1884, originally the name of a type of stopwatch with two second hands that could be stopped independently. Meaning "a fraction of a second" is from 1912, from split (adj.) + second (n.1); adjectival meaning "occurring in a fraction of a second" is from 1946.
splint
splinter
split
split-level
split-screen
split-second
splosh
splotch
splurge
splutter
Spock