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The Merck Manual--Second Home Edition logo
 
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Chapter 108. Drug Use and Abuse
Topics: Introduction | Alcohol | Opioids | Antianxiety Drugs and Sedatives | Nicotine | Marijuana | Amphetamines | Cocaine | Hallucinogens | Phencyclidine | Ketamine | Gamma Hydroxybutyrate | Solvent Inhalants
 
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Gamma Hydroxybutyrate

Gamma hydroxybutyrate (GHB) is taken by mouth. It is similar to ketamine in its effects.

GHB produces feelings of relaxation and tranquility. It may also cause fatigue and feelings of being uninhibited. At higher doses, GHB may produce dizziness and loss of coordination, nausea, and vomiting. Seizures and coma may also occur and can lead to respiratory failure and death. Combining GHB and any other sedative, especially alcohol, is extremely dangerous. Most deaths have occurred when GHB was taken with alcohol.

Withdrawal symptoms occur if GHB is not taken for several days after previous frequent use.

Treatment

Treatment is needed only for overdose. Use of a ventilator may be needed if breathing is affected. Most people recover rapidly.

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