For other versions of this document, see http://wikileaks.org/wiki/CRS-RL31486 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Order Code RL31486 Report for Congress Received through the CRS Web Resource Conservation Title of the 2002 Farm Bill: A Comparison of New Law with Bills Passed by the House and Senate, and Prior Law Updated June 25, 2002 Jeffrey A. Zinn Senior Analyst in Natural Resources Policy Resources, Science, and Industry Division Congressional Research Service ~ The Library of Congress Resource Conservation Title of the 2002 Farm Bill: A Comparison of New Law with Bills Passed by the House and Senate, and Prior Law Summary President Bush signed the new farm bill, titled the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002, on May 13, 2002 (P.L. 107-171). Most of the agricultural conservation programs are in Title II. This report compares the Title II provisions of P.L. 107-171 with the conservation titles in the bills that passed both Chambers, and with prior law (primarily the 1996 Federal Agricultural Improvement and Reform Act), in two tables. The first table presents the major provisions. The second table compares funding levels for each program, by year. The tables only include the programs and provisions that were enacted in Title II; conservation provisions in other farm bill titles, or those that were in the conservation title of one of the bills but either were dropped in conference or moved elsewhere in the bill are listed in the Introduction. The conservation title reauthorizes many major conservation programs and authorizes new programs, mostly through FY2007. For existing programs, the provisions make many policy adjustments, and increase funding or raise enrollment ceilings. The new programs enacted in the Title provide additional conservation assistance for purposes or in locations that policy makers believe were not being adequately served. The largest of the new programs is the Conservation Security Program. The new law greatly increases total conservation budget authority above current levels, and funds more of the conservation effort as mandatory spending through the Commodity Credit Corporation. Funding for most programs will increase from year- to-year, and will increase several-fold for some programs, such as the Environmental Quality Incentives Program and the Farmland Protection Program. The Congressional Budget Office issued a baseline (for mandatory spending only) in April 2001 that was used by policy makers to calculate future spending patterns in this legislation. It determined that the baseline (that is, reauthorization of all programs with no changes in policy, and no new programs) for conservation programs was $11.6 billion over the next 6 years. The new law will increase mandatory spending for conservation programs by $9.2 billion over the next 6 years to a total of $20.8 billion, according to the CBO. Farm bill conferees had to resolve many differences between the conservation titles of the two bills. The House bill primarily reauthorized existing programs, usually at smaller funding increases than the Senate bill, and included fewer new programs and less change to current conservation policy. By contrast, the Senate bill made more numerous and significant changes to existing programs and to conservation policies that generally expanded the conservation effort. It also created many more new programs, such as the Conservation Security Program. Among the most hotly debated issues over the farm bill was how much of the new funding should go to conservation programs (rather than commodity programs, for example), and how that funding should be divided among the programs. Contents Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Table 1. Comparison of Current Resource Conservation Law with Provisions in Title II of Farm Bills Passed by House and Senate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 A. Environmental Conservation Acreage Reserve Program (ECARP) . . . . . 6 B. Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 C. Wetlands Reserve Program (WRP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 D. Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 E. Wildlife Habitat Incentives Program (WHIP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 F. Farmland Protection Program (FPP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 G. Other Programs (Including Technical Assistance) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 H. New Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Table 2. Comparison of Resource Conservation Title Funding in 2002 Farm Bill with Proposed Funding in Farm Bills Passed by House and Senate, and Prior Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Resource Conservation Title of the 2002 Farm Bill: Comparison of New Law with Bills Passed by the House and Senate, and Prior Law Introduction Resource conservation programs were first enacted in the 1930s to reduce the effects of soil erosion on crop production. They then were expanded in the 1940s and 1950s to help landowners manage water resources and control floods. The approach to conservation that developed with these earliest programs, based on voluntary participation, changed little until 1985. Participants were attracted by the availability of a combination of financial, technical and educational assistance, and results from related research. Starting with the 1985 farm bill, Congress rapidly expanded conservation programs beyond erosion control and water management, and beyond the goal of improving crop production. Programs enacted in the 1985, 1990, and 1996 farm bills protect and restore wetlands and wildlife habitat, and recognize the need to improve air and water quality, for example. The 1985 provisions also increased producer interest by requiring that crop producers who wish to receive federal farm program subsidies meet certain erosion control and wetland protection requirements. Since the 1996 law was enacted, new issues have emerged, including: the role that agriculture might play in producing energy from biomass and in sequestering carbon; protection and restoration of grasslands; reduction of non point water pollution caused by large confined animal feeding operations; and additional attention to other "off-farm" impacts. The new farm bill addresses some of these issues as it expands the breadth and the magnitude of the resource conservation effort, and as new conservation tools are added, such as multi-year agreements to maintain conservation on lands in production through the Conservation Security Program. The expanded conservation effort is reflected in increasing funding. In 1985, all conservation activities at USDA received a total of just over $1 billion (and all funding was discretionary, and dependent on the annual appropriations process). The 1996 farm bill moved five conservation programs to mandatory funding through USDA's Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC). (Mandatory funding is provided through the borrowing authority of the CCC, while discretionary funding requires an annual appropriation.) Conservation programs now receive more than $3 billion annually (about $1.25 billion in discretionary spending and slightly over $2 billion in mandatory spending). Most of the spending growth since 1985 has been for land retirement and easements (e.g., the Conservation Reserve and Wetlands Reserve Programs), while the other activities have grown very slowly, if at all, in real terms. CRS-2 The new farm bill will increase mandatory spending by a total of $9.2 billion over 6 years, to a total of $20.8 billion, according to the Congressional Budget Office (CBO). This averages out to an additional $1.5 billion each year, but the increases will gradually grow, and the amounts spent will be largest for most programs in the last year. Under the 1996 farm bill, numerous programs were scheduled to expire at the end of FY2002. During several days of hearings in 2001, both agriculture committees gathered ideas for a new farm bill as they considered how to extend existing programs beyond FY2002. Farm groups generally suggested increasing funding for existing programs and increasing compatibility between conservation activities and farm operations. Other interest groups, while supporting some of the farmer proposals, recommended more substantial changes, including new programs and major shifts in policy that would increase environmental benefits. Demand to participate in most programs has greatly exceeded available financial and technical resources in recent years, creating a major challenge that conservation supporters said justified higher authorization levels. The remainder of this report is two tables. Table 1 lists resource conservation provisions enacted in Title II of the 2002 farm bill in the first column, and includes the section number of the legislation. The second and third columns summarize the comparable provisions in the farm bills that passed each Chamber. The final column presents prior law or policy, and includes the section in law where it was placed. Table entries note where 2002 farm bill provisions move a program to a different section of law. Funding information in this table is scattered throughout; Table 2 pulls all the funding information together in one place. Table 1 does not include any of the provisions that were dropped in conference, or moved to another title in the finally-enacted farm bill. (For more information on the provisions that were dropped, see CRS Report, RL31255, titled Resource Conservation Title: Comparison of Current Law with Farm Bills Passed by the House and Senate, and issued February 28, 2002.) Some of the provisions passed by the Senate may have disappeared as free-standing programs, only to reappear as activities within other programs. Dropped provisions from the House-passed bill include: ! a new Farmland Stewardship Program "to more precisely tailor and target" conservation programs, on a watershed basis where possible; and ! repeal of numerous programs (none of which are currently being implemented), including the Environmental Easement Program, the Conservation Farm Option, and the National Natural Resources Conservation Foundation. Dropped provisions from the Senate-passed bill include: ! a new Wetland Reserve Enhancement Program as a component of the Wetland Reserve Program, modeled on the Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program; ! new programs, each spending small portions of funding for the Environmental Quality Incentives Program for a Groundwater Conservation Program in the Southern High Plains, a pilot program for drinking water suppliers, and a nutrient management program for the Chesapeake Bay watershed; CRS-3 ! a new Watershed Risk Reduction Program to purchase floodplain easements; ! a new Water Conservation Program to permit eligible states to purchase or lease water rights as part of a Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program, and to provide cost-sharing assistance in the same eligible states to increase irrigation efficiency, convert production to less water-intensive crops, and acquire water rights; ! new organic agriculture provisions that would establish a new research trust fund and a National Organic Research Endowment Institute to develop and implement a plan for research on organic products using the trust fund; and ! new provisions on mediation services when an adverse decision on a conservation program is made. Both tables identify only provisions that are in Title II of the 2002 farm bill. Some provisions in other titles, including commodities, forestry, energy, rural development, and miscellaneous that may be considered to be conservation topics, are not included in this comparison. They include: ! requiring producers who receive direct or counter-cyclical payments to be meet conservation and wetland compliance requirements (§1105(a) in the Commodity Title); ! requiring producers who receive nonrecourse marketing loans to meet conservation and wetland compliance provisions (§1201, in the commodity Title); ! prohibiting making conservation and commodity payments to individuals or entitles with annual adjusted gross incomes greater than $2.5 million in FY2003 through FY2007 (§1604, in the Commodity Title); ! providing relief in commodity and conservation programs for producers who act in good faith (§1613, in the Commodity Title; the conservation portion had been in the conservation title of the Senate-passed version) ! replacing the Forestry Incentive Program, administered by NRCS, which provided cost-sharing assistance on small private nonindustrial forest lands, with a new Forest Land Enhancement Program, to be administered by the U.S. Forest Service (§8001 and §8002, in the Forestry Title); ! establishing a Cranberry Acreage Conservation Reserve to protect wetlands associated with cranberry production (§10608 of the Miscellaneous Title; it had been in the conservation title of the Senate-passed farm bill); ! granting authority to the Secretary to provide financial and technical assistance to the Chino Dairy Preserve Project (§10803 of the Miscellaneous Title); and ! requiring a review of natural resource (and other) programs operating on tribal and trust lands, with a report to Congress within 1 year of enactment (§10910 of the Miscellaneous Title). This report does not analyze or comment on the probable effects of the enacted conservation program changes on resource conditions or program management and delivery. Many of these changes are likely have significant effects because of: their scope or scale, and the places and natural resources that they could affect. Additionally, the effects will be determined, in part, by the approaches that implementing agencies choose to follow in undertaking changed or new responsibilities. Some of these provisions went through a lengthy gestation period, such as the Conservation Security and Grasslands Reserve Programs, developed by Senator Harkin's staff and the Nature Conservancy, respectively. (Development of CRS-4 the Conservation Security Program included test implementation by the Department of Agriculture staff and by others.) Less analysis and information is available about many of the other provisions. These provisions include: small or limited programs, such as the Grassroots Source Water Protection Program; programs of limited geographic scope, such as the Conservation Corridor Demonstration Program (available only on the Delmarva Peninsula); and proposals that appeared as the farm bill process was drawing to a close to address an issue that emerged recently, such as the Klamath Basin provisions which were introduced as a free-standing proposal with many elements and incorporated into the Senate bill, and then were greatly altered, becoming limited to an earmarking of funds from the new Ground and Surface Water Conservation Program component of the Environmental Quality Incentives Program by the conference committee. Table 2 lists annual funding/enrollment levels authorized under the new current law through FY2007 in the first column, and compares these with proposed funding/enrollment levels in both bills, and under earlier law. The House bill would have authorized programs through FY2011, while the Senate bill would have authorized them through FY2006, unless noted. Most programs are first funded in the current fiscal year, FY2002, although a few will not be eligible for funding until FY2003, and one program is funded through FY2008. The conservation title also contains numerous proposed changes in policy that do not involve funding/enrollment levels; these changes, which in some instances include how the funds are to be allocated, are not identified in table 2. The entry for each program notes whether the proposal would require mandatory or discretionary funding. A large majority of conservation funding (although not necessarily a majority of all active conservation programs) already is mandatory, and the portion of all funding using CCC resources will increase. Entries also indicate new smaller programs that would be funded using a portion of funds authorized for a larger program, and identify the relationship between the recipient and the source program. Funding levels for many of the programs would increase gradually from year to year, rather than jump to the highest authorized level in a single year and then remain at that level through FY2007. Higher funding levels in out-years will allow the administering agencies to "ramp up" their efforts. Given the large magnitude of increases from current levels and the large number of programs where increases will simultaneously occur, "ramping up" is widely viewed as having the potential to result in more efficient and effective implementation. Table 2 also provides the official estimates in budget authority prepared by the Congressional Budget Office (CBO). These CBO estimates are only for the mandatory programs. They show projected increases above the baseline which was prepared in April, 2001, by year. This baseline is used because although a revised baseline was issued in March 2002 and projected higher costs as the farm bill legislative debate was concluding, the congressional debate was based largely on the 2001 baseline. CRS-5 To summarize these CBO 2001 baseline estimates, total conservation funding for mandatory programs will amount to $20.8 billion over the next 6 years, an increase of $9.2 billion. This increase over baseline is somewhat closer to the estimate of the additional cost of the House-passed bill of $6.788 billion through FY2006 and $15.787 billion through FY2011, then for the Senate-passed bill, which would have raised spending by $11.776 billion through FY2006. The conservation program increases are a significant portion of the $73.5 billion increase in budget authority allowed by the FY2001 budget agreement for all spending in programs under the jurisdiction of the agriculture committees. While using the more recent March, 2002 baseline would have had a major effect on estimates of overall agriculture spending, increasing the total from $73.5 billion to $82.8 billion, total conservation spending was forecast to be only $500 million higher, or $21.3 billion. For several programs, participation is limited by acres permitted to be enrolled, rather than a cap on funding levels. For these programs, CBO must estimate both the average cost per acre and the rate at which land would be enrolled. CBO has developed the following factors for making cost estimates for these acreage-based programs: ! For the CRP, $50 per acre annually for regular enrollment, and $100 per acre for the continuous enrollment option and the Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program (CREP); ! For the proposed Grasslands Reserve Program, $15 to $20 per acre annually; and ! For the WRP, $1000 per acre. CRS-6 Table 1. Comparison of Current Resource Conservation Law with Provisions in Title II of Farm Bills Passed by House and Senate 2002 Farm Bill Farm Bill Passed by House Farm Bill Passed by Senate Prior Law A. Environmental Conservation Acreage Reserve Program (ECARP) 1. Purpose and Programs. Renames No provisions. Renames ECARP the Authorizes ECARP through long ECARP the Comprehensive Comprehensive Conservation term contacts and acquisition of Conservation Enhancement Program Enhancement Program (CCEP), and easements, to be implemented (CCEP). [§2006(a) ] places new name throughout §1230. through the Conservation Reserve Places new name throughout §1230; [§207(a)] Program, Wetlands Reserve repeals §1230A. [§2006(b)] [Note: New Amends §1230(a) to reflect changed Program, and Environmental good faith provisions for both placement of conservation programs Quality Incentive Program. commodity and conservation programs in 1985 FSA. CCEP includes: [§1230(a) of the 1985 FSA as are placed in §1613 of the commodity Conservation Reserve Program; amended by §331 of the 1996 FAIR] title.] Wetlands Reserve Program; Good Faith protection provisions Environmental Quality Incentives added as §1230A of the 1985 FSA Program; Wildlife Habitat in §755 of the FY2001 Agriculture Incentives Program; a new Appropriations. [§1230A] Grasslands Reserve Program; and an amended Conservation of Private Grazing Lands Program.[§211(a)] Repeals §1230A. [§207(c)] [Note: §1230A is replaced with new good faith provisions in §1244(a) of the 1985 FSA, discussed below in subsection H and found in §204 of this bill.] 2. Priority Areas. Repeals §1230(c), Repeals §1230(c). [§201(2)] Adds a new subsection giving Permits the Sec. to designate which allows the Sec. to designate priority to areas where projects watershed, multistate areas, or areas national priority areas for enhanced could be completed most rapidly. of special environmental sensitivity conservation assistance. [§2006(b)] [§211(b)] for enhanced conservation [Note: National priority areas are assistance through the CRP, WRP, affirmed, but only for the CRP, in and EQIP. [§ 1230(c) of the 1985 §1231(f).] FSA as amended by §331 of the CRS-7 2002 Farm Bill Farm Bill Passed by House Farm Bill Passed by Senate Prior Law 1996 FAIR] B. Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) 1. Period of Authorization and Reauthorizes CRP through FY2011. Reauthorizes CRP through FY2006. Authorizes program through Purposes. Reauthorizes CRP through [§211(a)] [§212(a)] FY2002, and states the purposes are FY2007, and adds wildlife resources to Adds wildlife resources to the to conserve and improve soil and the purposes of the program. [§2101(a)] purposes of the program. [§211(b)] water resources. [§1231 (a) of the 1985 FSA as amended by §322(a)(1) of the 1996 FAIR] 2. Eligibility. Repeals the limit on Repeals the limit on enrolling Makes eligible land that has a Makes certain highly erodible land, enrolling marginal pastureland to less marginal pastureland to less than cropping history for 3 of the 6 years marginal pastureland, and other than 10% of the total enrolled acres, 10% of the total enrolled acres, preceding enactment (and land cropland eligible. [Section 1231(b) expands the definition of other eligible expands the definition of other enrolled in the CRP on that date), of the 1985 FSA] cropland to include threats to soil and air eligible cropland to include threats and adds a new subsection that quality, and makes eligible land that has to soil and air quality, and makes makes land enrolled under the a cropping history or was considered to eligible land in production for at continuous signup and the buffer be planted at least 4 of the 6 years least 4 years that would contribute initiative eligible for the regular preceding enactment, and that would to conservation of ground and program. [§212(b)] conserve ground or surface water. surface water. [§212(a)] Adds a new §231(j) that requires an Adds a new §231(i) that requires equitable balance between soil erosion, balance between soil erosion, water water quality, and wildlife habitat when quality, and wildlife habitat when reviewing bids. [§2101(a)] reviewing bids, with implementing regulations to be issued within 180 days of enactment. [§212(d)] 3. Enrollment Ceiling. Raises ceiling Raises ceiling to 39.2 million acres. Raises ceiling to 41.1 million acres. Authorizes enrollment ceiling at to 39.2 million acres. [§2101(a)] [§212(b)] [§212(c)] [Note: §215(a), water 36.4 million acres. [§1231(d) of the conservation, lowers the CRP 1985 FSA as amended by §332(b) of enrollment ceiling from 41.1 million the 1996 FAIR.] acres to 40.0 million acres, then adds 500,000 acres for a new pilot program, bringing the total to 40.5 million acres.] CRS-8 2002 Farm Bill Farm Bill Passed by House Farm Bill Passed by Senate Prior Law 4. Duration of Contract. Allows No provisions. Allows the Sec. to extend contracts Allows CRP contracts for some land producers to extend contracts for on hardwood forests for up to 15 devoted to hardwood trees, shelter hardwood trees, shelter belts, wind years, and limits annual payments to belts, wind breaks, or wildlife breaks, or wildlife corridors for up to a 50% of the original contract amount. corridors to be longer than the 10 to total of 15 years, allows the Sec. to New contracts can be from 10 to 30 15 years allowed for other contracts. extend contracts for hardwood trees of years in length. [§212(d)] [§1231(e)(2) of the 1985 FSA] any length for up to 5 additional years, and allows producers to extend contracts expiring in 2002 for 1 additional year. [§2101] 5. Conservation Priority Areas. Allows land enrolled under this Gives priority to areas where Requires the Sec. to establish, at the Retains prior law in §1231(f). subchapter to be eligible to reenroll designation would lead to the most request of a state, priority in the CRP. [§212(c)] rapid completion of projects. watersheds in specified and other [§212(b)] areas where enrollment would "maximize water quality and habitat benefits." Areas must be redesignated at least once every 5 years. [§1231(f) of the 1985 FSA] 6. Enrollment Subcategories. Expands the pilot program to all Deletes "pilot", reauthorizes the Authorizes a 500,000 acre pilot Expands the pilot wetland program to all states and limits enrollment in any program through FY2006, and program, with enrollment limited to states, with some exceptions (wetlands state to 150,000 acres. [§215] increases the maximum size of 150,000 acres in any state for small adjacent to larger perennial streams are eligible sites from 5 acres to 10 wetlands(less than 5 acres) and ineligible), and limits enrollment to 1 acres (but only up to 5 acres are associated buffers in 6 specified million acres of wetlands and associated eligible for payments). [§212(e)] upper Midwestern states. [A new buffers in total and to 100,000 acres in §1231(h), enacted in Title XI of the any state. Eligible areas must have been FY2001 Agriculture Appropriations cropped 3 of the preceding 10 years. (P.L. 106-387] Enrolled wetland areas must be smaller than 10 acres, with up to 5 acres eligible for payments. These acres are not to count against the 39.2 million acres ceiling. [§2101] CRS-9 2002 Farm Bill Farm Bill Passed by House Farm Bill Passed by Senate Prior Law 7. Duties of Owners and Operators. Allows certain economic uses of Adds a subsection allowing irrigated Lists requirements for participation Adds provision forgiving producers who enrolled lands if consistent with soil, land to be enrolled through the and penalties for violators. Sets violate their contracts by not installing water, and wildlife conservation. buffer initiative or a CREP at the limits on commercial agricultural approved conservation practices because These uses include managed grazing irrigated land rate. [Section 212(f)] uses of lands in the CRP, but allows of acts of nature. Expands and haying (with reduced Allows participants to plant native the Sec. to permit harvesting or circumstances to permit managed payments), siting of wind turbines, prairie grasses on enrolled marginal grazing under very limited harvesting and grazing when there is no and harvesting biomass to produce pastureland, to permit harvesting or circumstances, and to undertake up emergency. Replaces provisions that energy (with reduced payments). grazing for maintenance purposes to 6 biomass production projects. permit up to 6 biomass projects with Deletes subsections (c) and (d). on lands enrolled through the buffer [§1232(a) of the 1985 FSA as language permitting the installation of [§213] initiative or a CREP, and adds a new amended by the 1990 FACTA] wind turbines on CRP lands, subject to subsection that makes crop Sets a goal of planting 1/8 of the certain considerations. Deletes production on other highly erodible land enrolled each year to trees or subsections (c) and (d), and adds a new land a violation of a CRP contract habitat. [§1232(c) of the 1985 FSA] subsection (c) that permits the Sec. to unless it has a cropping history or Allows alley-cropping. [§1232(d) of limit repayments from producers subject was a building site when it was the 1985 FSA] to foreclosure, and to reinstate the terms purchased. [§212(g)] of the contract when the producer Adds a new subsection that permits resumes control of the land. wind turbines on CRP land (except [§2101] land enrolled in the continuous enrollment), with payments reduced based on the diminished value for CRP. [§212(h)] 8. Funding and Administration. Reauthorizes mandatory funding Reauthorizes funding from the CCC Provides mandatory funding through Reauthorizes mandatory funding from through FY2011. [§241] through FY2006, and includes the CCC. [§1241(a) of the 1985 FSA the CCC, including funding for technical funding for technical assistance in as amended by §341 of the 1996 assistance, through FY2007. [§2701] support of this program. [§211(c)] FACT] CRS-10 2002 Farm Bill Farm Bill Passed by House Farm Bill Passed by Senate Prior Law 9. Study of Economic Effects. No provisions. Requires the Sec. to report to both No provisions. Requires the Sec. to report to both Agriculture Committees on the Agriculture Committees on the economic and social effects of the economic and social effects of the CRP CRP on rural communities within on rural communities within 18 months 270 days of enactment. Specifies 3 of enactment. Specifies 4 components components of the analysis. of the analysis. [§2101(b)] [§212(l)] C. Wetlands Reserve Program (WRP) 1. Enrollment. Authorizes WRP Allows enrollment of up to 150,000 Authorizes WRP enrollment through The 1990 FACTA adds a new enrollment through calendar year 2007. acres per calendar year starting in calendar year 2006. [§214(c)] Sets a §1237 to the 1985 FSA establishing [§2201] 2002, with any acres up to the maximum enrollment ceiling of the WRP and capping enrollment at Sets a maximum enrollment ceiling of annual limit that are not enrolled can 2,225,000 acres, and an annual 975,000 acres. [Section 1237 of the 2,275,000 acres, and an annual be enrolled in succeeding years, enrollment goal of 250,000 acres, of 1985 FSA, as amended] Enrollment enrollment goal of 250,000 acres. through FY2011. [§221(a)] which up to 25,000 acres can be allowed through calendar year 2002. [§2202] Authorizes enrollment through enrolled in the new Wetland [§333(b)(1) of the 1996FAIR] FY2011. [§221(c)} Reserve Enhancement Program. Enrollment ceiling increased from [§214(b)] 975,000 acres to 1,075,000 acres. [§808 of the FY2001 Agriculture Appropriations (P.L. 106-387)] 2. Enrollment Options. Allows land Deletes the 1/3 requirement, and the Creates a new Wetland Reserve Requires 1/3 enrollment each using to be enrolled using permanent and 30 distinction between permanent and Enhancement Program that allows permanent easements, 30 year year easements, and restoration cost temporary easements. [§221(b] agreements with state and local easements, and long-term sharing agreements in any combination. government, and non-governmental agreements. [§1237(b) of the 1985 [§2202] organizations to restore wetlands on FSA as amended by §333(a) of the land in or eligible to be enrolled in 1996 FAIR] the WRP. [§214(d)] 3. Easements and Agreements. Replaces the 4 specific prohibitions No provisions. Describes the general terms of Deletes subsection (h). [§2203] with a general statement to allow easements and agreements. Prohibits only changes permitted in the plan. altering habitat, spraying chemicals Deletes subsection (e), which and mowing, any activity that distinguishes 3 lengths of degrades the land, and any other easements, and subsection (h). activity that counters the purpose of CRS-11 2002 Farm Bill Farm Bill Passed by House Farm Bill Passed by Senate Prior Law [§222] the easement, unless permitted in the plan. Subsection (h) allows the Sec. to require landowners using cost sharing agreements to restore wetlands if the agreement does not provide an easement. [§1237A of the 1985 FSA as amended by §333(d)(1) of the 1996 FAIR] 4. Changes in Ownership. Replaces Replaces 1990 acquisition date in No provisions. Limits program entry if ownership 1990 acquisition date in §1237E(a)(2) §1237E(a)(2) with provision to changes occurred during the with provision to make eligible at any make eligible at any time land previous year, and specifies terms time land acquired through foreclosure acquired through foreclosure where under which easements can be where the previous owner exercised a the previous owner exercised a right modified or terminated. [§1237E of right of redemption. [§2204] of redemption. [§224] the 1985 FSA] 5. Funding. Reauthorizes mandatory Reauthorizes mandatory funding Reauthorizes mandatory funding Mandatory funding from the CCC is funding from the CCC, including from the CCC through FY2011. from the CCC through FY2006, and authorized to implement the WRP. funding for technical assistance, through [§241] includes funding for technical [§1241(a) of the 1985 FSA] FY2007. [§2701] assistance in support of this program. [§211(c)] D. Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP) 1. Program Purposes. Specifies that Deletes reference to the programs Specifies that EQIP is to promote Identifies 4 programs that EQIP EQIP is to promote production and that were replaced; replaces the production and environmental replaces. Specifies that EQIP environmental quality, and to optimize purpose of responding to quality while maximizing maximize environmental benefits environmental benefits by helping environmental threats with the environmental benefits per dollar per dollar spent while meeting 4 producers meet regulatory requirements purpose of providing environmental spent by assisting producers to meet purposes. [§334 of the 1996 FAIR for soil water, and air quality, wildlife benefits; and expands the benefits to 6 specified purposes. [§213(a)] adds §1240 to the 1985 FSA] habitat, and surface and groundwater include air quality. [§231] conservation and 4 other specified purposes. [§2301]. 2. Definitions. Adds definitions of Adds non-industrial private forest Adds definitions of "beginning Defines "eligible land", "land "beginning farmer" and "practice"; land to "eligible land", and replaces farmer or rancher", "comprehensive management practice", "livestock", deletes definition of "producer"; the notion of posing an nutrient management", "innovative "producer", and "structural CRS-12 2002 Farm Bill Farm Bill Passed by House Farm Bill Passed by Senate Prior Law modifies definition of "eligible land" to environmental threat with the notion technology", "managed grazing", practice". [§1240A of the 1985 FSA] include private nonindustrial forest land. of providing environmental benefits "maximum environmental benefits [§2301] in that definition; and "producer" is per dollar expended", "practice", expanded to include non-industrial and "program". [§213(a)] private forestry. [§232] 3. Program Establishment and Reauthorizes EQIP through Reauthorizes EQIP through Authorizes EQIP through 2002; Administration. Reauthorizes EQIP FY2011; authorizes contracts of 1 to FY2006; adds comprehensive eligible practices include structural through FY2007; adds incentive 10 years; repeals requirement that nutrient management planning to the and land management practices; payments for comprehensive nutrient structural practices be selected to list of eligible practices; allows the authorizes contracts of 5 to 10 years; management plans; authorizes contracts maximize environmental benefits Sec. to provide conservation provides cost-share of not more than of 1 to 10 years; prohibits bidding down; per dollar spent; deletes limitation education to producers; authorizes 75% for structural practices; limits cost sharing payments to 75% (up on payments to large livestock contracts of 3 to 10 years; limits prohibits cost sharing to large to 90% for limited resource and operations to construct animal waste producers to 1 contract for structural livestock operations to construct beginning farmers, or to address a management facilities; and adds a practices to manage livestock animal waste management facilities; natural disaster); prohibits duplicate cost new provision to make incentive nutrients through FY2006; limits provides incentive payments for sharing payments for the same practice; payments at an amount and rate to large confined livestock operators to land management practices; eliminates (by not including) the encourage multiple land 1 contract over authorization period provides funding (not to exceed limitation on cost-sharing with large management practices, with for a waste storage or treatment projected costs) for technical confined livestock operations for waste emphasis on payments for practices facility; authorizes application and assistance; and lists types of private management facilities; specifies that address "residue, nutrient, pest, evaluation procedures for selecting sources to provide technical circumstances for modifying and invasive species, and air quality applicants; prohibits bidding down; assistance. [§1240B of the 1985 terminating contracts. [§2301] management." [§233] limits cost sharing payments to 75% FSA] (up to 90% for limited resource and beginning farmers, or to address a natural disaster); prohibits duplicate cost sharing payments for the same practice; eliminates (by not including) the limitation on cost- sharing with large confined livestock operations for waste management facilities; permits incentive payments for technical assistance to certified individuals to develop comprehensive nutrient CRS-13 2002 Farm Bill Farm Bill Passed by House Farm Bill Passed by Senate Prior Law management plans; and specifies circumstances for terminating contracts. [§213(a)] 4. Evaluation of Offers. Requires the Replaces these provisions with Adds higher priority also to be given Requires Sec. to give higher Sec. to give higher priority to cost- general language about aiding for special projects initiated by a priority to assistance in priority effective conservation practices, and farmers to comply with new partnership program to address areas, maximize environmental practices that address national environmental laws and encourage environmental issues placed in benefits per dollar spent, or are in conservation priorities. [§2301] conservation, maximizing the §1243(f), and to innovative watersheds, regions, or conservation benefits of using manure and other technologies for structural or land priority areas where states or soil amendments, and encouraging management practices. [§213(a)] localities are active partners. sustainable grazing systems. [§234] [§1240C of the 1985 FSA] 5. Duties of Producers. Adds No provisions. Almost identical to current law, Lists 5 duties; one is a prohibition comprehensive nutrient management except gives the Sec. greater latitude against practices that counter the plan to the list of plans to be in determining the appropriate purposes of EQIP. [§1240D of the implemented to be eligible for EQIP penalty for violations. [§213(a)] 1985 FSA] assistance. [§2301] 6. Program Plan. Requires producers Replaces mention of management Almost identical to current law. Lists the general contents of plans seeking support for a confined livestock and structural practices with [§213(a)] producers are required to submit to feeding operation to submit a providing greater environmental the Sec. to participate. [§1240E of comprehensive nutrient management benefits. [§235] the 1985 FSA] plan, if applicable. [§2301] 7. Secretarial Duties. Deletes current Deletes incentive payments from Almost identical to current law, Assigns 5 duties to the Sec, requirements to provide an eligibility implementing structural and land except that it deletes (by not including: preparing an eligibility assessment; to provide technical management practices. [§236] including) the duty of providing an assessment; providing technical assistance; and to encourage obtaining eligibility assessment. [§213(a)] assistance in developing and technical assistance and money from implementing a plan; providing other sources. [§2301] technical and financial assistance for developing and implementing practices; providing information and training to implement the program; and encouraging participants to obtain assistance from other sources. [§1240F of the 1985 FSA] CRS-14 2002 Farm Bill Farm Bill Passed by House Farm Bill Passed by Senate Prior Law 8. Payment Limits and Timing. Limits Limits payments to $50,000 Limits total payments under all Limits payments to $10,000 payments to a total of $450,000 for all annually and $200,000 per contract; contracts to $30,000 annually, annually and $50,000 per contract; contracts with an individual or entity repeals language allowing annual $90,000 for 3 year contracts, specifies the annual limit can be between FY2002 and FY2007; repeals limits to be exceeded to provide $120,000 for 4 year contracts, and exceeded to maximize the language allowing annual limits to be maximum environmental benefit per $150,000 for a contract of 4 years or environmental benefits per dollar exceeded to provide maximum dollar spent, and provisions to delay more. The Sec. can waive the spent; and delays federal environmental benefit per dollar spent, federal expenditures until the year annual limit to increase expenditures until the year after the and provisions to delay federal after the contract has been signed. environmental benefits. Deletes contract has been signed. [§1240G expenditures until the year after the [§237] provisions to delay federal of the 1985 FSA] contract has been signed. [§2301] expenditures until the year after the contract has been signed. [§213(a)] 9. Other Provisions. Replaces current Replaces current language in Replaces current language in Lays out temporary transition language in §1240H with provision that §1240H with provisions that provide §1240H with provisions that provide provisions as EQIP replaces 4 uses an unspecified portion of EQIP $30 million, in FY2002, $45 million $100 million annually from EQIP repealed programs. [§1240H of the funds for competitive innovative in FY2003, and $60 million funds, starting in FY2003, for 1985 FSA] matching grants of up to 50% and annually in FY2004-11 from the competitive innovative matching specifies examples to include market CCC for cost share payments and grants and specifies examples to systems for pollution reduction, low interest loans to encourage include market systems for pollution promoting carbon sequestration in soil, ground and surface water reduction, promoting carbon and leveraging these funds with conservation. [§238] sequestration in soil and other Best matching funds from other sources to Management Practices, and promote "environmental enhancement protecting drinking water quality; and protection in conjunction with permits funds from other sources; agricultural production." Adds new limits funding to 50% of cost; funds program as §1240I for ground and unobligated by April 1 each year surface water conservation to improve can be spent on other EQIP irrigation and water use efficiency and purposes. Adds new program as reduce water use by agriculture; §1240I for groundwater assistance is available only if the Sec. conservation in the southern high determines it will result in a net savings plains to improve irrigation of water. [§2301] efficiency and reduce water use using EQIP funds. ($15 million in FY2003, $25 million in FY2004-5, $35 million in FY2006, and $0 in CRS-15 2002 Farm Bill Farm Bill Passed by House Farm Bill Passed by Senate Prior Law FY2007) Adds new pilot programs for drinking water suppliers, and provides incentives to reduce nutrient loads in the Chesapeake Bay watershed using EQIP funds as §1240J. ($10 million in FY2003, $15 million in FY2004, $20 million in FY2005, $25 million in FY2006, and $0 in FY2007) [§213(a)] 10. Funding . Allocates 60% of Reauthorizes funding from the CCC Provides: $0.5 billion in FY2002; Provides $200 million annually funding each year to practices related to through FY2011. [§241] $1.3 billion in FY2003; $1.45 through FY2002 from the CCC for livestock production. [§2301] Provides: $0.2 billion in FY2001; billion in FY2004-5; $1.5 billion in EQIP, with 50% of the total going to Reauthorizes mandatory funding from $1.025 billion in FY2002-3; $1.2 FY2006; and $0.85 billion in practices related to livestock the CCC, including funding for technical billion in FY2004-6; $1.4 billion in FY2007. Provides funding for production. [§1241 of the 1985 FSA assistance, at: $400 million in FY2002; FY2007-9; and $1.5 billion in technical assistance from the CCC. as amended by several annual $700 million in FY2003; $1,000 million FY2010-11. [§242] [§241(b)] agricultural appropriations laws] in FY2004; $1,200 million in FY2005 Reauthorizes the livestock provision Reauthorizes funding from the CCC and FY2006; and $1,300 million in through FY2011. [§243] through FY2006, and includes FY2007. [§2701] funding for technical assistance in Authorizes funding for the Ground and support of this program. [§211(c)] Surface Water Conservation Program at $25 million in FY2002, $45 million in FY2003, and $60 million annually in FY2004-FY2007, with $50 million to be allocated in the Klamath River basin as soon as possible to carry out water conservation measures. [§2301] E. Wildlife Habitat Incentives Program (WHIP) 1. Program Administration. Moves No provisions. Moves WHIP to §1240M of the No provisions. WHIP to §1240N of the 1985 FSA 1985 FSA. [§217(g)], [§2502] 2. Period of Authorization. Reauthorizes funding from the CCC Reauthorizes funding from the CCC Provides a total of $50 million from Reauthorizes mandatory funding from at: $25 million in FY2002; $30 at: $50 million in FY2002; $225 the CCC (from CRP funding) by the CRS-16 2002 Farm Bill Farm Bill Passed by House Farm Bill Passed by Senate Prior Law the CCC, including funding for technical million in FY2003-4; $35 million in million in FY2003; $275 million in end of FY2002. [§387(c) of the 1996 assistance, at: $15 million in FY2002; FY2005-6; $40 million in FY2007; FY2004; $325 million in FY2005; FAIR] $30 million in FY2003; $60 million in $45 million in FY2008-9; and $50 $355 million in FY2006; and $50 FY2004; and $85 million annually in million in FY2010-11. [§ 252] million in FY2007. All funding is FY2005 through FY2007. [§2701)] to remain available until spent. Provides funding for technical assistance from the CCC. [§217(g)] 3. Distribution of Effort. Requires No provisions. No provisions. No provisions. Sec. to address regional wildlife issues of concern [§2502] 4. Pilot Program. Allows the Sec. to No provisions. Allows the Sec. to use up to 15% of No provisions. use up to 15% of the funds to provide the funds to enroll land for at least additional payments to landowners who 15 years to protect "essential plant enroll land for at least 15 years to and animal habitat." [§217(d)] protect and restore plant and animal habitat. [§2502] F. Farmland Protection Program (FPP) 1. Program Administration. Moves No provisions. Moves the FPP to §1238H-J of the No provisions. the FPP to §1238H-J of the 1985 FSA 1985 FSA and requires that the and requires that the program be program be administered by NRCS administered by NRCS [§2503] [§218(a)] Repeals §388 of the 1996 FAIR and Repeals §388 of the 1996 FAIR. amends §211 of the Agricultural Risk [§218(c)] Protection Act of 2000 [§2503] 2. Funding Level. Reauthorizes Provides up to $50 million annually Reauthorizes funding from the CCC Provides up to a total of $35 million mandatory funding from the CCC, through FY2011 from the CCC. [§ at: $150 million in FY2002; $250 from the CCC by FY2002. [§388(c) including funding for technical 253(b)] million in FY2003; $400 million in of the 1996 FAIR] assistance, at: $50 million in FY2002; FY2004; $450 million in FY2005; $100 million in FY2003; $125 million $500 million in FY2006; and $100 in FY2004 and in FY2005; $100 million million in FY2007. Provides in FY2006; and $97 million in FY2007. funding for technical assistance [§2701] from the CCC; limits the federal CRS-17 2002 Farm Bill Farm Bill Passed by House Farm Bill Passed by Senate Prior Law Limits the federal share to 50%, and share to 50%, and limits the portion limits the portion of the non federal of the non federal share provided by share provided by the landowner to the landowner or in inkind goods 25%; prohibits bidding down. [§2503] and services to 25%; prohibits bidding down. [§218(b)] 3. Eligible Land. Deletes the maximum Deletes the maximum and minimum Same as §253(a); and also defines Makes between 170,000 acres and and minimum acreage limits, and acreage limits, and makes historic eligible land to include cropland, 340,000 acres eligible if the soil is expands the list of eligible land to and archaeological sites eligible. rangeland, grassland, pasture land prime, unique or productive, and an include cropland, rangeland, grassland, [§253(a)] and forest land that is part of an offer is pending from a state or local pasture land, incidental forest land, and agricultural operation. [§218(a)] government to limit non agricultural historic and archaeological sites. uses. [§388(a) of the 1996 FAIR] [§2503] 4. Eligible Participants. Expands Expands eligibility to also include Identical to §253(c). [§218(a)] Makes eligible any state or local eligibility to also include federally federally recognized Indian tribes, agency that has made an offer to recognized Indian tribes, and non profit and non profit organizations that purchase a "conservation easement organizations that meet specified meet specified qualifications. or other interests". [§388(a) of the qualifications. [§2503] [§253(c)] 1996 FAIR] 5. New Program Options. Allows No provisions. Allows up to $10 million to be spent No provisions. appropriations of "such funds as are annually to provide matching grants necessary" for FY2002 through FY2007 for market development, and to carry out farm viability programs. technical assistance to participants. [§2503] [§218(a)] G. Other Programs (Including Technical Assistance) 1. Resource Conservation and Permanently reauthorizes program, Permanently reauthorizes program, Provides assistance to encourage Development Program (RC&D). and makes numerous other, mostly and makes numerous other, mostly and improve the capacity of state Permanently reauthorizes program, and minor or technical amendments. minor or technical amendments. and local governments and non makes numerous other, mostly minor or [§254] [§216] profits in rural areas to develop and technical amendments. [§2504] [Note: Many of the changes in the [Note: Many of the changes in the implement conservation programs. two bills are different from each two bills are different from each Authorized through FY2002. [Title other, but they do not appear to other, but they do not appear to III of the Bankhead-Jones Farm change the basic intent or operation change the basic intent or operation Tenant Act as amended by §1528- of the program.] of the program.] §1538 of the 1981 AFA] CRS-18 2002 Farm Bill Farm Bill Passed by House Farm Bill Passed by Senate Prior Law 2. Small Watershed Rehabilitation Authorizes $15 million annually in No provisions. Provides financial and technical Program. Authorizes mandatory "FY2002 and each succeeding year" assistance to rehabilitate water funding from the CCC of: $45 million in to fund the Small Watershed structures that are nearing or past FY2003; $50 million in FY2004; $55 Rehabilitation Program. [§257] the end of their design life. million in FY2005; $60 million in Authorizes appropriations of: $5 FY2006; $65 million in FY2007; and $0 million in FY2001; $10 million in in FY2008. Also authorizes FY2002; $15 million in FY2003; appropriations, to remain available until $25 million in FY2004; and $35 spent, of: $45 million in FY2003; $55 million in FY2005. [§313 of the million in FY2004; $65 million in Grain Standards and Warehouse FY2005; $75 million in FY2006; and Improvement Act of 2000] $85 million in FY2007. [§2505] [Note: This is the only "no year" funding in the conservation title.] 3. Conservation of Private Grazing Adds encouraging the use of Moves the program to a new §1240P Provides coordinated technical, Lands. Moves program from §386 of sustainable grazing systems to the of the 1985 FSA, makes numerous educational, related assistance to the 1996 FAIR Act to §1240M of the list of activities for which assistance other, mostly minor, changes, and preserve and enhance privately- 1985 FSA. Provides coordinated can be provided. [§251] authorizes$60 million annually owned grazing lands; authorizes 2 technical, educational, related assistance through FY2006. [§217(a)] demonstration districts; authorizes to preserve and enhance privately- Repeals provisions establishing appropriations of $20 million in owned grazing lands; to be funded as a program in §386 of the 1996 FAIR. FY1996, $40 million in FY1997, specific line item in the NRCS budget; [§217(b)] and $60 million in FY1998 and each authorizes 2 demonstration districts; subsequent year. [§386 of the 1996 authorizes appropriations of $60 million FAIR] annually for FY2002 through FY2007. [§2502] 4. Technical Assistance. Adds a new Allows producers to seek assistance Adds a new §1244(f) to the 1985 Allows persons who need and apply §1242 to the 1985 FSA requiring the from third parties, who have the FSA requiring the Sec. to create a a conservation compliance plan to Sec. to create a certification program to specified expertise, and requires the certification program for third obtain technical assistance from approve third parties to provide Sec. to develop a system for parties to provide technical approved sources other than NRCS; technical assistance within 180 days of approving qualified third parties assistance, specifies standards for the Sec. must document a rejection enactment, specifies standards for who provide technical assistance to certification, permits the Sec. to of assistance from those sources certification, permits the Sec. to repay EQIP participants within 6 months repay landowners who use third [§1243(d) of the 1985 FSA] CRS-19 2002 Farm Bill Farm Bill Passed by House Farm Bill Passed by Senate Prior Law landowners who use third parties, and of enactment. [§244(b)] parties, and establishes an advisory establishes an advisory committee for committee for the certification the certification program. [§2701] program. [§204] 5. Conservation Compliance. Adds No provisions. No provisions. Producers may lose access to new provisions prohibiting the Sec. specified federal farm program from delegating the authority to benefits if they cultivate highly determine whether a person is not erodible land without following a complying with conservation conservation plan or if they alter compliance or wetland conservation agricultural wetlands to produce requirements to "any private person or crops. [§1211-1214 and §1221-1224 entity". [§2002] of the 1985 FSA] 6. Agricultural Management No provisions. No provisions. Authorizes financial assistance, of Assistance. Permanently authorizes up to $50,000 per year, to producers financial assistance, of up to $50,000 in 10 to 15 states, to be determined per year, to producers in 15 designated by the Sec., that have been states, primarily in the northeast, that underserved by crop insurance, to have been underserved by crop install conservation practices and insurance, to install conservation take other specified actions that will practices and take other specified reduce their "production, price, or actions that will reduce their financial revenue" risk. Permanently risk. Permanently authorizes funding authorizes mandatory funding at $10 from the CCC, capped at $20 million million annually from the CCC. annually from FY2003 through FY2007, [§133 of the Agricultural Risk and at $10 million in other years. Management Act of 2000] [§2501] 7. Repeals of Authorized Programs Repeals provisions: creating the Repeals numerous conservation No provisions. and Activities. Repeals numerous Wetlands Mitigation Banking programs in current law and conservation programs in current law Program [§1222(k) of the 1985 reauthorizes them in Subtitle D of and reauthorizes them in Subtitle D of FSA], the Environmental Easement the 1985 Farm Security Act (and the 1985 Farm Security Act (and thereby Program [§1239 of the 1985 FSA], thereby making them subject to making them subject to highly erodible the Conservation Farm Option highly erodible land and wetland land and wetland conservation [§1240M of the 1985 FSA], and the conservation compliance provisions. compliance provisions.) Location of Tree Planting Initiative [§1256 of Exact location of each change were CRS-20 2002 Farm Bill Farm Bill Passed by House Farm Bill Passed by Senate Prior Law each change were noted in the entries the 1985 FSA]; exempting CRP and noted in the entries for each for each program, above. WRP payments from any limits program, above. under the 1985 FSA, the 1990 FACTA, and the 1949 AA [§1234(f)(3) and §1237D(c)(3), respectively]; protecting the base history of land enrolled in the CRP [§1236 of the 1985 FSA]. [§261] Repeals the National Natural Resources Conservation Foundation [§351-§360 of the 1996 FAIR]. [§262] H. New Programs 1. Conservation Security Program No provisions. A. Program Purpose. Authorizes a No provisions. (CSP). CSP in §1238­ §1238C of the 1985 A. Program Purpose. Authorizes a CSP FSA to enroll land and assist in §1238­ §1238C of the 1985 FSA to producers to promote resource enroll land and assist producers to conservation on lands producing promote resource conservation on lands agricultural commodities, producing agricultural commodities, sometimes called "working lands" sometimes called "working lands" from from FY2003 through FY2007. FY2003 through FY2007. Specifies 19 Specifies 11 acceptable conservation acceptable conservation practices, practices and allows the Sec. to ranging from nutrient and endangered approve other practices. [§201] species management to contour farming and strip cropping, and allows the Sec. to approve other practices. [§2001] B. Definitions. Defines 15 terms. No provisions. Defines 21 terms. [§201] No provisions. Eight terms are dropped from the Senate -passed bill, and 2 are added; "enhanced payment" and "non-degradation standard" [§2001] C. Eligibility. Producers must enter No provisions. C. Eligibility. Producers must enter No provisions. CRS-21 2002 Farm Bill Farm Bill Passed by House Farm Bill Passed by Senate Prior Law into a conservation security contract to into a conservation security contract implement an approved conservation to implement an approved security plan at 1 of 3 levels, or tiers, of conservation security plan at 1 of 3 conservation on private agricultural land levels, or tiers, of conservation on that has been in crop production at least private agricultural land that has 4 of the preceding 6 years, except for been in crop production at least 3 of land enrolled in the CRP, WRP. or new the preceding 10 years, except for Grasslands Reserve. [§2001] land enrolled in the CRP, WRP. or new Grasslands Reserve. [§201] D. Participation. Producers must have No provisions Producers must have an approved No provisions. an approved plan for eligible lands. plan for eligible lands. Producers Producers can receive an advance can receive an advance payment payment when they enroll, base when they enroll, base payments, payments, and bonus payments for and bonus payments for certain certain practices (that address state and practices (that address state and local priorities). [§2001] local priorities). [§201] E. Participation Options. Three tiers of No provisions. Three tiers of participation are No provisions. participation are specified with specified with acceptable levels of acceptable levels of practices, and practices, and minimum minimum requirements for each will be requirements for each will be determine at the state level and determine at the state level and approved by the Sec. Tier 1 contracts approved by the Sec. Tier 1 will be 5 years; Tier II and III contracts contracts will be 5 years; Tier II and will be 5 to 10 years, and contracts can III contracts will be 5 to 10 years, be renewed. Total annual payments are and contracts can be renewed. Total limited to $20,000 for Tier I, $35,000 annual payments are limited to for Tier II, and $45,000 for Tier III. $20,000 for Tier I, $35,000 for Tier [§2001] II, and $50,000 for Tier III. [§201] F. Termination and Renewal. No provisions. Participants can terminate contracts No provisions. Participants can terminate contracts and and retain payments if they were in retain payments if they were in full full compliance when they compliance when they terminated, and terminated, and the termination the termination would not defeat the would not defeat the contract CRS-22 2002 Farm Bill Farm Bill Passed by House Farm Bill Passed by Senate Prior Law contract purposes. Violations caused by purposes. Violations caused by natural disasters are not considered natural disasters are not considered violations. Producers can renew violations. Producers can renew contracts for 5 to 10 years; holders of contracts for 5 to 10 years; holders tier I contracts must agree to apply of tier I contracts must agree to additional conservation practices in the apply additional conservation land already under contract or adopt new practices in the land already under ones on another portion of their contract or adopt new ones on operation. [§2001] another portion of their operation. [§201] G. Duties. Producers agree to No provisions. Producers agree to implement the No provisions. implement the plan, to provide records plan, to provide records to the Sec. to the Sec. on implementation, and to on implementation, and to avoid avoid inconsistent actions. The Sec. inconsistent actions. The Sec. agrees payments that rise with each tier, agrees payments that rise with each and are limited based on complex tier, and are limited based on standards spelled out in the legislation. complex standards spelled out in the Funds are not available for animal waste legislation. The Sec. can approved storage and treatment facilities, or waste 1 state pilot program. [§201] transfer devices, or for buying and maintaining equipment that is not "integral to a land-based practice. [§2001] H. Regulations. Regulations are to be No provisions. Regulations and other implementing No provisions. issued within 270 days of actions can start on the date of enactment.[§2001] enactment. [§206] I. Funding. Authorizes mandatory No provisions. Amends §1241 to authorize No provisions. funding from the CCC, including mandatory funding from the CCC, funding for technical assistance, at an including funding for technical unspecified level, from FY2002 through assistance, at an unspecified level, FY2007. [§2701] from FY2002 through FY2006. The amount available for technical [§202] assistance is limited to 15% of the total CRS-23 2002 Farm Bill Farm Bill Passed by House Farm Bill Passed by Senate Prior Law expended each year. [§2001] 2. Grasslands Reserve Program Creates a 2 million acre grasslands Creates a 2 million acre grasslands No provisions. (GRP). reserve, split evenly between reserve, of which up to 500,000 A. Reserve Size. Creates a 2 million restored grasslands and virgin acres will be native grasslands in acre GRP including restored or (never cultivated) grasslands in tracts of 40 acres or less in §1238N- improved grassland, rangeland, and §1238 of the 1985 FSA. P of the 1985 FSA. §1238N sets pasture land in §1238 of the 1985 FSA. §1238(b)(1) sets minimum size for minimum size for enrolled parcels at Minimum size for enrolled parcels at 40 enrolled parcels at 50 contiguous 40 contiguous acres east of the 98th contiguous acres, but the Sec. Can waive acres east of the 90th meridian and meridian and 100 contiguous acres that requirement. [§2401] 100 contiguous acres west of the west of the 98th meridian [§219(a)] 90th meridian. [§255(a)] B. Eligible Lands. Defines eligible land Defines eligible land to include Same definition of eligible land as No provisions. to include natural grass and shrub land natural grass and shrub land that has in H.R. 2646, except that it also that has a potential to serve as important a potential to serve as important allows incidental additional land plant or animal habitat, or has been plant or animal habitat, or has been that is necessary for the historically dominated by natural grass historically dominated by natural administrative efficiency of an or shrubland. Also allows incidental grass or shrubland. [§255(a)] easement to be enrolled. [§219(a)] additional land that is necessary for the administrative efficiency of an easement to be enrolled. [§2401] C. Enrollment Options. Allows Spends at least 2/3 of funds on Allows permanent easements, 30 No provisions. permanent and 30-year easements, and contracts of 10 to 20 years, and the year easements, the longest rental agreements of 10, 15, 20, and 30 remainder on 30 year or permanent easements allowed by state law, and years. Up to 60% of the funds can be easements. [§255(a)] 30 year rental agreements. §1238Q spent on easements and 30 year allows Sec. to delegate easements to agreements; the remainder will be spent state agencies, private conservation on shorter agreements. The Sec. may to organizations and land trusts. delegate easements to state agencies and [§219(a)] private organizations if certain conditions are met. [§2401] D. Permitted and Prohibited Uses of Permits contract holders to use Similar to H.R. 2646 for permitted No provisions. Enrolled Lands. Permits contract holders common grazing practices, and and prohibited uses of enrolled CRS-24 2002 Farm Bill Farm Bill Passed by House Farm Bill Passed by Senate Prior Law to use common grazing practices, permits haying and mowing outside lands. [§219(a)] rehabilitate land after fires, and build the bird nesting season, but prohibits fences; restricts uses during the bird all agricultural production (except nesting season; and prohibits all hay) and almost all practices that agricultural production (except hay) and disturb the land surface. [§255(a)] all other activities that disturb the land surface. [§2401] E. Ranking Criteria for Bids. Requires Requires the Sec. to develop ranking Requires Sec. to work with State No provisions. the Sec. to develop ranking criteria for criteria for reviewing applications, Technical Committees in developing reviewing applications, with emphasis with emphasis on support for native ranking criteria, and to give priority on support for grazing operations, plant vegetation, grazing operations, and to grazing operations, maintaining and animal diversity, and grasslands plant and animal diversity, and to or restoring biodiversity, and land most threatened by conversion. [§2401] set the terms for restoration. under the greatest threat of [§255(a)] conversion. [§219(a)] F. Payment Levels. Describes how Describes how payment levels are to Describes how payment levels are to No provisions. maximum payment levels are to be set be set for each form of participation, be set for each form of participation, for each form of participation, sets cost sets cost sharing payments for provides that rental agreements be sharing payments for restoration at 90% restoration at 90% for virgin reviewed and adjusted at least once for virgin grasslands and 75% for grasslands and 75% for restored every 5 years, limits cost-sharing restored grasslands. [§2401] grasslands, and provides technical payments to 75% for restoration, assistance. [§255(a)] and provides technical assistance. [§219(a)] G. Penalties for Violation. After a No provisions. Describes the roles of the Sec. and No provisions. violation, the agreement or easement the landowner in implementing will remain in force, and the owner may restoration agreements, and lists the be required to refund part or all the penalties for violations, and allows payments, with interest. [§2401] periodic site inspections. [§219(a)] H. Funding. Authorizes a total of up to Amends §1241 of the 1985 FSA to Amends §1241 of the 1985 FSA to No provisions. $254 million between FY2003 and provide a total of $254 million provide such sums as necessary FY2007 from the CCC (including the through the CCC through FY2011to from the CCC to implement the provision of technical assistance). implement the GRP. [§255(b)] GRP. [§219(b)] [§2701] CRS-25 2002 Farm Bill Farm Bill Passed by House Farm Bill Passed by Senate Prior Law 3. Partnerships and Cooperation. No provisions. Adds a new §1242(f) to the 1985 No provisions. Adds a new §1243 to the 1985 FSA to FSA to allow special projects as allow special projects as recommended recommended by a state by a state conservationist, which can conservationist, which can respond respond to meeting the requirements of to meeting the requirements of three three specified federal environmental specified federal environmental laws or addressing watersheds or other laws or addressing watersheds or areas with significant environmental other areas with significant problems. Allows the Sec. to provide environmental problems. incentives. Participants agree to a plan Participants agree to a plan to adjust to adjust implementation of implementation of conservation conservation programs to increase programs to increase environmental environmental benefits. Funding uses benefits. Funding uses 5% of EQIP 5% of mandatory funding for funds annually, with any unused conservation programs, with any funds funds to go to other EQIP activities not obligated by April 1 to go to other that year. [§203] conservation activities that year. [§2003] 4. Great Lakes Basin Soil Erosion No provisions. Authorizes $5 million annually No provisions. and Sediment Control Program. through FY2006 to implement a Authorizes appropriations of $5 million new soil erosion and sediment annually from FY2002 through FY2007 control program for the Great Lakes to implement a new soil erosion and basin in §1240O of the 1985 FSA. sediment control program for the Great [§217(a)] Lakes basin in §1240P of the 1985 FSA. [§2502] 5. Grassroots Source Water No provisions. Authorizes appropriations of $5 No provisions. Protection Program. Authorizes million annually through FY2006 to appropriations of $5 million annually use technical assistance capabilities from FY2002 through FY2007 to use of rural water associations that technical assistance capabilities of rural operate wellhead or groundwater water associations that operate wellhead protection program in §1240Q of the or groundwater protection programs in 1985 FSA. [§217(a)] CRS-26 2002 Farm Bill Farm Bill Passed by House Farm Bill Passed by Senate Prior Law §1240O of the 1985 FSA. [§2502] 6. Desert Terminal Lakes. Authorizes No provisions. No provisions. No provisions. the transfer of $200 million from the CCC to the Bureau of Reclamation (in the Department of the Interior) to provide water to "at-risk natural desert terminal lakes". The funds can not be used to purchase or lease water rights. [§2507] 7. Conservation Corridor No provisions. No provisions. No provisions. Demonstration Program. Permits one or more states, with local governments on the Delmarva Peninsula, to develop and implement over 3 to 5 years a conservation corridor plan to improve the economic viability of agriculture and the environmental integrity of watersheds. [§2601-§2603] The federal share will be up to 50% of the total, and appropriations are authorized at such sums as may be necessary each year between FY2002 and FY2007. [§2604] 8. Administrative Requirements for No provisions. Adds a new §1244(b) which No provisions. Conservation Programs. provides necessary funds from the A. Assistance for Limited Resource CCC to assist certain limited Producers. Adds a new §1244(a) to the resource, socially disadvantaged, 1985 FSA which provides unspecified and beginning producers, and incentives through conservation Indian tribes to participate in programs to assist beginning and limited conservation programs by providing resource producers and Indian tribes to "education, outreach, monitoring, foster new opportunities and to evaluation, and related services." "enhance environmental The Sec. may contract with other CRS-27 2002 Farm Bill Farm Bill Passed by House Farm Bill Passed by Senate Prior Law stewardship"[§2004(a)] entities to provide these services. Adds a new §1244(c) allowing the Sec. to provide incentives to these producers(except socially- disadvantaged ones) to participate in conservation programs. [§204] B. Privacy of Personal Information No provisions. Adds a new §1244(g) to prohibit the No provisions. (Confidentiality). Adds a new §1244(b) Sec. from releasing personal to prohibit the Sec. (or any contractor to information about individuals the Sec.) from releasing personal related to conservation programs, information about individuals related to except in aggregate. [§204] conservation programs, except in aggregate. Exceptions are specified. [§2004(a)] Treatment of data collected using the Natural Resources Inventory to protect the identity of individuals is specified. [§2004(b)] C. Regional Equity of Conservation No provisions. Requires that each state receive at No provisions. Spending. Requires the Sec. to give least $12 million annually from priority to funding of specified FY2002 through FY2006, for mandatory conservation programs in conservation programs. Of the total, states that have received less than $12 $5 million is to be used for EQIP, million by April 1 each fiscal year and $7 million is to be used for (Spending for the CRP, WRP, and the other conservation programs, with Conservation Security Program is any portion not obligated by April excluded from this calculation). [§2701] 1of the fiscal year to be reobligated to other specified programs. [§241] 9. Assessment of Conservation No provisions. Requires the Sec. to develop a plan No provisions. Programs. Requires the Sec. to to better coordinate and consolidate develop a plan to better coordinate and the implementation of conservation consolidate the implementation of programs to insure funding of CRS-28 2002 Farm Bill Farm Bill Passed by House Farm Bill Passed by Senate Prior Law conservation programs to eliminate highest priorities while accounting redundancy, streamline program for regional variation. [§ 205(a)] delivery, and improve services to Requires the Sec. to provide the plan producers. [§ 2005(a)] (and recommendations) to both Requires the Sec. to provide the plan agriculture committees within 180 (and recommendations for days of enactment. [§205(b)] implementation ) to both agriculture Requires the Sec. to provide a plan committees by December 31, 2005. (with a cost estimate) for updating [§2005(b)] the national conservation program required by the Soil and Water Resources Conservation Act of 1977 to both agriculture committees within 180 days of enactment, and to report to them on plan implementation by April 30, 2005. [§205(c)] Requires the Sec. to revise conservation technical standards within 180 days of enactment, and to update them every 5 years. [§205(d)] CRS-29 Table 2. Comparison of Resource Conservation Title Funding in 2002 Farm Bill with Proposed Funding in Farm Bills Passed by House and Senate, and Prior Law (CBO estimates are from the April, 2001 baseline.) 2002 Farm Bill Farm Bill Passed by House Farm Bill Passed by Senate Prior Law Conservation Reserve Program (CRP). CRP capped at 39.2 million acres; CRP capped at 41.1 million acres (the Water CRP capped at 36.4 million Capped at 39.2 million acres; mandatory mandatory funding authorized through Conservation Program would reduce it to acres; mandatory spending funding, including funding for technical 2011. (CBO estimates increase in 40.0 million acres, and then adds a .5 authorized through FY2002. assistance, authorized through FY2007. budget authority of $574 million million acre pilot program, making the final (16 U.S.C. 3831-3836, and (CBO estimates increase in budget through FY2006, and $1.517 billion total 40.5 million acres.) Mandatory 3841) (CBO estimates authority of $706 million through FY2007.) through FY2011.) funding authorized through FY2006. (CBO baseline spending of $10.2 (§2101) estimates increase in budget authority of billion through FY2007.) $931 million through FY2006.) Wetlands Reserve Program (WRP). WRP capped at 150,000 acres per WRP capped at total enrollment of 2.225 WRP capped at 1,075,000 Capped at total enrollment of 2.275 million calender year, and any acres within million acres, with annual (calendar year) acres in total with no annual acres, with annual enrollment ceiling of that cap not used in a given year can enrollment limited to 250,000 acres, of enrollment goal or limit; 250,000 acres; mandatory funding, be enrolled in subsequent years; which up to 25,000 acres can be enrolled in mandatory spending including funding for technical assistance, mandatory funding authorized through a new Wetland Reserve Enhancement authorized through FY2002. authorized through calendar year 2007. 2011. (CBO estimates increase in Program; mandatory funding is authorized. (16 U.S.C. 3837-3837f, and (CBO estimates increase in budget budget authority of $859 million (CBO estimates increase in budget authority 3841) (CBO estimates no authority of $1.498 billion through through FY2006, and $1.726 billion of $1.383 billion through FY2006.) additional spending in FY2007.) (§2201) through FY2011.) baseline as enrollment cap has been reached.) Wildlife Habitat Incentives Program WHIP mandatory funding authorized WHIP mandatory funding authorized at: WHIP authorized through (WHIP) Mandatory funding, including at: $25 million in FY2002; $50 million in FY2002; FY2002 at a total of $50 funding for technical assistance, authorized $30 million in FY2003 and 4; $225 million in FY2003 million in mandatory at: $15 million in FY2002; $35 million in FY2005 and 6; $275 million in FY2004 spending from the funds $30 million in FY2003; $40 million in FY2007; $325 million in FY2005; made available to implement $60 million in FY2004; and $45 million in FY2008 and 9; and $355 million in FY2006, and the CRP. (16 U.S.C. 3836a) $85 million annually in FY2005 through $50 million in FY2010 and 11. $100 million in FY2007. (CBO estimates no additional FY2007. (CBO estimates increase in (CBO estimates increase in budget (CBO estimates increase in budget authority spending through FY2007 in budget authority of $360 million through authority of $155 million through of $1.23 billion through FY2006.) baseline.) FY2007.) (§2502) FY2006, and $385 million through FY2011.) CRS-30 2002 Farm Bill Farm Bill Passed by House Farm Bill Passed by Senate Prior Law Environmental Quality Incentives EQIP mandatory funding authorized EQIP mandatory funding authorized at: EQIP authorized at $130 Program (EQIP) Mandatory funding, at: $0.200 billion in FY2001; $0.50 billion in FY2002; million in mandatory including funding for technical assistance, $1.025 billion in FY2002 and 3; $1.30 billion in FY2003; spending in FY 1996, and authorized at: $0.40 billion in FY2002; $1.200 billion in FY2004 through 6; $1.45 billion in FY2004 and 5; $200 million annually in $0.70 billion in FY2003; $1.400 billion in FY2007 through 9; $1.50 billion in FY2006; and FY1997 through FY2002. $1.00 billion in FY2004; and $1.500 billion in FY2010 and 11. $0.85 billion in FY2007. (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-3839aa- $1.20 billion in FY2005 and 6; and Authorizes mandatory funding for a Includes new programs for Partnerships and $1.30 billion in FY2007. Ground and Surface Water Cooperation at 5% of annual EQIP 8, and 3841) (CBO 60% of funding each year goes to livestock Conservation Program at: $30 million authorization, Conservation Innovation estimates $1.2 billion in producers and 40% to crop producers. in FY2002; $45 million in FY2003; Grants at $100 million per year, Southern additional spending Unspecified portion of EQIP funding will and $60 million in FY2004 through Plains Groundwater Conservation at $15 through FY2007 in go to new program for conservation 11. (CBO estimates increase in million in FY2003 and increasing to $35 baseline.) innovation grants, and specified portions of budget authority of $4.650 billion million in FY2006, and a pilot program for $25 million in FY2002, $45 million in through FY2006, and $10.850 billion drinking water suppliers in the Chesapeake FY2003, and $60 million annually in through FY2011 for EQIP, and Bay watershed at $10 million in FY2003 and FY2004 through FY2007 will go to a new increase in budget authority of $255 increasing to $25 million in FY2006. (CBO ground and surface water conservation million through FY2006, and $555 estimates increase in budget authority of program (with $50 million of that total to million through FY2011 for the water $5.227 billion through FY2006.) be used in the Klamath Basin). (CBO conservation program.) estimates increase in budget authority of $4.6 billion for EQIP and $360 million for water conservation through FY2007.) (§2301) Grassland Reserve Program (GRP) GRP capped at 1million acres of GRP capped at 2 million acres, with up to New program ­ no Capped at 2 million acres, and mandatory "restored grassland" and 1 million 500,000 acres of native grasslands. GRP provisions. funding is capped at a total of $254 million acres of "virgin grassland", and mandatory funding authorized at "such sums through FY2007. (CBO estimates increase mandatory funding is capped at a total ...as are necessary." (CBO estimates in budget authority of $83 million through of $254 million through FY2011. increase in budget authority of $44 million FY2007.) (§2401) (CBO estimates increase in budget through FY2006.) authority of $45 million through FY2006, and $254 million through FY2011.) CRS-31 2002 Farm Bill Farm Bill Passed by House Farm Bill Passed by Senate Prior Law Farmland Protection Program (FPP). FPP mandatory funding authorized at FPP mandatory funding authorized at: FPP authorized upper and Mandatory funding, including funding for no more than $50 million annually, $150 million in FY2002; lower acreage enrollment technical assistance, authorized at: and the upper and lower acreage $250 million in FY2003; limits of 340,000 acres and $50 million in FY2002; enrollment limits are eliminated. $400 million in FY2004; 170,000 acres, respectively, $100 million in FY2003; (CBO estimates increase in budget $450 million in FY2005; through FY2002, with total $125 million in FY2004 and FY2005; authority of $250 million through $500 million in FY2006; and mandatory funding of $35 $100 million in FY2006; and FY2006, and $500 million through $100 million in FY2007. million. (16 U.S.C. 3830) $97 million in FY2007. FY2011.) Not more than $10 million annually goes to (CBO estimates no additional Acreage limits are deleted. Also authorizes a new Market Viability Program, and the spending through FY2007 in a new Farm Viability Program, and upper and lower acreage enrollment limits baseline.) appropriates necessary funds from FY2002 are eliminated. (CBO estimates increase in through FY2007. (CBO estimates increase budget authority of $1.750 billion through in budget authority of $597 million through FY2006.) FY2007.) (§2503) Resource Conservation and Development RC&D is authorized permanently to RC&D is authorized permanently to RC&D authorized such Program (RC&D) Authorized appropriate such funds as may be appropriate such funds as may be necessary. discretionary funds as may permanently to appropriate such funds as necessary. be necessary through may be necessary. (§2504) FY2002. (16 U.S.C. 3453- 3461) Conservation Corridor Demonstration No provisions. Authorizes, from mandatory funding New program ­ no Project. Authorizes appropriations of provided for EQIP, $10 million in FY2003; provisions. "such funds as are necessary" for FY2002 $15 million in FY2004; $20 million in through FY2007 for projects on the FY2005; $25 million in FY2006; and $0 in Delmarva Peninsula. (§2601) FY2007 for a nutrient reduction pilot program in the Chesapeake Bay drainage (and also funds a drinking water suppliers' pilot program). CRS-32 2002 Farm Bill Farm Bill Passed by House Farm Bill Passed by Senate Prior Law Small Watershed Rehabilitation Authorizes appropriations of $15 No provisions. Authorized appropriated Program. Authorizes mandatory funding million annually in discretionary funding at: at: $45 million in FY2003; spending "for FY2002 and each $10 million in FY2002; $50 million in FY2004; succeeding year." $15 million in FY2003; $55 million in FY2005; $25 million in FY2004; and $60 million in FY2006; $35 million in FY2005. $65 million in FY2007; and (16 U.S.C. 1012) $0 in FY2008. Also authorizes appropriated funding at: $45 million in FY2003; $55 million in FY2004; $65 million in FY2005 $75 million in FY2006; and $85 million in FY2007. (CBO estimates increase in budget authority of $275 million through FY2007.) (§2505) Conservation Security Program (CSP) No provisions. CSP mandatory funding authorized at "such New program ­ no CSP mandatory funding authorized at funds as are necessary". (CBO estimates provisions. "such funds as are necessary" starting in increase in budget authority of $387 million FY2003. (CBO estimates increase in through FY2006.) budget authority of $369 million through FY2007.) (§2001) Partnerships and Cooperation Use up to No provisions. May use up to 5% of the mandatory funding New program ­ no 5% of the mandatory funding for for EQIP for special projects where provisions. conservation programs for special projects enhanced technical and financial assistance where enhanced technical and financial is provided; any available funds not assistance is provided; any available funds obligated by April 1 of the fiscal year may not obligated by April 1 of the fiscal year be reallocated to EQIP. may be reallocated to another program receiving mandatory funding. (§2003) 2002 Farm Bill Farm Bill Passed by House Farm Bill Passed by Senate Prior Law Great Lakes Basin Program for Soil No provisions. Authorizes appropriations of $5 million New program ­ No Erosion and Sediment Control annually from FY2002 through FY2006. provisions. Authorizes appropriations of $5 million annually from FY2002 through FY2007. (§2502) Conservation of Private Grazing Lands. No provisions. Authorizes appropriations of $60 million Authorized appropriations of Authorizes appropriations of $60 million annually from FY2002 through FY2006. $20 million in FY1996; $40 annually from FY2002 through FY2007. million in FY1997; and $60 (§2502) million in "each subsequent fiscal year." (16 U.S.C. 2005b) Grassroots Source Water Protection No provisions. Authorizes appropriations of $5 million New program ­ no Program. Authorizes appropriations of $5 annually from FY2002 through FY2006. provisions. million annually from FY2002 through FY2007. (§2502) Agricultural Management Assistance. No provisions. No provisions. Permanently authorized $10 Permanently authorizes mandatory funding, million annually to go to 10 and authorizes an additional $10 million to 15 states that are annually in FY2003 through FY2007. underserved by crop (CBO estimates increase in budget insurance. (7 U.S.C. 524) authority of $50 million through FY2007.) (CBO estimates no additional (§2501) spending through FY2007 in baseline.) Desert Terminal Lakes (CBO estimates No provisions. No provisions. New program ­ no increase in budget authority of $200 provisions. million in FY2002.) (§2507) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ For other versions of this document, see http://wikileaks.org/wiki/CRS-RL31486