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inmate (n.)

1580s, "one allowed to live in a house rented by another" (usually for a consideration), from in (adj.) "inside" + mate (n.) "companion." OED suggests the first element is perhaps originally inn. Sense of "one confined to an institution" is first attested 1834.

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Definitions of inmate from WordNet

inmate (n.)
one of several resident of a dwelling (especially someone confined to a prison or hospital);
inmate (n.)
a patient who is residing in the hospital where he is being treated;
Synonyms: inpatient
inmate (n.)
a person serving a sentence in a jail or prison;
Synonyms: convict / con / yard bird / yardbird
From wordnet.princeton.edu