1560s, "the point opposite the base in geometry," from Latin vertex "highest point," literally "the turning point," originally "whirling column, whirlpool," from vertere "to turn" (from PIE root *wer- (2) "to turn, bend"). Meaning "highest point of anything" is first attested 1640s.
versus
vert
vertebra
vertebral
vertebrate
vertex
vertical
vertiginous
vertigo
vervain
verve