c. 1200, transitive, "make (something) hard," from hard (adj.) + -en (1). Intransitive meaning "to become hard" is late 14c. The earlier verb was simply hard, from Old English heardian. Related: Hardened; hardening.
The wax hardened
The cold hardened the butter
hardball
hard-bitten
hard-boiled
hardcore
hard-cover
harden
hardened
hardener
hard-fought
hard-headed
hard-hearted