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Viewing cable 09PRETORIA245, SOUTH AFRICAN ENVIRONMENT, SCIENCE, AND TECHNOLOGY MONTHLY
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Reference ID | Created | Released | Classification | Origin |
---|---|---|---|---|
09PRETORIA245 | 2009-02-09 13:51 | 2011-08-24 01:00 | UNCLASSIFIED | Embassy Pretoria |
VZCZCXRO6291
RR RUEHBZ RUEHDU RUEHJO RUEHMR RUEHRN
DE RUEHSA #0245/01 0401351
ZNR UUUUU ZZH
R 091351Z FEB 09
FM AMEMBASSY PRETORIA
TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC 7286
RUCNSAD/SOUTHERN AF DEVELOPMENT COMMUNITY COLLECTIVE
INFO RUEHTN/AMCONSUL CAPE TOWN 6535
RUEHDU/AMCONSUL DURBAN 0658
RUEHJO/AMCONSUL JOHANNESBURG 8879
UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 05 PRETORIA 000245
DEPT FOR OES/PCI, OES/ENV, AND AF/S
DEPT PASS EPA/OIA,
SIPDIS
E.O. 12958: N/A
TAGS: SENV SOCI ETRD SF
SUBJECT: SOUTH AFRICAN ENVIRONMENT, SCIENCE, AND TECHNOLOGY MONTHLY
BRIEFINGS, JANUARY 2009
PRETORIA 00000245 001.2 OF 005
¶1. (U) Summary: This is the South African Environment, Science and
Technology Monthly Briefings Newsletter, January 2009, Volume 4,
Number 1, prepared by the U.S. Embassy Pretoria, South Africa.
Topics of the newsletter:
-- NATIONAL SPACE AGENCY BILL PASSED INTO LAW
-- SOUTH AFRICA CELEBRATES INTERNATIONLA YEAR OF ASTRONOMY 2009
-- DWAF ACTS TO PREVENT WATER SUPPLY SHORTAGES
-- CAPE TOWN MAKES PROGRESS IN RECYCLING
-- GOVERNMENT DENIES LAND RIGHTS TO KRUGER COMMUNITIES
-- SOUTH AFRICA UNLIKELY TO REACH GHG EMISSION TARGETS
-- UNILEVER COMPANY ABANDONS THE HOODIA PLANT INITIATIVE
-- RHINO POACHING SYNDICATE NABBED
-- LOCAL COUNCIL DISPUTES NUMBER OF DEAD FISH FOUND IN RIVER
-- KRUGER NATIONAL PARK RIVERS TEST POSITIVE FOR CHOLERA
-- SHARK SPOTTING A HIT WITH TOURISTS
-- CAPE WHALES FACE NEW THREAT
-- GERMAN GOVERNMENT SUSPENDS SOUTHERN OCEAN EXPERIMENT
-- NEW RADARS WILL HELP PREDICT STORM DANGERS
-- MONTHLY FACTOID
------------------------------------------
National Space Agency Bill Passed into Law
------------------------------------------
¶2. (U) South African President Kgalema Motlanthe signed a law
establishing the South African National Space Agency (NSA), which
will regulate South African space-related activities. Department of
Science and Technology Minister Mosebudi Mangena emphasized that
space activity plays a significant role in modern day economies,
noting that satellite images are used for minerals prospecting, city
planning, precision farming, and weather predictions. Mangena said
South Africa was already spending over R600 million ($60 million)
per year on space-related operations. The date for formal
establishment of the NSA has not been specified; media reports
speculate it would be before the end of the year. South Africa
operates two civilian satellites, the SunSat, which is already in
orbit, and the Sumbandilasat, which is yet to be launched.
Sumbandilasat is expected to be launched in March.
-------------------------------------
South Africa Celebrates International
Year of Astronomy 2009
-------------------------------------
¶3. (U) Minister of Science and Technology Mosebudi Mangena launched
the International Year of Astronomy (IYA) in January 2009. IYA, a
year-long celebration of astronomical studies and activities,
coincides with the 400th anniversary of Galileo's first recorded
astronomical observation, and Johannes Kepler's first publication of
the fundamental laws of planetary motions in "The Astronomic Nova"
in 1609. "South Africa's involvement in classical western astronomy
formally started in 1685, 76 years after Galileo made the first
telescopic observation," remarked Mangena, when a temporary
observatory was established in Cape Town. Observatories,
planetariums, and science centers countrywide would have astronomy
activities for young students as part of the year-long celebration.
Cape Town Astronomical Observatory plans to assist African countries
which did not have observatories or university astronomy
departments.
-------------------------------------------
DWAF Acts to Prevent Water Supply Shortages
-------------------------------------------
¶4. (U) Minister of Water Affairs and Forestry (DWAF) Lindiwe
Hendricks announced in January the development of the R7.3 billion
($730 million) Lesotho Highlands Water Project, a project that will
augment the Vaal River System. The Vaal River System is one of the
Qaugment the Vaal River System. The Vaal River System is one of the
most important water resources of South Africa and supplies sixty
percent of the country's economy and forty percent of the
population, including the entire province of Gauteng. Widespread
media reports in 2008 raised concerns regarding water shortages in
Gauteng by 2013. Farmers, industries, municipalities and mines are
PRETORIA 00000245 002.2 OF 005
all accused of water theft and pollution. Media reports indicate
that about 180 million cubic meters of water is lost to theft from
farmers per year. The Minister said DWAF was taking action to deal
with the water shortage, and had issued directives to the farmers to
stop water theft. Eighty cases have been brought to court.
Hendricks also said that DWAF has set aside R550 million ($50.5
million) to work with municipalities to improve sewage water
treatment plants along the Vaal River.
-------------------------------------------
Cape Town Makes Progress in Waste Recycling
-------------------------------------------
¶5. (U) Cape Town Solid Waste Department Head of Waste Minimization
Alison Davidson announced the success of a major recycling program.
The city has conducted numerous waste recycling pilot programs in
the past few years; most were not successful. The new project has
drop off points for glass, metal, paper and garden waste at
strategic points of the city. Davidson said companies are now
buying back recyclable materials and have established their own
strategic collection points to maximize collection efficiency. The
program targets high density areas and encourages residents and
property managers to set up recycling programs. The number of
garbage bins carrying mixed waste in the areas has decreased under
the program. Cape Town plans to measure its success rate by the
volumes of cubic meter space at the landfill site.
--------------------------------
Government Denies Land Rights to
Kruger Park Communities
--------------------------------
¶6. (U) The South African government decided not to restore land
rights to claimant communities in the world-famous Kruger National
Park (KNP) because the park is considered to be an international and
national asset. This action will settle long-standing land claims
by communities in the area. The Directors General of the
Departments of Environmental Affairs and Tourism (DEAT) and Land
Affairs (DAL) told local communities that the government will
provide them with equitable redress, which could include awarding
alternative land and/or financial compensation. Other benefits
could include guaranteed access to ancestral/traditional sites and
graves on agreed-upon calendar dates; preferential procurement; jobs
and business opportunities; youth development; acknowledgement of
local history in selecting names for facilities; and establishment
of a visitor's levy and a Community Trust Fund. Although some
community leaders welcomed these proposals, others were unhappy
about the loss of title to the land. DEAT and DLA and the South
African National Parks (SANParks) will continue to engage the
claimant communities in discussions to try and resolve outstanding
disagreements.
------------------------------
South Africa Unlikely to Reach
GHG Emission Reduction Target
------------------------------
¶7. (U) Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism (DEAT) Air
Quality Management and Climate Change Chief Peter Lukey emphasized
that South Africa will not reach its greenhouse gas (GHG) emission
targets unless South Africans change their attitudes towards energy
use. He cautioned that new technologies would be effective to lower
carbon emissions only if coupled with people's change in energy
usage. Lukey provided details about South Africa's Long Term
Mitigation Scenario (LTMS), a multi-stakeholder research process
QMitigation Scenario (LTMS), a multi-stakeholder research process
which examines GHG emission reduction scenarios for South Africa.
The LTMS process documents all currently available interventions
such as bio-fuels, renewable energies, solar power, and fuel
efficiency models. Continuing at current economic growth rates
without energy use changes would increase the country's carbon
emissions fourfold by 2050. Lukey noted that the government request
for a 15 percent reduction in energy use had been met with only a
three percent reduction. He also commented that the government's
poor response to recent power shortages indicated a lack of
commitment to be more energy efficient.
-----------------------------
Unilever Company Abandons the
Hoodia Plant Initiative
-----------------------------
¶8. (U) Unilever has abandoned plans to develop weight-loss products
based on South Africa's indigenous Hoodia Gordonii plant, dashing
the local San community's hopes that it would profit from the
succulent. Unilever had invested over $29 million in research on
the plant over four years, in partnership with British company
PRETORIA 00000245 003.2 OF 005
Phytopharm and South Africa's Council for Scientific and Industrial
Research (CSIR). Unilever spokesperson Trevor Gorin said that
although hoodia had been traditionally used by San and Khoi hunters
to suppress hunger and thirst during extended hunting expeditions,
it might not be safe or effective for dieters. He noted that hoodia
has potentially dangerous side effects, including increased blood
pressure. Unilever researchers also found that hoodia had little or
no impact upon the calorie consumption of participants. Unilever
has returned the development rights to Phytopharm. Phytopharm's
Functional Foods Chief Simon MacWilliam is adamant that hoodia might
still have potential as a commercial weight-management aide, and is
seeking new partners to continue with the development and marketing
of hoodia.
-------------------------------------
Local Council Disputes Number of Dead
Fish Found in River
-------------------------------------
¶9. (U) Raw sewage seeping from malfunctioning Emfuleni Municipality
sewage works began flowing into the Vaal River in November. Save
the Vaal Environment (SAVE) Chairperson Lotter Wepener said twenty
tons of rotting dead fish had been removed from the river since the
beginning of January. Emfuleni Acting Chief Director of Water and
Sanitation Cecil Schreuder disputed that amount and said the
municipality would do its own tests. Wepener believes that raw
sewage continues to run into the Riet, Loch and Vaal rivers. Rand
Water has assured Johannesburg residents that their drinking water
remains safe as it is sourced from the Vaal Dam. There are also
concerns that water at the Sasol One Unit in Sasolburg might contain
low-level traces of e-coli.
-------------------------------
Rhino Poaching Syndicate Nabbed
-------------------------------
¶10. (U) Eleven people alleged to be part of a rhino poaching
syndicate have been arrested following a joint operation by
SANParks, the South African Police Service (SAPS), the Mpumalanga,
Limpopo, and NorthWest provincial organized crime units, and the
Gauteng Province Task Team. Five Mozambicans, three Chinese based
in South Africa, and two South Africans were arrested for poaching.
The sporadic slaughter of rhinos in Mpumalanga, Limpopo and
Northwest prompted the provincial crime units to combine their
efforts.
--------------------------------
Kruger National Park Rivers Test
Positive for Cholera
--------------------------------
¶11. (U) SANParks Spokesman Raymond Travers reports that few Kruger
Park rivers have tested positive for cholera. He added that park
visitors and workers need not worry about contracting cholera in the
park because the park has adequate sanitation facilities. The park
straddles the provinces of Mpumalanga and Limpopo, which have
treated the highest percentage of the 3,000 f people with the
disease in the country. Tests were being conducted on all rivers in
the park to monitor the situation. Travers added, "There is no need
for visitors to worry or bring bottled water, the park's tap water
is safe to drink." He also noted that the animals are not affected
by the contamination.
----------------------------------
Shark Spotting a Hit with Tourists
----------------------------------
¶12. (U) Cape Town shark spotters are becoming a tourist attraction
in addition to keeping the beaches safe for swimmers. Cape Town
Qin addition to keeping the beaches safe for swimmers. Cape Town
Head of Environmental Policy and Strategy Gregg Oeofse says the
shark-spotting program is the only one of its kind in the world.
The program has prevented shark attacks by providing nearly 450
early warnings in the past four years. The program was begun in
2004 after a shark bit off a swimmer's leg, and the number of
spotters was increased a few months later when a great white shark
killed a Fish Hoek beach swimmer. There have been no shark attacks
since 2004 at any beaches where shark spotters have been on duty.
Shark spotter Eric Myeko says he is a celebrity now, noting "people
go to our website and see our photographs. When they arrive, some
ask for us by name." In peak season, there are spotters at Clovelly
Corner, Glencairn, St. James, Fish Hoek, Muizenberg, Noordhoek,
Strand Pavilion, Blue Water, Mnandi and Monwabisi beaches.
---------------------------
Cape Whales Face New Threat
---------------------------
PRETORIA 00000245 004.2 OF 005
¶13. (U) Western Cape environmentalists have objected to PetroSA
plans for a new liquid gas mooring facility in a known
whale-breeding site near Mossel Bay. Mossel Bay, a favorite
stopping point for migrating whales, is one of the Cape's last
pristine marine areas. Rescue Vleesbai Chair Mareo Bekker said
"PetroSA's facility is ill-conceived, short-sighted and
environmentally damaging." Coastal ecologist Allan Heydorn said
noise and pollution from the plant will affect whales and dolphins,
and possibly subject them to entanglement in underwater cables. He
added that a fire or explosion would have "catastrophic long-term
consequences." He noted that "either slow or insidious pollution
and littering or a catastrophic event will place the entire
inter-and sub-tidal ecosystem and near shore marine food webs at
risk."
¶14. (U) PetroSA spokesman Thabo Msabo said the project would bring
in R428 million ($43.2 million) annually and insure 2,000 jobs. He
noted that that gas reserves off Mossel Bay are dwindling and that
to prevent plant closures, PetroSA must bring in additional
supplies. Most of the gas will be used to power Eskom's Gourikwa
power station which was expanded in 2008. Critics complain that
PetroSA has bypassed the Environmental Impact Assessment process and
has already entered into contracts for the supply of gas and to
construct the plant.
-----------------------------------
German Government Suspends Southern
Ocean Experiment
-----------------------------------
¶15. (U) The German government suspended all operations involving
Lohafex, an Indo-German iron fertilization experiment scheduled to
be conducted in the Southern Ocean. The German icebreaker
Polarstern left Cape Town in early January with forty-eight
scientists who had planned to fertilize an ocean patch measuring 300
square kilometers with twenty tons of dissolved iron sulphate to
encourage algae bloom on the Scotia Sea near Antarctica. Their
theory was that the bloom would absorb carbon dioxide and reduce
greenhouse gases. CSIR Head of Ocean System and Climate Group Dr.
Pedro Monterio said South Africa should continue to play a major
role in ocean fertilization despite the suspension of this project.
Monterio believes that these projects "remain essential" to
understanding the risks involved. He commented that, "Even though
Polarstern is the largest experiment, it is still insignificantly
small in terms of the carbon fluxes in the Southern Ocean."
¶16. (U) Greenpeace Senior Scientist Dr. David Santillo said, "We're
deeply concerned about this project because we don't feel that
attempts to manipulate the ocean ecosystem on a massive scale will
constitute a sustainable approach to mitigating climate change. It
would actually make matters worse." Environmental groups noted that
the expedition was contrary to the Convention on Biodiversity which
restricts experiments to small scale projects in coastal waters.
Santillo notes that this project "is neither small scale nor in
coastal waters." He added that the project could 'result in
large-scale and long-term adverse impacts on ocean ecosystems -
impacts which may be even harder to mitigate against."
------------------------------------------
New Radars Will Help Predict Storm Dangers
------------------------------------------
¶17. (U) The South Africa Weather Service (SAWS) announced plans to
install advanced equipment to predict thunderstorms and tornados
Qinstall advanced equipment to predict thunderstorms and tornados
across South Africa over the next three years. Outdated equipment
will be replaced with new Doppler radars, the type used in the U.S.
Chief Forecaster Kevin Rae said SAWS plans to "completely redo radar
systems across the country." There will be staggered installation
of Doppler radars in Joburg, Cape Town, Port Elizabeth and Durban.
New Radar Network Project Manager Georgie George said that radars
could determine how much water clouds contain and the direction they
are moving which is important in pinpointing the location of
tornados.
The major challenge is how to get the information to people in time,
especially in the rural areas. George said there would be about a
30-minute warning time before a tornado would strike. Rae added
that "one pilot project is working with a short-term insurer to
relay short messages in specific areas where severe weather is
predicted." He said SAWS is also looking at "improved formal
relationships" with cell phone providers to send messages to people
in affected areas. He added, "It is a matter of willpower to get
these things off the ground; the commercial bottom line has to be
overlooked to get warnings out for the good of the public."
---------------
Monthly Factoid
---------------
¶18. (U) The Republic of South Africa takes up an area of 1,221,037
square kilometers - equal to the combined land mass of Germany,
PRETORIA 00000245 005.2 OF 005
Italy and France. The coastline stretches for some 2.954
kilometers, with many beautiful beaches and wonderful sea views.
La Lime