1680s, "an opposing or counter purpose, a conflicting intention or plan," from cross- + purpose (n.). It is attested earlier as the name of a popular parlor game (1660s), and the phrase be at cross-purposes "have conflicting plans to attain the same end" (1680s) might be from the game.
at cross-purposes
crossly
crossness
cross-over
cross-patch
cross-pollination
cross-purpose
cross-reference
crossroad
crossroads
cross-section
cross-stitch