1808, coined in Modern Latin by its discoverer, English chemist Sir Humphry Davy, because it was present in the mineral barytes "heavy spar" (barium sulphate), so named by Lavoisier from Greek barys "heavy," from PIE root *gwere- (1) "heavy." The metal is actually relatively light. With chemical ending -ium. Related: Baric.
barge
bargeman
bariatric
barista
baritone
barium
bark
barkeep
barker
barley
barleycorn