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Viewing cable 09MANAGUA242, NICARAGUAN SEAFOOD SECTOR HIT HARD BY GLOBAL ECONOMIC DOWNTURN
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Reference ID | Created | Released | Classification | Origin |
---|---|---|---|---|
09MANAGUA242 | 2009-03-06 17:32 | 2011-08-19 20:00 | UNCLASSIFIED | Embassy Managua |
VZCZCXYZ0001
RR RUEHWEB
DE RUEHMU #0242/01 0651732
ZNR UUUUU ZZH
R 061732Z MAR 09
FM AMEMBASSY MANAGUA
TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC 3841
INFO RUEHZA/WHA CENTRAL AMERICAN COLLECTIVE
RUEATRS/DEPT OF TREASURY WASHINGTON DC
RUCPDOC/DEPT OF COMMERCE WASHINGTON DC
UNCLAS MANAGUA 000242
SIPDIS
STATE PASS USTR
STATE FOR WHA/CEN
E.O. 12958: N/A
TAGS: EFIS ECON ETRD NU
SUBJECT: NICARAGUAN SEAFOOD SECTOR HIT HARD BY GLOBAL ECONOMIC DOWNTURN
SUMMARY
-------
¶1. Seafood is a major industry for Nicaragua and the
country's fifth leading export. The industry concentrates on
cultivated shrimp and wild-harvested lobster. Seafood
production employs 55,000 people nationwide, of whom 20,000
live and work on the Caribbean coast, where the industry is
the major employer. The majority of seafood is exported to
the United States. While exports increased overall in 2008
over 2007, market prices for cultivated shrimp and lobster
fell dramatically during the last quarter of 2008. Industry
officials predict that 2009 exports may fall by as much as
50%. With demand for high-end seafood products such as
lobster and shrimp down sharply in the United States and
Europe as the result of the global economic crisis, the
Nicaraguan seafood industry has been hit hard.
THE INDUSTRY
------------
¶2. The Nicaraguan seafood industry produces four main
products: cultivated shrimp, wild-harvested shrimp, lobster,
and an assorted variety of mostly ocean-caught fish.
Cultivated shrimp and lobster are the primary products,
accounting for 80% of the dollar value of Nicaragua's seafood
exports. Cultivated shrimp is produced largely in the
northwest, while lobster is harvested along the Caribbean
coast. Eighty percent of Nicaragua's seafood catch comes
from the Caribbean coast, which has the largest continental
shelf in Central America. Small in population, the Caribbean
coast relies on the seafood industry as its largest employer.
According to the Nicaraguan Chamber of Fisheries (CAPENIC),
the industry accounts for up to 70% of the local economy
there, employing as many as 20,000 people. Nationally, the
seafood industry employs 55,000 people. In recent years,
seafood has been a dynamic growth industry for Nicaragua,
generating approximately 1.5% of GDP and climbing to
Nicaragua's fifth leading export.
THE EXPORT MARKET
-----------------
¶3. Almost all Nicaraguan seafood is exported. According to
CAPENIC, 95% of domestically produced seafood products are
sold on the international market, mostly in the United
States. Historically, up to 90% of Nicaragua's seafood
products have been exported to the United States. In the
last two years, seafood exports to Europe have increased.
One reason is because Pescanova, the giant Spanish seafood
company, acquired the U.S.-owned Camarones de Nicaragua
(producers of cultivated shrimp) in 2006 and, in 2008, opened
the largest shrimp processing plant in the Western
Hemisphere. Another shrimp producer, Sahlman Seafoods
(U.S.), has shifted up to 60% of its shrimp exports to
Europe. The Nicaraguan Center for Export Procedures (CETREX)
reports exports of $116 million in seafood in 2006, $121
million in 2007, and $146 million in 2008 -- a 26% increase
in two years.
¶4. Both the volume and value of Nicaraguan seafood exports
increased significantly in 2008. The increase in
dollar-value exports in 2008 was driven by a 70% increase in
the value of exports of cultivated shrimp. For the first
time, cultivated shrimp overtook lobster as Nicaragua's main
seafood export.
GLOBAL COLLAPSE IN DEMAND
-------------------------
¶5. While the first three quarters of 2008 were very
successful, U.S. and international demand for luxury foods
such as lobster collapsed in the final quarter of 2008 under
the weight of the growing global economic crisis. In the
last four months of 2008, CAPENIC estimates that Nicaraguan
shellfish exports fell by 30%. Today, local industry has
built up an inventory of around 500,000 pounds of lobster and
200,000 pounds of shrimp, bringing production to a halt.
Half of the lobster inventory has been shipped to the United
States, where it sits in cold storage waiting for a buyer.
Storage costs between 3 to 5 cents per pound per month,
translating into a monthly storage cost for this industry of
around $30,000. In 2009, CAPENIC estimates that seafood
product exports may fall by as much as 50% from 2008 levels,
putting thousands of artisanal fishers, mainly from the
Caribbean, out of work.
CULTIVATED SHRIMP
-----------------
¶6. In 2008, the value of Nicaraguan exports of cultivated
shrimp increased by 70% over 2007, making it the country's
leading seafood export. The country exported $63 million of
cultivated shrimp in 2008, up from $37 million in 2007. This
increase is a result of a 28% increase in the average market
price of cultivated shrimp for the year and a 31% increase in
export volume in Nicaragua.
¶7. Though cultivated shrimp exports showed strong growth
during 2008, the market has not escaped the global economic
decline. The market price for cultivated shrimp fell
significantly during the last quarter of 2008, coming in at
14% lower in January 2009 than in January 2008.
Nevertheless, large producers, such as Camarones de
Nicaragua, owned by Pescanova of Spain, and Sahlman Seafoods,
have both the capital and the storage capacity to survive a
down market. In addition they can shift production from
larger, more expensive shrimp to smaller shrimp, which are
less expensive and thus less affected by a decline in global
demand.
CARIBBEAN LOBSTER
-----------------
¶8. For lobsters, the situation is considerably more complex.
In 2008, the average market price of lobster rose by 12%,
resulting in a 9% increase in the value of lobster exports
for the year, despite a slight decrease in volume. These
figures partly reflect the exceptionally high price of $22
per pound in early 2008. The price collapsed in the last
quarter of the year to $10 per pound in January, 2009.
According to CAPENIC, $12 per pound is the break-even price.
Producers have been sitting on inventory hoping that the
price would recover, but are now beginning to sell at a price
that at least covers the cost of production. The value of
lobster exports in January 2009 was 70% below that of January
¶2008.
¶9. The lobster industry largely depends on artisanal
fishermen, many of whom still dive for lobster rather than
use traps. Poor diving practices, which legislation is
attempting to halt, have resulted in widespread decompression
sickness among divers. These men, who increasingly dive in
deeper water because shallow waters have been picked clean,
lack the wherewithal to survive a market downturn. As a
result, the crisis in the export market is likely to force
many of then out of business. The fall in demand for lobster
follows on the heels of high fuel prices in 2008 and the
economic devastation of Hurricane Felix in 2007.
FISH AND WILD-HARVESTED SHRIMP
------------------------------
¶10. In addition to lobsters and cultivated shrimp, Nicaragua
exports wild-harvested shrimp and assorted species of fish.
In 2008, Nicaragua exported $8.3 million worth of wild
shrimp, 30% less than in 2007. Shrimp trawlers are now
located exclusively on the Caribbean coast, as harvests off
Nicaragua's Pacific coast declined steadily since 1999 and
ceased in 2007. As with lobster, global demand for wild
shrimp has declined, leading to a large inventory of unsold
shrimp.
¶11. Nicaraguan fish exports, caught off both coasts, have
remained relatively stable. Nicaragua exported about $22
million worth of fish in 2008, approximately the same amount
as it exported in 2007. While a significant export
commodity, Nicaragua's fish exports are valued at less than
half the per pound price of lobster or shrimp exports. The
leading species are red snapper and snook. Nicaragua also
exports some freshwater fish, 40% of which is tilapia farmed
in Lake Nicaragua. With an abundance of fresh water and a
warm climate, Nicaragua has the best conditions in Central
America for farming tilapia.
HELP FROM THE GOVERNMENT?
-------------------------
¶12. In response to the decline in global damand, lobster producers and industry representatives are requesting government subsidies, plus a moratorium on taxes charged per pound of seafood harvested from Nicaraguan waters, totaling as much as 30 cents per pound. To date, however, the government has focused on finding new markets, initiating talks with Russian and Iranian officials to facilitate exports. Industry representatives dismiss this effort because of the distances involved and high transportation costs. CAPENIC is also proposing that the GON take advantage of the industry slowdown to introduce badly needed reforms. They want the GON to finance the transformation of lobster boats outfitted for divers to boats outfitted with traps. CAPENIC also wants the government to promote fish farming to make up for lost income and employment from lobster.
COMMENT
-------
¶13. (SBU) As widely reported in the local press, producers
and exporters continue to be unable to sell their product in
overseas markets at a profitable price, threatening thousands
of jobs, especially on the Caribbean coast. While the
government has held talks with Russian and Iranian officials
hoping to open new markets for Nicaraguan seafood, the
likelihood that this will result in quick sales is not high.
It is also unlikely that the government will dedicate scarce
budget resources to subsidies or long-term structural reforms
in support of the industry in the near term.
CALLAHAN