Eyelid Swelling
Anything that irritates the eyes can also irritate the eyelids and cause swelling (eyelid edema). The most common cause of irritation is an allergy, which can make one or both lids crinkled or swollen. Allergic reactions may be caused by cosmetics, pollen or other particles in the air, metals such as nickel, or drugs placed into the eye as eye drops. Stings or bites from insects or infections from bacteria, viruses, or fungi can also cause the eyelids to swell. Trichinosis, due to a roundworm infection (see Section 17, Chapter 196), can also cause the eyelids to swell. Hereditary angioedema, a genetic disorder (see Section 16, Chapter 185), may cause episodes of eyelid swelling. Dry eyes may irritate both the eyeball and eyelids.
Removing the cause of swelling, where possible, and applying cold compresses may relieve the swelling. If an allergy is the cause, avoiding the allergen can relieve the swelling and reduce the risk of future episodes. Antihistamines may help, and a doctor may also prescribe a corticosteroid ointment for the eyelid. If a foreign object, such as an insect stinger, is lodged in the eyelid, it must be removed. Bacterial infections are treated with an antibiotic; fungal infections are treated with an antifungal drug. Hereditary angioedema has specific treatment.
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