For other versions of this document, see http://wikileaks.org/wiki/CRS-RL33061 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Order Code RL33061 CRS Report for Congress Received through the CRS Web Homeland Security and House Committees: Analysis of 109th Congress Jurisdiction Changes and Their Impact on the Referral of Legislation August 30, 2005 Michael L. Koempel Senior Specialist in American National Government Government and Finance Division Judy Schneider Specialist in Congress Government and Finance Division Congressional Research Service ~ The Library of Congress Homeland Security and House Committees: Analysis of 109th Congress Jurisdiction Changes and Their Impact on the Referral of Legislation Summary The creation by the House of the standing Homeland Security Committee in the 109th Congress (H.Res. 5) has led to changes in the referral of bills and joint resolutions on a wide range of subjects under the broad rubric of homeland security. The House vested the new committee with jurisdiction over "overall homeland security policy," "organization and administration of the Department of Homeland Security" (DHS), and, with certain exceptions, over six DHS functions: border and port security, customs, homeland security information, domestic preparedness and response to terrorism, research and development, and transportation security. During House debate on H.Res. 5, Rules Committee Chairman Dreier inserted in the Congressional Record a "Legislative History" explaining the meaning and scope of the new committee's jurisdiction and the jurisdictional relationship between the new committee and 10 existing committees. This complex document is a guideline to the Speaker in his referral of legislation and to all the affected committees on their potential claim to jurisdiction over specific subject matter. This report analyzes the Legislative History to explain how it allocates jurisdiction among committees by retaining jurisdiction over some subject matter in one or more of the existing committees, by sharing jurisdiction over other subject matter between the new committee and one or more of the existing committees, and by defining the primary claim of the Homeland Security Committee to yet other subject matter. Realignment of House committee jurisdictions has traditionally been accompanied by concern and contention among committees. However, referrals reflecting the 109th Congress rules changes and the complex arrangements in the Legislative History seem to indicate that a jurisdictional denouement existed the first half of the first session of this Congress. Referrals seemed consistent with the Legislative History, and the rules changes seemed to be implemented without contention. Even in the potential sequential referral of two measures reported from the Homeland Security Committee, the committee reached agreements with existing committees that could claim jurisdiction. Whether the denouement lasts through inevitable change makes the evolution of the new committee's role worth watching. This report analyzes 828 bills and joint resolutions that were introduced in the 109th Congress through May 26, 2005, and that concerned subject matter included in the rules changes and the Legislative History. Additional criteria pertaining to the identification of legislation for the analysis is explained in the report. A committee- by-committee analysis shows the impact of rules changes on referrals of legislation to specific committees. An analysis of subject-matter jurisdiction, including a comparison to the referral of related measures in the 108th Congress, shows the impact on the referral of specific subject matter. This report will not be updated. For an analysis of options for homeland security jurisdiction, see CRS Report RL32711, Homeland Security: Compendium of Recommendations Relevant to House Committee Organization and Analysis of Considerations for the House. Contents Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Rule X Changes and Supplementary Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Legislative History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Referral Precedents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 H.Res. 5 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Selection of Measures for Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Legislation Included in Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Analysis of Referrals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Agriculture Committee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Armed Services Committee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Energy and Commerce Committee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Additional Critical Infrastructure Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Financial Services Committee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Government Reform Committee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Homeland Security Committee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Intelligence Committee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Judiciary Committee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Science Committee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Transportation and Infrastructure Committee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Coast Guard and Port Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 FEMA and Emergency Preparedness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 First Responders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Transportation Safety and Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Department Authorization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Ways and Means Committee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Sequential Referral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 DHS Authorization Bill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 First Responders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Delimiting the Jurisdictional Meaning of Homeland Security . . . . . . 35 Other Subject Matter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Implementation of the Rules Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 No Referral to the Homeland Security Committee . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Referral to an Existing Committee and the Homeland Security Committee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Armed Services Committee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Energy and Commerce Committee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Government Reform Committee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Judiciary Committee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Transportation and Infrastructure Committee . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Ways and Means Committee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 Measures Referred Solely to the Homeland Security Committee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 First Responders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 DHS Organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Homeland Security Strategy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Border Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Port Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Transportation Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Sequential Referral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Oversight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Concluding Observations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 Appendix 1 Bills and Joint Resolutions Included in Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Agriculture Committee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Armed Services Committee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Energy and Commerce Committee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 Financial Services Committee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 Government Reform Committee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 Homeland Security Committee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 Intelligence Committee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 Judiciary Committee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 Science Committee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 Transportation and Infrastructure Committee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 Ways and Means Committee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 Temporary Duty Suspension or Reduction Bills Referred to Ways and Means Committee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 Appendix 2 Hearings and Markups Related to the Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 Agriculture Committee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 Armed Services Committee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 Energy and Commerce Committee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 Financial Services Committee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 Government Reform Committee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 Homeland Security Committee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 Intelligence Committee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 Judiciary Committee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 Science Committee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 Transportation and Infrastructure Committee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 Ways and Means Committee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 List of Tables Table 1. Bills and Joint Resolutions Referred Reflecting the Rule X Changes in H.Res. 5 and the Legislative History to Accompany the Changes to Rule X . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Homeland Security and House Committees: Analysis of 109th Congress Jurisdiction Changes and Their Impact on the Referral of Legislation Introduction The referral of legislation and the jurisdiction of committees are closely related. The cornerstone of the House's referral system is a directive to the Speaker, who refers legislation.1 The Speaker is to refer legislation so as to -- ...ensure to the maximum extent feasible that each committee that has jurisdiction under clause 1 of rule X over the subject matter of a provision thereof [of a measure to be referred] may consider such provision and report to the House thereon.2 House Rule X, cl. 1 lists the jurisdiction of each standing committee of the House. The descriptions of jurisdiction vary, using both broad and narrow subject terms, program names, and agency names. The rule is supplemented by precedents, agreements, and other information. The parliamentarian's notes accompanying Rule X in the Constitution, Jefferson's Manual, and Rules of the House of Representatives, list precedents. Formal agreements between committees may be printed in the Congressional Record. Such agreements are often referred to as memoranda of understanding, and are generally considered by the parliamentarian to be binding in referral decisions. The Speaker also on occasion makes announcements concerning the referral of legislation. Other information, such as comments made on the floor of the House in the course of debate on the House's adoption of its rules, may also affect the referral of legislation. Since legislation under this system may need to be referred to two or more committees, the House at the beginning of the 104th Congress directed the Speaker to designate a "primary" committee in referring measures and to designate other committees to receive referral in addition, or sequentially.3 A committee receiving 1 The parliamentarian acts in behalf of the Speaker in referring legislation. 2 House Rule XII, cl. 2(b). See Sec. 101 of H.Res. 988, agreed to in the House Oct. 8, 1974. 3 House Rule XII, cl. 2(c)(1). See Sec. 205 of H.Res. 6, agreed to in the House Jan. 4, 1995. Before this change, the House allowed the Speaker to make a joint referral of a measure to two or more committees for concurrent consideration; other forms of referral were also allowed and are generally in effect today. See Sec. 101 of H.Res. 988, agreed to in the (continued...) CRS-2 a referral sequentially usually does so for the consideration of only those provisions within its jurisdiction. Subsequently, in the 108th Congress, the Speaker was given discretion not to designate a primary committee. Many congressional observers perceived that this change was to provide the Speaker with flexibility in referring homeland security legislation. The House amended Rule XII, cl. 2(c)(1) to add the phrase shown here in italic: (c) In carrying out paragraphs (a) and (b) with respect to the referral of a matter, the Speaker -- (1) shall designate a committee of primary jurisdiction (except where he determines that extraordinary circumstances justify review by more than one committee as though primary);4 The Speaker also has other referral options in order to allow each committee with a jurisdictional claim to have an opportunity to review a piece of legislation, and he may set "appropriate time limitations" on a referral.5 Committees also have oversight responsibilities, which provide them with authority to review or investigate matters of interest within their jurisdiction. General oversight responsibilities are described in House Rule X, cl. 2. Special oversight functions for specific committees are provided in Rule X, cl. 3. Oversight authority also extends from the grants of legislative jurisdiction in Rule X and from the enactment of laws and other actions. Consequently, there may be more overlaps in oversight jurisdiction between committees than there are in legislative jurisdiction. At the beginning of the 109th Congress, the House created a standing Committee on Homeland Security, vested it with jurisdiction in Rule X, and supplemented that jurisdiction with other documentation, principally a Legislative History described below. This report analyzes the referral of legislation to the new committee and other standing committees in light of the changes to Rule X and the supplemental guidelines in the 109th Congress, through the end of business before the Memorial Day district work period on May 26, 2005. 3 (...continued) House Oct. 8, 1974. Previously, the Speaker referred a measure to just one committee. 4 H.Res. 5, §2(i), agreed to in the House Jan. 7, 2003. In explaining the package of rules changes proposed to the House, Rules Committee Chairman Dreier said about this change: "Section 2(1) permits the joint referral of measures without designation of primary jurisdiction. This change is meant only as a minor deviation from the normal requirement under the rules for the designation of one committee of primary jurisdiction and should be exercised only in extraordinary jurisdictionally deserving instances." Rep. David Dreier, remarks in House, Congressional Record, daily edition, vol. 149, Jan. 7, 2003, p. H11. 5 House Rule XII, cl. 2(c). CRS-3 Rule X Changes and Supplementary Guidelines On January 4, 2005, the House created a standing Committee on Homeland Security in agreeing to H.Res. 5, providing for the adoption of the House's rules for the 109th Congress.6 New House Rule X, cl. 1(i)7 granted jurisdiction to the new committee: (1) Overall homeland security policy. (2) Organization and administration of the Department of Homeland Security. (3) Functions of the Department of Homeland Security relating to the following: (A) Border and port security (except immigration policy and non-border enforcement). (B) Customs (except customs revenue). (C) Integration, analysis, and dissemination of homeland security information. (D) Domestic preparedness for and collective response to terrorism. (E) Research and development. (F) Transportation security. The new committee was also given "special oversight functions," like those of other committees, in new Rule X, cl. 3(f),8 which stated: The Committee on Homeland Security shall review and study on a continuing basis all Government activities relating to homeland security, including the interaction of all departments and agencies with the Department of Homeland Security. To differentiate the jurisdiction of the new committee from that of existing committees, the homeland-security-related Rule X jurisdiction of three standing committees was amended by H.Res. 5. An addition was made to the Judiciary Committee's jurisdiction -- "criminal law enforcement"9 -- and the committee's jurisdiction over "immigration and naturalization" was amended to "immigration policy and non-border enforcement."10 The Transportation and Infrastructure Committee's jurisdiction over "related transportation regulatory agencies" was amended to add an exception -- "except the 6 "Rules of the House," debate in the House, Congressional Record, daily edition, vol. 151, Jan. 4, 2005, pp. H7-H31. 7 The rules changes contained in H.Res. 5 redesignated the paragraphs of clause 1, after paragraph (h), in order to insert the Homeland Security Committee alphabetically at clause 1(i). Conforming cross references were also made in other places in the House rules. 8 The rules changes contained in H.Res. 5 redesignated the paragraphs of clause 3, after paragraph (e), in order to insert the Homeland Security Committee alphabetically at clause 3(f). 9 Redesignated Rule X, cl. 1(l)(7). 10 Redesignated Rule X, cl. 1(l)(9). CRS-4 Transportation Security Administration."11 The committee's general jurisdiction over transportation was also amended to add an exception -- "transportation security functions of the Department of Homeland Security." This paragraph then read: Transportation, including civil aviation, railroads, water transportation, transportation safety (except automobile safety and transportation security functions of the Department of Homeland Security), transportation infrastructure, transportation labor, and railroad retirement and unemployment (except revenue measures related thereto).12 The Ways and Means Committee's jurisdiction over "customs" was amended to state "customs revenue." This paragraph then read: Customs revenue, collection districts, and ports of entry and delivery.13 Legislative History. Rules Committee Chairman Dreier inserted in the Congressional Record a Legislative History concerning the meaning and scope of the changes to Rule X.14 The Legislative History in the first part of its first section explained that the new committee's legislative jurisdiction over "overall homeland security policy" was to be interpreted "on a government-wide or multi-agency basis similar to the Committee on Government Reform's jurisdiction over `overall economy, efficiency, and management of government operations and activities....'" The Legislative History stated further: "Surgical addresses of homeland security policy in sundry areas of jurisdiction occupied by other committees would not be referred to the Committee on Homeland Security on the basis of `overall' homeland security policy jurisdiction." This part of the Legislative History gave an example of jurisdiction over critical infrastructure protection. The Homeland Security Committee would have jurisdiction over "coordinating the homeland security efforts by all of the critical infrastructure protection sectors," while jurisdiction "addressing the protection of a particular sector would lie with the committee otherwise having jurisdiction over that sector."15 Second, the Legislative History interpreted the new committee's legislative jurisdiction over the Department of Homeland Security's (DHS's) "organization and administration" to be "confined to organizational and administrative efforts and would not apply to programmatic efforts within the Department of Homeland Security within the jurisdiction of other committees."16 Third, the Legislative History explained the new committee's homeland security oversight jurisdiction. The new committee would have oversight jurisdiction over 11 Redesignated Rule X, cl. 1(r)(18). 12 Redesignated Rule X, cl. 1(r)(20). 13 Redesignated Rule X, cl. 1(t)(1). 14 "Legislative History to Accompany Changes to Rule X," Congressional Record, daily edition, vol. 151, Jan. 4, 2005, pp. H25-H26. Hereafter cited as "Legislative History." 15 Ibid., p. H25. 16 Ibid., p. H25. CRS-5 the "homeland security community of the United States." However, this jurisdiction would not necessarily circumscribe the oversight jurisdiction of other committees: Nothing in this clause shall be construed as prohibiting or otherwise restricting the authority of any other committee to study and review homeland security activities to the extent that such activity directly affects a matter otherwise within the jurisdiction of that committee.17 Fourth, the Legislative History in its second section interpreted the "individual committee concerns" between the new committee on the one hand and nine standing committees and the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence on the other. This section of the Legislative History detailed jurisdictional relationships covering a number of specific policy and programmatic areas; the relationships are detailed in the Analysis of Referrals section below. In addition, in further explanation of the relationship between the new committee and the Ways and Means Committee, the Legislative History contained a copy of the "Delegation from the Secretary of the Treasury to the Secretary of Homeland Security of general authority over Customs revenue functions vested in the Secretary of the Treasury as set forth in the Homeland Security Act of 2002."18 Referral Precedents. In the "Speaker's Announcements" for the 109th Congress, the Speaker included a statement about the referral of legislation to the new committee: The 109th Congress established the Committee on Homeland Security. The Chair would announce that the Speaker's referrals of measures to the Select Committee on Homeland Security of the 108th Congress will not constitute precedent for referrals to the new committee.19 (Emphasis added.) H.Res. 5 Summary. Chairman Dreier also inserted a section-by-section summary of H.Res. 5 in the Congressional Record, which included a summary of the jurisdiction granted to the Homeland Security Committee.20 In remarks to the House, Chairman Dreier commented on the creation of the new committee: ...This change in House rule X, which governs the committees and their legislative jurisdictions, is a delicately crafted architecture. It creates a primary committee while recognizing the other legitimate oversight roles of existing committees. We envision a system of purposeful redundancy. By that, we mean more than one level of oversight and an atmosphere in which the competition of ideas is encouraged. 17 Ibid., p. H25. 18 Ibid., p. H26. Hereinafter cited as "Delegation from the Secretary of the Treasury." 19 "Announcement by the Speaker Pro Tempore," Congressional Record, daily edition, vol. 151, Jan. 4, 2005, p. H35. 20 "Section-by-Section Summary of H.Res. 5, Adopting House Rules for the 109th Congress," Congressional Record, daily edition, vol. 151, Jan. 4, 2005, p. H12. CRS-6 With this jurisdiction and the legislative history that I will be placing in the Record, the Department of Homeland Security will have more certainty as to which committee has the primary responsibility for homeland security. At the same time, the American people will live with the assurance that we are working to prevent anything from falling through the cracks.21 Chairman Dreier's remarks seemed to emphasize the primary legislative role of the new committee within the House on the subject matter of homeland security and the complementary role of other committees on this subject matter. Selection of Measures for Study Criteria. The legislation included in this study was selected according to the following criteria: (1) only bills and joint resolutions, which are the forms of legislation that are used to make law; (2) all bills and joint resolutions referred to the Homeland Security Committee; (3) all bills and joint resolutions -- (a) referred to the nine standing committees and the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence named in the Legislative History, and (b) described by subject matter in the Legislative History; and (4) all bills and joint resolutions -- (a) referred to the three standing committees whose jurisdictions were amended by H.Res. 5, (b) described by the subject matter of the amendments, and (c) dealing with the duties of the Homeland Security Department or the subject of homeland security or both. "Referral" means the referral of bills and resolutions to committee at the time of introduction, including sequential referrals made at the time of introduction or later in the legislative process. Referral of legislation also means bills and joint resolutions received from the Senate and referred to one or more House committees. House and Senate measures not referred to committee are not included in this study. The standing committees named in the Legislative History were the Committees on Agriculture, Armed Services, Energy and Commerce, Financial Services, Government Reform, Judiciary, Science, Transportation and Infrastructure, and Ways and Means. As mentioned, the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence was also named. 21 Rep. David Dreier, remarks in the House, Congressional Record, daily edition, vol. 151, Jan. 4, 2005, p. H14. CRS-7 Again, the three committees whose jurisdictions were amended, as described above, were the Committees on Judiciary, Transportation and Infrastructure, and Ways and Means. The subject matter of the bills and joint resolutions included in the study was determined by examining the official title, the Congressional Research Service (CRS) summary of the legislation, and, in some instances, the legislative text, all of which appear on the Legislative Information Service (LIS). This study includes bills and joint resolutions introduced in the 109th Congress through May 26, 2005, the beginning of the House's Memorial Day district work period. Legislation Included in Study. The following table shows the number of bills and joint resolutions that met the criteria listed above and that were therefore included in the study. The table also shows the number of measures referred to the Homeland Security Committee or to another committee, noting which committee was designated as primary by the Speaker in making the referral. CRS-8 Table 1. Bills and Joint Resolutions Referred Reflecting the Rule X Changes in H.Res. 5 and the Legislative History to Accompany the Changes to Rule X Referral of Measures to the Referral of Measures to the Committee and Committee and the Another Committee Homeland Security But Not the Committee Homeland Security Committee Committee Total Mea- Com- Home- Another Com- Another of sures mittee land Com- mittee Com- Such Refer- Desig- Security mittee Desig- mittee Mea- red nated Com- Desig- nated as Desig- sures Solely as Pri- mittee nated as Primary nated as Refer- to mary Desig- Primary Primary red to Com- nated as Com- mittee Primary mittee Agriculture 7 6 0 0 1 0 0 Armed 28 17 1 0 2 4 4 Services Energy and 20 8 5 4 2 0 1 Commerce Financial 6 3 0 0 1 1 1 Services Government 74 35 2 1 1 10 25 Reform Homeland 50 18 n/a 13 19 n/a n/a Security Intelligence 6 1 0 1 2 0 2 Judiciary 87 60 7 7 2 6 5 Science 2 0 0 1 0 1 0 Transportation 50 31 2 9 1 3 4 and Infra- structure Ways and 498 486 1 2 2 2 5 Means Note regarding bills referred to Ways and Means Committee: Rep. Clay Shaw, chair of the Trade Subcommittee, Ways and Means Committee, notified the House on March 10, 2005, that Members planning to introduce tariff legislation or miscellaneous corrections to the trade laws do so by April 28, 2005, so that the subcommittee would have sufficient time to review the measures in preparation of a "miscellaneous trade bill." See [http://waysandmeans.house.gov/Special.asp?section=1718], visited June 17, 2005. The time frame to introduce these bills was subsequently extended by an e-mail notification. At least 454 of the bills referred to the Ways and Means Committee were introduced in anticipation of or in response to Chairman Shaw's announcement. CRS-9 Analysis of Referrals To summarize what appears above, measures are referred to committee based on a committee's jurisdiction. Rule X, cl. 1 lists these jurisdictions. Rule X is supplemented by precedents, which are set through prior referrals of measures and memoranda of understanding negotiated between committees. Other information, such as announcements by the Speaker, may also influence the referral of legislation. In the 109th Congress, the House created a standing Committee on Homeland Security, vesting it with jurisdiction in Rule X, cl. 1(i). This statement of jurisdiction was implemented most significantly by changes in the jurisdiction of three standing committees and by a Legislative History inserted in the Congressional Record that distinguished the jurisdiction of the new committee from those of 10 existing committees. Relevant excerpts from the rules changes and Legislative History appear below with the individual committee analyses. Moreover, the Speaker announced that referrals of legislation to the Select Committee on Homeland Security in the 108th Congress would not constitute precedent for referrals to the new committee. Finally, two specific matters described above also need to be restated. First, Chairman Dreier in remarks to the House seemed to emphasize the primary legislative role of the new committee within the House on the subject matter of homeland security and the complementary role of other committees on this subject matter. He said the changes in Rule X "create[d] a primary committee while recognizing the other legitimate oversight roles of existing committees."22 Second, the Speaker may under "extraordinary circumstances" refer measures to more than one committee without designating a primary committee (Rule XII, cl. 2(c)(1)). This authority, added to House rules in the 108th Congress, was perceived by many congressional observers to provide the Speaker with flexibility in referring homeland security legislation and some other legislation. However, the Speaker did not use this authority for any of the legislation included in this study. This section analyzes the implementation of the changes to Rule X in the referral of bills and joint resolutions in the 109th Congress through May 26, 2005. Agriculture Committee. The Homeland Security Committee's jurisdiction vis-à-vis the Agriculture Committee's was "limited to agricultural importation and entry inspection activities of the Department of Homeland Security." The Agriculture Committee "retain[ed] jurisdiction over animal and plant disease policy including the authority reserved to the Department of Agriculture to regulate policy" under the Homeland Security Act (P.L. 107-296, §421; 116 Stat. 2135, 2182-2184) and other laws, and over the "agricultural research and diagnosis mission at the Plum Island Animal Disease Center."23 22 Rep. David Dreier, remarks in the House, Congressional Record, daily edition, vol. 151, Jan. 4, 2005, p. H14. In addition, House Rule X, clauses 2 and 3 provide general and special oversight functions, respectively, for House committees. 23 "Legislative History," p. H25. CRS-10 Legislation dealing with the introduction of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) into the United States was referred solely to the Agriculture Committee. A bill to comprehensively amend immigration law (H.R. 2092) was referred to the Agriculture and Homeland Security Committees. The Judiciary Committee was designated as primary in the referral of the measure, which was referred in addition to the Ways and Means, Energy and Commerce, and Financial Services Committees. No measures were introduced and referred solely to the Homeland Security Committee that dealt expressly with the subject matter described in the Legislative History under the Agriculture Committee. Armed Services Committee. The Armed Services Committee "retain[ed] jurisdiction over warfighting, the military defense of the United States, and other military activities, including any military response to terrorism."24 Bills dealing with troop levels, ships, nuclear weapons, and other military matters were referred to the Armed Services Committee.25 Most of this legislation was referred solely to the committee. The committee was designated as the primary committee on four of these bills: ! H.R. 514, dealing with anthrax and smallpox immunization of members of the armed forces, which was referred in addition to the Veterans' Affairs Committee; ! H.R. 871, establishing reporting requirements for expenditures in Iraq and Afghanistan, which was referred in addition to the International Relations Committee; ! H.R. 1194, relating to public health and safety should U.S. nuclear weapons testing be resumed, which was referred in addition to the Energy and Commerce and Resources Committees; and ! H.R. 1348, providing for nuclear disarmament and economic conversion, which was referred in addition to the International Relations Committee. Other committees were designated as primary in the referral of four bills, which were referred in addition to the Armed Services Committee. The Judiciary Committee was designated as the primary committee in the referral of H.R. 1076, dealing with detaining a U.S. person or resident as an enemy combatant. The Science Committee was designated as the primary committee in the referral of H.R. 2420, on peaceful uses of space, which was referred in addition to the International Relations Committee. The International Relations Committee was designated as the primary 24 Ibid., p. H25. The Legislative History in addition references the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (P.L. 107-296, §876; 116 Stat. 2135, 2244), which states: "Nothing in this Act shall confer upon the Secretary [of Homeland Security] any authority to engage in warfighting, the military defense of the United States, or other military activities, nor shall anything in this Act limit the existing authority of the Department of Defense or the Armed Forces to engage in warfighting, the military defense of the United States, or other military activities." 25 Legislation dealing with pay and various benefits of military personnel and veterans was not included in this study. CRS-11 committee in the referral of H.R. 2011, relating to federal contracts for private security functions. And, the Government Reform Committee was designated as the primary committee in the referral of H.R. 2067, providing for an improved acquisition system. Three bills were referred to the Armed Services and Homeland Security Committees. H.R. 1291, dealing with medical countermeasures to radiation, was also referred to the Energy and Commerce Committee, which was designated as the primary committee in the measure's referral. In the referral of H.R. 1986, dealing with assistance by military personnel in border protection, the Armed Services Committee was designated as the primary committee. H.R. 2672, directing the Secretaries of State and Homeland Security to establish a program of mutual security and safety between the United States, Canada, and Mexico, was also referred to the International Relations Committee, which was designated as the primary committee in the measure's referral. No other measures were introduced and referred solely to the Homeland Security Committee that dealt expressly with the subject matter described in the Legislative History under the Armed Services Committee. Energy and Commerce Committee. The Homeland Security Committee was granted jurisdiction "over measures that address the Department of Homeland Security's activities for domestic preparedness and collective response to terrorism." There must be a "direct relation to terrorism," and the phrase "collective response to terrorism" provides the committee with jurisdiction over measures related to DHS's "responsibilities for, and assistance to, first responders as a whole." The Energy and Commerce Committee "and other relevant committees" retained jurisdiction over measures "addressing the separate entities that comprise the first responders."26 As noted earlier, the Legislative History provided that the Homeland Security Committee would have "jurisdiction over a bill coordinating the homeland security efforts by all of the critical infrastructure protection sections," but that jurisdiction over a measure related to a "particular sector" would remain with the committee having jurisdiction over that sector.27 One bill relating to specific first responders (H.R. 1794, relating to the New York City fire department) was referred solely to the Energy and Commerce Committee. Another measure dealing with first responders who are reservists called to active duty (H.R. 154, providing grants to states, localities, and tribes when such reserves are mobilized) was referred to the Energy and Commerce, Transportation and Infrastructure, and Judiciary Committees; the Transportation and Infrastructure Committee was designated as the primary committee in the referral. A measure providing for an increase in the number of political subdivisions receiving awards to improve state and local preparedness for bioterrorism and other public health 26 The statement of the Homeland Security Committee's jurisdiction includes "domestic preparedness for and collective response to terrorism" (Rule X, cl. 1(i)(3)(D)). The excerpts are from the "Legislative History," p. H25. 27 "Legislative History," p. H25. CRS-12 emergencies (H.R. 1987) was referred solely to the Energy and Commerce Committee. Ten bills were referred to the Energy and Commerce Committee and the Homeland Security Committee. The Energy and Commerce Committee was designated as the primary committee in the referral of five of these bills: ! H.R. 895, establishing interagency planning related to potential terrorist attacks against the Yucca Mountain Project; ! H.R. 1251, providing grants related to communications interoperability; ! H.R. 1291, relating to medical countermeasures to radiation, which was also referred to the Armed Services Committee; ! H.R. 2101, developing the READICall emergency alert system; and ! H.R. 2237, protecting the public against the threat of chemical attacks. The Homeland Security Committee was designated as the primary committee in the referral of a bill authorizing DHS grants to first responders (H.R. 91), which was also referred to the Transportation and Infrastructure and Judiciary Committees; a bill related to release of hazardous substances by acts of terrorism (H.R. 1562); and a bill providing homeland security grant coordination (H.R. 2041), which was referred in addition to the Transportation and Infrastructure and Judiciary Committees. In two instances of legislation referred to both the Energy and Commerce Committee and Homeland Security Committee, the Judiciary Committee was designated as primary in the referral of the legislation. It was designated as primary in the referral of H.R. 2092, a bill to comprehensively amend immigration law, which was referred in addition to the Ways and Means, Agriculture, and Financial Services Committees. The Judiciary Committee was also designated as the primary committee in the referral of H.R. 2330, dealing with border security and immigration, which was referred in addition to the International Relations and Education and the Workforce Committees. One measure reported by the Homeland Security Committee, H.R. 1817, the FY2006 Department of Homeland Security authorization bill, was sequentially referred to the Committees on Energy and Commerce, Government Reform, Judiciary, Science, Transportation and Infrastructure, and Ways and Means and the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence. Four measures related to the allocation of grant funds to first responders (H.R. 228, H.R. 1093, H.R. 1419, and H.R. 1544) were referred solely to the Homeland Security Committee. Another measure providing local-government grants for homeland-security preparedness that could be distributed to first responders (H.R. 796) was also referred solely to the Homeland Security Committee. Additional Critical Infrastructure Issues. The Energy and Commerce Committee has jurisdiction over the "domestic nuclear energy industry" (Rule X, cl. 1(f)(13)). A bill, H.R. 966, regarding criteria to be considered in relicensing nuclear CRS-13 facilities, was referred solely to the committee. One of the criteria listed is "vulnerability to terrorist attack" (sec. 2). H.R. 2689, increasing the security of radiation sources, was also referred solely to the committee. The Energy and Commerce Committee also has jurisdiction over the "regulation of interstate and foreign communications" (Rule X, cl. 1(f)(14)), and three measures, H.R. 998, H.R. 1323, and H.R. 2418, dealing with emergency or public-safety communications, were referred solely to the committee. H.R. 733, requiring emergency wireless telephone number access in subterranean subway stations, was also referred solely to the Energy and Commerce Committee. A measure amending the Homeland Security Act of 2002 to enhance cybersecurity (H.R. 285) was referred solely to the Homeland Security Committee. Financial Services Committee. The Financial Services Committee retained jurisdiction over the Federal Emergency Management Agency's (FEMA's) National Flood Insurance Program and Emergency Food and Shelter Program; the Defense Production Act; and the "anti-money laundering, terrorist financing, and anti- counterfeiting activities within the Department of the Treasury and the financial regulators."28 Legislation related to the National Flood Insurance Program and to terrorist financing were referred to the Financial Services Committee. With two exceptions, this legislation was referred solely to the Financial Services Committee. One bill related to international relations and terrorist financing (H.R. 1952) was referred to the International Relations and Financial Services Committees, with the Financial Services Committee designated as primary in the bill's referral. A bill establishing procedural protections for the use of national security letters (H.R. 2715) was referred to the Judiciary and Financial Services Committees, with the Judiciary Committee designated as primary in the bill's referral. One measure, H.R. 2092, a bill to comprehensively amend immigration law, was referred to the Financial Services and Homeland Security Committees. The Judiciary Committee was designated as primary in the referral of this bill, which was referred in addition to the Ways and Means, Energy and Commerce, and Agriculture Committees. No measures were introduced and referred solely to the Homeland Security Committee that dealt expressly with the subject matter described in the Legislative History under the Financial Services Committee. Government Reform Committee. The Homeland Security Committee was granted jurisdiction over the "organization and administration of the Department of 28 Ibid., p. H25. In addition to the subject matter described in the Legislative History, the Financial Services Committee also has jurisdiction over subject matter that can include homeland-security-related issues. For example, the committee's jurisdiction includes "insurance generally" (Rule X, cl. 1(g)(4)). A bill, H.R. 1153, extending the terrorism insurance program, was referred to the committee. This other subject matter is not included in this study. CRS-14 Homeland Security,"29 and the Government Reform Committee "retain[ed] jurisdiction over Federal civil service, the overall economy, efficiency, and management of government operations and activities, including Federal procurement, and Federal paperwork reduction."30 The Homeland Security Committee was granted jurisdiction over "integration, analysis, and dissemination of homeland security information by the Department of Homeland Security."31 The Government Reform Committee "retain[ed] jurisdiction over government-wide information management efforts including the Federal Information Security Management Act," and over "measures addressing public information and records generally including the Privacy Act and the Freedom of Information Act." The Legislative History also stated that the Government Reform Committee "shall have jurisdiction over the policy coordination responsibilities of the Office of Counternarcotics Enforcement."32 Bills related to the civil service, procurement and contracts, the Paperwork Reduction Act, Freedom of Information Act, and other matters of government efficiency and management were referred to the Government Reform Committee. Most of this legislation was referred solely to the committee. The committee was designated as the primary committee on 10 bills: ! H.R. 368, dealing with state driver's licenses, which was referred in addition to the Judiciary Committee; ! H.R. 839, relating to scientific integrity in federal research and policymaking, which was referred in addition to the Science Committee; ! H.R. 925, prohibiting federal agencies from accepting certain forms of foreign identification, which was referred in addition to the Judiciary, House Administration, and Armed Services Committees; ! H.R. 974, establishing a Corporate Subsidy Reform Commission, which was referred in addition to the Ways and Means Committee; ! H.R. 1418, including infertility treatment in certain health benefit plans, which was referred in addition to the Armed Services Committee; 29 The statement of the Homeland Security Committee's jurisdiction also includes this provision (Rule X, cl. 1(i)(2)). 30 "Legislative History," p. H25. 31 The statement of the Homeland Security Committee's jurisdiction also includes this provision (Rule X, cl. 1(i)(3)(C)). 32 "Legislative History," p. 25. The Government Reform Committee also has jurisdiction over the municipal affairs of the District of Columbia (Rule X, cl. 1(h)(2)), which may result in the committee dealing with homeland-security-related matters not described in the Legislative History. For example, H.R. 2057, to prevent the taking effect of the District's Terrorism Prevention in Hazardous Materials Transportation Emergency Act of 2005 and the Terrorism Prevention in Hazardous Materials Transportation Temporary Act of 2005, was referred solely to the Government Reform Committee. This other subject matter is not included in this study. CRS-15 ! H.R. 1455, including the Secretary and the Department of Homeland Security in lists of executive officers and departments, which was referred in addition to the Judiciary Committee; ! H.R. 1642, prohibiting federal agencies from obligating funds pursuant to certain appropriations earmarks, which was referred in addition to the Rules Committee; ! H.R. 2067, providing for an improved acquisition system, which was referred in addition to the Armed Services Committee; ! H.R. 2470, establishing a commission to review federal agencies and programs and recommend elimination or realignment, which was referred in addition to the Rules Committee; and ! H.R. 2517, dealing with federal retirees' annuities, which was referred in addition to the House Administration Committee. Another committee was designated as the primary committee in the referral of 25 of these bills: ! H.R. 220, regarding confidentiality of Social Security numbers, where the Ways and Means Committee was designated as the primary committee; ! H.R. 279, amending the Family and Medical Leave Act, where the Education and Workforce Committee was designated as the primary committee; this measure was referred in addition to the House Administration Committee; ! H.R. 475, amending the Family and Medical Leave Act, where the Education and Workforce Committee was designated as the primary committee; this measure was referred in addition to the House Administration Committee; ! H.R. 476, amending the Family and Medical Leave Act, where the Education and the Workforce Committee was designated as the primary committee; this measure was referred in addition to the House Administration Committee; ! H.R. 582, relating to privacy in the workplace, where the Education and the Workforce Committee was designated as the primary committee; ! H.R. 620, establishing a study of state driver's licenses, where the Transportation and Infrastructure Committee was designated as the primary committee; ! H.R. 692, excluding the Civil Service Retirement and Disability Fund from the federal budget, where the Budget Committee was designated as the primary committee; ! H.R. 705, dealing with fuel efficiency standards, including those of federal vehicles, where the Energy and Commerce Committee was designated as the primary committee; ! H.R. 735, providing infertility treatment under health plans, including federal plans, where the Energy and Commerce Committee was designated as the primary committee; this measure was referred in addition to the Ways and Means, Education and the Workforce, and Armed Services Committees; CRS-16 ! H.R. 818, providing acupuncture services under health plans, including federal plans, where the Energy and Commerce Committee was designated as the primary committee; this measure was referred in addition to the Ways and Means Committee; ! H.R. 942, dealing with procurement of architectural and engineering services, where the Transportation and Infrastructure Committee was designated as the primary committee; ! H.R. 994, pertaining to the tax treatment of federal civilian and military retirees' health insurance premiums, where the Ways and Means Committee was designated as the primary committee; this measure was referred in addition to the Armed Services Committee; ! H.R. 1069, protecting electronically stored personal information, where the Energy and Commerce Committee was designated as the primary committee; this measure was referred in addition to the Financial Services Committee; ! H.R. 1200, providing health care for all Americans, where the Energy and Commerce Committee was designated as the primary committee; this measure was referred in addition to the Ways and Means and Armed Services Committees; ! H.R. 1256, creating an exemption under the Freedom of Information Act, where the Agriculture Committee was designated as the primary committee; ! H.R. 1335, raising the mandatory retirement age of the Capitol Police, where the House Administration Committee was designated as the primary committee; ! H.R. 1410, providing hormone replacement therapy under health plans, including federal plans, where the Energy and Commerce Committee was designated as the primary committee; this measure was referred in addition to the Ways and Means, Education and the Workforce, and Veterans' Affairs Committees; ! H.R. 1589, providing several forms of assistance to working families, where the Education and the Workforce Committee was designated as the primary committee; this measure was referred in addition to the House Administration and Financial Services Committees; ! H.R. 1667, allowing leave under the Family and Medical Leave Act and Title 5, where the Education and the Workforce Committee was designated as the primary committee; this measure was referred in addition to the House Administration Committee; ! H.R. 1765, dealing with the tax treatment of benefits under federal student loan programs, where the Ways and Means Committee was designated as the primary committee; ! H.R. 1902, providing paid sick leave, where the Education and the Workforce Committee was designated as the primary committee; this measure was referred in addition to the House Administration Committee; ! H.R. 1993, allowing leave under the Family and Medical Leave Act and Title 5, where the Education and the Workforce Committee was designated as the primary committee; this measure was referred in addition to the House Administration Committee; CRS-17 ! H.R. 2290, reforming the federal budget process, where the Budget Committee was designation as primary; this measure was referred in addition to the Rules, Ways and Means, and Appropriations Committees; ! H.R. 2390, dealing with the tax treatment of certain fringe benefits, where the Ways and Means Committee was designated as the primary committee; and ! H.R. 2664, providing biennial budgeting, where the Budget Committee was designated as the primary committee; this measure was referred in addition to the Rules Committee. Three other bills were referred to the Government Reform and Homeland Security Committees: H.R. 418, dealing with state driver's licenses; H.R. 1310, amending the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 with regard to the Privacy and Civil Liberties Oversight Board; and H.R. 2331, strengthening laws providing an open government. The Judiciary Committee, to which H.R. 418 was also referred, was designated as the primary committee in the referral of that measure. The Government Reform Committee was designated as the primary committee in the referral of H.R. 1310, which was also referred to the Judiciary Committee and the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence. The Government Reform Committee was also designated as the primary committee in the referral of H.R. 2331. One measure reported by the Homeland Security Committee, H.R. 1817, the FY2006 Department of Homeland Security authorization bill, was sequentially referred to the Committees on Energy and Commerce, Government Reform, Judiciary, Science, Transportation and Infrastructure, and Ways and Means and the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence. Four measures referred to the Homeland Security Committee but not to the Government Reform Committee dealt expressly with the Homeland Security Department's organization. H.R. 58 and H.R. 1324 required the establishment of specific offices in specific locations. H.R. 1324 was referred in addition to the Judiciary and Ways and Means Committees. H.R. 285, amending the Homeland Security Act of 2002 to enhance cybersecurity and establish in the department a cybersecurity office, was referred solely to the Homeland Security Committee. H.R. 1805 proposed the creation of a northern border coordinator in the department; it was referred solely to the Homeland Security Committee. H.R. 44, directing the Secretary of Homeland Security to establish a panel to assess homeland security for the National Capital Region, where the federal government and its workforce is the dominant presence, was referred solely to the Homeland Security Committee. H.R. 1383, requiring annual reports from the President on national homeland security strategy, and H.R. 2035, requiring a report from the President on homeland security spending, were also referred solely to the Homeland Security Committee. CRS-18 Homeland Security Committee. Of the 50 bills referred to the Homeland Security Committee, 18 were referred solely to the committee. These measures dealt with -- ! homeland-security needs of the national capital region, ! border patrol (two bills), ! shipping containers, ! air cargo security, ! aviation security, ! first-responder grants (four bills), ! cybersecurity, ! seaport security (two bills), ! homeland security grants to local governments, ! national homeland security strategy, ! point of entry inspections for recreational boaters, ! reporting by the President on funding requested for certain homeland security programs, and ! DHS organization. Of the 32 bills referred to the Homeland Security Committee and one or more other committees, the Homeland Security Committee was designated as the primary committee in the referral of 12 bills. Eight of these measures were referred in addition to the Transportation and Infrastructure Committee; six to the Judiciary Committee; three to the Energy and Commerce Committee; and one to the Ways and Means Committee. These 12 measures were: ! H.R. 91, dealing with first-responder grants, which was referred in addition to the Transportation and Infrastructure, Judiciary, and Energy and Commerce Committees; ! H.R. 153, increasing rail and public transit security, which was referred in addition to the Transportation and Infrastructure Committee; ! H.R. 1109, increasing rail and public transit security, which was referred in addition to the Transportation and Infrastructure Committee; ! H.R. 1116, reducing vulnerability of public transit systems, which was referred in addition to the Transportation and Infrastructure Committee; ! H.R. 1196, improving the security clearance process on the U.S.- Mexico border, which was referred in addition to the Judiciary Committee; ! H.R. 1324, establishing a U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement Office of Investigations field office in Tulsa, OK, which was referred in addition to the Judiciary and Ways and Means Committees; ! H.R. 1414, directing the issuance of DHS regulations on shipping hazardous materials, which was referred in addition to the Transportation and Infrastructure Committee; CRS-19 ! H.R. 1562, protecting human health and the environment from release of hazardous substances through acts of terrorism, which was referred in addition to the Energy and Commerce Committee; ! H.R. 1818, making funds available from the Aviation Security Capital Fund to establish a checkpoint screening security fund, which was referred in addition to the Transportation and Infrastructure Committee; ! H.R. 2041, providing homeland security grant coordination, which was referred in addition to the Energy and Commerce, Transportation and Infrastructure, and Judiciary Committees; ! H.R. 2628, setting deadlines for machine-readable, tamper-resistant entry and exit documents, which was referred in addition to the Judiciary Committee; and ! H.R. 2649, strengthening aviation security, which was referred in addition to the Judiciary and Transportation and Infrastructure Committees. The Judiciary Committee was designated as the primary committee in the referral of seven bills that were referred to it and to the Homeland Security Committee: ! H.R. 173, dealing with port security, which was referred in addition to the Transportation and Infrastructure and Ways and Means Committees; ! H.R. 418, establishing regulations for state driver's licenses and identification security standards, which was referred in addition to the Government Reform Committee; ! H.R. 688, amending the Immigration and Nationality Act regarding terrorists, drug traffickers, illegal aliens, and others; ! H.R. 1320, regarding border security; ! H.R. 1502, regarding civil liberties, which was referred in addition to the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence; ! H.R. 2092, comprehensively amending immigration law, which was referred in addition to the Ways and Means, Energy and Commerce, Agriculture, and Financial Services Committees; and ! H.R. 2330, dealing with border security and immigration, which was referred in addition to the International Relations, Energy and Commerce, and Education and the Workforce Committees. The Energy and Commerce Committee was designated as the primary committee in the referral of five bills that were referred to it and the Homeland Security Committee: ! H.R. 895, regarding interagency planning for potential terrorist attacks against the Yucca Mountain Project; ! H.R. 1251, providing grants related to communications interoperability; ! H.R. 1291, relating to medical countermeasures to radiation, which was also referred to the Armed Services Committee; ! H.R. 2101, developing the READICall emergency alert system; and CRS-20 ! H.R. 2237, protecting the public against the threat of chemical attack. The Transportation and Infrastructure Committee was designated as the primary committee in the referral of two bills that were referred to it and the Homeland Security Committee: H.R. 1525, establishing a U.S. Commission on an Open Society with Security; and H.R. 2351, providing for safety and security of railroads. The Government Reform Committee was designated as the primary committee in the referral of two bills that were referred to it and the Homeland Security Committee: H.R. 1310, amending the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 with regard to the Privacy and Civil Liberties Oversight Board, which was also referred to the Judiciary Committee and the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence; and H.R. 2331, strengthening laws providing an open government. The Armed Services Committee was designated as the primary committee in the referral of one bill that was referred to it and the Homeland Security Committee, H.R. 1986, dealing with assistance by military personnel in border protection. In addition, a committee not included in the Legislative History, the International Relations Committee, was designated as the primary committee in the referral of H.R. 2672, directing the Secretaries of State, Homeland Security, and Defense to establish a program of mutual security and safety between the United States, Canada, and Mexico, which was referred in addition to the Armed Services and Homeland Security Committees. The Ways and Means Committee was designated as the primary committee in the referral of one bill that was referred to it and the Homeland Security Committee, H.R. 98, amending the Immigration and Nationality Act to restrict employment of unauthorized aliens through use of improved Social Security cards. This measure was also referred to the Judiciary and Education and the Workforce Committees. One measure reported by the Homeland Security Committee, H.R. 1817, the FY2006 Department of Homeland Security authorization bill, was sequentially referred to the Committees on Energy and Commerce, Government Reform, Judiciary, Science, Transportation and Infrastructure, and Ways and Means and the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence. Intelligence Committee. The Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence "retain[ed] jurisdiction over the intelligence and intelligence-related activities of all departments and agencies of the Federal Government, including the Office of the Director of National Intelligence and the National Counterterrorism Center as defined in the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004."33 The fiscal year 2006 intelligence authorization bill (H.R. 2475) was referred solely to the Intelligence Committee. 33 "Legislative History," p. H25. CRS-21 Two intelligence-related measures (H.R. 1157, exempting bookstores and libraries from orders for the production of certain items in certain foreign intelligence investigations, and H.R. 1526, regarding the protection of civil liberties in the exercise of foreign intelligence surveillance authorities) were referred to the Intelligence and Judiciary Committees, and the Judiciary Committee was designated as the primary committee in the referral. Two bills were referred to the Intelligence and Homeland Security Committees. H.R. 1310, amending the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 with regard to the Privacy and Civil Liberties Oversight Board, was also referred to the Government Reform and Judiciary Committees. The Government Reform Committee was designated as primary in the referral. H.R. 1502, regarding civil liberties, was also referred to the Judiciary Committee, which was designated as the primary committee in the referral. One measure reported by the Homeland Security Committee, H.R. 1817, the FY2006 Department of Homeland Security authorization bill, was sequentially referred to the Committees on Energy and Commerce, Government Reform, Judiciary, Science, Transportation and Infrastructure, and Ways and Means and the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence. No measures were introduced and referred solely to the Homeland Security Committee that dealt expressly with the subject matter described in the Legislative History under the Intelligence Committee. Judiciary Committee. The Judiciary Committee "retain[ed] jurisdiction over immigration policy and non-border enforcement of the immigration laws."34 The term immigration "shall be construed to include `naturalization'." Immigration policy "include[s] such matters as the immigration and naturalization process, numbers of aliens (including immigrants and non-immigrants) allowed, classifications and lengths of allowable stay, the adjudication of immigration petitions and the requirements for the same, the domestic adjudication of immigration petitions and applications submitted to the Department of Labor or the Department of Homeland Security and setting policy with regard to visa issuance and acceptance." Non-border enforcement is "limited to those aspects of immigration enforcement not associated with the immediate entry of individuals into the country, including those aspects of the Bureau of Immigration and Customs Enforcement." The Homeland Security Committee was granted jurisdiction over "border and port security including the immigration responsibilities of inspectors at ports of entry and the border patrol."35 As noted above, the Judiciary Committee's jurisdiction was also amended to add "criminal law enforcement" (Rule X, cl. 1(l)(7)). Legislation referred to the committee dealing with law enforcement agencies is included in this study. The 34 As noted above, this phrase was included in the amended jurisdiction of the Judiciary Committee (Rule X, cl. 1(l)(9)). 35 "Legislative History," p. H25. CRS-22 Judiciary Committee's jurisdiction over criminal law enforcement and over other subject matter, for example, crimes, civil liberties, and judicial proceedings (Rule X, cl. 1(l)), can include legislation with the purpose of addressing homeland security issues. Legislation with this purpose was also included in this study.36 Bills dealing with immigration were referred to the Judiciary Committee. Most of this legislation was referred solely to the committee. The committee was designated as the primary committee in the referral of two bills: H.R. 19, requiring employment eligibility verification, which was referred in addition to the Education and the Workforce Committee; and H.R. 2049, requiring certain federal service contractors to participate in a pilot program for employment eligibility confirmation, which was referred in addition to the Education and the Workforce Committee. Another committee was designated as the primary committee in the referral of three immigration-related bills: H.R. 209, regarding Cuban nationals playing professional baseball in the United States, where the International Relations Committee was designated as the primary committee; H.R. 368, dealing with state driver's licenses, where the Government Reform Committee was designated as the primary committee; and H.R. 925, prohibiting federal agencies from accepting certain forms of foreign identification, where the Government Reform Committee was designated as the primary committee, and the measure was referred in addition to the House Administration and Armed Services Committees. Bills dealing with criminal law enforcement were referred to the Judiciary Committee. Most of this legislation was referred solely to the committee. The committee was designated as the primary committee in the referral of four bills: ! H.R. 1076, dealing with detaining a U.S. person or resident as an enemy combatant, which was referred in addition to the Armed Services Committee; ! H.R. 1157, exempting bookstores and libraries from orders for the production of certain items in certain foreign intelligence investigations, which was referred in addition to the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence; ! H.R. 1526, regarding the protection of civil liberties in the exercise of foreign intelligence surveillance authorities, which was also referred to the Intelligence Committee; and ! H.R. 2715, establishing procedural protections for use of national security letters, which was referred in addition to the Financial Services Committee. Another committee was designated as the primary committee in the referral of two bills related to criminal law enforcement: H.R. 154, providing grants to states, localities, and tribes when first responders who are reservists are mobilized, where the Transportation and Infrastructure Committee was designated as the primary 36 See Judiciary Committee Chairman Sensenbrenner, letter on a proposed homeland security committee to then-Chairman Linder, Subcommittee on Technology and the House, Committee on Rules, Oct. 18, 2004. CRS-23 committee, and the measure was referred in addition to the Energy and Commerce Committee; and H.R. 926, allowing Veterans Affairs Department police to enforce certain state and local arrest warrants, where the Veterans' Affairs Committee was designated as the primary committee. Thirteen bills were referred to the Judiciary and Homeland Security Committees. The Judiciary Committee was designated as the primary committee in the referral of seven of these bills: ! H.R. 173, regarding port security, which was referred in addition to the Transportation and Infrastructure and Ways and Means Committees; ! H.R. 418, establishing regulations for state driver's licenses and identification security standards, which was referred in addition to the Government Reform Committee; ! H.R. 688, amending the Immigration and Nationality Act regarding terrorists, drug traffickers, illegal aliens, and others; ! H.R. 1320, regarding border security; ! H.R. 1502, regarding civil liberties, which was referred in addition to the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence; ! H.R. 2092, comprehensively amending immigration law, which was referred in addition to the Ways and Means, Energy and Commerce, Agriculture, and Financial Services Committees; and ! H.R. 2330, improving border security and immigration, which was referred in addition to the International Relations, Energy and Commerce, and Education and the Workforce Committees. The Homeland Security Committee was designated as the primary committee in the referral of six of these bills: ! H.R. 91, authorizing DHS grants to first responders, which was referred in addition to the Transportation and Infrastructure and Energy and Commerce Committees; ! H.R. 1196, improving the security clearance process on the U.S.- Mexico border; ! H.R. 1324, establishing a U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement Office of Investigations field office in Tulsa, OK, which was referred in addition to the Ways and Means Committee; ! H.R. 2041, providing for homeland security grant coordination, which was referred in addition to the Energy and Commerce and Transportation and Infrastructure Committees; ! H.R. 2628, setting deadlines for machine-readable, tamper-resistant entry and exit documents; and ! H.R. 2649, strengthening aviation security, which was referred in addition to the Transportation and Infrastructure Committee. Committees other than the Judiciary or Homeland Security Committee were designated as the primary committee in the referral of two bills to the Judiciary and Homeland Security Committees: H.R. 98, amending the Immigration and Nationality Act to restrict employment of unauthorized aliens through use of improved Social CRS-24 Security cards, where the Ways and Means Committee was designated as the primary committee, and the measure was referred in addition to the Education and the Workforce Committee; and H.R. 1310, amending the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 with regard to the Privacy and Civil Liberties Oversight Board, where the Government Reform Committee was designated as the primary committee, and the measure was referred in addition to the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence. One measure reported by the Homeland Security Committee, H.R. 1817, the FY2006 Department of Homeland Security authorization bill, was sequentially referred to the Committees on Energy and Commerce, Government Reform, Judiciary, Science, Transportation and Infrastructure, and Ways and Means and the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence. Four first-responder measures were referred solely to the Homeland Security Committee (H.R. 228, H.R. 1093, H.R. 1419, and H.R. 1544). Five bills dealing with border issues were referred to the Homeland Security Committee but not to the Judiciary Committee: ! H.R. 58, establishing a Border Patrol unit for the Virgin Islands; ! H.R. 780, amending the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 to fund additional Border Patrol agents; ! H.R. 1509, allowing an inspection program using videophone systems at certain points of entry in Florida; ! H.R. 1805, establishing the position of northern border coordinator in the Homeland Security Department; and ! H.R. 1986, authorizing the secretary of defense to assign members of the military to assist the Homeland Security Department in border protection functions. Science Committee. The Science Committee "retain[ed] some jurisdiction over the research and development activities of the Department of Homeland Security as such matters are incidental to the Committee on Science's existing jurisdiction (except where those activities are in the jurisdiction of another committee)."37 No measures appeared to be introduced that fit this explanation of jurisdiction in the Legislative History, and no measures were referred upon introduction to both the Science and Homeland Security Committees. A measure amending the Homeland Security Act of 2002 to enhance cybersecurity (H.R. 285) was referred solely to the Homeland Security Committee. One measure reported by the Homeland Security Committee, H.R. 1817, the FY2006 Department of Homeland Security authorization bill, was sequentially referred to the Committees on Energy and Commerce, Government Reform, Judiciary, Science, Transportation and Infrastructure, and Ways and Means and the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence. 37 "Legislative History," pp. H25-H26. CRS-25 Transportation and Infrastructure Committee. The explanation in the Legislative History of the jurisdiction of the Transportation and Infrastructure Committee vis-à-vis that of the Homeland Security Committee covered four areas of subject matter. One bill described by the rules changes and Legislative History is listed last in a fifth subject-matter area. Coast Guard and Port Security. The Transportation and Infrastructure Committee "retain[ed] jurisdiction over the Coast Guard." The Homeland Security Committee was granted "jurisdiction over port security [Rule X, cl. 1(i)(3)(A)], and some Coast Guard responsibilities in that area will fall within the jurisdiction of both committees."38 Three measures related to the Coast Guard were referred solely to the Transportation and Infrastructure committee: H.R. 889, authorizing appropriations; H.R. 1412, requiring notification to the Coast Guard of obstructions to navigation; and H.R. 1448, regarding the conveyance of a decommissioned cutter. No measures were introduced and referred solely to the Homeland Security Committee that dealt expressly with the Coast Guard subject matter described in the Legislative History under the Transportation and Infrastructure Committee. H.R. 173, regarding port security, was referred to the Judiciary Committee, which was designated as the primary committee in the referral, and in addition to the Transportation and Infrastructure, Ways and Means, and Homeland Security Committees. H.R. 478 and H.R. 1731, both dealing with port security, were referred solely to the Homeland Security Committee. H.R. 163, regarding empty shipping containers, was also referred solely to the Homeland Security Committee. FEMA and Emergency Preparedness. Jurisdiction over "emergency preparedness will be split" between the Transportation and Infrastructure and Homeland Security Committees. The Transportation and Infrastructure Committee "retain[ed] its jurisdiction under clause 1(r)(2) [of Rule X] over `federal management of emergencies and natural disasters'." The further explanation in the Legislative History is -- This means that the committee retains its general jurisdiction over the emergency preparedness and response operations of the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). Bills addressing FEMA's general preparation for disaster from any cause shall be referred to the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure. The Legislative History recognized the Homeland Security Committee's jurisdiction over DHS's "responsibilities with regard to emergency preparedness only as they relate to acts of terrorism." The committee "shall have jurisdiction over the responsibilities of the Office for Domestic Preparedness, in accordance with section 430 of the Homeland Security Act of 2002."39 38 Ibid., p. H26. 39 Ibid., p. H26. Section 430 of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (P.L. 107-296; 116 Stat. (continued...) CRS-26 Six bills dealing with FEMA or emergency preparedness, or both, were referred solely to the Transportation and Infrastructure Committee: H.R. 88, directing designation of a task force as part of the National Urban Search and Rescue System; H.R. 1137, improving the federal response to disasters; H.R. 1552, clarifying that the religious status of a nonprofit facility does not preclude its receiving disaster assistance; H.R. 1795, relating to the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001; H.R. 1870, expediting payment of certain federal emergency assistance; and H.R. 2338, designating a small-state advocate in FEMA. Two measures were referred to the Transportation and Infrastructure Committee and other committees: H.R. 566, relating to the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, where the Energy and Commerce Committee was designated as primary in the referral; and H.R. 1386, regarding drought preparedness, where the Agriculture Committee was designated as primary in the referral, and the measure was referred in addition to the Resources Committee. H.R. 1525, relating to the security of federal buildings and other federal property, was referred to the Transportation and Infrastructure Committee, which was designated as the primary committee in the referral, and in addition to the Homeland Security Committee. First Responders. The Legislative History cross referenced the subject matter described under the Energy and Commerce Committee. The Homeland Security Committee was granted jurisdiction over "domestic preparedness for and collective response to terrorism" (Rule X, cl. 1(i)(3)(D)), which the Legislative History explained "means that [the committee] would receive referrals of bills addressing the Department of Homeland Security's responsibilities for, and assistance to, first responders as a whole and not over measures addressing first responder communities individually."40 A measure dealing with first responders, H.R. 154, providing grants to states, localities, and tribes when first responders who are reservists are mobilized, was referred to the Transportation and Infrastructure Committee, which was designated the primary committee in the referral, and in addition to the Energy and Commerce and Judiciary Committees. A bill creating a national volunteer service corps to serve in domestic and international emergencies, H.R. 2724, was referred solely to the Transportation and Infrastructure Committee. A measure authorizing homeland security grants to first responders, H.R. 91, was referred to the Homeland Security Committee, which was designated the primary committee in the referral, and in addition to the Transportation and Infrastructure, Judiciary, and Energy and Commerce Committees. Another measure, H.R. 2041, providing for homeland security grant coordination, was referred to the Homeland 39 (...continued) 2135, 2191-2192) located the Office of Domestic Preparedness within the Directorate of Border and Transportation Security, established the position of director, and set forth the office's responsibilities. 40 "Legislative History," p. H26. CRS-27 Security Committee, which was designated the primary committee in the referral, and in addition to the Energy and Commerce, Transportation and Infrastructure, and Judiciary Committees. Four measures related to the allocation of grant funds to first responders (H.R. 228, H.R. 1093, H.R. 1419, and H.R. 1544) were referred solely to the Homeland Security Committee. Another measure providing local-government grants for homeland-security preparedness that could be distributed to first responders (H.R. 796) was also referred solely to the Homeland Security Committee. Transportation Safety and Security. The Homeland Security Committee was granted jurisdiction over "transportation security" (Rule X, cl. 1(i)(3)(F)). "In general," the committee "would have jurisdiction over bills addressing the Transportation Security Administration." The Transportation and Infrastructure Committee "retain[ed] its jurisdiction over transportation safety." It would have "jurisdiction over bills addressing the various entities within the Department of Transportation having responsibility for transportation safety, such as the Federal Aviation Administration and the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration." The Homeland Security Committee's jurisdiction "does not include expenditures from trust funds under the jurisdiction of other committees."41 Some measures referred solely to the Transportation and Infrastructure Committee -- such as H.R. 3, authorizing funds for federal-aid highways, highway safety, and transit; H.R. 168, establishing a goods movement program; and H.R. 911 and H.R. 1496, dealing with aviation at Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport -- may include security as one purpose or component of a broader federal program or activity. That is also the case for H.R. 242, authorizing funds for surface transportation research, where the Science Committee was designated as the primary committee in the referral, and the measure was referred in addition to the Transportation and Infrastructure Committee. (A related bill for surface transportation research, H.R. 243, was referred solely to the Science Committee.) H.R. 3 also authorizes expenditures from the Highway Trust Fund, among other purposes. A bill providing a temporary extension of highway and related programs, H.R. 2566, was referred to the Transportation and Infrastructure Committee, which was designated as primary, and in addition to the Committees on Ways and Means, Science, and Resources. Another bill, H.R. 35, authorizing expenditures from the Highway Trust Fund to widen Interstate 35 in Texas, was referred solely to the Transportation and Infrastructure Committee. All bills dealing with transportation safety but for one were referred solely to the Transportation and Infrastructure Committee. H.R. 909, establishing a hazardous materials cooperative research program, was referred to the Science Committee, which was designated as the primary committee, as well as to the Transportation and Infrastructure Committee. 41 Ibid., p. H26. CRS-28 A bill requiring a Government Accountability Office study of security measures for driver's licenses and the denial of licenses to illegal aliens (H.R. 620) was referred to the Transportation and Infrastructure Committee, which was designated as the primary committee, and to the Government Reform Committee. A bill, H.R. 418, establishing state driver's license and identification document security standards, was referred to the Judiciary Committee, which was designated as primary in the referral, and in addition to the Homeland Security and Government Reform Committees. A related bill, H.R. 368, was referred to the Government Reform Committee, which was designated as primary, and in addition to the Judiciary Committee. Neither H.R. 418 nor H.R. 368 was referred to the Transportation and Infrastructure Committee. Seven bills dealing with transportation security were referred to both the Transportation and Infrastructure Committee and the Homeland Security Committee. The Transportation and Infrastructure Committee was designated as primary in the referral of H.R. 2351, providing for safety and security of railroads. The Homeland Security Committee was designated as the primary committee in the referral of six of these bills. H.R. 153 and H.R. 1109 both dealt with rail transportation and public transit security, and H.R. 1116 dealt with public transportation security. H.R. 1414 directed the issuance of DHS regulations on shipping hazardous materials. H.R. 1818 made funds available from the Aviation Security Capital Fund to establish a checkpoint screening security fund. H.R. 2649 strengthened aviation security, which was referred in addition to the Judiciary Committee. A bill to improve air cargo security, H.R. 2044, was referred solely to the Homeland Security Committee. A bill, H.R. 2688, to establish a deadline related to screening for entry into secure areas of airports, was also referred solely to the Homeland Security Committee. Department Authorization. One measure reported by the Homeland Security Committee, H.R. 1817, the FY2006 Department of Homeland Security authorization bill, was sequentially referred to the Committees on Energy and Commerce, Government Reform, Judiciary, Science, Transportation and Infrastructure, and Ways and Means and the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence. Ways and Means Committee. The Ways and Means Committee's jurisdiction over "`customs revenue' is intended to include those functions contemplated in section 412(b)(2) of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 and includes those functions as carried out in collection districts and ports of entry and delivery."42 Section 412(b)(2) lists these functions as ...functions performed by the following personnel, and associated support staff, of the United States Customs Service on the day before the effective date of this Act: Import Specialists, Entry Specialists, Drawback Specialists, National Import Specialist[s], Fines and Penalties Specialists, attorneys of the Office of 42 Ibid., p. H26. CRS-29 Regulations and Rulings, Customs Auditors, International Trade Specialists, Financial Systems Specialists.43 The Legislative History also contained, as noted above, a memorandum from the Secretary of the Treasury delegating to the Secretary of Homeland Security general authority over customs revenue functions.44 This memorandum references section 415 of the Homeland Security Act of 2002,45 in addition to section 412 concerning customs revenue functions, which covers -- Assessing and collecting customs duties.... Processing and denial of entry of persons, baggage, cargo, and mail.... Detecting and apprehending persons engaged in fraudulent practices.... Enforcing section 337 of the Tariff Act of 1930.... Collecting accurate import data.... Enforcing reciprocal trade agreements.... Functions performed by [listed personnel].... Functions performed by [listed offices]....46 All tariff duty bills were referred solely to the Ways and Means Committee. Other bills amending the Tariff Act of 1930, the Trade Act of 1974, and other trade laws and dealing with subject matter such as the marking of an imported good were also referred solely to the Ways and Means Committee.47 Two measures dealing with relations with Cuba, H.R. 208 and H.R. 579, were referred to the Ways and Means Committee. The International Relations Committee was designated as primary in the referral of these two bills, which were referred in addition to the Energy and Commerce, Judiciary, Financial Services, Government Reform, and Agriculture Committees. Measures dealing with relations with Syria (H.R. 1141) and Libya (H.R. 1453) were referred to the Ways and Means Committee. The International Relations Committee was designated as primary in the referral of these two bills, which were referred in addition to the Financial Services and Government Reform Committees. H.R. 1170, extending permanent normal trade relations treatment to products of Ukraine, was referred to the Ways and Means Committee and in addition to the Rules Committee. H.R. 1498, regarding exchange-rate manipulation by the People's Republic of China, was referred to the Ways and Means Committee and in addition to the Armed Services Committee. 43 P.L. 107-296, §412(b)(2); 116 Stat. 2135, 2180. 44 "Delegation from the Secretary of the Treasury," Congressional Record, Jan. 4, 2005, p. H26. 45 P.L. 107-296, §415; 116 Stat. 2135, 2180-2181. 46 Ibid. 47 Tax, Social Security, health, and other measures related to noncitizens, first responders, the armed forces, or terrorist victims were also referred to the Ways and Means Committee, but were not included in this study. CRS-30 Four measures were referred to the Ways and Means and Homeland Security Committee. The Ways and Means Committee was designated as the primary committee in the referral of H.R. 98, amending the Immigration and Nationality Act to restrict employment of unauthorized aliens through use of improved Social Security cards, which was also referred to the Judiciary and Education and the Workforce Committees. The Homeland Security Committee was designated as the primary committee in the referral of H.R. 1324, establishing a U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement Office of Investigations field office in Tulsa, OK, which was referred in addition to the Judiciary Committee. The Judiciary Committee was designated as the primary committee in the referral of two bills that were referred in addition to the Ways and Means and Homeland Security Committees: H.R. 173, dealing with port security, which was referred in addition to the Transportation and Infrastructure Committee; and H.R. 2092, a bill to comprehensively amend immigration law, which was referred in addition to the Energy and Commerce, Agriculture, and Financial Services Committees. One measure reported by the Homeland Security Committee, H.R. 1817, the FY2006 Department of Homeland Security authorization bill, was sequentially referred to the Committees on Energy and Commerce, Government Reform, Judiciary, Science, Transportation and Infrastructure, and Ways and Means and the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence. Eight bills were referred to the Homeland Security Committee that were not referred to the Ways and Means Committee and that dealt with border issues: ! H.R. 58, establishing a Border Patrol unit for the Virgin Islands; ! H.R. 780, amending the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 to fund additional Border Patrol agents; ! H.R. 1320, pertaining to border security, where the Judiciary Committee was designated as primary in the referral; ! H.R. 1509, allowing an inspection program using videophone systems at certain points of entry in Florida; ! H.R. 1805, establishing the position of northern border coordinator in the Homeland Security Department; ! H.R. 1986, authorizing the Secretary of Defense to assign members of the military to assist the Homeland Security Department in border protection functions, where the Armed Services Committee was designated as primary in the referral; ! H.R. 2044, dealing with air cargo security; and ! H.R. 2672, directing the Secretaries of State and Homeland Security to establish a program of mutual security and safety between the United States, Canada, and Mexico, where the International Relations Committee was designated as primary in the referral and which was referred in addition to the Armed Services Committee. H.R. 974, establishing a Corporate Subsidy Reform Commission, was referred to the Government Reform Committee, which was designated as primary, and in addition to the Ways and Means Committee. CRS-31 Sequential Referral. At the time a bill or resolution is introduced, or later in the legislative process, such as upon the measure's being reported from a committee, a measure might be sequentially referred by the Speaker to one or more additional committees for their consideration of provisions of the measure within their jurisdiction. Sequential referrals may include a time limit on these committees' consideration. The two measures covered in this section were not sequentially referred at the time of introduction. It is their later legislative history that is helpful in understanding the Homeland Security Committee's jurisdictional relationship to other committees. DHS Authorization Bill. One bill reported from the Homeland Security Committee was sequentially referred after being reported. H.R. 1817, the FY2006 Department of Homeland Security authorization bill, was reported by the Homeland Security Committee May 3, 2005 (H.Rept. 109-71, Part I), with an amendment in the nature of a substitute. It was referred sequentially May 3 to the Committees on Energy and Commerce, Government Reform, Judiciary, Science, Transportation and Infrastructure, and Ways and Means and to the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence. The sequential referral provided the referral was "...for a period ending not later than May 13, 2005, for consideration of such provisions of the bill and amendment as fall within the jurisdiction of that committee...." The bill was reported with amendments May 13 by the Energy and Commerce Committee (H.Rept. 109-71, Part II) and the Judiciary Committee (H.Rept. 109-71, Part III). The other committees were discharged May 13 from further consideration of the measure. The Rules Committee reported a special rule May 17, 2005 (H.Res. 283, H.Rept. 109-84), making it in order for the Speaker to declare the House resolved into the Committee of the Whole to consider H.R. 1817. Under the special rule, one hour of general debate was divided equally and controlled by the chair and ranking member of the Homeland Security Committee. In place of the amendments recommended to the House by the Committees on Homeland Security, Energy and Commerce, and the Judiciary, the special rule made it in order to consider "as an original bill for the purpose of amendment...the amendment in the nature of a substitute printed in part A of the report [H.Rept. 109-84] accompanying this resolution [H.Res. 283]." All points of order against the amendment in the nature of a substitute were waived. The special rule was a "structured" rule, making in order only amendments specified in the report and placing additional restrictions on the consideration of the amendments.48 All points of order against the amendments were waived. 48 Twenty-four amendments were made in order. The sponsors of the amendments allowed by the special rule were members of the following committees: Agriculture, 1; Appropriations, 2; Armed Services, 1; Budget, 1; Education and the Workforce, 4; Energy and Commerce, 3; Financial Services, 4; Government Reform, 3; Homeland Security, 8; House Administration, 2; International Relations, 1; Judiciary, 4; Resources, 1; Rules, 3; Science, 5; Small Business, 1; Transportation and Infrastructure, 6; Veterans' Affairs, 1; and Ways and Means, 2. In addition, in its markup of H.Res 283 May 17, 2005, the Committee on Rules defeated seven motions to make in order other amendments. CRS-32 The House debated and agreed to the special-rule resolution 284-124, May 18, 2005, after ordering the previous question 226-199.49 The Speaker pro tempore subsequently declared the House in the Committee of the Whole to consider H.R. 1817. Homeland Security Committee Chairman Cox concluded general debate on H.R. 1817 by inserting in the Congressional Record "a series of letters exchanged between the Committee on Homeland Security and other standing committees, including the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence...concerning jurisdictional issues raised by this legislation."50 In their letters, Agriculture Committee Chairman Goodlatte and Armed Services Committee Chairman Hunter indicated that their committees would not seek sequential referral of H.R. 1817, with the understanding that the committees were not waiving their jurisdiction and that the committees were reserving the right to seek representation on a House-Senate conference to deal with provisions within the committees' jurisdiction. Intelligence Committee Chairman Hoekstra, whose committee received a sequential referral of H.R. 1817, indicated in his letter that the Intelligence Committee "waive[d] further consideration of the bill," with the same understandings included in the Agriculture and Armed Services letters. Government Reform Chairman Tom Davis and Ways and Means Committee Chairman Thomas in their letters included the same understandings, but also indicated that their committees forwent consideration of H.R. 1817 because of agreements reached between their committees and the Homeland Security Committee to include changes in the Homeland Security Committee's amendment.51 Seventeen amendments were agreed to in the Committee of the Whole, two by roll-call vote. Three amendments were rejected, all by roll-call vote, in the Committee of the Whole, including an amendment in the nature of a substitute offered by Homeland Security Committee Ranking Member Bennie Thompson. Three amendments were offered and subsequently withdrawn. After the Committee of the Whole rose and reported, no Member sought a separate vote on an amendment adopted in the Committee of the Whole, and the amendment in the nature of a substitute, as amended, was agreed to. Ranking Member Thompson offered a motion to recommit with instructions, which was defeated 199-228. The House passed H.R. 1817, as amended, 424-4. First Responders. A second bill, H.R. 1544, the Faster and Smarter Funding for First Responders Act of 2005, was not sequentially referred, but again Homeland Security Committee Chairman Cox inserted in the Congressional Record an exchange of letters regarding committees' jurisdiction between himself and the chairs of other committees. 49 Congressional Record, daily edition, vol. 151, May 18, 2005, pp. H3443-H3454. 50 Rep. Christopher Cox, remarks in the House, Congressional Record, daily edition, vol. 151, May 18, 2005, pp. H3462-H3465. Due to a printing error, the insertion was incomplete, and the set of letters was printed in the next day's Congressional Record, vol. 151, May 19, 2005, pp. H3688-H3691. 51 Ibid. CRS-33 H.R. 1544 was reported with an amendment in the nature of a substitute by the Homeland Security Committee April 28, 2005 (H.Rept. 109-65). The Rules Committee reported a special rule (H.Res. 269, H.Rept. 109-77) May 10, 2005. Under the special rule, one hour of general debate was divided equally and controlled by the chair and ranking member of the Homeland Security Committee. The special rule made it in order to consider "as an original bill for the purpose of amendment" the amendment in the nature of a substitute recommended by the Homeland Security Committee. All points of order against the committee amendment were waived. The special rule was a "structured" rule, making in order only amendments specified in the report and placing additional restrictions on the consideration of the amendments.52 All points of order against the amendments were waived. The House debated and agreed to the resolution by voice vote May 12, 2005, after ordering the previous question by voice vote.53 The Speaker pro tempore subsequently declared the House in the Committee of the Whole to consider H.R. 1544. Homeland Security Committee Chairman Cox during general debate on H.R. 1544 inserted in the Congressional Record an exchange of letters between the Committee on Homeland Security and other standing committees regarding sequential referral and the committees' jurisdiction. These committees were the Committees on Energy and Commerce, Judiciary, Science, and Transportation and Infrastructure. Each of the letters from the chairs of these committees waived sequential referral of H.R. 1544 in noting a desire to expedite floor action on the measure; stated that this waiver did not affect the committee's jurisdiction; indicated generally or specifically the jurisdiction of the committee over provisions in H.R. 1544; reserved the right of the committee to seek representation on a House-Senate conference to deal with provisions within the committee's jurisdiction; and requested that the letter and Chairman Cox's response be included in the Homeland Security Committee's report on H.R. 1544 and in the Congressional Record.54 Four amendments were agreed to in the Committee of the Whole. One amendment was rejected by roll-call vote. After the Committee of the Whole rose and reported, no Member sought a separate vote on an amendment adopted in the Committee of the Whole, and the amendment in the nature of a substitute, as amended, was agreed to. No Member made a motion to recommit. The House passed H.R. 1544, as amended, 409-10. 52 Five amendments were made in order. The sponsors of the amendments allowed by the special rule were members of the following committees: Appropriations, 1; Education and the Workforce, 2; Energy and Commerce, 2; Financial Services, 1; Judiciary, 1; and Transportation and Infrastructure, 1. 53 Congressional Record, daily edition, vol. 151, May 12, 2005, pp. H3204-H3211. 54 Rep. Christopher Cox, remarks in the House, Congressional Record, daily edition, vol. 151, May 12, 2005, pp. H3212-H3213. CRS-34 Conclusion At a news conference August 1, 2005, Homeland Security Department Secretary Michael Chertoff announced that a unit of DHS, the Bureau of Immigration and Customs Enforcement, had arrested 582 suspected gang members and their associates in the previous two weeks and more than 1,000 such individuals since March. The Secretary stated that more than ninety percent of those arrested were illegal aliens.55 This kind of announcement is a reminder of how broad is DHS's mandate. Congress created the department at President Bush's request to combat terrorism directed at the United States, and most Americans probably think of this role whenever they hear a reference to DHS. As the President explained his proposal for the department in addressing the nation: The Department of Homeland Security will be charged with four primary tasks. This new agency will control our borders and prevent terrorists and explosives from entering our country. It will work with state and local authorities to respond quickly and effectively to emergencies. It will bring together our best scientists to develop technologies that detect biological, chemical, and nuclear weapons, and to discover the drugs and treatments to best protect our citizens. And this new department will review intelligence and law enforcement information from all agencies of government, and produce a single daily picture of threats against our homeland. Analysts will be responsible for imagining the worst, and planning to counter it.56 Capturing suspected gang members who are illegal aliens, promoting recreational boating safety, and investigating counterfeiting are not federal programs that most Americans would probably think of as DHS responsibilities, but they also are, in addition to its homeland security responsibilities. The agencies and programs reorganized to form the department had many more congressionally mandated duties than homeland security. This situation challenged Congress in creating the department and, subsequently, in its own realignment of committee jurisdiction over homeland security. As indicated earlier in this report, the House created a Select Committee on Homeland Security in the 108th Congress and superseded its potential continuation with a standing Committee on Homeland Security in the 109th Congress. The new committee was given jurisdiction over "overall homeland security policy" and the "organization and administration" of DHS, but its jurisdiction over specific homeland-security policy areas was limited to "(f)unctions of the Department of Homeland Security" relating to those policy areas (Rule X, cl. 1(i)). With the establishment of the permanent committee, again as indicated, Rules Chairman Dreier inserted in the Congressional Record an extensive Legislative History to 55 Dan Eggen, "Customs Jails 1,000 Suspected Gang Members," The Washington Post, Aug. 2, 2005, sec. A, p. A2; Jerry Seper, "Anti-Gang Initiative Leads to 582 Arrests," The Washington Times, Aug. 2, 2005, sec. A, p. A1. 56 President Bush, Address to the Nation Proposing a Cabinet-Level Department of Homeland Security, June 6, 2002, available online at [http://www.whitehouse.gov/ news/releases/2002/06/20020606-8.html], visited Aug. 19, 2005. CRS-35 distinguish the new committee's legislative jurisdiction from that of existing committees, providing a guide to the Speaker in the referral of legislation. Much of the Legislative History served to distinguish strictly homeland security issues that would be under the exclusive or concurrent jurisdiction of the Homeland Security Committee, from both homeland-security-related issues and non-homeland- security-related issues that would continue to be under the jurisdiction of other committees of the House. This section of conclusions analyzes some of the choices the House made in realigning committee jurisdiction over homeland security and the operation of those choices related to the referral of legislation early in the 109th Congress. Delimiting the Jurisdictional Meaning of Homeland Security. In implementing the Rule X changes, the Legislative History contains three approaches to the Homeland Security Committee's jurisdiction. In addition, to understand the Legislative History's explanation related to a specific committee or subject-matter, one must look in more than one place in that document. First, the Legislative History details grants of exclusive jurisdiction. For example, the Homeland Security Committee was granted jurisdiction over "overall homeland security policy" (Rule X, cl. 1(i)(1)). The first section of the Legislative History, explaining the meaning of these and the other words in clause 1(i), states that the phrase overall homeland security policy is to be "interpreted on a government-wide or multi-agency basis similar to the Committee on Government Reform's jurisdiction over `overall economy, efficiency and management of government operations and activities'." 57 With regard to government-wide or multi- agency homeland security activities, the Homeland Security Committee was granted comprehensive jurisdiction. Second, the Legislative History details grants of shared jurisdiction. An example is in the jurisdictional relationship between the Homeland Security Committee and the Transportation and Infrastructure Committee. As defined by the "functions" assigned DHS in the Homeland Security Act of 2002,58 the Homeland Security Committee was granted jurisdiction over "port security" and "domestic preparedness for and collective response to terrorism" (Rule X, cl. 1(i)(3)(A) and (3)(D)). In the section of the Legislative History delineating the jurisdictional relationship between the two committees, the Transportation and Infrastructure Committee "retain[ed] jurisdiction over the Coast Guard." However, the Legislative History then explains the nature of shared jurisdiction over the Coast Guard: "...the Homeland Security Committee has jurisdiction over port security, and some Coast Guard responsibilities in that area will fall within the jurisdiction of both committees."59 57 "Legislative History," p. H25. 58 P.L.107-296; 116 Stat. 2135. 59 Ibid., p. H26. CRS-36 In this same section of the Legislative History, in the instance of emergency preparedness, the Transportation and Infrastructure Committee retained its "general jurisdiction" over the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). The Legislative History provides: "Bills addressing FEMA's general preparation for disaster from any cause shall be referred to the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure." With regard to emergency preparedness and terrorist acts, however: "The Committee on Homeland Security shall have jurisdiction over the Department of Homeland Security's responsibilities with regard to emergency preparedness only as they relate to acts of terrorism."60 Consequently, one might expect all or most Coast Guard and FEMA legislation to be referred to the Transportation and Infrastructure Committee; the Homeland Security Committee might seek a sequential referral. If legislation deals with port security and includes provisions affecting the responsibilities of the Coast Guard, or if the legislation deals specifically with emergency preparedness and acts of terrorism, the Homeland Security Committee might be designated the primary committee in a referral, with the Transportation and Infrastructure Committee possibly seeking a sequential referral. Third, as explained in the Legislative History, the 10 named committees each retained jurisdiction in many instances to the exclusion of the Homeland Security Committee, even when the programs or activities described are among DHS's responsibilities. For example, the Homeland Security Committee was granted jurisdiction over "border...security (except immigration policy and non-border enforcement)" (Rule X, cl. 1(i)(3)(A)). In the section of the Legislative History delineating the jurisdictional relationship between the Homeland Security Committee and the Judiciary Committee, the Legislative History amplifies the meaning of this provision of the Homeland Security Committee's limited jurisdiction, and the Judiciary Committee's relatively broad jurisdiction (Rule X, cl. l(9)), over immigration policy. The Legislative History explains: [The Judiciary Committee's] jurisdiction over immigration policy shall include matters such as the immigration and naturalization process, numbers of aliens (including immigrants and non-immigrants) allowed, classifications and lengths of allowable stay, the adjudication of immigration petitions and the requirements for the same, the domestic adjudication of immigration petitions and applications submitted to the Department of Labor or the Department of Homeland Security[,] and setting policy with regard to visa issuance and acceptance. Its jurisdiction over non-border enforcement shall be limited to those aspects of immigration enforcement not associated with the immediate entry of individuals into the country, including those aspects of the Bureau of Immigration and Customs Enforcement.61 The Homeland Security Committee's jurisdiction over specific components of immigration is carved out of the Judiciary Committee's continuing broad jurisdiction, and the explanation in the Legislative History seems clear that the carve-out does not provide the Homeland Security Committee with shared jurisdiction. Although the 60 Ibid., p. H26. 61 Ibid., p. H25. CRS-37 Departments of Justice, Labor, and State all play significant roles in executing immigration laws, the Homeland Security Department is the parent of the Bureau of Immigration and Customs Enforcement, the Bureau of Customs and Border Protection, the Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration Services, and other units, which have large workloads in executing immigration laws. Through its immigration jurisdiction, the Judiciary Committee continues to have a key legislative and oversight role affecting the Homeland Security Department. In addition, in seeking understanding of jurisdiction granted to the Homeland Security Committee or retained by other committees, it is often necessary to look in more than one place in the Legislative History. For example, to obtain a fuller understanding of the distinction of the Homeland Security Committee's jurisdiction from that of the Energy and Commerce Committee, one would look in the first section of the Legislative History, where the meaning of the jurisdictional grant to the Homeland Security Committee in Rule X, cl. 1(i) is set forth. There, it is explained that, while overall homeland security policy is within the jurisdiction of the Homeland Security Committee, specific instances of homeland security policy might be outside the committee's jurisdiction: "Surgical addresses of homeland security policy in sundry areas of jurisdiction occupied by other committees would not be referred to the Committee on Homeland Security on the basis of `overall' homeland security policy jurisdiction." This paragraph of the Legislative History then goes on to cite an example that is relevant to differentiating the Homeland Security Committee's and the Energy and Commerce Committee's (and other committees') jurisdictions: For example, the Committee on Homeland Security shall have jurisdiction over a bill coordinating the homeland security efforts by all of the critical infrastructure protection sectors. Jurisdiction over a bill addressing the protection of a particular sector would lie with the committee otherwise having jurisdiction over that sector.62 An additional distinction in the committees' jurisdictions appears in the section of the Legislative History delineating the jurisdictional relationship between the Homeland Security Committee and 10 existing committees. In the case of the Energy and Commerce Committee, after explaining a conceptual difference between its and the Homeland Security Committee's jurisdictions, there is another example of the distinction in jurisdictions: The Committee on Energy and Commerce (and other relevant committees) shall retain their jurisdiction over bills addressing the separate entities that comprise the first responders. For example, the Committee on Energy and Commerce shall retain its jurisdiction over a bill directing the Department of Health and Human Services to train emergency medical personnel.63 The section of the Legislative History distinguishing the jurisdiction of the Homeland Security Committee from 10 existing committees also contains, in the 62 Ibid., p. H25. 63 Ibid., p. H25. CRS-38 explanation of one existing committee's jurisdiction, distinctions that might be relevant to one or more of other existing committees. For example, the explanation of the Energy and Commerce Committee's jurisdiction contains this information that is applicable to the distinction between its and other committees' jurisdiction and that of the Homeland Security Committee: The Committee on Homeland Security shall have jurisdiction over measures that address the Department of Homeland Security's activities for domestic preparedness and collective response to terrorism [in Rule X, cl. 1(i)(3)(D)]. The words `to terrorism' require a direct relation to terrorism. The Committee on Homeland Security's jurisdiction over `collective response to terrorism' means that it shall receive referrals of bills addressing the Department of Homeland Security's responsibilities for, and assistance to, first responders as a whole. The Committee on Energy and Commerce (and other relevant committees) shall retain their jurisdiction over bills addressing the separate entities that comprise the first responders.64 A related statement explaining the Transportation and Infrastructure Committee's jurisdiction is short and is made more understandable, in reading the lengthier distinction contained in the Energy and Commerce Committee's jurisdictional explanation, where the larger framework is apparent. The brief Transportation and Infrastructure Committee statement reads: "The Committee on Homeland Security shall have jurisdiction over the Department of Homeland Security's responsibilities with regard to emergency preparedness only as they relate to acts of terrorism."65 Yet another instance in which an understanding of the jurisdictional distinctions between the Homeland Security Committee and the existing committees requires looking in more than one place are the references to the Homeland Security Act of 2002.66 For example, the Ways and Means Committee's jurisdiction was amended to "customs revenue" from "customs" (Rule X, cl. 1(t)(1)), consistent with the grant of jurisdiction to the Homeland Security Committee over "customs (except customs revenue)" (Rule X, cl. 1(i)(3)(B)). The explanation of the Ways and Means Committee's jurisdiction in the Legislative History states that the committee's jurisdiction -- ...over `customs revenue' is intended to include those functions contemplated in section 412(b)(2) of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 and includes those functions as carried out in collection districts and ports of entry and delivery.67 The cited section of the Homeland Security Act provides: FUNCTIONS. -- The functions referred to in paragraph (1) are those functions performed by the following personnel, and associated support staff, of the United States Customs Service on the day before the effective date of this Act: Import 64 Ibid., p. H25. 65 Ibid., p. H26. 66 P.L. 107-296; 116 Stat. 2135. 67 "Legislative History," p. H26. CRS-39 Specialists, Entry Specialists, Drawback Specialists, National Import Specialist[s], Fines and Penalties Specialists, attorneys of the Office of Regulations and Rulings, Customs Auditors, International Trade Specialists, Financial Systems Specialists.68 When the provision of the Homeland Security Act and the attachment to the Legislative History, "Delegation from the Secretary of the Treasury to the Secretary of Homeland Security of general authority over Customs revenue functions vested in the Secretary of the Treasury as set forth in the Homeland Security Act of 2002,"69 are read with the explanation, it seems clear that a specific and limited carving out of the Ways and Means Committee's jurisdiction over customs policy occurred. Similar to the Judiciary Committee retaining jurisdiction over important components of immigration policy, the Ways and Means Committee retained jurisdiction over important components of customs policy. Other Subject Matter. Not all legislative references to the words homeland security or terrorism are covered by the Legislative History. For example, benefits proposed in legislation to be made available to the victims of terrorist attacks, such as the victims of the 9/11 attacks, are not mentioned in the Legislative History. Such legislation introduced in the 109th Congress was not referred to the Homeland Security Committee, but to the committee or committees with jurisdiction over the benefit proposed to be bestowed. Another example of the use of the word terrorism that is absent from the Legislative History is terrorism insurance. Legislation introduced in the 109th Congress amending the Terrorism Risk Insurance Act of 200270 was referred to the Financial Services Committee. Drafting choices, including the U.S. Code or statutory provisions that might be amended; popular title options; and other considerations can influence the referral of legislation under the specific language of Rule X, cl. 1 and relevant interpretive materials, such as the Legislative History in this instance. The terms homeland security or terrorism included in legislation do not alone provide much guidance of how a bill might be referred, just as their absence does not.71 Implementation of the Rules Changes. The parliamentarian, acting for the Speaker, referred many and perhaps all measures included in this study pursuant to the changes to Rule X and the Legislative History that interprets those changes. The parliamentarian might also have referred to the Rule X changes and the Legislative History in considering how to refer measures that were not included in this study. The criteria set out in the section Selection of Measures for Study attempts to provide an objective basis for reading legislative and digest text so that a reader of this report could have an impartial explanation of how measures had been referred. 68 P.L. 107-296, §412(b)(2); 116 Stat. 2135, 2180. 69 "Legislative History," p. H26. 70 P.L. 107-297; 116 Stat. 2322. 71 See CRS Report 98-175, House Committee Jurisdiction and Referral: Rules and Practice, by Judy Schneider. CRS-40 A number of measures included in this study were introduced and referred to one or more of 10 existing committees but not the Homeland Security Committee. Other measures in the study were referred both to one or more of the 10 committees and to the Homeland Security Committee. Still other measures were referred solely to the Homeland Security Committee. No Referral to the Homeland Security Committee. There were a sufficient number of referrals to five of the existing committees, where no referral was also made to the Homeland Security Committee, to discern that referrals seemed consistent with the rules changes and the Legislative History. The Armed Services Committee was referred 25 measures that were not referred to the Homeland Security Committee. As noted in the committee-by-committee analysis above, and as can be observed from the list of legislation in Appendix A, these measures dealt with warfighting, military defense, and military activities. Seventy measures were referred to the Government Reform Committee that were not also referred to the Homeland Security Committee. As noted above, and as can be observed in Appendix A, these measures dealt with the federal civil service, the overall economy, efficiency, and management of government operations and activities, federal procurement, the Freedom of Information Act, and other subject matter described in the Legislative History. The Judiciary Committee was referred 71 measures that were not referred to the Homeland Security Committee. Nearly all of the measures dealt with immigration policy; several dealt with changes to the criminal code or affected criminal law enforcement, as the analysis above and Appendix A show. Thirty-six measures were referred to the Transportation and Infrastructure Committee but not to the Homeland Security Committee. These measures dealt with the Coast Guard, FEMA, first responders, and transportation safety, as shown in the analysis above and in Appendix A. The Legislative History explained the committee's claim to measures on the Coast Guard and FEMA, and the measures referred to the committee but not to the Homeland Security Committee seemed to match the criteria. First-responder legislation, pursuant to the Legislative History, was to be referred to one or more of the existing committees if the legislation dealt with specific first-responder entities, and the referrals to the Transportation and Infrastructure Committee but not to Homeland Security Committee seemed consistent with this criterion. The Transportation and Infrastructure Committee retained jurisdiction over transportation safety; such measures were referred to it. The Ways and Means Committee was referred 496 measures that were not referred to the Homeland Security Committee, most of which dealt with customs revenue functions, as the analysis above and in Appendix A show. Measures referred to the other five committees seemed consistent with the explanation of jurisdictions in the Legislative History, but too few measures were referred to these five committees, and not to the Homeland Security Committee, to CRS-41 be able to comment on the referrals. These committees, the number of referrals, and the general subject matter are as follows: ! Agriculture Committee -- six referrals -- animal disease policy, Animal Health Protection Act; ! Energy and Commerce Committee -- nine referrals -- communications, critical infrastructure, bioterrorism; ! Financial Services -- five referrals -- national flood insurance program, terrorist financing; ! Intelligence -- three referrals -- Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act, intelligence authorization; and ! Science -- one referral -- hazardous materials. Referral to an Existing Committee and the Homeland Security Committee. Numerous measures were referred to the Homeland Security Committee and to one or more of the 10 existing committees, with one of those committees designated in the referral as primary. (Not all measures that were referred to one of the existing committees and also to the Homeland Security Committee are listed here. One of the existing committees or the Homeland Security Committee was designated as primary in the referral of most of the measures appearing here. See the committee-by-committee analysis above for a complete record.) Armed Services Committee. The potential use of military personnel in border protection (H.R. 1986 and H.R. 2672) triggered the jurisdiction of both the Armed Services and Homeland Security Committees. The Armed Services Committee was designated as the primary committee in the referral of H.R. 1986; a related bill introduced by the same sponsor in the 108th Congress was referred to the Armed Services Committee, which was designated as the primary committee, and to the Select Committee on Homeland Security. The International Relations Committee was designated as primary in the referral of H.R. 2672 in the 109th Congress, which was referred in addition to the Armed Services and Homeland Security Committees. Energy and Commerce Committee. The jurisdictional relationship between the Energy and Commerce and Homeland Security Committees affected a number of referrals. With regard to communications issues, the Energy and Commerce Committee was designated as the primary committee in two referrals to it and the Homeland Security Committee (H.R. 1251 and H.R. 2101). Related measures introduced by the same sponsors in the 108th Congress were referred to the Energy and Commerce Committee, which was designated as the primary committee, and to the Select Committee on Homeland Security. Four other public-safety communications bills in the 109th Congress (H.R. 733, H.R. 998, H.R. 1323, and H.R. 2418) were referred to the Energy and Commerce Committee, but not to the Homeland Security Committee. The Energy and Commerce Committee was designated as primary in the referral of two critical infrastructure measures (H.R. 895 and H.R. 2237) to it and to the Homeland Security Committee in the 109th Congress. In the 108th Congress, related bills introduced by the same sponsors were referred to the Energy and Commerce CRS-42 Committee; the 108th Congress bill related to H.R. 895 was referred in addition to the Transportation and Infrastructure and Judiciary Committees. In the 109th Congress, the Homeland Security Committee was designated as primary in the referral to it and the Energy and Commerce Committee of one critical infrastructure bill (H.R. 1562). A related bill in the 108th Congress was referred solely to the Energy and Commerce Committee. Two other critical infrastructure bills in the 109th Congress (H.R. 966 and H.R. 2689) were referred solely to the Energy and Commerce Committee. The Homeland Security Committee was designated as primary in the referral of two first-responder bills (H.R. 91 and H.R. 2041) that were referred to it and the Energy and Commerce Committee in the 109th Congress. H.R. 91 was referred in addition to the Transportation and Infrastructure, Judiciary, and Energy and Commerce Committees. In the 108th Congress, a bill related to H.R. 91 introduced by the same sponsor was referred to the Select Committee on Homeland Security, which was designated as primary, and also to the Transportation and Infrastructure, Judiciary, and Energy and Commerce Committees. (The Energy and Commerce Committee had sole jurisdiction in the 109th Congress over two first-responder bills (H.R. 1794 and H.R. 1987). Four such measures were referred solely to the Homeland Security Committee (H.R. 228, H.R. 1093, H.R. 1419, and H.R. 1544).) The Energy and Commerce Committee was designated as primary in the referral of one medical research bill (H.R. 1291). Government Reform Committee. While a large number of measures referred to the Government Reform Committee met the criteria in the Legislative History, there were only two bills that were referred to it and the Homeland Security Committee, where the Government Reform Committee was designated as primary in the referral: H.R. 1310, pertaining to the independence of the Privacy and Civil Liberties Oversight Board, and H.R. 2331, dealing with the classification of certain government information. A bill related to H.R. 2331 that was introduced by the same sponsor in the 108th Congress was referred to the Government Reform Committee, which was designated as the primary committee, and in addition to the Select Committee on Homeland Security. Four bills introduced in the 109th Congress dealing with DHS organization were referred to the Homeland Security Committee and not to the Government Reform Committee (H.R. 58, H.R. 285, H.R. 1324, and H.R. 1805). Three measures relating to homeland-security strategy (H.R. 44, H.R. 1383, and H.R. 2035) were referred solely to the Homeland Security Committee in the 109th Congress. Judiciary Committee. The jurisdictional relationship between the Judiciary Committee and the Homeland Security Committee also affected a number of referrals. The Judiciary Committee was designated as primary in the referral of bills to it and the Homeland Security Committee where immigration policy appeared to be the dominant purpose of the legislation (H.R. 418, H.R. 688, H..R. 1320, H.R. 1502, H.R. 2092, and H.R. 2330). A bill related to H.R. 688 introduced by the same sponsor in the 108th Congress was referred solely to the Judiciary Committee. A bill related to H.R. 1502 introduced by the same sponsor in the 108th Congress was CRS-43 referred to the Judiciary Committee, which was designated as the primary committee, and to the Intelligence Committee; H.R. 1502 was also referred in addition to the Intelligence Committee. The Judiciary Committee was also designated in the 109th Congress as primary in the referral of a port security bill (H.R. 173), where changes to the criminal code seemed to dominate; the measure was referred in addition to the Homeland Security, Transportation and Infrastructure, and Ways and Means Committees. A related bill in the 108th Congress introduced by the same sponsor was referred to the Judiciary Committee, which was designated as primary, and in addition to the Transportation and Infrastructure and Ways and Means Committees. The Homeland Security Committee was designated as primary in the 109th Congress in the referral of bills to it and the Judiciary Committee where border functions rather than immigration policy appeared to dominate (H.R. 1196 and H.R. 2628). Five bills dealing with border issues were referred to the Homeland Security Committee but not to the Judiciary Committee (H.R. 58, H.R. 780, H.R. 1509, H.R. 1805, and H.R. 1986). The Homeland Security Committee was also designated as primary in the 109th Congress in the referral of bills that dealt with first responders as a whole (H.R. 91 and H.R. 2041). H.R. 91 was referred in addition to the Transportation and Infrastructure, Judiciary, and Energy and Commerce Committees. In the 108th Congress, as mentioned above, a bill related to H.R. 91 introduced by the same sponsor was referred to the Select Committee on Homeland Security, which was designated as the primary committee, and in addition to the Transportation and Infrastructure, Judiciary, and Energy and Commerce Committees. Four first- responder measures were referred solely to the Homeland Security Committee (H.R. 228, H.R. 1093, H.R. 1419, and H.R. 1544) in the 109th Congress. Also in the 109th Congress, the Homeland Security Committee was designated as the primary committee in the referral of an aviation security bill (H.R. 2649) and a DHS organization bill affecting border security (H.R. 1324). H.R. 1324 was referred in addition to the Ways and Means Committee as well as the Judiciary Committee. In the 108th Congress, a bill related to H.R. 1324 introduced by the same sponsor was referred to the Judiciary Committee, which was designated as the primary committee, and in addition to the Ways and Means Committee. Transportation and Infrastructure Committee. A third committee where the jurisdictional relationship with the Homeland Security Committee affected a number of referrals was the Transportation and Infrastructure Committee. The Transportation and Infrastructure Committee was designated as primary in the referral of a bill dealing with the security of federal buildings and other federal property (H.R. 1525). Six bills related to FEMA or emergency preparedness, or both, were referred solely to the Transportation and Infrastructure Committee (H.R. 88, H.R. 1137, H.R. 1552, H.R. 1795, H.R. 1870, and H.R. 2338). The Transportation and Infrastructure Committee was also designated as primary in the referral of a bill concerning railroad safety and security where there were key assignments of responsibilities to the National Transportation Safety Board CRS-44 and the Secretary of Transportation (H.R. 2351). A related bill introduced in the 108th Congress by the same sponsor was referred solely to the Transportation and Infrastructure Committee. The Homeland Security Committee was designated in the 109th Congress as primary in the referral of bills to it and the Transportation and Infrastructure Committee that dealt with transportation security (H.R. 153, H.R. 1109, H.R. 1116, H.R. 1414, H.R. 1818, and H.R. 2649). Bills related to H.R. 153, H.R. 1109, H.R. 1116, H.R. 1414, and H.R. 2649 introduced by the same sponsors in the 108th Congress were referred solely to the Transportation and Infrastructure Committee. The Homeland Security Committee was referred solely two transportation security bills (H.R. 2044 and H.R. 2688) in the 109th Congress. The Homeland Security Committee was also designated as primary in the 109th Congress in the referral of bills that dealt with first responders as a whole (H.R. 91 and H.R. 2041). H.R. 91, as mentioned above, was referred in addition to the Transportation and Infrastructure, Judiciary, and Energy and Commerce Committees. In the 108th Congress, a bill related to H.R. 91 introduced by the same sponsor was referred to the Select Committee on Homeland Security, which was designated as the primary committee, and in addition to the Transportation and Infrastructure, Judiciary, and Energy and Commerce Committees. Five first-responder measures were referred solely to the Homeland Security Committee (H.R. 228, H.R. 796, H.R. 1093, H.R. 1419, and H.R. 1544) in the 109th Congress. Two first-responder bills were referred to the Transportation and Infrastructure Committee and not to the Homeland Security Committee (H.R. 154 and H.R. 2724). Three bills related to the Coast Guard were referred solely to the Transportation and Infrastructure Committee (H.R. 889, H.R. 1412, and H.R. 1448) in the 109th Congress, while three bills related to port security were referred solely to the Homeland Security Committee (H.R. 163, H.R. 478, and H.R. 1731). In the 108th Congress, bills related to H.R. 163 and H.R. 478 introduced by the same sponsors were referred solely to the Transportation and Infrastructure Committee. Ways and Means Committee. The Ways and Means Committee and the Homeland Security Committee were referred two bills. The Ways and Means Committee was designated as primary for a bill dealing with the security of Social Security cards (H.R. 98), which was referred in addition to the Judiciary and Education and the Workforce Committees as well as the Homeland Security Committee. A related bill introduced by the same sponsor in the 108th Congress was referred to the Ways and Means Committee, which was designated as the primary committee, and in addition to the Education and the Workforce and Judiciary Committees. The Homeland Security Committee was designated as primary in the referral in the 109th Congress of a bill to create a new local office for a Bureau of Immigration and Customs Enforcement unit (H.R. 1324). H.R. 1324 was referred in addition to the Judiciary Committee as well as the Ways and Means Committee. In the 108th Congress, a related bill introduced by the same sponsor was referred to the Judiciary Committee, which was designated as primary, and in addition to the Ways and Means Committee. The Homeland Security Committee and not the Ways and Means CRS-45 Committee was referred eight bills in the 109th Congress dealing with border issues (H.R. 58, H.R. 780, H.R. 1320, H.R. 1509, H.R. 1805, H.R. 1986, H.R. 2044, and H.R. 2672). Measures Referred Solely to the Homeland Security Committee. Measures were referred solely to the Homeland Security Committee that relied on the rules changes and the criteria of the Legislative History pertinent to six of the existing committees: Energy and Commerce, Government Reform, Judiciary, Science, Transportation and Infrastructure, and Ways and Means. No measures seemed to be referred solely to the Homeland Security Committee that related expressly to the rules changes and the criteria of the Legislative History pertinent to the Committees on Agriculture, Armed Services, or Financial Services, or the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence. First Responders. Five bills that dealt with first responders as a whole (H.R. 228, H.R. 796, H.R. 1093, H.R. 1419, and H.R. 1544) were referred solely to the Homeland Security Committee. A bill related to H.R. 228 introduced by the same sponsor in the 108th Congress was referred to the Judiciary Committee. A bill related to H.R. 796 introduced by the same sponsor in the 108th Congress was referred to the Transportation and Infrastructure Committee, which was designated as primary, and in addition to the Judiciary and Energy and Commerce Committees. H.R. 1544 is discussed below under Sequential Referral. DHS Organization. Three bills referred solely to the Homeland Security Committee pertained to DHS's organization (H.R. 58, H.R. 285, and H.R. 1805). H.R. 58 requires the establishment of a specific office in specific location. A related bill to H.R. 58 introduced by the same sponsor in the 108th Congress was referred to the Judiciary Committee. A bill to establish a National Cybersecurity Office in DHS and assign duties to the office (H.R. 285) was also referred solely to the Homeland Security Committee. A related bill introduced by the same sponsor in the 108th Congress was referred to the Select Committee on Homeland Security, which was designated as primary, and in addition to the Science Committee. H.R. 1805, creating a northern border coordinator in DHS, was referred solely to the Homeland Security Committee. A related bill introduced by the same sponsor in the 108th Congress was referred to the Select Committee on Homeland Security, which was designated as the primary committee, and in addition to the Judiciary, Transportation and Infrastructure, and Ways and Means Committees. Homeland Security Strategy. The Homeland Security Committee also received the exclusive referral of a bill related to domestic terrorism preparedness of the national capital area (H.R. 44) and to national homeland-security strategy and spending (H.R. 1383 and H.R. 2035, respectively). In the 108th Congress, a related bill to H.R. 44 introduced by the same sponsor was referred to the Select Committee on Homeland Security. Border Security. The Homeland Security Committee received sole referral of bills related to border security (H.R. 58, H.R. 780, and H.R. 1509). As noted above, CRS-46 a related bill to H.R. 58 introduced by the same sponsor in the 108th Congress was referred to the Judiciary Committee. As also described above, H.R. 1805, creating a northern border coordinator in DHS, was referred solely to the Homeland Security Committee in the 109th Congress. A related bill introduced by the same sponsor in the 108th Congress was referred to the Select Committee on Homeland Security, which was designated as the primary committee, and in addition to the Judiciary, Transportation and Infrastructure, and Ways and Means Committees. Port Security. Three port security bills were referred solely to the Homeland Security Committee (H.R. 163, H.R. 478, and H.R. 1731). In the 108th Congress, bills related to H.R. 163 and H.R. 478 introduced by the same sponsors were referred solely to the Transportation and Infrastructure Committee. Transportation Security. Two measures pertaining to transportation security were referred to the Homeland Security Committee (H.R. 2044 and H.R. 2688). Bills related to these bills introduced by the same sponsors in the 108th Congress were referred solely to the Transportation and Infrastructure Committee. Sequential Referral. As discussed earlier in this report, two bills reported from the Homeland Security Committee could have been the subject of a sequential referral. The DHS authorization bill (H.R. 1817) was sequentially referred to seven of the 10 existing committees named in the Legislative History. No referral was made to the Agriculture, Armed Services, or Financial Services Committee; however, the Agriculture and Armed Services Committees had for one time waived their right to a sequential referral. The first-responder bill reported from the Homeland Security Committee (H.R. 1544) was not sequentially referred to another committee since the Homeland Security Committee was successful in obtaining one-time waivers of referral. The committees agreeing to waivers were the Energy and Commerce, Judiciary, Science, and Transportation and Infrastructure Committees. A related bill introduced by the same sponsor in the 108th Congress was referred to the Select Committee on Homeland Security, which was designated as primary, and in addition to the Transportation and Infrastructure, Judiciary, Energy and Commerce, and Science Committees. Oversight. As noted in the Introduction, committees' oversight jurisdiction may have more frequent overlaps than their legislative jurisdiction. Appendix B lists all committee meetings expressly relevant to the subject matter of the House rules changes and the Legislative History that were held by the Homeland Security Committee and the 10 existing committees, through May 26, 2005. Many of these meetings are hearings and markups related to specific legislation; others are oversight hearings on an issue, which, of course, could result in legislative activity or would inform legislative activity. CRS-47 The committees held more meetings than are listed in Appendix B. Other meetings did not expressly relate to the subject matter of the rules changes or the Legislative History. The subject matter of the Homeland Security Committee's meetings seemed targeted and closely related to the specific aspects of its legislative jurisdiction. Other committees' meetings also seemed to be focused on discrete subject matter within their jurisdiction. Comparing the list of topics on which the committees held hearings, there were few hearings where the topic of a hearing in one committee was the same topic in another hearing, although a hearing by one committee on an agency budget or a specific program could well have contained testimony of interest to another committee. Concluding Observations. Realignment of committee jurisdiction -- whether accomplished legislatively through amendments to chamber rules, or changed through precedent created by bill referrals and memoranda of understanding, or negotiated in a legislative history -- traditionally causes concern, if not outright conflict, among committees. As jurisdictional realignment is discussed initially as a possibility in Congress, committees begin to explain why such a change would disadvantage them and congressional policymaking. And, once changes are made, committees do not always adhere to the new arrangements without complaint -- whether in public or through less public forums. What is rare, therefore, is the response of affected House committees to the changes made to accommodate the creation of a Homeland Security Committee with legislative authority. Debate on the Rule X changes and the Legislative History related to the Homeland Security Committee's creation cannot be considered extensive, detailed, contentious, or overt. Even the minority party's alternative House rules package did not include a different approach to homeland security jurisdiction, and debate on the minority-party package did not engender much discussion on the creation of the new committee and the related jurisdictional changes. Existing committees' concerns with a standing Homeland Security Committee were voiced, or at least could have been voiced, at the time changes were being designed during the second session of the 108th Congress. In fact, both the Select Committee on Homeland Security and the House Rules Committee held hearings in the 108th Congress on the creation of a homeland security committee and on possible jurisdictional changes that creation of a committee might necessitate.72 Some committee chairs and ranking members objected to the creation of a standing Homeland Security Committee, arguing and documenting that their panels had conducted oversight and considered appropriate legislation. In addition, some argued that a new committee would exacerbate, rather than solve, the jurisdictional problem that advocates of a new committee hoped to ameliorate. By the time the 109th Congress convened, it is possible that no chair of an existing committee wanted to object to jurisdictional realignment related to homeland security for fear of being 72 See CRS Report RL32711, Homeland Security: Compendium of Recommendations Relevant to House Committee Organization and Analysis of Considerations for the House, by Michael L. Koempel. CRS-48 thought to be opposed to homeland security, rather than to a new House structure to deal with the issue. As legislation began to be introduced and referred pursuant to the Rule X changes, there was no public indication that committees sought referrals of legislation where they thought a referral was incorrectly made. In some instances, the referral of a particular bill, when compared to a related bill introduced in the 108th Congress, was simplified, as advocates of the new committee expected. In other instances, the referral of a particular bill, when compared to a related bill introduced in the 108th Congress, was referred to yet another committee, as opponents of a new committee predicted. In fact, as the preceding analysis seems to attest, referral of legislation that could have been made differently -- in the designation of a primary committee or in the failure of a committee to receive a referral at all -- was not questioned on the floor. There were also no additional memoranda of understanding included in the Congressional Record. Whether this denouement erodes through time remains to be seen. It should be noted, however, and could be argued, that committees with jurisdiction over aspects of homeland security -- such as first responders, immigration, and transportation security, among others -- that were most affected by the creation of a new committee on homeland security with legislative jurisdiction were busy, some might say consumed, with work on other pressing issues in the first quarter of the 109th Congress. For example, the Energy and Commerce Committee reported out a comprehensive energy bill (H.R. 6, P.L. 109-58); the Transportation and Infrastructure Committee completed work on a highway bill after a number of temporary extensions of programs authorized by the legislation (H.R. 3, P.L. 109-59); and the Judiciary Committee finished work on reauthorization of the USA Patriot Act (H.R. 3199). Other committees were also involved with major legislation, such as the Ways and Means Committee's consideration of the Dominican Republic-Central America Free Trade Agreement (DR-CAFTA) (H.R. 3045, P.L. 109-53) and Social Security reform, and the Government Reform Committee held extensive hearings on steroids use in professional sports. This observation is not to imply that committees cannot consider several important issues at a time, but to indicate the workload of Congress to-date. It also remains to be seen how a change in the chair of the Homeland Security Committee might affect bill referrals. On June 30, 2005, President Bush nominated Representative Christopher Cox of California, the first chair of the new committee, to be a member of the Securities and Exchange Commission; the Senate confirmed the nomination July 29, 2005. In addition to chairing the standing committee in the 109th Congress, Representative Cox also chaired the Select Committee on Homeland Security in the 108th Congress. The select committee issued a report under Chairman Cox's leadership that recommended the creation of a standing committee with jurisdiction broader than that granted the standing committee in the Rule X changes in the 109th Congress.73 Chairman Cox also indicated his views on the role of a 73 House Select Committee on Homeland Security, Recommendations of the Select Committee on Homeland Security on Changes to the Rules of the House of Representatives (continued...) CRS-49 standing committee in statements and testimony at hearings in the 108th Congress.74 Potential candidates to chair the Homeland Security Committee might have a different view from Chairman Cox's of the committee's role within the House's committee system. One of the potential candidates for chair expressed his opposition in hearings in 2004 to the committee's creation; the Member currently chairs one of the panels, the jurisdiction of which was changed in Rule X to accommodate the new committee. Two potential candidates serve on two other committees with jurisdiction over homeland security issues and other subject matter that is covered in the Legislative History. A fourth potential candidate was an advocate of creating the Homeland Security Committee and giving it defined jurisdiction. As has already been noted, Rules Committee Chairman Dreier stated the Rule X changes reflected a "delicately crafted architecture," a "system of purposeful redundancy," and an "atmosphere in which the competition of ideas is encouraged."75 These concepts seem to indicate a flexible arrangement operating within the Rule X changes and the guidance of the Legislative History. It is too early to tell whether the patterns observed in this study will continue. Congress is always an evolving institution, and the Homeland Security Committee and its jurisdictional relationship with other committees are likely to evolve within the flexible arrangement put in place by the House. A new Secretary of Homeland Security since February 15, 2005; a new chair of the Homeland Security Committee to be selected following the August 2005 recess; the absence since 9/11 but potential for another terrorist attack on the homeland; and other factors endogenous and exogenous to Congress may all influence the evolution of the House's management of homeland security. 73 (...continued) with Respect to Homeland Security Issues, 108th Cong., 2nd sess., Sep. 30, 2004. The select committee also issued Supplementary Materials and Summary of Activities of the Select Committee on Homeland Security. (Available online at [http://hsc.house.gov/files/mini_report_sigs.pdf], visited Aug. 19, 2004.) 74 CRS Report RL32711, Homeland Security: Compendium of Recommendations Relevant to House Committee Organization and Analysis of Considerations for the House. 75 Rep. David Dreier, remarks in the House, Congressional Record, daily edition, vol. 151, Jan. 4, 2005, p. H14. CRS-50 Appendix 1 Bills and Joint Resolutions Included in Study This appendix lists bills and joint resolutions introduced and referred to committee in the 109th Congress, through May 26, 2005. The measures listed here relate to the subject matter contained in the jurisdictional changes made in House rules and the jurisdictional explanations contained in the Legislative History.76 All research on bills and joint resolutions was conducted using the Legislative Information Service. Agriculture Committee Measure Official Title Committee Number, Referral Sponsor, Date of Introduction H.J.Res. 23 Disapproving the rule submitted by the Agriculture Rep. Herseth Department of Agriculture relating to the 2/17/05 establishment of minimal-risk regions for the introduction of bovine spongiform encephalopathy into the United States H.R. 187 To prohibit the operation during a Agriculture Rep. Pomeroy calendar year of the final rule issued by 1/4/05 the Secretary of Agriculture to establish standards for the designation of minimal- risk regions for the introduction of bovine spongiform encephalopathy into the United States, including designation of Canada as a minimal-risk region, unless United States access to major markets for United States exports of cattle and beef products is equivalent or better than the access status accorded such exports as of January 1, 2003 76 H.Res. 5, agreed to in the House Jan. 4, 2005; and "Legislative History," pp. H25-H26. CRS-51 H.R. 384 To prohibit the operation during a Agriculture Rep. Herseth calendar year of the final rule issued by 1/26/05 the Secretary of Agriculture to establish standards for the designation of minimal- risk regions for the introduction of bovine spongiform encephalopathy into the United States, including designation of Canada as a minimal-risk region, and the importation into the United States from Canada of certain bovine ruminant products during that calendar year, unless country of origin labeling is required for the retail sale of a covered commodity during that calendar year. H.R. 1254 To amend the Animal Health Protection Agriculture Rep. C. Peterson Act to require the establishment of an (MN) electronic nationwide livestock 3/10/05 identification system, to prevent the unauthorized release of information collected under the system, to promote an objective review of Department of Agriculture responses to livestock disease outbreaks, and for other purposes H.R. 1256 To amend the Animal Health Protection Agriculture Rep. C. Peterson Act to exempt certain animal (MN) identification information from 3/10/05 disclosure under the Freedom of Information Act H.R. 1740 To require labeling of raw agricultural Agriculture Rep. Obey forms of ginseng, including the country 4/20/05 of harvest, and for other purposes. H.R. 2092 To amend the Immigration and Judiciary Rep. Jackson- Nationality Act to comprehensively Ways and Means Lee reform immigration law and to better Energy and 5/4/05 protect immigrant victims of violence, Commerce and for other purposes Agriculture Homeland Security Financial Services CRS-52 Armed Services Committee Measure Official Title Committee Number, Referral Sponsor, Date of Introduction H.R. 112 To require the videotaping of Armed Services Rep. Holt interrogations and other pertinent actions 1/4/05 between a detainee or prisoner in the custody or under the effective control of the Armed Forces of the United States pursuant to an interrogation, or other pertinent interaction, for the purpose of gathering intelligence and a member of the Armed Forces of the United States, an intelligence operative of the United States, or a contractor of the United States H.R. 304 To amend title 10, United States Code, to Armed Services Rep. Crenshaw require the naval forces of the Navy to 1/25/05 include not less than 12 operational aircraft carriers H.R. 375 To declare, under the authority of Armed Services Rep. J. Davis Congress under Article I, section 8 of the (VA) Constitution to "provide and maintain a 1/26/05 Navy", a national policy for the naval force structure required in order to "provide for the common defense" of the United States throughout the 21st century H.R. 416 To prohibit the use of Department of Armed Services Rep. Salazar Defense funds for any study related to the 1/26/05 transportation of chemical munitions across State lines H.R. 514 To prohibit the Department of Defense Armed Services Rep. Shays from requiring members of the Armed Veterans' Affairs 2/2/05 Forces to receive the anthrax and smallpox immunizations without their consent, to correct the records of service members previously punished for refusing to take these vaccines, and for other purposes H.R. 730 To amend title 10, United States Code, to Armed Services Rep. Tauscher provide a temporary increase in the 2/9/05 minimum end strength level for active duty personnel for the Army, the Marine Corps, and the Air Force, and for other purposes CRS-53 H.R. 871 To establish reporting requirements Armed Services Rep. M. relating to funds made available for International Thompson (CA) military operations in Iraq or the Relations 2/16/05 reconstruction of Iraq and for military operations in Afghanistan or the reconstruction of Afghanistan, and for other purposes H.R. 1059 To amend title 10, United States Code, to Armed Services Rep. Meehan enhance the readiness of the Armed 3/2/05 Forces by replacing the current policy concerning homosexuality in the Armed Forces, referred to as "Don't Ask, Don't Tell", with a policy of nondiscrimination on the basis of sexual orientation H.R. 1076 To authorize the President to detain an Judiciary Rep. Schiff enemy combatant who is a United States Armed Services 3/3/05 person or resident who is a member of al Qaeda or knowingly cooperated with members of al Qaeda, to guarantee timely access to judicial review to challenge the basis for a detention, to permit the detainee access to counsel, and for other purposes H.R. 1194 To protect public health and safety, Armed Services Rep. Matheson should the testing of nuclear weapons by Energy and 3/9/05 the United States be resumed Commerce Resources H.R. 1291 To require the Secretaries of Health and Energy and Rep. Issa Human Services, Defense, and Homeland Commerce 3/15/05 Security to carry out activities toward Armed Services bringing to market effective medical Homeland Security countermeasures to radiation from a nuclear or radiological attack H.R. 1314 To amend the Defense Base Closure and Armed Services Rep. Ortiz Realignment Act of 1990 to require the 3/15/05 2005 base closure and realignment process to adhere to certain requirements regarding the preservation of military depot capabilities H.R. 1348 To provide for nuclear disarmament and Armed Services Del. Norton economic conversion in accordance with International 3/16/05 District of Columbia Initiative Measure Relations Number 37 of 1992 H.R. 1495 To amend the Military Selective Service Armed Services Rep. Owens Act to terminate the registration 4/6/05 requirement and the activities of civilian local boards, civilian appeal boards, and similar local agencies of the Selective Service System, and for other purposes CRS-54 H.R. 1666 To amend title 10, United States Code, to Armed Services Rep. Tauscher provide a temporary five-year increase in 4/14/05 the minimum end-strength levels for active-duty personnel for the Armed Forces, to increase the number of Special Operations Forces, and for other purposes H.R. 1815 To authorize appropriations for fiscal Armed Services Rep. Hunter year 2006 for military activities of the 4/26/05 Department of Defense, to prescribe military personnel strengths for fiscal year 2006, and for other purposes H.R. 1986 To amend title 10, United States Code, to Armed Services Rep. Goode authorize the Secretary of Defense to Homeland Security 4/28/05 assign members of the Army, Navy, Air Force, and Marine Corps, under certain circumstances and subject to certain conditions, to assist the Department of Homeland Security in the performance of border protection functions H.R. 2011 To require accountability for personnel International Rep. D. Price performing private security functions Relations (NC) under Federal contracts Armed Services 4/28/05 H.R. 2067 To provide for an improved acquisition Government Reform Rep. T. Davis system Armed Services (VA) 5/4/05 H.R. 2420 To preserve the cooperative, peaceful Science Rep. Kucinich uses of space for the benefit of all Armed Services 5/18/05 humankind by prohibiting the basing of International weapons in space and the use of weapons Relations to destroy or damage objects in space that are in orbit, and for other purposes H.R. 2427 To postpone the 2005 round of defense Armed Services Rep. Herseth base closure and realignment 5/18/05 H.R. 2455 To repeal the Military Selective Service Armed Services Rep. Paul Act 5/18/05 H.R. 2511 To postpone the 2005 round of defense Armed Services Rep. Paul base closure and realignment until the 5/19/05 completion of certain specified activities by the Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of Homeland Security CRS-55 H.R. 2641 To require the Defense Base Closure and Armed Services Rep. Slaughter Realignment Commission to take into 5/25/05 consideration the homeland security contributions and value of military installations when the Commission conducts its review and analysis of the list of military installations recommended for closure or realignment by the Secretary of Defense H.R. 2667 To require the Secretary of Homeland Armed Services Rep. Fitzpatrick Security to prepare a report on the 5/26/05 homeland security consequences of the base closure and realignment recommendations made by the Secretary of Defense and to require the Defense Base Closure and Realignment Commission to consider the report during their review of such recommendations H.R. 2672 To direct the Secretary of State and the International Rep. Harris Secretary of Homeland Security to Relations 5/26/05 establish a program to enhance the Armed Services mutual security and safety of the United Homeland Security States, Canada, and Mexico, and for other purposes H.R. 2723 To provide for the common defense by Armed Services Rep. Rangel requiring that all young persons in the 5/26/05 United States, including women, perform a period of military service or a period of civilian service in furtherance of the national defense and homeland security, and for other purposes H.R. 2733 To prohibit the closure or adverse Armed Services Rep. Slaughter realignment of facilities of the reserve 5/26/05 components that the Secretary of Homeland Security determines have a significant role in homeland defense CRS-56 Energy and Commerce Committee Measure Official Title Committee Number, Referral Sponsor, Date of Introduction H.R. 91 To authorize the Secretary of Homeland Homeland Security Rep. Security to make grants to first Transportation and Frelinghuysen responders, and for other purposes Infrastructure 1/4/05 Judiciary Energy and Commerce H.R. 154 To authorize the Secretary of Homeland Transportation and Rep. Menendez Security to make grants to reimburse Infrastructure 1/4/05 State and local governments and Indian Energy and tribes for certain costs relating to the Commerce mobilization of Reserves who are first Judiciary responder personnel of such governments or tribes H.R. 733 To require providers of wireless Energy and Rep. Weiner telephone services to provide access to Commerce 2/9/05 the universal emergency telephone number in subterranean subway stations located within their area of coverage H.R. 895 To provide for interagency planning for Energy and Rep. Berkley preparing for, defending against, and Commerce 2/17/05 responding to the consequences of Homeland Security terrorist attacks against the Yucca Mountain Project, and for other purposes H.R. 966 To require the Nuclear Regulatory Energy and Rep. Saxton Commission to consider certain criteria in Commerce 2/17/05 relicensing nuclear facilities, and to provide for an independent assessment of the Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station by the National Academy of Sciences prior to any relicensing of that facility H.R. 998 To preserve local radio broadcast Energy and Rep. Pickering emergency and other services and to Commerce 3/1/05 require the Federal Communications Commission to conduct a rulemaking for that purpose H.R. 1251 To provide grants and other support to Energy and Rep. Lowey achieve communications interoperability Commerce 3/10/05 in the United States, and for other Homeland Security purposes. CRS-57 H.R. 1291 To require the Secretaries of Health and Energy and Rep. Issa Human Services, Defense, and Homeland Commerce 3/15/05 Security to carry out activities toward Armed Services bringing to market effective medical Homeland Security countermeasures to radiation from a nuclear or radiological attack H.R. 1323 To establish a permanent grant program Energy and Rep. Stupak to improve public safety communications Commerce 3/15/05 and the interoperability of emergency communications equipment H.R. 1562 To protect human health and the Homeland Security Rep. Fossella environment from the release of Energy and 4/12/05 hazardous substances by acts of terrorism Commerce H.R. 1794 To direct the Secretary of Homeland Energy and Rep. Maloney Security to procure the development and Commerce 4/21/05 provision of improved and up-to-date communications equipment for the New York City Fire Department, including radios H.R. 1817 To authorize appropriations for fiscal Homeland Security Rep. Cox year 2006 for the Department of Referred 4/26/05 Homeland Security, and for other sequentially: purposes Energy and Commerce Government Reform Judiciary Science Transportation and Infrastructure Ways and Means Intelligence H.R. 1987 To amend the Public Health Service Act Energy and Rep. G. Green to provide for an increase in the number Commerce (TX) of political subdivisions directly 4/28/05 receiving awards under the program for improving State and local preparedness for bioterrorism and other public health emergencies H.R. 2041 To provide homeland security grant Homeland Security Rep. Castle coordination and simplification, and for Energy and 5/2/05 other purposes Commerce Transportation and Infrastructure Judiciary CRS-58 H.R. 2092 To amend the Immigration and Judiciary Rep. Jackson- Nationality Act to comprehensively Ways and Means Lee reform immigration law and to better Energy and 5/4/05 protect immigrant victims of violence, Commerce and for other purposes Agriculture Homeland Security Financial Services H.R. 2101 To amend the Homeland Security Act of Energy and Rep. Meek (FL) 2002 to direct the Secretary of Homeland Commerce 5/4/05 Security to develop and implement the Homeland Security READICall emergency alert system H.R. 2237 To help protect the public against the Energy and Rep. Pallone threat of chemical attacks Commerce 5/10/05 Homeland Security H.R. 2330 To improve border security and Judiciary Rep. Kolbe immigration Homeland Security 5/12/05 International Relations Energy and Commerce Education and the Workforce H.R. 2418 To promote and enhance public safety Energy and Rep. Gordon and to encourage the rapid deployment of Commerce 5/18/05 IP-enabled voice services H.R. 2689 To increase the security of radiation Energy and Rep. Markey sources, and for other purposes Commerce 5/26/05 Financial Services Committee Measure Official Title Committee Number, Referral Sponsor, Date of Introduction H.R. 103 To amend the National Flood Financial Services Rep. G. Green Insurance Act of 1968 to provide a 50 (TX) percent discount in flood insurance 1/4/05 rates for the first 5 years that certain low-cost properties are included in flood hazard zones H.R. 804 To exclude from consideration as income Financial Services Rep. Baker certain payments under the national flood 2/15/05 insurance program CRS-59 H.R. 815 To amend section 5318 to prohibit the Financial Services Rep. Garrett use of identification issued by foreign 2/15/05 governments, other than passports, for purposes of verifying the identity of a person who opens an account at a financial institution, and for other purposes H.R. 1952 To require that certain measures be taken Financial Services Rep. Kelly with respect to countries of concern International 4/28/05 regarding terrorist financing Relations H.R. 2092 To amend the Immigration and Judiciary Rep. Jackson- Nationality Act to comprehensively Ways and Means Lee reform immigration law and to better Energy and 5/4/05 protect immigrant victims of violence, Commerce and for other purposes Agriculture Homeland Security Financial Services H.R. 2715 To establish reasonable procedural Judiciary Rep. Nadler protections for the use of national Financial Services 5/26/05 security letters, and for other purposes Government Reform Committee Measure Official Title Committee Number, Referral Sponsor, Date of Introduction H.R. 55 To make the Federal employees health Government Reform Rep. Dreier benefits program available to individuals 1/4/05 age 55 to 65 who would not otherwise have health insurance H.R. 185 To require the review of Government Government Reform Rep. Platts programs at least once every 5 years for 1/4/05 purposes of evaluating their performance H.R. 220 To amend title II of the Social Security Ways and Means Rep. Paul Act and the Internal Revenue Code of Government Reform 1/4/05 1986 to protect the integrity and confidentiality of Social Security account numbers issued under such title, to prohibit the establishment in the Federal Government of any uniform national identifying number, and to prohibit Federal agencies from imposing standards for identification of individuals on other agencies or persons CRS-60 H.R. 279 To amend the Family and Medical Leave Education and the Rep. Millender- Act of 1993 to include nurse practitioners Workforce McDonald and domestic partners within the scope of House 1/6/05 coverage of the Act and to extend the Administration period of family or medical leave for Government Reform spouses employed by the same employer H.R. 368 To establish and rapidly implement Government Reform Rep. T. Davis regulations for State driver's license and Judiciary (VA) identification document security 1/26/05 standards H.R. 373 To require notification to Congress of Government Reform Rep. DeLauro certain contracts, and to amend title 31, 1/26/05 United States Code, to prohibit the unauthorized expenditure of funds for publicity or propaganda purposes H.R. 408 To amend title 5, United States Code, to Government Reform Rep. Pombo provide for portal-to-portal compensation 1/26/05 for wildland firefighters, and for other purposes H.R. 418 To establish and rapidly implement Judiciary Rep. regulations for State driver's license and Homeland Security Sensenbrenner identification document security Government Reform 1/26/05 standards, to prevent terrorists from abusing the asylum laws of the United States, to unify terrorism-related grounds for inadmissibility and removal, and to ensure expeditious construction of the San Diego border fence H.R. 475 To amend the Family and Medical Leave Education and the Rep. Maloney Act of 1993 to permit leave to care for a Workforce 2/1/05 same-sex spouse, domestic partner, Government Reform parent-in-law, adult child, sibling, or House grandparent if the same-sex spouse, Administration domestic partner, parent-in-law, adult child, sibling, or grandparent has a serious health condition, and for other purposes H.R. 476 To amend the Family and Medical Leave Education and the Rep. Maloney Act of 1993 to allow employees to take, Workforce 2/1/05 as additional leave, parental involvement Government Reform leave to participate in or attend their House children's and grandchildren's Administration educational and extracurricular activities and to clarify that leave may be taken for routine family medical needs and to assist elderly relatives, and for other purposes CRS-61 H.R. 480 To amend section 8339(p) of title 5, Government Reform Rep. Moran United States Code, to clarify the method 2/1/05 for computing certain annuities under the Civil Service Retirement System which are based on part-time service, and for other purposes H.R. 556 To amend the Federal Law Enforcement Government Reform Rep. P. King Pay Reform Act of 1990 to adjust the (NY) percentage differentials payable to 2/2/05 Federal law enforcement officers in certain high-cost areas, and for other purposes H.R. 582 To protect employees from invasion of Education and the Rep. Petri privacy by employers by prohibiting Workforce 2/2/05 certain video monitoring and audio Government Reform monitoring of employees by their employers, and for other purposes H.R. 620 To require the Comptroller General of the Transportation and Rep. Jackson- United States to conduct a study on the Infrastructure Lee development and implementation by Government Reform 2/8/05 States of security measures for driver's licenses and identification cards and a study on the consequences of denying driver's licenses to aliens unlawfully present in the United States, and for other purposes H.R. 633 To amend title 5, United States Code, to Government Reform Rep. Hoyer increase the level of Government 2/8/05 contributions under the Federal employees health benefits program H.R. 692 To amend title 5, United States Code, to Budget Rep. Bilirakis provide that the Civil Service Retirement Government Reform 2/9/05 and Disability Fund be excluded from the Federal budget H.R. 705 To amend title 49, United States Code, to Energy and Rep. Gilchrest require phased increases in the fuel Commerce 2/9/05 efficiency standards applicable to light Government Reform trucks; to require fuel economy standards for automobiles up to 10,000 pounds gross vehicle weight; to increase the fuel economy of the Federal fleet of vehicles, and for other purposes H.R. 725 To amend the Paperwork Reduction Act Government Reform Rep. M. Rogers and titles 5 and 31, United States Code, (MI) to reform Federal paperwork and 2/9/05 regulatory processes CRS-62 H.R. 735 To amend the Public Health Service Act, Energy and Rep. Weiner the Employee Retirement Income Commerce 2/9/05 Security Act of 1974, chapter 89 of title Ways and Means 5, United States Code, and title 10, Education and the United States Code, to require coverage Workforce for the treatment of infertility Government Reform Armed Services H.R. 818 To amend title XVIII of the Social Energy and Rep. Hinchey Security Act to provide for coverage of Commerce 2/15/05 qualified acupuncturist services under Ways and Means part B of the Medicare Program, and to Government Reform amend title 5, United States Code, to provide coverage of such services under th Federal Employees Health Benefits Program H.R. 829 To make certain companies that have Government Reform Rep. Waters outsourced jobs during the previous five 2/15/05 years ineligible for the receipt of Federal grants, Federal contracts, Federal loan guarantees, and other Federal funding, and for other purposes H.R. 839 To protect scientific integrity in Federal Government Reform Rep. Waxman research and policymaking Science 2/16/05 H.R. 867 To promote openness in Government by Government Reform Rep. L. Smith strengthening section 552 of title 5, (TX) United States Code (commonly referred 2/16/05 to as the Freedom of Information Act), and for other purposes H.R. 925 To prohibit a Federal agency from Government Reform Rep. Gallegly accepting a form of individual Judiciary 2/17/05 identification issued by a foreign House government, except a passport that is Administration accepted on the date of enactment Armed Services H.R. 942 To require government agencies carrying Transportation and Rep. Kilpatrick out surface transportation projects to Infrastructure 2/17/05 conduct a cost-benefit analysis before Government Reform procuring architectural, engineering, and related services from a private contractor, and of other purposes CRS-63 H.R. 960 To amend the Law Enforcement Pay Government Reform Rep. Platts Equity Act of 2000 to permit certain 2/17/05 annuitants of the retirement programs of the United States Park Police and United States Secret Service Uniformed Division to receive the adjustments in pension benefits to which such annuitants would otherwise be entitled as a result of the conversion of members of the United States Park Policy and United States Secret Service Uniformed Division to a new salary schedule under the amendments made by such Act H.R. 974 To establish the Corporate Subsidy Government Reform Rep. A. Smith Reform Commission to review Ways and Means (WA) inequitable Federal subsidies and make 2/17/05 recommendations for termination, modification, or retention of such subsidies, and to state the sense of the Congress that the Congress should promptly consider legislation that would make the changes in law necessary to implement the recommendations H.R. 994 To amend the Internal Revenue Code of Ways and Means Rep. T. Davis 1986 to allow Federal civilian and Government Reform (VA) military retirees to pay health insurance Armed Services 3/1/05 premiums on a pretax basis and to allow a deduction for TRICARE supplemental premiums H.R. 1002 To amend the definition of a law Government Reform Rep. Filner enforcement officer under subchapter III 3/1/05 of chapter 83 and chapter 84 of title 5, United States Code, respectively, to ensure the inclusion of certain positions H.R. 1069 To require Federal agencies, and persons Energy and Rep. Bean engaged in interstate commerce, in Commerce 3/3/05 possession of electronic data containing Government Reform personal information, to disclose any Financial Services unauthorized acquisition of such information, to amend the Gramm-Leach- Bliley Act to require financial institutions to disclose to customers and consumer reporting agencies any unauthorized access to personal information, to amend the Fair Credit Reporting Act to require consumer reporting agencies to implement a fraud alert with respect to any consumer when the agency is notified of any such unauthorized access, and for other purposes CRS-64 H.R. 1167 To amend the Truth in Regulating Act to Government Reform Rep. Kelly make permanent the pilot project for the 3/8/05 report on rules H.R. 1200 To provide for health care for every Energy and Rep. McDermott American and to control the cost and Commerce 3/9/05 enhance the quality of the health care Ways and Means system Government Reform Armed Services H.R. 1256 To amend the Animal Health Protection Agriculture Rep. C. Peterson Act to exempt certain animal Government Reform (MN) identification information from 3/10/05 disclosure under the Freedom of Information Act H.R. 1271 To repeal a provision relating to privacy Government Reform Rep. T. Davis officers in the Consolidated (VA) Appropriations Act, 2005 3/14/05 H.R. 1276 To amend title 5, United States Code, to Government Reform Rep. Berkley make creditable for civil service 3/14/05 retirement purposes certain periods of service performed with Air America, Incorporated, Air Asia Company Limited, or the Pacific Division of Southern Air Transport, Incorporated, while those entities were owned or controlled by the Government of the United States and operated or managed by the Central Intelligence Agency H.R. 1283 To provide that transit pass transportation Government Reform Rep. J. Moran fringe benefits be made available to all (VA) qualified Federal employees in the 3/14/05 National Capital Region; to allow passenger carriers which are owned or leased by the Government to be used to transport Government employees between their place of employment and mass transit facilities, and for other purposes H.R. 1310 To amend the Intelligence Reform and Government Reform Rep. Maloney Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 with Judiciary 3/15/05 respect to the Privacy and Civil Liberties Homeland Security Oversight Board, and for other purposes Intelligence CRS-65 H.R. 1317 To amend title 5, United States Code, to Government Reform Rep. Platts clarify which disclosures of information 3/15/05 are protected from prohibited personnel practices; to require a statement in nondisclosure policies, forms, and agreements to the effect that such policies, forms, and agreements are consistent with certain disclosure protections; and for other purposes H.R. 1335 To amend title 5, United States Code, to House Rep. Burton increase the mandatory retirement age for Administration 3/16/05 members of the Capitol Police from 57 to Government Reform 60 years of age H.R. 1410 To provide for coverage of hormone Energy and Rep. Lee replacement therapy for treatment of Commerce 3/17/05 menopausal symptoms, and for coverage Ways and means of an alternative therapy for hormone Education and the replacement therapy for such symptoms, Workforce under the Medicare and Medicaid Government Reform Programs, group health plans and Veterans' Affairs individual health insurance coverage, and other Federal health insurance programs H.R. 1418 To amend chapter 89 of title 5, United Government Reform Rep. Meehan States Code, and chapter 55 of title 10, Armed Services 3/17/05 United States Code, to provide that any health benefits plan which provides obstetrical benefits shall be required also to provide coverage for the diagnosis and treatment of infertility H.R. 1449 To preserve open competition and Government Reform Rep. Sullivan Federal Government neutrality towards 3/17/05 the labor relations of Federal Government contractors on Federal and federally funded construction projects H.R. 1455 To amend title 5 and title 3, United States Government Reform Rep. T. Davis Code, to include the Department of Judiciary (VA) Homeland Security and the Secretary of 4/5/05 Homeland Security in lists of executive departments and officers H.R. 1474 To designate certain functions performed Government Reform Rep. Sanders at flight service stations of the Federal 4/5/05 Aviation Administration as inherently governmental functions, and for other purposes CRS-66 H.R. 1480 To require that a conversion to contractor Government Reform Rep. Van Hollen performance of an activity or function of 4/5/05 the Federal Government may not result in the loss of employment of any Federal worker with a severe disability employed in that activity or function H.R. 1513 To exempt from the Freedom of Government Reform Rep. Information Act certain photographic Frelinghuysen images of deceased persons that are taken 4/6/05 by or for medical examiners H.R. 1578 To amend title 5, United States Code, to Government Reform Rep. Porter provide for a real estate stock index 4/12/05 investment option under the Thrift Savings Plan H.R. 1589 To improve the lives of working families Education and the Rep. Woolsey by providing family and medical need Workforce 4/13/05 assistance, child care assistance, in- House school and afterschool assistance, family Administration care assistance, and encouraging the Government Reform establishment of family-friendly Financial Services workplaces H.R. 1612 To establish ethanol and biodiesel fuel Government Reform Rep. Kaptur requirements for the Federal fleet 4/13/05 H.R. 1620 To establish the Commission on Freedom Government Reform Rep. Sherman of Information Act Processing Delays 4/13/05 H.R. 1642 To prohibit Federal agencies from Government Reform Rep. Flake obligating funds for appropriations Rules 4/14/05 earmarks included only in congressional reports, and for other purposes H.R. 1667 To amend the Family and Medical Leave Education and the Rep. T. Udall Act of 1993 and title 5, United States Workforce (NM) Code, to provide entitlement to leave to Government Reform 4/14/05 eligible employees whose spouse, son, House daughter, or parent is a member of the Administration Armed Forces who is serving on active duty in support of a contingency operation or who is notified of an impending call or order to active duty in support of a contingency operation, and for other purposes CRS-67 H.R. 1739 To amend chapter 84 of title 5, United Government Reform Rep. J. Moran States Code, to allow individuals who (VA) return to Government service after 4/20/05 receiving a refund of retirement contributions to recapture credit for the service covered by that refund by repaying the amount that was so received, with interest H.R. 1765 To amend the Internal Revenue Code of Ways and Means Rep. T. Davis 1986 to exclude from gross income Government Reform (VA) amounts paid on behalf of Federal 4/21/05 employees under Federal student loan repayment programs, and for other purposes H.R. 1817 To authorize appropriations for fiscal Homeland Security Rep. Cox year 2006 for the Department of Referred 4/26/05 Homeland Security, and for other sequentially: purposes Energy and Commerce Government Reform Judiciary Science Transportation and Infrastructure Ways and Means Intelligence H.R. 1864 To provide for enhanced retirement Government Reform Rep. Wynn benefits for administrative law judges 4/26/05 H.R. 1902 To provide for paid sick leave to ensure Education and the Rep. DeLauro that Americans can address their own Workforce 4/27/05 health needs and the health needs of their Government Reform families House Administration H.R. 1993 To amend the Family and Medical Leave Education and the Rep. Hinojosa Act of 1993 and title 5, United States Workforce 4/28/05 Code, to allow leave for individuals who Government Reform provide living organ donations House Administration H.R. 2066 To amend title 40, United States Code, to Government Reform Rep. T. Davis establish a Federal Acquisition Service, (VA) to replace the General Supply Fund and 5/4/05 the Information Technology Fund with an Acquisition Services Fund, and for other purposes H.R. 2067 To provide for an improved acquisition Government Reform Rep. T. Davis system Armed Services (VA) 5/4/05 CRS-68 H.R. 2187 To amend title 5, United States Code, to Government Reform Rep. Langevin provide for a corporate responsibility 5/5/05 investment option under the thrift Savings Plan H.R. 2197 To provide health benefits for workers Education and the Rep. Pallone and their families Workforce 5/5/05 Energy and Commerce Ways and Means Government Reform Armed Services H.R. 2205 To amend title 5, United States Code, to Government Reform Rep. Tiberi extend the veterans' preference 5/5/05 provisions of such title to individuals who served on active duty in the armed forces for a period of more than 180 consecutive days any part of which occurred after September 11, 2001, and before January 1, 2006, and separated from the armed forces under honorable conditions H.R. 2290 To reform Federal budget procedures, to Budget Rep. Hensarling impose spending safeguards, to combat Rules 5/11/05 waste, fraud, and abuse, to account for Ways and Means accurate Government agency costs, and Appropriations for other purposes Government Reform H.R. 2331 To restore and strengthen the laws that Government Reform Rep. Waxman provide for an open and transparent Homeland Security 5/12/05 Federal Government H.R. 2385 To make permanent the authority of the Government Reform Rep. Turner Secretary of Commerce to conduct the 5/17/05 quarterly financial report program H.R. 2390 To amend the Internal Revenue Code of Ways and Means Rep. McGovern 1986 to equalize the exclusion from gross Government Reform 5/17/05 income of parking and transportation fringe benefits and to provide for a common cost-of-living adjustment, and for other purposes H.R. 2470 To establish a commission to conduct a Government Reform Rep. Tiahrt comprehensive review of Federal Rules 5/18/05 agencies and programs and to recommend the elimination or realignment of duplicative, wasteful, or outdated functions, and for other purposes CRS-69 H.R. 2489 To amend the Inspector General Act of Government Reform Rep. Cooper 1978 to enhance the independence of the 5/19/05 Inspectors General, to create a Council of the Inspectors General on Integrity and Efficiency, and for other purposes H.R. 2517 To amend chapters 83 and 84 of title 5, Government Reform Rep. Velázquez United States Code, to provide for the House 5/19/05 indexation of deferred annuities; to Administration provide that a survivor annuity be provided to the widow or widower of a former employee who dies after separating from Government service with title to a deferred annuity under the Civil Service Retirement System but before establishing a valid claim therefor, and for other purposes H.R. 2521 To establish a program to transfer surplus Government Reform Rep. Ferguson computers of Federal agencies to schools 5/23/05 and nonprofit community-based educational organizations, and for other purposes H.R. 2554 To provide for the expeditious disclosure Government Reform Rep. McKinney of records relevant to the life and 5/23/05 assassination of Reverend Martin Luther King Jr. H.R. 2664 To provide a biennial budget for the Budget Rep. Dreier United States Government Rules 5/26/05 Government Reform H.R. 2740 To amend title 31, United States Code, to Government Reform Rep. Wynn require the provision of a written prompt 5/26/05 payment policy to each subcontractor under a Federal contract and to require a clause in each subcontract under a Federal contract that outlines the provisions of the prompt payment statute and other related information CRS-70 Homeland Security Committee Measure Official Title Committee Number, Referral Sponsor, Date of Introduction H.R. 44 To direct the Secretary of Homeland Homeland Security Rep. Bartlett Security to establish an independent 1/4/05 panel to assess the homeland security needs of the National Capital Region H.R. 58 To require the Secretary of Homeland Homeland Security Del. Christensen Security to establish at least one Border 1/4/05 Patrol unit for the Virgin Islands of the United States H.R. 91 To authorize the Secretary of Homeland Homeland Security Rep. Security to make grants to first Transportation and Frelinghuysen responders, and for other purposes Infrastructure 1/4/05 Judiciary Energy and Commerce H.R. 98 To amend the Immigration and Ways and Means Rep. Dreier Nationality Act to enforce restrictions on Judiciary 1/4/05 employment in the United States of Homeland Security unauthorized aliens through the use of Education and the improved Social Security cards and an Workforce Employment Eligibility Database, and for other purposes H.R. 153 To provide increased rail and public Homeland Security Rep. Menendez transportation security Transportation and 1/4/05 Infrastructure H.R. 163 To amend title 46, United States Code, to Homeland Security Rep. Millender- direct the Secretary of Homeland McDonald Security to carry out an empty shipping 1/4/05 container sealing pilot program to encourage shipping container handlers to seal empty shipping containers after they have unpacked them, and for other purposes H.R. 173 To prevent and respond to terrorism and Judiciary Rep. Millender- crime at or through ports Transportation and McDonald Infrastructure 1/4/05 Ways and Means Homeland Security H.R. 228 To establish a realistic, threat-based Homeland Security Rep. Sweeney allocation of grant funds for first 1/4/05 responders CRS-71 H.R. 285 To amend the Homeland Security Act of Homeland Security Rep. Thornberry 2002 to enhance cybersecurity, and for 1/6/05 other purposes H.R. 418 To establish and rapidly implement Judiciary Rep. regulations for State driver's license and Homeland Security Sensenbrenner identification document security Government Reform 1/26/05 standards, to prevent terrorists from abusing the asylum laws of the United States, to unify terrorism-related grounds for inadmissibility and removal, and to ensure expeditious construction of the San Diego border fence H.R. 478 To improve seaport security Homeland Security Rep. Millender- McDonald 2/1/05 H.R. 688 To amend the Immigration and Judiciary Rep. Barrett Nationality Act to bar the admission, and Homeland Security 2/9/05 facilitate the removal, of alien terrorists and their supporters and fundraisers, to secure our borders against terrorists, drug traffickers, and other illegal aliens, to facilitate the removal of illegal aliens and aliens who are criminals or human rights abusers, to reduce visa, document, and employment fraud, to temporarily suspend processing of certain visas and immigration benefits, to reform the legal immigration system, and for other purposes H.R. 780 To amend section 5202 of the Homeland Security Rep. Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Ruppersberger Prevention Act of 2004 to provide for 2/10/05 assured funding for more Border Patrol agents H.R. 796 To authorize the Secretary of Homeland Homeland Security Rep. McCarthy Security to make grants to address 2/14/05 homeland security preparedness shortcomings of units of municipal and county government H.R. 895 To provide for interagency planning for Energy and Rep. Berkley preparing for, defending against, and Commerce 2/17/05 responding to the consequences of Homeland Security terrorist attacks against the Yucca Mountain Project, and for other purposes H.R. 1093 To amend the USA PATRIOT Act of Homeland Security Rep. Fossella 2001 to change the manner of allocation 3/3/05 of first responder grant funds CRS-72 H.R. 1109 To provide for the security and safety of Homeland Security Rep. Lynch rail and rail transit transportation Transportation and 3/3/05 systems, and for other purposes Infrastructure H.R. 1116 To direct the Secretary of Homeland Homeland Security Rep. Millender- Security to carry out activities to assess Transportation and McDonald and reduce the vulnerabilities of public Infrastructure 3/3/05 transportation systems H.R. 1196 To improve the security clearance Homeland Security Rep. Ortiz process along the United States-Mexico Judiciary 3/9/05 border, to increase the number of detention beds, and for other purposes H.R. 1251 To provide grants and other support to Energy and Rep. Lowey achieve communications interoperability Commerce 3/10/05 in the United States, and for other Homeland Security purposes H.R. 1291 To require the Secretaries of Health and Energy and Rep. Issa Human Services, Defense, and Homeland Commerce 3/15/05 Security to carry out activities toward Armed Services bringing to market effective medical Homeland Security countermeasures to radiation from a nuclear or radiological attack H.R. 1310 To amend the Intelligence Reform and Government Reform Rep. Maloney Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 with Judiciary 3/15/05 respect to the Privacy and Civil Liberties Homeland Security Oversight Board, and for other purposes Intelligence H.R. 1320 To secure the borders of the United Judiciary Rep. Reyes States, and for other purposes Homeland Security 3/15/05 H.R. 1324 To require the Secretary of Homeland Homeland Security Rep. Sullivan Security to establish a U.S. Immigration Judiciary 3/15/05 and Customs Enforcement Office of Ways and Means Investigations field office in Tulsa, OK H.R. 1383 To direct the President to transmit to the Homeland Security Rep. Ford Congress each year a comprehensive 3/17/05 report on the national homeland security strategy of the United States H.R. 1414 To direct the Secretary of Homeland Homeland Security Rep. Markey Security to issue regulations concerning Transportation and 3/17/05 the shipping of extremely hazardous Infrastructure materials, and for other purposes H.R. 1419 To require that Homeland Security grants Homeland Security Rep. Menendez related to terrorism preparedness and 3/17/05 prevention be awarded based strictly on an assessment of risk, threat, and vulnerabilities CRS-73 H.R. 1502 To restore civil liberties under the First Judiciary Rep. Berman Amendment, the Immigration and Intelligence 4/6/05 Nationality Act, and the Foreign Homeland Security Intelligence Surveillance Act H.R. 1509 To create an inspection program that uses Homeland Security Rep. Foley videophone systems at certain points of 4/6/05 entry in Florida to satisfy customs and immigration reporting requirements H.R. 1525 To establish the United States Transportation and Del. Norton Commission on an Open Society with Infrastructure 4/6/05 Security Homeland Security H.R. 1544 To provide faster and smarter funding for Homeland Security Rep. Cox first responders, and for other purposes 4/12/05 H.R. 1562 To protect human health and the Homeland Security Rep. Fossella environment from the release of Energy and 4/12/05 hazardous substances by acts of terrorism Commerce H.R. 1731 To improve the security of the Nation's Homeland Security Rep. Harman ports by providing Federal grants to 4/20/05 support Area Maritime Transportation Security Plans and to address vulnerabilities in port areas identified in approved vulnerability assessments or by the Secretary of Homeland Security H.R. 1805 To establish the position of Northern Homeland Security Rep. Slaughter Border Coordinator in the Department of 4/21/05 Homeland Security H.R. 1817 To authorize appropriations for fiscal Homeland Security Rep. Cox year 2006 for the Department of Referred 4/26/05 Homeland Security, and for other sequentially: purposes Energy and Commerce Government Reform Judiciary Science Transportation and Infrastructure Ways and Means Intelligence H.R. 1818 To amend title 49, United States Code, to Homeland Security Rep. Oberstar make funds available for the Aviation Transportation and 4/26/05 Security Capital Fund, to establish a Infrastructure Checkpoint Screening Security Fund, and for other purposes CRS-74 H.R. 1986 To amend title 10, United States Code, to Armed Services Rep. Goode authorize the Secretary of Defense to Homeland Security 4/28/05 assign members of the Army, Navy, Air Force, and Marine Corps, under certain circumstances and subject to certain conditions, to assist the Department of Homeland Security in the performance of border protection functions H.R. 2035 To direct the President to submit a report Homeland Security Rep. B. to Congress explaining the President's Thompson (MS) funding requests for certain homeland 4/28/05 security programs authorized by Public Law 108-458, which implemented the recommendations of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States H.R. 2041 To provide for homeland security grant Homeland Security Rep. Castle coordination and simplification, and for Energy and 5/2/05 other purposes Commerce Transportation and Infrastructure Judiciary H.R. 2044 To improve air cargo security Homeland Security Rep. Markey 5/3/05 H.R. 2092 To amend the Immigration and Judiciary Rep. Jackson- Nationality Act to comprehensively Ways and Means Lee reform immigration law and to better Energy and 5/4/05 protect immigrant victims of violence, Commerce and for other purposes Agriculture Homeland Security Financial Services H.R. 2101 To amend the Homeland Security Act of Energy and Rep. K. Meek 2002 to direct the Secretary of Homeland Commerce (FL) Security to develop and implement the Homeland Security 5/4/05 READICall emergency alert system H.R. 2237 To protect the public against the threat of Energy and Rep. Pallone chemical attacks Commerce 5/10/05 Homeland Security H.R. 2330 To improve border security and Judiciary Rep. Kolbe immigration Homeland Security 5/12/05 International Relations Energy and Commerce Education and the Workforce CRS-75 H.R. 2331 To restore and strengthen the laws that Government Reform Rep. Waxman provide for an open and transparent Homeland Security 5/12/05 Federal Government H.R. 2351 To provide for the safety and security of Transportation and Rep. Oberstar United States railroads, passengers, Infrastructure 5/12/05 workers, and communities, and to Homeland Security establish an assistance program for families of passengers involved in rail accidents H.R. 2628 To modify certain deadlines pertaining to Homeland Security Rep. Flake machine-readable, tamper-resistant entry Judiciary 5/25/05 and exit documents H.R. 2649 To strengthen aviation security Homeland Security Rep. Markey Judiciary 5/26/05 Transportation and Infrastructure H.R. 2672 To direct the Secretary of State and the International Rep. Harris Secretary of Homeland Security to Relations 5/26/05 establish a program to enhance the Armed Services mutual security and safety of the United Homeland Security States, Canada, and Mexico, and for other purposes H.R. 2688 To amend title 49, United States Code, to Homeland Security Rep. Lowey establish a deadline for the screening of 5/26/05 all individuals, goods, property, vehicles, and other equipment entering a secure area of an airport, and for other purposes Intelligence Committee Measure Official Title Committee Number, Referral Sponsor, Date of Introduction H.R. 1157 To amend the Foreign Intelligence Judiciary Rep. Sanders Surveillance Act to exempt bookstores Intelligence 3/8/05 and libraries from orders requiring the production of any tangible things for certain foreign intelligence investigations, and for other purposes H.R. 1310 To amend the Intelligence Reform and Government Reform Rep. Maloney Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 with Judiciary 3/15/05 respect to the Privacy and Civil Liberties Homeland Security Oversight Board, and for other purposes Intelligence CRS-76 H.R. 1502 To restore civil liberties under the First Judiciary Rep. Berman Amendment, the Immigration and Intelligence 4/6/05 Nationality Act, and the Foreign Homeland Security Intelligence Surveillance Act H.R. 1526 To amend the Foreign Intelligence Judiciary Rep. Otter Surveillance Act of 1978 and title 18, Intelligence 4/6/05 United States Code, to strengthen protections of civil liberties in the exercise of the foreign intelligence surveillance authorities under Federal law, and for other purposes H.R. 1817 To authorize appropriations for fiscal Homeland Security Rep. Cox year 2006 for the Department of Referred 4/26/05 Homeland Security, and for other sequentially: purposes Energy and Commerce Government Reform Judiciary Science Transportation and Infrastructure Ways and Means Intelligence H.R. 2475 To authorize appropriations for fiscal Intelligence Rep. Hoekstra year 2006 for intelligence and 5/19/05 intelligence-related activities of the United States Government, the Community Management Account, and the Central Intelligence Agency Retirement and Disability System, and for other purposes Judiciary Committee Measure Official Title Committee Number, Referral Sponsor, Date of Introduction H.R. 19 To require employers to conduct Judiciary Rep. Calvert employment eligibility verification Education and the 1/4/05 Workforce H.R. 52 To amend title 18, United States Code, to Judiciary Rep. Capito further protect rail and mass 1/4/05 transportation, and for other purposes CRS-77 H.R. 60 To designate Sri Lanka, India, Indonesia, Judiciary Rep. Jackson- Thailand, Somalia, Myanmar, Malaysia, Lee Maldives, Tanzania, Seychelles, 1/4/05 Bangladesh, and Kenya under section 244 of the Immigration and Nationality Act in order to render nationals of such foreign states eligible for temporary protected status under such section H.R. 91 To authorize the Secretary of Homeland Homeland Security Rep. Security to make grants to first Transportation and Frelinghuysen responders, and for other purposes Infrastructure 1/4/05 Judiciary Energy and Commerce H.R. 98 To amend the Immigration and Ways and Means Rep. Dreier Nationality Act to enforce restrictions on Judiciary 1/4/05 employment in the United States of Homeland Security unauthorized aliens through the use of Education and the improved Social Security cards and an Workforce Employment Eligibility Database, and for other purposes H.R. 100 To amend the Immigration and Judiciary Rep. Dreier Nationality Act to modify provisions 1/4/05 relating to judicial review of orders of removal H.R. 105 To amend the Immigration and Judiciary Rep. G. Green Nationality Act to exempt elementary and (TX) secondary schools from the fee imposed 1/4/05 on employers filing petitions with respect to non-immigrant workers under the H- 1B program H.R. 139 To provide for the recapture of unused Judiciary Rep. Lantos employment-based immigrant visa 1/4/05 numbers in order to facilitate improved health care for all persons in the United States H.R. 154 To authorize the Secretary of Homeland Transportation and Rep. Menendez Security to make grants to reimburse Infrastructure 1/4/05 State and local governments and Indian Energy and tribes for certain costs relating to the Commerce mobilization of Reserves who are first Judiciary responder personnel of such governments or tribes H.R. 173 To prevent and respond to terrorism and Judiciary Rep. Millender- crime at or through ports Transportation and McDonald Infrastructure 1/4/05 Ways and Means Homeland Security CRS-78 H.R. 193 To amend the Immigration and Judiciary Rep. Linda Nationality Act to provide for Sánchez compensation to States incarcerating 1/4/05 undocumented aliens charged with a felony or two or more misdemeanors H.R. 209 To waive certain prohibitions with International Rep. Serrano respect to nationals of Cuba coming to Relations 1/4/05 the United States to play organized Judiciary professional baseball H.R. 245 To amend the Immigration and Judiciary Rep. Jackson- Nationality Act with respect to the record Lee of admission for permanent residence in 1/6/05 the case of certain aliens H.R. 247 To increase the numerical limitation on Judiciary Rep. Jackson- the number of asylees whose status may Lee be adjusted to that of an alien lawfully 1/6/05 admitted for permanent residence H.R. 248 To modify the requirements applicable to Judiciary Rep. Jackson- the admission into the United States of H- Lee 1C nonimmigrant registered nurses, and 1/6/05 for other purposes H.R. 251 To assist aliens who were transplanted to Judiciary Rep. Jackson- the United States as children in Lee continuing their education and otherwise 1/6/05 integrating into American society H.R. 255 To prevent commercial alien smuggling, Judiciary Rep. Jackson- and for other purposes Lee 1/6/05 H.R. 257 To amend the Immigration and Judiciary Rep. Jackson- Nationality Act to reunify families, Lee permit earned access to permanent 1/6/05 resident status, provide protection against unfair immigration-related employment practices, reform the diversity visa program, provide adjustment of status for Haitians and Liberian nationals, and for other purposes H.R. 260 To amend the Immigration and Judiciary Rep. Jackson- Nationality Act to modify the Lee requirements for a child born abroad and 1/6/05 out of wedlock to acquire citizenship based on the citizenship of the child's father, and for other purposes CRS-79 H.R. 261 To expand the class of beneficiaries who Judiciary Rep. Jackson- may apply for adjustment of status under Lee section 245(i) of the Immigration and 1/6/05 Nationality Act by extending the deadline for classification petition and labor certification filings H.R. 334 To designate Angola under section 244 of Judiciary Rep. Lynch the Immigration and Nationality Act in 1/25/05 order to make nationals of Angola eligible for temporary protected status under such section H.R. 342 To provide for adjustment of immigration Judiciary Rep. Owens status for certain aliens granted 1/25/05 temporary protected status in the United States because of conditions in Montserrat H.R. 354 To amend title I of the Omnibus Crime Judiciary Rep. Ramstad Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 to 1/25/05 provide standards and procedures to guide both State and local law enforcement agencies and law enforcement officers during internal investigations, interrogation of law enforcement officers, and administrative disciplinary hearings, to ensure accountability of law enforcement officers, to guarantee the due process rights of law enforcement officers, and to require States to enact law enforcement discipline, accountability, and due process laws H.R. 368 To establish and rapidly implement Government Reform Rep. T. Davis regulations for State driver's license and Judiciary (VA) identification document security 1/26/05 standards H.R. 418 To establish and rapidly implement Judiciary Rep. regulations for State driver's license and Homeland Security Sensenbrenner identification document security Government Reform 1/26/05 standards, to prevent terrorists from abusing the asylum laws of the United States, to unify terrorism-related grounds for inadmissibility and removal, and to ensure expeditious construction of the San Diego border fence H.R. 557 To amend the Immigration and Judiciary Rep. Kolbe Nationality Act to authorize 2/2/05 appropriations for fiscal years 2005 through 2011 to carry out the State Criminal Alien Assistance Program CRS-80 H.R. 604 To halt the issuance of visas to citizens of Judiciary Rep. Weiner Saudi Arabia until the President certifies 2/2/05 that the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia does not discriminate in the issuance of visas on the basis of religious affiliation or heritage H.R. 634 To designate Poland as a program Judiciary Rep. Jackson- country under the visa waiver program Lee established under section 217 of the 2/8/05 Immigration and Nationality Act, subject to special conditions H.R. 635 To designate Poland as a program Judiciary Rep. N. Johnson country under the visa waiver program (CT) established under section 217 of the 2/8/05 Immigration and Nationality Act H.R. 661 To provide for naturalization through Judiciary Rep. Rangel service in a combat zone designated in 2/8/05 connection with Operation Iraqi Freedom, and for other purposes H.R. 688 To amend the Immigration and Judiciary Rep. Barrett Nationality Act to bar the admission, and Homeland Security 2/9/05 facilitate the removal, of alien terrorists and their supporters and fundraisers, to secure our borders against terrorists, drug traffickers, and other illegal aliens, to facilitate the removal of illegal aliens and aliens who are criminals or human rights abusers, to reduce visa, document, and employment fraud, to temporarily suspend processing of certain visas and immigration benefits, to reform the legal immigration system, and for other purposes H.R. 698 To amend the Immigration and Judiciary Rep. Deal Nationality Act to deny citizenship at 2/9/05 birth to children born in the United States of parents who are not citizens or permanent resident aliens H.R. 793 To revise certain requirements for H-2B Judiciary Rep. Gilchrest employers and require submission of 2/14/05 information regarding H-2B nonimmigrants, and for other purposes H.R. 814 To amend the Immigration and Judiciary Rep. Evans Nationality Act to provide for the 2/15/05 automatic acquisition of citizenship by certain individuals born in Korea, Vietnam, Laos, Kampuchea, or Thailand CRS-81 H.R. 820 To amend the Immigration and Judiciary Rep. P. King Nationality Act to reauthorize the State (NY) Criminal Alien Assistance Program 2/15/05 H.R. 884 To provide for the adjustment of status of Judiciary Rep. Cannon certain foreign agricultural workers, to 2/17/05 amend the Immigration and Nationality Act to reform the H-2A worker program under that Act, to provide a stable, legal agricultural workforce, to extend basic legal protections and better working conditions to more workers, and for other purposes H.R. 900 To amend the Immigration and Judiciary Rep. Case Nationality Act to remove from an alien 2/17/05 the initial burden of establishing that he or she is entitled to nonimmigrant status under section 101(a)(15)(B) of such Act, in the case of certain aliens seeking to enter the United States for a temporary stay occasioned by the serious illness or death of a United States citizen or an alien lawfully admitted for permanent residence, and for other purposes H.R. 901 To amend the Immigration and Judiciary Rep. Case Nationality Act to give priority in the 2/17/05 issuance of immigrant visas to the sons and daughters of Filipino World War II veterans who are or were naturalized citizens of the United States, and for other purposes H.R. 925 To prohibit a Federal agency from Government Reform Rep. Gallegly accepting a form of individual Judiciary 2/17/05 identification issued by a foreign House government, except a passport that is Administration accepted on the date of enactment Armed Services H.R. 926 To amend title 38, United States Code, to Veterans' Affairs Rep. Gerlach authorize Department of Veterans Affairs Judiciary 2/17/05 police officers to execute on Department property arrest warrants of a State or local government within the jurisdiction of which such Department property is located H.R. 936 To provide for immigration relief in the Judiciary Rep. Honda case of certain immigrants who are 2/17/05 innocent victims of immigration fraud CRS-82 H.R. 970 To increase and enhance law enforcement Judiciary Rep. Schiff resources committed to investigation and 2/17/05 prosecution of violent gangs, to deter and punish violent gang crime, to protect law- abiding citizens and communities from violent criminals, to revise and enhance criminal penalties for violent crimes, to reform and facilitate prosecution of juvenile gang members who commit violent crimes, to expand and improve gang prevention programs, and for other purposes H.R. 1076 To authorize the President to detain an Judiciary Rep. Schiff enemy combatant who is a United States Armed Services 3/3/05 person or resident who is a member of al Qaeda or knowingly cooperated with members of al Qaeda, to guarantee timely access to judicial review to challenge the basis for a detention, to permit the detainee access to counsel, and for other purposes H.R. 1147 To provide benefits to public safety Judiciary Rep. Baca officers who die or become disabled as a 3/8/05 result of certain injuries H.R. 1157 To amend the Foreign Intelligence Judiciary Rep. Sanders Surveillance Act to exempt bookstores Intelligence 3/8/05 and libraries from orders requiring the production of any tangible things for certain foreign intelligence investigations, and for other purposes H.R. 1168 To ensure that the national instant Judiciary Rep. P. King criminal background check system (NY) provides the Federal Bureau of 3/8/05 Investigation with information on approved firearms transfers to persons named in the Violent Gang and Terrorist Organization File H.R. 1172 To provide for the protection of Judiciary Rep. Lofgren unaccompanied alien children, and for 3/8/05 other purposes H.R. 1195 To increase public safety and reduce the Judiciary Rep. McCarthy threat to domestic security by including 3/9/05 persons who may be prevented from boarding an aircraft in the National Instant Criminal Background Check System, and for other purposes CRS-83 H.R. 1196 To improve the security clearance Homeland Security Rep. Ortiz process along the United States-Mexico Judiciary 3/9/05 border, to increase the number of detention beds, and for other purposes H.R. 1219 To amend the Immigration and Judiciary Rep. Goodlatte Nationality Act to eliminate the diversity 3/10/05 immigrant program H.R. 1225 To better manage the national instant Judiciary Rep. Conyers criminal background check system and 3/10/05 terrorism matches H.R. 1310 To amend the Intelligence Reform and Government Reform Rep. Maloney Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 with Judiciary 3/15/05 respect to the Privacy and Civil Liberties Homeland Security Oversight Board, and for other purposes Intelligence H.R. 1320 To secure the borders of the United Judiciary Rep. Reyes States, and for other purposes Homeland Security 3/15/05 H.R. 1324 To require the Secretary of Homeland Homeland Security Rep. Sullivan Security to establish a U.S. Immigration Judiciary 3/15/05 and Customs Enforcement Office of Ways and Means Investigations field office in Tulsa, OK H.R. 1325 To amend the Immigration and Judiciary Rep. Tancredo Nationality Act to repeal authorities 3/15/05 relating to H1-B visas for temporary workers H.R. 1374 To amend the Immigration and Judiciary Rep. Cooper Nationality Act to permit aliens who are 3/17/05 independent living assistants to be accorded status as J nonimmigrants to provide in-home living and home support services to adults with disabilities H.R. 1389 To prohibit the importation, manufacture, Judiciary Rep. Hinchey distribution, or storage of ammonium 3/17/05 nitrate compound without a license, to prohibit the receipt of ammonium nitrate compound without a license or permit, and for other purposes H.R. 1400 To amend title 18, United States Code, to Judiciary Rep. Keller provide penalties for aiming laser 3/17/05 pointers at airplanes, and for other purposes H.R. 1415 To improve the National Instant Criminal Judiciary Rep. McCarthy Background Check System, and for other 3/17/05 purposes CRS-84 H.R. 1502 To restore civil liberties under the First Judiciary Rep. Berman Amendment, the Immigration and Intelligence 4/6/05 Nationality Act, and the Foreign Homeland Security Intelligence Surveillance Act H.R. 1526 To amend the Foreign Intelligence Judiciary Rep. Otter Surveillance Act of 1978 and title 18, Intelligence 4/6/05 United States Code, to strengthen protections of civil liberties in the exercise of the foreign intelligence surveillance authorities under Federal law, and for other purposes H.R. 1587 To match willing United States workers Judiciary Rep. Tancredo with employers, to increase and fairly 4/13/05 apportion H-2B visas, and to ensure that H-2B visas serve their intended purpose H.R. 1737 To amend the Haitian Refugee Judiciary Rep. K. Meek Immigration Fairness Act of 1998 to (FL) benefit individuals who were children 4/20/05 when such Act was enacted H.R. 1763 To increase criminal penalties relating to Judiciary Rep. Carter terrorist murders, deny Federal benefits 4/21/05 to terrorists, and for other purposes H.R. 1770 To require employers at critical Judiciary Rep. Gallegly infrastructure sites to participate in the 4/21/05 pilot program for employment eligibility verification, and for other purposes H.R. 1804 To prescribe the oath of renunciation and Judiciary Rep. J. Ryun allegiance for purposes of the (KS) Immigration and Nationality Act 4/21/05 H.R. 1817 To authorize appropriations for fiscal Homeland Security Rep. Cox year 2006 for the Department of Referred 4/26/05 Homeland Security, and for other sequentially: purposes Energy and Commerce Government Reform Judiciary Science Transportation and Infrastructure Ways and Means Intelligence H.R. 1823 To amend the Immigration and Judiciary Rep. Andrews Nationality Act to extend the provisions 4/26/05 governing nonimmigrant status for spouses and children of permanent resident aliens awaiting the availability of an immigrant visa, and for other purposes CRS-85 H.R. 1912 To suspend certain nonessential visas, in Judiciary Rep. Graves order to provide temporary workload 4/27/05 relief critical to the successful reorganization of the immigration and naturalization functions of the Department of Homeland Security, to ensure that the screening and monitoring of arriving immigrants and nonimmigrants, and the deterrence of entry and settlement by illegal or unauthorized aliens, is sufficient to maintain the integrity of the sovereign borders of the United States, and for other purposes H.R. 2041 To provide for homeland security grant Homeland Security Rep. Castle coordination and simplification, and for Energy and 5/2/05 other purposes Commerce Transportation and Infrastructure Judiciary H.R. 2049 To require certain Federal service Judiciary Rep. Blackburn contractors to participate in a pilot Education and the 5/3/05 program for employment eligibility Workforce confirmation H.R. 2055 To amend the Immigration and Judiciary Rep. B. Frank Nationality Act to permit certain long- (MA) term permanent resident aliens to seek 5/3/05 cancellation of removal under such Act, and for other purposes H.R. 2092 To amend the Immigration and Judiciary Rep. Jackson- Nationality Act to comprehensively Ways and Means Lee reform immigration law and to better Energy and 5/4/05 protect immigrant victims of violence, Commerce and for other purposes Agriculture Homeland Security Financial Services H.R. 2194 To amend title 18, United States Code, to Judiciary Rep. Lungren provide additional protections for law 5/5/05 enforcement officers, and for other purposes H.R. 2219 To ensure that, during time of war and in Judiciary Rep. Gerlach another country, the United States does 5/10/05 not detain a United States citizen unless the United States first ensures that the citizen's fundamental rights to information, counsel, and communication are protected CRS-86 H.R. 2293 To provide special immigrant status for Judiciary Rep. Hostettler aliens serving as translators with the 5/11/05 United States Armed Forces H.R. 2330 To improve border security and Judiciary Rep. Kolbe immigration Homeland Security 5/12/05 International Relations Energy and Commerce Education and the Workforce H.R. 2363 To amend title 18, United States Code, to Judiciary Rep. Dreier increase the penalty on persons convicted 5/16/05 of killing peace officers and who flee the country H.R. 2367 To amend the Immigration and Judiciary Rep. Filner Nationality Act to permit certain Mexican 5/16/05 children, and accompanying adults, to obtain a waiver of the documentation requirements otherwise required to enter the United States as a temporary visitor H.R. 2513 To amend the Immigration and Judiciary Rep. J. Ryun Nationality Act to prescribe the oath or (KS) affirmation of renunciation and 5/19/05 allegiance required to be naturalized as a citizen of the United States H.R. 2592 To designate Haiti under section 244 of Judiciary Rep. A. Hastings the Immigration and Nationality Act in (FL) order to render nationals of Haiti eligible 5/24/05 for temporary protected status under such section H.R. 2628 To modify certain deadlines pertaining to Homeland Security Rep. Flake machine-readable, tamper-resistant entry Judiciary 5/25/05 and exit documents H.R. 2649 To strengthen aviation security Homeland Security Rep. Markey Judiciary 5/26/05 Transportation and Infrastructure H.R. 2651 To reduce crime and terrorism at Judiciary Rep. Schiff America's seaports, and for other 5/26/05 purposes H.R. 2687 To amend the Immigration and Judiciary Rep. Lofgren Naturalization Act to provide for the 5/26/05 automatic acquisition of citizenship by certain Amerasians CRS-87 H.R. 2715 To establish reasonable procedural Judiciary Rep. Nadler protections for the use of national Financial Services 5/26/05 security letters, and for other purposes S. 188 A bill to amend the Immigration and Judiciary Sen. Feinstein Nationality Act to authorize 1/26/05 appropriations for fiscal years 2005 through 2011 to carry out the State Criminal Alien Assistance Program Science Committee Measure Official Title Committee Number, Referral Sponsor, Date of Introduction H.R. 909 To provide for the establishment of a Science Rep. Cummings hazardous materials cooperative research Transportation and 2/17/05 program Infrastructure H.R. 1817 To authorize appropriations for fiscal Homeland Security Rep. Cox year 2006 for the Department of Referred 4/26/05 Homeland Security, and for other sequentially: purposes Energy and Commerce Government Reform Judiciary Science Transportation and Infrastructure Ways and Means Intelligence Transportation and Infrastructure Committee Measure Official Title Committee Number, Referral Sponsor, Date of Introduction H.R. 3 To authorize funds for Federal-aid Transportation and Rep. D. Young highways, highway safety programs, and Infrastructure (AK) transit programs, and for other purposes 2/9/05 CRS-88 H.R. 35 To authorize the Secretary of Transportation and Rep. Burgess Transportation to carry out a project to Infrastructure 1/4/05 widen Interstate Route 35 East in Denton County, Texas H.R. 65 To amend the age restrictions for pilots Transportation and Rep. Gibbons Infrastructure 1/4/05 H.R. 88 To direct the Director of the Federal Transportation and Rep. Emergency Management Agency to Infrastructure Frelinghuysen designate New Jersey Task Force 1 as 1/4/05 part of the National Urban Search and Rescue System H.R. 91 To authorize the Secretary of Homeland Homeland Security Rep. Security to make grants to first Transportation and Frelinghuysen responders, and for other purposes Infrastructure 1/4/05 Judiciary Energy and Commerce H.R. 129 To allow a waiver or exemption of Transportation and Rep. S. Jones certain requirements for restricted Infrastructure (OH) airspace if security is not reduced 1/4/05 H.R. 153 To provide increased rail and public Homeland Security Rep. Menendez transportation security Transportation and 1/4/05 Infrastructure H.R. 154 To authorize the Secretary of Homeland Transportation and Rep. Menendez Security to make grants to reimburse Infrastructure 1/4/05 State and local governments and Indian Energy and tribes for certain costs relating to the Commerce mobilization of Reserves who are first Judiciary responder personnel of such governments or tribes H.R. 168 To amend title 23, United States Code, to Transportation and Rep. Millender- establish a goods movement program to Infrastructure McDonald improve the productivity, security, and 1/4/05 safety of freight transportation gateways H.R. 173 To prevent and respond to terrorism and Judiciary Rep. Millender- crime at or through ports Transportation and McDonald Infrastructure 1/4/05 Ways and Means Homeland Security H.R. 242 To authorize appropriations to the Science Rep. Ehlers Department of Transportation for surface Transportation and 1/6/05 transportation research and development, Infrastructure and for other purposes CRS-89 H.R. 494 To amend the Water Resources Transportation and Rep. Development Act of 1986 to expand the Infrastructure Rohrabacher authority of non-Federal interests to levy 2/1/05 harbor fees H.R. 566 To provide protections and services to Energy and Rep. Maloney certain individuals after the terrorist Commerce 2/2/05 attack on September 11, 2001, in New Transportation and York City, in the State of New York, and Infrastructure for other purposes H.R. 572 To amend the National Highway System Transportation and Rep. J. Moran Designation Act of 1995 concerning the Infrastructure (KS) applicability of hours of service 2/2/05 requirements to drivers operating commercial motor vehicles transporting agricultural commodities and farm supplies H.R. 587 To improve the safe operation of aircraft Transportation and Rep. Weiner Infrastructure 2/2/05 H.R. 603 To improve safety and reduce traffic Transportation and Rep. Watson congestion at grade crossings Infrastructure 2/2/05 H.R. 618 To amend title 49, United States Code, to Transportation and Rep. Beauprez ensure that the National Driver Registry Infrastructure 2/8/05 includes certain information H.R. 620 To require the Comptroller General of the Transportation and Rep. Jackson- United States to conduct a study on the Infrastructure Lee development and implementation by Government Reform 2/8/05 States of security measures for driver's licenses and identification cards and a study on the consequences of denying driver's licenses to aliens unlawfully present in the United States, and for other purposes HR. 623 To allow an operator of a commercial Transportation and Rep. Boozman motor vehicle breaks in a daily tour of Infrastructure 2/8/05 duty H.R. 734 To improve the safe operation of aircraft Transportation and Rep. Weiner Infrastructure 2/9/05 H.R. 889 To authorize appropriations for the Coast Transportation and Rep. D. Young Guard for fiscal year 2006, to make Infrastructure (AK) technical corrections to various laws 2/17/05 administered by the Coast Guard, and for other purposes CRS-90 H.R. 909 To provide for the establishment of a Science Rep. Cummings hazardous materials cooperative research Transportation and 2/17/05 program Infrastructure H.R. 911 To require the Secretary of Homeland Transportation and Rep. T. Davis Security to develop and implement Infrastructure (VA) standards for the operation of non- 2/17/05 scheduled, commercial air carrier (air charter) and general aviation operations at Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport H.R. 954 To improve the safety of rural roads Transportation and Rep. Ney Infrastructure 2/17/05 H.R. 1012 To establish a commercial truck highway Transportation and Rep. Michaud safety demonstration program in the State Infrastructure 3/1/05 of Maine, and for other purposes H.R. 1109 To provide for the security and safety of Homeland Security Rep. Lynch rail and rail transit transportation Transportation and 3/3/05 systems, and for other purposes Infrastructure H.R. 1116 To direct the Secretary of Homeland Homeland Security Rep. Millender- Security to carry out activities to assess Transportation and McDonald and reduce the vulnerabilities of public Infrastructure 3/3/05 transportation systems H.R. 1137 To amend the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Transportation and Rep. A. Hastings Relief and Emergency Assistance Act to Infrastructure (FL) improve Federal response to disasters, 3/7/05 and for other purposes H.R. 1218 To amend titles 23 and 49, United States Transportation and Rep. McGovern Code, concerning length and weight Infrastructure 3/10/05 limitations for vehicles operating on Federal-aid highways, and for other purposes H.R. 1296 To amend title 49, United States Code, Transportation and Rep. H. Brown relating to responsibility for intermodal Infrastructure (SC) equipment compliance with commercial 3/15/05 motor vehicle safety requirements, and for other purposes H.R. 1386 To establish a National Drought Council Agriculture Rep. A. Hastings within the Department of Agriculture, to Resources (FL) improve national drought preparedness, Transportation and 3/17/05 mitigation, and response efforts, and for Infrastructure other purposes H.R. 1412 To amend the Ports and Waterways Transportation and Rep. LoBiondo Safety Act to require notification of the Infrastructure 3/17/05 Coast Guard regarding obstructions to navigation, and for other purposes CRS-91 H.R. 1414 To direct the Secretary of Homeland Homeland Security Rep. Markey Security to issue regulations concerning Transportation and 3/17/05 the shipping of extremely hazardous Infrastructure materials, and for other purposes H.R. 1448 To direct the Commandant of the Coast Transportation and Rep. Stupak Guard to convey the Coast Guard Cutter Infrastructure 3/17/05 Mackinaw, upon its scheduled decommissioning, to the City and County of Cheboygan, Michigan, to use for purposes of a museum H.R. 1496 To return general aviation to Ronald Transportation and Rep. D. Young Reagan Washington National Airport Infrastructure (AK) 4/6/05 H.R. 1525 To establish the United States Transportation and Del. Norton Commission on an Open Society with Infrastructure 4/6/05 Security Homeland Security H.R. 1552 To amend the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Transportation and Rep. Jindal Relief and Emergency Assistance Act to Infrastructure 4/12/05 clarify that the religious status of a private nonprofit facility does not preclude the facility from receiving assistance under the Act H.R. 1795 To amend the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Transportation and Rep. Maloney Relief and Emergency Assistance Act to Infrastructure 4/21/05 modify the terms of the community disaster loan program, to authorize assistance under that program for losses related to the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, and for other purposes H.R. 1817 To authorize appropriations for fiscal Homeland Security Rep. Cox year 2006 for the Department of Referred 4/26/05 Homeland Security, and for other sequentially: purposes Energy and Commerce Government Reform Judiciary Science Transportation and Infrastructure Ways and Means Intelligence H.R. 1818 To amend title 49, United States Code, to Homeland Security Rep. Oberstar make funds available for the Aviation Transportation and 4/26/05 Security Capital Fund, to establish a Infrastructure Checkpoint Screening Security Fund, and for other purpose CRS-92 H.R. 1870 To expedite payments of certain Federal Transportation and Rep. Foley emergency assistance authorized pursuant Infrastructure 4/27/05 to the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act, and to direct the Secretary of Homeland Security to exercise certain authority provided under such Act H.R. 1874 To improve national pier inspections and Transportation and Rep. Andrews safety standards Infrastructure 4/27/05 H.R. 2041 To provide for homeland security grant Homeland Security Rep. Castle coordination and simplification, and for Energy and 5/2/05 other purposes Commerce Transportation and Infrastructure Judiciary H.R. 2105 To amend title 23, United States Code, Transportation and Rep. Pallone relating to the use of safety belts and Infrastructure 5/4/05 child restraint systems by children, and for other purposes H.R. 2210 To require combination 3-point safety Transportation and Rep. Baca belts on certain school buses, and for Infrastructure 5/10/05 other purposes H.R. 2338 To amend the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Transportation and Rep. Cubin Relief and Emergency Assistance Act to Infrastructure 5/12/05 direct the President to designate a Small State Advocate in the Federal Emergency Management Agency H.R. 2351 To provide for the safety and security of Transportation and Rep. Oberstar United States railroads, passengers, Infrastructure 5/12/05 workers, and communities, and to Homeland Security establish an assistance program for families of passengers involved in rail accidents H.R. 2566 To provide an extension of highway, Transportation and Rep. D. Young highway safety, motor carrier safety, Infrastructure (AK) transit, and other programs funded out of Ways and Means 5/24/05 the Highway Trust Fund pending Science enactment of a law reauthorizing the Resources Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century H.R. 2649 To strengthen aviation security Homeland Security Rep. Markey Judiciary 5/26/05 Transportation and Infrastructure CRS-93 H.R. 2724 To establish a national Civilian Volunteer Transportation and Rep. Rangel Service Reserve program, a national Infrastructure 5/26/05 volunteer service corps ready for service in response to domestic or international emergencies Ways and Means Committee Measure Official Title Committee Number, Referral Sponsor, Date of Introduction H.R. 98 To amend the Immigration and Ways and Means Rep. Dreier Nationality Act to enforce restrictions on Judiciary 1/4/05 employment in the United States of Homeland Security unauthorized aliens through the use of Education and the improved Social Security cards and an Workforce Employment Eligibility Database, and for other purposes H.R. 173 To prevent and respond to terrorism and Judiciary Rep. Millender- crime at or through ports Transportation and McDonald Infrastructure 1/4/05 Ways and Means Homeland Security H.R. 208 To lift the trade embargo on Cuba, and International Rep. Serrano for other purposes Relations 1/4/05 Ways and Means Energy and Commerce Judiciary Financial Services Government Reform Agriculture H.R. 445 To amend section 304 of the Tariff Act of Ways and Means Rep. Ehlers 1930 with respect to the marking of 2/1/05 imported home furniture H.R. 521 To impose tariff-rate quotas on certain Ways and Means Rep. Sherwood casein and milk protein concentrates 2/2/05 CRS-94 H.R. 579 To lift the trade embargo on Cuba, and International Rep. Paul for other purposes Relations 2/2/05 Ways and Means Energy and Commerce Judiciary Financial Services Government Reform Agriculture H.R. 707 To amend the Harmonized Tariff Ways and Means Rep. Israel Schedule of the United States with 2/9/05 respect to rattan webbing H.R. 728 To withdraw normal trade relations Ways and Means Rep. Sanders treatment from the products of the 2/9/05 People's Republic of China H.R. 746 To require Congress to impose limits on Ways and Means Rep. Cardin United States foreign debt 2/10/05 H.R. 885 To authorize the extension of Ways and Means Rep. Hyde nondiscriminatory treatment (normal 2/17/05 trade relations treatment) to the products of Ukraine H.R. 886 To extend certain trade preferences to Ways and Means Rep. Kolbe certain least-developed countries, and for 2/17/05 other purposes H.R. 915 To authorize the President to take certain Ways and Means Rep. English actions to protect archaeological or 2/17/05 ethnological materials of Afghanistan H.R. 967 To provide that normal trade relations Ways and Means Rep. Saxton treatment may not be extended to the 2/17/05 products of any country the government of which engages in certain violations of human rights H.R. 974 To establish the Corporate Subsidy Government Reform Rep. A. Smith Reform Commission to review Ways and Means (WA) inequitable Federal subsidies and make 2/17/05 recommendations for termination, modification, or retention of such subsidies, and to state the sense of the Congress that the Congress should promptly consider legislation that would make the changes in law necessary to implement the recommendations H.R. 1039 To suspend temporarily new shipper Ways and Means Rep. Pickering bonding privileges 3/2/05 CRS-95 H.R. 1053 To authorize the extension of Ways and Means Rep. Gerlach nondiscriminatory treatment (normal 3/2/05 trade relations treatment) to the products of Ukraine H.R. 1068 To maintain and expand the steel import Ways and Means Rep. English licensing and monitoring program 3/3/05 H.R. 1115 To amend the Harmonized Tariff Ways and Means Rep. McKeon Schedule of the United States to clarify 3/3/05 the tariff rate for certain mechanics' gloves H.R. 1121 To repeal section 754 of the Tariff Act of Ways and Means Rep. Ramstad 1930 3/3/05 H.R. 1141 To strengthen sanctions against the International Rep. Ros- Government of Syria, to establish a Relations Lehtinen program to support a transition to a Financial Services 3/8/05 democratically elected government in Ways and means Syria and the restoration of sovereignty Government Reform and democratic rule in Lebanon, and for other purposes H.R. 1170 To authorize the extension of Ways and Means Rep. Levin unconditional and permanent Rules 3/8/05 nondiscriminatory treatment (permanent normal trade relations treatment) to the products of Ukraine, and for other purposes H.R. 1216 To amend title VII of the Tariff Act of Ways and Means Rep. English 1930 to provide that the provisions 3/10/05 relating to countervailing duties apply to nonmarket economy countries H.R. 1230 To extend trade benefits to certain tents Ways and Means Rep. Blunt imported into the United States 3/10/05 H.R. 1324 To require the Secretary of Homeland Homeland Security Rep. Sullivan Security to establish a U.S. Immigration Judiciary 3/15/05 and Customs Enforcement Office of Ways and Means Investigations field office in Tulsa, OK H.R. 1336 To amend the Harmonized Tariff Ways and Means Rep. Schedule of the United States to clarify Cunningham the classification of laser light sources for 3/16/05 semiconductor manufacturing H.R. 1407 To provide that certain wire rods shall Ways and Means Rep. LaTourette not be subject to any antidumping duty or 3/17/05 countervailing duty order CRS-96 H.R. 1450 To require additional tariffs be imposed Ways and Means Rep. Tancredo on products of any nonmarket economy 3/1/7/05 country until the President certifies to the Congress that that country is a market economy country, and to direct the Secretary of the Treasury to deposit the amounts generated from those tariffs into the Social Security trust funds H.R. 1453 To strengthen United States relations International Rep. Lantos with Libya, to facilitate the integration of Relations 3/20/05 Libya into the international community, Financial Services and to encourage positive change in Ways and Means Libyan society, and for other purposes Government Reform H.R. 1498 To clarify that exchange-rate Ways and Means Rep. T. Ryan manipulation by the People's Republic of Armed Services (OH) China is actionable under the 4/6/05 countervailing duty provisions and the product-specific safeguard mechanisms of the trade laws of the United States, and for other purposes H.R. 1575 To authorize appropriate action if the Ways and Means Rep. Myrick negotiations with the People's Republic 4/12/05 of China regarding China's undervalued currency and currency manipulation are not successful H.R. 1609 To reduce until December 31, 2008, the Ways and Means Rep. Holt duty on potassium sorbate 4/13/05 H.R. 1610 To reduce until December 31, 2008, the Ways and Means Rep. Holt duty on sorbic acid 4/13/05 H.R. 1715 To reduce until December 31, 2008, the Ways and Means Rep. McIntyre duty on PDCB (p-Dichlorobenzene) 4/20/05 H.R. 1802 To amend the Tariff Act of 1930 with Ways and Means Rep. Rehberg respect to the marking of imported live 4/21/05 bovine animals H.R. 1813 To require the payment of interest on Ways and Means Rep. Rangel amounts owed by the United States 4/26/05 pursuant to the reliquidation of certain entries under the Tariff Suspension and Trade Act of 2000 and the Miscellaneous Trade and Technical Corrections Act of 2004 CRS-97 H.R. 1817 To authorize appropriations for fiscal Homeland Security Rep. Cox year 2006 for the Department of Referred 4/26/05 Homeland Security, and for other sequentially: purposes Energy and Commerce Government Reform Judiciary Science Transportation and Infrastructure Ways and Means Intelligence H.R. 1824 To provide for the duty-free entry of Ways and Means Rep. Blumenauer certain tramway cars and associated spare 4/26/05 parts for use by the city of Portland, OR H.R. 1914 To amend the Harmonized Tariff Ways and Means Rep. Honda Schedule of the United States to provide 4/27/05 that the calculation of the duty imposed on imported cherries that are provisionally preserved does not include the weight of the preservative materials of the cherries H.R. 1997 To amend the Harmonized Tariff Ways and Means Rep. Manzullo Schedule of the United States to clarify 4/28/05 the article description relating to certain monochrome glass envelopes, and for other purposes H.R. 2003 To amend the Harmonized Tariff Ways and Means Rep. Otter Schedule of the United States to remove 4/28/05 the 100 percent tariff imposed on Roquefort cheese H.R. 2092 To amend the Immigration and Judiciary Rep. Jackson- Nationality Act to comprehensively Ways and Means Lee reform immigration law and to better Energy and 5/4/05 protect immigrant victims of violence, Commerce and for other purposes Agriculture Homeland Security Financial Services H.R. 2414 To require the Secretary of the Treasury Ways and Means Rep. M. Rogers to analyze and report on the exchange (MI) rate policies of the People Republic of 5/17/05 China, and to require that measures consistent with the obligations of the United States under the World Trade Organization be taken to offset any disadvantage to United States producers resulting from China's exchange rate policies CRS-98 H.R. 2473 To amend the Tariff Act of 1930 relating Ways and Means Rep. Shaw to determining the all-others rate in 5/19/05 antidumping cases H.R. 2691 To amend the Bipartisan Trade Ways and Means Rep. Melancon Promotion Authority Act of 2002 to 5/26/05 require the President to submit to the Congress, within 90 days after entering into a trade agreement, the implementing legislation, the statement of administrative action, and supporting information, with respect to that trade agreement In addition, a number of bills were referred solely to the Ways and Means Committee related to the temporary suspension or reduction of duties on various items, many of which are chemical compounds. The official title of these bills closely followed one of these formats: (1) "To suspend temporarily the duty on [ ]", (2) "To extend the temporary suspension of the duty on [ ]", or (3) "To reduce temporarily the duty on [ ]".77 These bills are listed in the following table: 77 Rep. Clay Shaw, chair of the Trade Subcommittee, Ways and Means Committee, notified the House on March 10, 2005, that Members planning to introduce tariff legislation or miscellaneous corrections to the trade laws should do so by April 28, 2005, so that the subcommittee would have sufficient time to review the measures in preparation of a "miscellaneous trade bill." See [http://waysandmeans.house.gov/Special.asp?section=1718], visited June 17, 2005. The time frame to introduce these bills was subsequently extended by an e-mail notification. Some bills in the previous Ways and Means Committee table are similar in purpose to the bills in the following table, but had official titles in a different format. CRS-99 Temporary Duty Suspension or Reduction Bills Referred to Ways and Means Committee H.R. 53 H.R. 1783 H.R. 1896 H.R. 1990 H.R. 2138 H.R. 2226 H.R. 178 H.R. 1784 H.R. 1897 H.R. 1991 H.R. 2139 H.R. 2227 H.R. 617 H.R. 1785 H.R. 1899 H.R. 1992 H.R. 2140 H.R. 2228 H.R. 636 H.R. 1786 H.R. 1900 H.R. 2009 H.R. 2141 H.R. 2241 H.R. 637 H.R. 1787 H.R. 1901 H.R. 2010 H.R. 2142 H.R. 2242 H.R. 638 H.R. 1788 H.R. 1903 H.R. 2015 H.R. 2143 H.R. 2243 H.R. 639 H.R. 1799 H.R. 1904 H.R. 2016 H.R. 2144 H.R. 2244 H.R. 640 H.R. 1826 H.R. 1906 H.R. 2019 H.R. 2145 H.R. 2245 H.R. 641 H.R. 1827 H.R. 1907 H.R. 2020 H.R. 2146 H.R. 2246 H.R. 642 H.R. 1828 H.R. 1908 H.R. 2021 H.R. 2147 H.R. 2252 H.R. 643 H.R. 1829 H.R. 1909 H.R. 2022 H.R. 2148 H.R. 2253 H.R. 644 H.R. 1830 H.R. 1910 H.R. 2023 H.R. 2149 H.R. 2254 H.R. 645 H.R. 1831 H.R. 1911 H.R. 2024 H.R. 2150 H.R. 2255 H.R. 646 H.R. 1832 H.R. 1913 H.R. 2025 H.R. 2151 H.R. 2256 H.R. 647 H.R. 1833 H.R. 1915 H.R. 2026 H.R. 2152 H.R. 2260 H.R. 648 H.R. 1838 H.R. 1916 H.R. 2027 H.R. 2153 H.R. 2261 H.R. 1202 H.R. 1839 H.R. 1917 H.R. 2028 H.R. 2154 H.R. 2262 H.R. 1221 H.R. 1840 H.R. 1918 H.R. 2029 H.R. 2155 H.R. 2263 H.R. 1274 H.R. 1841 H.R. 1919 H.R. 2030 H.R. 2156 H.R. 2264 H.R. 1391 H.R. 1842 H.R. 1920 H.R. 2031 H.R. 2157 H.R. 2265 H.R. 1392 H.R. 1843 H.R. 1921 H.R. 2032 H.R. 2158 H.R. 2266 H.R. 1444 H.R. 1844 H.R. 1922 H.R. 2033 H.R. 2159 H.R. 2267 H.R. 1464 H.R. 1845 H.R. 1923 H.R. 2056 H.R. 2160 H.R. 2268 H.R. 1465 H.R. 1846 H.R. 1924 H.R. 2077 H.R. 2161 H.R. 2269 H.R. 1466 H.R. 1848 H.R. 1925 H.R. 2078 H.R. 2162 H.R. 2270 H.R. 1534 H.R. 1851 H.R. 1926 H.R. 2079 H.R. 2163 H.R. 2271 H.R. 1535 H.R. 1854 H.R. 1927 H.R. 2080 H.R. 2164 H.R. 2272 H.R. 1536 H.R. 1855 H.R. 1934 H.R. 2081 H.R. 2165 H.R. 2273 H.R. 1537 H.R. 1856 H.R. 1935 H.R. 2082 H.R. 2166 H.R. 2274 H.R. 1698 H.R. 1857 H.R. 1936 H.R. 2083 H.R. 2167 H.R. 2275 H.R. 1699 H.R. 1858 H.R. 1937 H.R. 2084 H.R. 2168 H.R. 2276 H.R. 1700 H.R. 1877 H.R. 1938 H.R. 2085 H.R. 2169 H.R. 2277 H.R. 1701 H.R. 1878 H.R. 1941 H.R. 2086 H.R. 2170 H.R. 2278 H.R. 1702 H.R. 1880 H.R. 1944 H.R. 2091 H.R. 2171 H.R. 2279 H.R. 1724 H.R. 1881 H.R. 1945 H.R. 2093 H.R. 2172 H.R. 2280 H.R. 1725 H.R. 1882 H.R. 1959 H.R. 2094 H.R. 2173 H.R. 2281 H.R. 1726 H.R. 1883 H.R. 1962 H.R. 2095 H.R. 2175 H.R. 2282 H.R. 1727 H.R. 1884 H.R. 1963 H.R. 2096 H.R. 2179 H.R. 2285 H.R. 1732 H.R. 1885 H.R. 1964 H.R. 2114 H.R. 2198 H.R. 2286 H.R. 1733 H.R. 1886 H.R. 1965 H.R. 2115 H.R. 2212 H.R. 2287 H.R. 1734 H.R. 1887 H.R. 1966 H.R. 2116 H.R. 2213 H.R. 2288 H.R. 1752 H.R. 1888 H.R. 1967 H.R. 2117 H.R. 2214 H.R. 2289 H.R. 1775 H.R. 1889 H.R. 1968 H.R. 2118 H.R. 2215 H.R. 2302 H.R. 1777 H.R. 1890 H.R. 1969 H.R. 2119 H.R. 2220 H.R. 2303 H.R. 1778 H.R. 1891 H.R. 1970 H.R. 2120 H.R. 2221 H.R. 2309 H.R. 1779 H.R. 1892 H.R. 1971 H.R. 2128 H.R. 2222 H.R. 2310 H.R. 1780 H.R. 1893 H.R. 1976 H.R. 2135 H.R. 2223 H.R. 2311 H.R. 1781 H.R. 1894 H.R. 1978 H.R. 2136 H.R. 2224 H.R. 2312 H.R. 1782 H.R. 1895 H.R. 1979 H.R. 2137 H.R. 2225 H.R. 2313 CRS-100 H.R. 2314 H.R. 2434 H.R. 2465 H.R. 2524 H.R. 2580 H.R. 2615 H.R. 2315 H.R. 2435 H.R. 2466 H.R. 2532 H.R. 2581 H.R. 2624 H.R. 2316 H.R. 2436 H.R. 2467 H.R. 2535 H.R. 2582 H.R. 2632 H.R. 2336 H.R. 2437 H.R. 2468 H.R. 2536 H.R. 2583 H.R. 2675 H.R. 2371 H.R. 2438 H.R. 2469 H.R. 2537 H.R. 2584 H.R. 2676 H.R. 2372 H.R. 2439 H.R. 2477 H.R. 2538 H.R. 2585 H.R. 2677 H.R. 2373 H.R. 2440 H.R. 2478 H.R. 2539 H.R. 2586 H.R. 2678 H.R. 2374 H.R. 2441 H.R. 2479 H.R. 2540 H.R. 2589 H.R. 2696 H.R. 2375 H.R. 2442 H.R. 2480 H.R. 2542 H.R. 2590 H.R. 2697 H.R. 2377 H.R. 2443 H.R. 2481 H.R. 2543 H.R. 2591 H.R. 2698 H.R. 2380 H.R. 2444 H.R. 2482 H.R. 2544 H.R. 2596 H.R. 2699 H.R. 2381 H.R. 2445 H.R. 2483 H.R. 2545 H.R. 2597 H.R. 2700 H.R. 2382 H.R. 2446 H.R. 2492 H.R. 2546 H.R. 2598 H.R. 2701 H.R. 2394 H.R. 2447 H.R. 2493 H.R. 2547 H.R. 2602 H.R. 2702 H.R. 2395 H.R. 2448 H.R. 2494 H.R. 2548 H.R. 2603 H.R. 2703 H.R. 2396 H.R. 2449 H.R. 2495 H.R. 2549 H.R. 2604 H.R. 2704 H.R. 2397 H.R. 2450 H.R. 2496 H.R. 2550 H.R. 2605 H.R. 2705 H.R. 2402 H.R. 2451 H.R. 2497 H.R. 2551 H.R. 2606 H.R. 2706 H.R. 2403 H.R. 2452 H.R. 2501 H.R. 2552 H.R. 2607 H.R. 2707 H.R. 2404 H.R. 2453 H.R. 2502 H.R. 2556 H.R. 2608 H.R. 2708 H.R. 2405 H.R. 2454 H.R. 2503 H.R. 2557 H.R. 2609 H.R. 2709 H.R. 2406 H.R. 2459 H.R. 2504 H.R. 2573 H.R. 2610 H.R. 2710 H.R. 2424 H.R. 2460 H.R. 2505 H.R. 2575 H.R. 2611 H.R. 2711 H.R. 2430 H.R. 2461 H.R. 2506 H.R. 2576 H.R. 2612 H.R. 2712 H.R. 2431 H.R. 2462 H.R. 2507 H.R. 2577 H.R. 2613 H.R. 2713 H.R. 2432 H.R. 2463 H.R. 2522 H.R. 2578 H.R. 2614 H.R. 2714 H.R. 2433 H.R. 2464 H.R. 2523 H.R. 2579 CRS-101 Appendix 2 Hearings and Markups Related to the Study This appendix lists hearings and markups held in the 109th Congress, through May 26, 2005. Hearings, including oversight hearings, and markups listed here relate to the subject matter contained in the jurisdictional changes made in House rules and the jurisdictional explanations contained in the Legislative History.78 All Homeland Security Committee meetings are listed. Each committee's hearings and markups are listed in reverse chronological order.79 Agriculture Committee Full Committee, USDA's Rule Providing for Canadian Beef and Cattle Imports, hearing, March 1, 2005. Armed Services Committee Full Committee, National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2006, markup of H.R. 1815, May18, 2005. Subcommittee on Readiness, National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2006, markup of H.R. 1815, May 12, 2005. Subcommittee on Strategic Forces, National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2006, markup of H.R. 1815, May 12, 2005. Subcommittee on Tactical Air and Land Forces, National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2006, markup of H.R. 1815, May 12, 2005. Subcommittee on Military Personnel, National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2006, markup of H.R. 1815, May 11, 2005. Subcommittee on Projection Forces, National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2006, markup of H.R. 1815, May 11, 2005. 78 H.Res. 5, agreed to in the House Jan. 4, 2005; and "Legislative History," pp. H25-H26. 79 Research on committee meetings was conducted using the U.S. Congressional Committee Meetings Index compiled by the North Carolina State University Libraries. This index is a digest of congressional committee meeting listings contained in the Daily Digest of the Congres s i o n a l R ecord. Available online at [http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/stacks/senatebibs/govBackground.html], visited June 2, 2005. Additional information was obtained from the House committees' web sites, available at [http://www.house.gov], and the Congressional Record, available at [http://www.congress.gov/]. CRS-102 Subcommittee on Terrorism, Unconventional Threats, and Capabilities, National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2006, markup of H.R. 1815, May 11, 2005. Full Committee, Operation Iraqi Freedom/Vehicle Armoring, hearing, May 5, 2005. Subcommittee on Tactical Air and Land Forces, DOD Rotorcraft Programs, hearing, April 14, 2005. Subcommittee on Military Personnel, National Defense Authorization Budget Request for Fiscal Year 2006, hearing, April 7, 2005. Full Committee, Iraq's Past, Present, and Future, hearing, April 6, 2005. Subcommittee on Readiness, National Defense Authorization Budget Request for Fiscal Year 2006 -- Reconstitution of Equipment, hearing, April 6, 2005. Subcommittee on Terrorism, Unconventional Threats, and Capabilities, National Defense Authorization Budget Request for Fiscal Year 2006 -- Chemical Weapons Stockpile, hearing, April 6, 2005. Full Committee, Iraq -- Current Operations and Political Transition, hearing, March 17, 2005. Subcommittee on Terrorism, Unconventional Threats, and Capabilities, National Defense Authorization Budget Request for Fiscal Year 2006 -- Special Operations Command, hearing, March 17, 2005. Full Committee, National Defense Authorization Budget Request for Fiscal Year 2006 -- Department of the Air Force, hearing, March 16, 2005. Subcommittee on Military Personnel, Military Recruiting/Personnel Needs, hearing, March 16, 2005. Subcommittee on Tactical Air and Land Forces, National Defense Authorization Budget Request for Fiscal Year 2006 -- Future Combat Systems, Modularity, and Force Protection Initiatives, hearing, March 16, 2005. Subcommittee on Projection Forces, National Defense Authorization Budget Request for Fiscal Year 2006 -- Navy Critical Enablers, hearing, March 15, 2005. Subcommittee on Readiness, National Defense Authorization Budget Request for Fiscal Year 2006, hearing, March 15, 2005. Subcommittee on Strategic Forces, National Defense Authorization Budget Request for Fiscal Year 2006 -- Missile Defense Programs, hearing, March 15, 2005. CRS-103 Subcommittee on Terrorism, Unconventional Threats, and Capabilities, National Defense Authorization Budget Request for Fiscal Year 2006 -- DOD Responsibilities in Homeland Defense and Homeland Security Missions, hearing, March 15, 2005. Full Committee, National Defense Authorization Budget Request for Fiscal Year 2006, hearing, March 10, 2005. Subcommittee on Terrorism, Unconventional Threats, and Capabilities, National Defense Authorization Budget Request for Fiscal Year 2006 -- Defense Science and Technology in Support of the War on Terrorism, hearing, March 10, 2005. Subcommittee on Projection Forces, National Defense Authorization Budget Request for Fiscal Year 2006 -- Navy's Future Fleet, hearing, March 10, 2005. Full Committee, National Defense Authorization Budget Request for Fiscal Year 2006, hearing, March 9, 2005. Subcommittee on Strategic Forces, National Defense Authorization Budget Request for Fiscal Year 2006 -- Space Activities, hearing, March 9, 2005. Subcommittee on Tactical Air and Land Forces, DOD -- Unmanned Aerial Vehicle and Joint Unmanned Combat Air System Investment Programs Budget Request, hearing, March 9, 2005. Subcommittee on Military Personnel, Care of Injured and Wounded Service Members, hearing, March 3, 2005. Subcommittee on Readiness, National Defense Authorization Budget Request for Fiscal Year 2006, hearing, March 3, 2005. Subcommittee on Tactical Air and Land Forces, National Defense Authorization Budget Request for Fiscal Year 2006 -- Department of the Navy and Department of the Air Force Aviation Acquisition Programs, hearing, March 3, 2005. Subcommittee on Terrorism, Unconventional Threats, and Capabilities, National Defense Authorization Budget Request for Fiscal Year 2006 -- Tactical C-4 Systems, hearing, March 3, 2005. Full Committee, National Defense Authorization Budget Request for Fiscal Year 2006, hearing, March 2, 2005. Subcommittee on Projection Forces, National Defense Authorization Budget Request for Fiscal Year 2006 -- Navy R&D Programs in Support of the War on Terrorism, Naval Transformation, and Future Naval Capabilities, hearing, March 2, 2005. CRS-104 Subcommittee on Strategic Forces, National Defense Authorization Budget Request for Fiscal Year 2006 -- Department of Energy on Atomic Energy Defense Activities, hearing, March 2, 2005. Full Committee, National Defense Authorization Budget Request for Fiscal Year 2006, hearing, March 2, 2005. Full Committee, National Defense Authorization Budget Request for Fiscal Year 2006 -- Department of the Navy, hearing, February 17, 2005. Full Committee, National Defense Authorization Budget Request for Fiscal Year 2006, hearing, February 16, 2005. Full Committee, National Defense Authorization Budget Request for Fiscal Year 2006 -- Department of the Army, hearing, February 9, 2005. Subcommittee on Military Personnel, Armed Forces Adequacy, hearing, February 2, 2005. Energy and Commerce Committee Subcommittee on Health, Pandemic Flu Threat, hearing, May 26, 2005 Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations, Nuclear Terrorism Threat Reduction, hearing, May 24, 2005. Full Committee, Department of Homeland Security Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2006, markup of H.R. 1817, May 11, 2005. Full Committee, Flu Season Readiness, hearing, May 4, 2005. Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations, DOE Nuclear Facilities -- Security Initiatives, hearing, March 18, 2005. Subcommittee on Energy and Air Quality, Yucca Mountain Repository, hearing, March 10, 2005. Full Committee, Health Care Priorities for Fiscal Year 2006, hearing, February 17, 2005. Financial Services Committee Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations, Financial Institutions Detecting Financial Crimes, hearing, May 26, 2005. CRS-105 Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations, and Committee on International Relations, Subcommittee on International Terrorism and Nonproliferation, Terrorist Financing/Middle Eastern Financial Institutions, joint hearing, May 4, 2005. Subcommittee on Housing and Community Opportunity, National Flood Insurance Program, hearing, April 14, 2005. Full Committee, Miscellaneous Measures (including H.R. 804, amending the national flood insurance program), markup of H.R. 804, March 16, 2005. Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations, Terrorist Responses to Improved U.S. Financial Defenses, hearing, February 16, 2005. Government Reform Committee Full Committee, Federal Student Loan Program, hearing, May 26, 2005. Subcommittee on Regulatory Affairs, Taxpayer Paperwork Burden, hearing, May 25, 2005. Subcommittee on Federalism and the Census, Bringing Community Development Block Grant Program Spending in the 21st Century, hearing, May 24, 2005. Subcommittee on Federal Workforce and Agency Organization, Committee Business (several bills affecting federal employees), markup of H.R. 994, H.R. 1283, and H.R. 1765, and Federal Food Inspection Program, hearing, May 17, 2005. Full Committee, Securing Our Borders, hearing, May 12, 2005. Subcommittee on Government Management, Finance, and Accountability, Freedom of Information Act Implementation, hearing, May 11, 2005. Subcommittee on National Security, Emerging Threats, and International Relations, Overseas Security, hearing, May 10, 2005. Subcommittee on Criminal Justice, Drug Policy, and Human Resources, DOD Counternarcotics Budget, hearing, May 10, 2005. Full Committee, Miscellaneous Measures (including H.R. 2066, General Services Administration Modernization Act), markup of H.R. 2066, and Roles of FDA and Pharmaceutical Companies in Ensuring the Safety of Approved Drugs, hearing, May 5, 2005. Subcommittee on Government Management, Finance, and Accountability, Department of Justice Financial Management Challenges, hearing, May 4, 2005. Full Committee, Re-examination -- Federal Agencies' Continuity of Operations Plans, hearing, April 28, 2005. CRS-106 Subcommittee on Federalism and the Census, Community Development Block Grant Formula, hearing, April 26, 2005. Subcommittee on Criminal Justice, Drug Policy, and Human Resources, Drug Prevention Programs and the Fiscal Year 2006 Drug Control Budget, hearing, April 26, 2005. Subcommittee on Criminal Justice, Drug Policy, and Human Resources, The National Parks: Will They Survive for Future Generations?, hearing, April 22, 2005. Full Committee, OMB Management Watch List, hearing, April 21, 2005. Subcommittee on Federal Workforce and Agency Organization, Thrift Savings Plan/Real Estate Trusts, hearing, April 19, 2005. Subcommittee on Criminal Justice, Drug Policy, and Human Resources, Federal Health Programs, hearing, April 19, 2005. Full Committee, Miscellaneous Measures (including two government operations bills), markup of H.R. 22 and H.R. 1533, April 13, 2005. Subcommittee on Federal Workforce and Agency Organization, National Security Personnel System, hearing, April 12, 2005. Subcommittee on Regulatory Affairs, Impact of Regulation on U.S. Manufacturing, hearing, April 12, 2005. Full Committee, Government Information Security, hearing, April 7, 2005. Subcommittee on National Security, Emerging Threats, and International Relations, Assessing Anthrax Detection Methods, hearing, April 5, 2005. Subcommittee on Federal Workforce and Agency Organization, Yucca Mountain Project: Have Federal Employees Falsified Documents?, hearing, April 5, 2005. Full Committee, Rethinking the Way GSA Does Business, hearing, March 16, 2005. Subcommittee on Government Management, Finance, and Accountability, Army National Guard Travel Reimbursement Procedures, hearing, March 16, 2005. Subcommittee on National Security, Emerging Threats, and International Relations, Iraqi Security Forces, hearing, March 14, 2005. Full Committee, Miscellaneous Measures (including H.R. 185, Program Assessment and Results Act), markup of H.R. 185, March 10, 2005. Subcommittee on Criminal Justice, Drug Policy, and Human Resources, Drug Control Budget, hearing, March 10, 2005. CRS-107 Full Committee, Burden of Unfunded Mandates on State, County, and City Governments, hearing, March 8, 2005. Full Committee, Making Networx Work, hearing, March 3, 2005. Subcommittee on Federal Workforce and Agency Organization, Security Personnel System Implementation -- Department of Homeland Security, hearing, March 2, 2005. Subcommittee on National Security, Emergency Threats, and International Relations, Emerging Threats -- Overclassification and Pseudo-classification of Information, hearing, March 2, 2005. Subcommittee on Government Management, Finance, and Accountability, Protecting Pensions and Ensuring the Solvency of the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation, hearing, March 2, 2005. Subcommittee on Federalism and the Census, Strengthening Our Communities, hearing, March 1, 2005. Full Committee, Wounded Army Guard Reserve Forces, hearing, February 17, 2005. Full Committee, OMB Management, hearing, February 16, 2005. Subcommittee on Government Management, Finance, and Accountability, Improving Internal Controls -- A Review of Changes to OMB Circular A-123, hearing, February 16, 2005. Subcommittee on Criminal Justice, Drug Policy, and Human Resources, Fiscal Year 2006 Drug Budget, hearing, February 10, 2005. Subcommittee on Government Management, Finance, and Accountability, U.S. Government Financial Report, Fiscal Year 2004, hearing, February 9, 2005. Homeland Security Committee Subcommittee on Prevention of Nuclear and Biological Attack, Terrorist Activities -- Nuclear Bomb Building, hearing, May 26, 2005. Subcommittee on Intelligence, Information Sharing, and Terrorism Risk Assessment, Agro-Terrorism Threat, hearing, May 25, 2005. Subcommittee on Management, Integration, and Oversight, Border Patrol Agent Training, hearing, May 24, 2005. Subcommittee on Economic Security, Infrastructure Protection, and Cybersecurity, Recreational Boaters Streamlined Inspection Act, hearing, May 19, 2005. CRS-108 Subcommittee on Economic Security, Infrastructure Protection, and Cybersecurity, TSA's Screening of Airline Pilots, hearing, May 13, 2005. Full Committee, Department of Homeland Security Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2006, markup, April 27, 2005. Subcommittee on Intelligence, Information Sharing, and Terrorism Risk Assessment, Homeland Security Information Sharing and Enhancement Act of 2005, markup, April 26, 2005. Full Committee, Faster and Smarter Funding for First Responders Act, markup, April 21, 2005. Subcommittee on Economic Security, Infrastructure Protection, and Cybersecurity, Department of Homeland Security Cybersecurity Enhancement Act, hearing and markup, April 20, 2005. Subcommittee on Management, Integration, and Oversight, Homeland Security Department Management Challenges, hearing, April 20, 2005. Subcommittee on Prevention of Nuclear and Biological Attack, Homeland Security Department Nuclear Detection, hearing, April 20, 2005. Subcommittee on Emergency Preparedness, Science, and Technology, Faster and Smarter Funding for First Responders Act, markup, April 19, 2005. Subcommittee on Prevention of Nuclear and Biological Attack, Homeland Security Department Nuclear Detection, hearing, April 19, 2005. Full Committee, First Responder Funding, hearing, April 14, 2005. Subcommittee on Management, Integration, and Oversight, Department of Homeland Security -- Strengthen Information Security, hearing, April 14, 2005. Full Committee, Department of Homeland Security -- Promoting Risk-Based Prioritization and Management, hearing, April 13, 2005. Subcommittee on Emergency Preparedness, Science, and Technology, First Responders Funding, April 12, 2005. Full Committee, Port and Waterways Security, hearing, March 22, 2005. Subcommittee on Management, Integration, and Oversight, Customs and Border Protection Organizational Structure, hearing, March 9, 2005. Subcommittee on Economic Security, Infrastructure Protection, and Cybersecurity, Proposed FY2006 Budget -- Integrating Homeland Security Screening Operations, March 2, 2005. CRS-109 Subcommittee on Intelligence, Information Sharing, and Terrorism Risk Assessment, DHS -- Building Information Analysis Capability, hearing, February 16, 2005. Subcommittee on Emergency Preparedness, Science, and Technology, FY2006 Budget Proposal -- Enhancing Terrorism Preparedness for First Responders, hearing, February 10, 2005. Intelligence Committee Subcommittee on Terrorism, Human Intelligence Analysis, and Counter- Intelligence, Briefing -- CIA Humint Training Needs, hearing, May 25, 2005. Full Committee, Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2006, markup, May 24, 2005. Full Committee, Patriot Act, hearing, May 19, 2005. Full Committee, Patriot Act, hearing, May 11, 2005. Full Committee, General Defense Intelligence Program Budget, hearing, April 14, 2005. Full Committee, FBI Budget, hearing, April 13, 2005. Full Committee, CIA Budget, hearing, April 12, 2005. Full Committee, FY2006 Budget, hearing, March 17, 2005. Full Committee, FY2006 Budget, hearing, March 16, 2005. Full Committee, FY2006 Budget, hearing, March 15, 2005. Full Committee, FY2006 Budget, hearing, March 10, 2005. Full Committee, FY2006 Budget, hearing, March 9, 2005. Full Committee, FY2006 Budget, hearing, March 2, 2005. Full Committee, Security Clearance Process, hearing, February 10, 2005. Judiciary Committee Subcommittee on Crime, Terrorism, and Homeland Security, USA Patriot Act Implementation, hearing, May 26, 2005. CRS-110 Subcommittee on Immigration, Border Security, and Claims, Diversity Visa Program, hearing, May 25, 2005. Full Committee, Miscellaneous Measures (including H.R. 2293, providing a special immigrant status to alien translators for the U.S. armed forces), markup, May 18, 2005. Full Committee, Department of Homeland Security Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2006, markup, May 12, 2005. Subcommittee on Immigration, Border Security, and Claims, Illegal Immigration Enforcement and Social Security Protection Act, hearing, May 12, 2005. Subcommittee on Crime, Terrorism, and Homeland Security, USA Patriot Act Implementation, hearing, May 10, 2005. Subcommittee on Crime, Terrorism, and Homeland Security, USA Patriot Act Implementation, hearing, May 5, 2005. Subcommittee on Immigration, Border Security, and Claims, New "Dual Missions" of the Immigration Enforcement Agencies, hearing, May 5, 2005. Subcommittee on Immigration, Border Security, and Claims, New Jobs in Recession and Recovery: Who Are Getting Them and Who Are Not?, hearing, May 4, 2005. Subcommittee on Crime, Terrorism, and Homeland Security, USA Patriot Act Implementation, hearing, May 3, 2005. Subcommittee on Crime, Terrorism, and Homeland Security, USA Patriot Act Implementation, hearing, April 28, 2005. Subcommittee on Crime, Terrorism, and Homeland Security, USA Patriot Act Implementation, hearing, April 26, 2005. Subcommittee on Crime, Terrorism, and Homeland Security, USA Patriot Act Implementation, hearing, April 21, 2005. Subcommittee on Immigration, Border Security, and Claims, Visa Waiver Program, hearing, April 21, 2005. Subcommittee on Crime, Terrorism, and Homeland Security, USA Patriot Act Implementation, hearing, April 19, 2005. Subcommittee on Crime, Terrorism, and Homeland Security, USA Patriot Act Implementation, hearing, April 14, 2005. Subcommittee on Immigration, Border Security, and Claims, Immigration and Alien Gang Epidemic, hearing, April 13, 2005. CRS-111 Full Committee, Reauthorization of USA Patriot Act, hearing, April 6, 2005. Subcommittee on Crime, Terrorism, and Homeland Security, Department of Homeland Security and the Security of the Nation's Seaports and Cargo Entering Those Ports, hearing, March 15, 2005. Subcommittee on Immigration, Border Security, and Claims, Interior Immigration Enforcement Resources, hearing, and in addition requesting ICE reports on two private immigration bills, March 10, 2005. Subcommittee on Immigration, Border Security, and Claims, Immigration Enforcement Resources, hearing, March 3, 2005. Science Committee Full Committee, Federal R&D Budget Overview, hearing February 16, 2005. Transportation and Infrastructure Committee Full Committee, Miscellaneous Measures (including H.R. 889, Coast Guard and Maritime Transportation Act), markup, May 18, 2005. Subcommittee on Coast Guard and Maritime Transportation, Coast Guard Amendments, hearing, May 12, 2005. Subcommittee on Highways, Transit, and Pipelines, Hazardous Materials Endorsement Background Checks, hearing, May 11, 2005. Subcommittee on Aviation, Financial Condition of Aviation Trust Fund, hearing, May 4, 2005. Subcommittee on Railroads, New Technologies for Rail Safety and Security, hearing, April 28, 2005. Full Committee, Miscellaneous Measures (including H.R. 1496, returning general aviation to Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport), markup of H.R. 1496, April 27, 2005. Subcommittee on Coast Guard and Maritime Transportation, Deepwater Implementation, hearing, April 20, 2005. Subcommittee on Economic Development, Public Buildings, and Emergency Management, National Preparedness System, hearing, April 14, 2005. Subcommittee on Coast Guard and Maritime Transportation, Coast Guard and Maritime Transportation Act, markup, April 13, 2005. CRS-112 Subcommittee on Aviation, Lasers -- A Hazard to Aviation Safety and Security?, hearing, March 15, 2005. Subcommittee on Coast Guard and Maritime Transportation, FY2006 Coast Guard and Maritime Transportation Budget, hearing, March 3, 2005. Full Committee, Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users, markup of H.R. 3, March 2, 2005. Ways and Means Committee Full Committee, World Trade Organization Withdrawal, markup of H.J.Res. 27, May 24, 2005. Subcommittee on Trade, World Trade Organization's Future, hearing, May 17, 2005. Full Committee, Implementation of the Dominican Republic-Central America Free Trade Agreement, hearing, April 21, 2005. Full Committee, Highway-Related Taxes and Trust Funds Amendments, markup, March 3, 2005. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ For other versions of this document, see http://wikileaks.org/wiki/CRS-RL33061