

Currently released so far... 51122 / 251,287
Articles
Brazil
Sri Lanka
United Kingdom
Sweden
00. Editorial
United States
Latin America
Egypt
Jordan
Yemen
Thailand
Browse latest releases
2010/12/01
2010/12/02
2010/12/03
2010/12/04
2010/12/05
2010/12/06
2010/12/07
2010/12/08
2010/12/09
2010/12/10
2010/12/11
2010/12/12
2010/12/13
2010/12/14
2010/12/15
2010/12/16
2010/12/17
2010/12/18
2010/12/19
2010/12/20
2010/12/21
2010/12/22
2010/12/23
2010/12/24
2010/12/25
2010/12/26
2010/12/27
2010/12/28
2010/12/29
2010/12/30
2011/01/01
2011/01/02
2011/01/04
2011/01/05
2011/01/07
2011/01/09
2011/01/11
2011/01/12
2011/01/13
2011/01/14
2011/01/15
2011/01/16
2011/01/17
2011/01/18
2011/01/19
2011/01/20
2011/01/21
2011/01/22
2011/01/23
2011/01/24
2011/01/25
2011/01/26
2011/01/27
2011/01/28
2011/01/29
2011/01/30
2011/01/31
2011/02/01
2011/02/02
2011/02/03
2011/02/04
2011/02/05
2011/02/06
2011/02/07
2011/02/08
2011/02/09
2011/02/10
2011/02/11
2011/02/12
2011/02/13
2011/02/14
2011/02/15
2011/02/16
2011/02/17
2011/02/18
2011/02/19
2011/02/20
2011/02/21
2011/02/22
2011/02/23
2011/02/24
2011/02/25
2011/02/26
2011/02/27
2011/02/28
2011/03/01
2011/03/02
2011/03/03
2011/03/04
2011/03/05
2011/03/06
2011/03/07
2011/03/08
2011/03/09
2011/03/10
2011/03/11
2011/03/13
2011/03/14
2011/03/15
2011/03/16
2011/03/17
2011/03/18
2011/03/19
2011/03/20
2011/03/21
2011/03/22
2011/03/23
2011/03/24
2011/03/25
2011/03/26
2011/03/27
2011/03/28
2011/03/29
2011/03/30
2011/03/31
2011/04/01
2011/04/02
2011/04/03
2011/04/04
2011/04/05
2011/04/06
2011/04/07
2011/04/08
2011/04/09
2011/04/10
2011/04/11
2011/04/12
2011/04/13
2011/04/14
2011/04/15
2011/04/16
2011/04/17
2011/04/18
2011/04/19
2011/04/20
2011/04/21
2011/04/22
2011/04/23
2011/04/24
2011/04/25
2011/04/26
2011/04/27
2011/04/28
2011/04/29
2011/04/30
2011/05/01
2011/05/02
2011/05/03
2011/05/04
2011/05/05
2011/05/06
2011/05/07
2011/05/08
2011/05/09
2011/05/10
2011/05/11
2011/05/12
2011/05/13
2011/05/14
2011/05/15
2011/05/16
2011/05/17
2011/05/18
2011/05/19
2011/05/20
2011/05/21
2011/05/22
2011/05/23
2011/05/24
2011/05/25
2011/05/26
2011/05/27
2011/05/28
2011/05/29
2011/05/30
2011/05/31
2011/06/01
2011/06/02
2011/06/03
2011/06/04
2011/06/05
2011/06/06
2011/06/07
2011/06/08
2011/06/09
2011/06/10
2011/06/11
2011/06/12
2011/06/13
2011/06/14
2011/06/15
2011/06/16
2011/06/17
2011/06/18
2011/06/19
2011/06/20
2011/06/21
2011/06/22
2011/06/23
2011/06/24
2011/06/25
2011/06/26
2011/06/27
2011/06/28
2011/06/29
2011/06/30
2011/07/01
2011/07/02
2011/07/04
2011/07/05
2011/07/06
2011/07/07
2011/07/08
2011/07/10
2011/07/11
2011/07/12
2011/07/13
2011/07/14
2011/07/15
2011/07/16
2011/07/17
2011/07/18
2011/07/19
2011/07/20
2011/07/21
2011/07/22
2011/07/23
2011/07/25
2011/07/27
2011/07/28
2011/07/29
2011/07/31
2011/08/01
2011/08/02
2011/08/03
2011/08/05
2011/08/06
2011/08/07
2011/08/08
2011/08/09
2011/08/10
2011/08/11
2011/08/12
2011/08/13
2011/08/15
2011/08/16
2011/08/17
2011/08/18
2011/08/19
2011/08/21
2011/08/22
2011/08/23
2011/08/24
Browse by creation date
Browse by origin
Embassy Athens
Embassy Asuncion
Embassy Astana
Embassy Asmara
Embassy Ashgabat
Embassy Apia
Embassy Antananarivo
Embassy Ankara
Embassy Amman
Embassy Algiers
Embassy Addis Ababa
Embassy Accra
Embassy Abuja
Embassy Abu Dhabi
Embassy Abidjan
Consulate Auckland
Consulate Amsterdam
Consulate Alexandria
Consulate Adana
American Institute Taiwan, Taipei
Embasy Bonn
Embassy Bujumbura
Embassy Buenos Aires
Embassy Budapest
Embassy Bucharest
Embassy Brussels
Embassy Bridgetown
Embassy Brazzaville
Embassy Bratislava
Embassy Brasilia
Embassy Bogota
Embassy Bishkek
Embassy Bern
Embassy Berlin
Embassy Belmopan
Embassy Belgrade
Embassy Beirut
Embassy Beijing
Embassy Banjul
Embassy Bangui
Embassy Bangkok
Embassy Bandar Seri Begawan
Embassy Bamako
Embassy Baku
Embassy Baghdad
Consulate Belfast
Consulate Barcelona
Embassy Cotonou
Embassy Copenhagen
Embassy Conakry
Embassy Colombo
Embassy Chisinau
Embassy Caracas
Embassy Canberra
Embassy Cairo
Consulate Curacao
Consulate Ciudad Juarez
Consulate Chiang Mai
Consulate Chennai
Consulate Chengdu
Consulate Casablanca
Consulate Cape Town
Consulate Calgary
Embassy Dushanbe
Embassy Dublin
Embassy Doha
Embassy Djibouti
Embassy Dili
Embassy Dhaka
Embassy Dar Es Salaam
Embassy Damascus
Embassy Dakar
DIR FSINFATC
Consulate Dusseldorf
Consulate Durban
Consulate Dubai
Consulate Dhahran
Embassy Guatemala
Embassy Grenada
Embassy Georgetown
Embassy Gaborone
Consulate Guayaquil
Consulate Guangzhou
Consulate Guadalajara
Embassy Helsinki
Embassy Harare
Embassy Hanoi
Consulate Hong Kong
Consulate Ho Chi Minh City
Consulate Hermosillo
Consulate Hamilton
Consulate Hamburg
Consulate Halifax
Embassy Kyiv
Embassy Kuwait
Embassy Kuala Lumpur
Embassy Kolonia
Embassy Kinshasa
Embassy Kingston
Embassy Kigali
Embassy Khartoum
Embassy Kathmandu
Embassy Kampala
Embassy Kabul
Consulate Krakow
Consulate Kolkata
Consulate Karachi
Embassy Luxembourg
Embassy Lusaka
Embassy Luanda
Embassy London
Embassy Lome
Embassy Ljubljana
Embassy Lisbon
Embassy Lima
Embassy Lilongwe
Embassy Libreville
Embassy La Paz
Consulate Leipzig
Consulate Lahore
Consulate Lagos
Mission USOSCE
Mission USNATO
Mission UNESCO
Mission Geneva
Embassy Muscat
Embassy Moscow
Embassy Montevideo
Embassy Monrovia
Embassy Mogadishu
Embassy Minsk
Embassy Mexico
Embassy Mbabane
Embassy Maseru
Embassy Maputo
Embassy Manila
Embassy Manama
Embassy Managua
Embassy Malabo
Embassy Madrid
Consulate Munich
Consulate Mumbai
Consulate Montreal
Consulate Monterrey
Consulate Milan
Consulate Merida
Consulate Melbourne
Consulate Matamoros
Consulate Marseille
Embassy Nouakchott
Embassy Nicosia
Embassy Niamey
Embassy New Delhi
Embassy Ndjamena
Embassy Nassau
Embassy Nairobi
Consulate Nuevo Laredo
Consulate Naples
Consulate Naha
Consulate Nagoya
Embassy Pristina
Embassy Pretoria
Embassy Praia
Embassy Prague
Embassy Port Of Spain
Embassy Port Moresby
Embassy Port Louis
Embassy Port Au Prince
Embassy Podgorica
Embassy Phnom Penh
Embassy Paris
Embassy Paramaribo
Embassy Panama
Consulate Peshawar
REO Hillah
REO Basrah
Embassy Rome
Embassy Riyadh
Embassy Riga
Embassy Reykjavik
Embassy Rangoon
Embassy Rabat
Consulate Rio De Janeiro
Consulate Recife
Secretary of State
Embassy Suva
Embassy Stockholm
Embassy Sofia
Embassy Skopje
Embassy Singapore
Embassy Seoul
Embassy Sarajevo
Embassy Santo Domingo
Embassy Santiago
Embassy Sanaa
Embassy San Salvador
Embassy San Jose
Consulate Surabaya
Consulate Strasbourg
Consulate St Petersburg
Consulate Shenyang
Consulate Shanghai
Consulate Sapporo
Consulate Sao Paulo
Embassy Tunis
Embassy Tripoli
Embassy Tokyo
Embassy Tirana
Embassy The Hague
Embassy Tel Aviv
Embassy Tehran
Embassy Tegucigalpa
Embassy Tbilisi
Embassy Tashkent
Embassy Tallinn
Consulate Toronto
Consulate Tijuana
Consulate Thessaloniki
USUN New York
USMISSION USTR GENEVA
USEU Brussels
US Office Almaty
US Mission Geneva
US Mission CD Geneva
US Interests Section Havana
US Delegation, Secretary
UNVIE
UN Rome
Embassy Ulaanbaatar
Embassy Vilnius
Embassy Vientiane
Embassy Vienna
Embassy Vatican
Embassy Valletta
Consulate Vladivostok
Consulate Vancouver
Browse by tag
AMGT
ASEC
AEMR
AR
APECO
AU
AORC
ADANA
AJ
AF
AFIN
AMED
AS
AM
ABLD
AFFAIRS
AMB
APER
ACOA
AND
AA
AE
AADP
AID
AO
AL
AG
AORD
ADM
AINF
AINT
ASEAN
AORG
ABT
APEC
AY
ASUP
ARF
AGOA
AVIAN
ATRN
ANET
AGIT
ASECVE
ABUD
AODE
ALOW
ADB
AN
ADPM
ASPA
ARABL
AFSN
AZ
AC
AIAG
AFSI
ASCE
ASIG
ACABQ
ADIP
AFGHANISTAN
AROC
ADCO
ACOTA
ANARCHISTS
AMEDCASCKFLO
AK
ARABBL
ASCH
ANTITERRORISM
AGRICULTURE
AOCR
ARR
ASSEMBLY
AORCYM
AFPK
ACKM
AGMT
AEC
APRC
AIN
AFPREL
ASFC
ASECTH
AFSA
AINR
AOPC
AFAF
AFARI
AX
ASECAF
ASECAFIN
AT
AFZAL
APCS
AGAO
AIT
ARCH
AEMRASECCASCKFLOMARRPRELPINRAMGTJMXL
AMEX
ARM
AQ
ATFN
AMBASSADOR
AORCD
AVIATION
ARAS
AINFCY
ACBAQ
AOPR
AREP
AOIC
ASEX
ASEK
AER
AGR
AMCT
AVERY
APR
AEMRS
AFU
AMG
ATPDEA
ASECKFRDCVISKIRFPHUMSMIGEG
AORL
ACS
AMCHAMS
AECL
AUC
ACAO
BA
BR
BB
BG
BEXP
BY
BRUSSELS
BU
BD
BTIO
BK
BL
BE
BMGT
BO
BM
BX
BN
BWC
BBSR
BTT
BC
BH
BILAT
BUSH
BHUM
BT
BTC
BMENA
BOND
BAIO
BP
BF
BRPA
BURNS
BUT
BBG
BCW
BOEHNER
BOL
BASHAR
BIDEN
BFIN
BZ
BEXPC
BTIU
CPAS
CA
CASC
CS
CBW
CIDA
CO
CODEL
CI
CROS
CU
CH
CWC
CMGT
CVIS
CDG
CTR
CG
CF
CHIEF
CJAN
CBSA
CE
CY
CB
CW
CM
CHR
CD
COE
CV
COUNTER
CT
CN
CPUOS
CTERR
CVR
CVPR
CDC
COUNTRY
CLEARANCE
CONS
COM
CACS
CR
CONTROLS
CAN
CACM
COMMERCE
CAMBODIA
CFIS
COUNTERTERRORISM
CITES
CONDOLEEZZA
CZ
CTBT
CEN
CLINTON
CFED
CARC
CTM
CARICOM
CSW
CICTE
CYPRUS
CBE
CMGMT
CARSON
CWCM
CIVS
COUNTRYCLEARANCE
CENTCOM
CAPC
COPUOS
CKGR
CITEL
CQ
CITT
CIC
CARIB
CVIC
CAFTA
CVISU
CDB
CEDAW
CNC
CJUS
COMMAND
CENTER
COL
CAJC
CONSULAR
CLMT
CBC
CIA
CNARC
CIS
CEUDA
CHINA
CAC
CL
DR
DJ
DEMOCRATIC
DEMARCHE
DOMESTIC
DISENGAGEMENT
DB
DA
DHS
DAO
DCM
DAVID
DO
DEAX
DEFENSE
DEA
DTRO
DPRK
DOC
DTRA
DK
DAC
DOD
DRL
DRC
DCG
DE
DOT
DEPT
DOE
DS
DKEM
ECON
ETTC
EFIS
ETRD
EC
EMIN
EAGR
EAID
EFIN
EUN
ECIN
EG
EWWT
EINV
ENRG
ELAB
EPET
EIND
EN
EAIR
EUMEM
ECPS
ES
EI
ELTN
ET
EZ
EU
ER
EINT
ENGR
ECONOMIC
ENIV
EFTA
ETRN
EMS
EUREM
EPA
ESTH
EEB
EET
ENV
EAG
EXIM
ECTRD
ELNT
ENVIRONMENT
ECA
EAP
EINDIR
ETR
ECONOMY
ETRC
ELECTIONS
EICN
EXPORT
EARG
EGHG
EID
ETRO
EINF
EAIDHO
ECIP
EENV
EURM
EPEC
ERNG
ENERG
EIAD
EXBS
ED
EREL
ELAM
EK
EWT
ENGRD
EDEV
ECE
ENGY
EXIMOPIC
ETRDEC
ECCT
EUR
ENRGPARMOTRASENVKGHGPGOVECONTSPLEAID
EFI
ECOSOC
EXTERNAL
ESCAP
ETCC
EENG
ERA
ENRD
ECLAC
ETRAD
EBRD
ENVR
ECONENRG
ELTNSNAR
ELAP
EPIT
EDUC
EAIDXMXAXBXFFR
EETC
EIVN
EDRC
EGOV
ETRA
EAIDRW
ETRDEINVECINPGOVCS
ESA
ETRDGK
ENVI
ELN
EPRT
EPTED
ERTD
EUM
EAIDS
EFINECONEAIDUNGAGM
EDU
EV
EAIDAF
EDA
EPREL
EINVEFIN
EAGER
ETMIN
EUCOM
ECCP
EIDN
EINVKSCA
ENNP
EFINECONCS
ETC
EAIRASECCASCID
EINN
ETRP
ECONOMICS
ENERGY
EIAR
EINDETRD
ECONEFIN
EURN
ETRDEINVTINTCS
EFIM
ETIO
EATO
EIPR
EINVETC
ETTD
ETDR
EIQ
ECONCS
ENRGIZ
EAIG
ENTG
EUC
ERD
EINVECONSENVCSJA
EEPET
EUNCH
ESENV
ECINECONCS
ETRDECONWTOCS
ECUN
FR
FI
FOREIGN
FARM
FIR
FAO
FK
FARC
FAS
FJ
FREEDOM
FAC
FINANCE
FBI
FTAA
FM
FCS
FAA
FORCE
FDA
FTA
FT
FCSC
FMGT
FINR
FIN
FDIC
FOR
FOI
FO
FMLN
FISO
GM
GERARD
GT
GA
GG
GR
GTIP
GH
GZ
GE
GB
GY
GAZA
GJ
GEORGE
GOI
GCC
GMUS
GI
GLOBAL
GV
GC
GL
GOV
GKGIC
GF
GWI
GIPNC
GUTIERREZ
GTMO
GANGS
GAERC
GUILLERMO
GASPAR
HR
HA
HYMPSK
HO
HK
HUMAN
HU
HN
HHS
HURI
HUD
HUMRIT
HUMANITARIAN
HUMANR
HL
HSTC
HILLARY
HCOPIL
HADLEY
HOURANI
HI
HUM
HEBRON
HUMOR
IZ
IN
IAEA
IS
IMO
ILO
IR
IC
IT
ITU
ID
IV
IMF
IBRD
IWC
ICAO
ICRC
INF
IO
IPR
ISO
IK
ISRAELI
IQ
ICES
IDB
INFLUENZA
IRAQI
ISCON
IGAD
IRAN
ITALY
IRAQ
ICTY
ICTR
ITPGOV
ITALIAN
IQNV
IADB
INTERNAL
INMARSAT
IRDB
ILC
INCB
INRB
ICJ
ISRAEL
INR
IEA
ISPA
ICCAT
IOM
ITRD
IHO
IL
IFAD
ITRA
IDLI
ISCA
INL
INRA
INTELSAT
ISAF
ISPL
IRS
IEF
ITER
INDO
IIP
IND
IEFIN
IACI
IAHRC
INNP
IA
INTERPOL
IFIN
ISSUES
IZPREL
IRAJ
IF
ITPHUM
ITA
IP
IRPE
IDA
ISLAMISTS
ITF
INRO
IBET
IDP
IRC
KMDR
KPAO
KOMC
KNNP
KFLO
KDEM
KSUM
KIPR
KFLU
KE
KCRM
KJUS
KAWC
KZ
KSCA
KDRG
KCOR
KGHG
KPAL
KTIP
KMCA
KCRS
KPKO
KOLY
KRVC
KVPR
KG
KWBG
KTER
KS
KN
KSPR
KWMN
KV
KTFN
KFRD
KU
KSTC
KSTH
KISL
KGIC
KSEP
KFIN
KTEX
KTIA
KUNR
KCMR
KCIP
KMOC
KTDB
KBIO
KBCT
KMPI
KSAF
KACT
KFEM
KPRV
KPWR
KIRC
KCFE
KRIM
KHIV
KHLS
KVIR
KNNNP
KCEM
KLIG
KIRF
KNUP
KSAC
KNUC
KPGOV
KTDD
KIDE
KOMS
KLFU
KNNC
KMFO
KSEO
KJRE
KJUST
KMRS
KSRE
KGIT
KPIR
KPOA
KUWAIT
KIVP
KICC
KSCS
KPOL
KSEAO
KRCM
KSCI
KNAP
KGLB
KICA
KCUL
KPRM
KFSC
KQ
KPOP
KPFO
KPALAOIS
KREC
KBWG
KR
KTTB
KNAR
KCOM
KESS
KINR
KOCI
KWN
KCSY
KREL
KTBT
KFTN
KW
KRFD
KFLOA
KHDP
KNEP
KIND
KHUM
KSKN
KOMO
KDRL
KTFIN
KSOC
KPO
KGIV
KSTCPL
KSI
KPRP
KFPC
KNNB
KNDP
KICCPUR
KFRDCVISCMGTCASCKOCIASECPHUMSMIGEG
KDMR
KFCE
KIMMITT
KMCC
KMNP
KSEC
KOMCSG
KGCC
KRAD
KCRP
KAUST
KWAWC
KCHG
KRDP
KPAS
KTIAPARM
KPAOPREL
KWGB
KIRP
KMIG
KLAB
KSEI
KHSA
KNPP
KPAONZ
KWWW
KGHA
KY
KCRIM
KCRCM
KGCN
KPLS
KIIP
KPAOY
KTRD
KTAO
KJU
KBTS
KWAC
KFIU
KNNO
KPAI
KILS
KPA
KRCS
KWBGSY
KNPPIS
KNNPMNUC
KNPT
KERG
KLTN
KPREL
KTLA
KO
KAWK
KVRP
KAID
KX
KENV
KWCI
KNPR
KCFC
KNEI
KFTFN
KTFM
KCERS
KDEMAF
KMEPI
KEMS
KBTR
KEDU
KIRL
KNNR
KMPT
KPDD
KPIN
KDEV
KFRP
KTBD
KMSG
KWWMN
KWBC
KA
KOM
KWNM
KFRDKIRFCVISCMGTKOCIASECPHUMSMIGEG
KRGY
KNNF
KICR
KIFR
KWMNCS
KPAK
KDDG
KCGC
KID
KNSD
KMPF
KWMM
MARR
MX
MASS
MOPS
MNUC
MCAP
MTCRE
MRCRE
MTRE
MASC
MY
MK
MG
MU
MILI
MO
MZ
MEPP
MCC
MEDIA
MOPPS
MI
MAS
MW
MP
MEPN
MV
MD
MR
MC
MCA
MT
MIL
MARITIME
MOPSGRPARM
MAAR
MOOPS
ML
MA
MN
MNUCPTEREZ
MTCR
MUNC
MPOS
MONUC
MGMT
MURRAY
MACP
MINUSTAH
MCCONNELL
MGT
MNUR
MF
MEPI
MOHAMMAD
MAR
MAPP
MNU
MFA
MTS
MLS
MEETINGS
MERCOSUR
MED
MNVC
MIK
MBM
MILITARY
MAPS
MARAD
MDC
MACEDONIA
MASSMNUC
MUCN
MQADHAFI
MPS
NZ
NATO
NI
NO
NU
NG
NL
NPT
NS
NA
NP
NASA
NSF
NEA
NANCY
NSG
NRR
NATIONAL
NMNUC
NC
NSC
NAS
NARC
NELSON
NATEU
NDP
NIH
NK
NIPP
NR
NERG
NSSP
NE
NTDB
NT
NEGROPONTE
NGO
NATOIRAQ
NAR
NZUS
NCCC
NH
NAFTA
NEW
NRG
NUIN
NOVO
NATOPREL
NV
NICHOLAS
NPA
NSFO
NW
NORAD
NPG
NOAA
OPRC
OPDC
OTRA
OECD
OVIP
OREP
ODC
OIIP
OAS
OSCE
OPIC
OMS
OFDP
OFDA
OEXC
OPCW
OIE
OSCI
OM
OPAD
ODPC
OIC
ODIP
OPPI
ORA
OCEA
OREG
OMIG
OFFICIALS
OSAC
OEXP
OPEC
OFPD
OAU
OCII
OIL
OVIPPRELUNGANU
OSHA
OPCD
OPCR
OF
OFDPQIS
OSIC
OHUM
OTR
OBSP
OGAC
OESC
OVP
ON
OES
OTAR
OCS
PREL
PGOV
PARM
PINR
PHUM
PM
PREF
PTER
PK
PINS
PBIO
PHSA
PE
PBTS
PA
PL
POL
PAK
POV
POLITICS
POLICY
PO
PRELTBIOBA
PKO
PIN
PNAT
PU
PGOVPREL
PALESTINIAN
PTERPGOV
PELOSI
PAS
PP
PTEL
PROP
PRELAF
PRHUM
PRE
PUNE
PIRF
PVOV
PROG
PERSONS
PROV
PKK
PRGOV
PH
PLAB
PDEM
PCI
PRL
PRM
PINSO
PERM
PETR
PPAO
PERL
PBS
PETERS
PRELBR
PCON
POLITICAL
PMIL
POLM
PKPA
PNUM
PLO
PTERM
PJUS
PARMP
PNIR
PHUMKPAL
PG
PREZ
PGIC
PAO
PROTECTION
PRELPK
PGOVENRG
PATTY
PSOC
PARTIES
PGOVEAIDUKNOSWGMHUCANLLHFRSPITNZ
PMIG
PAIGH
PARK
PETER
PHUS
PKPO
PGOVECON
POUS
PMAR
PWBG
PAR
PGOVGM
PHUH
PTE
PY
POLUN
PDOV
PGOVSOCI
PGOVPM
PRELEVU
PGOR
PBTSRU
PHUMA
PHUMR
PPD
PGV
PRAM
PARMS
PINL
PSI
PKPAL
PPA
PTERE
PGOF
PINO
PREO
PHAS
PAC
PRESL
PORG
PS
PGVO
PKFK
PSOE
PEPR
PINT
PRELP
PREFA
PNG
PTBS
PFOR
PGOVLO
PHUMBA
PREK
PHJM
POLINT
PGOVE
PHALANAGE
PARTY
PECON
PEACE
PROCESS
PLN
PEDRO
PF
PGPV
PCUL
PGGV
PSA
PGOVSMIGKCRMKWMNPHUMCVISKFRDCA
PGIV
PHUMPREL
POGOV
PEL
PBT
PAMQ
PINF
PSEPC
POSTS
PAHO
PHUMPGOV
PGOC
PNR
RS
RP
RU
RW
RFE
RCMP
RIGHTSPOLMIL
REFORM
RO
ROW
ROBERT
REACTION
REPORT
REGION
RELATIONS
RAY
ROBERTG
RIGHTS
RM
RATIFICATION
RREL
RBI
RICE
ROOD
REL
RODHAM
RGY
RUEHZO
RELIGIOUS
RELFREE
RUEUN
RELAM
RSP
RF
REO
REGIONAL
RUPREL
RI
REMON
RPEL
RSO
SCUL
SENV
SOCI
SZ
SNAR
SO
SP
SU
SY
SI
SMIG
SYR
SA
SW
SF
SR
SYRIA
SNARM
START
SPECIALIST
SG
SNIG
SCI
SGWI
SE
SIPDIS
SANC
SELAB
SN
SETTLEMENTS
SCIENCE
SENVENV
SENS
SPCE
SPAS
SECURITY
SENC
SOCIETY
SOSI
SENVEAGREAIDTBIOECONSOCIXR
SEN
SPECI
ST
SL
SENVCASCEAIDID
SC
SECRETARY
STR
SNA
SOCIS
SADC
SEP
SK
SHUM
SYAI
SMIL
STEPHEN
SNRV
SKCA
SENSITIVE
SECI
SCUD
SCRM
SGNV
SECTOR
SAARC
SENVSXE
SWMN
STEINBERG
SOPN
SOCR
SCRS
SWE
SARS
SNARIZ
SUDAN
SENVQGR
SAN
SM
SFNV
SSA
SPCVIS
SOFA
SCULKPAOECONTU
SENVKGHG
SHI
SEVN
SH
SNARCS
SNARN
SIPRS
TBIO
TW
TRGY
TSPA
TU
TPHY
TI
TX
TH
TIP
TSPL
TNGD
TZ
TS
TC
TK
TURKEY
TERRORISM
TPSL
TINT
TRSY
TERFIN
TPP
TT
TECHNOLOGY
TE
TAGS
TRAFFICKING
TJ
TN
TO
TD
TP
TREATY
TR
TA
TIO
TECH
TF
TRAD
TNDG
TWI
TPSA
TWL
TAUSCHER
TRBY
TL
TV
THPY
TSPAM
TREL
TRT
TNAR
TFIN
TWCH
THOMMA
THOMAS
TERROR
TRY
TBID
UK
UNESCO
UNSC
UNGA
UN
US
UZ
USEU
UG
UP
UNAUS
UNMIK
USTR
UY
USUN
UNEP
UNDC
UV
UNPUOS
UNSCR
USAID
UNODC
UNRCR
UNHCR
UNDP
UNCRIME
UA
UNHRC
UNRWA
UNO
UNCND
UNCHR
USAU
UNICEF
USPS
UNOMIG
UNESCOSCULPRELPHUMKPALCUIRXFVEKV
UR
UNFICYP
UNCITRAL
UNAMA
UNVIE
USTDA
USNC
UNCSD
USCC
UNEF
UNGAPL
USSC
UNMIC
UNTAC
UNCLASSIFIED
USDA
UNCTAD
USGS
UNFPA
UNSE
USOAS
UE
UAE
UNCHS
UNDESCO
UNC
UNSCS
UKXG
UNGACG
UNHR
UNBRO
UNCHC
UNFCYP
UNIDROIT
WHTI
WIPO
WTRO
WHO
WTO
WMO
WFP
WEET
WS
WE
WA
WHA
WBG
WILLIAM
WI
WSIS
WCL
WEBZ
WZ
WW
WWBG
WMD
WWT
WMN
WWARD
WITH
WTRQ
WCO
WEU
WB
WBEG
Browse by classification
Community resources
courage is contagious
Viewing cable 09BRASILIA1272, BRAZIL: STAFFDEL MEECHAM - IFI/MDBs REVIEW
If you are new to these pages, please read an introduction on the structure of a cable as well as how to discuss them with others. See also the FAQs
Understanding cables
Every cable message consists of three parts:
- The top box shows each cables unique reference number, when and by whom it originally was sent, and what its initial classification was.
- The middle box contains the header information that is associated with the cable. It includes information about the receiver(s) as well as a general subject.
- The bottom box presents the body of the cable. The opening can contain a more specific subject, references to other cables (browse by origin to find them) or additional comment. This is followed by the main contents of the cable: a summary, a collection of specific topics and a comment section.
Discussing cables
If you find meaningful or important information in a cable, please link directly to its unique reference number. Linking to a specific paragraph in the body of a cable is also possible by copying the appropriate link (to be found at theparagraph symbol). Please mark messages for social networking services like Twitter with the hash tags #cablegate and a hash containing the reference ID e.g. #09BRASILIA1272.
Reference ID | Created | Released | Classification | Origin |
---|---|---|---|---|
09BRASILIA1272 | 2009-10-29 13:10 | 2011-07-11 00:00 | UNCLASSIFIED//FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY | Embassy Brasilia |
VZCZCXRO3412
RR RUEHRG
DE RUEHBR #1272/01 3021310
ZNR UUUUU ZZH
R 291310Z OCT 09
FM AMEMBASSY BRASILIA
TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC 5298
INFO RUEHSO/AMCONSUL SAO PAULO 0016
RUEHRG/AMCONSUL RECIFE 0058
RUEHBU/AMEMBASSY BUENOS AIRES 6393
RUEHSG/AMEMBASSY SANTIAGO 0006
RUCPDOC/USDOC WASHDC
RUEATRS/DEPT OF TREASURY WASHDC
RHEHAAA/NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL WASHDC
UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 04 BRASILIA 001272
SENSITIVE
SIPDIS
STATE FOR WHA/BSC, EEB/IFD/ODF
TREASURY FOR KAZCMAREK CKELLOGG
USDOC FOR 4332/ITA/MAC/WH/OLAC
USDOC ALSO FOR 3134/USFCS/OIO
USAID FOR LAC/AA
E.O. 12958: N/A
TAGS: EFIN EINV ECON BR
SUBJECT: BRAZIL: STAFFDEL MEECHAM - IFI/MDBs REVIEW
REF: A) BRASILIA 950
¶1. (SBU) SUMMARY: Officials from both the Government of Brazil
(GOB) and international financial institutions (IFIs) and
multilateral development banks (MDBs) operating in Brazil described
for Carl Meacham, Senator Lugar's senior foreign policy advisor on
Latin America, a shift from national level development lending to
the sub-federal level, and a relatively well organized national
policy that channels IFI/MDB lending to priority projects around the
country. Major IFI/MDBs in Brazil portray their relations with the
GOB as positive and collaborative, and work closely with the
Ministry of Planning, Budget and Management to align development
lending priorities. The Brazilian Development Bank (BNDES) has
grown into a powerful development lending body in Brazil, vastly
outpacing the efforts of all IFI/MDB activity in Brazil combined. A
meeting with the Ministry of External Relations (MRE) and the
Ministry of Finance indicates the GOB remains committed to pushing
for IFI reform in the near-term, particularly within the framework
of the G-20, but continues to struggle to gain the voice they
believe they deserve given their successful management of the global
financial crisis. END SUMMARY.
BACKGROUND
----------
¶2. (SBU) In response to Senator Lugar's request that the minority
staff of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee undertake a study of
IFI effectiveness and financial waste prevention, Carl Meacham
visited Brasilia and Sao Paulo October 19 - 21. Mr. Meacham met
with representatives in Brazil from the World Bank, Inter-American
Development Bank (IDB), Corporacion Andina de Fomento (CAF),
International Finance Corporation (IFC), International Monetary Fund
(IMF), Brazilian Development Bank (BNDES), Ministry of Exterior
Relations (MRE), Ministry of Finance, and Ministry of Planning.
(NOTE: approximate annual IFI lending in Brazil: World Bank, USD 5
billion; IDB, USD 3 billion; CAF, 1.8 billion; IFC, USD .5 to 1
billion. BNDES lending surpasses USD 50 billion. END NOTE).
BRAZIL'S ECONOMIC RECOVERY
--------------------------
¶3. (SBU) GOB officials and IFI bankers expressed universal optimism
that Brazil has successfully managed itself out of the global
financial crisis; many declaring that Brazil was one of the last of
the world's major economies to be pulled into the downturn, one of
the least impacted, and the first to raise itself out of the crisis.
By most macro indicators, Brazil has indeed entered into a recovery
position (reftel A). (NOTE: Brazil is projected to end 2009 with
near flat GDP growth, and reach four to five percent growth in 2010.
END NOTE).
IFI/MDB LENDING SHIFT TO SUB-FEDERAL LEVEL
-----------------------------------------
¶4. (SBU) Mr. Meacham's meeting with Alexandre Abrantes, the World
Bank's Program Manager - Portfolio and Operations, detailed a
gradual shift in World Bank lending from the Brazilian federal
government level to the state and municipal level. The World Bank
is extending USD 4.0 billion to sub-federal governments in the
current year, approximately 70 percent of their lending activity in
Brazil. By contrast, only USD 300 million went to state and local
governments in 2006. Abrantes attributed the shift in lending to
President Lula, who, confident with growing foreign reserves,
steered IFI lending away from the federal level but asked that
institutions redirect efforts to the state and municipal level. IDB
country representative, Jose Luis Lupo, whose bank now exclusively
extends loans to the state and municipal level (approximately USD 3
billion per year), echoed the World Bank's assessment crediting Lula
for encouraging the shift in the lending landscape.
¶5. (SBU) Under Secretary for International Affairs Alexandre Rosa
from the Ministry of Planning, Budget and Management (who's Minister
is Brazil's IDB Governor) provided additional government perspective
on the shift from federal to sub-federal lending. He described a
complete reversal in IFI/MDB lending from six years ago when almost
all lending was directed to the federal level, to the current
environment where almost all lending, approximately 90 percent, is
conducted at the state and municipal level. Rosa explained that
this shift coincided with the federal government's fiscal adjustment
BRASILIA 00001272 002 OF 004
period which produced primary budget surpluses (government revenue
collections minus spending before interest payments) and growing
international reserves. He added that the federal government
maintains isolated small scale lending activities with the IFI/MDBs
but that these projects are intended to transfer technical expertise
and bolster long-term relationships with the IFI/MDBs as opposed to
supplement federal budgets.
POSITIVE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN IFI/MDBs AND GOB
------------------------------------------
¶6. (SBU) In their separate meetings, the World Bank's Abrantes and
IDB's Lupo agreed that relations between the IFI/MDBs in Brazil and
the GOB are strong. Abrantes commented that, "Brazil knows what it
wants, is efficient compared to other countries, and has no
political hang-ups." Lupo expressed a similar sentiment, saying,
"Brazil respects institutionality and the rule of law, and has not
gone down the path of threatening private ownership and wrecking the
economy." Both development bankers also cited collaborative working
conditions with the GOB, specifically with the Ministry of Planning;
a sentiment that was also expressed by the CAF representative in
Brazil, Moira Paz-Estenssoro. Abrantes commended the World Bank
Country Partnership Strategy, a process that occurs every four
years, timed to coincide just after the country's presidential
elections, to coordinate development lending priorities between the
IFIs and the Ministry of Planning. More frequent communications
occur through the Ministry of Planning's COFIEX (External Financing
Commission), which coordinates ongoing IFI/MDB lending and project
oversight within Brazil's public sector.
¶7. (SBU) In the meeting with the Ministry of Planning, Under
Secretary Rosa also provided additional details on the IFI/MDB
landscape in Brazil. Rosa explained that every state in the country
and many of the large municipalities have direct relationships with
the IFI/MDBs. Rosa's role within the Ministry of planning is to
coordinate these relationships and track the amount of lending and
project types through mechanisms like the Country Partnership
Strategy and COFIEX. Rosa described a positive and collaborative
relationship between the GOB and IFI/MDBs, but admitted that there
was a period of confusion as the Ministry of Planning adjusted for
the shift in development lending from the federal level to the local
level approximately six years ago.
SAO PAULO IFC PERSPECTIVE: PRIVATE SECTOR, NICHE FOCUS
---------------------------------------
¶8. (SBU) IFC Country Manager Andrew Gunther and Investment
Officer, Daniel Susa reported to Meacham in Sao Paulo that the IFC
plays a niche role in Brazilian project finance (between USD 500
million and USD 1 billion per year), noting their comparatively
small presence in the country next to heavyweight BNDES (NOTE: both
BNDES and IFC focus on private sector. END NOTE). Nevertheless,
Gunther emphasized that IFC loans are an attractive option for
medium-sized companies looking to access international credit for
the first time and raise their loan profile. IFC focuses on
targeting profitable projects with maximum development impact,
concentrating on three main loan programs: low-income families for
educational purposes and microfinance; promoting competitiveness;
and climate change and renewable energy. Gunther said IFC has only
limited engagement with the Brazilian public sector, but does
coordinate with the World Bank on some projects at the sub-national
government level and in defining strategic priorities.
IMF SAYS BRAZIL IS GAINING STATURE
----------------------------------
¶9. (SBU) In a meeting with the IMF in Brazil, Resident
Representative Paulo Medas said that the Brazil-IMF relationship
underwent a dramatic improvement since Brazil paid off its final
tranche of IMF loans in 2005, and that the IMF is encouraging Brazil
to take on greater participation in IMF policy. Medas described an
evolution in the relationship between Brazil and the IMF, developing
from a situation where Brazil felt mistreated to one where Brazil
feels comfortable playing a leadership role within the IMF,
especially through the G-20. On G-20 and IMF coordination, he said,
"in the last two G-20 meetings, Brazil has really gotten a sense of
how to work through the G-20, and has learned how to cooperate,
negotiate, and compromise." According to Medas, Brazil sees the
G-20 as their best way to effect change within the IMF, including on
BRASILIA 00001272 003 OF 004
their high priority goal of gaining greater representation for
emerging economies. He added that while the United States has been
supportive of a quota shift from developed to emerging nations,
Europe, especially the smaller European countries, has been less
enthusiastic to give up representation.
¶10. (SBU) Despite improving relations, Medas said Brazil still
exhibits an "anti-Fund" mentality from time to time, has not fully
embraced the G-20 negotiation process and, further, cautions Brazil
to be more sensitive to regional concerns. Brazil, according to
Medas, remains resistant to IMF technical assistance and
instruction, but added that Brazilian ministries have recently
showed signs of technical engagement, making specific requests for
IMF visits and expertise. Prior to the last two G-20 meetings,
Medas said Brazil routinely derailed emerging market consensus, but
contends Brazil has matured into a more constructive partner. He
added, however, that Brazil must still fully adopt the G-20
negotiation process and said their continued reluctance in this area
continues to draw international criticism, including from French
Finance Minister Christine Lagarde, who Medas said delivered the
message during a recent visit to Brasilia last month. Medas also
said that Brazil's growing international clout has prompted
countries in the region to complain that Brazil is "more forceful
than the U.S."
MRE AND MINISTRY OF FINANCE, BIAS FOR ACTION AND REFORM
---------------------------------------
¶11. (SBU) In a joint meeting with the Ministry of External
Relations (MRE) and the Ministry of Finance, MRE's head for
international financial policy Luis Balduino raised GOB's interest
in IFI reforms, and expressed that Brazil's current political
situation is very conducive for near-term progress on IMF reform.
He reiterated that Brazil wants to see a reformed IMF that is more
flexible and agile, and more responsive to the needs of the
developing world. He commented that there is much less debate in
Brazil than in the United States with respect to supporting IFIs.
As an example, he said that when Brazil committed the USD 10 billion
to the IMF, the move was almost universally accepted in Brazil, even
within the opposition political parties. Balduino suggested that
the political environment in the country was supportive of Brazil
encouraging IMF reform within the next two years, but also added
that the United States "should not be too pushy" in asking for
additional contributions and specific priorities as Brazil considers
its role and options.
¶12. (SBU) Artur Lacerda, who monitors World Bank issues at the
Ministry of Finance, said that Brazil wants to see reforms in the
World Bank that strengthen its institutional capacities to address
the global issues of the day: climate change, poverty reduction, and
development. He added that Brazil is concerned the World Bank has
strayed away from its core role as a development institution.
Lacerda's colleague at the Ministry of Finance who covers the IMF
portfolio, Ludmila Silva, said that Brazil is now the largest IMF
donor from the developing world (NOTE: referring to Brazil's recent
USD 10 billion commitment to the IMF. END NOTE.), and has shown
true engagement and knowledge of the institution, yet its
contributions are still not fully recognized in the IMF.
BNDES - 1,000 POUND GORILLA
---------------------------
¶13. (SBU) A meeting with representatives from the Brazilian
Development Bank BNDES, which according to Abrantes provides more
lending in Brazil than the World Bank does throughout the entire
world, revealed the extend to which the federally-controlled bank
dominates development lending in Brazil. According to Ilge
Iglesias, Congressional Affairs Advisor to the bank's CEO, BNDES
constitutionally receives 40 percent of a social security and
unemployment benefit payroll tax collection (FAT) which is
consolidated into the bank's operating budget and used to fund the
bank's lending activities. The bank has grown significantly over
the last several years, from approximately USD 19 billion worth of
lending in 2003 to over USD 50 billion in 2008, to the point where
proceeds from existing operations produce 50 to 60 percent of
revenues, and the FAT now only comprises 3 to 4 percent. BNDES also
receives funding through presidential executive decrees, which have
increased significantly as President Lula directs additional funds
to BNDES to fuel the government's growth acceleration infrastructure
BRASILIA 00001272 004 OF 004
program (PAC).
¶14. (SBU) According to Iglesias, BNDES has undergone its own shift
in operations since Lula assumed the presidency in 2003. While Lula
encouraged the IFI/MDBs in Brazil to reallocate lending from the
federal level to state and local governments, he transformed BNDES
into a powerhouse banker for Brazil's largest development projects
around the country. In contrast to IFI/MDB lending which is
comparatively more focused towards public sector lending, BNDES
lending, according to Ministry of Planning's Rosa, is 80 to 85
percent directed to private and state-owned enterprises. Lula also
liberalized BNDES's lending operations, terminating strict lending
conditions that were in place under the previous Fernando Enrique
Cardoso presidency. Iglesias and Isamara Seabra, BNDES Manager of
Government Relations, believed that BNDES's current focus would not
change under either one of the leading presidential candidates for
the 2010 elections, Dilma Rousseff or Jose Serra.
¶15. (SBU) Meetings in Brasilia produced mixed views on BNDES
ambitions to undertake future development activities outside of
Brazil. Iglesias and Seabra contended that BNDES did not have a
serious interest in partnering with other emerging and developing
market countries on development lending strategies, while Ministry
of Planning's Rosa cited case examples of BNDES helping both
Argentina and Peru build capacities. BNDES and Planning were both
in consensus that BNDES's current primary international strategy is
to assist Brazilian companies expand and export abroad. (NOTE:
BNDES currently has international offices in Montevideo and London.
END NOTE).
COMMENT
-------
¶16. (SBU) Carl Meacham's meetings in Brasilia and Sao Paulo shed
light on Brazil's IFI/MDB lending environment in the wake of the
global financial crisis. As the IMF Resident Representative in
Brazil, Medas, pointed out, Brazil's comparatively successful
management of the global financial crisis has bolstered its
confidence, and encouraged the GOB to be a more constructive and
vocal partner within the G-20 and IMF. As Brazil continues to post
impressive macro "numbers" relative to the rest of the world, and as
President Lula aspires to leave his mark on the G-20 and
international fora, the GOB will push especially hard for reform
within institutions like the IMF and World Bank. On the other hand,
Brazil's evolving interest, and past baggage, affects relations with
the IMF, and the reluctance of some developed economies to fully
embrace Brazil's perspectives may continue to leave Brazil feeling
more on the outside rather than in their desired role as leading
voice for broad IFI reform. END COMMENT.
¶17. (U) This cable was coordinated/cleared by Consulate Sao Paulo
and Senate Senior Staffer Carl Meacham.
KUBISKE