For other versions of this document, see http://wikileaks.org/wiki/CRS-R40110 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ¢ ¢ ¢ ¢ Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress ¢ ¢ With recent high energy prices, the passage of major energy legislation in 2005 (P.L. 109-58) and 2007 (P.L. 110-140), and the passage of a new Farm Bill in 2008 (P.L. 110-246) there is ongoing congressional interest in promoting alternatives to petroleum fuels. Biofuels--transportation fuels produced from plants and other organic materials--are of particular interest. Ethanol and biodiesel, the two most widely used biofuels, receive significant government support under federal law in the form of mandated fuel use, tax incentives, loan and grant programs, and certain regulatory requirements. The 24 programs and provisions listed in this report have been established over the past 28 years, and are administered by five separate agencies and departments: Environmental Protection Agency, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Department of Energy, Internal Revenue Service, and Customs and Border Protection. These programs target a variety of beneficiaries, including farmers and rural small businesses, biofuel producers, petroleum suppliers, and fuel marketers. Arguably, the most significant federal programs for biofuels have been tax credits for the production or sale of ethanol and biodiesel. However, with the establishment of the renewable fuel standard (RFS) under P.L. 109-58, Congress has mandated biofuels use; P.L. 110-140 significantly expanded that mandate. In the long term, the mandate may prove even more significant than tax incentives in promoting the use of these fuels. The 2008 Farm Bill--The Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008--amended or established various biofuels incentives, including lowering the value of the ethanol excise tax credit, establishing a tax credit for cellulosic biofuel production, extending import duties on fuel ethanol, and establishing several new grant and loan programs. This report outlines federal programs that provide direct or indirect incentives for biofuels. For each program described, the report provides details including administering agency, authorizing statute(s), annual funding, and expiration date. The Appendix provides summary information in a table format. This report supersedes CRS Report RL33572, Biofuels Incentives: A Summary of Federal Programs. ¢ Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 1 Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)--Renewable Fuel Standard ........................................... 1 Internal Revenue Service (IRS)....................................................................................................... 2 Volumetric Ethanol Excise Tax Credit ...................................................................................... 2 Small Ethanol Producer Credit.................................................................................................. 2 For more information: IRS Publication 510, Chapter 2: Fuel Tax Credits and Refunds http://www.irs.gov/publications/p510/ch02.html................................................................... 3 Biodiesel Tax Credit.................................................................................................................. 3 For more information: IRS Publication 510, Chapter 2: Fuel Tax Credits and Refunds http://www.irs.gov/publications/p510/ch02.html................................................................... 3 Small Agri-Biodiesel Producer Credit....................................................................................... 3 For more information: IRS Publication 510, Chapter 2: Fuel Tax Credits and Refunds http://www.irs.gov/publications/p510/ch02.html................................................................... 3 Renewable Diesel Tax Credit .................................................................................................... 3 For more information: IRS Publication 510, Chapter 2: Fuel Tax Credits and Refunds http://www.irs.gov/publications/p510/ch02.html................................................................... 4 Credit for Production of Cellulosic Biofuel .............................................................................. 4 Special Depreciation Allowance for Cellulosic Biofuel Plant Property.................................... 4 Department of Agriculture (USDA) ................................................................................................ 5 Bioenergy Program ................................................................................................................... 5 Renewable Energy Systems and Energy Efficiency Improvements ......................................... 5 For more information: http://www.rurdev.usda.gov.................................................................. 6 Value-Added Producer Grants Program (VAPG)...................................................................... 6 For more information: http://www.rurdev.usda.gov/rbs/coops/vadg.htm ................................. 6 Biorefinery Development Grants (Unfunded)........................................................................... 6 Business and Industry (B&I) Guaranteed Loans....................................................................... 7 For more information: http://www.rurdev.usda.gov/rbs/busp/b&i_gar.htm.............................. 7 Rural Business Enterprise Grants (RBEG) ............................................................................... 7 For more information: http://www.rurdev.usda.gov/rbs/busp/rbeg.htm.................................... 7 Other USDA Programs.............................................................................................................. 7 New Farm Bill Programs Under USDA.......................................................................................... 8 Biorefinery Assistance .............................................................................................................. 8 Repowering Assistance ............................................................................................................. 8 Bioenergy Program for Advanced Biofuels .............................................................................. 8 Feedstock Flexibility Program for Producers of Biofuels (Sugar)............................................ 9 Biomass Crop Assistance Program (BCAP) ............................................................................. 9 Department of Energy (DOE) ....................................................................................................... 10 Biomass Research and Development Initiative....................................................................... 10 For more information: http://www.brdisolutions.com/default.aspx........................................ 10 Biorefinery Project Grants ...................................................................................................... 10 For more information: http://www.eere.energy.gov/biomass/..................................................11 Loan Guarantees for Ethanol and Commercial Byproducts from Cellulose, Municipal Solid Waste, and Sugar Cane ................................................................................................11 DOE Loan Guarantee Program ................................................................................................11 For more information: http://www.lgprogram.energy.gov/ ......................................................11 ¢ Cellulosic Biofuels Production Incentive.................................................................................11 U.S. Customs and Border Protection--Import Duty for Fuel Ethanol.......................................... 12 Table A-1. Federal Biofuels Incentives by Agency ....................................................................... 13 ¡ Appendix. Summary of Federal Incentives Promoting Biofuels................................................... 13 Author Contact Information .......................................................................................................... 16 ¢ With recent high energy prices, the passage of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (P.L. 109-58) and the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (P.L. 110-140), and the passage of the 2008 Farm Bill (P.L. 110-246), there is ongoing congressional interest in promoting greater use of alternatives to petroleum fuels. Biofuels--transportation fuels produced from plants and other organic materials--are of particular interest. Ethanol and biodiesel, the two most widely used biofuels, receive significant federal support in the form of tax incentives, loan and grant programs, and regulatory programs. The 2008 Farm Bill also modified existing incentives-- including ethanol tax credits and import duties--and established a new tax credit for cellulosic biofuels. The Farm Bill also authorized new biofuels loan and grant programs, but these will be subject to appropriations, likely starting with the FY2010 budget request. This report outlines 24 current, expired, or pending federal programs and provisions (plus one authorized but unfunded program) that provide direct or indirect incentives for biofuels. The programs are grouped below by administering agency. The incentives for biofuels are summarized in the Appendix. This information is compiled from authorizing statutes, committee reports, and Administration budget request documents. ¢ · Administered by: EPA · Established: 2005 by the Energy Policy Act of 2005, §1501 (P.L. 109-58); expanded by the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007, §202 (P.L. 110- 140) · Scheduled termination: None · Description: The Energy Policy Act of 2005 established a renewable fuel standard (RFS) for automotive fuels. The RFS was expanded by the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007. The RFS requires the blending of renewable fuels (including ethanol and biodiesel) in transportation fuel. In 2008, fuel suppliers must blend 9.0 billion gallons of renewable fuel into gasoline; this requirement increases annually to 36 billion gallons in 2022. The expanded RFS also specifically mandates the use of "advanced biofuels"--fuels produced from non-corn feedstocks and with 50% lower lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions than petroleum fuel--starting in 2009. Of the 36 billion gallons required in 2022, at least 21 billion gallons must be advanced biofuel. There are also specific quotas for cellulosic biofuels and for biomass-based diesel fuel. On May 1, 2007, EPA issued a final rule on the RFS program detailing compliance standards for fuel suppliers, as well as a system to trade renewable fuel credits between suppliers. EPA has not yet initiated a rulemaking on the lifecycle analysis methods necessary to categorize fuels as advanced biofuels. While this program is not a direct subsidy for the construction of biofuels plants, the guaranteed market created by the renewable fuel standard is expected to stimulate growth of the biofuels industry. ¢ Various tax credits and other incentives are available for the production, blending, and/or sale of biofuels and biofuel blends. Tax credits vary by the type of fuel and the size of the producer. Before the enactment of the Energy Improvement and Extension Act of 2008 (P.L. 110-343, Division B), some of the credits allowed taxpayers to blend biofuels produced outside the United States with conventional fuels, export the blended fuel, and claim the tax credit. Section 203 of P.L. 110-343 effectively eliminated this so-called "splash-and-dash" practice by requiring that any fuel eligible for the credit must be produced and/or used within the United States. ¡ ¡ · Administered by: Internal Revenue Service · Established: 2005 by the American Jobs Creation Act of 2004, §301 (P.L. 108- 357); modified by the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008, §15331 (P.L. 110-246); further amended by the Energy Improvement and Extension Act of 2008 (P.L. 110-343, Division B), §203 · Scheduled termination: December 31, 2010 · Description: Gasoline suppliers who blend ethanol with gasoline are eligible for a tax credit of 51 cents per gallon of ethanol. · Qualified applicant: Blenders of gasohol (i.e., gasoline suppliers and marketers) · For more information: IRS Publication 510, Chapter 2: Fuel Tax Credits and Refunds http://www.irs.gov/publications/p510/ch02.html · Note: The 2008 Farm Bill amended the credit: Starting the year after 7.5 billion gallons of ethanol are produced and/or imported in the United States, the value of the credit will be lowered to 45 cents per gallon--it is expected that the United States will pass this mark in 2008, leading to a reduction in the credit starting in 2009. · Administered by: Internal Revenue Service · Established:1990 by the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1990, §11502 (P.L. 101-508); extended by the American Jobs Creation Act of 2004, §301 (P.L. 108-357); expanded by the Energy Policy Act of 2005, §1347 (P.L. 109-58); amended by the Energy Improvement and Extension Act of 2008 (P.L. 110-343, Division B), §203 · Scheduled termination: December 31, 2010 · Description: The small ethanol producer credit is valued at 10 cents per gallon of ethanol produced. The credit may be claimed on the first 15 million gallons of ethanol produced by a small producer in a given year. · Qualified applicant: Any ethanol producer with production capacity below 60 million gallons per year ¢ ¡ http://www.irs.gov/publications/p510/ch02.html ¡ · Administered by: Internal Revenue Service · Established: 2005 by the American Jobs Creation Act of 2004, §302 (P.L. 108- 357); extended by the Energy Policy Act of 2005, §1344 (P.L. 109-58); amended by the Energy Improvement and Extension Act of 2008 (P.L. 110-343, Division B), §202-203 · Scheduled termination: December 31, 2009 · Description: Biodiesel producers (or producers of diesel/biodiesel blends) can claim a per-gallon tax credit. The credit is valued at $1.00 per gallon. Before amendment by P.L. 110-343, the credit was valued at $1.00 per gallon of "agri- biodiesel" (biodiesel produced from virgin agricultural products such as soybean oil or animal fats), or 50 cents per gallon of biodiesel produced from previously used agricultural products (e.g., recycled fryer grease). · Qualified applicant: Biodiesel producers and blenders ¡ http://www.irs.gov/publications/p510/ch02.html · Administered by: Internal Revenue Service · Established: 2005 by the Energy Policy Act of 2005, §1345 (P.L. 109-58); amended by the Energy Improvement and Extension Act of 2008 (P.L. 110-343, Division B), §202-203 · Scheduled termination: December 31, 2009 · Description: The small agri-biodiesel producer credit is valued at 10 cents per gallon of "agri-biodiesel" (see Biodiesel Tax Credit, above) produced. The credit may be claimed on the first 15 million gallons of ethanol produced by a small producer in a given year. · Qualified applicant: Any agri-biodiesel producer with production capacity below 60 million gallons per year ¡ http://www.irs.gov/publications/p510/ch02.html ¡ · Administered by: Internal Revenue Service ¢ · Established: 2005 by the Energy Policy Act of 2005, §1346 (P.L. 109-58); amended by the Energy Improvement and Extension Act of 2008 (P.L. 110-343, Division B), §202-203 · Scheduled termination: December 31, 2008 · Description: Producers of biomass-based diesel fuel made through a thermal depolymerization process (or producers of diesel/renewable biodiesel blends) can claim $1.00 per gallon tax credit. As defined by law, diesel fuel substitutes produced through thermal processes are not considered "biodiesel," and thus are ineligible for the biodiesel credits. · Qualified applicant: Renewable diesel producers and blenders ¡ http://www.irs.gov/publications/p510/ch02.html · Administered by: Internal Revenue Service · Established: January 1, 2009, by the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008, §15321 (P.L. 110-246) · Scheduled termination: December 31, 2012 · Description: Producers of cellulosic biofuel can claim $1.01 per gallon tax credit. For producers of cellulosic ethanol, the value of the credit is reduced by the amount of the volumetric ethanol excise tax credit and the small ethanol producer credit (see above)--currently, the value would be 40 cents per gallon. The credit applies to fuel produced after December 31, 2008. · Qualified applicant: Cellulosic biofuel producers · Note: The credit for cellulosic ethanol varies with other ethanol credits such that the total combined value of all credits is $1.01 per gallon. As the volumetric ethanol excise tax credit and/or the small ethanol producer credits decrease, the per-gallon credit for cellulosic ethanol production increases by the same amount. ¢ · Administered by: Internal Revenue Service · Established: 2006 by the Tax Relief and Health Care Act of 2006, §209 (P.L. 109- 432); amended by the Energy Improvement and Extension Act of 2008 (P.L. 110- 343, Division B), §201 · Scheduled termination: December 31, 2012 · Description: A taxpayer may take a depreciation deduction of 50% of the adjusted basis of a new cellulosic biofuel plant in the year it is put in service. Any portion of the cost financed through tax-exempt bonds is exempted from the ¢ depreciation allowance. Before amendment by P.L. 110-343, the accelerated depreciation applied only to cellulosic ethanol plants that break down cellulose through enzymatic processes--the amended provision applies to all cellulosic biofuel plants. · Qualified applicant: Any enzymatic cellulosic ethanol plant acquired after December 20, 2006, and placed in service before January 1, 2013. Any plant that had a binding contract for acquisition before December 20, 2006, does not qualify. · For more information: See Senate Finance Committee, Summary of House- Senate Agreement on Tax, Trade, Health, and Other Provisions, December 7, 2006. ¢ · Administered by: Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) · Annual funding: $100 million appropriated for FY2005, $60 million for FY2006; up to $150 million authorized annually for FY2004 through FY2006 · FY2008 budget request: $0 · Established: FY2001 in response to Executive Order 13134 (August 12, 1999) Developing and Promoting Biobased Products and Bioenergy, through CCC's general authority to conduct commodity programs; extended by the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002, §9010 (P.L. 107-171) · Termination: End of FY2006 · Description: The Bioenergy Program reimbursed ethanol and biodiesel producers for expanding their production capacity. Payments helped defray the purchase cost of the additional commodities needed for that expansion. The amount of each payment was based on the change in production capacity, as well as the number of applicants selected for funding. Eligible commodities included grain and oilseed crops (e.g. barley, corn, soybeans), cellulosic crops (e.g. switchgrass, rice hulls), animal fats, agricultural byproducts, and oils. For more information, see "Bioenergy Program for Advanced Biofuels," below. · Qualified applicant: Any ethanol or biodiesel producer who expanded production capacity ¢ ¢ ¢ ¢ · Administered by: Rural Business Cooperative Service · Annual funding: $23 million for all projects through FY2007, including biofuels projects; $36 million for FY2008 · FY2008 budget request: $34 million ¢ · Established: FY2003 by the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002, §9006 (P.L. 107-171); funding authorization for FY2007 reduced to $3 million by §1301 of the Deficit Reduction Act of 2005 (P.L. 109-171); full funding restored by FY2007 Continuing Resolution (P.L. 110-5) · Scheduled termination: End of FY2007 · Description: This program provides grants, loans, and loan guarantees for the development of renewable energy projects and energy efficiency improvements. The construction of a biofuel plant could be an eligible project. Grants are limited to 25% of the costs of the project; loans are limited to 50% of the cost of the project. · Qualified applicant: Farmers, ranchers, and rural small businesses http://www.rurdev.usda.gov · Administered by: Rural Business Cooperative Service · Annual funding: $15.5 million appropriated for FY2005; $20.5 million for FY2006; $20.3 million for FY2007; $18.9 million for FY2008 · FY2008 budget request: $15 million · Established: FY2001, expanded in FY2003 to include renewable energy projects by the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002, §6401 (P.L. 107-171); the Deficit Reduction Act of 2005, §1402 (P.L. 109-171), required that all previously appropriated funds unobligated by October 1, 2006 be returned to the Treasury · Scheduled termination: End of FY2007; but program has been continued · Description: VAPG provides grants to independent producers for the development of value-added agricultural activities, including biofuel production. The grants can be used for feasibility studies, the development of a business plan, or to acquire working capital to operate a value-added business. Grants are limited to $500,000 per recipient. · Qualified applicant: Independent producer, producer group, cooperative, or a majority-controlled producer-based business venture http://www.rurdev.usda.gov/rbs/coops/vadg.htm ¢ · Administered by: If funded, it would likely be administered by USDA's Rural Development Agency · Annual funding: $0 ¢ · Established: 2002 by the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002, §9003 (P.L. 107-171) · Scheduled termination: End of FY2007 · Description: This program was established by the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 (P.L. 107-171); however, no funding has been provided. If funded, the program would provide grants for the development and construction of biorefineries, including those that produce biofuels. · Qualified applicant: Virtually any non-federal entity (including a national laboratory) or group of entities that plans to build a biorefinery · For more information: N/A ¢ · Administered by: Rural Business Cooperative Service · Annual funding: Approximately $1 billion in loans are guaranteed annually · Scheduled termination: None · Description: This program provides guarantees for up to 90% of a loan made by a commercial lender. Loan proceeds may be used for working capital, machinery and equipment, buildings and real estate, and certain types of debt refinancing. · Qualified applicant: Virtually any legal entity. http://www.rurdev.usda.gov/rbs/busp/b&i_gar.htm · Administered by: Rural Business Cooperative Service · Annual funding: Approximately $40 million in each of FY2005 through FY2007; $38.7 million for FY2008 · Scheduled termination: None · Description: RBEG provides grants to finance and facilitate development of small and emerging private rural business enterprises. The grant is awarded to a third party to assist a business; grant funds do not go directly to the business. · Qualified applicant: Public bodies, private nonprofit corporations, and federally recognized Indian Tribal groups. http://www.rurdev.usda.gov/rbs/busp/rbeg.htm The following programs within the Rural Business Cooperative Service could possibly be used to assist biofuels producers indirectly: ¢ · Rural Economic Development Loan Program; · Rural Development Loan Program; · Rural Economic Development Grants. In addition to new tax and tariff provisions, the 2008 Farm Bill also established several new biofuels incentive programs. Funding for these programs has yet to be appropriated. ¢ · Administered by: To be determined · Annual funding: $75 million in mandatory funding for FY2009, and $245 million in FY2010 for loan guarantees, plus $150 million authorized annually for FY2009 through FY2012--appropriations pending · Established: 2008 by the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008, §9001 (P.L. 110-246) · Scheduled termination: End of FY2012 · Description: Loan guarantees and grants for the construction and retrofitting of biorefineries to produce advanced biofuels. · Qualified applicant: Individual, entity, Indian tribe, or unit of State or local government, including a corporation, farm cooperative, farmer cooperative organization, association of agricultural producers, National Laboratory, institution of higher education, rural electric cooperative, public power entity, or consortium of any of those entities. · Administered by: To be determined · Annual funding: $35 million in mandatory funding for FY2009, to remain available until expended, plus $15 million authorized annually for FY2009 through FY2012--appropriations pending · Established: 2008 by the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008, §9001 (P.L. 110-246) · Scheduled termination: End of FY2012 · Description: Grants to biorefineries that use renewable biomass to reduce or eliminate fossil fuel use. · Qualified applicant: Biorefineries in existence at the date of enactment. ¢ · Administered by: To be determined ¢ · Annual funding: Mandatory funding of $55 million for FY2009, $55 million for FY2010, $85 million for FY2011, and $105 million for FY2012, plus $25 million authorized annually for FY2009-FY2012--appropriations pending · Established: 2008 by the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008, §9001 (P.L. 110-246) · Scheduled termination: End of FY2012 · Description: Provides payments to producers to support and expand production of advanced biofuels. · Qualified applicant: Producer of advanced biofuels ¡¢ · Administered by: Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) · Annual funding: Such sums as necessary are authorized to be appropriated-- appropriations pending · Established: 2008 by the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008, §9001 (P.L. 110-246) · Scheduled termination: None · Description: Authorizes the use of CCC funds to purchase surplus sugar, to ensure the sugar program operates at no-net-cost, to be resold as a biomass feedstock to produce bioenergy. · Qualified applicant: Producer of biofuels using eligible sugar as a feedstock · Administered by: Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) · Annual funding: Such sums as necessary are authorized to be appropriated for FY2008 through FY2012--appropriations pending · Established: 2008 by the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008, §9001 (P.L. 110-246) · Scheduled termination: End of FY2012 · Description: Encourages biomass production or biomass conversion facility construction with contracts that will enable producers to receive financial assistance for crop establishment costs and annual payments for biomass production. Producers must be within economically practicable distance from a biomass facility. Also provides payments to eligible entities to assist with costs for collection, harvest, storage, and transportation to a biomass conversion facility. · Qualified applicant: Owner or operator of contract acreage that is physically located within a BCAP project area ¢ ¢ · Administered by: National Biomass Coordination Office (a joint DOE-USDA program) · Annual funding: $14 million per year through FY2007 ($12 million in FY2006); $11 million for FY2008 · FY2008 budget request: $12 million · Established: FY2001 by the Biomass Research and Development Act of 2000, §307 (P.L. 106-224); program extended and mandatory appropriations provided bythe Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002, §9008 (P.L. 107-171); program extended and funding authorization expanded by the Energy Policy Act of 2005, §941 (P.L. 109-58)--currently authorized at $200 million per year · Scheduled termination: End of FY2015 · Description: Grants are provided for biomass research, development, and demonstration projects. Eligible projects include ethanol and biodiesel demonstration plants. · Qualified applicant: Wide range of possible applicants http://www.brdisolutions.com/default.aspx ¢ · Administered by: Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy · Annual funding: For FY2008, $186 million appropriated for the biomass program--not all of this funding will go toward biorefinery project grants · FY2008 budget request: $179 million for entire biomass program · Established: FY2001 through funding authorized in various statutes · Scheduled termination: None · Description: This program provides funds for cooperative biomass research and development for the production of fuels, electric power, chemicals, and other products. · Qualified applicant: Varies from year to year, depending on program goals in a given year ¢ http://www.eere.energy.gov/biomass/ ¢ · Administered by: DOE · Annual funding: Not specified · FY2008 budget request: $0 · Established: 2005 by the Energy Policy Act of 2005, §§1510, 1511, and 1516 (P.L. 109-58) · Scheduled termination: Varies, depending on specific program · Description: The Energy Policy Act of 2005 authorizes several programs to provide loan guarantees for the construction of facilities that produce ethanol and other commercial products from cellulosic material, municipal solid waste, or sugar cane. · Qualified applicant: Private lending institutions, to guarantee loans for the construction of biofuels plants · Administered by: DOE · Annual funding: $5.3 million for administrative expenses; authority for $38.5 billion in loan guarantees for energy projects in FY2008, including $10 billion for renewable energy and energy efficiency · FY2008 budget request: $2 million for administrative expenses · Established: 2005 by the Energy Policy Act of 2005, Title XVII (P.L. 109-58) · Scheduled termination: Not specified · Description: Title XVII of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 authorizes DOE to provide loan guarantees for energy projects that reduce air pollutant and greenhouse gas emissions, including biofuels projects. · Qualified applicant: Private lending institutions, to guarantee loans for clean energy projects. http://www.lgprogram.energy.gov/ · Administered by: DOE · Annual funding: $25 million total authorized for all fiscal years · FY2008 budget request: None ¢ · Established: 2005 by the Energy Policy Act of 2005, §942 (P.L. 109-58) · Scheduled termination: Not specified · Description: Section 942 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 authorizes DOE to provide per-gallon incentive payments for cellulosic biofuels until annual U.S. production reaches 1 billion gallons or 2015, whichever is earlier. DOE accepted comments on the program through July 14, 2006; DOE has yet to promulgate regulations. · Qualified applicant: Any U.S. cellulosic biofuel production facility that meets applicable permitting requirements, as well as any financial requirements set by DOE. ¢ · Administered by: U.S. Customs and Border Protection · Annual funding: N/A · Established: 1980 by the Omnibus Reconciliation Act of 1980 (P.L. 96-499); amended by the Tax Reform Act of 1986, §423 (P.L. 99-514) extended by the Tax Relief and Health Care Act of 2006, §302 (P.L. 109-432); further extended by the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008, §15333 (P.L. 110-246) · Scheduled termination: December 31, 2010 · Description: A 2.5% ad valorem tariff and a most-favored-nation duty of $0.54 per gallon of ethanol (for fuel use) applies to imports into the United States from most countries; most ethanol from Caribbean Basin Initiative (CBI) countries may be imported duty-free. · Covered Entities: Fuel ethanol importers · For more information: CRS Report RS21930, Ethanol Imports and the Caribbean Basin Initiative (CBI), by Brent D. 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Yacobucci .SRC :ecruoS )snoitpecxe emos htiw( nollag rep stnec 45 fo ytud dedda noitan -derovaf-tsom a ot tcejbus osla si lonahte leuf ;ffirat lonahtE noitcetorP merolav da %5.2 a ot tcejbus leuF rof redroB dna 0102 fo dnE A/N 994-69 .L.P si lonahte detropmi llA ytuD tropmI smotsuC .S.U sleufoiB etad ot srecudorp leufoib cisolullec cisolulleC 5102 noitairporppa 249§ ot stnemyap nollag-rep rof sevitnecnI ,8 tsuguA oN 85-901 .L.P edivorp ot EOD sezirohtuA noitcudorP ycneiciffe ygrene stcejorp dna ygrene sleufoib gnidulcni ,snoissime elbawener rof sag esuohneerg dna tnatullop margorP ytirohtua naol IIVX eltiT ria ecuder taht stcejorp eetnarauG enoN ni noillib 01$ 85-901 .L.P ygrene rof seetnaraug naoL naoL EOD etaD noitairporppA noitalsigeL noitpircseD margorP ycnegA noitaripxE 8002YF gnizirohtuA gniretsinimdA lanigirO ¢ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ For other versions of this document, see http://wikileaks.org/wiki/CRS-R40110