Abu-Jahil, his name is Amr bin Hisham, was the most bitter enemy of Prophet Muhammad peace be upon him. Abu-Jahil belonged to Quraish, the umbrella tribe to which Prophet's clan (Bani Hashim) belong. As many other people in the Jahiliyya (The Era of ignorance before Islam), Abu-Jahil was a polytheist worshiping idols. Prophet Muhammad used to supplicate to God that one of the two Omars would revert to Islam. It was Omar bin Al-Khattab who reverted, while Abu-Jahil insisted on paganism and enmity to the new religion. Some stories suggest that Abu-Jahil was allied by Iblis (Satan) himself in his war against Islam. Abu-Jahil was killed in the great battle of Badr near Meddina, having proven to be an equal in aggression and vice to the Pharaoh of Egypt. Read more: http://wiki.answers.com/Q/Who_is_abu_jahal#ixzz1DX7neYLW Amr ibn Hisham Amr ibn Hashim known as Abu Jahl (meaning father of folly/ignorance, see also Jahiliyyah) was named by Muhammad himself. He was one of the leaders in Mecca prior to the city's surrender to Muhammad's army. His son was Ikrimah ibn Abu Jahl. Abu Jahl became the head of of the Banu Hashim after the death of Abu Talib, becoming one among the leaders of Quraish, and among the chieftains that in varying degrees kept a relentless hostility towards the Muslims. When a Muslim convert was discovered among the hierarchy of a tribe, Abu Jahl would reprimand the convert and then ridicule him in front of his fellow tribesmen so that he lost their respect. Traders who converted also suffered in Abu Jahl hands. When he discovered a trader had converted he gave orders that no one should engage in business with him. As a result, the convert trader was unable to sell his wares and he became impoverished. The freemen who suffered most were poor converts, who, in the eyes of Abu Jahl, were the least important on the social scale. Abu Jahl would beat the converted without mercy and urged others to follow his example. As for convert slaves belonging to the unbelieving Quraish, they received the harshest punishment, for their standing was by far the weakest. Common punishments included brutal beatings followed by food and water depravation, but perhaps the most severe punishment was that of being pinned down upon the scorching hot sands of Mecca, left to endure the blistering heat of the sun without relief. Abu Jahl beat Zinnira for her conversion to such an extent that she lost her eyesight. He also came to Sumayyah bint Khabbab (mother of Ammar ibn Yasir) and inflicted mortal wounds by stabbing her with a spear in her private parts. She was the first 'shaheedah' (martyr) in Islam. Some of the physically weaker converts were unable to endure their prolonged punishment and recanted. However, their recantations were not authentic. Those who remained undetected would offer their prayers in secret, but there were many who did not have the privilege of privacy and their grief at not being able to offer their prayers was considerable. One time, after hurting Muhammad, Muhammad prayed for his destruction. Abu Jahl was killed in the Battle of Badr by two youths, Muawwaz ibn Amr and Muaaz ibn Amr. Amr ibn Hisham - Succesion From Wikipedia Biography [edit] Family He was known as Abu l-Hakam, translated to English as "Father of Wisdom", meaning he was considered a wise man amongst the Quraysh. Abu Jahl was the bitterest opponent against the budding monotheistic religion and thus his belligerent stance earned him the name Abu Jahl ??? ???, the Father of Ignorance. He was a member of the Banu Makhzum clan of the Quraysh and one of the leaders in Mecca[1] prior to the city's surrender to Muhammad's army. Abu Jahl had a son, Ikrimah ibn Abu Jahl, who later converted to Islam. He disliked Muhammad and would at any opportunity rebuke and publicly humiliate him. [edit] Islam ‘Amr was among the chieftains that in varying degrees kept a relentless hostility towards the Muslims[1]. When a Muslim convert was discovered among the hierarchy of a tribe, ‘Umr would reprimand the convert and then ridicule him in front of his fellow tribesmen so that the convert lost their respect. Traders who converted also suffered at ‘Amr's hands. When he discovered a trader had converted he gave orders that no one should engage in business with him. As a result, the convert trader was unable to sell his wares and became impoverished.[citation needed] The freemen who suffered most were poor converts who, in the ‘Amr's eyes, were the least important on the social scale. He would beat the converted without mercy and urged others to follow his example. As for convert slaves belonging to the polytheist Quraysh, they received the harshest punishment. Common punishments included brutal beatings followed by food and water deprivation, but perhaps the most severe punishment was that of being pinned down upon the scorching hot sands of Mecca, left to endure the blistering heat of the sun. ‘Amr beat Harithah bint al-Muammil, one such slave, for her conversion to such an extent that she lost her eyesight.[citation needed] He also came to Sumayyah bint Khayya? (mother of ‘Ammar ibn Yasir, who later was one of the Sahaba) and inflicted on her mortal wounds by stabbing her with a spear in her genitals. Summayah was the first woman martyr for Islam. Some of the physically weaker converts were unable to endure their prolonged punishment and recanted. However, their recantations were not authentic. Those who remained undetected would offer their prayers in secret, but there were many who did not have the privilege of privacy and their grief at not being able to offer their prayers was considerable. ===Battle of Badr===ha Prior to the Battle of Badr, Sa’d ibn Mu'adh had visited Mecca once to perform his Umrah with his non-Muslim friend Umayyah ibn Khalaf, when they came across ’Amr. They had an argument, and as it became heated, Sa’d threatened him with stopping the Meccan trade route to Syria and ’Amr informed Umayyah that his life was threatened by Muhammad.[1] ’Amr was fatally wounded in the Battle of Badr by Muawwaz ibn Amr and Muaaz ibn Amr later been killed by Abdullah ibn Masood.