Your continued
donations keep Wikipedia running!

White movement

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jump to: navigation, search

Armies of Russia

Kievan
Rus'

Druzhina (862-1400s)

Muscovy

Streltsy (1400s-1721)

Imperial
Russia

Army (1721-1917)

White
Movement

White Guard (1917-1921)

Soviet
Union

Red
Army (1918-1991)

Russian
Federation

Army (1991-Present)

White Army links here. For other uses, see White Army
(disambiguation)

The White movement, whose military arm is known as the White
Army (Белая Армия) or White Guard (Белая Гвардия, белогвардейцы) and
whose members are known as Whites (Белые, or the derogatory Беляки) or
White Russians (a term which has other meanings) comprised
some of the Russian forces, both political
and military, which opposed the Bolsheviks after the October Revolution
and fought against the Red Army (as well as the
nationalist Green Army and the anarchist
Black
Army) during the Russian Civil War from
1918 to 1921.

White Army armoured train's flag
with "To Moscow!" slogan inscribed on it, now stored in the Moscow Red Army
museum

The designation White had two meanings. First, it stood in
contradistinction to the Reds—the revolutionary Red Army who supported the soviets and Communism.
Second, the word "white" had monarchist associations: historically each Russian
Tsar was solemnly
called the white tsar, and the monarchist ideal during the civil war was
known as the white idea.

Strictly speaking, no monolithic "White Army" existed; lacking central
coordination, the White forces were never more than a loose confederation of
counter-revolutionary forces. The officers who made up the core of the White
Army mostly upheld monarchist ideals, but some
elements of the White Army drew support from many other political movements,
including democrats, social
revolutionaries, and others who opposed the October Revolution;
at other times and in other places, the same groups supported the Red Army
instead. There was also a third group known as the Green Army who opposed both.
The rank-and-file troops of the White Army included both active opponents of the
Bolsheviks (many Cossacks, for example) and
enlisted apolitical peasants. At times, the Western Allies of the Triple
Entente and interventionist foreign forces provided substantial assistance
to White Army units. This prompted some people to see the White Army as
representing the interests of foreign powers.

The Russian Civil War
between Whites and Reds raged until 1921. The White Army, in
intermittent collaboration with interventionist forces from outside Russia (Japanese, British, Canadian, French, American) held sway in
some areas (especially Siberia, Ukraine and the Crimea) for periods of time and
put considerable bodies of troops into the field. But they failed to unite or to
co-operate effectively amongst themselves, and the Bolshevik Red Army eventually gained the
upper hand.

White activity re-concentrated in émigré circles. Considerable
numbers of anti-Soviet Russians clustered in Berlin, Paris, Harbin, Istanbul, and Shanghai, setting up cultural
networks which lasted until the time of World War II. There was
also a sizable community of Harbin Russians in
China. Thereafter White Russian activity found a new principal home in the United
States.

Some leaders of the White movement, particularly General
Wrangel, formulated political concepts based on Russian traditionalism that were
taken up and developed in émigré circles after the end of the Civil War by
Russian thinkers such as Ivan Ilyin; these thinkers
were known as Slavophiles.

Monarchist tendencies were strongest amidst the veterans of the White
movement, while republicanism was rarer. In August of 1922, two months before
its defeat, the far eastern White Army of General Mikhail
Ditterix went as far as to convene the Zemskiy Sobor of
Preamursk, and elect (without his participation) Grand Duke Nikolai
Nikoaievich Romanov as tsar of all Russia.

[edit]

Prominent persons of the White movement

Mikhail Vasilevich
Alekseev

Stanisław
Bułak-Bałachowicz

Anton Ivanovich
Denikin

Mikhail
Gordeevich Drozdovsky

Alexander Ilyich Dutov

Ivan
Aleksandrovich Ilyin

Aleksei
Maksimovich Kaledin

Aleksandr
Vasilevich Kolchak

Lavr Georgevich
Kornilov

Pyotr
Nikolayevich Krasnov

Alexander Pavlovich
Kutepov

Viacheslav
Grigorevich Naumenko [1][2][3]

Sergey Leonidovich
Markov

Vladimir Zinovyevich
May-Mayevsky

Evgenii Karlovich
Miller

Grand Duke
Nicholas

Viktor Leonidovich
Pokrovsky

Grigory
Mikhailovich Semenov

Andrei Grigoriyevich
Shkuro

Baron Roman von
Ungern-Sternberg

Ariadna
Tyrkova-Williams

Pyotr
Nikolayevich Wrangel

Nikolai
Nikolaevich Yudenich

[edit]

See also

Volunteer Army

Allied
Intervention in the Russian Civil War

Russian
All-Military Union

Russian Liberation
Army and the Committee
for the Liberation of the Peoples of Russia

Operation Keelhaul

The Betrayal of
Cossacks

White-

[edit]

External links

Anti-Bolshevik Russia in
pictures

(English)
Museum and Archives of the White
Movement

(Russian)
Memory and Honour Association

(Russian)
History of the White Movement

The Tarasov Saga

White Russian Emigre Interview

White Emigre Radio Documentary

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_movement"

Categories:
Russian
Revolution | Russian
counter-revolutionaries | History of
Russia

Views

Article

Discussion

Edit
this page

History

Personal tools

Sign
in / create account

Navigation

Main
Page

Community
Portal

Featured
articles

Current events

Recent changes

Random article

Help

Contact Wikipedia

Donations

Search

Toolbox

What
links here

Related
changes

Upload
file

Special pages

Printable
version

Permanent
link

Cite
this article

In other languages

Deutsch

Ελληνικά

Español

Eesti

Français

Italiano

Suomi

עברית

Nederlands

Português

日本語

Română

Русский

中文

This page was last modified 10:11, 13 June 2006.

All text is available under the terms of the GNU
Free Documentation License. (See Copyrights
for details.)
Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia
Foundation, Inc.

Privacy policy

About Wikipedia

Disclaimers