

Currently released so far... 51122 / 251,287
Articles
Brazil
Sri Lanka
United Kingdom
Sweden
00. Editorial
United States
Latin America
Egypt
Jordan
Yemen
Thailand
Browse latest releases
2010/12/01
2010/12/02
2010/12/03
2010/12/04
2010/12/05
2010/12/06
2010/12/07
2010/12/08
2010/12/09
2010/12/10
2010/12/11
2010/12/12
2010/12/13
2010/12/14
2010/12/15
2010/12/16
2010/12/17
2010/12/18
2010/12/19
2010/12/20
2010/12/21
2010/12/22
2010/12/23
2010/12/24
2010/12/25
2010/12/26
2010/12/27
2010/12/28
2010/12/29
2010/12/30
2011/01/01
2011/01/02
2011/01/04
2011/01/05
2011/01/07
2011/01/09
2011/01/11
2011/01/12
2011/01/13
2011/01/14
2011/01/15
2011/01/16
2011/01/17
2011/01/18
2011/01/19
2011/01/20
2011/01/21
2011/01/22
2011/01/23
2011/01/24
2011/01/25
2011/01/26
2011/01/27
2011/01/28
2011/01/29
2011/01/30
2011/01/31
2011/02/01
2011/02/02
2011/02/03
2011/02/04
2011/02/05
2011/02/06
2011/02/07
2011/02/08
2011/02/09
2011/02/10
2011/02/11
2011/02/12
2011/02/13
2011/02/14
2011/02/15
2011/02/16
2011/02/17
2011/02/18
2011/02/19
2011/02/20
2011/02/21
2011/02/22
2011/02/23
2011/02/24
2011/02/25
2011/02/26
2011/02/27
2011/02/28
2011/03/01
2011/03/02
2011/03/03
2011/03/04
2011/03/05
2011/03/06
2011/03/07
2011/03/08
2011/03/09
2011/03/10
2011/03/11
2011/03/13
2011/03/14
2011/03/15
2011/03/16
2011/03/17
2011/03/18
2011/03/19
2011/03/20
2011/03/21
2011/03/22
2011/03/23
2011/03/24
2011/03/25
2011/03/26
2011/03/27
2011/03/28
2011/03/29
2011/03/30
2011/03/31
2011/04/01
2011/04/02
2011/04/03
2011/04/04
2011/04/05
2011/04/06
2011/04/07
2011/04/08
2011/04/09
2011/04/10
2011/04/11
2011/04/12
2011/04/13
2011/04/14
2011/04/15
2011/04/16
2011/04/17
2011/04/18
2011/04/19
2011/04/20
2011/04/21
2011/04/22
2011/04/23
2011/04/24
2011/04/25
2011/04/26
2011/04/27
2011/04/28
2011/04/29
2011/04/30
2011/05/01
2011/05/02
2011/05/03
2011/05/04
2011/05/05
2011/05/06
2011/05/07
2011/05/08
2011/05/09
2011/05/10
2011/05/11
2011/05/12
2011/05/13
2011/05/14
2011/05/15
2011/05/16
2011/05/17
2011/05/18
2011/05/19
2011/05/20
2011/05/21
2011/05/22
2011/05/23
2011/05/24
2011/05/25
2011/05/26
2011/05/27
2011/05/28
2011/05/29
2011/05/30
2011/05/31
2011/06/01
2011/06/02
2011/06/03
2011/06/04
2011/06/05
2011/06/06
2011/06/07
2011/06/08
2011/06/09
2011/06/10
2011/06/11
2011/06/12
2011/06/13
2011/06/14
2011/06/15
2011/06/16
2011/06/17
2011/06/18
2011/06/19
2011/06/20
2011/06/21
2011/06/22
2011/06/23
2011/06/24
2011/06/25
2011/06/26
2011/06/27
2011/06/28
2011/06/29
2011/06/30
2011/07/01
2011/07/02
2011/07/04
2011/07/05
2011/07/06
2011/07/07
2011/07/08
2011/07/10
2011/07/11
2011/07/12
2011/07/13
2011/07/14
2011/07/15
2011/07/16
2011/07/17
2011/07/18
2011/07/19
2011/07/20
2011/07/21
2011/07/22
2011/07/23
2011/07/25
2011/07/27
2011/07/28
2011/07/29
2011/07/31
2011/08/01
2011/08/02
2011/08/03
2011/08/05
2011/08/06
2011/08/07
2011/08/08
2011/08/09
2011/08/10
2011/08/11
2011/08/12
2011/08/13
2011/08/15
2011/08/16
2011/08/17
2011/08/18
2011/08/19
2011/08/21
2011/08/22
2011/08/23
2011/08/24
Browse by creation date
Browse by origin
Embassy Athens
Embassy Asuncion
Embassy Astana
Embassy Asmara
Embassy Ashgabat
Embassy Apia
Embassy Antananarivo
Embassy Ankara
Embassy Amman
Embassy Algiers
Embassy Addis Ababa
Embassy Accra
Embassy Abuja
Embassy Abu Dhabi
Embassy Abidjan
Consulate Auckland
Consulate Amsterdam
Consulate Alexandria
Consulate Adana
American Institute Taiwan, Taipei
Embasy Bonn
Embassy Bujumbura
Embassy Buenos Aires
Embassy Budapest
Embassy Bucharest
Embassy Brussels
Embassy Bridgetown
Embassy Brazzaville
Embassy Bratislava
Embassy Brasilia
Embassy Bogota
Embassy Bishkek
Embassy Bern
Embassy Berlin
Embassy Belmopan
Embassy Belgrade
Embassy Beirut
Embassy Beijing
Embassy Banjul
Embassy Bangui
Embassy Bangkok
Embassy Bandar Seri Begawan
Embassy Bamako
Embassy Baku
Embassy Baghdad
Consulate Belfast
Consulate Barcelona
Embassy Cotonou
Embassy Copenhagen
Embassy Conakry
Embassy Colombo
Embassy Chisinau
Embassy Caracas
Embassy Canberra
Embassy Cairo
Consulate Curacao
Consulate Ciudad Juarez
Consulate Chiang Mai
Consulate Chennai
Consulate Chengdu
Consulate Casablanca
Consulate Cape Town
Consulate Calgary
Embassy Dushanbe
Embassy Dublin
Embassy Doha
Embassy Djibouti
Embassy Dili
Embassy Dhaka
Embassy Dar Es Salaam
Embassy Damascus
Embassy Dakar
DIR FSINFATC
Consulate Dusseldorf
Consulate Durban
Consulate Dubai
Consulate Dhahran
Embassy Guatemala
Embassy Grenada
Embassy Georgetown
Embassy Gaborone
Consulate Guayaquil
Consulate Guangzhou
Consulate Guadalajara
Embassy Helsinki
Embassy Harare
Embassy Hanoi
Consulate Hong Kong
Consulate Ho Chi Minh City
Consulate Hermosillo
Consulate Hamilton
Consulate Hamburg
Consulate Halifax
Embassy Kyiv
Embassy Kuwait
Embassy Kuala Lumpur
Embassy Kolonia
Embassy Kinshasa
Embassy Kingston
Embassy Kigali
Embassy Khartoum
Embassy Kathmandu
Embassy Kampala
Embassy Kabul
Consulate Krakow
Consulate Kolkata
Consulate Karachi
Embassy Luxembourg
Embassy Lusaka
Embassy Luanda
Embassy London
Embassy Lome
Embassy Ljubljana
Embassy Lisbon
Embassy Lima
Embassy Lilongwe
Embassy Libreville
Embassy La Paz
Consulate Leipzig
Consulate Lahore
Consulate Lagos
Mission USOSCE
Mission USNATO
Mission UNESCO
Mission Geneva
Embassy Muscat
Embassy Moscow
Embassy Montevideo
Embassy Monrovia
Embassy Mogadishu
Embassy Minsk
Embassy Mexico
Embassy Mbabane
Embassy Maseru
Embassy Maputo
Embassy Manila
Embassy Manama
Embassy Managua
Embassy Malabo
Embassy Madrid
Consulate Munich
Consulate Mumbai
Consulate Montreal
Consulate Monterrey
Consulate Milan
Consulate Merida
Consulate Melbourne
Consulate Matamoros
Consulate Marseille
Embassy Nouakchott
Embassy Nicosia
Embassy Niamey
Embassy New Delhi
Embassy Ndjamena
Embassy Nassau
Embassy Nairobi
Consulate Nuevo Laredo
Consulate Naples
Consulate Naha
Consulate Nagoya
Embassy Pristina
Embassy Pretoria
Embassy Praia
Embassy Prague
Embassy Port Of Spain
Embassy Port Moresby
Embassy Port Louis
Embassy Port Au Prince
Embassy Podgorica
Embassy Phnom Penh
Embassy Paris
Embassy Paramaribo
Embassy Panama
Consulate Peshawar
REO Hillah
REO Basrah
Embassy Rome
Embassy Riyadh
Embassy Riga
Embassy Reykjavik
Embassy Rangoon
Embassy Rabat
Consulate Rio De Janeiro
Consulate Recife
Secretary of State
Embassy Suva
Embassy Stockholm
Embassy Sofia
Embassy Skopje
Embassy Singapore
Embassy Seoul
Embassy Sarajevo
Embassy Santo Domingo
Embassy Santiago
Embassy Sanaa
Embassy San Salvador
Embassy San Jose
Consulate Surabaya
Consulate Strasbourg
Consulate St Petersburg
Consulate Shenyang
Consulate Shanghai
Consulate Sapporo
Consulate Sao Paulo
Embassy Tunis
Embassy Tripoli
Embassy Tokyo
Embassy Tirana
Embassy The Hague
Embassy Tel Aviv
Embassy Tehran
Embassy Tegucigalpa
Embassy Tbilisi
Embassy Tashkent
Embassy Tallinn
Consulate Toronto
Consulate Tijuana
Consulate Thessaloniki
USUN New York
USMISSION USTR GENEVA
USEU Brussels
US Office Almaty
US Mission Geneva
US Mission CD Geneva
US Interests Section Havana
US Delegation, Secretary
UNVIE
UN Rome
Embassy Ulaanbaatar
Embassy Vilnius
Embassy Vientiane
Embassy Vienna
Embassy Vatican
Embassy Valletta
Consulate Vladivostok
Consulate Vancouver
Browse by tag
AMGT
ASEC
AEMR
AR
APECO
AU
AORC
ADANA
AJ
AF
AFIN
AMED
AS
AM
ABLD
AFFAIRS
AMB
APER
ACOA
AND
AA
AE
AADP
AID
AO
AL
AG
AORD
ADM
AINF
AINT
ASEAN
AORG
ABT
APEC
AY
ASUP
ARF
AGOA
AVIAN
ATRN
ANET
AGIT
ASECVE
ABUD
AODE
ALOW
ADB
AN
ADPM
ASPA
ARABL
AFSN
AZ
AC
AIAG
AFSI
ASCE
ASIG
ACABQ
ADIP
AFGHANISTAN
AROC
ADCO
ACOTA
ANARCHISTS
AMEDCASCKFLO
AK
ARABBL
ASCH
ANTITERRORISM
AGRICULTURE
AOCR
ARR
ASSEMBLY
AORCYM
AFPK
ACKM
AGMT
AEC
APRC
AIN
AFPREL
ASFC
ASECTH
AFSA
AINR
AOPC
AFAF
AFARI
AX
ASECAF
ASECAFIN
AT
AFZAL
APCS
AGAO
AIT
ARCH
AEMRASECCASCKFLOMARRPRELPINRAMGTJMXL
AMEX
ARM
AQ
ATFN
AMBASSADOR
AORCD
AVIATION
ARAS
AINFCY
ACBAQ
AOPR
AREP
AOIC
ASEX
ASEK
AER
AGR
AMCT
AVERY
APR
AEMRS
AFU
AMG
ATPDEA
ASECKFRDCVISKIRFPHUMSMIGEG
AORL
ACS
AMCHAMS
AECL
AUC
ACAO
BA
BR
BB
BG
BEXP
BY
BRUSSELS
BU
BD
BTIO
BK
BL
BE
BMGT
BO
BM
BX
BN
BWC
BBSR
BTT
BC
BH
BILAT
BUSH
BHUM
BT
BTC
BMENA
BOND
BAIO
BP
BF
BRPA
BURNS
BUT
BBG
BCW
BOEHNER
BOL
BASHAR
BIDEN
BFIN
BZ
BEXPC
BTIU
CPAS
CA
CASC
CS
CBW
CIDA
CO
CODEL
CI
CROS
CU
CH
CWC
CMGT
CVIS
CDG
CTR
CG
CF
CHIEF
CJAN
CBSA
CE
CY
CB
CW
CM
CHR
CD
COE
CV
COUNTER
CT
CN
CPUOS
CTERR
CVR
CVPR
CDC
COUNTRY
CLEARANCE
CONS
COM
CACS
CR
CONTROLS
CAN
CACM
COMMERCE
CAMBODIA
CFIS
COUNTERTERRORISM
CITES
CONDOLEEZZA
CZ
CTBT
CEN
CLINTON
CFED
CARC
CTM
CARICOM
CSW
CICTE
CYPRUS
CBE
CMGMT
CARSON
CWCM
CIVS
COUNTRYCLEARANCE
CENTCOM
CAPC
COPUOS
CKGR
CITEL
CQ
CITT
CIC
CARIB
CVIC
CAFTA
CVISU
CDB
CEDAW
CNC
CJUS
COMMAND
CENTER
COL
CAJC
CONSULAR
CLMT
CBC
CIA
CNARC
CIS
CEUDA
CHINA
CAC
CL
DR
DJ
DEMOCRATIC
DEMARCHE
DOMESTIC
DISENGAGEMENT
DB
DA
DHS
DAO
DCM
DAVID
DO
DEAX
DEFENSE
DEA
DTRO
DPRK
DOC
DTRA
DK
DAC
DOD
DRL
DRC
DCG
DE
DOT
DEPT
DOE
DS
DKEM
ECON
ETTC
EFIS
ETRD
EC
EMIN
EAGR
EAID
EFIN
EUN
ECIN
EG
EWWT
EINV
ENRG
ELAB
EPET
EIND
EN
EAIR
EUMEM
ECPS
ES
EI
ELTN
ET
EZ
EU
ER
EINT
ENGR
ECONOMIC
ENIV
EFTA
ETRN
EMS
EUREM
EPA
ESTH
EEB
EET
ENV
EAG
EXIM
ECTRD
ELNT
ENVIRONMENT
ECA
EAP
EINDIR
ETR
ECONOMY
ETRC
ELECTIONS
EICN
EXPORT
EARG
EGHG
EID
ETRO
EINF
EAIDHO
ECIP
EENV
EURM
EPEC
ERNG
ENERG
EIAD
EXBS
ED
EREL
ELAM
EK
EWT
ENGRD
EDEV
ECE
ENGY
EXIMOPIC
ETRDEC
ECCT
EUR
ENRGPARMOTRASENVKGHGPGOVECONTSPLEAID
EFI
ECOSOC
EXTERNAL
ESCAP
ETCC
EENG
ERA
ENRD
ECLAC
ETRAD
EBRD
ENVR
ECONENRG
ELTNSNAR
ELAP
EPIT
EDUC
EAIDXMXAXBXFFR
EETC
EIVN
EDRC
EGOV
ETRA
EAIDRW
ETRDEINVECINPGOVCS
ESA
ETRDGK
ENVI
ELN
EPRT
EPTED
ERTD
EUM
EAIDS
EFINECONEAIDUNGAGM
EDU
EV
EAIDAF
EDA
EPREL
EINVEFIN
EAGER
ETMIN
EUCOM
ECCP
EIDN
EINVKSCA
ENNP
EFINECONCS
ETC
EAIRASECCASCID
EINN
ETRP
ECONOMICS
ENERGY
EIAR
EINDETRD
ECONEFIN
EURN
ETRDEINVTINTCS
EFIM
ETIO
EATO
EIPR
EINVETC
ETTD
ETDR
EIQ
ECONCS
ENRGIZ
EAIG
ENTG
EUC
ERD
EINVECONSENVCSJA
EEPET
EUNCH
ESENV
ECINECONCS
ETRDECONWTOCS
ECUN
FR
FI
FOREIGN
FARM
FIR
FAO
FK
FARC
FAS
FJ
FREEDOM
FAC
FINANCE
FBI
FTAA
FM
FCS
FAA
FORCE
FDA
FTA
FT
FCSC
FMGT
FINR
FIN
FDIC
FOR
FOI
FO
FMLN
FISO
GM
GERARD
GT
GA
GG
GR
GTIP
GH
GZ
GE
GB
GY
GAZA
GJ
GEORGE
GOI
GCC
GMUS
GI
GLOBAL
GV
GC
GL
GOV
GKGIC
GF
GWI
GIPNC
GUTIERREZ
GTMO
GANGS
GAERC
GUILLERMO
GASPAR
HR
HA
HYMPSK
HO
HK
HUMAN
HU
HN
HHS
HURI
HUD
HUMRIT
HUMANITARIAN
HUMANR
HL
HSTC
HILLARY
HCOPIL
HADLEY
HOURANI
HI
HUM
HEBRON
HUMOR
IZ
IN
IAEA
IS
IMO
ILO
IR
IC
IT
ITU
ID
IV
IMF
IBRD
IWC
ICAO
ICRC
INF
IO
IPR
ISO
IK
ISRAELI
IQ
ICES
IDB
INFLUENZA
IRAQI
ISCON
IGAD
IRAN
ITALY
IRAQ
ICTY
ICTR
ITPGOV
ITALIAN
IQNV
IADB
INTERNAL
INMARSAT
IRDB
ILC
INCB
INRB
ICJ
ISRAEL
INR
IEA
ISPA
ICCAT
IOM
ITRD
IHO
IL
IFAD
ITRA
IDLI
ISCA
INL
INRA
INTELSAT
ISAF
ISPL
IRS
IEF
ITER
INDO
IIP
IND
IEFIN
IACI
IAHRC
INNP
IA
INTERPOL
IFIN
ISSUES
IZPREL
IRAJ
IF
ITPHUM
ITA
IP
IRPE
IDA
ISLAMISTS
ITF
INRO
IBET
IDP
IRC
KMDR
KPAO
KOMC
KNNP
KFLO
KDEM
KSUM
KIPR
KFLU
KE
KCRM
KJUS
KAWC
KZ
KSCA
KDRG
KCOR
KGHG
KPAL
KTIP
KMCA
KCRS
KPKO
KOLY
KRVC
KVPR
KG
KWBG
KTER
KS
KN
KSPR
KWMN
KV
KTFN
KFRD
KU
KSTC
KSTH
KISL
KGIC
KSEP
KFIN
KTEX
KTIA
KUNR
KCMR
KCIP
KMOC
KTDB
KBIO
KBCT
KMPI
KSAF
KACT
KFEM
KPRV
KPWR
KIRC
KCFE
KRIM
KHIV
KHLS
KVIR
KNNNP
KCEM
KLIG
KIRF
KNUP
KSAC
KNUC
KPGOV
KTDD
KIDE
KOMS
KLFU
KNNC
KMFO
KSEO
KJRE
KJUST
KMRS
KSRE
KGIT
KPIR
KPOA
KUWAIT
KIVP
KICC
KSCS
KPOL
KSEAO
KRCM
KSCI
KNAP
KGLB
KICA
KCUL
KPRM
KFSC
KQ
KPOP
KPFO
KPALAOIS
KREC
KBWG
KR
KTTB
KNAR
KCOM
KESS
KINR
KOCI
KWN
KCSY
KREL
KTBT
KFTN
KW
KRFD
KFLOA
KHDP
KNEP
KIND
KHUM
KSKN
KOMO
KDRL
KTFIN
KSOC
KPO
KGIV
KSTCPL
KSI
KPRP
KFPC
KNNB
KNDP
KICCPUR
KFRDCVISCMGTCASCKOCIASECPHUMSMIGEG
KDMR
KFCE
KIMMITT
KMCC
KMNP
KSEC
KOMCSG
KGCC
KRAD
KCRP
KAUST
KWAWC
KCHG
KRDP
KPAS
KTIAPARM
KPAOPREL
KWGB
KIRP
KMIG
KLAB
KSEI
KHSA
KNPP
KPAONZ
KWWW
KGHA
KY
KCRIM
KCRCM
KGCN
KPLS
KIIP
KPAOY
KTRD
KTAO
KJU
KBTS
KWAC
KFIU
KNNO
KPAI
KILS
KPA
KRCS
KWBGSY
KNPPIS
KNNPMNUC
KNPT
KERG
KLTN
KPREL
KTLA
KO
KAWK
KVRP
KAID
KX
KENV
KWCI
KNPR
KCFC
KNEI
KFTFN
KTFM
KCERS
KDEMAF
KMEPI
KEMS
KBTR
KEDU
KIRL
KNNR
KMPT
KPDD
KPIN
KDEV
KFRP
KTBD
KMSG
KWWMN
KWBC
KA
KOM
KWNM
KFRDKIRFCVISCMGTKOCIASECPHUMSMIGEG
KRGY
KNNF
KICR
KIFR
KWMNCS
KPAK
KDDG
KCGC
KID
KNSD
KMPF
KWMM
MARR
MX
MASS
MOPS
MNUC
MCAP
MTCRE
MRCRE
MTRE
MASC
MY
MK
MG
MU
MILI
MO
MZ
MEPP
MCC
MEDIA
MOPPS
MI
MAS
MW
MP
MEPN
MV
MD
MR
MC
MCA
MT
MIL
MARITIME
MOPSGRPARM
MAAR
MOOPS
ML
MA
MN
MNUCPTEREZ
MTCR
MUNC
MPOS
MONUC
MGMT
MURRAY
MACP
MINUSTAH
MCCONNELL
MGT
MNUR
MF
MEPI
MOHAMMAD
MAR
MAPP
MNU
MFA
MTS
MLS
MEETINGS
MERCOSUR
MED
MNVC
MIK
MBM
MILITARY
MAPS
MARAD
MDC
MACEDONIA
MASSMNUC
MUCN
MQADHAFI
MPS
NZ
NATO
NI
NO
NU
NG
NL
NPT
NS
NA
NP
NASA
NSF
NEA
NANCY
NSG
NRR
NATIONAL
NMNUC
NC
NSC
NAS
NARC
NELSON
NATEU
NDP
NIH
NK
NIPP
NR
NERG
NSSP
NE
NTDB
NT
NEGROPONTE
NGO
NATOIRAQ
NAR
NZUS
NCCC
NH
NAFTA
NEW
NRG
NUIN
NOVO
NATOPREL
NV
NICHOLAS
NPA
NSFO
NW
NORAD
NPG
NOAA
OPRC
OPDC
OTRA
OECD
OVIP
OREP
ODC
OIIP
OAS
OSCE
OPIC
OMS
OFDP
OFDA
OEXC
OPCW
OIE
OSCI
OM
OPAD
ODPC
OIC
ODIP
OPPI
ORA
OCEA
OREG
OMIG
OFFICIALS
OSAC
OEXP
OPEC
OFPD
OAU
OCII
OIL
OVIPPRELUNGANU
OSHA
OPCD
OPCR
OF
OFDPQIS
OSIC
OHUM
OTR
OBSP
OGAC
OESC
OVP
ON
OES
OTAR
OCS
PREL
PGOV
PARM
PINR
PHUM
PM
PREF
PTER
PK
PINS
PBIO
PHSA
PE
PBTS
PA
PL
POL
PAK
POV
POLITICS
POLICY
PO
PRELTBIOBA
PKO
PIN
PNAT
PU
PGOVPREL
PALESTINIAN
PTERPGOV
PELOSI
PAS
PP
PTEL
PROP
PRELAF
PRHUM
PRE
PUNE
PIRF
PVOV
PROG
PERSONS
PROV
PKK
PRGOV
PH
PLAB
PDEM
PCI
PRL
PRM
PINSO
PERM
PETR
PPAO
PERL
PBS
PETERS
PRELBR
PCON
POLITICAL
PMIL
POLM
PKPA
PNUM
PLO
PTERM
PJUS
PARMP
PNIR
PHUMKPAL
PG
PREZ
PGIC
PAO
PROTECTION
PRELPK
PGOVENRG
PATTY
PSOC
PARTIES
PGOVEAIDUKNOSWGMHUCANLLHFRSPITNZ
PMIG
PAIGH
PARK
PETER
PHUS
PKPO
PGOVECON
POUS
PMAR
PWBG
PAR
PGOVGM
PHUH
PTE
PY
POLUN
PDOV
PGOVSOCI
PGOVPM
PRELEVU
PGOR
PBTSRU
PHUMA
PHUMR
PPD
PGV
PRAM
PARMS
PINL
PSI
PKPAL
PPA
PTERE
PGOF
PINO
PREO
PHAS
PAC
PRESL
PORG
PS
PGVO
PKFK
PSOE
PEPR
PINT
PRELP
PREFA
PNG
PTBS
PFOR
PGOVLO
PHUMBA
PREK
PHJM
POLINT
PGOVE
PHALANAGE
PARTY
PECON
PEACE
PROCESS
PLN
PEDRO
PF
PGPV
PCUL
PGGV
PSA
PGOVSMIGKCRMKWMNPHUMCVISKFRDCA
PGIV
PHUMPREL
POGOV
PEL
PBT
PAMQ
PINF
PSEPC
POSTS
PAHO
PHUMPGOV
PGOC
PNR
RS
RP
RU
RW
RFE
RCMP
RIGHTSPOLMIL
REFORM
RO
ROW
ROBERT
REACTION
REPORT
REGION
RELATIONS
RAY
ROBERTG
RIGHTS
RM
RATIFICATION
RREL
RBI
RICE
ROOD
REL
RODHAM
RGY
RUEHZO
RELIGIOUS
RELFREE
RUEUN
RELAM
RSP
RF
REO
REGIONAL
RUPREL
RI
REMON
RPEL
RSO
SCUL
SENV
SOCI
SZ
SNAR
SO
SP
SU
SY
SI
SMIG
SYR
SA
SW
SF
SR
SYRIA
SNARM
START
SPECIALIST
SG
SNIG
SCI
SGWI
SE
SIPDIS
SANC
SELAB
SN
SETTLEMENTS
SCIENCE
SENVENV
SENS
SPCE
SPAS
SECURITY
SENC
SOCIETY
SOSI
SENVEAGREAIDTBIOECONSOCIXR
SEN
SPECI
ST
SL
SENVCASCEAIDID
SC
SECRETARY
STR
SNA
SOCIS
SADC
SEP
SK
SHUM
SYAI
SMIL
STEPHEN
SNRV
SKCA
SENSITIVE
SECI
SCUD
SCRM
SGNV
SECTOR
SAARC
SENVSXE
SWMN
STEINBERG
SOPN
SOCR
SCRS
SWE
SARS
SNARIZ
SUDAN
SENVQGR
SAN
SM
SFNV
SSA
SPCVIS
SOFA
SCULKPAOECONTU
SENVKGHG
SHI
SEVN
SH
SNARCS
SNARN
SIPRS
TBIO
TW
TRGY
TSPA
TU
TPHY
TI
TX
TH
TIP
TSPL
TNGD
TZ
TS
TC
TK
TURKEY
TERRORISM
TPSL
TINT
TRSY
TERFIN
TPP
TT
TECHNOLOGY
TE
TAGS
TRAFFICKING
TJ
TN
TO
TD
TP
TREATY
TR
TA
TIO
TECH
TF
TRAD
TNDG
TWI
TPSA
TWL
TAUSCHER
TRBY
TL
TV
THPY
TSPAM
TREL
TRT
TNAR
TFIN
TWCH
THOMMA
THOMAS
TERROR
TRY
TBID
UK
UNESCO
UNSC
UNGA
UN
US
UZ
USEU
UG
UP
UNAUS
UNMIK
USTR
UY
USUN
UNEP
UNDC
UV
UNPUOS
UNSCR
USAID
UNODC
UNRCR
UNHCR
UNDP
UNCRIME
UA
UNHRC
UNRWA
UNO
UNCND
UNCHR
USAU
UNICEF
USPS
UNOMIG
UNESCOSCULPRELPHUMKPALCUIRXFVEKV
UR
UNFICYP
UNCITRAL
UNAMA
UNVIE
USTDA
USNC
UNCSD
USCC
UNEF
UNGAPL
USSC
UNMIC
UNTAC
UNCLASSIFIED
USDA
UNCTAD
USGS
UNFPA
UNSE
USOAS
UE
UAE
UNCHS
UNDESCO
UNC
UNSCS
UKXG
UNGACG
UNHR
UNBRO
UNCHC
UNFCYP
UNIDROIT
WHTI
WIPO
WTRO
WHO
WTO
WMO
WFP
WEET
WS
WE
WA
WHA
WBG
WILLIAM
WI
WSIS
WCL
WEBZ
WZ
WW
WWBG
WMD
WWT
WMN
WWARD
WITH
WTRQ
WCO
WEU
WB
WBEG
Browse by classification
Community resources
courage is contagious
Viewing cable 05PRETORIA655, SOUTH AFRICA ECONOMIC NEWSLETTER
If you are new to these pages, please read an introduction on the structure of a cable as well as how to discuss them with others. See also the FAQs
Understanding cables
Every cable message consists of three parts:
- The top box shows each cables unique reference number, when and by whom it originally was sent, and what its initial classification was.
- The middle box contains the header information that is associated with the cable. It includes information about the receiver(s) as well as a general subject.
- The bottom box presents the body of the cable. The opening can contain a more specific subject, references to other cables (browse by origin to find them) or additional comment. This is followed by the main contents of the cable: a summary, a collection of specific topics and a comment section.
Discussing cables
If you find meaningful or important information in a cable, please link directly to its unique reference number. Linking to a specific paragraph in the body of a cable is also possible by copying the appropriate link (to be found at theparagraph symbol). Please mark messages for social networking services like Twitter with the hash tags #cablegate and a hash containing the reference ID e.g. #05PRETORIA655.
Reference ID | Created | Released | Classification | Origin |
---|---|---|---|---|
05PRETORIA655 | 2005-02-12 09:07 | 2011-08-24 01:00 | UNCLASSIFIED | Embassy Pretoria |
This record is a partial extract of the original cable. The full text of the original cable is not available.
UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 05 PRETORIA 000655
SIPDIS
DEPT FOR AF/S/JDIFFILY; AF/EPS; EB/IFD/OMA
USDOC FOR 4510/ITA/MAC/AME/OA/DIEMOND
TREASURY FOR OAISA/BARBER/WALKER/JEWELL
USTR FOR COLEMAN
LONDON FOR GURNEY; PARIS FOR NEARY
E.O. 12958: N/A
TAGS: ECON EINV EFIN ETRD BEXP KTDB PGOV SF
SUBJECT: SOUTH AFRICA ECONOMIC NEWSLETTER
February 11 2005 ISSUE
¶1. Summary. Each week, AMEmbassy Pretoria publishes an
economic newsletter based on South African press reports.
Comments and analysis do not necessarily reflect the
opinion of the U.S. Government. Topics of this week's
newsletter are:
- Reserve Bank Keeps Interest Rates Unchanged;
- South Africa's FDI Outlook Improves;
- Higher Than Expected Manufacturing Growth in December;
- Retail Sales Remained Strong in November;
- Gov't and Industry Seek Solutions to Textile Crisis;
- Steel Antidumping Duties Revoked;
- Water and Electricity Public-Private Partnerships Have
Failed;
- Maize Farmers Face Low Prices and Oversupply;
- Deutsche Bank Sells 25% of SA Business to BEE Group;
- JSE Securities Exchange to Sell Public Shares;
- Some Improvement to SA's Skewed Income Distribution;
and
- Low-Cost Bank Account Draws Over Half Million.
End Summary.
RESERVE BANK KEEPS INTEREST RATES UNCHANGED
-------------------------------------------
¶2. The two-day meeting of the South African Reserve Bank's
(SARB) Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) has decided to keep
the repurchase rate steady at 7.5%. This is the third
consecutive MPC meeting that has kept interest rates steady.
Two thirds of economists surveyed by I-Net Bridge forecasted
no change in the rate, but one third expected a 50 basis
points cut. The last 50 basis point cut was announced at
the August 12, 2004 MPC meeting. This cut caught the market
by surprise after the SARB cut interest rates by 550 basis
points in 2003. The capital market has seen yields drop by
more than 180 basis points since August 12, 2004 with the
benchmark government bond, the five-year R153, yield trading
at a record low of 7.54% on February 10 compared with 9.38%
on August 12, 2004 before the MPC announced the surprise
rate cut. The next MPC meeting is on April 13 and 14. (I-
Net Bridge, February 10)
SOUTH AFRICA'S FDI OUTLOOK IMPROVES
-----------------------------------
¶3. South Africa's outlook for foreign direct investment
this year has improved, according to the South African
research organization BusinessMap Foundation. BusinessMap
director, Reg Rumney, said about $8 billion in foreign
investment was announced in January alone. BusinessMap
tracked investment at about $5.8 billion last year in its
preliminary calculations, up from about $2.7 billion in
¶2003. BusinessMap researcher Michel Hanouch said South
Africa's stable political and economic outlook had played
some part in encouraging foreign companies to invest here.
Hanouch said a large portion of the investment coming
through this year was from brewer SABMiller's commitment to
invest R5 billion in South Africa. SABMiller is seen as a
foreign company due to its primary listing in the UK, but is
a South African company in other respects. Apart from the
brewer, international vehicle manufacturers have announced
plans to increase their investments in South Africa.
Volkswagen and Toyota have both said they plan to invest
more than R1 billion (approximately $161 million) this year.
Further investment is expected to come from independent
power producers invited to supplement Eskom's electricity-
generation plan. While the outlook is good, there are some
factors that can limit investment in South Africa.
BusinessMap said confidence could be knocked if rand
volatility returned along with a fall in commodity prices
and a slowdown in world economic growth. Traditionally the
mining sector has attracted high levels of foreign direct
investment, but the flow of investment in the sector in the
third quarter of last year was poor. (Business Day,
February 9)
HIGHER THAN EXPECTED MANUFACTURING GROWTH IN DECEMBER
--------------------------------------------- --------
¶4. Manufacturing production grew by 7.8% y/y in December
2004 compared to 5.5% y/y in November. Growth was higher
than expected in December, as production usually slows at
the end of the year. The main categories contributing to
the rise were petroleum and chemical products, textiles,
clothing leather and footwear, food and beverages, as well
as wood, paper, and printing products. Declines in
production were recorded in glass and non-metallic mineral
products, motor vehicles and parts, furniture, basic iron
and steel products, and electrical machinery. Manufacturing
production average annual growth was 4% in 2004. (Standard
Bank and Nedbank, February 8)
RETAIL SALES REMAINED STRONG IN NOVEMBER
----------------------------------------
¶5. According to Statistics South Africa, retail sales at
constant prices grew by 12.6% y/y in November 2004 after
growing 12.9% y/y in October. These strong sales figures
indicate that consumers took advantage of the favorable
retail environment. Strong growth in disposable income, low
inflation, and low interest rates boosted consumer
confidence. Based on the growth trend through November
2004, December most likely experienced high growth as well.
Retails sales are expected to remain strong in 2005.
(Standard Bank and Nedbank, February 10)
GOV'T AND INDUSTRY SEEK SOLUTIONS TO TEXTILE CRISIS
--------------------------------------------- ------
¶6. Last week's meeting between representatives of
government, labor, and clothing and textile industries
revived hopes of protecting the troubled industries from a
surge of cheap imports from China and other east Asian
countries. Textile Federation of SA executive director
Brian Brink said this week that talks were on track and that
he was optimistic about their progress. According to the
South African Clothing and Textile Workers Union (Sactwu),
the industry has shed about 30,000 jobs in the last two
years. A task team consisting of representatives from the
Trade and Industry Department met in Cape Town last week to
consider remedies aimed at countering the negative effects
of cheap imports on the local clothing and textile sector.
Brink said on Monday that the parties had made progress in
the negotiations, but that it was premature to say whether
there would be policy changes. The parties plan to meet
again in about a month's time. The resumption of the task
team's discussions has not stopped the Textile Federation
from applying to the Trade and Industry Department for the
adoption of safeguard measures. However, Trade and Industry
Department Deputy Director-General Lionel October said this
week that safeguard measures were "no panacea." October
said that safeguard measures had been used in a bid to
protect the local footwear industry, with little success.
Parliament's Trade and Industry Committee said it would hold
public hearings on the problems. (Business Day, February 9)
STEEL ANTIDUMPING DUTIES REVOKED
--------------------------------
¶7. The South African government revoked hefty antidumping
duties on steel imports from Russia and Ukraine on February
¶8. The move attempts to offer cheaper steel imports for
South Africa's struggling steel users, but could lead to
dumping in South Africa. Ispat Iscor, South Africa's
largest steel maker, had hoped government would retain the
duties and warned of "uncompetitive steel trading" if the
duties were revoked, while the government has been
pressuring the company to develop a new pricing model.
South Africa implemented punitive duties of 81.7% and 94.8%
on Russian and Ukrainian steel, respectively, five years ago
when it was found that suppliers from those countries were
dumping steel in South Africa. The antidumping duties are
reviewed every five years. The scrapping of the anti-
dumping duties appears to be in line with other steps
government has undertaken to unlock the downstream
industry's value-adding and job-creating potential. The
steps include forcing Ispat Iscor to develop a new pricing
model, and an incomplete probe into the possible scrapping
of the general 5% duty applicable to all steel imports into
South Africa. The government agency responsible for duties,
the International Trade Administration Commission, said in
preliminary findings that the expiry of the antidumping
duties was likely to lead to the resumption of dumping from
Russia and Ukraine, but also found that it was unlikely to
materially injure domestic steel makers. The decision was
likely influenced by record demand and steel prices
globally, which saw Ispat Iscor's profits soaring.
(Business Day, February 9)
WATER AND ELECTRICITY PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS HAVE
FAILED
--------------------------------------------- ---------
¶8. Public-private partnerships in Africa over the past 15
years have generally failed to provide water and
electricity, a new study shows. According to a study by the
South African Institute of International Affairs (SAIIA),
about 600-million people in sub-Saharan Africa lack access
to electricity, about 300-million have no access to safe
water, and there were just eight telephones-either cellphone
or fixed-line-per 100 inhabitants. The report, released on
February 8, acknowledged successes achieved by public-
private partnerships in sectors such as telecommunications,
transport, ports and eco-tourism, but said that much still
needed to be done to in water and electricity provision.
Governments often chose public-private partnerships as an
alternative to full privatization, which had politically
contentious aspects. However, the partnerships are complex
and often lead to more expensive services for a consumer.
For example, the 30-year concession of water provision on
South Africa's Dolphin Coast saw a French multinational SAUR
Services securing better terms for itself and receiving a
21% return on investment - while its local partner, Siza,
was not making a profit from the concession. The Congress
of South African Trade Unions (Cosatu), which describes
public-private partnerships as "a form of privatization,"
said private sector participation should not replace
government, but should complement government capacity.
Cosatu economist Neva Makgetla said that private-sector
contractors often lied about their capacity to deliver,
especially to poor areas. Makgetla said private delivery
"is fine where it will not compromise development aims."
Some upcoming big projects, which would require private
sector participation, include the proposed R7 billion
(approximately $1.1 billion) Gautrain Rapid Rail Link
project, the R2.5 billion (approximately $403 million) Dube
Trade Port which incorporates the King Shaka International
Airport in Durban, and the building of schools and hospitals
across the country. (Business Day, February 9)
MAIZE FARMERS FACE LOW PRICES AND OVERSUPPLY
--------------------------------------------
¶9. The free-falling price of maize over the past few months
has been so severe that some farmers have not bothered to
plant this season. The grain's price plunged from more than
R1,000 a ton (approximately $161) in November to less than
R600 a ton (approximately $97) in February. The low price
has negatively affected farmers' profits, and commercial
farmers' representative Grain SA is questioning the
sustainability of the industry. The price crisis gripping
South African maize farmers has once again exposed the risky
nature of commercial farming. Farmers owe financial
institutions billions of rand, and some risk losing
everything this year. The deregulation of the agricultural
sector in the 1990s left commercial farmers exposed to the
risk of drought, exchange rate, and commodity price
fluctuations. Grain SA says because costs of input products
such as tractors, fertilizer, seeds and labor have not
decreased with the maize price, farmers face shrinking
margins and are struggling to repay their loans. On
average, commercial maize farmers must get R900 a ton in
order to cover their input costs without making a profit.
Another problem is the fact that South Africa has maize
stocks in excess of 3.2 million tons. This season's yield
is likely to swell stocks because commercial farmers have
planted an area even bigger than last year. This year,
South Africa's maize farmers are expected to harvest about 9
million tons. Grain SA is considering building ethanol
plants to absorb the surplus. (Business Day, February 9)
DEUTSCHE BANK SELLS 25% OF SA BUSINESS TO BEE GROUP
--------------------------------------------- -------
¶10. Deutsche Bank sold a 25% share in its South African
operations to Black Economic Empowerment (BEE) group
Uthajiri and its employees. Uthajiri will take a 15% stake
while the remaining 10% will be held by an employees' share
trust called Deutsche Bank Black Empowerment Share Trust.
The beneficiaries of the trust are all black South African
staff currently working for Deutsche Bank South Africa. The
purchase of the 25% will be funded by Deutsche Bank and the
Uthajiri shareholders. Uthajiri will have three senior
executives working for the Deutsche Bank in South Africa.
Uthajiri, Swahili for wealth, was established in 2003 with
the aim of being a leading BEE partner in the financial
services and information, communications and technology
sectors. (I-Net Bridge, February 3)
JSE SECURITIES EXCHANGE TO SELL PUBLIC SHARES
--------------------------------------------- -
¶11. The JSE Securities Exchange SA is to become a "normal
company" with publicly-traded shares. Currently, the
exchange is owned by 8,000 rights holders, mostly stock
broking firms. This is part of a move towards
demutualization, in line with the introduction of the
Securities Services Act last week, and follows changes to
the Income Tax Act last year, which requires the JSE to
begin paying tax for the first time. JSE CEO Russell
Loubser said the 8,000 rights holders will be asked to vote
on demutualization. Each right is worth R50,000
(approximately $8,100), valuing the JSE at about R400
million (approximately $64.5 million). If the resolution is
passed, rights holders could swap each of these rights for
100 ordinary shares, each worth about R500. No single party
will be able to hold more than 15% of the total shares,
which will partially protect the JSE from a takeover bid.
Any party wanting to buy a share larger than 15% could apply
for special permission from the Financial Services Board.
The JSE shares will not be listed on the main board, but
traded over the counter between individuals. Brokers gave
cautious approval to the move provided that JSE fees do not
increase. (Business Day, February 8)
SOME IMPROVEMENT TO SA'S SKEWED INCOME DISTRIBUTION
--------------------------------------------- -------
¶12. A new study by the University of South Africa's Bureau
for Market Research suggests some improvement in income
distribution overall, but increasing inequality within race
groups. It supports the findings of a number of studies
done in recent years, which show a decline in inequality
between racial groups, mainly because of increased social
grant spending, and better job prospects for blacks,
resulting in them earning a larger slice of the income pie.
However, inequality within race groups has increased,
indicating that the rich have become richer through upward
mobility, while the poor continue to struggle to improve
their circumstances. According to the Bureau for Market
Research, the number of black households that moved into the
high income group, earning R153,000 (approximately $25,000)
a year or more, jumped to 440,000, demonstrating 368% growth
between 1998 and last year. White households still dominate
the high-income category, and during the same six-year
period their numbers increased 16% to 642,000. Over the
same period, the number of black households in the low-
income category, earning less than R9,600 (approximately
$1,500), a year dropped sharply. The main reason for this
drop seems to be the increase in the child grants and more
efficient payment of old age pensions. The study also
showed a dramatic change in the share of total income earned
by the various population groups. In 1960, 69.4% of total
personal disposable income (adjusting for tax) accrued to
whites, while blacks earned 23.2%. In 2000, whites accrued
43.9%, slightly more than the 43.5% accrued to blacks. By
2007, the bureau estimates that blacks will earn 46.5% of
total personal disposable income, a far greater proportion
than the white share of 40.4%. However, despite enjoying
more of the share of income on a per capita or household
basis, blacks remain poor income earners for their
population size compared to other race groups. After-tax
income of an average white household is expected to increase
from R190,563 ($31,000) a year in 2004 to R236,435 ($38,000)
in 2007. Black households can expect average incomes to
increase from R43,533 ($7,000) a year in 2004 to R54,424
($9,000) in 2007. In 2001, black households made up almost
90% of the country's lowest income category. (Business Day,
February 8)
LOW-COST BANK ACCOUNT DRAWS OVER HALF MILLION
--------------------------------------------- -
¶13. The low-income national banking account, Mzansi, has
signed nearly 560,000 accounts as of February 7, double the
expectations based on market research. PostBank, the
savings division of the post office, has the largest number
of Mzansi accounts amongst the five banking institutions.
Half of the account holders are female and two-thirds of the
customers were in the 25-54 age group. Mzansi accounts do
not appear to be cannibalizing existing accounts, as more
than 90% of account holders did not have a prior
relationship with their institution, although customers
could have switched institutions. On February 7, 2005, the
accounts were distributed as follows: PostBank 27.3%;
Standard Bank 25.9%; Absa 23.9%; First National Bank 16.2%;
and Nedbank 6.7%. The Banking Council expects to have
additional providers of Mzansi accounts this year as
second/third tier financial institutions see the benefits.
An average of R290 ($47) is currently being held in each
Mzansi Account, amounting to a total balance of R160 million
(approximately $25.8 million) brought into the formal
banking sector. The Mzansi account was launched on October
25, 2004, resulting from two years of work between the
banking institutions, the Banking Council, and the National
Economic Development and Labour Council (NEDLAC) in response
to requirements outlined out in the Black Economic
Empowerment (BEE) Financial Sector Charter. The Congress of
South African Trade Unions (COSATU) complains that Mzansi
account functions are too limited for self-employed
customers and others, while banks continue to discuss ways
to improve the Mzansi accounts to meet the needs of
customers. (I-Net Bridge, February 9; Business Day,
February 10)
FRAZER