Section 19. Ear, Nose, and Throat Disorders

Chapter 221. Disorders of the Nose and Sinuses

Topics: Introduction | Fractures of the Nose | Deviated Septum | Perforations of the Septum | Nosebleeds | Nasal Vestibulitis | Rhinitis | Nasal Polyps | Sinusitis

Nasal Polyps

Nasal polyps are fleshy outgrowths of the mucous membrane of the nose.

See the figure Polyp Formation in the Nose.

Polyps are common teardrop-shaped growths that form around the openings to the sinus cavities. A polyp resembles a peeled, seedless grape. Unlike polyps in the colon or bladder, polyps in the nose are not tumors and do not suggest an increased risk of cancer. They are merely a reflection of inflammation, although there may be a family history of the problem. The doctor may perform a biopsy of the polyp to ensure that it is not a cancer.

Polyps may develop during infections and may disappear after the infection subsides, or they may begin slowly and persist. Many people are not aware that they have nasal polyps, although they may have nasal congestion, obstruction, drainage, and chronic infections.

People with nasal polyps may be seriously allergic to aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (see Section 6, Chapter 78). People with nasal polyps often develop asthma as well.

Corticosteroids in the form of nasal sprays or oral tablets may shrink or eliminate polyps. Endoscopic surgery or oral corticosteroids are needed if polyps block the airways or cause frequent sinus infections by blocking drainage from the sinuses. Polyps tend to grow back unless the underlying irritation, allergy, or infection is controlled. Using an aerosol corticosteroid spray may slow or prevent recurrences. However, a doctor may need to examine the person periodically with endoscopy to evaluate and treat persistent or recurring problems.