Section 5. Bone, Joint, and Muscle Disorders

Chapter 72. Foot Problems

Topics: Introduction | Foot Pain | Ankle Sprain | Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome | Plantar Fasciitis | Achilles Tendon Bursitis | Ingrown Toenail | Onychomycosis | Onychia | Corns and Calluses | Onychauxis and Onychogryphosis | Hallux Valgus and Bunion | Hammer Toe | Sesamoiditis

Corns and Calluses

Corns are hard cone-shaped bumps commonly found on the upper surface of the smaller toes, particularly over a joint. Calluses are somewhat rounded flat thickenings of the skin located on the under-surface of the foot.

Corns and calluses are usually caused by friction and pressure, particularly from tight or ill-fitting shoes. Hammer toe and other toe deformities are often responsible for the development of corns. Calluses often develop under the ball of the foot because of faulty foot positioning and poor weight distribution. Symptoms include a generalized burning sensation or (at times) severe pain in a specific area. If not properly treated, underlying tissues can become inflamed and infected.

Treatment usually requires removal through scraping with a scalpel. After this procedure, padding of various sorts (for example, felt or moleskin) may be applied, to remove pressure from the healing area. Orthotics or other inserts that have padding can help.

If the blood supply to the affected area is poor, debridement may not be possible. In this case, special shoes that reduce pressure over the affected area may be necessary.