Section 3. Heart and Blood Vessel Disorders

Chapter 31. Heart Tumors

Topics: Introduction | Myxomas | Cancerous Tumors

Cancerous Tumors

Cancerous primary heart tumors are extremely rare, accounting for about one fourth of primary heart tumors. The most common are sarcomas that develop from blood vessel tissue. Secondary heart tumors are far more common, but how common is difficult to determine.

Symptoms

The symptoms of cancerous heart tumors are essentially the same as those of noncancerous heart tumors and vary depending on the tumor's location. However, the symptoms of cancerous tumors tend to worsen more quickly than those of noncancerous tumors, because the cancerous tumor grows much faster. Other symptoms include sudden development of heart failure, abnormal heart rhythms, and bleeding into the pericardium, which may interfere with the heart's functioning and cause cardiac tamponade (see Section 3, Chapter 30). Cancerous primary heart tumors may spread (metastasize) to the spine, nearby tissues, or organs such as the lungs and brain.

Symptoms of a secondary heart tumor often include those caused by the original tumor and may include those caused by metastases elsewhere in the body. Cancers, such as lung or breast cancer, may spread to the heart by direct invasion, often into the pericardium; the heart may be compressed because cancers cause blood and fluid to accumulate. Cancers may also spread to heart muscle and chambers through the bloodstream or through the lymph system; these cancers may produce symptoms of heart failure.

Diagnosis and Treatment

The procedures used to diagnose cancerous heart tumors are the same as those used for noncancerous heart tumors. For secondary tumors, procedures are performed to find the original tumor, unless its location is already known.

Because cancerous heart tumors--both primary and secondary--are almost always incurable, treatment is designed to reduce symptoms. Depending on the type of tumor, radiation therapy or chemotherapy is used.