For other versions of this document, see http://wikileaks.org/wiki/CRS-RL34185
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Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress
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The population of the United States is growing older. Because of the aging of the population and
the decline in income that occurs when people retire, both the amount and the composition of
spending by American households could change substantially as the 76 million members of the
baby boom generation reach retirement age. This CRS report presents data on spending by
Americans aged 55 and older collected by the U.S. Department of Labor through its Consumer
Expenditure Survey (CES). From 1985 to 2005, the average annual expenditures of older
Americans rose along with their incomes, and the distribution of spending among expenditure
categories changed. These changes were the result of changing tastes and preferences among
consumers and differences in the rates of price increase among various classes of goods and
services.
Between 1985 and 2005, the average annual expenditures of families headed by persons between
the ages of 55 and 64, adjusted for inflation, rose by 7.5%. Spending on housing rose by 29.6%,
and expenditures on health care rose by 39%. The average annual expenditures of families headed
by persons between the ages of 65 and 74 rose by 15.7%. Their average housing expenditures
rose by 22.5%, while their spending on health care rose by 40%. The average annual expenditures
of families headed by persons aged 75 and over rose by 13.3%. Average housing expenditures
among this age group rose by 20.4%, while their spending on health care rose by 40%. As a
result, by 2005 housing and health care comprised a larger share of total expenditures among
Americans 55 and older than they did in 1985.
Much of the increase in health care spending was due to the rapid rise in the price of medical
goods and services. Between 1985 and 2005, the Consumer Price Index (CPI) for medical care
rose by 185%, while the CPI for all goods and services rose by 82%. Health care expenditures
rose not only because of inflation but also because of the introduction of new medicines, medical
equipment, and procedures that either replaced older treatments or that represented entirely new
forms of medical care. The increase in health care expenditures was concentrated in two
categories: health insurance premiums and out-of-pocket spending for prescription drugs, both of
which rose substantially between 1985 and 2005. Out-of-pocket spending for medical services
and supplies, on the other hand, fell during the period. The increase in housing expenditures
cannot be attributed to inflation, at least as it is measured by the Consumer Price Index. Between
1985 and 2005, both the CPI for housing and the CPI for all goods and services rose by 82%. The
CPI may understate the growth in the cost of housing because it includes rising rents but not
rising home prices.
If Americans merely choose to buy more health care and more housing, then there is no obvious
role for public policy to influence that choice. However, to the extent that other forms of spending
are "squeezed out" by increases in the cost of housing and health care that are caused by market
inefficiencies or the unintended consequences of federal tax laws, then intervention to correct the
market failures and a review of the incentives caused by these tax policies may be warranted.
This report will be updated as new data become available.
¢
Background: America's Aging Population ...................................................................................... 1
Changes in Spending, by Expenditure Category, 1985 to 2005 ...................................................... 3
Families Headed by Persons Aged 55 to 64.............................................................................. 3
Families Headed by Persons Aged 65 to 74.............................................................................. 4
Families Headed by Persons Aged 75 and Older ...................................................................... 4
Changes in Spending, by Share of Total Expenditures.................................................................... 9
Families Headed by Persons Aged 55 to 64.............................................................................. 9
Families Headed by Persons Aged 65 to 74.............................................................................. 9
Families Headed by Persons Aged 75 and Older ...................................................................... 9
Cohort Analysis of Expenditures from 1985 to 2005 .................................................................... 13
Expenditures in 2005 by Age, Marital Status, Employment, and Income..................................... 16
Expenditures by Age: Married Couples .................................................................................. 16
Expenditures by Age: Unmarried Men and Women................................................................ 17
Expenditures by Employment Status: Married Couples ......................................................... 25
Expenditures by Employment Status: Unmarried Men and Women....................................... 25
Expenditures by Income: Married Couples............................................................................. 33
Expenditures by Income: Unmarried Men and Women .......................................................... 33
Conclusion and Policy Implications.............................................................................................. 47
Figure 1. Average Annual Total Expenditures, by Age of Family Head.......................................... 6
Figure 2. Average Annual Housing Expenditures by Age of Family Head ..................................... 6
Figure 3. Average Annual Health Care Expenditures, by Age of Family Head .............................. 7
Figure 4. Average Annual Food Expenditures, by Age of Family Head ......................................... 7
Figure 5. Average Annual Clothing Expenditures, by Age of Family Head.................................... 8
Figure 6. Average Annual Transportation Expenditures, by Age of Family Head .......................... 8
Figure 7. Expenditures in 1985, Family Head Aged 55 to 64 ....................................................... 10
Figure 8. Expenditures in 2005, Family Head Aged 55 to 64 ....................................................... 10
Figure 9. Expenditures in 1985, Family Head Aged 65 to 74 ........................................................11
Figure 10. Expenditures in 2005, Family Head aged 65 to 74 .......................................................11
Figure 11. Expenditures in 1985, Family Head Aged 75 or Older ................................................ 12
Figure 12. Expenditures in 2005, Family Head Aged 75 or Older ................................................ 12
Figure 13. Quarterly Expenditures in 2005, by Percentile Rank: Married Couples...................... 19
Figure 14. Share of Expenditures in 2005, by Percentile Rank: Married Couples........................ 20
Figure 15. Quarterly Expenditures in 2005, by Percentile Rank: Unmarried Men ....................... 21
Figure 16. Share of Expenditures in 2005, by Percentile Rank: Unmarried Men ......................... 22
Figure 17. Quarterly Expenditures in 2005, by Percentile Rank: Unmarried Women .................. 23
¢
Figure 18. Share of Expenditures in 2005, by Percentile Rank: Unmarried Women .................... 24
Figure 19. Quarterly Expenditures in 2005, by Percentile Rank: Married Couples, by
Employment ............................................................................................................................... 27
Figure 20. Share of Expenditures in 2005, by Percentile Rank: Married Couples, by
Employment ............................................................................................................................... 28
Figure 21. Quarterly Expenditures in 2005, by Percentile Rank: Unmarried Men, by
Employment ............................................................................................................................... 29
Figure 22. Share of Expenditures in 2005, by Percentile Rank: Unmarried Men, by
Employment ............................................................................................................................... 30
Figure 23. Quarterly Expenditures in 2005, by Percentile Rank: Unmarried Women, by
Employment ............................................................................................................................... 31
Figure 24. Share of Expenditures in 2005, by Percentile Rank: Unmarried Women, by
Employment ............................................................................................................................... 32
Figure 25. Quarterly Expenditures in 2005, by Percentile Rank: Married Couples Aged
55-64, by Income........................................................................................................................ 35
Figure 26. Share of Expenditures in 2005, by Percentile Rank: Married Couples Aged 55-
64, by Income............................................................................................................................. 36
Figure 27. Quarterly Expenditures in 2005, by Percentile Rank: Married Couples Aged
65+, by Income........................................................................................................................... 37
Figure 28. Share of Expenditures in 2005, by Percentile Rank: Married Couples Aged
65+, by Income........................................................................................................................... 38
Figure 29. Quarterly Expenditures in 2005, by Percentile Rank: Unmarried Men Aged 55-
64, by Income............................................................................................................................. 39
Figure 30. Share of Expenditures in 2005, by Percentile Rank: Unmarried Men Aged 55-
64, by Income............................................................................................................................. 40
Figure 31. Quarterly Expenditures in 2005, by Percentile Rank: Unmarried Men Aged
65+, by Income........................................................................................................................... 41
Figure 32. Share of Expenditures in 2005, by Percentile Rank: Unmarried Men Aged
65+, by Income........................................................................................................................... 42
Figure 33. Quarterly Expenditures in 2005, by Percentile Rank: Unmarried Women Aged
55-64, by Income........................................................................................................................ 43
Figure 34. Share of Expenditures in 2005, by Percentile Rank: Unmarried Women Aged
55-64, by Income........................................................................................................................ 44
Figure 35. Quarterly Expenditures in 2005, by Percentile Rank: Unmarried Women Aged
65+, by Income........................................................................................................................... 45
Figure 36. Share of Expenditures in 2005, by Percentile Rank: Unmarried Women Aged
65+, by Income........................................................................................................................... 46
Table 1. Projections of the Resident U.S. Population, by Age ........................................................ 1
Table 2. Average Expenditures, by Age of Family Head at 10-Year Intervals .............................. 14
¢
Table A-1. Average Annual Expenditures, Family Head Aged 55 to 64 ....................................... 50
Table A-2. Average Annual Expenditures, Family Head Aged 65 to 74 ....................................... 51
Table A-3. Average Annual Expenditures, Family Head Aged 75 or Older .................................. 52
Table A-4. Average Quarterly Spending in 2005 by Marital Status and Age ................................ 54
Table A-5. Share of Total Spending by Category in 2005 by Marital Status and Age .................. 55
Table A-6. Average Quarterly Expenditures in 2005 by Employment and Age: Married
Couples....................................................................................................................................... 56
Table A-7. Average Quarterly Expenditures in 2005 by Employment and Age: Unmarried
Men ............................................................................................................................................ 57
Table A-8. Average Quarterly Expenditures in 2005 by Employment and Age: Unmarried
Women ....................................................................................................................................... 58
Table A-9. Average Share of Expenditures in 2005 by Employment and Age: Married
Couples....................................................................................................................................... 59
Table A-10. Average Share of Expenditures in 2005 by Employment and Age: Unmarried
Men ............................................................................................................................................ 60
Table A-11. Average Share of Expenditures in 2005 by Employment and Age: Unmarried
Women ....................................................................................................................................... 61
Table A-12. Average Quarterly Expenditures in 2005 by Annual Income and Age:
Married Couples......................................................................................................................... 62
Table A-13. Average Quarterly Expenditures in 2005 by Annual Income and Age:
Unmarried Men .......................................................................................................................... 63
Table A-14. Average Quarterly Expenditures in 2005 by Annual Income and Age:
Unmarried Women ..................................................................................................................... 64
Table A-15. Share of Total Expenditures by Category in 2005 by Income and Age:
Married Couples......................................................................................................................... 65
Table A-16. Share of Total Expenditures by Category in 2005 by Income and Age:
Unmarried Men .......................................................................................................................... 66
Table A-17. Share of Total Expenditures by Category in 2005 by Income and Age:
Unmarried Women ..................................................................................................................... 67
¡
Appendix. Data Tables .................................................................................................................. 50
Author Contact Information .......................................................................................................... 68
¢
The population of the United States is growing older. Birth rates soared in the 20 years after
1945--creating the demographic phenomenon called the "baby boom"--and then fell to lower
levels. Now, the oldest of the 76 million Americans who were born between 1946 and 1964 are
nearing the ages of eligibility for Social Security (62) and Medicare (65). As the result of
increases in life expectancy, many of these individuals will live for 20 years or more after
reaching their 65th birthdays. For example, in 1960 a 65 year-old man had a remaining life
expectancy of 13 years and a 65 year-old woman had a remaining life expectancy of 16 years. By
2004, a 65 year-old man had a remaining life expectancy of 17 years and a 65 year-old woman
had a remaining life expectancy of 20 years.1
As more people live into old age, the age profile of the U.S. population will change.2 In 2005,
36.7 million Americans were aged 65 or older, representing 12.4% of the population. By 2025,
according to projections made by the Bureau of the Census, 63.5 million people will be 65 or
older, comprising 18.2% of the U.S. population. (See Table 1.)
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02 rednU 279,18 802,58 620,29 291,89 443,501 741,901
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96 ot 56 321,01 126,51 746,91 386,81 928,81 444,02
97 ot 07 678,51 847,81 903,82 411,43 381,23 665,23
pu dna 08 696,01 224,21 865,51 448,32 749,13 696,33
latoT 605,592 763,223 834,943 588,773 268,504 458,914
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The aging of the population will have important implications for both the federal budget and the
economy. The labor force participation rate--the percentage of the population who are either
employed or looking for work--begins to fall after age 55 and drops sharply after age 65.3 In
retirement, individuals receive most of their income from pensions, savings, and Social Security
rather than from wages. Most people experience a decline in total income when they stop
working, in part because many of them either do not have a pension, have not saved for
retirement, or both. Data collected by the Federal Reserve Board indicate that just 50% of all U.S.
households owned either an individual retirement account (IRA) or an employer-sponsored
1
U.S. National Center for Health Statistics, Health, United States, 2006.
2
See CRS Report RL32701, The Changing Demographic Profile of the United States, by Laura B. Shrestha.
3
For more information, see CRS Report RL30629, Older Workers: Employment and Retirement Trends, by Patrick
Purcell.
¢
retirement savings plan (such as a 401(k) plan) in 2004.4 Only about half of all workers in the
United States participate in a pension or retirement savings plan where they work, and only 35%
percent of Americans aged 65 or older received income from a pension in 2005.5
Because of the demographic trend toward an older population and the decline in income that
occurs as people leave the labor force for retirement, both the amount and the composition of
consumption spending by American households could change substantially as the 76 million
members of the baby boom reach retirement age. As Congress considers reforms to Social
Security, Medicare, Medicaid, tax-deferred retirement savings plans, and other programs that
provide income and benefits to older Americans, it may be helpful for policymakers to consider
how older individuals spend their income and how this spending has changed over time.
This report presents data on spending by Americans aged 55 and older collected by the U.S.
Department of Labor through its Consumer Expenditure Survey (CES). CES data are used by the
Bureau of Labor Statistics to develop the market basket of goods and services that are sampled to
measure the rate of price inflation, as reported in the Consumer Price Index (CPI). The CES is
also used by researchers in government, business, and academia to study the buying habits of
households. The survey is conducted by the Census Bureau on behalf of the Bureau of Labor
Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor.6 It consists of both a diary survey that is completed by
participating households over a two-week period and an interview survey, in which expenditures
are measured in five interviews conducted at three-month intervals. For the diary survey, about
7,500 households are sampled each year. The sample for the interview surveys consists of about
7,500 households during each quarter of the year, with each household being interviewed a total
of five times. The BLS estimates that the interview survey captures about 95% of all consumer
spending, while the remainder is accounted for through the diary survey.
This report presents summary information on trends in spending by older Americans from 1985 to
2005 and a detailed analysis of spending in 2005. The data are presented mainly in charts in the
body of the report, but tables showing the data on which each of the charts is based are included
in an appendix. The CES describes spending by consumer units. A consumer unit can be either a
family, a single person living alone or sharing a household with others, but who is financially
independent, or it can be two or more persons living together who share expenses. In this report,
the terms "consumer unit" and "family" are used interchangeably, regardless of the number of
people who are members of the consumer unit. All of the CES expenditure categories are
included except contributions to pensions and Social Security, which economists generally agree
represent a form of saving rather than consumption expenditures. All expenditures are reported in
constant 2005 dollars.
4
For more information, see CRS Report RL30922, Retirement Savings and Household Wealth: Trends from 2001 to
2004, by Patrick Purcell.
5
For more information on pension participation, see CRS Report RL30122, Pension Sponsorship and Participation:
Summary of Recent Trends, by Patrick Purcell. For a description of the income among older Americans, see CRS
Report RL32697, Income and Poverty Among Older Americans in 2007, by Patrick Purcell.
6
For a more detailed description of the Consumer Expenditure Survey, see Consumer Expenditures in 2005, Bureau of
Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, Report 998, February 2007 at http://www.bls.gov/cex/csxann05.pdf.
¢
¢ ¡ ¢
Over the twenty years from 1985 to 2005, the average annual expenditures of older Americans
rose along with their incomes, and the distribution of spending among expenditure categories
changed. These patterns reflected both changing tastes and preferences and differences in the
rates of price increase among various classes of goods and services.7 Figure 1 through Figure 6
show spending by type of expenditure by families headed by persons 55 or older in 1985, 1990,
1995, 2000, and 2005.8 As noted above, we refer here to all consumer units, including single
persons, as families throughout the report.9 Data are shown separately for three age groups: 55 to
64, 65 to 74, and 75 or older.
Among all three age groups, spending on housing and health care rose between 1985 and 2005.
Spending on housing represents the sum of expenditures for mortgage payments or rent plus
insurance, repairs, utilities, fuel, public services, and household operations and supplies.
Mortgage payments include payment of both principal and interest.10 Health care spending, as
measured by the Consumer Expenditure Survey, represents out-of-pocket spending for health
insurance premiums, deductibles, and copayments, and out-of-pocket spending for medical
services, supplies, and prescription drugs. It does not include spending paid for by private health
insurance, Medicare, or Medicaid. (See Table A-1 in the Appendix.)
Average spending on apparel and services fell throughout the period. Spending on food varied
slightly, but was lower in real terms in 2005 than in 1985 among all three age groups. Spending
on transportation fell from 1985 to 1995 and rose between 1995 and 2005 among all three age
groups.
¢
Between 1985 and 2005, the average annual expenditures of families headed by persons between
the ages of 55 and 64, adjusted for inflation, rose from $41,127 to $44,224, an increase of 7.5%.11
(See Figure 1.) In both 1985 and 2005, the three largest categories of expenditure were housing,
transportation, and food. Together, average spending on these three categories totaled 67% of
total spending in 1985 and 70% of total spending in 2005. Spending on housing rose from
$12,165 in 1985 to $15,769 in 2005, an increase of 29.6%. (See Figure 2.) Real expenditures on
health care rose from $2,459 in 1985 to $3,410 in 2005, an increase of 39%.12 (See Figure 3.)
7
This report includes CES data covering the period from 1985 to 2005. Because of changes in the survey, data
collected before 1984 are not directly comparable to data collected after that date. As of September 2007, the most
recent available CES data were collected in 2005.
8
In the CES, married couples decide which person will be referred to as the family head.
9
Detailed expenditure data for selected years from 1985 to 2005 are presented in the Appendix, in Tables A1, A2, and
A3.
10
Although repayment of principal can for some purposes be considered a form of saving because it results in the
homeowner building equity in the property, for purposes of this analysis, the family's total outlays for housing are the
more relevant measure.
11
The "average" amount of spending presented in this section of the report is the arithmetic mean of annual spending
by the consumer unit.
12
Between 1985 and 2005, the CPI-U for all goods and services rose from 107.6 to 195.3, an increase of 81.5%. The
(continued...)
¢
The increase in health care spending was accounted for entirely by higher spending for health
insurance and prescription drugs, which rose by 88%, from an average of $1,220 in 1985 to
$2,298 in 2005. Average out-of-pocket spending for medical services and supplies fell in real
terms from $1,242 in 1985 to $1,113 in 2005, a decline of 10%. (See Table A-1 in the
Appendix.)
Average spending on both food and transportation fell from 1985 to 1995 and then rose from
1995 to 2005. (See Figure 3 and Figure 6.) Average spending on clothing (including laundry
services) fell from $2,821 in 1985 to $1,784 in 2005, in part because of the slow rise in clothing
prices compared to the prices of other goods and services.13 (See Figure 5.)
¢
Between 1985 and 2005, the average annual expenditures of families headed by persons between
the ages of 65 and 74, adjusted for inflation, rose from $31,491 to $36,442, an increase of 15.7%.
Average housing expenditures rose from $10,184 in 1985 to $12,474 in 2005, an increase of
22.5%. Average spending on health care rose from $2,993 in 1985 to $4,176 in 2005, an increase
of 40%. As was true among families in the 55 to 64 age group, the increase in health care
spending was accounted for entirely by increased spending for health insurance and prescription
drugs. Average spending on health insurance and prescription drugs rose from $1,783 in 2005 to
$3,308 in 2005, an increase of 86%. At the same time, average out-of-pocket spending on medical
services and supplies fell from $1,208 to $867, a decline of 28%. (See Table A-2 in the
Appendix.)
Average spending on food fell from $5,026 in 1985 to $4,899 in 2005, while spending on apparel
and services fell from $1,924 in 1985 to $1,313 in 2005. Average spending on transportation fell
from $5,928 in 1985 to $5,742 in 1995, before rising to $6,568 in 2005.
¢
Between 1985 and 2005, the average annual expenditures of families headed by persons aged 75
and over, adjusted for inflation, rose from $23,314 to $26,417, an increase of 13.3%. Average
housing expenditures rose from $7,984 in 1985 to $9,612 in 2005, an increase of 20.4%. In this
age group, spending on health care rose from $3,006 in 1985 to $4,210 in 2005, an increase of
40%. As was the case among families in the two younger age groups, the increase in health care
spending was accounted for by increased spending for health insurance and prescription drugs,
which rose from $1,697 in 1985 to $3,258 in 2005, an increase of 92%. Average out-of-pocket
spending for medical services and supplies fell from $1,307 in 1985 to $951 in 2005, a 27%
decline. (See Table A-3 in the Appendix.)
Also in keeping with the pattern observed among the younger families, average spending on food
and spending on apparel and services fell among families headed by persons aged 75 or older.
Average spending on food fell from $3,701 in 1985 to $3,388 in 2005. Average spending on
(...continued)
CPI for medical care rose from 113.5 to 323.2, a 185% increase.
13
Between 1985 and 2005, the CPI-U for all goods and services rose from 107.6 to 195.3, an increase of 81.5%. The
CPI for clothing rose from 105.0 to 119.5, an increase of 13.8%.
¢
apparel and services fell from $889 in 1985 to $584 in 2005. Spending on transportation rose
from $3,258 in 1985 to $3,754 in 2005.
.srallod 5002 ni stnuomA .syevruS erutidnepxE remusnoC 5002 dna 5891 eht fo sisylana SRC :ecruoS
Age 75+ Age 65-74 Age 55-64
2005 2000 1995 1990 1985
$0
$2,000
$4,000
$6,000
$8,000
$10,000
Amount (in 2005 Dollars)
$12,000
$14,000
$16,000
daeH ylimaF fo egA yb serutidnepxE gnisuoH launnA egarevA .2 erugiF
Age 75+ Age 65-74 Age 55-64
2005 2000 1995 1990 1985
$0
$5,000
$10,000
$15,000
$20,000
$25,000
$30,000
Amount (in 2005 Dollars)
$35,000
$40,000
$45,000
daeH ylimaF fo egA yb ,serutidnepxE latoT launnA egarevA .1 erugiF
¢
.srallod 5002 ni stnuomA .syevruS erutidnepxE remusnoC 5002 dna 5891 eht fo sisylana SRC :ecruoS
Age 75+ 0000 Age 65-74 0000 Age 55-64 0000
0000000 0000000 00000000
2005 2000 1995 1990 1985
$0
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 $2,000
000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 $4,000
00000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000
000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
000000000
000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 $6,000
00000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000
$8,000
$10,000
Amount (in 2005 Dollars)
$12,000
$14,000
$16,000
daeH ylimaF fo egA yb ,serutidnepxE dooF launnA egarevA .4 erugiF
Age 75+ Age 65-74 Age 55-64
00000000000 00000000000 000000000000
2005 2000 1995 1990 1985
$0
000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 $2,000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 $4,000
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
$6,000
$8,000
$10,000
Amount (in 2005 Dollars)
$12,000
$14,000
$16,000
daeH ylimaF fo egA yb ,serutidnepxE eraC htlaeH launnA egarevA .3 erugiF
¢
.srallod 5002 ni stnuomA .syevruS erutidnepxE remusnoC 5002 dna 5891 eht fo sisylana SRC :ecruoS
Age 75+ 0000 Age 65-74 0000 Age 55-64 0000
00000000 00000000 0000000
2005 2000 1995 1990 1985
$0
00000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 $2,000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000
000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 $4,000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 $6,000
00000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000
000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
000000000 000000000 00000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000 $8,000
000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000
$10,000
Amount (in 2005 Dollars)
$12,000
$14,000
$16,000
daeH ylimaF fo egA yb ,serutidnepxE noitatropsnarT launnA egarevA .6 erugiF
Age 75+ Age 65-74 Age 55-64
2005 2000 1995 1990 1985
$0
$2,000
$4,000
$6,000
$8,000
$10,000
Amount (in 2005 Dollars)
$12,000
$14,000
$16,000
daeH ylimaF fo egA yb ,serutidnepxE gnihtolC launnA egarevA .5 erugiF
¢
¢
¢
¡
¢
In both 1985 and 2005, the three largest categories of expenditure among families headed by
persons between the ages of 55 and 64 were housing, transportation, and food. Average spending
on these three categories accounted for 67.1% of total spending in 1985 and 69.7% of total
spending in 2005. (See Figure 7 and Figure 8.) Expenditures for housing, including mortgage or
rent, insurance, utilities, public services, taxes, and household operations and supplies, rose from
29.5% of average family expenditures in 1985 to 35.6% in 2005. Out-of-pocket spending on
health care rose from 6.0% of total spending in 1985 to 7.7% in 2005 among families headed by
persons aged 55 to 64. As was discussed in the previous section, the increase in health care
spending resulted entirely from higher spending on health insurance and prescription drugs.
Spending on medical services and supplies fell during the period. Spending on food fell from
16.1% to 14.0% of total expenditures, while transportation fell from 21.5% to 20.1% of spending.
Spending on apparel and services fell from 6.9% of total expenditures in 1985 to 4.0% in 2005.
¢
As with families headed by persons aged 55 to 64, in both 1985 and 2005 the three largest
categories of expenditure among families headed by persons between the ages of 65 and 74 were
housing, transportation, and food. (See Figure 9 and Figure 10.) Together, average spending on
these three categories accounted for 67.2% of total spending in 1985 and 65.6% of total spending
in 2005. The share of spending accounted for by housing rose from 32.3% in 1985 to 34.2% in
2005. Spending on health care rose from 9.5% of spending in 1985 to 11.5% in 2005. Over this
period, average spending on food fell from 16.0% to 13.4% of total spending, and average
spending on transportation fell slightly from 18.8% to 18.0% of total expenditures. As a share of
total expenditures, spending on apparel and services fell from 6.1% in 1985 to 3.6% in 2005.
¢
In 1985, the three largest categories of expenditure among families headed by persons aged 75
and over were housing, transportation, and food, which together accounted for 64.2% of total
spending. (See Figure 11.) By 2005, however, the share of average expenditures accounted for by
health care exceeded average expenditures on either food or transportation among families
headed by persons aged 75 and older. In 2005, housing, health care, and transportation together
accounted for 66.5% of average spending by families headed by persons aged 75 and older. (See
Figure 12.) As a share of total expenditures, housing rose from 34.2% in 1985 to 36.4% in 2005.
Out-of-pocket spending on health care rose from 12.9% of total expenditures in 1985 to 15.9% in
2005. Spending on transportation remained stable at 14% of total spending. As a share of total
expenditures, spending on apparel and services fell from 3.8% in 1985 to 2.2% in 2005. Average
spending on food fell from 15.9% to 12.8% of total spending between 1985 and 2005.
.syevruS erutidnepxE remusnoC 5002 dna 5891 eht fo sisylana SRC :ecruoS
Clothing 4%
20%
36% Transportation
Housing
8%
Healthcare
5%
Entertainment
14% 13%
Food expenditures
All other
46 ot 55 degA daeH ylimaF ,5002 ni serutidnepxE .8 erugiF
Clothing 7%
22%
Transportation
29%
Housing
6%
Healthcare
5%
Entertainment
16% 15%
Food expenditures
All other
46 ot 55 degA daeH ylimaF ,5891 ni serutidnepxE .7 erugiF
¢
.syevruS erutidnepxE remusnoC 5002 dna 5891 eht fo sisylana SRC :ecruoS
Clothing 4%
18%
Transportation
35%
Housing
11%
Healthcare
6%
Entertainment
13% 13%
Food expenditures
All other
47 ot 56 dega daeH ylimaF ,5002 ni serutidnepxE .01 erugiF
Clothing 6%
19%
Transportation
32%
Housing
10%
Healthcare
4%
Entertainment
16% 13%
Food expenditures
All other
47 ot 56 degA daeH ylimaF ,5891 ni serutidnepxE .9 erugiF
¢
.syevruS erutidnepxE remusnoC 5002 dna 5891 eht fo sisylana SRC :ecruoS
Clothing 2%
14%
Transportation
36%
Housing
16%
Healthcare
4%
Entertainment
15%
13% expenditures
Food All other
redlO ro 57 degA daeH ylimaF ,5002 ni serutidnepxE .21 erugiF
Clothing 4%
14%
Transportation
34%
Housing
13%
Healthcare
3%
Entertainment
16%
16% expenditures
Food All other
redlO ro 57 degA daeH ylimaF ,5891 ni serutidnepxE .11 erugiF
¢
¢
¢ ¡
The data presented in Figure 1 through Figure 12 illustrate how consumer expenditures changed
within each of three age categories between 1985 and 2005. However, an average family in which
the family head was aged 55 to 64 in 1985 would have experienced a different change in
expenditures, because over this period they would have moved from the youngest of these three
age groups to the oldest age group. A person who was 75 years old in 2005 and who was
considering how his or her expenditures had changed since the mid-1980s would not necessarily
compare them with the expenditures of an individual who had been 75 years old in 1985. A more
likely frame of reference for this person would be his or her own family's past expenditures. The
change in expenditures that a family experiences is affected not only by changes in the prices and
availability of particular goods and services that occur over a given period of time, but also by the
changes in tastes, preferences, and family income that typically occur as the family ages.
The data displayed in Table 2 illustrate how average expenditures changed for families from
1985 to 2005 as they moved from one age group to another. The top panel of Table 2 shows that
average expenditures among families headed by persons between the ages of 55 and 64 in 1985
were $41,127, measured in 2005 dollars. Ten years later in 1995, an individual who had been 55
to 64 years old in 1985 would have been 65 to 74 years old. Average expenditures among families
headed by persons between the ages of 65 and 74 in 1995 were $31,347, almost $10,000 lower.14
Part of this decline would have been attributable to a decline in family size and part due to lower
income among retired workers.15 Similarly, a family head who was 65 to 74 years old in 1995
would have been 75 or older in 2005. Measured in 2005 dollars, average total expenditures
among families headed by persons aged 75 and older in 2005 were $26,417, or almost $5,000 less
than the average total expenditures of families headed by persons aged 65 to 74 ten years earlier
in 1995.
Just as total spending changes over time as families age, so does the composition of spending. As
shown in the data presented in Figure 7 and Figure 8, among families headed by persons
between the ages of 55 and 64, the percentage of average expenditures attributable to housing
rose from 29% in 1985 to 36% in 2005. The data presented in Figure 11 and Figure 12 show that
among families headed by persons aged 75 and older, the percentage of average expenditures
attributable to housing rose from 34% in 1985 to 36% in 2005. Looking at the second row of
Table 2, we see that for an average family aging from the 55 to 64 age group in 1985 to the 75
and older age group in 2005, average housing expenditures would have risen from 29.6% of total
spending in 1985 to 32.4% of spending in 1995 and to 36.4% of total spending in 2005.
It may seem surprising that housing accounted for a greater share of expenditures in 2005 among
families headed by persons 75 and older than it did in 1985 among families headed by persons
aged 55 to 64. Because a majority of families are homeowners, we might expect the share of
expenditures accounted for by housing to decline as families grow older and pay off their home
mortgages. The percentage of families who own their homes outright with no mortgage does
indeed increase with age. Just 34% of families headed by persons aged 55 to 64 reported owning
14
The data in Table 2 do not represent the spending of the same families in different years, They are from random
samples of families in each year, classified by age of the family head.
15
In 2005, for example, the average size of families headed by persons aged 55 to 64 was 2.1 persons. The average size
of families headed by persons aged 65 to 74 was 1.9 persons, and the average size of families headed by persons aged
75 and older was 1.6 persons.
¢
their homes outright in 2005, compared to 55% of families headed by persons aged 65 to 74, and
68% of families headed by persons aged 75 and older. Nevertheless, even after a mortgage is paid
off, expenses associated with home ownership include property taxes, utilities, maintenance,
repairs, and insurance. Moreover, family income usually drops when the family head and spouse
retire. Consequently, even though the dollar amount spent for housing in 2005 by families headed
by persons aged 75 and older was lower than the inflation-adjusted amount spent in 1985 by
families headed by persons aged 55 to 64, housing accounted for 36.4% of spending by families
headed by persons aged 75 or older in 2005, compared to 29.6% of spending among families
headed by persons aged 55 to 64 in 1985.16
Health care spending is affected both by the greater incidence of illness that occurs as people age
and the more rapid increase in the price of medical care compared to other goods and service.
Because people are more prone to illness as they age, even if the price of medical care rose no
faster than the overall rate of inflation, the percentage of expenditures accounted for by health
care would be expected to rise as people age. However, the price of health care has risen faster
then the overall rate of inflation over a long period, and this has contributed to the rising share of
total family expenditures accounted for by health care since 1985.
Table 2 shows that for families headed by persons 55 to 64 years old in 1985, health care
accounted for 6.0% of total spending, on average. By 1995, health care accounted for 10.7% of
average expenditures among families headed by persons aged 65 to 74. By 2005, health care
accounted for 15.9% of average expenditures among families headed by persons aged 75 and
older. Thus, the average family head aging from 55 to 75 over the period from 1985 to 2005
would have experienced a near tripling of the share of total family expenditures accounted for by
out-of-pocket spending for health insurance, medical goods and services, and prescription drugs.
Each of the other expenditure categories--transportation, food, clothing, entertainment, and other
spending--was lower in both constant dollars and as a share of total spending in 2005 among
families headed by persons aged 75 and older than in 1985 among families headed by persons
aged 55 to 64. In part, this reflects changing preferences among families as they age and also
declining average family size. However, other spending may have been "squeezed out" by
increases in the cost of housing and health care.
slavretnI raeY-01 ta daeH ylimaF fo egA yb ,serutidnepxE egarevA .2 elbaT
)srallod 5002 ni(
egA egA
46 ot 55 47 ot 56 pu dna 57 46 ot 55 47 ot 56 pu dna 57
serutidnepxe latoT latot fo egatnecreP
5891 721,14$ %001
5991 743,13$ %001
5002 714,62$ %001
16
Among families headed by persons aged 65 to 74 in 2005 that owned a home with a mortgage, housing accounted for
40% of expenditures. Among families in this age group that owned a home without a mortgage, housing accounted for
27% of expenditures. Among families headed by persons aged 75 and older in 2005 that owned a home with a
mortgage, housing accounted for 46% of expenditures. Among families in this age group that owned a home without a
mortgage, housing costs accounted for 31% of total expenditures.
.serutidnepxe
suoenallecsim rehto dna ,ecnarusni lanosrep rehto dna efil ,snoitubirtnoc hsac ,stcudorp occabot
dna lohocla ,noitacude ,slairetam gnidaer ,secivres dna stcudorp erac lanosrep edulcni serutidnepxe rehtO .a
.U-IPC eht no desab srallod 5002 ot detsujda erew serutidnepxE :etoN
.sraey suoirav ,yevruS erutidnepxE remusnoC eht fo sisylana SRC :ecruoS
%5.41 738,3$ 5002
%4.31 502,4$ 5991
%9.41 131,6$ 5891
latot fo egatnecreP a serutidnepxe rehto llA
%9.3 230,1$ 5002
%7.4 874,1$ 5991
%0.5 170,2$ 5891
latot fo egatnecreP serutidnepxe tnemniatretnE
%2.2 485$ 5002
%6.4 924,1$ 5991
%9.6 128,2$ 5891
latot fo egatnecreP serutidnepxe gnihtolC
%8.21 883,3$ 5002
%9.51 199,4$ 5991
%1.61 036,6$ 5891
latot fo egatnecreP serutidnepxe dooF
%2.41 457,3$ 5002
%3.81 247,5$ 5991
%5.12 058,8$ 5891
latot fo egatnecreP serutidnepxe noitatropsnarT
%9.51 012,4$ 5002
%7.01 553,3$ 5991
%0.6 954,2$ 5891
latot fo egatnecreP serutidnepxe erac htlaeH
%4.63 216,9$ 5002
%4.23 741,01$ 5991
%6.92 561,21$ 5891
latot fo egatnecreP serutidnepxe gnisuoH
pu dna 57 47 ot 56 46 ot 55 pu dna 57 47 ot 56 46 ot 55
egA egA
¢
¢
¡ ¢
¢
The data displayed in Figure 1 through Figure 12 and in Table 2 illustrate the trends in
consumption expenditures between 1985 and 2005 among American families, classified
according to the age of the family head. Expenditures also vary with other characteristics, such as
marital status, employment, and income. This section of the report presents data from the 2005
Consumer Expenditure Survey that illustrate how family expenditures vary with each of these
characteristics.
Figures 13 through 18 show expenditures in 2005 by age and marital status at the 75th, 50th, and
25th percentiles. For example, Figure 13 shows that among married couples in which the family
head was 55 to 64 years old, quarterly expenditures for housing at the 75th percentile were
approximately $6,600.17 This means that 25% of families had quarterly housing expenditures of
more than this amount, and 75% had expenditures of this amount or less. Median quarterly
housing expenditures by married couples aged 55 to 64 were about $4,100: half spent more than
this amount and half spent less. Quarterly expenditures for housing at the 25th percentile among
married-couple families headed by persons aged 55 to 64 were approximately $2,500 in 2005.
Seventy-five percent of families spent more than this amount and 25% spent this amount or less.
Thus, in 2005, 50% of all married-couple families headed by persons aged 55 to 64 spent between
$2,500 (the 25th percentile) and $6,600 (the 75th percentile) on housing in any given calendar
quarter.
ataD eht tuobA
yevruS erutidnepxE remusnoC 5002 eht morf nekat erew troper eht fo noitces siht ni dezylana atad erutidnepxe ehT
lla fo %59 ot pu serutpac yevrus weivretni eht taht setamitse scitsitatS robaL fo uaeruB ehT .yevrus weivretni
A .snosrep htob fo ega eht ot gnidrocca selpuoc deirram deifissalc ew ,ega ot tcepser htiW .gnidneps dlohesuoh
elpuoc A .redlo ro 56 saw rehtien dna dlo sraey 46 ot 55 saw nosrep rehtie fi 46 ot 55 dega sa deifissalc saw elpuoc
saw elpuoc A .redlo ro 57 dega saw rehtien dna dlo sraey 47 ot 56 saw nosrep rehtie fi 47 ot 56 dega sa deifissalc saw
ot deiduts ew taht elpmas eht detimil eW .dlo sraey 57 tsael saw nosrep rehtie fi redlo ro 57 dega sa deifissalc
.loohcs ot gniog ro ,esuoh gnipeek ,deriter ,gnikrow erew elpuoc deirram a ni snosrep htob ro rehtie hcihw ni seilimaf
dluoc ro delbasid erew yeht esuaceb krow ton did yeht taht detroper nosrep rehtie hcihw ni selpuoc dedulcxe eW
rehto ni dnuof ton era taht serutidnepxe ylimaf no stceffe evah nac tnemyolpmenu dna ytilibasiD .krow dnif ton
serutidnepxe naidem gnitaluclac nI .nemow dna nem deirramnu ot deilppa erew airetirc noitceles emas ehT .seilimaf
.yrogetac taht ni serutidnepxe detroper taht seilimaf esoht ylno dedulcni ew ,gnidneps fo yrogetac cificeps hcae rof
rof serutidnepxe gnivah ylimaf a fo doohilekil ehT .doof dna gnisuoh rof serutidnepxe dah seilimaf lla tsomlA
ni serutidnepxe htiw seilimaf fo segatnecrep ehT .emocni dna ega yb deirav erac htlaeh dna ,gnihtolc ,noitatropsnart
.9A hguorht 4A selbaT ni xidneppA eht ni detroper era yrogetac hcae
¡ ¢
Figure 13 shows quarterly expenditures in 2005 among married-couple families in three age
groups: 55 to 64, 65 to 74, and 75 and older. In 2005:
17
Figures 13 through 36 show quarterly rather than annual expenditures. This is how the expenditures are reported on
the CES data files.
¢
· Median quarterly housing expenditures among married couples aged 55 to 64
were $4,100. Half of all couples in this age group had quarterly housing
expenditures between $2,500 and $6,600.
· Median quarterly housing expenditures among married couples aged 65 to 74
were $3,100. Half of all couples in this age group had quarterly housing
expenditures between $1,700 and $4,800.
· Median quarterly housing expenditures among married couples aged 75 and older
were $2,100. Half of all couples in this age group had quarterly housing
expenditures between $1,200 and $3,400.
The patterns of expenditure were similar for transportation, food, clothing, entertainment, and the
residual category of "other" expenditures: median spending was lower among 65 to 74 year-old
couples than among those aged 55 to 64, and was lowest among couples aged 75 and older. The
only category of expenditure in which spending rose along with the age of the couple was health
care. Median quarterly spending for health care in 2005 was $722 for couples aged 55 to 64,
$1,050 for couples aged 65 to 74, and $1,232 for couples and aged 75 and older.
Figure 14 shows expenditures in the same categories as Figure 13, expressed as a percentage of
total quarterly spending. As a percentage of total spending, there was little difference in median
housing expenditures among married couples across the three age groups. Median expenditures
for housing were 32% of total spending for couples aged 55 to 64, 31% for couples aged 65 to 74,
and 30% for couples aged 75 and older. Although older couples had lower housing expenditures
in dollar terms than younger couples, because they had lower incomes housing still accounted for
nearly a third of median total expenditures among couples aged 75 and older. The range of
spending between the 25th and 75th percentiles also was similar in each age group, accounting for
between 20% and 40% of spending for about half of all couples.
Health care expenditures increased both in dollar terms and as a percentage of expenditure as the
age of the couple increased. Median expenditures for health care were 5% of total spending for
couples aged 55 to 64, 10% for couples aged 65 to 74, and 17% for couples aged 75 and older.
Among couples aged 55 to 64, one-fourth spent 10% or more of total expenditures on health care.
Among couples aged 65 to 74, one-fourth spent 17% or more of total expenditures on health care.
Among couples aged 75 and older, one-fourth spent 27% or more of total expenditures on health
care.
Median expenditures for food increased with age when expressed as a percentage of total
spending, consuming 12% of total spending for couples aged 55 to 64, 14% for couples aged 65
to 74, and 16% for couples aged 75 and older. Median transportation expenditures were lower
among older married couples than among younger couples, accounting for 15% of total spending
for couples aged 55 to 64, 13% for couples aged 65 to 74, and 11% for couples aged 75 and older.
Expenditures on clothing and entertainment were small as a percentage of total spending in each
age group. At the median, clothing accounted for about 2% of spending by married couples, while
entertainment accounted for 3% or less of spending by half of married couples in all three age
categories.
¡ ¢
Figure 15 and Figure 17 show expenditures for unmarried men and unmarried women in 2005
expressed in dollars, while Figure 16 and Figure 18 show spending in each category as a
¢
percentage of total expenditures. Median quarterly total expenditures were lower for unmarried
men and unmarried women than for married couples and total expenditures were lower for
unmarried women than for unmarried men. As was the case with married couples, housing
expenditures declined with age among both unmarried men and unmarried women. (See Figure
15 and Figure 17). As a percentage of total spending, unmarried women had higher housing
expenditures than unmarried men or married couples. At the median, housing accounted for 36%
of total expenditures among unmarried men aged 55 to 64, 33% of spending by unmarried men
aged 65 to 74, and 36% of total expenditures among unmarried men aged 75 and older. (See
Figure 16.) Among unmarried women, median housing expenditures were 38% to 42% of
spending, depending on age. (See Figure 18.)
Unmarried men and women had roughly equal health care spending, both in dollar terms and as a
percentage of spending. Among both unmarried men and women, health care spending increased
with age, whether expressed in dollars or as a percentage of expenditures. Among unmarried men,
median health care expenditures were 5% of total spending for those aged 55 to 64, 10% for those
aged 65 to 74, and 12% for those aged 75 or older. Among unmarried women, median health care
expenditures were 6% of total spending for those aged 55 to 64, 11% for those aged 65 to 74, and
13% for those aged 75 or older. Among unmarried men and unmarried women, median health
care spending was higher for persons aged 65 to 74 than for those aged 55 to 64, but it was not
significantly higher for those aged 75 or older than for those aged 65 to 74. (See Figure 15 and
Figure 17.) It may be that unmarried men and women--who have lower incomes than married
couples--choose to spend less on health care. It also may be that without a spouse present to
encourage them to seek medical care, they are less likely to do so.
Median expenditures for food were very similar for men and women, accounting for 13% to 14%
of spending among those aged 55 to 64 and 15% to 16% of spending by those aged 65 and older.
Among both unmarried men and unmarried women, transportation spending declined as age
increased. Median transportation expenditures were 13% of spending among men aged 55 to 64
and those aged 65 to 74, and 11% among men aged 75 or older. Among unmarried women,
median transportation expenditures were 13% of total spending among those aged 55 to 64, 10%
among those aged 65 to 74, and 8% among those aged 75 or older. Spending on clothing and
entertainment was a small percentage of total expenditures for unmarried men and women,
accounting for about 2% of spending by unmarried men and unmarried women. Entertainment
accounted for about 4% of spending at the median among both unmarried men and unmarried
women.
.yevruS erutidnepxE remusnoC 5002 eht fo sisylana ecivreS hcraeseR lanoissergnoC :ecruoS
25th percentile 50th percentile 75th percentile
000000000000 00000000000000 000000000000
Expenditure Category and Age
75+ 65-74 55-64
Transportation
Transportation
Transportation
Clothing
Clothing
Clothing
Food
Food
Food
Housing
Housing
Housing
Healthcare
Healthcare
Healthcare
Other
Other
Other
Entertainment
Entertainment
Entertainment
$0
000000000 000 000000000 000000000 000000000 000000000 000000000 000000000 000000000
0000000000000000000000000000
000000000 0 0 0 0000000000000000000 000000000 000000000 000000000 000000000 000000000 0000000000000000000000000000 0 0 0 000000000000000000
00000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000 0 0 00000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000
000 00000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000 0 0 0000000000000000000000000000 00000000000 0 00000000000 0000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000 00000000000 0 0 0 0 0
0000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000 0000000 0 0 0000000000000000000000000 0000 0000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000 000000 0000 0000000000000000000000000 00000000000 0 0000000000
0 0 0 0000000000 0 0
0000000000000 00000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000 0 0 00000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000 000000000
00000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 $1,000
00000000000000 0000000000000000000 0000000000000000000
00000000000000000000000
0000 000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000
0 0 00000000000000000000 0000000 00000000000000000000000000000
0000000000 0 0000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000
00000000000 0000000
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000
000000000 00000000000 000 000000000 0000000000000000000 000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000 00000000000 0000000000000000000 000000000000 0000000000000000000000000
00000000000 000000000 00000000000 0000000000000000 000000000 000000000 000000000 000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000 000000000 000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000 $2,000
00000000000000000000000000 000000000 000000000 000000000 00000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000 000000000000 000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000 000000000000 000000000000 000000 0 0 0 0000000000000000000000000
000000 00000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000
000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000 000000000 0 0 00000000000 0000000000000000000 000000 000000000000 $3,000
00000000000 0000000000000000000 000 000000000 0000000000 0 0
00000000000 00000000000 000000000 0 0 0000000000
00000000000 000000000000 000000000000000000000000 $4,000
00000000000 000000000 000000000000000000000
00000000000 000000000
000000000 000000000
00000000000 000000000 $5,000
Quarterly Expenditures
000000000000
000000000
000000000 $6,000
000000000
000000000
$7,000
selpuoC deirraM :knaR elitnecreP yb ,5002 ni serutidnepxE ylretrauQ .31 erugiF
.yevruS erutidnepxE remusnoC 5002 eht fo sisylana ecivreS hcraeseR lanoissergnoC :ecruoS
25th percentile 50th percentile 75th percentile
000000000000 000000000000 00000000000000
Expenditure Category and Age
75+ 65-74 55-64
Other
Clothing
Healthcare
Other
Clothing
Healthcare
Other
Food
Transportation
Housing
Food
Housing
Clothing
Transportation
Healthcare
Food
Transportation
Housing
Entertainment
Entertainment
Entertainment
0.0%
00000000000 0 00000000000 000000000 000000000 0 0 0 0 0 0000000000 0 0 0 0 0 0000000000 000000000 0000000000000000000000000000 000000000 000000000 000000000 000000000 0 0 0 0 0 0000000000 0 0 0 000000000000000000 000000000 0 0 00000000000000000000 00000000000 0 0000000000 0000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000 0 0 0 0 000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0000000000 000000000
0 0 0 0000000000 0 0 00000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000 00000000 0000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000 0 0 000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000 0 0 00000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000 0 0 00000000000 0 0 0 0 0 00000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000 0 0 0 000000000000000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00000000000 0000000000 0 0000000000 00000000000000000000 0 0 0000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000 00000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000 0000000
0 0 0 000000000000000000 0000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000
00000000000 0 00000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000 000000000 000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000
5.0%
0000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000
000000 0000000 0000000000000000000
0000000000 0 0
0000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000 000000000000 0000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000 0 00000000000 0000000000000000000000000 00000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000 10.0%
0000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000 00000000000 00000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000 00000000000000000000000000 000000000000 0000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000 0 0 0000000000000
000000000000
0 0 0 0000000 000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0 0 000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000
000000 0000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000 15.0%
000000000000000 00000000000 000000000000000000000 000 00000000000000000000000 000 0000000000000000000000000000000 000 0000000000000000000000000
00000000000 0 0 0 000000000 0000000
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000 000000 000000 0000000000000000000
0000 000000000000000000 0000000000 0 0 0 0 0 000000000 000 000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000 000000 00000000000 000000000 000000000000000000000000 00000000000 0 0 000000000 000000000
0000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000
00000000000 000 000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000 000000000 000000000 0000000000000000000000000 000000000 0 0 0 000000000000000000 20.0%
000000000000 000000000000
00000000000000000000000000000000000
000 000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000 000000000 00000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000
000000 000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000
000000000 0 0 00000000000 0000000000000000000000000000 25.0%
000000000 0000000000000000000 0000000000000000000 000000000 000000000000000000
000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000 000000000 000000000000 30.0%
000000000 000000000000000000
Share of Expenditures
00000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000
000000000 0000 000000000000000000000000
000000000 00000000000 000 35.0%
000 00000000000 000000000
000000000000 00000000000000 000000000000 40.0%
000000000000 00000000000000 000000000000
00000000000 000000000 45.0%
selpuoC deirraM :knaR elitnecreP yb ,5002 ni serutidnepxE fo erahS .41 erugiF
.yevruS erutidnepxE remusnoC 5002 eht fo sisylana ecivreS hcraeseR lanoissergnoC :ecruoS
25th percentile 0000 50th percentile 0000 75th percentile 0000
000000000000 000000000000 000000000000
Expenditure Category and Age
75+ 65-74 55-64
Transportation
Clothing
Transportation
Transportation
Clothing
Clothing
Food
Food
Food
Housing
Housing
Housing
Healthcare
Healthcare
Healthcare
Other
Other
Other
Entertainment
Entertainment
Entertainment
$0
00000000000000000000000000000 000000000 000000000 0000 000000000 000000000 000000000 000000 000000000 000000 0 0 0 0000000000000000000 000000000 000000000 000000000 000000000 000000000 000000000 0 0 0 0000000000 0 0
000000
0000000000000000000000000000000 0 0 00000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000 0000000000 00000000000 00000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000
0000000000 0000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000 0000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000 00000000000 0 00000000000 0000000 0000000000000000000000 00000000000 0 0000000000
000000 00000000000000
000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000 $500
0000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000 0000000000000000000 000000 0 0 00000000000000000000 000 000000000000000000000000000000 0 0 00000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000 0000 000 0000000 0 0 000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000
000000000 00000000000 0000000000000000000000000000 000000000 000000 00000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000 00000000000 0000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000
000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000
00000000000 00000000000 000000000 00000000000000000000 00000000000 0000000000 0 0 $1,000
000000000 00000000000 00000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000 000000000000 000000 000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000
000000 000000000000 000000000000 0000000000000 00000000000000000000000000 000000 000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000000 000000 000000 000000 $1,500
0000000000000000000 000000000 000000000
0000000000000000000
0000000000000
000000000000000
00000000000000000000 000000000 000000000
0000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000 00000000000000000000000 000000000 000000000000
00000000000 000000000 000000000 000000000000000000
$2,000
00000000000 00000000000000 000000000000 000000000000
00000000000 000 000000000000000000
00000000000 000000000 $2,500
00000000000 000000000 000000000000000000000
00000000000
0000 000000000 $3,000
00000000000000 000000000000
Quarterly Expenditures
00000000000 000000000 $3,500
000
000000000
000000000000 $4,000
000000000000
000
000000000 $4,500
neM deirramnU :knaR elitnecreP yb ,5002 ni serutidnepxE ylretrauQ .51 erugiF
.yevruS erutidnepxE remusnoC 5002 eht fo sisylana ecivreS hcraeseR lanoissergnoC :ecruoS
25th percentile 50th percentile 75th percentile
000000000000 000000000000 000000000000
Expenditure Category and Age
75+ 65-74 55-64
Clothing
Clothing
Clothing
Transportation
Housing
Transportation
Housing
Transportation
Housing
Other
Entertainment
Entertainment
Entertainment
Healthcare
Food
Other
Healthcare
Food
Other
Healthcare
Food
0.0%
000000000 000000000 000 000000000 0000000000 0 0000000000 0000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000 000000000 000000000 000000000 000 000000000 000000000 000000000 00000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000 0 0 000000000000 0 0
00000000000 0 0 0 0 0 00000000000 0 00000000000 0 0 000000000000000000000000
0 0 0 000000000000000000 0000000000 0 0 0000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000 000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000
0000000000000 0000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000
0 0 000000000000 0 0
0000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000
000000 00000000000 0 0 0 0 0
000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000 0 0 0 0 0
00000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000000 0 0
0000000000000000000000000
5.0%
0 0 0 000000000 000 00000000000000000000000000000 0 0 00000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000 0 0 00000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000
0000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000 0000000000000000000 000000000000000000 0000000000000000000 000000000 10.0%
000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000 0000000000 0 0 0 0 0 00000000000000000000000000000000000
000000 000000000000000000
00000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000 0 0 00000000000000000000 000000000 00000000000 0 00000000000 0000000000000000000 0000000000000000000 0000000000 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 00000000000000000000
000000000 00000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000 000000 000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000
15.0%
000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000 000000000000 000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000 000000000000 000000 00000000000000000000000000 0000000
000000000000 0000000
000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000 000000000 000 000 000000000 000000000000000 0000000 00000000000000
0000
00000000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000 0000000 000000 0000000000000000000000000000 000000 000000 00000000000000000000 0 0 00000000000 0000000000000000000000000000 20.0%
00000000000 000000000 0000000000000000000000000000 000000000 000000000 000000000 0 0 0 0 0 00000000000 00000000000000000000
000000 00000000000 0000000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 25.0%
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000 000000000 0000000000000000000000000000
00 0 0 00000000000 000000000 0000000000000000000
00000000000000000 0000000000000000000 000000000
30.0%
0000000000000000000 0000000000000000000
000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000 0000000000000000000 35.0%
00000000000 0000000000000000000
Share of Expenditures
00000000000000000000000
00000000000000 000000000000 40.0%
000000000 00000000000 000000000
000000000 0000
000 00000000000 000000000 45.0%
000000000000 00000000000000 000000000
000000000000 000000000 50.0%
55.0%
neM deirramnU :knaR elitnecreP yb ,5002 ni serutidnepxE fo erahS .61 erugiF
.yevruS erutidnepxE remusnoC 5002 eht fo sisylana ecivreS hcraeseR lanoissergnoC :ecruoS
25th percentile 50th percentile 75th percentile
000000000000 000000000000 000000000000
Expenditure Category and Age
75+ 65-74 55-64
Transportation
Transportation
Transportation
Clothing
Clothing
Clothing
Food
Food
Food
Housing
Housing
Housing
Healthcare
Healthcare
Healthcare
Other
Other
Other
Entertainment
Entertainment
Entertainment
0000000000000000000 0000000000000000000 0000000000000000000 00000000000000000000 0000000000000000000 $0
0000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000 00000000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000 000000000000000 0000000 0000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000 0000 0000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000 0 0 0 0000000000000000000 0000000000 0 0 0 0 0
000000 0000000000000 0000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000 0000000000000 000000 0000000000000 0 0 0 0000000000 0 0
00000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000 000000000000 0000000 0000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000 $500
000 0000000000000000000 0000000000000000000 000000000000000000 0 0 0 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000
0000000000000000000 000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000
000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000
000000000 000000 0 0 0 000000000000000000 0 0 0 000 000000000
000000000000000000000
0000000000 0 0 0000000 0 0 0000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000
00000000000 000000000 000000000
00000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000 000000000 000000000 000000000000000000 0 0 0 000000000 000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000 $1,000
000000000000 000000000000 000000000 000000000000000000000000 000000 00000000000000000000000000
0000000 0000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000 000000000000 000000000000 00000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000 $1,500
0000000000000000 000000000 0000 0000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000000 0000000000000000000
0000000 0 0 00000000000 000000000 00000000000 0000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000
00000000000 0000000000000000000 000000000 0000000000 0 0
$2,000
0000000 00000000000 000000000000 00000000000000000000
00000000000 00000000000 0000000000000000000 $2,500
00000000000 00000000000 00000000000000000000000
00000000000 00000000000 $3,000
00000000000000 00000000000000
Quarterly Expenditures
00000000000 $3,500
00000000000
00000000000
00000000000000 $4,000
00000000000
$4,500
nemoW deirramnU :knaR elitnecreP yb ,5002 ni serutidnepxE ylretrauQ .71 erugiF
.yevruS erutidnepxE remusnoC 5002 eht fo sisylana ecivreS hcraeseR lanoissergnoC :ecruoS
25th percentile 50th percentile 75th percentile
000000000000 000000000000 000000000000
Expenditure Category and Age
75+ 65-74 55-64
Clothing
Transportation
Housing
Clothing
Transportation
Housing
Clothing
Transportation
Housing
Other
Healthcare
Other
Food
Healthcare
Other
Food
Healthcare
Food
Entertainment
Entertainment
Entertainment
0000000000000000000 0000000000000 0000000000000000000 0000000000000000000 00000000000000000000 0000000000000000000 0000000000000000000 0000000000000000000 0000000000000000000 0.0%
0000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000 0000000000 0 0 0 0 0 0000000000000000000000000000 0 0 0 0000000000000000000 0000000000 0 0 0 0 0 0000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000 0 0 0000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000 0000000000 0 0 0 0 0 0000000000 0 0 0 0 0 0000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000 0 0 00000000000000000000 0 0 0000000000 0 0 00000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000 0 0 0 000000 0000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000 000000 00000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000
5.0%
0000000000000000000 000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000 00000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000 0000000000 0 0 0000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000 000000000000 0000000 00000000000000000000000000
00000000000 0 0 0 0 0
0000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000 0 0 0 0000000000000000000 0 0 00000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000
000 0000000000 0 00000000000 0 0 00000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000 0 0 0
0000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000 0000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000 000000000 0000000000000000000000000000
000000 0000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000 10.0%
000000 0000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000 000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000
000000 000000000 000000000000000000000000
000000000 0000000000000 000000000 00000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000
0000000 0000000000000000000 000000000 0000000000 0 00000000000 0000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000000000000 000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000 0000 000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000 0000000 15.0%
000000000000 00000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000
00000000000000000000000000000000
000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000 000000 000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000
0000 000
000000 00000000000000000000000000000 000000000 000 000000000 000000000 0000 0000000000000000000000000
20.0%
00000000000 000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000
000000000 00000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000 000 00000000000 00000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000 0 0 00000000000000000000 25.0%
00000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000
30.0%
00000000000000000000000000000 0 0 00000000000 0000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000 0000000000000000000 0000000000000000000 35.0%
0000000000000000000 0000000000000000000 0000000000000000
Share of Expenditures
00000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000
40.0%
0000000000000000000 00000000000 0000000000000000000
0000000000000000000 00000000000 00000000000
0000 45.0%
00000000000 00000000000 00000000000000
00000000000000 00000000000000 00000000000000 50.0%
00000000000 00000000000
00000000000 55.0%
00000000000
nemoW deirramnU :knaR elitnecreP yb ,5002 ni serutidnepxE fo erahS .81 erugiF
¢
¡ ¢ ¢
Figures 19 through 24 illustrate how expenditures varied in 2005 by marital status and
employment among people 55 and older.18 Couples were classified as "working" if either member
reported having worked in the year prior to the date of the survey. Couples were classified as
"retired" if both members reported that they did not work in the last 12 months, and the reasons
given for each were that they were retired, keeping house, or going to school. Couples in which
either member reported that they did not work because they were disabled or could not find work
were excluded from the analysis. The same selection criteria were used for unmarried men and
unmarried women.19
Among married couples, median housing expenditures were highest among those 55 to 64 years
old in which one or both members worked and were lowest among those 65 and older in which
neither person worked. (See Figure 19.) Health care expenditures were higher among couples in
which at least one person was aged 65 or older than among couples aged 55 to 64. Among
couples 65 and older, median quarterly health care expenditures were roughly equal, regardless of
whether either of them was employed.
Median housing expenditures were 32% of total spending for couples aged 55 to 64 in which one
or both worked and 34% among couples in this age group in which neither worked. Median
housing expenditures were 31% of total spending for couples aged 65 and older, regardless of
employment status. (See Figure 20.) Median health care expenditures varied significantly as a
percentage of spending among married couples, based on their age and employment status.
Median health care expenditures were just 5% of total spending among married couples aged 55
to 64 in which one or both worked, and 15% percent of total expenditures in couples aged 65 or
older in which neither worked. Twenty-five percent of couples aged 55 to 64 in which one or both
members worked spent 2% or less of total expenditures on health care, while 25% of couples
aged 65 or older in which neither person worked, spent 25% or more of total expenditures on
health care.
Median spending on food was 12% to 16% of total expenditures, depending on age and
employment status. Twenty-five percent of couples aged 55 to 64 spent 8% or less of
expenditures on food, regardless of employment status, while 25% of couples aged 65 and older
in which neither worked spent 23% or more of total expenditures on food. Transportation
accounted for 12% to 15% of the median spending of married couples, depending on age and
employment.
¡ ¢ ¢
At the median, unmarried men and women in the same age and employment categories had very
similar quarterly housing expenditures, expressed in dollar terms. (See Figure 21 and Figure 23.)
As a percentage of total spending, median housing expenditures were higher for unmarried men
aged 55 to 64 who did not work (44%) than for unmarried working men in the same age group
18
With the addition of the employment variable in these figures, the number of age categories has been reduced to two:
55 to 64 and 65 or older. This maintains adequate sample sizes for the analysis and also allows us to include both the
working and retired populations in a single chart for each category of marital status.
19
Individuals also were excluded if they reported that they did not work but gave no reason why.
¢
(34%). (See Figure 22.) Retired unmarried men 65 and older spent 36% of total expenditures on
housing at the median, compared to 30% for unmarried men aged 65 and older who worked.
Median expenditures on housing by unmarried women aged 55 to 64 who worked were 38% of
total spending, compared to 40% for women aged 55 to 64 who did not work. (See Figure 24.)
Among unmarried women 65 and older, median housing expenditures were 41% of spending
among those who were not working and 35% among those who worked.
Among both unmarried men and unmarried women, health care expenditures were a greater
percentage of total spending for those who were not working than for those who were employed.
Among working unmarried men aged 55 to 64, median health care spending was 4% of total
spending, while among nonworking unmarried men aged 55 to 64, median health care spending
was 8% of total spending. Among working unmarried women aged 55 to 64, median health care
spending was 5% of total spending, while among nonworking unmarried women aged 55 to 64,
median health care spending was 7% of total spending. Health care accounted for 2% or less of
total spending for one-fourth of working unmarried men aged 55 to 64, but it accounted for 14%
or more of spending for one-fourth of unmarried men aged 55 to 64 who did not work. Among
working unmarried women aged 55 to 64, one-fourth spent 3% or less of total spending on health
care, while one-fourth of those who did not work spent 14% or more of expenditures on health
care. Among unmarried men aged 65 or older who worked, median health care spending was 9%
of total spending, compared to 12% among unmarried men 65 or older who did not work. Among
unmarried women aged 65 or older who worked, median health care spending was 10% of total
spending, compared to 13% among unmarried women 65 or older who did not work.
Expressed in dollars, unmarried men had significantly higher transportation expenditures and
slightly higher food expenditures than unmarried women, both among those who were working
and those who were not working. As a percentage of total expenditures, median spending for
transportation differed relatively little between employment categories among either unmarried
men or unmarried women. Median transportation expenditures ranged from 11% to 15% of total
spending by unmarried men, depending on age and employment status, and from 9% to 13% of
spending by unmarried women. Spending on food was similar among unmarried men and
unmarried women. At the median, among those aged 55 to 64 unmarried men and unmarried
women spent 12% to 15% of total expenditures on food. Among those aged 65 and older, median
expenditures on food accounted for 13% to 17% of total spending.
.yevruS erutidnepxE remusnoC 5002 eht fo sisylana ecivreS hcraeseR lanoissergnoC :ecruoS
25th percentile 50th percentile 75th percentile
000000000000 000000000000 000000000000
Expenditure Category, Employment, and Age
Not working, 65+ Working, 65+ Not working, 55-64 Working, 55-64
Transportation
Housing
Transportation
Housing
Transportation
Housing
Transportation
Housing
Healthcare
Food
Healthcare
Food
Healthcare
Food
Healthcare
Food
$0
000000000000 000000000000 000000000000 000000000000 00000000000 000000000000 000000000000 000000000000 00000000000 000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000 0 0 0 00000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000 0 0 0 0 0000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000 0 0 0 000000000000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000 0 0 0000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0000000000000000 0 0 0 00000000000000000000000000 00000000000000 0 0 0000000000000 00000000 0 0 0 0 000000000000000000000000 0000000000000 0 0 00000000000000 0 0 0 0000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000000000000 0 0 0 000000000000000 0 0 0 0000000000000000000000000000000000000 $1,000
000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0 0 0 0000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000 00000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000 00000000000000 0000000000000000000000000 000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
000000000000 000000000000 000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000 0 0 0 00000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000
000000000000 000000000000 00000000000000 000000000000000000000000 000000000000 00000000000000 00000000 000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000 00000000 00000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000 $2,000
00000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000 000000000000 000000000000 00000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000
0000
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000
000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000 0000000000000000 0 0 0 00000000000000000000000000000000000
000000000000 0000000000000000 000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000 000000000000 00000000000000000 $3,000
000000000000 00000000000000000000 00000000 0000 0000000000000000000000000
000000000000 000000000000000000000000
00000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000 0000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000 000000000000 000000000 0000000000000000000000000 $4,000
000000000000 00000000000000 0000000000000000000000000
000000000000 00000000000000 00000000000000
000000000000 00000000000000
00000 00000000000000
Quarterly Expenditures
$5,000
0000000000000000 000000000000000000 000000000000000000
00000000000000 00000000000000
00000000000000 $6,000
00000000000000
000000000000000000
00000000000000 $7,000
tnemyolpmE yb ,selpuoC deirraM :knaR elitnecreP yb ,5002 ni serutidnepxE ylretrauQ .91 erugiF
.yevruS erutidnepxE remusnoC 5002 eht fo sisylana ecivreS hcraeseR lanoissergnoC :ecruoS
25th percentile 50th percentile 75th percentile
000000000000 000000000000 000000000000
Expenditure Category, Employment, and Age
Not working, 65+ Working, 65+ Not working, 55-64 Working, 55-64
Transportation
Housing
Transportation
Housing
Transportation
Housing
Transportation
Housing
Healthcare
Food
Healthcare
Food
Healthcare
Food
Healthcare
Food
0.0%
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000 000000000000 0 0 0 0000000000000 0 0 0 0 00000000000 000000000000 0000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0000000000000 000000000000 00000000000 000000000000 000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000000000000 0 0 0 0000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000 0 0 00000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000000000000000 0 0 0 00000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000 0 0 0 0000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000
000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 5.0%
0000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0 0 0 000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000 0 0 0 0 000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00000000000000 00000000000000000000 0 0 0 0 000000000000000000000000 0 0 0 00000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000 000000000000 0000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000 10.0%
0000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000
0 0 0 00000000000000000 000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000
00000000 000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0 0 0 0 00000000000000000
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 15.0%
00000000 0000000000000000000000000 00000000000000 000000000000 00000000000000 000000000000 00000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000
000000000 00000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 000000000000000000000000 00000000 00000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 000000000000000000000000
000000000000
0000
00000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000
0000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000 20.0%
000000000000 000000000000 00000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000 000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000
000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000
000000000000 000000000000 000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000
000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 25.0%
000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000 30.0%
000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000
000000000000 000000000000 00000000000000
Share of Expenditures
0000000000000000000000000000000000 35.0%
000000000000 000000000000 00000000000000
00000000 00000000 00000000000000 000000000
000000000000 000000000000 00000000000000 00000000000000 40.0%
000000000000 000000000000 00000000000000 00000000000000
000000000000000000 45.0%
00000000000000
50.0%
tnemyolpmE yb ,selpuoC deirraM :knaR elitnecreP yb ,5002 ni serutidnepxE fo erahS .02 erugiF
.yevruS erutidnepxE remusnoC 5002 eht fo sisylana ecivreS hcraeseR lanoissergnoC :ecruoS
25th percentile 50th percentile 75th percentile
00000000000000 000000000000 000000000000
Expenditure Category, Employment, and Age
Not working, 65+ Working, 65+ Not working, 55-64 Working, 55-64
Transportation
Housing
Transportation
Housing
Transportation
Housing
Transportation
Housing
Healthcare
Food
Healthcare
Food
Healthcare
Food
Healthcare
Food
$0
000000000000 00000000000000000000000000 0 0 0 000000000000000000000000 0 0 0 0 000 000000000000 000000000000 0000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 000000000000000000000000 00000000 000000000000 0000 0000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000 00000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000 0 0 0 00000000000000000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000 0 0 0 000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000 0 0 0000000000000
000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 $500
0000000000000 0 0 00000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000 00000000000000 0 0 0000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000
000000000000 0000000000000000000000000 0 0 0 00000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000
000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000 0 0 00000000000000
0000 000000000000000000000000 0 0 0 000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
000000000000 00000000000000 000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000000000 00000 000000000000000000000000 00000000000000 0 0 0 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
000000000000 00000000 0000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000 0 0 0 0 $1,000
000000000000 00000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000 00000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000 000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000 0 0 00000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000
0 0 0 00000000000000000 000000000000000000 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 00000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000 000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000 00000000 00000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000 00000000000000000 00000000 00000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 $1,500
00000000 000000000000 000000000000000000000000 000000000000 0000000000000000000000000 000000000000 000000000000
00000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
000000000000 00000000 000000000000 0000000000000000000000000 000000000000 000000000000000000000
0000 $2,000
000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000
00000000 000000000000 0000000000000000000000000 0 0 0 00000000000000
000000000000 000000000000 000000000 $2,500
00000
00000000000000000000000000000
000000000000
000000000000 00000000000000 00000000000000000000000000
00000000000000 00000000000000 $3,000
000000000000
0000 00000000000000 00000000000000
0000000000000000 000000000000000000 000000000000000000 $3,500
Quarterly Expenditures
000000000000 00000000000000 00000000000000
00000 00000000000000 $4,000
00000000000000 00000
000000000000000000 000000000000000000 $4,500
000000000000000000
$5,000
tnemyolpmE yb ,neM deirramnU :knaR elitnecreP yb ,5002 ni serutidnepxE ylretrauQ .12 erugiF
.yevruS erutidnepxE remusnoC 5002 eht fo sisylana ecivreS hcraeseR lanoissergnoC :ecruoS
25th percentile 50th percentile 75th percentile
000000000000 000000000000 000000000000
Expenditure Category, Employment, and Age
Not working, 65+ Working, 65+ Not working, 55-64 Working, 55-64
Transportation
Housing
Transportation
Housing
Transportation
Housing
Transportation
Housing
Healthcare
Food
Healthcare
Food
Healthcare
Food
Healthcare
Food
0.0%
000000000000 000000000000 0000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 000000000000 000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000 000000000000 000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000 000000000000 00000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000 00000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000 0 0 0 00000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0 0 0 00000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
000000000 0 0 0 10.0%
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000 00000000 000000000000000000000000 00000000 000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000 0000000000000000000000000 0000000000000 0 0 00000000000000
000000000000000000000000 00000000 000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000
00000000000000 0 0 0000000000000
00000000000000000000000000 0 0 0 00000000000000 0000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000 0000000000000000000000000 000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000
000000000
00000000000000000000000000000000
00000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000
00000000 000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000000000000000000
00000000
000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000
000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000 000000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000
0000 000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000
0000000000000000
0000
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
000000000000
0000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
000000000000 000000000000 000000000000000000000 20.0%
000000000000 00000000000000 00000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 000000000000000000000000 000000000000
0 0 0 0 000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000
000000000000
0000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000
000000000000 000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000
0000000000000 0 0 0
00000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000 30.0%
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000
0000
000000000000000000000000 000000000000 0000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000 000000000000 0000000000000000000000000
00000000 00000000000000
000000000000 00000000000000 40.0%
Share of Expenditures
0000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000
000000000000 00000000000000
00000000 000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000
000000000000 00000000000000
000000000000 50.0%
000000000000000000
000000000000000000
00000000000000
60.0%
tnemyolpmE yb ,neM deirramnU :knaR elitnecreP yb ,5002 ni serutidnepxE fo erahS .22 erugiF
.yevruS erutidnepxE remusnoC 5002 eht fo sisylana ecivreS hcraeseR lanoissergnoC :ecruoS
25th percentile 50th percentile 75th percentile
000000000000 000000000000 00000000000000
Expenditure Category, Employment, and Age
Not working, 65+ Working, 65+ Not working, 55-64 Working, 55-64
Transportation
Housing
Transportation
Housing
Transportation
Housing
Transportation
Housing
Healthcare
Food
Healthcare
Food
Healthcare
Food
Healthcare
Food
$0
000000000000 00000000000000000000000000 0 0 0 0000000000000 0 0 00000000000000 000 00000000 000000000000 00000000000 000000000000 000000000000 00000000 000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000 0 0 0 00000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 00000000000000000000000000
0 0 0 00000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000 0 0 0 00000000000000000000000000 0 0 0 00000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000 0 0 0 0
$500
000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000 0 0 0 00000000000000 0 0 0000000000000 0 0 0 0 000000000000 00000000000000 0 0 0000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000
000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000 0000000000000000000000000 00 000000000000000000000000 00000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000
00000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000 0000 000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000
000000000000 000000000000 00000000000000
000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000 000000000000 00000000000000000000000000 0 0 0 00000000000000 000000000000 000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000 $1,000
0000000000000000 00000000000000 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000
000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000
000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000 00000000 0 0 0 00000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000
00000000
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 $1,500
00000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000 000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000
000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000
000000000000 0 0 0 0000000000000 0000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000 $2,000
0000 000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000 000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000 $2,500
000000000000 000000000000 00000000000000 0000000000000000000000000
000000000000 00000000000000 000000000 $3,000
000000000000 00000000000000 00000000000000
0000000000000000 00000000000000 00000000000000 $3,500
Quarterly Expenditures
00000000000000 00000000000000
00000000000000 000000000
00000000000000 $4,000
00000000000000
$4,500
$5,000
tnemyolpmE yb ,nemoW deirramnU :knaR elitnecreP yb ,5002 ni serutidnepxE ylretrauQ .32 erugiF
.yevruS erutidnepxE remusnoC 5002 eht fo sisylana ecivreS hcraeseR lanoissergnoC :ecruoS
*
25th percentile 00000000 50th percentile 00000000 75th percentile 000000000
000000000000 000000000000 00000000000000
Expenditure Category, Employment, and Age
Not working, 65+ Working, 65+ Not working, 55-64 Working, 55-64
Transportation
Housing
Transportation
Housing
Transportation
Housing
Transportation
Housing
Healthcare
Food
Healthcare
Food
Healthcare
Food
Healthcare
Food
0.0%
0000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000 000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000 00000000 0000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000
00000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0000000000000 0 0 0 00000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0000000000000 0 0 00000000000000 0000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00000000000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 5.0%
0000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000 0 0 00000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0 0 0 00000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000 0 0 0 00000000000000000000000000 0000000000000 0 0 00000000000000 0000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000 0 0 0 0000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000 000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000 10.0%
000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000 0 0 00000000000000 000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00000000000000 00000000000000 0000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000 0000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000 000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000 0000000000000000000000000 000000000 00000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000
15.0%
00000 00000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000
00000
0000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000
00000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000 000000000000000000 000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000
00000 00000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000 000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 20.0%
000000000000 00000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000 000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000
000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000 25.0%
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0 0 0 00000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000 30.0%
0 0 0 00000000000000 0000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000 35.0%
0000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000 40.0%
Share of Expenditures
00000000000000 00000000000000 00000000000000 00000000000000
00000000000000 00000 000000000 45.0%
00000000000000 00000000000000 00000000000000 00000000000000
00000000000000 000000000000000000 00000000000000 50.0%
000000000000000000
00000000000000 55.0%
60.0%
tnemyolpmE yb ,nemoW deirramnU :knaR elitnecreP yb ,5002 ni serutidnepxE fo erahS .42 erugiF
¢
¡ ¢
Figure 25 through Figure 36 illustrate how expenditures varied in 2005 by marital status and
income among people aged 55 and older. Family income in the 12 months preceding the date of
the survey is shown in three categories: under $30,000; $30,000 to $70,000; and above $70,000.20
Among married couples, spending on housing was higher in all three income categories at the
25th, 50th, and 75th percentiles for couples aged 55 to 64 than for couples aged 65 and older. In all
three income categories, spending on health care was higher among couples aged 65 and older
than among couples aged 55 to 64. (See Figure 25 and Figure 27.)
Among married couples aged 55 to 64, median expenditures for housing were 34% of total
spending for those with annual income under $30,000, 32% for those with income between
$30,000 and $70,000, and 31% for those with income over $70,000. (Figure 26.) One fourth of
couples aged 55 to 64 with incomes above $70,000 spent 23% or less of total expenditures on
housing, while one-fourth of those with incomes under $30,000 spent 47% or more of total
expenditures on housing. Among married couples 65 and older, median housing expenditures
were 31% of total spending in all three income categories. One-fourth of married couples 65 and
older with incomes above $70,000 spent 21% or less of total expenditures on housing, while 25%
of those with incomes under $30,000 spent 42% or more of their total expenditures on housing.
(See Figure 28.)
As a percentage of spending, health care accounted for a greater share of total expenditures
among couples 65 and older than among those aged 55 to 64 at the 25th, 50th, and 75th expenditure
percentiles at all three income levels. Median health care spending ranged from a low of 4% of
total expenditures among couples aged 55 to 64 with income over $70,000 to a high of 17% of
spending among couples 65 and older with income under $30,000. Twenty-five percent of
couples aged 65 and older with income under $30,000 spent 27% or more of total expenditures on
health care. At the other extreme, one-fourth of couples aged 55 to 64 with income of $70,000 or
more spent 2% or less of their total expenditures on health care.
Median transportation spending ranged from 12% to 15% of total expenditures, and varied little
by income. Median spending on food was 16% to 18% of total expenditures among couples with
incomes under $30,000, compared to 11% among couples with incomes over $70,000. Twenty-
five percent of couples in both age groups with incomes over $70,000 spent 8% or less of
expenditures on food, while one-fourth of couples with incomes under $30,000 spent 23% or
more of their total expenditures on food.
¡ ¢
Among both unmarried men and unmarried women, expenditures on housing rose with income,
and within income groups spending on housing was higher among those aged 55 to 64 than
among those aged 65 and older. (See Figures 29, 31, 33, and 35.) Health care spending also rose
with income, and spending on health care was higher among unmarried men and women aged 65
and older than among those aged 55 to 64.
20
In the Consumer Expenditure Survey, annual income in the year preceding the date of the survey is reported in broad
categories. The lowest category is "less than $5,000" and the highest category is "$70,000 or more." Beginning with
the 2004 survey, income is imputed for families that did not report their income on the survey.
¢
Although median housing expenditures rose with income when expressed in dollars, as a
percentage of total spending, housing expenditures declined as income rose among both
unmarried men and unmarried women. Housing also was a smaller percentage of expenditures
among unmarried men and women aged 65 and older than among those aged 55 to 64, except for
women with incomes under $30,000. (See Figures 30, 32, 34, and 36.) Among unmarried men,
median housing expenditures ranged from a low of 28% among those 65 and older with incomes
over $70,000 to a high of 41% among those aged 55 to 64 with incomes under $30,000. Among
unmarried women, median housing expenditures ranged from a low of 29% among those 65 and
older with incomes over $70,000 to a high of 42% among those aged 65 or older with incomes
under $30,000. One-fourth of unmarried men and unmarried women with incomes under $30,000
spent more than half of their total expenditures on housing.
Both unmarried men and unmarried women generally had higher spending for health care at age
65 and older than at ages 55 to 64. Among men, median health care spending was lowest for those
aged 55 to 64 with incomes above $70,000, accounting for just 4% of their total spending, and
was highest among men 65 and older with incomes under $30,000, accounting for 12% of
spending by this group. Twenty-five percent of unmarried men aged 65 and older with incomes
under $30,000 spent 18% or more of total expenditures on health care, while one-fourth of those
aged 55 to 64 with incomes over $70,000 spent just 2% of total expenditures on health care.
Among unmarried women, median health care spending ranged from a low of 5% among those
aged 55 to 64 with incomes above $70,000 to a high of 13% among those 65 and older with
incomes under $30,000. Twenty-five percent of unmarried women aged 65 and older with
incomes under $30,000 spent 22% or more of total expenditures on health care, while one-fourth
of those aged 55 to 64 with incomes over $70,000 spent just 2% of total expenditures on health
care.
Median transportation spending fell into fairly narrow ranges of 11% to 13% of total spending
among unmarried men and 9% to 13% of total spending among unmarried women across the age
and income categories. Median spending on food ranged from 10% to 18% among unmarried
men and 9% to 16% among unmarried women. One-fourth of unmarried men aged 55 or older
with incomes under $30,000 spent 23% or more of total expenditures on food, and one-fourth of
unmarried women aged 55 or older with incomes under $30,000 spent 21% or more of total
expenditures on food. For one-fourth of unmarried men and women with incomes of $70,000 or
more, food accounted for 7% or less of total spending.
.yevruS erutidnepxE remusnoC 5002 eht fo sisylana ecivreS hcraeseR lanoissergnoC :ecruoS
25th percentile 50th percentile 75th percentile
000000000000 000000000000 000000000000
Expenditure Category and Annual Family Income
55-64, >$70,000 55-64, $30,000-$70,000 55-64, <$30,000
Healthcare
Housing
Healthcare
Housing
Healthcare
Food
Transportation
Food
Transportation
Food
Transportation
Housing
$0
0000000000000000 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 $1,000
000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 0000000000000000000 0 0 0 00000000000000000 00000000000000000000000
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000 00000000000000000 0 0 0 0 00000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 0000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000 000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000 00000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000 $2,000
00000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000 00000000000
00000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
$3,000
00000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000
00000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000 00000000000
00000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000 00000000000000000 $4,000
00000000000000000 00000000000000000000000
00000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000 $5,000
0000000000000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000 $6,000
000000000000000000
Quarterly Expenditures
000000000000000000000000 $7,000
000000000000000000
000000000000000000
000000000000000000 $8,000
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000 $9,000
emocnI yb ,46-55 degA selpuoC deirraM :knaR elitnecreP yb ,5002 ni serutidnepxE ylretrauQ .52 erugiF
.yevruS erutidnepxE remusnoC 5002 eht fo sisylana ecivreS hcraeseR lanoissergnoC :ecruoS
25th percentile 50th percentile 75th percentile
000000000000 000000000000 000000000000
Expenditure Category and Annual Family Income
55-64, >$70,000 55-64, $30,000-$70,000 55-64, <$30,000
Healthcare
Housing
Healthcare
Housing
Healthcare
Food
Transportation
Food
Transportation
Food
Transportation
Housing
0.0%
0000000000000000 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 000000000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 000000000000000000 0000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000 0 0 0 00000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 0000000000000000000 0 0 0 0
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0 0 0 0 0 0000000000000000000000000000000000
5.0%
000000 0 0 0 0 0 000000000000000000000000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 0000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 00000000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
10.0%
00000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000 00000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 0000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 15.0%
00000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000 000000000000000000 00000000000000000 0 0 0 0 00000000000000000 000000000000000000 00000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 20.0%
00000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000 0 0 0 0 000000000000000000 00000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000 25.0%
00000
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 30.0%
000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000 00000000000
Share of Expenditures
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 35.0%
00000000000000000 00000000000000000 000000
00000000000 00000000000 000000000000000000
00000000000000000 00000000000000000 000000000000000000
40.0%
00000000000000000 00000000000000000 000000000000000000000000 45.0%
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000
50.0%
emocnI yb ,46-55 degA selpuoC deirraM :knaR elitnecreP yb ,5002 ni serutidnepxE fo erahS .62 erugiF
.yevruS erutidnepxE remusnoC 5002 eht fo sisylana ecivreS hcraeseR lanoissergnoC :ecruoS
25th percentile 50th percentile 75th percentile
00000000000000 000000000000 000000000000
Expenditure Category and Annual Family Income
65+, >$70,000 65+, $30,000-$70,000 65+, <$30,000
Healthcare
Housing
Healthcare
Housing
Healthcare
Food
Transportation
Food
Transportation
Food
Transportation
Housing
$0
00000000000000000000000000000000000 0 0 0 0 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000 0000000000 00000000000 0000000000000000 00000000000 00000000000 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 0000000000000000
0 0 0 0 0 0000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000 $1,000
0000000000000000000 0 0 0 00000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00 0000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000 00000000000000000000000
00000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000 00000000000000000 000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000
000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000 000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 $2,000
00000000000000000 00000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000 000000000000
0000000000000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 00000000000000000000000 000000
0000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000 $3,000
000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000
00000000000000000 00000000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 00000000000000000
0 0 0 0 0 00000000000000000 00000000000000000
$4,000
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000000000000000000 $5,000
00000000000000000
00000000000000000 $6,000
0000000000000000000000
Quarterly Expenditures
00000000000000000 $7,000
00000000000000000
00000000000000000
00000000000000000 $8,000
$9,000
emocnI yb ,+56 degA selpuoC deirraM :knaR elitnecreP yb ,5002 ni serutidnepxE ylretrauQ .72 erugiF
.yevruS erutidnepxE remusnoC 5002 eht fo sisylana ecivreS hcraeseR lanoissergnoC :ecruoS
25th percentile 50th percentile 75th percentile
00000000000 00000000000 00000000000
Expenditure Category and Annual Family Income
65+, >$70,000 65+, $30,000-$70,000 65+, <$30,000
Transportation
Transportation
Transportation
Healthcare
Food
Housing
Healthcare
Food
Housing
Healthcare
Food
Housing
0.0%
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00000000000000000 0000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0 0 0 0 0 0000000000000000000 0 0 0 0 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
5.0%
0 0 0 0 0 000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
00000
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
00000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 10.0%
0000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000000000000000000000 0 0 0 0
0000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
000000
000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000 15.0%
0000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
000000 0000000000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 000000000000000000
000000000000
000000
00000000000
000000000000000000
000000000000 00000000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000
00000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000 00000000000000000 000000000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 0000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000
00000000000000000000000000000000000
000000000000 00000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
20.0%
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000 000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000 000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000 25.0%
000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 30.0%
000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000 00000000000000000 000000000000000000000000
Share of Expenditures
35.0%
00000000000000000 00000000000000000
000000 00000000000 000000000000000000
000000
00000000000000000 00000000000000000 000000000000000000 40.0%
0000000000000000000000 00000000000000000 000000000000000000000000
45.0%
50.0%
emocnI yb ,+56 degA selpuoC deirraM :knaR elitnecreP yb ,5002 ni serutidnepxE fo erahS .82 erugiF
.yevruS erutidnepxE remusnoC 5002 eht fo sisylana ecivreS hcraeseR lanoissergnoC :ecruoS
25th percentile 50th percentile 75th percentile
000000000000 000000000000 000000000000
Expenditure Category and Annual Family Income
55-64, >$70,000 55-64, $30,000-$70,000 55-64, <$30,000
Healthcare
Healthcare
Healthcare
Food
Transportation
Housing
Food
Transportation
Housing
Food
Transportation
Housing
$0
0000000000000000 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000 0 0 0 0 0000000000000000 00000 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 0000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000 0 0 0 0 00000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 $1,000
00000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000 000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000
00000000000000000 00000000000
00000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 $2,000
0000000000000000000000 00000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000000000 000000000000
000000 00000000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 000000000000000000 $3,000
00000000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 00000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000
000000000000000000000000000000000 000000
000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000 $4,000
0 0 0 0 0 00000000000000000
000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000
000000000000000000000000000000000 $5,000
00000000000000000
0000000000000000000000
Quarterly Expenditures
00000000000000000 $6,000
00000000000000000
00000000000000000
00000000000000000 $7,000
$8,000
emocnI yb ,46-55 degA neM deirramnU :knaR elitnecreP yb ,5002 ni serutidnepxE ylretrauQ .92 erugiF
.yevruS erutidnepxE remusnoC 5002 eht fo sisylana ecivreS hcraeseR lanoissergnoC :ecruoS
25th percentile 50th percentile 75th percentile
000000000000 000000000000 000000000000
Expenditure Category and Annual Family Income
55-64, >$70,000 55-64, $30,000-$70,000 55-64, <$30,000
Healthcare
Housing
Healthcare
Housing
Healthcare
Food
Transportation
Food
Transportation
Food
Transportation
Housing
0.0%
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000 00000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000 0 0 0 0 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 5.0%
00000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 000000000000000000000000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 0000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 10.0%
0000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000 0 0 0 0 0
0000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 15.0%
0000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000
000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000
000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 20.0%
00000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000 00000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000 25.0%
000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0 0 0 0 0 00000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000 0 0 0 0 0
000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000 30.0%
000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 35.0%
00000000000000000 00000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000
Share of Expenditures
00000000000000000 00000000000000000 40.0%
00000000000 00000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000 00000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000
45.0%
00000000000000000 00000000000000000 000000000000000000
000000000000
000000000000000000000000 50.0%
000000000000000000
000000000000000000 55.0%
emocnI yb ,46-55 degA neM deirramnU :knaR elitnecreP yb ,5002 ni serutidnepxE fo erahS .03 erugiF
.yevruS erutidnepxE remusnoC 5002 eht fo sisylana ecivreS hcraeseR lanoissergnoC :ecruoS
25th percentile 50th percentile 75th percentile
000000000000 000000000000 000000000000
Expenditure Category and Annual Family Income
65+, >$70,000 65+, $30,000-$70,000 65+, <$30,000
Healthcare
Housing
Healthcare
Housing
Healthcare
Food
Transportation
Food
Transportation
Food
Transportation
Housing
$0
00000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000 0 0 0 0 00000000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 0000000000000000
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 0000000000000000000 0 0 0 0
000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 0000000000000000000000000000000000 000000 $1,000
00000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000 000000 000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000 0 0 0 0 0
00000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000 $2,000
0 0 0 0 0 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000
0000000000000000000000 00000000000000000 $3,000
000000000000000000000000000000000 000000
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000
000000000000000000000000000000000 $4,000
00000000000000000
00000000000000000 $5,000
000000
0000000000000000000000
Quarterly Expenditures
00000000000000000 $6,000
$7,000
$8,000
emocnI yb ,+56 degA neM deirramnU :knaR elitnecreP yb ,5002 ni serutidnepxE ylretrauQ .13 erugiF
.yevruS erutidnepxE remusnoC 5002 eht fo sisylana ecivreS hcraeseR lanoissergnoC :ecruoS
25th percentile 50th percentile 75th percentile
000000000000 000000000000 000000000000
Expenditure Category and Annual Family Income
55-64, >$70,000 55-64, $30,000-$70,000 55-64, <$30,000
Healthcare
Housing
Healthcare
Housing
Healthcare
Food
Transportation
Food
Transportation
Food
Transportation
Housing
0.0%
0000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0000000000000000000 0 0 0 00000000000000000 00000000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 000000000000000000 0000000000000000000 0 0 0 00000000000000000 0000000000000000
000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 0000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 000000000000000000 0 0 0 0 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.0%
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
00000 0 0 0 0 0 000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000 0 0 0 0 000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000
00000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 10.0%
00000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000 000000 000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000 00000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 15.0%
0000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000 000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000 0 0 0 0 0 0000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000 000000 000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000 000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000
000000
00000000000000000
000000
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000
20.0%
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000 00000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0 0 0 0 0 00000000000 25.0%
000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000 30.0%
00000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 35.0%
000000 00000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000
Share of Expenditures
00000000000000000 00000000000000000 000000000000000000 40.0%
00000000000000000 000000000000000000
00000000000000000 000000000000000000 45.0%
000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000 50.0%
000000000000000000
55.0%
emocnI yb ,+56 degA neM deirramnU :knaR elitnecreP yb ,5002 ni serutidnepxE fo erahS .23 erugiF
.yevruS erutidnepxE remusnoC 5002 eht fo sisylana ecivreS hcraeseR lanoissergnoC :ecruoS
25th percentile 50th percentile 75th percentile
000000000000 000000000000 000000000000
Expenditure Category and Annual Family Income
55-64, >$70,000 55-64, $30,000-$70,000 55-64, <$30,000
Transportation
Transportation
Transportation
Healthcare
Housing
Healthcare
Housing
Healthcare
Food
Food
Food
Housing
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00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000 0 0 0 0 00000000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0000000000000000000 0 0 0 0 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0 0 0 0 0 0000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000 0 0 0 0 00000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 $1,000
000000
000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 000000 000000
000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000 00000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000
00000000000000000
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000 00000000000
000000000000000000 00000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 $2,000
000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000
000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000 $3,000
000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000
00000000000000000000000 000000000000000000
$4,000
0000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 $5,000
00000000000000000
0000000000000000000000
Quarterly Expenditures
00000000000000000 $6,000
000000
00000000000000000
0000000000000000000000 $7,000
0000000000000000000000
000000
00000000000000000 $8,000
emocnI yb ,46-55 degA nemoW deirramnU :knaR elitnecreP yb ,5002 ni serutidnepxE ylretrauQ .33 erugiF
.yevruS erutidnepxE remusnoC 5002 eht fo sisylana ecivreS hcraeseR lanoissergnoC :ecruoS
25th percentile 50th percentile 75th percentile
000000000000 000000000000 000000000000
Expenditure Category and Annual Family Income
55-64, >$70,000 55-64, $30,000-$70,000 55-64, <$30,000
Healthcare
Food
Transportation
Housing
Healthcare
Food
Transportation
Housing
Healthcare
Food
Transportation
Housing
0.0%
0000000000000000 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 0000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00000000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
5.0%
0000000000000000000 0 0 0 00000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 0000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 0000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 0000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
00000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 10.0%
00000000000 0000000000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 000000000000 00000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0 0 0 0 0 000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 15.0%
00000000000 0000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000 00000000000000000
00000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 20.0%
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000 00000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 25.0%
000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 30.0%
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 35.0%
0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000
Share of Expenditures
00000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 40.0%
00000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000
00000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000 000000 45.0%
00000000000000000 000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000 000000000000000000000000 50.0%
000000
000000000000000000 55.0%
emocnI yb ,46-55 degA nemoW deirramnU :knaR elitnecreP yb ,5002 ni serutidnepxE fo erahS .43 erugiF
.yevruS erutidnepxE remusnoC 5002 eht fo sisylana ecivreS hcraeseR lanoissergnoC :ecruoS
25th percentile 50th percentile 75th percentile
000000000000 000000000000 000000000000
Expenditure Category and Annual Family Income
65+, >$70,000 65+, $30,000-$70,000 65+, <$30,000
Healthcare
Housing
Healthcare
Housing
Healthcare
Housing
Transportation
Transportation
Transportation
Food
Food
Food
0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000 $0
000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 00000000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000 00000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000 $1,000
0000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000 000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000 0 0 0 0 0
00000000000000000 000000000000000000
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 $2,000
000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000 000000000000
0000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000
00000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000 $3,000
00000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000
000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000 $4,000
0000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000
00000000000000000
00000000000000000 $5,000
00000000000000000
Quarterly Expenditures
$6,000
$7,000
$8,000
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.yevruS erutidnepxE remusnoC 5002 eht fo sisylana ecivreS hcraeseR lanoissergnoC :ecruoS
25th percentile 50th percentile 75th percentile
000000000000 000000000000 00000000000000
Expenditure Category and Annual Family Income
55-64, >$70,000 55-64, $30,000-$70,000 55-64, <$30,000
Healthcare
Healthcare
Healthcare
Food
Transportation
Housing
Food
Transportation
Housing
Food
Transportation
Housing
0.0%
0000000000000000 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 0000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000 0000000000000000
000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 00000000000000000 0 0 0 0 0
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0 0 0 0 0 00000000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 00000000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
5.0%
0000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000 0 0 0 0 0 0000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 10.0%
00000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 0000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000 00000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000 000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000 00000000000000000 15.0%
000000 0000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000 00000000000 0 0 0 0 0 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000 00000000000 000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000 00000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000 000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 20.0%
000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000 000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
25.0%
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
30.0%
00000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000
00000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 35.0%
0 0 0 0 0 000000000000000000
00000000000000000
Share of Expenditures
00000000000000000 0000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 40.0%
00000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000 000000 000000 45.0%
00000000000000000 000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000 50.0%
000000000000000000000000
000000
000000000000000000 55.0%
emocnI yb ,+56 degA nemoW deirramnU :knaR elitnecreP yb ,5002 ni serutidnepxE fo erahS .63 erugiF
¢
¢
The data presented in this report illustrate how the consumption expenditures of older Americans
changed between 1985 and 2005 and also how these expenditures varied with the age, marital
status, employment, and income of the family head. Over the period from 1985 to 2005,
expenditures for housing and health care grew faster than total expenditures. As a result, these
two categories have increased as a share of total family spending. Expenditures for food, clothing,
transportation, entertainment, and other spending either shrank or remained unchanged as a
percentage of total family expenditures. This pattern occurred among all three age groups that we
studied.
Much of the increase in health care expenditures can be attributed to the long-term rise in the
price of medical care relative to other goods and service. Between 1985 and 2005, the CPI for
medical care rose by 185% while the CPI for all goods and services rose by 82%. Health care
expenditures rose not only because of inflation, but also because of the introduction of new
medicines, medical equipment, and procedures that either replaced older treatments or that
represented entirely new forms of medical care. The increase in health care expenditures did not
occur across the board, but was instead concentrated in two categories: health insurance
premiums and out-of-pocket spending for prescription drugs, both of which rose substantially
between 1985 and 2005. Out-of-pocket spending for medical services and supplies, on the other
hand, fell during the period. Congress recognized the growing burden of prescription drug costs
on older Americans and in 2003 passed the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement and
Modernization Act (P.L. 108-173). As of January 2007, nearly 24 million Medicare beneficiaries
had enrolled in Medicare Part D, the program's prescription drug plan.21
Unlike the rise in health care spending, the increase in housing expenditures cannot be attributed
to inflation, at least as it is measured by the Consumer Price Index. Between 1985 and 2005, the
CPI for housing and the CPI for all goods and services both rose by 82%. In this case, however,
the CPI may understate the growth in the cost of housing because it includes rising rents, but not
rising home prices. Also, homes built today are generally larger than those that were built 20 or
more years ago and they come with more amenities, both of which contribute to higher prices.
Higher prices due to improvements in home quality--more efficient heating and cooling systems,
for example, or more bathrooms--are not inflationary. Other housing costs--property taxes,
insurance, maintenance, and utilities--are only indirectly captured by the CPI for housing and
may also have contributed to the rising share of total expenditures accounted for by the cost of
housing.
Some of the policy questions raised by the rise in housing expenditures among older Americans
are whether these costs present lower-income families with economic hardships that are not met
through programs such as rent subsidies and the Low Income Home Energy Assistance Program
(LIHEAP), and more broadly, how much of the rise is attributable to the increasing value of
income tax-deduction allowed for mortgage interest payments as home prices have risen.
Likewise, uneven coverage by health insurance, differences in rates of premium increase, covered
services, provider networks, deductibles and copayments mean that different segments of the
population are responding to different structural and financial incentives when purchasing health
21
See CRS Report RL33041, Medicare Drug Benefit: Retiree Provisions, by Jennifer O'Sullivan.
¢
care services. If Americans merely choose to buy more health care and housing, then there is no
obvious role for public policy to influence that choice. However, to the extent that other forms of
spending are "squeezed out" by increases in the cost of housing and health care that are caused by
market inefficiencies or the unintended consequences of federal tax laws, then intervention to
correct the market failures and a review of the incentives caused by these tax policies may be
warranted.
The relationships of characteristics such as age, marital status, employment, and income to
consumer spending are important to Congress because they indicate whether particularly
vulnerable segments of the population are facing financial hardships as they age. For instance,
data from the Consumer Expenditure Survey indicate that median housing expenditures among
married couples in all three age groups that we studied were 31% to 32% of total expenditures.
Housing consumed a much larger share of total spending by unmarried men and women,
especially among those 75 and older. Median housing expenditures were 36% of spending by
unmarried men 75 and older and 42% of expenditures by unmarried women 75 and older. This is
the result, at least in part, of the lower incomes of married men and women compared to married
couples, and it may have the consequence of forcing difficult choices on some individuals. It
raises the question, for instance, of why unmarried men and women aged 75 and older spend a
smaller percentage of total spending on health care--12% and 13%, respectively--than married
couples aged 75 and older, who spend 17% of expenditures on health care. To the extent their
lower health care spending represents a choice by low-income elderly singles to pay their rent and
utility bills rather purchasing necessary medical care services, their pattern of expenditures could
indicate something other than a mere difference in tastes and preferences between older
unmarried individuals and older married couples.
Health care also is an example of a category of expenditure that is strongly affected by
employment status. For example, among married couples aged 55 to 64 in which at least one
person worked, median health care spending was just 5% of total spending, while among couples
in this age group in which neither person worked, median health care spending was twice as great
relative to total spending, consuming 10% of total expenditures. Likewise, among married
couples aged 65 and older--a group in which most people are covered by Medicare--median
health care spending was 10% of total expenditures among couples with at least one worker and
15% of spending among couples in which neither worked. Because health insurance coverage of
people under age 65 is often linked to employment, public policies that promote continued
employment among Americans aged 55 to 64 could reduce the relative share of expenditures
accounted for by health care, boost their incomes, and perhaps delay the time at which families
begin to spend their retirement savings.
Two of the categories of expenditure on which this report has focused, housing and health care,
have very different relationships to family income. Among married couples, for example, median
housing expenditures are remarkably similar as a percentage of total spending across the three
income categories that we studied. Among couples aged 55 to 64, median housing expenditures
were 34% of total spending by those with income under $30,000, 32% of spending by those with
income between $30,000 and $70,000, and 31% of spending by those with income above
$70,000. Likewise, among couples aged 65 and older, median housing expenditures were 31% of
total spending among those with income under $30,000, 30% among those with income between
$30,000 and $70,000, and 31% among those with income above $70,000. This narrow range
suggests that families are able, over time, to adjust their housing expenditures to their income in
such a way that housing represents a relatively stable share of total spending.
¢
Health care spending varies more with both age and income than does spending for housing.
Median spending for health care rises with age as a percentage of total spending and declines with
income. Among married couples aged 55 to 64 with income under $30,000, median health care
spending was 8% of total spending in 2005, compared to 6% of spending by couples with income
from $30,000 to $70,000, and 4% by couples with income over $70,000. Among married couples
aged 65 and older, median health care spending was 17% of total spending by couples with
income under $30,000, 13% of spending by couples with income from $30,000 to $70,000, and
8% of spending by couples with income over $70,000. Thus, in each age category, health care
spending as a percentage of total spending was highest in the lowest income category, and in each
income category, health care was higher as a percentage of total spending among couples aged 65
and older than among those aged 55 to 64. Moreover, the difference in health care spending
between the low end of the distribution and the high end was substantial. One-fourth of married
couples aged 55 to 64 with incomes over $70,000 spent 2% or less of total expenditures on health
care in 2005, while one-fourth of couples aged 65 and older with income under $30,000 spent
27% or more of total expenditures on health care.
Health care expenses can vary substantially from year to year and can present unexpected claims
on families' financial resources, leaving them with little option but to borrow or dip into savings.
For example, based on the CES data from 2005, if a family aged 65 or older with income under
$30,000 had health care expenditures at the 75th percentile, accounting for 27% of total spending,
and had expenditures for housing, food, and transportation that were at the median for its age and
income, these four categories would have consumed 87% of its spending. All other goods and
services would have totaled just 13% of spending. A family aged 55 to 64 with income under
$30,000 that had health care expenditures at the 75th percentile, accounting for 17% of its
spending, and that had expenditures for housing, food, and transportation that were at the median
for its age and income, would have spent 80% of its total expenditures on these four categories
and only 20% on all other spending.
If the rising share of spending devoted to health care and housing is occurring in efficient
markets, it does not imply a need for policy intervention. Economists recognize, however, that the
market for health care does not function ideally, and that choices are influenced by the structure
of health insurance policies or by the absence of health insurance. Likewise, the recent crisis in
the market for "subprime" mortgages indicates that the housing market does not always function
in a way that leads to desirable results either for individuals or the economy. Although all
Americans must deal with the rapidly rising cost of health care and the effects that volatile credit
and financial markets may have on the broader economy, older Americans are especially
vulnerable due to their lower average incomes.
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097 718 727 768 759 stcudorp occabot dna lohoclA
009 436 607 508 796 noitacudE dna gnidaeR
055 546 225 616 295 secivres dna stcudorp erac lanosreP
924,2 712,2 220,2 252,2 170,2 tnemniatretnE
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585,1 482,1 051,1 640,1 918 ecnarusni htlaeH
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686,8 174,7 868,6 603,6 719,5 sriaper dna ,ecnarusni ,tner ,egagtroM
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355 945 994 065 236 stcudorp occabot dna lohoclA
014 753 335 503 214 noitacudE dna gnidaeR
594 345 784 654 364 secivres dna stcudorp erac lanosreP
341,2 195,1 874,1 663,1 303,1 tnemniatretnE
431 341 501 901 361 seilppus lacideM
659 448 786 086 165 sgurD
337 877 606 089 540,1 secivres lacideM
253,2 428,1 759,1 515,1 222,1 ecnarusni htlaeH
671,4 785,3 553,3 382,3 399,2 erac htlaeH
865,6 575,6 247,5 571,5 829,5 noitatropsnarT
313,1 282,1 924,1 254,1 429,1 secivres dna lerappA
169,2 304,2 052,2 521,2 544,2 seilppus dna snoitarepo dlohesuoH
190,3 567,2 657,2 647,2 759,2 secivres cilbup dna ,sleuf ,seitilitU
324,6 008,5 041,5 467,4 187,4 sriaper dna ,ecnarusni ,tner ,egagtroM
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8.1 0.2 9.1 2.2 3.2 stcudorp occabot dna lohoclA
0.2 5.1 8.1 0.2 7.1 noitacudE dna gnidaeR
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485 597 747 137 988 secivres dna lerappA
148,1 630,2 177,2 037,1 318,1 seilppus dna snoitarepo dlohesuoH
135,2 791,2 572,2 462,2 144,2 secivres cilbup dna ,sleuf ,seitilitU
042,5 575,4 161,4 671,4 237,3 sriaper dna ,ecnarusni ,tner ,egagtroM
216,9 808,8 802,9 271,8 489,7 gnisuoH
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1.1 1.1 7.1 0.1 3.1 noitacudE dna gnidaeR
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9.5 7.4 7.4 5.4 1.4 tnemniatretnE
4.0 4.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 seilppus lacideM
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0.2 3.2 9.1 3.3 3.3 secivres lacideM
5.6 4.5 2.6 0.5 9.3 ecnarusni htlaeH
5.11 6.01 7.01 9.01 5.9 erac htlaeH
0.81 4.91 3.81 2.71 8.81 noitatropsnarT
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1.8 1.7 2.7 1.7 8.7 seilppus dna snoitarepo dlohesuoH
5.8 1.8 8.8 1.9 4.9 secivres cilbup dna ,sleuf ,seitilitU
6.71 1.71 4.61 8.51 2.51 sriaper dna ,ecnarusni ,tner ,egagtroM
2.43 3.23 4.23 0.23 4.23 gnisuoH
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0.7 5.7 6.5 4.7 3.01 snoitubirtnoc hsaC
4.2 6.2 1.3 3.2 7.1 suoenallecsiM
4.1 1.1 9.0 9.0 7.0 ecnarusni lanosrep rehto dna efiL
0.1 2.1 2.1 1.1 3.1 stcudorp occabot dna lohoclA
1.1 9.0 0.1 1.1 0.1 noitacudE dna gnidaeR
6.1 7.1 4.1 4.1 5.1 secivres dna stcudorp erac lanosreP
9.3 3.3 6.3 8.2 8.2 tnemniatretnE
6.0 7.0 5.0 6.0 9.0 seilppus lacideM
8.3 2.4 0.3 3.3 6.2 sgurD
0.3 0.3 7.2 4.4 7.4 secivres lacideM
6.8 5.7 5.8 3.6 7.4 ecnarusni htlaeH
9.51 4.51 6.41 5.41 9.21 erac htlaeH
2.41 3.31 1.11 9.31 0.41 noitatropsnarT
2.2 2.3 2.3 2.3 8.3 secivres dna lerappA
0.7 3.8 8.11 6.7 8.7 seilppus dna snoitarepo dlohesuoH
6.9 9.8 7.9 9.9 5.01 secivres cilbup dna ,sleuf ,seitilitU
8.91 6.81 7.71 2.81 0.61 sriaper dna ,ecnarusni ,tner ,egagtroM
4.63 8.53 2.93 7.53 3.43 gnisuoH
8.21 2.41 1.51 7.51 9.51 dooF
:noitubirtsiD egatnecreP
258,1 538,1 803,1 507,1 093,2 snoitubirtnoc hsaC
536 726 337 725 583 suoenallecsiM
753 162 022 691 561 ecnarusni lanosrep rehto dna efiL
962 882 472 242 103 stcudorp occabot dna lohoclA
792 712 642 952 432 noitacudE dna gnidaeR
724 714 333 623 053 secivres dna stcudorp erac lanosreP
230,1 208 438 236 056 tnemniatretnE
641 061 601 131 812 seilppus lacideM
899 030,1 317 947 595 sgurD
5002 0002 5991 0991 5891
¢
501 731 441 021 921 051 141 171 212 elitnecrep ht52
051 691 352 961 912 072 702 013 104 naideM
922 453 564 013 834 915 793 446 918 elitnecrep ht57
%4.77 %6.68 %2.88 %8.47 %7.48 %2.78 %5.98 %3.49 %8.59 gnidneps htiw tnecreP
tnemniatretnE
23 55 67 13 23 45 06 28 021 elitnecrep ht52
28 221 081 07 001 941 051 002 182 naideM
191 962 004 051 022 023 503 424 006 elitnecrep ht57
%8.55 %7.27 %0.87 %2.25 %6.26 %3.27 %7.46 %7.77 %3.38 gnidneps htiw tnecreP
gnihtolC
182 592 002 072 552 512 927 616 043 elitnecrep ht52
545 095 334 315 805 034 232,1 050,1 227 naideM
549 620,1 358 070,1 978 749 588,1 656,1 863,1 elitnecrep ht57
%5.39 %9.29 %3.28 %0.39 %5.19 %9.07 %8.69 %2.69 %9.88 gnidneps htiw tnecreP
erac htlaeH
614 025 155 574 565 596 887 789 241,1 elitnecrep ht52
595 637 058 576 038 030,1 331,1 593,1 585,1 naideM
588 561,1 692,1 530,1 162,1 055,1 026,1 059,1 402,2 elitnecrep ht57
%4.89 %8.99 %9.99 %1.69 %5.99 %0.99 %8.99 %001 %001 gnidneps htiw tnecreP
dooF
051 192 054 412 503 015 563 027 500,1 elitnecrep ht52
843 695 069 035 087 221,1 957 483,1 049,1 naideM
057 931,1 457,1 071,1 026,1 030,2 874,1 104,2 952,3 elitnecrep ht57
%9.47 %8.09 %6.59 %8.88 %2.69 %5.59 %9.69 %5.89 %1.99 gnidneps htiw tnecreP
noitatropsnarT
899 012,1 516,1 399 890,1 275,1 732,1 907,1 864,2 elitnecrep ht52
106,1 269,1 755,2 005,1 977,1 655,2 780,2 880,3 490,4 naideM
235,2 250,3 480,4 624,2 282,3 114,4 244,3 997,4 806,6 elitnecrep ht57
%001 %001 %001 %001 %001 %001 %001 %001 %001 gnidneps htiw tnecreP
gnisuoH
667,2 045,3 426,4 040,3 656,3 082,5 459,4 886,6 598,8 elitnecrep ht52
598,3 303,5 778,6 385,4 135,5 879,7 543,7 558,9 559,21 naideM
301,6$ 510,8$ 785,01$ 407,6$ 760,9$ 118,11$ 177,01$ 539,41$ 575,91$ elitnecrep ht57
gnidneps latoT
276,5 483,3 812,4 128,1 317,1 783,2 253,4 130,6 966,9 )sdnasuoht ni( seilimaF
+57 47 ot 56 46 ot 55 +57 47 ot 56 46 ot 55 +57 47 ot 56 46 ot 55 :egA
nemow deirramnU nem deirramnU selpuoc deirraM :sutats latiraM
egA dna sutatS latiraM yb 5002 ni gnidnepS ylretrauQ egarevA .4-A elbaT
¢
7.12 5.71 3.11 6.91 7.41 8.9 6.62 2.71 2.01 elitnecrep ht57
%5.39 %9.29 %3.28 %0.39 %5.19 %9.07 %8.69 %2.69 %9.88 gnidneps htiw tnecreP
erachtlaeH
5.01 0.01 2.8 8.9 7.9 7.8 5.01 2.01 6.8 elitnecrep ht52
9.51 0.51 4.21 9.51 8.51 8.21 7.51 1.41 2.21 naideM
1.22 5.12 1.81 8.12 1.22 2.91 1.22 4.91 8.61 elitnecrep ht57
%4.89 %8.99 %9.99 %1.69 %5.99 %0.99 %8.99 %001 %001 gnidneps htiw tnecreP
dooF
9.3 6.5 1.7 4.5 6.6 4.7 7.5 2.8 8.8 elitnecrep ht52
4.8 0.01 9.21 6.01 1.31 2.31 5.01 3.31 5.41 naideM
9.41 2.71 6.02 7.12 6.22 1.12 7.71 0.12 2.22 elitnecrep ht57
%9.47 %8.09 %6.59 %8.88 %2.69 %5.59 %9.69 %5.89 %1.99 gnidneps htiw tnecreP
noitatropsnarT
2.03 3.72 9.82 5.42 0.42 7.42 1.12 4.22 4.32 elitnecrep ht52
1.24 5.73 3.83 2.63 2.33 8.53 1.03 9.03 8.13 naideM
2.55 0.05 2.94 9.84 5.64 1.84 6.04 3.24 3.24 elitnecrep ht57
%001 %001 %001 %001 %001 %001 %001 %001 %001 gnidneps htiw tnecreP
gnisuoH
667,2 045,3 426,4 040,3 656,3 082,5 459,4 886,6 598,8 elitnecrep ht52
598,3 303,5 778,6 385,4 135,5 879,7 543,7 558,9 559,21 naideM
301,6$ 510,8$ 785,01$ 407,6$ 760,9$ 118,11$ 177,01$ 539,41$ 575,91$ elitnecrep ht57
gnidneps latoT
276,5 483,3 812,4 128,1 317,1 783,2 253,4 130,6 966,9 )sdnasuoht ni( seilimaF
pu dna 57 47 ot 56 46 ot 55 pu dna 57 47 ot 56 46 ot 55 pu dna 57 47 ot 56 46 ot 55 :egA
nemow deirramnU nem deirramnU selpuoc deirraM :sutats latiraM
egA dna sutatS latiraM yb 5002 ni yrogetaC yb gnidnepS latoT fo erahS .5-A elbaT
.47 ega naht redlo nosrep eno tsael ta edulcni redlo dna 57 dega selpuoc
deirraM .47 ega revo eno on dna dlo sraey 47 ot 56 nosrep eno tsael ta edulcni 47 ot 56 dega selpuoc deirraM
.46 ega revo eno on dna dlo sraey 46 ot 55 nosrep eno tsael ta edulcni 46 ot 55 dega selpuoc deirraM :etoN
.yevruS erutidnepxE remusnoC 5002 eht fo sisylana ecivreS hcraeseR lanoissergnoC :ecruoS
021 342 545 811 162 947 872 966 054,1 elitnecrep ht52
613 765 350,1 593 816 055,1 057 163,1 057,2 naideM
067 522,1 701,2 699 364,1 586,2 056,1 477,2 367,4 elitnecrep ht57
%5.39 %7.69 %9.89 %1.49 %5.79 %8.89 %8.69 %6.89 %6.99 gnidneps htiw tnecreP
gnidneps rehto llA
+57 47 ot 56 46 ot 55 +57 47 ot 56 46 ot 55 +57 47 ot 56 46 ot 55 :egA
nemow deirramnU nem deirramnU selpuoc deirraM :sutats latiraM
¢
262,1 040,2 419,1 345,2 elitnecrep ht52
910,2 142,3 222,3 861,4 naideM
507,3 593,5 970,5 037,6 elitnecrep ht57
%001 %001 %001 %001 gnidneps htiw tnecreP
gnisuoH
939,4 406,6 775,7 791,9 elitnecrep ht52
234,7 895,9 389,01 982,31 naideM
982,01$ 072,41$ 450,61$ 648,91$ elitnecrep ht57
gnidneps latoT
109,5 767 284,4 309,8 )sdnasuoht ni( rebmuN
redlo dna 56 46 ot 55 redlo dna 56 46 ot 55 :egA
gnikrow rehtieN gnikrow htob ro enO :sutats tnemyolpmE
selpuoC deirraM
:egA dna tnemyolpmE yb 5002 ni serutidnepxE ylretrauQ egarevA .6-A elbaT
.47 ega naht redlo nosrep eno tsael ta edulcni redlo dna 57 dega selpuoc
deirraM .47 ega revo eno on dna dlo sraey 47 ot 56 nosrep eno tsael ta edulcni 47 ot 56 dega selpuoc deirraM
.46 ega revo eno on dna dlo sraey 46 ot 55 nosrep eno tsael ta edulcni 46 ot 55 dega selpuoc deirraM :etoN
.yevruS erutidnepxE remusnoC 5002 eht fo sisylana ecivreS hcraeseR lanoissergnoC :ecruoS
4.3 6.5 9.9 3.3 0.5 5.11 6.4 7.7 2.41 elitnecrep ht52
9.7 3.11 2.61 8.8 9.11 1.91 8.9 0.41 6.12 naideM
6.21 5.81 8.32 3.71 0.12 3.03 0.91 3.22 9.92 elitnecrep ht57
%5.39 %7.69 %9.89 %1.49 %5.79 %8.89 %8.69 %6.89 %6.99 gnidneps htiw tnecreP
gnidneps rehto llA
2.2 1.2 0.2 3.2 0.2 0.2 9.1 0.2 9.1 elitnecrep ht52
7.3 9.3 5.3 8.3 6.3 4.3 3.3 2.3 1.3 naideM
9.5 5.6 9.5 2.6 3.6 5.5 2.5 4.5 6.5 elitnecrep ht57
%4.77 %6.68 %2.88 %8.47 %7.48 %2.78 %5.98 %3.49 %8.59 gnidneps htiw tnecreP
tnemniatretnE
8.0 0.1 1.1 5.0 7.0 7.0 8.0 8.0 9.0 elitnecrep ht52
8.1 2.2 4.2 4.1 5.1 6.1 7.1 9.1 1.2 naideM
0.4 2.4 6.4 8.2 0.3 4.3 3.3 5.3 7.3 elitnecrep ht57
%8.55 %7.27 %0.87 %2.25 %6.26 %3.27 %7.46 %7.77 %3.38 gnidneps htiw tnecreP
gnihtolC
1.8 2.6 7.2 3.7 2.5 2.2 2.01 8.5 4.2 elitnecrep ht52
3.31 9.01 7.5 2.21 5.9 0.5 0.71 4.01 0.5 naideM
pu dna 57 47 ot 56 46 ot 55 pu dna 57 47 ot 56 46 ot 55 pu dna 57 47 ot 56 46 ot 55 :egA
nemow deirramnU nem deirramnU selpuoc deirraM :sutats latiraM
¢
122,1 944,2 708,1 059,1 elitnecrep ht57
%2.19 %4.98 %7.69 %1.79 gnidneps htiw tnecreP
noitatropsnarT
200,1 543,1 822,1 446,1 elitnecrep ht52
215,1 442,2 751,2 985,2 naideM
335,2 803,4 296,3 735,4 elitnecrep ht57
%0.001 %001 %001 %001 gnidneps htiw tnecreP
gnisuoH
011,3 030,4 416,4 055,5 elitnecrep ht52
295,4 348,6 328,6 482,8 naideM
438,6$ 031,01$ 336,11$ 412,21$ elitnecrep ht57
gnidneps latoT
817,2 194 618 698,1 )sdnasuoht ni( rebmuN
redlo dna 56 46 ot 55 redlo dna 56 46 ot 55 :egA
gnikrow toN gnikroW :sutats tnemyolpmE
neM deirramnU
:egA dna tnemyolpmE yb 5002 ni serutidnepxE ylretrauQ egarevA .7-A elbaT
.46 ega naht redlo nosrep eno tsael ta edulcni redlo dna 56 dega selpuoc deirraM
.46 ega revo eno on dna dlo sraey 46 ot 55 nosrep eno tsael ta edulcni 46 ot 55 dega selpuoc deirraM :etoN
.yevruS erutidnepxE remusnoC 5002 eht fo sisylana ecivreS hcraeseR lanoissergnoC :ecruoS
976 005 246 033 elitnecrep ht52
521,1 069 331,1 507 naideM
767,1 026,1 477,1 543,1 elitnecrep ht57
%4.69 %6.09 %6.69 %8.88 gnidneps htiw tnecreP
erac htlaeH
238 760,1 599 541,1 elitnecrep ht52
512,1 005,1 604,1 095,1 naideM
096,1 560,2 099,1 522,2 elitnecrep ht57
%9.99 %001 %001 %001 gnidneps htiw tnecreP
dooF
893 008 177 220,1 elitnecrep ht52
578 156,1 134,1 289,1 naideM
786,1 744,2 245,2 073,3 elitnecrep ht57
%0.79 %001 %9.89 %0.99 gnidneps htiw tnecreP
noitatropsnarT
redlo dna 56 46 ot 55 redlo dna 56 46 ot 55 :egA
gnikrow rehtieN gnikrow htob ro enO :sutats tnemyolpmE
¢
849 513,1 361,1 592,1 elitnecrep ht57
%7.89 %6.99 %001 %001 gnidneps htiw tnecreP
dooF
971 433 513 574 elitnecrep ht52
883 567 336 310,1 naideM
408 506,1 762,1 797,1 elitnecrep ht57
%7.77 %3.19 %5.69 %9.69 gnidneps htiw tnecreP
noitatropsnarT
610,1 464,1 723,1 327,1 elitnecrep ht52
916,1 582,2 601,2 427,2 naideM
816,2 627,3 853,3 301,4 elitnecrep ht57
%001 %001 %001 %001 gnidneps htiw tnecreP
gnisuoH
218,2 198,3 352,4 688,4 elitnecrep ht52
650,4 069,5 781,6 801,7 naideM
983,6$ 666,9$ 441,9$ 559,01$ elitnecrep ht57
gnidneps latoT
085,7 410,1 774,1 502,3 )sdnasuoht ni( rebmuN
redlo dna 56 46 ot 55 redlo dna 56 46 ot 55 :egA
gnikrow toN gnikroW :sutats tnemyolpmE
nemoW deirramnU
:egA dna tnemyolpmE yb 5002 ni serutidnepxE ylretrauQ egarevA .8-A elbaT
.yevruS erutidnepxE remusnoC 5002 eht fo sisylana ecivreS hcraeseR lanoissergnoC :ecruoS
552 443 013 081 elitnecrep ht52
094 766 936 093 naideM
449 410,1 071,1 309 elitnecrep ht57
%1.29 %4.07 %8.29 %0.17 gnidneps htiw tnecreP
erac htlaeH
515 085 875 637 elitnecrep ht52
507 068 478 060,1 naideM
370,1 303,1 064,1 595,1 elitnecrep ht57
%2.79 %0.99 %6.99 %1.99 gnidneps htiw tnecreP
dooF
232 953 054 035 elitnecrep ht52
225 501,1 020,1 421,1 naideM
redlo dna 56 46 ot 55 redlo dna 56 46 ot 55 :egA
gnikrow toN gnikroW :sutats tnemyolpmE
¢
8.42 9.61 8.61 5.9 elitnecrep ht57
%4.69 %6.09 %6.69 %8.88 gnidneps htiw tnecreP
erac htlaeH
6.11 1.8 3.9 4.8 elitnecrep ht52
4.61 4.41 9.21 0.21 naideM
7.22 4.12 1.71 6.61 elitnecrep ht57
%9.99 %001 %001 %001 gnidneps htiw tnecreP
dooF
5.6 1.9 9.7 7.8 elitnecrep ht52
6.11 2.51 0.31 4.41 naideM
7.91 3.52 4.02 0.22 elitnecrep ht57
%0.79 %001 %9.89 %0.99 gnidneps htiw tnecreP
noitatropsnarT
8.12 9.62 9.12 2.32 elitnecrep ht52
5.03 3.43 5.03 5.13 naideM
8.14 7.64 2.14 9.14 elitnecrep ht57
%001 %001 %001 %001 gnidneps htiw tnecreP
gnisuoH
939,4 406,6 775,7 791,9 elitnecrep ht52
234,7 895,9 389,01 982,31 naideM
928,01$ 072,41$ 450,61$ 648,91$ elitnecrep ht57
gnidneps latoT
109,5 767 284,4 309,8 )sdnasuoht ni( rebmuN
redlo dna 56 46 ot 55 redlo dna 56 46 ot 55 :egA
gnikrow rehtieN gnikrow htob ro enO :sutats tnemyolpmE
selpuoC
deirraM :egA dna tnemyolpmE yb 5002 ni serutidnepxE fo erahS egarevA .9-A elbaT
.yevruS erutidnepxE remusnoC 5002 eht fo sisylana ecivreS hcraeseR lanoissergnoC :ecruoS
082 532 243 681 elitnecrep ht52
745 024 516 434 naideM
559 809 310,1 938 elitnecrep ht57
%8.29 %1.48 %8.59 %7.18 gnidneps htiw tnecreP
erac htlaeH
554 535 025 955 elitnecrep ht52
546 048 527 058 naideM
redlo dna 56 46 ot 55 redlo dna 56 46 ot 55 :egA
gnikrow toN gnikroW :sutats tnemyolpmE
¢
.yevruS erutidnepxE remusnoC 5002 eht fo sisylana ecivreS hcraeseR lanoissergnoC :ecruoS
7.6 6.4 1.4 9.1 elitnecrep ht52
7.11 8.7 2.9 4.4 naideM
4.71 0.41 8.41 4.8 elitnecrep ht57
%1.29 %4.07 %8.29 %0.17 gnidneps htiw tnecreP
erac htlaeH
5.01 7.8 4.8 7.8 elitnecrep ht52
6.61 6.21 8.21 9.21 naideM
9.22 2.91 4.91 1.91 elitnecrep ht57
%2.79 %0.99 %6.99 %1.99 gnidneps htiw tnecreP
dooF
8.5 1.7 4.6 5.7 elitnecrep ht52
4.11 7.41 1.31 9.21 naideM
7.12 7.52 3.22 0.02 elitnecrep ht57
%2.19 %4.98 %7.69 %1.79 gnidneps htiw tnecreP
noitatropsnarT
5.52 5.52 2.22 4.41 elitnecrep ht52
3.63 7.34 5.92 4.43 naideM
4.94 4.65 3.14 8.54 elitnecrep ht57
%0.001 %001 %001 %001 gnidneps htiw tnecreP
gnisuoH
011,3 030,4 416,4 055,5 elitnecrep ht52
295,4 348,6 328,6 482,8 naideM
438,6$ 031,01$ 336,11$ 412,21$ elitnecrep ht57
gnidneps latoT
817,2 194 618 698,1 )sdnasuoht ni( rebmuN
redlo dna 56 46 ot 55 redlo dna 56 46 ot 55 :egA
gnikrow toN gnikroW :sutats tnemyolpmE
neM deirramnU
:egA dna tnemyolpmE yb 5002 ni serutidnepxE fo erahS egarevA .01-A elbaT
.46 ega naht redlo nosrep eno tsael ta edulcni redlo dna 56 dega selpuoc deirraM
.46 ega revo eno on dna dlo sraey 46 ot 55 nosrep eno tsael ta edulcni 46 ot 55 dega selpuoc deirraM :etoN
.yevruS erutidnepxE remusnoC 5002 eht fo sisylana ecivreS hcraeseR lanoissergnoC :ecruoS
1.9 7.4 6.5 3.2 elitnecrep ht52
4.51 2.01 9.9 7.4 naideM
redlo dna 56 46 ot 55 redlo dna 56 46 ot 55 :egA
gnikrow rehtieN gnikrow htob ro enO :sutats tnemyolpmE
¢
.yevruS erutidnepxE remusnoC 5002 eht fo sisylana ecivreS hcraeseR lanoissergnoC :ecruoS
7.7 3.3 1.6 5.2 elitnecrep ht52
6.21 6.6 2.01 4.5 naideM
8.02 5.31 4.61 1.01 elitnecrep ht57
%8.29 %1.48 %8.59 %7.18 gnidneps htiw tnecreP
erac htlaeH
6.01 1.9 6.8 0.8 elitnecrep ht52
3.61 7.41 6.21 6.11 naideM
9.22 1.12 9.71 2.71 elitnecrep ht57
%7.89 %6.99 %001 %001 gnidneps htiw tnecreP
dooF
3.4 6.6 9.5 1.7 elitnecrep ht52
0.9 5.21 8.9 0.31 naideM
6.51 5.22 8.61 2.02 elitnecrep ht57
%7.77 %3.19 %5.69 %9.69 gnidneps htiw tnecreP
noitatropsnarT
4.92 7.03 7.52 6.82 elitnecrep ht52
0.14 9.93 0.53 0.83 naideM
8.45 2.05 3.74 9.84 elitnecrep ht57
%001 %001 %001 %001 gnidneps htiw tnecreP
gnisuoH
218,2 198,3 352,4 688,4 elitnecrep ht52
650,4 069,5 781,6 801,7 naideM
983,6$ 666,9$ 441,9$ 559,01$ elitnecrep ht57
gnidneps latoT
085,7 410,1 774,1 502,3 )sdnasuoht ni( rebmuN
redlo dna 56 46 ot 55 redlo dna 56 46 ot 55 :egA
gnikrow toN gnikroW :sutats tnemyolpmE
nemoW deirramnU
:egA dna tnemyolpmE yb 5002 ni serutidnepxE fo erahS egarevA .11-A elbaT
¢
.46 ega naht redlo nosrep eno tsael ta edulcni redlo dna 56 dega selpuoc deirraM
.46 ega revo eno on dna dlo sraey 46 ot 55 nosrep eno tsael ta edulcni 46 ot 55 dega selpuoc deirraM :etoN
.yevruS erutidnepxE remusnoC 5002 eht fo sisylana ecivreS hcraeseR lanoissergnoC :ecruoS
237 383 996 113 985 632 elitnecrep ht52
442,1 067 841,1 376 810,1 066 naideM
040,2 734,1 997,1 652,1 585,1 972,1 elitnecrep ht57
%7.89 %0.39 %2.79 %7.58 %1.49 %6.08 gnidneps htiw tnecreP
erac htlaeH
672,1 404,1 059 089 517 087 elitnecrep ht52
577,1 598,1 033,1 833,1 510,1 651,1 naideM
054,2 036,2 567,1 057,1 044,1 017,1 elitnecrep ht57
%001 %001 %9.99 %001 %9.99 %001 gnidneps htiw tnecreP
dooF
030,1 514,1 006 548 033 295 elitnecrep ht52
288,1 235,2 941,1 855,1 317 840,1 naideM
733,3 050,4 200,2 154,2 023,1 668,1 elitnecrep ht57
%6.99 %8.99 %2.99 %1.99 %1.59 %3.59 gnidneps htiw tnecreP
noitatropsnarT
388,2 446,3 206,1 069,1 490,1 204,1 elitnecrep ht52
727,4 614,5 696,2 411,3 217,1 643,2 naideM
987,7 597,8 931,4 966,4 358,2 896,3 elitnecrep ht57
%7.11 %001 %0.001 %9.99 %001 %001 gnidneps htiw tnecreP
gnisuoH
556,11 728,21 965,6 784,7 561,4 151,5 elitnecrep ht52
450,61 397,71 649,8 548,9 409,5 737,6 naideM
726,22$ 175,52$ 991,21$ 622,31$ 853,8$ 128,9$ elitnecrep ht57
gnidneps latoT
282,2 010,5 164,4 826,3 046,3 130,1 )sdnasuoht( rebmuN
pu dna 56 46 ot 55 pu dna 56 46 ot 55 pu dna 56 46 ot 55 :egA
000,07$ evobA 000,07$ ot 000,03$ 000,03$ rednU :emocnI launnA
selpuoC deirraM
:egA dna emocnI launnA yb 5002 ni serutidnepxE ylretrauQ egarevA .21-A elbaT
¢
.yevruS erutidnepxE remusnoC 5002 eht fo sisylana ecivreS hcraeseR lanoissergnoC :ecruoS
955 072 013 961 542 002 elitnecrep ht52
419 005 576 204 444 434 naideM
615,1 581,1 342,1 378 297 318 elitnecrep ht57
%9.79 %0.77 %9.59 %0.47 %1.09 %9.16 gnidneps htiw tnecreP
erac htlaeH
540,1 039 056 596 864 085 elitnecrep ht52
054,1 173,1 598 389 426 068 naideM
569,1 541,2 982,1 584,1 629 792,1 elitnecrep ht57
%001 %001 %1.99 %001 %9.69 %9.69 gnidneps htiw tnecreP
dooF
527 029 014 325 091 123 elitnecrep ht52
934,1 527,1 128 271,1 774 946 naideM
599,1 769,2 686,1 278,1 321,1 514,1 elitnecrep ht57
%001 %8.89 %4.69 %1.79 %0.09 %8.09 gnidneps htiw tnecreP
noitatropsnarT
833,2 392,2 822,1 077,1 729 171,1 elitnecrep ht52
048,3 696,4 860,2 937,2 693,1 537,1 naideM
597,5 119,6 282,3 930,4 822,2 758,2 elitnecrep ht57
%001 %001 %001 %001 %001 %001 gnidneps htiw tnecreP
gnisuoH
935,9 070,01 518,4 780,6 018,2 075,3 elitnecrep ht52
685,21 910,41 154,6 099,7 211,4 209,4 naideM
812,91$ 965,02$ 492,9$ 363,01$ 350,6$ 265,7$ elitnecrep ht57
gnidneps latoT
623 065 758 670,1 153,2 157 )sdnasuoht( rebmuN
pu dna 56 46 ot 55 pu dna 56 46 ot 55 pu dna 56 46 ot 55 :egA
000,07$ evobA 000,07$ ot 000,03$ 000,03$ rednU :emocnI launnA
neM deirramnU
:egA dna emocnI launnA yb 5002 ni serutidnepxE ylretrauQ egarevA .31-A elbaT
¢
.yevruS erutidnepxE remusnoC 5002 eht fo sisylana ecivreS hcraeseR lanoissergnoC :ecruoS
006 623 004 532 762 351 elitnecrep ht52
050,1 806 827 074 325 823 naideM
055,1 078,1 551,1 578 398 337 elitnecrep ht57
%001 %3.49 %0.69 %8.58 %3.29 %1.67 gnidneps htiw tnecreP
erac htlaeH
149 038 056 006 614 554 elitnecrep ht52
964,1 053,1 049 369 585 517 naideM
012,2 579,1 663,1 524,1 548 399 elitnecrep ht57
%1.99 %001 %001 %001 %6.89 %7.99 gnidneps htiw tnecreP
dooF
000,1 108 023 426 851 582 elitnecrep ht52
496,1 277,1 586 371,1 953 006 naideM
078,2 899,2 403,1 659,1 307 783,1 elitnecrep ht57
%1.99 %001 %0.69 %9.79 %3.67 %5.29 gnidneps htiw tnecreP
noitatropsnarT
863,2 188,2 385,1 871,2 959 022,1 elitnecrep ht52
689,3 976,4 083,2 152,3 225,1 078,1 naideM
002,5 557,7 619,3 143,4 053,2 376,2 elitnecrep ht57
%001 %001 %001 %001 %9.99 %001 gnidneps htiw tnecreP
gnisuoH
419,9 022,01 113,5 093,6 596,2 254,3 elitnecrep ht52
385,21 518,41 222,7 917,8 077,3 528,4 naideM
159,71$ 225,02$ 138,9$ 405,11$ 834,5$ 956,6$ elitnecrep ht57
gnidneps latoT
214 355 985,1 646,1 550,7 020,2 )sdnasuoht( rebmuN
pu dna 56 46 ot 55 pu dna 56 46 ot 55 pu dna 56 46 ot 55 :egA
000,07$ evobA 000,07$ ot 000,03$ 000,03$ rednU :emocnI launnA
nemoW deirramnU
:egA dna emocnI launnA yb 5002 ni serutidnepxE ylretrauQ egarevA .41-A elbaT
¢
.46 ega naht redlo nosrep eno tsael ta edulcni redlo dna 56 dega selpuoc deirraM
.46 ega revo eno on dna dlo sraey 46 ot 55 nosrep eno tsael ta edulcni 46 ot 55 dega selpuoc deirraM :etoN
.yevruS erutidnepxE remusnoC 5002 eht fo sisylana ecivreS hcraeseR lanoissergnoC :ecruoS
5.4 0.2 8.7 0.3 9.9 5.3 elitnecrep ht52
1.8 0.4 1.31 4.6 7.61 9.7 naideM
7.31 9.7 5.02 4.11 3.72 6.61 elitnecrep ht57
%7.89 %0.39 %2.79 %7.58 %1.49 %6.08 gnidneps htiw tnecreP
erac htlaeH
1.8 9.7 4.01 8.9 6.21 4.11 elitnecrep ht52
4.11 8.01 5.41 6.31 5.71 1.61 naideM
2.51 4.41 9.91 5.81 3.42 7.22 elitnecrep ht57
%001 %001 %9.99 %001 %9.99 %001 gnidneps htiw tnecreP
dooF
0.7 3.8 5.7 3.9 5.6 3.8 elitnecrep ht52
9.11 1.41 9.21 2.51 7.11 1.41 naideM
7.81 4.12 3.02 9.22 2.02 4.32 elitnecrep ht57
%6.99 %8.99 %2.99 %1.99 %1.59 %3.59 gnidneps htiw tnecreP
noitatropsnarT
8.02 3.32 6.12 7.32 6.22 6.32 elitnecrep ht52
7.03 0.13 1.03 4.23 8.03 7.33 naideM
8.14 7.14 1.14 9.14 1.24 8.64 elitnecrep ht57
%7.11 %001 %0.001 %9.99 %001 %001 gnidneps htiw tnecreP
gnisuoH
556,11 728,21 965,6 784,7 561,4 151,5 elitnecrep ht52
450,61 397,71 649,8 548,9 409,5 737,6 naideM
726,22$ 175,52$ 991,21$ 622,31$ 853,8$ 128,9$ elitnecrep ht57
gnidneps latoT
282,2 010,5 164,4 826,3 046,3 130,1 )sdnasuoht( rebmuN
pu dna 56 46 ot 55 pu dna 56 46 ot 55 pu dna 56 46 ot 55 :egA
000,07$ evobA 000,07$ ot 000,03$ 000,03$ rednU :emocnI launnA
selpuoC deirraM
:egA dna emocnI yb 5002 ni yrogetaC yb serutidnepxE latoT fo erahS .51-A elbaT
¢
.yevruS erutidnepxE remusnoC 5002 eht fo sisylana ecivreS hcraeseR lanoissergnoC :ecruoS
9.3 7.1 5.5 1.2 1.7 4.3 elitnecrep ht52
2.7 8.3 2.01 1.5 6.11 8.6 naideM
7.31 6.7 3.71 3.9 6.71 5.21 elitnecrep ht57
%9.79 %0.77 %9.59 %0.47 %1.09 %9.16 gnidneps htiw tnecreP
erac htlaeH
5.7 8.6 3.9 2.9 8.01 3.11 elitnecrep ht52
1.11 8.9 8.41 8.21 0.71 8.71 naideM
8.61 9.31 5.02 4.71 4.32 1.42 elitnecrep ht57
%001 %001 %1.99 %001 %9.69 %9.69 gnidneps htiw tnecreP
dooF
3.5 2.6 3.7 4.8 4.5 2.7 elitnecrep ht52
3.11 1.31 7.21 1.31 7.11 4.31 naideM
1.61 1.02 9.12 3.12 7.22 2.22 elitnecrep ht57
%001 %8.89 %4.69 %1.79 %0.09 %8.09 gnidneps htiw tnecreP
noitatropsnarT
9.12 3.91 8.12 4.52 3.62 8.62 elitnecrep ht52
4.82 1.23 5.13 5.33 5.63 4.14 naideM
3.04 6.54 5.34 8.44 9.05 2.45 elitnecrep ht57
%001 %001 %001 %001 %001 %001 gnidneps htiw tnecreP
gnisuoH
935,9 070,01 518,4 780,6 018,2 075,3 elitnecrep ht52
685,21 910,41 154,6 099,7 211,4 209,4 naideM
812,91$ 965,02$ 492,9$ 363,01$ 350,6$ 265,7$ elitnecrep ht57
gnidneps latoT
623 065 758 670,1 153,2 157 )sdnasuoht( rebmuN
pu dna 56 46 ot 55 pu dna 56 46 ot 55 pu dna 56 46 ot 55 :egA
000,07$ evobA 000,07$ ot 000,03$ 000,03$ rednU :emocnI launnA
neM deirramnU
:egA dna emocnI yb 5002 ni yrogetaC yb serutidnepxE latoT fo erahS .61-A elbaT
¢
.yevruS erutidnepxE remusnoC 5002 eht fo sisylana ecivreS hcraeseR lanoissergnoC :ecruoS
0.4 3.2 5.5 6.2 3.8 3.3 elitnecrep ht52
4.7 7.4 8.9 2.5 3.31 7.6 naideM
6.21 7.8 9.51 5.9 6.12 0.31 elitnecrep ht57
%001 %3.49 %0.69 %8.58 %3.29 %1.67 gnidneps htiw tnecreP
erac htlaeH
8.6 4.6 9.8 7.7 9.01 6.9 elitnecrep ht52
4.01 0.9 3.31 0.11 4.61 2.51 naideM
1.71 8.21 8.81 9.51 1.32 9.02 elitnecrep ht57
%1.99 %001 %001 %001 %6.89 %7.99 gnidneps htiw tnecreP
dooF
3.6 0.7 9.4 8.7 5.4 7.6 elitnecrep ht52
0.11 7.11 1.9 6.31 0.9 8.21 naideM
1.81 4.81 3.61 1.02 5.51 3.22 elitnecrep ht57
%1.99 %001 %0.69 %9.79 %3.67 %5.29 gnidneps htiw tnecreP
noitatropsnarT
7.71 2.52 4.42 8.92 3.03 5.92 elitnecrep ht52
9.82 0.53 7.33 2.83 6.14 8.04 naideM
7.24 2.44 1.84 8.74 9.45 9.25 elitnecrep ht57
%001 %001 %001 %001 %9.99 %001 gnidneps htiw tnecreP
gnisuoH
419,9 022,01 113,5 093,6 596,2 254,3 elitnecrep ht52
385,21 518,41 222,7 917,8 077,3 528,4 naideM
159,71$ 225,02$ 138,9$ 405,11$ 834,5$ 956,6$ elitnecrep ht57
gnidneps latoT
214 355 985,1 646,1 550,7 020,2 )sdnasuoht( rebmuN
pu dna 56 46 ot 55 pu dna 56 46 ot 55 pu dna 56 46 ot 55 :egA
000,07$ evobA 000,07$ ot 000,03$ 000,03$ rednU :emocnI launnA
nemoW deirramnU
:egA dna emocnI yb 5002 ni yrogetaC yb serutidnepxE latoT fo erahS .71-A elbaT
¢
¢
Patrick Purcell
Specialist in Income Security
ppurcell@crs.loc.gov, 7-7571
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For other versions of this document, see http://wikileaks.org/wiki/CRS-RL34185