Marx saw the exchange process as a continual converting of money to commodity and back to money. With C representing the commodity and M representing the money he showed the process of purchasing as M- C. He showed selling as C - M. If someone bought a toothbrush and the shopkeeper used the money from the sale to buy a pack gum then C1 = toothbrush and C2 = gum, and C1 - M - C2.
G. Scott Harrison
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