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Viewing cable 09SHANGHAI55, CHINA SETS SIGHTS HIGH FOR NEW REGIONAL JET
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Reference ID | Created | Released | Classification | Origin |
---|---|---|---|---|
09SHANGHAI55 | 2009-01-30 11:23 | 2011-08-23 00:00 | UNCLASSIFIED//FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY | Consulate Shanghai |
VZCZCXRO9111
RR RUEHCN RUEHVC
DE RUEHGH #0055/01 0301123
ZNR UUUUU ZZH
R 301123Z JAN 09
FM AMCONSUL SHANGHAI
TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC 7579
INFO RUEHOO/CHINA POSTS COLLECTIVE
RULSDMK/DEPT OF TRANSPORTATION WASHINGTON DC
RUEATRS/DEPT OF TREASURY WASHINGTON DC
RUCPDOC/DEPT OF COMMERCE WASHINGTON DC
RUEHKO/AMEMBASSY TOKYO 0515
RUEHUL/AMEMBASSY SEOUL 0345
RHEHAAA/NSC WASHINGTON DC
RUEHGH/AMCONSUL SHANGHAI 8208
UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 04 SHANGHAI 000055
SENSITIVE
SIPDIS
STATE ALSO FOR EB/TRA/AN
TRANSPORTATION FOR X1, X40
TRANSPORTATION FOR OFFICE OF INTERNATIONAL AVIATION
USDOC FOR ITA DAS KASOFF
NSC FOR TONG, LOI
TREASURY FOR OASIA/ISA HAARSAGER, WINSHIP
E.O. 12958: N/A
TAGS: EAIR EINV ETRD ECON KIPR ELAB CH
SUBJECT: CHINA SETS SIGHTS HIGH FOR NEW REGIONAL JET
SHANGHAI 00000055 001.2 OF 004
This cable is Sensitive But Unclassified (SBU) and for official
use only. Not for transmission outside USG channels.
¶1. (SBU) Summary: China's ambition to produce a domestically
designed and manufactured aircraft, the ARJ21 "regional jet", is
nearing reality. During a January 8 visit to the Commercial
Aircraft Corporation of China (COMAC), Consulate officers talked
with company executives and viewed the plane that passed its
initial test flight in November. U.S. suppliers provide seventy
percent by value of the ARJ21's parts, giving U.S. companies a
significant stake in its success. COMAC hopes to obtain
necessary certifications within two years and deliver the first
planes to customers before the end of 2010. However, U.S.
Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) involvement in the
validation of the ARJ21 has stalled, clouding the prospects of
obtaining U.S. certification. Besides the ARJ21, COMAC also
plans to develop a large commercial aircraft. Outside
observers, however, question the commercial potential of the
ARJ21 and the large commercial jet. Because the success of the
aircraft is a matter of patriotic pride, the Central Government
and Shanghai Government are going to great lengths to promote
the project. End Summary.
Background on COMAC the ARJ21 and Plans for a New Jumbo Jet
--------------------------------------------- --------------
¶2. (SBU) The regional jet will be China's first domestically
designed and manufactured commercial aircraft. The ARJ21 was
designed with a flight range of 3,700 km, which enables airlines
to provide point-to-point services to over 80 percent of the
existing domestic air routes in China. The ARJ21 has a maximum
of 90 seats for single class seating and 78 seats for mixed
class seating.
¶3. (SBU) The project was initiated in February 2002 under
guidance from the Central Government. In 2003, the Avic I
Commercial Aircraft Company (ACAC), formerly known as Avic I,
applied to the General Administration of Civil Aviation of China
to begin the certification of the ARJ21. In the same year, ACAC
began developing and manufacturing the plane in Shanghai. In
May 2008, COMAC was set up to oversee the development of the
ARJ21. (Note: Although COMAC oversees the project, ACAC still
serves as the responsible legal and operational entity of the
ARJ21.) COMAC International Cooperation and Supplier Management
General Manager Tao Zhihui said the total registered capital of
COMAC is USD 2.8 billion, and it has the following shareholders:
the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission
of the State Council (31.5 percent), Guosheng Group (26.3
percent), ACAC (26 percent), and China Aluminum Corp, Baosteel
and Sinochem (5.26 percent each). (Note: Guosheng Group is an
investment arm of the Shanghai Municipal Government. End note.)
Initial Test Flight Completed with More to Come
--------------------------------------------- ---
¶4. (SBU) During a January 8 visit to COMAC, the Consul General
and Econoffs talked with company executives and viewed an ARJ21
that passed its initial test flight on November 28, 2008. The
hour-long test flight was revealed by state media only after the
plane had landed. COMAC plans to conduct a second test flight
of the same aircraft in early February, after which the aircraft
will be relocated to Xian for further certification testing. A
test flight for a second prototype aircraft is scheduled to take
place in April, followed by a third aircraft in June, according
to Tao. The prototypes were also on display during our visit to
COMAC.
U.S. - Big Supplier of Components
-----------------------------------
¶5. (SBU) According to Jin, U.S parts make up roughly seventy
percent by value of the total ARJ21 components. Some of the
larger components include General Electric CF34-10A engines, a
Parker Aerospace fuel system, a Hamilton Sunstrand APS 2300
auxiliary power unit, a Honeywell flight control system and a
Rockwell Collins FMS 4200 flight management system. Jin said
for the upcoming jumbo jet project - and in contradiction of
Shanghai press reports that appeared shortly after our January 8
SHANGHAI 00000055 002.2 OF 004
factory visit - COMAC would also prefer parts from U.S
suppliers.
FAA Certification of ARJ21 up in the Air
----------------------------------------
¶6. (SBU) According to FAA officials based in China, the FAA
program to evaluate the certification capability of the CAAC,
and to simultaneously validate the aircraft to U.S.
certification standards, has stalled. The FAA established an
office in Shanghai in the summer of 2006 to mentor the CAAC
during the initial stages of their certification process and
enable CAAC to successfully undergo a "shadow certification"
program. (Note: The term "shadow certification" is used because
transport category airplanes such as the ARJ21 are not part of
the bilateral agreement with China.) However, the FAA shadow
certification has not yet begun due to a disagreement with CAAC
over the methods in which they validate already-FAA-certified
airplane components, such as aircraft engines, imported into
China. CAAC is requiring more design details of the components
than is required under the existing bilateral agreement. The
delay in the start of the shadow certification has not yet
reached the critical stage as the ARJ21 is already behind
schedule. However, further delays could jeopardize the FAA
shadow certification altogether as it would be too late for FAA
to witness certain critical certification events. FAA continues
to discuss this topic with the CAAC with a hope to resolve the
issue in the near term. (Comment: CAAC's demand for detailed
information on U.S. airplane specs coincides with the Shanghai
Government's announcement of a new company to produce an engine
for the nation's large commercial airline. FAA and U.S. engine
aircraft producers worry the CAAC is requesting the additional
information so it can simply be handed over to AVIC Commercial
Aircraft Engine Co. Ltd, which will produce engine parts for the
nation's large commercial jet. End comment.)
Orders Lined Up for 2010 Delivery
----------------------------------
¶7. (SBU) COMAC hopes to deliver the first ARJ21 planes to
customers before the end of 2010. It currently has orders for
206 aircraft. Some of the buyers include Shanghai Electric
Leasing (30 aircraft), Shenzhen Financial Leasing (20), Shandong
Airlines (10) and Shanghai Airlines (5). Another purchaser will
be Kunpeng Airlines, in which the U.S. airline Mesa is a
partner. Some of the orders are based on written contracts
while others are based on oral agreements, according to Tao.
(Note: In a separate January 2009 conversation, a high level
Shanghai Reform and Development Commission official revealed
that the Central Government had mandated that certain
state-owned airlines purchase a certain quota of the ARJ21. End
note.) Jin said the 2010 delivery is presently on a tight
schedule and could be delayed.
Hopes for Larger Market, But Will Not Compete with Boeing
--------------------------------------------- ------------
¶8. (SBU) Although there are not yet any orders from outside
China, ACAC and the Central Government hope that it will gain a
foothold in other emerging markets. Jin also noted that the
ARJ21 will not compete directly with Boeing and Airbus because
it is targeting a niche market of shorter, regional routes.
Economic Downturn Not Hurting Orders
--------------------------------------
¶9. (SBU) Jin said that the global economic downturn has had
little impact on ARJ21 orders since most of the orders are from
domestic airlines. (Note: Because of the economic downturn,
CAAC has urged state-run carriers to cancel or delay aircraft
deliveries. The policy does not apply to the ARJ21 since it is
a domestic aircraft.) According to Jin, China's stimulus
package, which calls for the establishment or expansion of
regional airports, will actually boost demand for the ARJ21 in
the long run. COMAC plans to expand its aircraft production
capacity within five years and hopes the Chinese economy will
have recovered by then.
Plans for a Large Commercial Jet
SHANGHAI 00000055 003.2 OF 004
--------------------------------
¶10. (SBU) The ARJ21 is only part of China's plan to compete in
the airline market - it also plans on manufacturing a
"trunkliner" large commercial jet, which will directly compete
with certain Boeing and Airbus models. COMAC will oversee the
development of the new large commercial jet. On January 18, the
Shanghai Government announced the inauguration of a new company,
AVIC Commercial Aircraft Engine Co. Ltd, which will produce
engine parts for the nation's large commercial jet. The
Aviation Industry Corporation of China (COMAC's parent company)
is 40 percent owner, with Guosheng Group and Shanghai Electric
Group each owning 15 percent stakes. The R&D center and the
assembly center for the engines will both be located in
Shanghai.
¶11. (SBU) According to media reports, Shanghai Party Secretary
Yu Zhengsheng and Mayor Han Zheng both attended the January 18
ceremony and praised the establishment of the newly formed
company as helping Shanghai achieve its ambition to become
China's "aviation base." Local press reports highlighted that
all facets of the large commercial jet project - from material
sourcing and production ultimately will be done in China as the
country aims to reduce its reliance on overseas suppliers. Jin
said that, in contradiction of Shanghai press reports however,
COMAC would prefer parts from U.S suppliers for the large
commercial jet.
COMAC Attracting Top Engineering Talent
-----------------------------------------
¶12. (SBU) Tao said COMAC has little problem attracting and
retaining China's top engineering talent because of its location
in Shanghai and competitive salary. According to Tao, the
starting salary for COMAC's engineers is about USD 650 per
month, and there are ample opportunities for promotion and
salary increases. Most of COMAC's engineers are recruited from
Xian, Beijing and Shanghai because these cities are home to
China's aviation universities.
Comment
-------
¶13. (SBU) China's quest to manufacture commercial aircraft is
tightly wrapped up with national pride. Local and national
media outlets regularly report on developments related to the
ARJ21 and longer-term jumbo jet plans. For example, on January
9, 2009, Xinwen Lianbo ran a short piece showing the ARJ21
factory floor with the three test planes to simply show China's
accomplishments. Following the November 2008 inaugural ARJ21
test flight, the state media hailed the flight as "China's entry
into the ranks of the world's passenger aircraft makers."
¶14. (SBU) However, little heed is given to whether the aircraft
can effectively compete on the open market without government
assistance. In a January 2009 conversation with Congenoff, a
senior Shanghai Airlines procurement official said that
diversifying airline fleets with this new type of aircraft will
be an expensive proposition because of the costs of stocking
different repair parts and training technicians. He added that
many Chinese airline officials were initially opposed to the
idea but were strong-armed into placing orders for the ARJ21 by
the Central and Shanghai Governments. Also in January, a senior
official from Juneyao Airlines, Chinese largest private airline,
seconded the opinion about the costliness of diversifying
airline fleets to include the ARJ21 and said that concern is the
main reason the company has refrained from placing orders for
the ARJ21. The CEO of Delta told the CG that this size plane is
"redundant" because other commercial aircraft are already
available to fill the seating and range parameters for which the
ARJ21 has been designed, evincing pessimism about the ARJ21's
sales prospects and profitability.
¶15. (SBU) Chinese officials have also used the aviation
projects to tout China's indigenous innovation. In his January
13 Work Report to the annual plenary meeting of the Shanghai
Municipal People's Congress, Shanghai Mayor Han Zheng stated
that the "the large commercial aircraft project will be
expedited" as part of "boosting homegrown innovation." Much ado
SHANGHAI 00000055 004.2 OF 004
has also been made about the ARJ21 as a model for China's
development of its own intellectual property. However, our
Shanghai Airlines procurement interlocutor noted that much of
the innovation originated from Boeing, Airbus and their
established suppliers. He explained that as those two companies
source more and more of their parts from China, however, ACAC
will be able to acquire more knowledge of how to put planes
together.
CAMP