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Table 3.2
Phytochemicals in Food
Phytochemical
Food in Which Naturally Found
Action in Body
Limonene and nomilin
Citrus fruit
Stimulate detoxification enzymes that break down carcinogens.
Citrus pectin
Plant fiber of citrus fruit
Shown to inhibit metastasis in prostate cancer by competing with tumor cell surface galectins, which are essential for successful establishment of secondary tumor cell colonies.
Sulfur-containing compounds, sulforphane
Cruciferous vegetables (broccoli, cauliflower, kale, brussels sprouts, and other members of the cabbage family), onions
Protect against cancer
Allyl sulfides
Garlic, onions, leeks, chives
Increase the production of glutathione S-transferase and other enzymes that enhance carcinogen excretion.
S-allylmercaptocysteine (SAMC)
Aged garlic
Detoxifies hormones and carcinogens.
Dithiolethiones
Broccoli
Trigger the formation of glutathione S-transferase, which may prevent carcinogens from damaging a cell's DNA.
Ellagic acid
Grapes, strawberries, raspberries, pomegranates
A polyphenol scavenger of carcinogens; prevents alteration in the DNA of cells. Also inhibits lung tumorigenesis induced by nicotine-derived nitrosamines.
Caffeic acid
Fruit
Enhances production of enzymes that make carcinogens more water-soluble.

(Table continued on next page)

 
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