

Currently released so far... 51122 / 251,287
Articles
Brazil
Sri Lanka
United Kingdom
Sweden
00. Editorial
United States
Latin America
Egypt
Jordan
Yemen
Thailand
Browse latest releases
2010/12/01
2010/12/02
2010/12/03
2010/12/04
2010/12/05
2010/12/06
2010/12/07
2010/12/08
2010/12/09
2010/12/10
2010/12/11
2010/12/12
2010/12/13
2010/12/14
2010/12/15
2010/12/16
2010/12/17
2010/12/18
2010/12/19
2010/12/20
2010/12/21
2010/12/22
2010/12/23
2010/12/24
2010/12/25
2010/12/26
2010/12/27
2010/12/28
2010/12/29
2010/12/30
2011/01/01
2011/01/02
2011/01/04
2011/01/05
2011/01/07
2011/01/09
2011/01/11
2011/01/12
2011/01/13
2011/01/14
2011/01/15
2011/01/16
2011/01/17
2011/01/18
2011/01/19
2011/01/20
2011/01/21
2011/01/22
2011/01/23
2011/01/24
2011/01/25
2011/01/26
2011/01/27
2011/01/28
2011/01/29
2011/01/30
2011/01/31
2011/02/01
2011/02/02
2011/02/03
2011/02/04
2011/02/05
2011/02/06
2011/02/07
2011/02/08
2011/02/09
2011/02/10
2011/02/11
2011/02/12
2011/02/13
2011/02/14
2011/02/15
2011/02/16
2011/02/17
2011/02/18
2011/02/19
2011/02/20
2011/02/21
2011/02/22
2011/02/23
2011/02/24
2011/02/25
2011/02/26
2011/02/27
2011/02/28
2011/03/01
2011/03/02
2011/03/03
2011/03/04
2011/03/05
2011/03/06
2011/03/07
2011/03/08
2011/03/09
2011/03/10
2011/03/11
2011/03/13
2011/03/14
2011/03/15
2011/03/16
2011/03/17
2011/03/18
2011/03/19
2011/03/20
2011/03/21
2011/03/22
2011/03/23
2011/03/24
2011/03/25
2011/03/26
2011/03/27
2011/03/28
2011/03/29
2011/03/30
2011/03/31
2011/04/01
2011/04/02
2011/04/03
2011/04/04
2011/04/05
2011/04/06
2011/04/07
2011/04/08
2011/04/09
2011/04/10
2011/04/11
2011/04/12
2011/04/13
2011/04/14
2011/04/15
2011/04/16
2011/04/17
2011/04/18
2011/04/19
2011/04/20
2011/04/21
2011/04/22
2011/04/23
2011/04/24
2011/04/25
2011/04/26
2011/04/27
2011/04/28
2011/04/29
2011/04/30
2011/05/01
2011/05/02
2011/05/03
2011/05/04
2011/05/05
2011/05/06
2011/05/07
2011/05/08
2011/05/09
2011/05/10
2011/05/11
2011/05/12
2011/05/13
2011/05/14
2011/05/15
2011/05/16
2011/05/17
2011/05/18
2011/05/19
2011/05/20
2011/05/21
2011/05/22
2011/05/23
2011/05/24
2011/05/25
2011/05/26
2011/05/27
2011/05/28
2011/05/29
2011/05/30
2011/05/31
2011/06/01
2011/06/02
2011/06/03
2011/06/04
2011/06/05
2011/06/06
2011/06/07
2011/06/08
2011/06/09
2011/06/10
2011/06/11
2011/06/12
2011/06/13
2011/06/14
2011/06/15
2011/06/16
2011/06/17
2011/06/18
2011/06/19
2011/06/20
2011/06/21
2011/06/22
2011/06/23
2011/06/24
2011/06/25
2011/06/26
2011/06/27
2011/06/28
2011/06/29
2011/06/30
2011/07/01
2011/07/02
2011/07/04
2011/07/05
2011/07/06
2011/07/07
2011/07/08
2011/07/10
2011/07/11
2011/07/12
2011/07/13
2011/07/14
2011/07/15
2011/07/16
2011/07/17
2011/07/18
2011/07/19
2011/07/20
2011/07/21
2011/07/22
2011/07/23
2011/07/25
2011/07/27
2011/07/28
2011/07/29
2011/07/31
2011/08/01
2011/08/02
2011/08/03
2011/08/05
2011/08/06
2011/08/07
2011/08/08
2011/08/09
2011/08/10
2011/08/11
2011/08/12
2011/08/13
2011/08/15
2011/08/16
2011/08/17
2011/08/18
2011/08/19
2011/08/21
2011/08/22
2011/08/23
2011/08/24
Browse by creation date
Browse by origin
Embassy Athens
Embassy Asuncion
Embassy Astana
Embassy Asmara
Embassy Ashgabat
Embassy Apia
Embassy Antananarivo
Embassy Ankara
Embassy Amman
Embassy Algiers
Embassy Addis Ababa
Embassy Accra
Embassy Abuja
Embassy Abu Dhabi
Embassy Abidjan
Consulate Auckland
Consulate Amsterdam
Consulate Alexandria
Consulate Adana
American Institute Taiwan, Taipei
Embasy Bonn
Embassy Bujumbura
Embassy Buenos Aires
Embassy Budapest
Embassy Bucharest
Embassy Brussels
Embassy Bridgetown
Embassy Brazzaville
Embassy Bratislava
Embassy Brasilia
Embassy Bogota
Embassy Bishkek
Embassy Bern
Embassy Berlin
Embassy Belmopan
Embassy Belgrade
Embassy Beirut
Embassy Beijing
Embassy Banjul
Embassy Bangui
Embassy Bangkok
Embassy Bandar Seri Begawan
Embassy Bamako
Embassy Baku
Embassy Baghdad
Consulate Belfast
Consulate Barcelona
Embassy Cotonou
Embassy Copenhagen
Embassy Conakry
Embassy Colombo
Embassy Chisinau
Embassy Caracas
Embassy Canberra
Embassy Cairo
Consulate Curacao
Consulate Ciudad Juarez
Consulate Chiang Mai
Consulate Chennai
Consulate Chengdu
Consulate Casablanca
Consulate Cape Town
Consulate Calgary
Embassy Dushanbe
Embassy Dublin
Embassy Doha
Embassy Djibouti
Embassy Dili
Embassy Dhaka
Embassy Dar Es Salaam
Embassy Damascus
Embassy Dakar
DIR FSINFATC
Consulate Dusseldorf
Consulate Durban
Consulate Dubai
Consulate Dhahran
Embassy Guatemala
Embassy Grenada
Embassy Georgetown
Embassy Gaborone
Consulate Guayaquil
Consulate Guangzhou
Consulate Guadalajara
Embassy Helsinki
Embassy Harare
Embassy Hanoi
Consulate Hong Kong
Consulate Ho Chi Minh City
Consulate Hermosillo
Consulate Hamilton
Consulate Hamburg
Consulate Halifax
Embassy Kyiv
Embassy Kuwait
Embassy Kuala Lumpur
Embassy Kolonia
Embassy Kinshasa
Embassy Kingston
Embassy Kigali
Embassy Khartoum
Embassy Kathmandu
Embassy Kampala
Embassy Kabul
Consulate Krakow
Consulate Kolkata
Consulate Karachi
Embassy Luxembourg
Embassy Lusaka
Embassy Luanda
Embassy London
Embassy Lome
Embassy Ljubljana
Embassy Lisbon
Embassy Lima
Embassy Lilongwe
Embassy Libreville
Embassy La Paz
Consulate Leipzig
Consulate Lahore
Consulate Lagos
Mission USOSCE
Mission USNATO
Mission UNESCO
Mission Geneva
Embassy Muscat
Embassy Moscow
Embassy Montevideo
Embassy Monrovia
Embassy Mogadishu
Embassy Minsk
Embassy Mexico
Embassy Mbabane
Embassy Maseru
Embassy Maputo
Embassy Manila
Embassy Manama
Embassy Managua
Embassy Malabo
Embassy Madrid
Consulate Munich
Consulate Mumbai
Consulate Montreal
Consulate Monterrey
Consulate Milan
Consulate Merida
Consulate Melbourne
Consulate Matamoros
Consulate Marseille
Embassy Nouakchott
Embassy Nicosia
Embassy Niamey
Embassy New Delhi
Embassy Ndjamena
Embassy Nassau
Embassy Nairobi
Consulate Nuevo Laredo
Consulate Naples
Consulate Naha
Consulate Nagoya
Embassy Pristina
Embassy Pretoria
Embassy Praia
Embassy Prague
Embassy Port Of Spain
Embassy Port Moresby
Embassy Port Louis
Embassy Port Au Prince
Embassy Podgorica
Embassy Phnom Penh
Embassy Paris
Embassy Paramaribo
Embassy Panama
Consulate Peshawar
REO Hillah
REO Basrah
Embassy Rome
Embassy Riyadh
Embassy Riga
Embassy Reykjavik
Embassy Rangoon
Embassy Rabat
Consulate Rio De Janeiro
Consulate Recife
Secretary of State
Embassy Suva
Embassy Stockholm
Embassy Sofia
Embassy Skopje
Embassy Singapore
Embassy Seoul
Embassy Sarajevo
Embassy Santo Domingo
Embassy Santiago
Embassy Sanaa
Embassy San Salvador
Embassy San Jose
Consulate Surabaya
Consulate Strasbourg
Consulate St Petersburg
Consulate Shenyang
Consulate Shanghai
Consulate Sapporo
Consulate Sao Paulo
Embassy Tunis
Embassy Tripoli
Embassy Tokyo
Embassy Tirana
Embassy The Hague
Embassy Tel Aviv
Embassy Tehran
Embassy Tegucigalpa
Embassy Tbilisi
Embassy Tashkent
Embassy Tallinn
Consulate Toronto
Consulate Tijuana
Consulate Thessaloniki
USUN New York
USMISSION USTR GENEVA
USEU Brussels
US Office Almaty
US Mission Geneva
US Mission CD Geneva
US Interests Section Havana
US Delegation, Secretary
UNVIE
UN Rome
Embassy Ulaanbaatar
Embassy Vilnius
Embassy Vientiane
Embassy Vienna
Embassy Vatican
Embassy Valletta
Consulate Vladivostok
Consulate Vancouver
Browse by tag
AMGT
ASEC
AEMR
AR
APECO
AU
AORC
ADANA
AJ
AF
AFIN
AMED
AS
AM
ABLD
AFFAIRS
AMB
APER
ACOA
AND
AA
AE
AADP
AID
AO
AL
AG
AORD
ADM
AINF
AINT
ASEAN
AORG
ABT
APEC
AY
ASUP
ARF
AGOA
AVIAN
ATRN
ANET
AGIT
ASECVE
ABUD
AODE
ALOW
ADB
AN
ADPM
ASPA
ARABL
AFSN
AZ
AC
AIAG
AFSI
ASCE
ASIG
ACABQ
ADIP
AFGHANISTAN
AROC
ADCO
ACOTA
ANARCHISTS
AMEDCASCKFLO
AK
ARABBL
ASCH
ANTITERRORISM
AGRICULTURE
AOCR
ARR
ASSEMBLY
AORCYM
AFPK
ACKM
AGMT
AEC
APRC
AIN
AFPREL
ASFC
ASECTH
AFSA
AINR
AOPC
AFAF
AFARI
AX
ASECAF
ASECAFIN
AT
AFZAL
APCS
AGAO
AIT
ARCH
AEMRASECCASCKFLOMARRPRELPINRAMGTJMXL
AMEX
ARM
AQ
ATFN
AMBASSADOR
AORCD
AVIATION
ARAS
AINFCY
ACBAQ
AOPR
AREP
AOIC
ASEX
ASEK
AER
AGR
AMCT
AVERY
APR
AEMRS
AFU
AMG
ATPDEA
ASECKFRDCVISKIRFPHUMSMIGEG
AORL
ACS
AMCHAMS
AECL
AUC
ACAO
BA
BR
BB
BG
BEXP
BY
BRUSSELS
BU
BD
BTIO
BK
BL
BE
BMGT
BO
BM
BX
BN
BWC
BBSR
BTT
BC
BH
BILAT
BUSH
BHUM
BT
BTC
BMENA
BOND
BAIO
BP
BF
BRPA
BURNS
BUT
BBG
BCW
BOEHNER
BOL
BASHAR
BIDEN
BFIN
BZ
BEXPC
BTIU
CPAS
CA
CASC
CS
CBW
CIDA
CO
CODEL
CI
CROS
CU
CH
CWC
CMGT
CVIS
CDG
CTR
CG
CF
CHIEF
CJAN
CBSA
CE
CY
CB
CW
CM
CHR
CD
COE
CV
COUNTER
CT
CN
CPUOS
CTERR
CVR
CVPR
CDC
COUNTRY
CLEARANCE
CONS
COM
CACS
CR
CONTROLS
CAN
CACM
COMMERCE
CAMBODIA
CFIS
COUNTERTERRORISM
CITES
CONDOLEEZZA
CZ
CTBT
CEN
CLINTON
CFED
CARC
CTM
CARICOM
CSW
CICTE
CYPRUS
CBE
CMGMT
CARSON
CWCM
CIVS
COUNTRYCLEARANCE
CENTCOM
CAPC
COPUOS
CKGR
CITEL
CQ
CITT
CIC
CARIB
CVIC
CAFTA
CVISU
CDB
CEDAW
CNC
CJUS
COMMAND
CENTER
COL
CAJC
CONSULAR
CLMT
CBC
CIA
CNARC
CIS
CEUDA
CHINA
CAC
CL
DR
DJ
DEMOCRATIC
DEMARCHE
DOMESTIC
DISENGAGEMENT
DB
DA
DHS
DAO
DCM
DAVID
DO
DEAX
DEFENSE
DEA
DTRO
DPRK
DOC
DTRA
DK
DAC
DOD
DRL
DRC
DCG
DE
DOT
DEPT
DOE
DS
DKEM
ECON
ETTC
EFIS
ETRD
EC
EMIN
EAGR
EAID
EFIN
EUN
ECIN
EG
EWWT
EINV
ENRG
ELAB
EPET
EIND
EN
EAIR
EUMEM
ECPS
ES
EI
ELTN
ET
EZ
EU
ER
EINT
ENGR
ECONOMIC
ENIV
EFTA
ETRN
EMS
EUREM
EPA
ESTH
EEB
EET
ENV
EAG
EXIM
ECTRD
ELNT
ENVIRONMENT
ECA
EAP
EINDIR
ETR
ECONOMY
ETRC
ELECTIONS
EICN
EXPORT
EARG
EGHG
EID
ETRO
EINF
EAIDHO
ECIP
EENV
EURM
EPEC
ERNG
ENERG
EIAD
EXBS
ED
EREL
ELAM
EK
EWT
ENGRD
EDEV
ECE
ENGY
EXIMOPIC
ETRDEC
ECCT
EUR
ENRGPARMOTRASENVKGHGPGOVECONTSPLEAID
EFI
ECOSOC
EXTERNAL
ESCAP
ETCC
EENG
ERA
ENRD
ECLAC
ETRAD
EBRD
ENVR
ECONENRG
ELTNSNAR
ELAP
EPIT
EDUC
EAIDXMXAXBXFFR
EETC
EIVN
EDRC
EGOV
ETRA
EAIDRW
ETRDEINVECINPGOVCS
ESA
ETRDGK
ENVI
ELN
EPRT
EPTED
ERTD
EUM
EAIDS
EFINECONEAIDUNGAGM
EDU
EV
EAIDAF
EDA
EPREL
EINVEFIN
EAGER
ETMIN
EUCOM
ECCP
EIDN
EINVKSCA
ENNP
EFINECONCS
ETC
EAIRASECCASCID
EINN
ETRP
ECONOMICS
ENERGY
EIAR
EINDETRD
ECONEFIN
EURN
ETRDEINVTINTCS
EFIM
ETIO
EATO
EIPR
EINVETC
ETTD
ETDR
EIQ
ECONCS
ENRGIZ
EAIG
ENTG
EUC
ERD
EINVECONSENVCSJA
EEPET
EUNCH
ESENV
ECINECONCS
ETRDECONWTOCS
ECUN
FR
FI
FOREIGN
FARM
FIR
FAO
FK
FARC
FAS
FJ
FREEDOM
FAC
FINANCE
FBI
FTAA
FM
FCS
FAA
FORCE
FDA
FTA
FT
FCSC
FMGT
FINR
FIN
FDIC
FOR
FOI
FO
FMLN
FISO
GM
GERARD
GT
GA
GG
GR
GTIP
GH
GZ
GE
GB
GY
GAZA
GJ
GEORGE
GOI
GCC
GMUS
GI
GLOBAL
GV
GC
GL
GOV
GKGIC
GF
GWI
GIPNC
GUTIERREZ
GTMO
GANGS
GAERC
GUILLERMO
GASPAR
HR
HA
HYMPSK
HO
HK
HUMAN
HU
HN
HHS
HURI
HUD
HUMRIT
HUMANITARIAN
HUMANR
HL
HSTC
HILLARY
HCOPIL
HADLEY
HOURANI
HI
HUM
HEBRON
HUMOR
IZ
IN
IAEA
IS
IMO
ILO
IR
IC
IT
ITU
ID
IV
IMF
IBRD
IWC
ICAO
ICRC
INF
IO
IPR
ISO
IK
ISRAELI
IQ
ICES
IDB
INFLUENZA
IRAQI
ISCON
IGAD
IRAN
ITALY
IRAQ
ICTY
ICTR
ITPGOV
ITALIAN
IQNV
IADB
INTERNAL
INMARSAT
IRDB
ILC
INCB
INRB
ICJ
ISRAEL
INR
IEA
ISPA
ICCAT
IOM
ITRD
IHO
IL
IFAD
ITRA
IDLI
ISCA
INL
INRA
INTELSAT
ISAF
ISPL
IRS
IEF
ITER
INDO
IIP
IND
IEFIN
IACI
IAHRC
INNP
IA
INTERPOL
IFIN
ISSUES
IZPREL
IRAJ
IF
ITPHUM
ITA
IP
IRPE
IDA
ISLAMISTS
ITF
INRO
IBET
IDP
IRC
KMDR
KPAO
KOMC
KNNP
KFLO
KDEM
KSUM
KIPR
KFLU
KE
KCRM
KJUS
KAWC
KZ
KSCA
KDRG
KCOR
KGHG
KPAL
KTIP
KMCA
KCRS
KPKO
KOLY
KRVC
KVPR
KG
KWBG
KTER
KS
KN
KSPR
KWMN
KV
KTFN
KFRD
KU
KSTC
KSTH
KISL
KGIC
KSEP
KFIN
KTEX
KTIA
KUNR
KCMR
KCIP
KMOC
KTDB
KBIO
KBCT
KMPI
KSAF
KACT
KFEM
KPRV
KPWR
KIRC
KCFE
KRIM
KHIV
KHLS
KVIR
KNNNP
KCEM
KLIG
KIRF
KNUP
KSAC
KNUC
KPGOV
KTDD
KIDE
KOMS
KLFU
KNNC
KMFO
KSEO
KJRE
KJUST
KMRS
KSRE
KGIT
KPIR
KPOA
KUWAIT
KIVP
KICC
KSCS
KPOL
KSEAO
KRCM
KSCI
KNAP
KGLB
KICA
KCUL
KPRM
KFSC
KQ
KPOP
KPFO
KPALAOIS
KREC
KBWG
KR
KTTB
KNAR
KCOM
KESS
KINR
KOCI
KWN
KCSY
KREL
KTBT
KFTN
KW
KRFD
KFLOA
KHDP
KNEP
KIND
KHUM
KSKN
KOMO
KDRL
KTFIN
KSOC
KPO
KGIV
KSTCPL
KSI
KPRP
KFPC
KNNB
KNDP
KICCPUR
KFRDCVISCMGTCASCKOCIASECPHUMSMIGEG
KDMR
KFCE
KIMMITT
KMCC
KMNP
KSEC
KOMCSG
KGCC
KRAD
KCRP
KAUST
KWAWC
KCHG
KRDP
KPAS
KTIAPARM
KPAOPREL
KWGB
KIRP
KMIG
KLAB
KSEI
KHSA
KNPP
KPAONZ
KWWW
KGHA
KY
KCRIM
KCRCM
KGCN
KPLS
KIIP
KPAOY
KTRD
KTAO
KJU
KBTS
KWAC
KFIU
KNNO
KPAI
KILS
KPA
KRCS
KWBGSY
KNPPIS
KNNPMNUC
KNPT
KERG
KLTN
KPREL
KTLA
KO
KAWK
KVRP
KAID
KX
KENV
KWCI
KNPR
KCFC
KNEI
KFTFN
KTFM
KCERS
KDEMAF
KMEPI
KEMS
KBTR
KEDU
KIRL
KNNR
KMPT
KPDD
KPIN
KDEV
KFRP
KTBD
KMSG
KWWMN
KWBC
KA
KOM
KWNM
KFRDKIRFCVISCMGTKOCIASECPHUMSMIGEG
KRGY
KNNF
KICR
KIFR
KWMNCS
KPAK
KDDG
KCGC
KID
KNSD
KMPF
KWMM
MARR
MX
MASS
MOPS
MNUC
MCAP
MTCRE
MRCRE
MTRE
MASC
MY
MK
MG
MU
MILI
MO
MZ
MEPP
MCC
MEDIA
MOPPS
MI
MAS
MW
MP
MEPN
MV
MD
MR
MC
MCA
MT
MIL
MARITIME
MOPSGRPARM
MAAR
MOOPS
ML
MA
MN
MNUCPTEREZ
MTCR
MUNC
MPOS
MONUC
MGMT
MURRAY
MACP
MINUSTAH
MCCONNELL
MGT
MNUR
MF
MEPI
MOHAMMAD
MAR
MAPP
MNU
MFA
MTS
MLS
MEETINGS
MERCOSUR
MED
MNVC
MIK
MBM
MILITARY
MAPS
MARAD
MDC
MACEDONIA
MASSMNUC
MUCN
MQADHAFI
MPS
NZ
NATO
NI
NO
NU
NG
NL
NPT
NS
NA
NP
NASA
NSF
NEA
NANCY
NSG
NRR
NATIONAL
NMNUC
NC
NSC
NAS
NARC
NELSON
NATEU
NDP
NIH
NK
NIPP
NR
NERG
NSSP
NE
NTDB
NT
NEGROPONTE
NGO
NATOIRAQ
NAR
NZUS
NCCC
NH
NAFTA
NEW
NRG
NUIN
NOVO
NATOPREL
NV
NICHOLAS
NPA
NSFO
NW
NORAD
NPG
NOAA
OPRC
OPDC
OTRA
OECD
OVIP
OREP
ODC
OIIP
OAS
OSCE
OPIC
OMS
OFDP
OFDA
OEXC
OPCW
OIE
OSCI
OM
OPAD
ODPC
OIC
ODIP
OPPI
ORA
OCEA
OREG
OMIG
OFFICIALS
OSAC
OEXP
OPEC
OFPD
OAU
OCII
OIL
OVIPPRELUNGANU
OSHA
OPCD
OPCR
OF
OFDPQIS
OSIC
OHUM
OTR
OBSP
OGAC
OESC
OVP
ON
OES
OTAR
OCS
PREL
PGOV
PARM
PINR
PHUM
PM
PREF
PTER
PK
PINS
PBIO
PHSA
PE
PBTS
PA
PL
POL
PAK
POV
POLITICS
POLICY
PO
PRELTBIOBA
PKO
PIN
PNAT
PU
PGOVPREL
PALESTINIAN
PTERPGOV
PELOSI
PAS
PP
PTEL
PROP
PRELAF
PRHUM
PRE
PUNE
PIRF
PVOV
PROG
PERSONS
PROV
PKK
PRGOV
PH
PLAB
PDEM
PCI
PRL
PRM
PINSO
PERM
PETR
PPAO
PERL
PBS
PETERS
PRELBR
PCON
POLITICAL
PMIL
POLM
PKPA
PNUM
PLO
PTERM
PJUS
PARMP
PNIR
PHUMKPAL
PG
PREZ
PGIC
PAO
PROTECTION
PRELPK
PGOVENRG
PATTY
PSOC
PARTIES
PGOVEAIDUKNOSWGMHUCANLLHFRSPITNZ
PMIG
PAIGH
PARK
PETER
PHUS
PKPO
PGOVECON
POUS
PMAR
PWBG
PAR
PGOVGM
PHUH
PTE
PY
POLUN
PDOV
PGOVSOCI
PGOVPM
PRELEVU
PGOR
PBTSRU
PHUMA
PHUMR
PPD
PGV
PRAM
PARMS
PINL
PSI
PKPAL
PPA
PTERE
PGOF
PINO
PREO
PHAS
PAC
PRESL
PORG
PS
PGVO
PKFK
PSOE
PEPR
PINT
PRELP
PREFA
PNG
PTBS
PFOR
PGOVLO
PHUMBA
PREK
PHJM
POLINT
PGOVE
PHALANAGE
PARTY
PECON
PEACE
PROCESS
PLN
PEDRO
PF
PGPV
PCUL
PGGV
PSA
PGOVSMIGKCRMKWMNPHUMCVISKFRDCA
PGIV
PHUMPREL
POGOV
PEL
PBT
PAMQ
PINF
PSEPC
POSTS
PAHO
PHUMPGOV
PGOC
PNR
RS
RP
RU
RW
RFE
RCMP
RIGHTSPOLMIL
REFORM
RO
ROW
ROBERT
REACTION
REPORT
REGION
RELATIONS
RAY
ROBERTG
RIGHTS
RM
RATIFICATION
RREL
RBI
RICE
ROOD
REL
RODHAM
RGY
RUEHZO
RELIGIOUS
RELFREE
RUEUN
RELAM
RSP
RF
REO
REGIONAL
RUPREL
RI
REMON
RPEL
RSO
SCUL
SENV
SOCI
SZ
SNAR
SO
SP
SU
SY
SI
SMIG
SYR
SA
SW
SF
SR
SYRIA
SNARM
START
SPECIALIST
SG
SNIG
SCI
SGWI
SE
SIPDIS
SANC
SELAB
SN
SETTLEMENTS
SCIENCE
SENVENV
SENS
SPCE
SPAS
SECURITY
SENC
SOCIETY
SOSI
SENVEAGREAIDTBIOECONSOCIXR
SEN
SPECI
ST
SL
SENVCASCEAIDID
SC
SECRETARY
STR
SNA
SOCIS
SADC
SEP
SK
SHUM
SYAI
SMIL
STEPHEN
SNRV
SKCA
SENSITIVE
SECI
SCUD
SCRM
SGNV
SECTOR
SAARC
SENVSXE
SWMN
STEINBERG
SOPN
SOCR
SCRS
SWE
SARS
SNARIZ
SUDAN
SENVQGR
SAN
SM
SFNV
SSA
SPCVIS
SOFA
SCULKPAOECONTU
SENVKGHG
SHI
SEVN
SH
SNARCS
SNARN
SIPRS
TBIO
TW
TRGY
TSPA
TU
TPHY
TI
TX
TH
TIP
TSPL
TNGD
TZ
TS
TC
TK
TURKEY
TERRORISM
TPSL
TINT
TRSY
TERFIN
TPP
TT
TECHNOLOGY
TE
TAGS
TRAFFICKING
TJ
TN
TO
TD
TP
TREATY
TR
TA
TIO
TECH
TF
TRAD
TNDG
TWI
TPSA
TWL
TAUSCHER
TRBY
TL
TV
THPY
TSPAM
TREL
TRT
TNAR
TFIN
TWCH
THOMMA
THOMAS
TERROR
TRY
TBID
UK
UNESCO
UNSC
UNGA
UN
US
UZ
USEU
UG
UP
UNAUS
UNMIK
USTR
UY
USUN
UNEP
UNDC
UV
UNPUOS
UNSCR
USAID
UNODC
UNRCR
UNHCR
UNDP
UNCRIME
UA
UNHRC
UNRWA
UNO
UNCND
UNCHR
USAU
UNICEF
USPS
UNOMIG
UNESCOSCULPRELPHUMKPALCUIRXFVEKV
UR
UNFICYP
UNCITRAL
UNAMA
UNVIE
USTDA
USNC
UNCSD
USCC
UNEF
UNGAPL
USSC
UNMIC
UNTAC
UNCLASSIFIED
USDA
UNCTAD
USGS
UNFPA
UNSE
USOAS
UE
UAE
UNCHS
UNDESCO
UNC
UNSCS
UKXG
UNGACG
UNHR
UNBRO
UNCHC
UNFCYP
UNIDROIT
WHTI
WIPO
WTRO
WHO
WTO
WMO
WFP
WEET
WS
WE
WA
WHA
WBG
WILLIAM
WI
WSIS
WCL
WEBZ
WZ
WW
WWBG
WMD
WWT
WMN
WWARD
WITH
WTRQ
WCO
WEU
WB
WBEG
Browse by classification
Community resources
courage is contagious
Viewing cable 05ANKARA4722, TURKEY REJECTS US OFFER TO EXCHANGE HIGH-ENRICHED
If you are new to these pages, please read an introduction on the structure of a cable as well as how to discuss them with others. See also the FAQs
Understanding cables
Every cable message consists of three parts:
- The top box shows each cables unique reference number, when and by whom it originally was sent, and what its initial classification was.
- The middle box contains the header information that is associated with the cable. It includes information about the receiver(s) as well as a general subject.
- The bottom box presents the body of the cable. The opening can contain a more specific subject, references to other cables (browse by origin to find them) or additional comment. This is followed by the main contents of the cable: a summary, a collection of specific topics and a comment section.
Discussing cables
If you find meaningful or important information in a cable, please link directly to its unique reference number. Linking to a specific paragraph in the body of a cable is also possible by copying the appropriate link (to be found at theparagraph symbol). Please mark messages for social networking services like Twitter with the hash tags #cablegate and a hash containing the reference ID e.g. #05ANKARA4722.
Reference ID | Created | Released | Classification | Origin |
---|---|---|---|---|
05ANKARA4722 | 2005-08-11 13:07 | 2011-08-24 01:00 | UNCLASSIFIED | Embassy Ankara |
This record is a partial extract of the original cable. The full text of the original cable is not available.
UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 05 ANKARA 004722
SIPDIS
STATE FOR EUR/SE AND NP/NE
E.O. 12958: N/A
TAGS: ENRG KNNP TRGY TU
SUBJECT: TURKEY REJECTS US OFFER TO EXCHANGE HIGH-ENRICHED
FOR LOW-ENRICHED URANIUM
REF: ANKARA 775
¶1. Summary: A DOE team, accompanied by the Commercial Manager
for the French energy company CERCA, visited Ankara from July
10-13 to discuss with Turkish Atomic Energy Commission (TAEK)
officials Turkey's participation in the Foreign Research
Reactor (FRR) Spent Nuclear Fuel (SNF) Acceptance Program.
DOE Reps. outlined the offer to exchange spent
highly-enriched uranium (HEU) rods for low-enriched uranium
(LEU) rods procured by the USG from CERCA for Turkey. TAEK
President Cakiroglu pledged Turkey's desire to work with the
US on the FRR/SNF project but expressed concern about the
number of LEU rods offered and questioned whether Turkey's
DOE Y-12 energy credits could be converted into additional
LEU rods. DOE and Embassy reps. explained that the LEU
offered exceeded the HEU to be swapped and, while agreeing to
take Cakiroglu's question under advisement, made clear it
could not be linked to this time-sensitive offer which
required approval by July 18 to secure Turkish HEU pick up by
a ship scheduled to traverse the eastern Mediterranean in
October, 2005. Cakiroglu deferred to Energy Minister Guler
for a final decision. On July 18, Cakiroglu informally
advised Embassy that Turkey would not/not participate in the
October shipment. Formal notification is pending. He also
inquired about the status of the ratification of the Peaceful
Uses of Nuclear Energy Agreement that the U.S. and Turkey
signed in 2000. A DOE summary report of the discussions is at
para. 9. End Summary.
¶2. Charles Messick of DOE Savannah River Site, Dr. Jim Matos
of Argonne National Laboratory, CERCA Commercial Manager
Helios Nadal, and Deputy PolMilCouns met on July 11 with TAEK
President Okay Cakiroglu, Vice President Erdener Birol, and
Vice President Ali Alat to discuss the exchange of 8 new LEU
rods for 30 spent HEU rods at Turkey's Cekmece Research
Reactor. Messick emphasized the urgency of an immediate
decision and laid out the mechanics of the proposed Oct. 1
pick-up of Turkey's HEU, including DOE's request that Turkey
transport the HEU rods to a Mediterranean port to save
shipping time and costs. He emphasized that, based on the
low level of unused U-235 contained in Turkey's HEU rods, the
offer of 8 LEU rods was generous, with the actual equivalent
closer to 6 rods. The remaining U-235 in Turkey's HEU rods
would be used up soon and the 8 additional LEU rods would
provide Turkey with a fresh core to last for years. CERCA
Manager Nadal said the fresh LEU could be deliver to Turkey
by April 2006 if Turkey immediately agreed to the exchange.
He laid out the dollar value of the fresh LEU units Turkey
would receive.
¶3. TAEK President Cakiroglu disputed the remaining life in
Turkey's HEU rods, suggesting they would be usable for three
more years. He dismissed HEU disposal concerns, joking that
Turkey intended to enter the spent fuel storage market within
10-20 years to compete with western countries. He balked at
the projected April LEU delivery date, saying Turkey expected
to receive the fresh LEU before shipping its spent HEU.
¶4. Cakiroglu continued that TAEK did not want to use its 16
existing LEU rods to keep the existing reactor operating
until the fresh LEU arrived in April. Those rods were
designated for use in the core of a new reactor that should
come on line within 3.5 years as part of a program that
included upgrading the existing reactor. Cakiroglu added that
Turkey was ready to cash in a 1984 DOE Y-12 credit for 21
kilograms of LEU (note: the actual credit is for 4.7 kgs of
HEU which converts to about 21 kgs of LEU) still on the books
and convert that into completed LEU fuel assemblies to
supplement 8 LEU on offer to support this project. According
to Cakiroglu, TAEK hoped to start talks with Westinghouse and
a French firm regarding construction of the new reactor. Ten
construction sites had been evaluated but TAEK required
preliminary design parameters from potential site builders to
make the final decision. TAEK's current plan calls for
negotiations with the companies to begin in Fall 2006 and
builder selection in early 2007.
¶5. Turning to the DOE request for Turkey to ship overland the
spent HEU rods to a Mediterranean port, Cakiroglu demurred,
saying Turkish transport regulations were very stringent and,
given the large number of Aegean ports, Turkey did not want
to undertake the costs and security risks associated with
such a movement. Messick responded that DOE would work with
Turkey to identify the best port, but requested that Turkey
consider ports that would reduce shipping time. The ship
would arrive in the United States in mid-November.
¶6. Deputy PolMilCouns explained that the current HEU/LEU
exchange could not be linked to liquidation of Turkey's Y-12
credit. The HEU/LEU exchange was a one-time offer based on
current DOE funding and the scheduled shipment of HEU from
other countries through the eastern Mediterranean. There
might not be another ship in the region for months or years
and a second offer would be contingent on DOE funding
priorities at that time. She underscored that Turkey could
not be guaranteed an equivalent offer and urged a decision on
the merits of this exchange alone. In response to Messick's
statement that conversion of Turkey's Y-12 credits would be
contingent on US ratification of the Peaceful Uses of Nuclear
Energy Agreement, Cakiroglu suggested that a work-around,
such as the one identified for the current HEU/LEU swap
proposal, could be identified. Deputy PolMilCouns said that
issues related to the nuclear energy agreement were being
worked in Washington and offered to take back Turkey's
request to Washington for consideration.
¶7. Cakiroglu deferred decision on the exchange to Minister
of Energy Hilmi Guler, and said it would take time to get the
Minister's input but agreed that CERCA could submit a draft
contract to TAEK for initial review. Messick emphasized that
the July 18 deadline was firm and urged Cakiroglu to conduct
the necessary reviews immediately. On July 18, Cakiroglu
notified Deputy PolMilCouns that the MFA will formally notify
the Embassy that Turkey has decided to "wait for the next
shipment." She reiterated that Turkey may have to wait
months or even years for the next ship to pass by Turkey and
suggested that any future offer was unlikely to match the
offer on the table. Cakiroglu responded that, while Turkey
wanted to assist the USG, it was happy to continue using its
HEU until that time came. Comment: Post has not received
MFA notification of Turkey's rejection of this offer, which
may be a result of MFA summer rotations and vacations, which
have significantly thinned its ranks in the short term. End
Comment.
¶8. Cakiroglu explained that Turkey wants to cash in its Y-12
credits to increase the number of LEU units Turkey would
receive in exchange for its HEU. He lamented the lack of USG
ratification of the Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Energy Agreement
and looked forward to its ratification in order to facilitate
Turkey's compensation for the Y-12 credits. He added that
TAEK had been investigating the chain of events leading to
Turkey's agreement to deliver HEU to the USG in 1984 and said
some documentation suggested that Turkey's credit was with
Westinghouse, and not the USG. If that proved to be the
case, he queried whether agreement ratification was necessary
for Turkey to be compensated. Deputy PolMilCouns offered to
investigate the issue further but suggested it was unlikely
that the credits were with private industry.
¶9. Following is the text of the DOE Trip Report prepared by
DOE Savannah River Site Manager Chuck Messick:
Begin Text of Report:
Turkish Atomic Energy Authority (TAEK)
Ankara, Turkey
Regarding the TR-2 Research Reactor at Cekmece Nuclear
Research and Training Center (CNAEM)
July 10 - 13, 2005
VISITING TEAM
Mr. Charles Messick, Department of Energy-Savannah River
Operations Office
(charles.messick@srs.gov); 803-725-9494; 803-725-8856
(fax)
Dr. Jim Matos, Argonne National Laboratory
KEY PERSONNEL IN TURKEY
Mr. Okay CAKIROGLU, President TAEK
Tel: 90-312-287-5723
Fax: 90-312-287-8761
Email: okay@taek.gov.tr
Dr. Erdener BIROL, Vice President TAEK
Tel: 90-312-287-6536
Fax: 90-312-287-8761
Email: erdener.birol@taek.gov.tr
Mr. Ali ALAT, Vice President TAEK
Tel: 90-312-284-0264
Fax: 90-312-287-8761
Email: ali.alat@taek.gov.tr
KEY EMBASSY PERSONNEL
Mr. Kevin Lyon, EXBS Advisor
Political/Military Section
Tel: 90-312-455-5555 ext. 2525
Fax: 90-312-468-4775
Email: LyonK@state.gov
Ms. Maggie Nardi, Deputy Counselor for Political-Military
Affairs, participated in the meeting for Mr. Lyon.
NardiMH@state.gov
OTHER KEY PERSONNEL
Mr. Helios Nadal, Commercial Manager for CERCA
Tel: 33-(0)1-47-96 58 86
Fax: 33-(0)1-47 96 58 92
Email: helios.nadal@framatome-anp.com
PURPOSE OF THE VISIT
To discuss U. S. nuclear weapons nonproliferation policy and
program issues concerning TAEK,s participation in the
Foreign Research Reactor (FRR) Spent Nuclear Fuel (SNF)
Acceptance Program near-term shipment involving the TR-2
Research Reactor. Immediate consideration and determination
is required if TAEK will participate in this shipment.
INTRODUCTION
The Turkish Atomic Energy Commission was founded in 1956 as a
first step in the recognition of peaceful uses of nuclear
energy in Turkey. The first task of this Commission was the
establishment of the ekmece Nuclear Research and Training
Center (CNAEM) in 1962 in Istanbul. The first Turkish
Research Reactor, TR-1 (1 MW), was also installed and
operated in the same year at CNAEM. TR-1 was operated
continuously for fifteen years from May 27, 1962 to September
13, 1977. The 32 fuel assemblies from TR-1 were sent to
Idaho in 1984. The TR-1 reactor was functionally replaced by
the 5 MW TR-2 reactor in 1982 to meet the increasing demand
for radioisotopes. The TR-1 reactor components still exist
at CNAEM.
At the time of this visit, the reactor is operated briefly
approximately once per week, if at all. TAEK indicated they
have plans to increase power from 5 MW to 10 MW in the
future. Currently, 18 HEU fuel assemblies and three LEU fuel
assemblies are in the core.
FUEL INVENTORY
The TR-2 fuel assemblies are MTR type assemblies.
Characteristics of TR-2 fuel and control assemblies that may
be returned to the U.S. are provided below.
HEU
Nominal Number at Facility 30 Consisting of:
18 standard (23 plates),
1 fresh control
instrumented assembly
2 irradiation (12 plates)
1 standard instrumented
assembly
8 control (17 plates))
Enrichment 93.3 %
Fuel Meat U-Al alloy
Clad Al
Initial U-235(g) /assembly 281 standard
(2 irradiation@146; 1 std
instrumented@281;
and 1 control instrumented @
208 )
8 control @208
Burn-up 40% average
LEU (Non-US origin/Not returnable to the US)
Nominal Number at Facility 16 Consisting of:
10 standard (23 plates)
2 irradiation (12 plates)
4 control (17 plates)
Enrichment 19.8%
Fuel Meat U3Si Dispersion in Al
Clad Al
Initial U-235 (g) / assembly 406 standard (300 control,
212 irradiation)
Burnup (see below)
Only two standard LEU assemblies and one irradiation assembly
are in the core at present. The standard elements have a
burnup of about 7.5% and the irradiation assembly 12.5%.
Note 1: One of the irradiation assemblies is a fresh LEU
assembly. The irradiation assemblies have 12 plates (TR2
1004) with tubes in the center for irradiation activities.
The assembly construction is slightly different from the
standard assembly.
Note 2: The instrumented assemblies are both HEU, one with
little burnup and the other unirradiated.
Note 3: It was identified during this trip that the TR-2 LEU
fuel assemblies does not have uranium enriched in the United
States making this material ineligible for shipment to the US
under the FRR SNF Acceptance Program. However, it is noted
that the FRR SNF Acceptance Program,s EIS is incorrect.
CONDITION OF FUEL
The team did not visit the reactor facility, nor view the
potential fuel that may be shipped. From the previous
assessment conducted in January 2005, all spent fuel is
stored in the large part of the TR-2 pool. Most of the fuel
is stored in two baskets located on the floor of the pool.
The assemblies in the core are located in the TR-2 side of
the pool. The reactor pool is stainless steel lined. All
spent fuel is stored in aluminum racks. Fresh fuel is stored
in a vault located one floor below the reactor.
An evaluation of fuel was previously conducted by WSRC.
FACILITIES RELATED TO PACKAGING
Not conducted during this visit
POTENTIAL TRANSPORTATION ROUTE FROM THE REACTOR TO THE PORT
OF EXPORT
Not discussed during this visit
REGULATORY AUTHORITY
The TR-2 at the ekmece Nuclear Research and Training Center
is part of the Turkish Atomic Energy Authority. There is no
separate nuclear regulatory authority in Turkey at the
present time.
POTENTIAL PROBLEM AREAS
An agreement in principal must be made by Monday, July 18
2005, to allow inclusion of the TR-2 fuel in this planned
shipment. Immediate follow-through on allow pre-shipment
activities must occur to meet the planned shipment schedule
noting that the shipment has already been delayed to the
point that severe problems will occur if the shipment is
further delayed.
DISCUSSIONS, AGREEMENTS, AND ACTIONS
¶1. The participants discussed the urgent need to reach an
agreement in principal and, if approved, actively work toward
all pre-shipment actions required to initiate the shipment.
The three primary issues discussed involved the applicability
of the Agreement for Nuclear Cooperation between the GOT and
the USG, consideration for unused U-235 still contained in
the HEU that would be shipped, and the schedule for delivery
of additional replacement LEU fuel from a fuel fabricator.
TAEK understood that TAEK,s decision deadline is the close
of business Monday, July 18, 2005. An agreement in principal
is expected to be in the form of an email message from TAEK
to DOE.
¶2. Previous discussions, agreements, and actions were
documented in the DOE Trip Report from October 12, 1999,
January 14, 2005, and NAC Internationals, trip report dated
March 14, 2005.
¶3. TAEK understands that DOE has an urgent need to reach
an agreement in principal to establish a shipment of FRR SNF
from the eastern Mediterranean area to include the TR-2 HEU
fuel to arrive in the United States in the calendar year
¶2005. If the agreement in principal is reached, DOE will
prepare a proposed contract and issue to TAEK the week of
July 18, 2005.
¶4. DOE and the US Embassy in Ankara explained that the
Agreement for Nuclear Cooperation (hereafter referred to as
Agreement) is being worked between the GOT and the USG
separately and is not part of the discussions or proposals
made under the proposal made by DOE.
¶5. TAEK and DOE agreed that a shipment may be possible if
an agreement in principal can be reached, particularly
regarding an agreement for consideration for TAEK,s unused
U-235 in the existing HEU fuel. Previous DOE proposals
considered the unused U-235 contained in the HEU fuel which
was rejected noting the lack of an Agreement. TAEK
understood that the current proposal is not contingent on an
Agreement being in place and that appropriate authorizations
have been obtained. Discussions included Dr. Matos,
presentation of justification of the quantity of usable U-235
remaining in the HEU. Although, it is believed that TAEK
understands this point, TAEK desires an exact number of fuel
assembly exchange which is not being offered by DOE.
¶6. TAEK, DOE, and Mr. Nadal discussed the fuel fabrication
schedule of the proposed 8 LEU fuel assemblies with non-US
origin uranium. Mr. Nadal explained the estimated cost
breakdown for 6 LEU standard assemblies, 2 LEU control
assemblies, the supply of non-US origin uranium for fuel
fabrication, and delivery and logistical cost for the
proposed supply of LEU fuel in consideration for the shipment
of the 30 HEU fuel assemblies to be shipped in the calendar
year 2005 in a accordance with a joint schedule with other
reactor operators. Mr. Nadal also indicated that if a
contract was made with CERCA prior to the end of July, the
fuel might be able to be delivered in February 2006, but also
indicated that April 2006 was more possible. DOE described
that if an agreement in principal is reached, DOE would
provide funding to TAEK to enter into a contract with a fuel
fabricator for fuel fabrication. Mr. Nadal will send a draft
contract to TAEK the week of July 18, 2005 and is considered
almost identical to the contract used to provide the previous
16 LEU fuel assemblies in the early 1990,s. Note: Mr. Nadal
was subsequently able to confirm the transportation mechanism
on commercial aircraft providing a better cost estimate.
¶7. Mr. Okay CAKIROGLU again raised the issue to keep the
one fresh HEU fuel assembly with an agreement that TAEK would
not use the assembly if an agreement to participate is made.
DOE responded that that was not possible and not in DOE,s
proposal.
¶8. TAEK and DOE discussed that TAEK currently has uranium
credit at DOE,s Y-12 Facility. According to Y-12 the credit
is for 4.703 Kg at 85.6%, which translates to approximately
21 Kgs of LEU at 19.75% enrichment. Exact amounts must be
verified and is understood that this material is not
available to TAEK until the Agreement is in place and is not
part of this proposal.
¶9. TAEK, CERCA, and DOE discussed that TAEK currently has
1.7 Kgs non-US origin uranium credit at CERCA which is
available for TAEK,s use, but is not considered in DOE,s
proposal.
End Text.
MCELDOWNEY