c. 1400, mainlond, "continent, principal land," from main (adj.) + land (n.). Usually referring to continuous bodies of land and not islands or peninsulas. Related: Mainlander. Mainland China, referring to the People's Republic (as opposed to Taiwan) is attested by 1955.
main
main line
Main Street
Maine
mainframe
mainland
mainline
mainly
mainmast
mainsail
mainspring