

Currently released so far... 51122 / 251,287
Articles
Brazil
Sri Lanka
United Kingdom
Sweden
00. Editorial
United States
Latin America
Egypt
Jordan
Yemen
Thailand
Browse latest releases
2010/12/01
2010/12/02
2010/12/03
2010/12/04
2010/12/05
2010/12/06
2010/12/07
2010/12/08
2010/12/09
2010/12/10
2010/12/11
2010/12/12
2010/12/13
2010/12/14
2010/12/15
2010/12/16
2010/12/17
2010/12/18
2010/12/19
2010/12/20
2010/12/21
2010/12/22
2010/12/23
2010/12/24
2010/12/25
2010/12/26
2010/12/27
2010/12/28
2010/12/29
2010/12/30
2011/01/01
2011/01/02
2011/01/04
2011/01/05
2011/01/07
2011/01/09
2011/01/11
2011/01/12
2011/01/13
2011/01/14
2011/01/15
2011/01/16
2011/01/17
2011/01/18
2011/01/19
2011/01/20
2011/01/21
2011/01/22
2011/01/23
2011/01/24
2011/01/25
2011/01/26
2011/01/27
2011/01/28
2011/01/29
2011/01/30
2011/01/31
2011/02/01
2011/02/02
2011/02/03
2011/02/04
2011/02/05
2011/02/06
2011/02/07
2011/02/08
2011/02/09
2011/02/10
2011/02/11
2011/02/12
2011/02/13
2011/02/14
2011/02/15
2011/02/16
2011/02/17
2011/02/18
2011/02/19
2011/02/20
2011/02/21
2011/02/22
2011/02/23
2011/02/24
2011/02/25
2011/02/26
2011/02/27
2011/02/28
2011/03/01
2011/03/02
2011/03/03
2011/03/04
2011/03/05
2011/03/06
2011/03/07
2011/03/08
2011/03/09
2011/03/10
2011/03/11
2011/03/13
2011/03/14
2011/03/15
2011/03/16
2011/03/17
2011/03/18
2011/03/19
2011/03/20
2011/03/21
2011/03/22
2011/03/23
2011/03/24
2011/03/25
2011/03/26
2011/03/27
2011/03/28
2011/03/29
2011/03/30
2011/03/31
2011/04/01
2011/04/02
2011/04/03
2011/04/04
2011/04/05
2011/04/06
2011/04/07
2011/04/08
2011/04/09
2011/04/10
2011/04/11
2011/04/12
2011/04/13
2011/04/14
2011/04/15
2011/04/16
2011/04/17
2011/04/18
2011/04/19
2011/04/20
2011/04/21
2011/04/22
2011/04/23
2011/04/24
2011/04/25
2011/04/26
2011/04/27
2011/04/28
2011/04/29
2011/04/30
2011/05/01
2011/05/02
2011/05/03
2011/05/04
2011/05/05
2011/05/06
2011/05/07
2011/05/08
2011/05/09
2011/05/10
2011/05/11
2011/05/12
2011/05/13
2011/05/14
2011/05/15
2011/05/16
2011/05/17
2011/05/18
2011/05/19
2011/05/20
2011/05/21
2011/05/22
2011/05/23
2011/05/24
2011/05/25
2011/05/26
2011/05/27
2011/05/28
2011/05/29
2011/05/30
2011/05/31
2011/06/01
2011/06/02
2011/06/03
2011/06/04
2011/06/05
2011/06/06
2011/06/07
2011/06/08
2011/06/09
2011/06/10
2011/06/11
2011/06/12
2011/06/13
2011/06/14
2011/06/15
2011/06/16
2011/06/17
2011/06/18
2011/06/19
2011/06/20
2011/06/21
2011/06/22
2011/06/23
2011/06/24
2011/06/25
2011/06/26
2011/06/27
2011/06/28
2011/06/29
2011/06/30
2011/07/01
2011/07/02
2011/07/04
2011/07/05
2011/07/06
2011/07/07
2011/07/08
2011/07/10
2011/07/11
2011/07/12
2011/07/13
2011/07/14
2011/07/15
2011/07/16
2011/07/17
2011/07/18
2011/07/19
2011/07/20
2011/07/21
2011/07/22
2011/07/23
2011/07/25
2011/07/27
2011/07/28
2011/07/29
2011/07/31
2011/08/01
2011/08/02
2011/08/03
2011/08/05
2011/08/06
2011/08/07
2011/08/08
2011/08/09
2011/08/10
2011/08/11
2011/08/12
2011/08/13
2011/08/15
2011/08/16
2011/08/17
2011/08/18
2011/08/19
2011/08/21
2011/08/22
2011/08/23
2011/08/24
Browse by creation date
Browse by origin
Embassy Athens
Embassy Asuncion
Embassy Astana
Embassy Asmara
Embassy Ashgabat
Embassy Apia
Embassy Antananarivo
Embassy Ankara
Embassy Amman
Embassy Algiers
Embassy Addis Ababa
Embassy Accra
Embassy Abuja
Embassy Abu Dhabi
Embassy Abidjan
Consulate Auckland
Consulate Amsterdam
Consulate Alexandria
Consulate Adana
American Institute Taiwan, Taipei
Embasy Bonn
Embassy Bujumbura
Embassy Buenos Aires
Embassy Budapest
Embassy Bucharest
Embassy Brussels
Embassy Bridgetown
Embassy Brazzaville
Embassy Bratislava
Embassy Brasilia
Embassy Bogota
Embassy Bishkek
Embassy Bern
Embassy Berlin
Embassy Belmopan
Embassy Belgrade
Embassy Beirut
Embassy Beijing
Embassy Banjul
Embassy Bangui
Embassy Bangkok
Embassy Bandar Seri Begawan
Embassy Bamako
Embassy Baku
Embassy Baghdad
Consulate Belfast
Consulate Barcelona
Embassy Cotonou
Embassy Copenhagen
Embassy Conakry
Embassy Colombo
Embassy Chisinau
Embassy Caracas
Embassy Canberra
Embassy Cairo
Consulate Curacao
Consulate Ciudad Juarez
Consulate Chiang Mai
Consulate Chennai
Consulate Chengdu
Consulate Casablanca
Consulate Cape Town
Consulate Calgary
Embassy Dushanbe
Embassy Dublin
Embassy Doha
Embassy Djibouti
Embassy Dili
Embassy Dhaka
Embassy Dar Es Salaam
Embassy Damascus
Embassy Dakar
DIR FSINFATC
Consulate Dusseldorf
Consulate Durban
Consulate Dubai
Consulate Dhahran
Embassy Guatemala
Embassy Grenada
Embassy Georgetown
Embassy Gaborone
Consulate Guayaquil
Consulate Guangzhou
Consulate Guadalajara
Embassy Helsinki
Embassy Harare
Embassy Hanoi
Consulate Hong Kong
Consulate Ho Chi Minh City
Consulate Hermosillo
Consulate Hamilton
Consulate Hamburg
Consulate Halifax
Embassy Kyiv
Embassy Kuwait
Embassy Kuala Lumpur
Embassy Kolonia
Embassy Kinshasa
Embassy Kingston
Embassy Kigali
Embassy Khartoum
Embassy Kathmandu
Embassy Kampala
Embassy Kabul
Consulate Krakow
Consulate Kolkata
Consulate Karachi
Embassy Luxembourg
Embassy Lusaka
Embassy Luanda
Embassy London
Embassy Lome
Embassy Ljubljana
Embassy Lisbon
Embassy Lima
Embassy Lilongwe
Embassy Libreville
Embassy La Paz
Consulate Leipzig
Consulate Lahore
Consulate Lagos
Mission USOSCE
Mission USNATO
Mission UNESCO
Mission Geneva
Embassy Muscat
Embassy Moscow
Embassy Montevideo
Embassy Monrovia
Embassy Mogadishu
Embassy Minsk
Embassy Mexico
Embassy Mbabane
Embassy Maseru
Embassy Maputo
Embassy Manila
Embassy Manama
Embassy Managua
Embassy Malabo
Embassy Madrid
Consulate Munich
Consulate Mumbai
Consulate Montreal
Consulate Monterrey
Consulate Milan
Consulate Merida
Consulate Melbourne
Consulate Matamoros
Consulate Marseille
Embassy Nouakchott
Embassy Nicosia
Embassy Niamey
Embassy New Delhi
Embassy Ndjamena
Embassy Nassau
Embassy Nairobi
Consulate Nuevo Laredo
Consulate Naples
Consulate Naha
Consulate Nagoya
Embassy Pristina
Embassy Pretoria
Embassy Praia
Embassy Prague
Embassy Port Of Spain
Embassy Port Moresby
Embassy Port Louis
Embassy Port Au Prince
Embassy Podgorica
Embassy Phnom Penh
Embassy Paris
Embassy Paramaribo
Embassy Panama
Consulate Peshawar
REO Hillah
REO Basrah
Embassy Rome
Embassy Riyadh
Embassy Riga
Embassy Reykjavik
Embassy Rangoon
Embassy Rabat
Consulate Rio De Janeiro
Consulate Recife
Secretary of State
Embassy Suva
Embassy Stockholm
Embassy Sofia
Embassy Skopje
Embassy Singapore
Embassy Seoul
Embassy Sarajevo
Embassy Santo Domingo
Embassy Santiago
Embassy Sanaa
Embassy San Salvador
Embassy San Jose
Consulate Surabaya
Consulate Strasbourg
Consulate St Petersburg
Consulate Shenyang
Consulate Shanghai
Consulate Sapporo
Consulate Sao Paulo
Embassy Tunis
Embassy Tripoli
Embassy Tokyo
Embassy Tirana
Embassy The Hague
Embassy Tel Aviv
Embassy Tehran
Embassy Tegucigalpa
Embassy Tbilisi
Embassy Tashkent
Embassy Tallinn
Consulate Toronto
Consulate Tijuana
Consulate Thessaloniki
USUN New York
USMISSION USTR GENEVA
USEU Brussels
US Office Almaty
US Mission Geneva
US Mission CD Geneva
US Interests Section Havana
US Delegation, Secretary
UNVIE
UN Rome
Embassy Ulaanbaatar
Embassy Vilnius
Embassy Vientiane
Embassy Vienna
Embassy Vatican
Embassy Valletta
Consulate Vladivostok
Consulate Vancouver
Browse by tag
AMGT
ASEC
AEMR
AR
APECO
AU
AORC
ADANA
AJ
AF
AFIN
AMED
AS
AM
ABLD
AFFAIRS
AMB
APER
ACOA
AND
AA
AE
AADP
AID
AO
AL
AG
AORD
ADM
AINF
AINT
ASEAN
AORG
ABT
APEC
AY
ASUP
ARF
AGOA
AVIAN
ATRN
ANET
AGIT
ASECVE
ABUD
AODE
ALOW
ADB
AN
ADPM
ASPA
ARABL
AFSN
AZ
AC
AIAG
AFSI
ASCE
ASIG
ACABQ
ADIP
AFGHANISTAN
AROC
ADCO
ACOTA
ANARCHISTS
AMEDCASCKFLO
AK
ARABBL
ASCH
ANTITERRORISM
AGRICULTURE
AOCR
ARR
ASSEMBLY
AORCYM
AFPK
ACKM
AGMT
AEC
APRC
AIN
AFPREL
ASFC
ASECTH
AFSA
AINR
AOPC
AFAF
AFARI
AX
ASECAF
ASECAFIN
AT
AFZAL
APCS
AGAO
AIT
ARCH
AEMRASECCASCKFLOMARRPRELPINRAMGTJMXL
AMEX
ARM
AQ
ATFN
AMBASSADOR
AORCD
AVIATION
ARAS
AINFCY
ACBAQ
AOPR
AREP
AOIC
ASEX
ASEK
AER
AGR
AMCT
AVERY
APR
AEMRS
AFU
AMG
ATPDEA
ASECKFRDCVISKIRFPHUMSMIGEG
AORL
ACS
AMCHAMS
AECL
AUC
ACAO
BA
BR
BB
BG
BEXP
BY
BRUSSELS
BU
BD
BTIO
BK
BL
BE
BMGT
BO
BM
BX
BN
BWC
BBSR
BTT
BC
BH
BILAT
BUSH
BHUM
BT
BTC
BMENA
BOND
BAIO
BP
BF
BRPA
BURNS
BUT
BBG
BCW
BOEHNER
BOL
BASHAR
BIDEN
BFIN
BZ
BEXPC
BTIU
CPAS
CA
CASC
CS
CBW
CIDA
CO
CODEL
CI
CROS
CU
CH
CWC
CMGT
CVIS
CDG
CTR
CG
CF
CHIEF
CJAN
CBSA
CE
CY
CB
CW
CM
CHR
CD
COE
CV
COUNTER
CT
CN
CPUOS
CTERR
CVR
CVPR
CDC
COUNTRY
CLEARANCE
CONS
COM
CACS
CR
CONTROLS
CAN
CACM
COMMERCE
CAMBODIA
CFIS
COUNTERTERRORISM
CITES
CONDOLEEZZA
CZ
CTBT
CEN
CLINTON
CFED
CARC
CTM
CARICOM
CSW
CICTE
CYPRUS
CBE
CMGMT
CARSON
CWCM
CIVS
COUNTRYCLEARANCE
CENTCOM
CAPC
COPUOS
CKGR
CITEL
CQ
CITT
CIC
CARIB
CVIC
CAFTA
CVISU
CDB
CEDAW
CNC
CJUS
COMMAND
CENTER
COL
CAJC
CONSULAR
CLMT
CBC
CIA
CNARC
CIS
CEUDA
CHINA
CAC
CL
DR
DJ
DEMOCRATIC
DEMARCHE
DOMESTIC
DISENGAGEMENT
DB
DA
DHS
DAO
DCM
DAVID
DO
DEAX
DEFENSE
DEA
DTRO
DPRK
DOC
DTRA
DK
DAC
DOD
DRL
DRC
DCG
DE
DOT
DEPT
DOE
DS
DKEM
ECON
ETTC
EFIS
ETRD
EC
EMIN
EAGR
EAID
EFIN
EUN
ECIN
EG
EWWT
EINV
ENRG
ELAB
EPET
EIND
EN
EAIR
EUMEM
ECPS
ES
EI
ELTN
ET
EZ
EU
ER
EINT
ENGR
ECONOMIC
ENIV
EFTA
ETRN
EMS
EUREM
EPA
ESTH
EEB
EET
ENV
EAG
EXIM
ECTRD
ELNT
ENVIRONMENT
ECA
EAP
EINDIR
ETR
ECONOMY
ETRC
ELECTIONS
EICN
EXPORT
EARG
EGHG
EID
ETRO
EINF
EAIDHO
ECIP
EENV
EURM
EPEC
ERNG
ENERG
EIAD
EXBS
ED
EREL
ELAM
EK
EWT
ENGRD
EDEV
ECE
ENGY
EXIMOPIC
ETRDEC
ECCT
EUR
ENRGPARMOTRASENVKGHGPGOVECONTSPLEAID
EFI
ECOSOC
EXTERNAL
ESCAP
ETCC
EENG
ERA
ENRD
ECLAC
ETRAD
EBRD
ENVR
ECONENRG
ELTNSNAR
ELAP
EPIT
EDUC
EAIDXMXAXBXFFR
EETC
EIVN
EDRC
EGOV
ETRA
EAIDRW
ETRDEINVECINPGOVCS
ESA
ETRDGK
ENVI
ELN
EPRT
EPTED
ERTD
EUM
EAIDS
EFINECONEAIDUNGAGM
EDU
EV
EAIDAF
EDA
EPREL
EINVEFIN
EAGER
ETMIN
EUCOM
ECCP
EIDN
EINVKSCA
ENNP
EFINECONCS
ETC
EAIRASECCASCID
EINN
ETRP
ECONOMICS
ENERGY
EIAR
EINDETRD
ECONEFIN
EURN
ETRDEINVTINTCS
EFIM
ETIO
EATO
EIPR
EINVETC
ETTD
ETDR
EIQ
ECONCS
ENRGIZ
EAIG
ENTG
EUC
ERD
EINVECONSENVCSJA
EEPET
EUNCH
ESENV
ECINECONCS
ETRDECONWTOCS
ECUN
FR
FI
FOREIGN
FARM
FIR
FAO
FK
FARC
FAS
FJ
FREEDOM
FAC
FINANCE
FBI
FTAA
FM
FCS
FAA
FORCE
FDA
FTA
FT
FCSC
FMGT
FINR
FIN
FDIC
FOR
FOI
FO
FMLN
FISO
GM
GERARD
GT
GA
GG
GR
GTIP
GH
GZ
GE
GB
GY
GAZA
GJ
GEORGE
GOI
GCC
GMUS
GI
GLOBAL
GV
GC
GL
GOV
GKGIC
GF
GWI
GIPNC
GUTIERREZ
GTMO
GANGS
GAERC
GUILLERMO
GASPAR
HR
HA
HYMPSK
HO
HK
HUMAN
HU
HN
HHS
HURI
HUD
HUMRIT
HUMANITARIAN
HUMANR
HL
HSTC
HILLARY
HCOPIL
HADLEY
HOURANI
HI
HUM
HEBRON
HUMOR
IZ
IN
IAEA
IS
IMO
ILO
IR
IC
IT
ITU
ID
IV
IMF
IBRD
IWC
ICAO
ICRC
INF
IO
IPR
ISO
IK
ISRAELI
IQ
ICES
IDB
INFLUENZA
IRAQI
ISCON
IGAD
IRAN
ITALY
IRAQ
ICTY
ICTR
ITPGOV
ITALIAN
IQNV
IADB
INTERNAL
INMARSAT
IRDB
ILC
INCB
INRB
ICJ
ISRAEL
INR
IEA
ISPA
ICCAT
IOM
ITRD
IHO
IL
IFAD
ITRA
IDLI
ISCA
INL
INRA
INTELSAT
ISAF
ISPL
IRS
IEF
ITER
INDO
IIP
IND
IEFIN
IACI
IAHRC
INNP
IA
INTERPOL
IFIN
ISSUES
IZPREL
IRAJ
IF
ITPHUM
ITA
IP
IRPE
IDA
ISLAMISTS
ITF
INRO
IBET
IDP
IRC
KMDR
KPAO
KOMC
KNNP
KFLO
KDEM
KSUM
KIPR
KFLU
KE
KCRM
KJUS
KAWC
KZ
KSCA
KDRG
KCOR
KGHG
KPAL
KTIP
KMCA
KCRS
KPKO
KOLY
KRVC
KVPR
KG
KWBG
KTER
KS
KN
KSPR
KWMN
KV
KTFN
KFRD
KU
KSTC
KSTH
KISL
KGIC
KSEP
KFIN
KTEX
KTIA
KUNR
KCMR
KCIP
KMOC
KTDB
KBIO
KBCT
KMPI
KSAF
KACT
KFEM
KPRV
KPWR
KIRC
KCFE
KRIM
KHIV
KHLS
KVIR
KNNNP
KCEM
KLIG
KIRF
KNUP
KSAC
KNUC
KPGOV
KTDD
KIDE
KOMS
KLFU
KNNC
KMFO
KSEO
KJRE
KJUST
KMRS
KSRE
KGIT
KPIR
KPOA
KUWAIT
KIVP
KICC
KSCS
KPOL
KSEAO
KRCM
KSCI
KNAP
KGLB
KICA
KCUL
KPRM
KFSC
KQ
KPOP
KPFO
KPALAOIS
KREC
KBWG
KR
KTTB
KNAR
KCOM
KESS
KINR
KOCI
KWN
KCSY
KREL
KTBT
KFTN
KW
KRFD
KFLOA
KHDP
KNEP
KIND
KHUM
KSKN
KOMO
KDRL
KTFIN
KSOC
KPO
KGIV
KSTCPL
KSI
KPRP
KFPC
KNNB
KNDP
KICCPUR
KFRDCVISCMGTCASCKOCIASECPHUMSMIGEG
KDMR
KFCE
KIMMITT
KMCC
KMNP
KSEC
KOMCSG
KGCC
KRAD
KCRP
KAUST
KWAWC
KCHG
KRDP
KPAS
KTIAPARM
KPAOPREL
KWGB
KIRP
KMIG
KLAB
KSEI
KHSA
KNPP
KPAONZ
KWWW
KGHA
KY
KCRIM
KCRCM
KGCN
KPLS
KIIP
KPAOY
KTRD
KTAO
KJU
KBTS
KWAC
KFIU
KNNO
KPAI
KILS
KPA
KRCS
KWBGSY
KNPPIS
KNNPMNUC
KNPT
KERG
KLTN
KPREL
KTLA
KO
KAWK
KVRP
KAID
KX
KENV
KWCI
KNPR
KCFC
KNEI
KFTFN
KTFM
KCERS
KDEMAF
KMEPI
KEMS
KBTR
KEDU
KIRL
KNNR
KMPT
KPDD
KPIN
KDEV
KFRP
KTBD
KMSG
KWWMN
KWBC
KA
KOM
KWNM
KFRDKIRFCVISCMGTKOCIASECPHUMSMIGEG
KRGY
KNNF
KICR
KIFR
KWMNCS
KPAK
KDDG
KCGC
KID
KNSD
KMPF
KWMM
MARR
MX
MASS
MOPS
MNUC
MCAP
MTCRE
MRCRE
MTRE
MASC
MY
MK
MG
MU
MILI
MO
MZ
MEPP
MCC
MEDIA
MOPPS
MI
MAS
MW
MP
MEPN
MV
MD
MR
MC
MCA
MT
MIL
MARITIME
MOPSGRPARM
MAAR
MOOPS
ML
MA
MN
MNUCPTEREZ
MTCR
MUNC
MPOS
MONUC
MGMT
MURRAY
MACP
MINUSTAH
MCCONNELL
MGT
MNUR
MF
MEPI
MOHAMMAD
MAR
MAPP
MNU
MFA
MTS
MLS
MEETINGS
MERCOSUR
MED
MNVC
MIK
MBM
MILITARY
MAPS
MARAD
MDC
MACEDONIA
MASSMNUC
MUCN
MQADHAFI
MPS
NZ
NATO
NI
NO
NU
NG
NL
NPT
NS
NA
NP
NASA
NSF
NEA
NANCY
NSG
NRR
NATIONAL
NMNUC
NC
NSC
NAS
NARC
NELSON
NATEU
NDP
NIH
NK
NIPP
NR
NERG
NSSP
NE
NTDB
NT
NEGROPONTE
NGO
NATOIRAQ
NAR
NZUS
NCCC
NH
NAFTA
NEW
NRG
NUIN
NOVO
NATOPREL
NV
NICHOLAS
NPA
NSFO
NW
NORAD
NPG
NOAA
OPRC
OPDC
OTRA
OECD
OVIP
OREP
ODC
OIIP
OAS
OSCE
OPIC
OMS
OFDP
OFDA
OEXC
OPCW
OIE
OSCI
OM
OPAD
ODPC
OIC
ODIP
OPPI
ORA
OCEA
OREG
OMIG
OFFICIALS
OSAC
OEXP
OPEC
OFPD
OAU
OCII
OIL
OVIPPRELUNGANU
OSHA
OPCD
OPCR
OF
OFDPQIS
OSIC
OHUM
OTR
OBSP
OGAC
OESC
OVP
ON
OES
OTAR
OCS
PREL
PGOV
PARM
PINR
PHUM
PM
PREF
PTER
PK
PINS
PBIO
PHSA
PE
PBTS
PA
PL
POL
PAK
POV
POLITICS
POLICY
PO
PRELTBIOBA
PKO
PIN
PNAT
PU
PGOVPREL
PALESTINIAN
PTERPGOV
PELOSI
PAS
PP
PTEL
PROP
PRELAF
PRHUM
PRE
PUNE
PIRF
PVOV
PROG
PERSONS
PROV
PKK
PRGOV
PH
PLAB
PDEM
PCI
PRL
PRM
PINSO
PERM
PETR
PPAO
PERL
PBS
PETERS
PRELBR
PCON
POLITICAL
PMIL
POLM
PKPA
PNUM
PLO
PTERM
PJUS
PARMP
PNIR
PHUMKPAL
PG
PREZ
PGIC
PAO
PROTECTION
PRELPK
PGOVENRG
PATTY
PSOC
PARTIES
PGOVEAIDUKNOSWGMHUCANLLHFRSPITNZ
PMIG
PAIGH
PARK
PETER
PHUS
PKPO
PGOVECON
POUS
PMAR
PWBG
PAR
PGOVGM
PHUH
PTE
PY
POLUN
PDOV
PGOVSOCI
PGOVPM
PRELEVU
PGOR
PBTSRU
PHUMA
PHUMR
PPD
PGV
PRAM
PARMS
PINL
PSI
PKPAL
PPA
PTERE
PGOF
PINO
PREO
PHAS
PAC
PRESL
PORG
PS
PGVO
PKFK
PSOE
PEPR
PINT
PRELP
PREFA
PNG
PTBS
PFOR
PGOVLO
PHUMBA
PREK
PHJM
POLINT
PGOVE
PHALANAGE
PARTY
PECON
PEACE
PROCESS
PLN
PEDRO
PF
PGPV
PCUL
PGGV
PSA
PGOVSMIGKCRMKWMNPHUMCVISKFRDCA
PGIV
PHUMPREL
POGOV
PEL
PBT
PAMQ
PINF
PSEPC
POSTS
PAHO
PHUMPGOV
PGOC
PNR
RS
RP
RU
RW
RFE
RCMP
RIGHTSPOLMIL
REFORM
RO
ROW
ROBERT
REACTION
REPORT
REGION
RELATIONS
RAY
ROBERTG
RIGHTS
RM
RATIFICATION
RREL
RBI
RICE
ROOD
REL
RODHAM
RGY
RUEHZO
RELIGIOUS
RELFREE
RUEUN
RELAM
RSP
RF
REO
REGIONAL
RUPREL
RI
REMON
RPEL
RSO
SCUL
SENV
SOCI
SZ
SNAR
SO
SP
SU
SY
SI
SMIG
SYR
SA
SW
SF
SR
SYRIA
SNARM
START
SPECIALIST
SG
SNIG
SCI
SGWI
SE
SIPDIS
SANC
SELAB
SN
SETTLEMENTS
SCIENCE
SENVENV
SENS
SPCE
SPAS
SECURITY
SENC
SOCIETY
SOSI
SENVEAGREAIDTBIOECONSOCIXR
SEN
SPECI
ST
SL
SENVCASCEAIDID
SC
SECRETARY
STR
SNA
SOCIS
SADC
SEP
SK
SHUM
SYAI
SMIL
STEPHEN
SNRV
SKCA
SENSITIVE
SECI
SCUD
SCRM
SGNV
SECTOR
SAARC
SENVSXE
SWMN
STEINBERG
SOPN
SOCR
SCRS
SWE
SARS
SNARIZ
SUDAN
SENVQGR
SAN
SM
SFNV
SSA
SPCVIS
SOFA
SCULKPAOECONTU
SENVKGHG
SHI
SEVN
SH
SNARCS
SNARN
SIPRS
TBIO
TW
TRGY
TSPA
TU
TPHY
TI
TX
TH
TIP
TSPL
TNGD
TZ
TS
TC
TK
TURKEY
TERRORISM
TPSL
TINT
TRSY
TERFIN
TPP
TT
TECHNOLOGY
TE
TAGS
TRAFFICKING
TJ
TN
TO
TD
TP
TREATY
TR
TA
TIO
TECH
TF
TRAD
TNDG
TWI
TPSA
TWL
TAUSCHER
TRBY
TL
TV
THPY
TSPAM
TREL
TRT
TNAR
TFIN
TWCH
THOMMA
THOMAS
TERROR
TRY
TBID
UK
UNESCO
UNSC
UNGA
UN
US
UZ
USEU
UG
UP
UNAUS
UNMIK
USTR
UY
USUN
UNEP
UNDC
UV
UNPUOS
UNSCR
USAID
UNODC
UNRCR
UNHCR
UNDP
UNCRIME
UA
UNHRC
UNRWA
UNO
UNCND
UNCHR
USAU
UNICEF
USPS
UNOMIG
UNESCOSCULPRELPHUMKPALCUIRXFVEKV
UR
UNFICYP
UNCITRAL
UNAMA
UNVIE
USTDA
USNC
UNCSD
USCC
UNEF
UNGAPL
USSC
UNMIC
UNTAC
UNCLASSIFIED
USDA
UNCTAD
USGS
UNFPA
UNSE
USOAS
UE
UAE
UNCHS
UNDESCO
UNC
UNSCS
UKXG
UNGACG
UNHR
UNBRO
UNCHC
UNFCYP
UNIDROIT
WHTI
WIPO
WTRO
WHO
WTO
WMO
WFP
WEET
WS
WE
WA
WHA
WBG
WILLIAM
WI
WSIS
WCL
WEBZ
WZ
WW
WWBG
WMD
WWT
WMN
WWARD
WITH
WTRQ
WCO
WEU
WB
WBEG
Browse by classification
Community resources
courage is contagious
Viewing cable 06SAOPAULO590, SEMICONDUCTORS RETURN TO BRAZIL AFTER 15 YEARS
If you are new to these pages, please read an introduction on the structure of a cable as well as how to discuss them with others. See also the FAQs
Understanding cables
Every cable message consists of three parts:
- The top box shows each cables unique reference number, when and by whom it originally was sent, and what its initial classification was.
- The middle box contains the header information that is associated with the cable. It includes information about the receiver(s) as well as a general subject.
- The bottom box presents the body of the cable. The opening can contain a more specific subject, references to other cables (browse by origin to find them) or additional comment. This is followed by the main contents of the cable: a summary, a collection of specific topics and a comment section.
Discussing cables
If you find meaningful or important information in a cable, please link directly to its unique reference number. Linking to a specific paragraph in the body of a cable is also possible by copying the appropriate link (to be found at theparagraph symbol). Please mark messages for social networking services like Twitter with the hash tags #cablegate and a hash containing the reference ID e.g. #06SAOPAULO590.
Reference ID | Created | Released | Classification | Origin |
---|---|---|---|---|
06SAOPAULO590 | 2006-05-30 12:05 | 2011-07-11 00:00 | UNCLASSIFIED//FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY | Consulate Sao Paulo |
VZCZCXRO1419
RR RUEHRG
DE RUEHSO #0590/01 1501205
ZNR UUUUU ZZH
R 301205Z MAY 06
FM AMCONSUL SAO PAULO
TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC 5149
INFO RUEHBR/AMEMBASSY BRASILIA 6275
RHEHNSC/NSC WASHDC
RUCPDOC/USDOC WASHDC 2444
RUEATRS/DEPT OF TREASURY WASHDC
RUEHMN/AMEMBASSY MONTEVIDEO 2004
RUEHKO/AMEMBASSY TOKYO 0393
RUEHBS/USEU BRUSSELS
RUEHBU/AMEMBASSY BUENOS AIRES 2267
RUEHAC/AMEMBASSY ASUNCION 2594
RUEHSG/AMEMBASSY SANTIAGO 1731
RUEHLP/AMEMBASSY LA PAZ 2822
RUEHNE/AMEMBASSY NEW DELHI 0059
RUEHBJ/AMEMBASSY BEIJING 0390
RUEHUL/AMEMBASSY SEOUL 0183
RUEHKL/AMEMBASSY KUALA LUMPUR 0296
RUEHDG/AMEMBASSY SANTO DOMINGO 0177
RUEHRG/AMCONSUL RECIFE 2953
RUEHRI/AMCONSUL RIO DE JANEIRO 7142
UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 05 SAO PAULO 000590
SIPDIS
DEPT FOR WHA/BSC, WHA/EPSC, AND EB/CIP
STATE PASS USTR FOR MSULLIVAN
STATE PASS EXIMBANK
STATE PASS OPIC FOR DMORONESE, NRIVERA, CVERVENNE
NSC FOR SUE CRONIN
USDOC FOR 4332/ITA/MAC/OLAC/JANDERSEN/ADRISCOLL/MWARD
USDOC FOR 3134/USFCS/OIO/SHUPKA
TREASURY FOR OASIA, DAS LEE AND FPARODI
SENSITIVE
SIPDIS
E.O. 12958: N/A
TAGS: ECPS EIND PGOV ETRD EINV BEXP BR
SUBJECT: SEMICONDUCTORS RETURN TO BRAZIL AFTER 15 YEARS
REF: Brasilia 891
-------
SUMMARY
-------
¶1. (U) American company Smart Modular Technologies (Smart) recently
inaugurated its first semiconductor factory in Brazil. The Smart
plant, which encapsulates imported finished memory wafers, is the
first semiconductor facility in Brazil since the early 1990s when
all microchip companies closed operations and left the country. For
the last 15 years, Brazil has been importing microprocessor
components and assembling chips, but not producing semi-conductors
locally. Despite increasing operating costs due to the
strengthening Brazilian currency, Smart expects healthy profits
(owing to steep Brazilian import duties on semiconductors and a
protected market). GoB officials claim that the return of
semiconductors is the result of a successful GoB strategy (announced
in 2003) to attract technology companies to Brazil. However, this
GoB strategy played no part in Smart's decision to invest, and has
yet to achieve success in attracting other semiconductor investment.
Brazil ostensibly wants to attract foreign investment in the
technology field, but does not appear ready yet to open its market.
In our view, a good first step would be for the GoB to adhere to the
1997 WTO Information Technology Agreement, which zeros out tariffs
on a wide range of high-tech goods, including semiconductors.
However, the GOB appears as yet unready to take such a step. END
SUMMARY.
------------------
SMART SETS UP SHOP
------------------
¶2. (U) American company Smart Modular Technologies, headquartered in
Fremont, California, recently inaugurated its first semiconductor
factory in Brazil, in Atibaia, Sao Paulo state. At the ceremonial
opening, Smart President Iain MacKenzie and Smart Brazil General
Manager Noboru Takahashi hosted GoB officials from the Ministry of
Development, Industry and International Trade (MDIC); the Sao Paulo
state Secretariat of Science, Technology and Economic Development;
the Sao Paulo Governor's Chief of Staff; representatives from
Samsung, one of Smart's tier-one wafer supply partners; and
EconOffs. This is the first semiconductor plant to operate in
Brazil since the early 1990s when Intel, Sun, and every other chip
processor left. Since then, Brazil has been importing
microprocessor components and assembling chips, but not producing
semi-conductors.
¶3. (U) COMPANY PROFILE: Smart (NASDAQ: SMOD) is a leading
independent designer, manufacturer and supplier of electronic
subsystems to original equipment manufacturers (OEMs). In addition
to its recently inaugurated factory in Sao Paulo, Smart has
international operations in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic;
Bangalore, India; Penang, Malaysia; Dong Guan, China; and Gunpo,
Korea. Domestically, Smart operates in Tewksbury, MA; Irvine, CA;
Fremont, CA; and Aguada, Puerto Rico. Smart offers more than 500
standard and custom products to OEMs engaged in the computer,
industrial, networking, gaming, and telecommunications markets.
Smart's comprehensive memory product line includes DRAM, SRAM, and
Flash memory. Smart's Display Products Group designs, manufactures,
and sells liquid crystal display (LCD) solutions to customers
developing casino gaming systems as well as embedded applications
such as kiosk, ATM, point-of-service, and industrial control
systems.
SAO PAULO 00000590 002 OF 005
¶4. (U) SMART'S ATIBAIA OPERATION: Located 47 miles from the city of
Sao Paulo, the Atibaia site is currently producing two million
semiconductors per month. The plant only conducts the final stage
of the semiconductor process, called encapsulation, in which silicon
laminates (memory wafers) are cut, encapsulated in microchips, and
then incorporated into semiconductor boards. Smart imports finished
memory wafers from Korean electronics giant Samsung. Smart
executives estimate that producing the wafers in Brazil would
require an investment of USD 1 billion.
¶5. (U) PROFITING FROM PROTECTION: Under the Brazilian tariff
regime, imported semiconductors face an 18 percent duty, while
imported semiconductor components that will be assembled in Brazil
face an 8 percent duty. Imported memory discs such as those
supplied by Samsung to Smart face no duty. In 2005, 5.6 million
personal computers (PCs) were sold in Brazil. Smart estimates that
only forty percent of the memory cards in these PCs were of legal
origin. Smart assembled about half of these legal cards using
imported components. Now Smart will actually manufacture the cards
here and take advantage of having avoided tariffs in the hopes of
increasing its market share against illegal memory cards. Smart
executives say that demand from local PC manufacturers is already
overwhelming. To meet demand, Smart employs 100 workers working
around the clock in 3 shifts. Nevertheless, Smart already has a
backlog of orders from Dell, Hewlett Packard, IBM, Toshiba, and
every other major computer maker in Brazil. Prior to commencing its
Atibaia operation, Smart operated from Guarulhos, Greater Sao Paulo,
assembling (though not producing) memory cards. The opening of the
Atibaia facility is part of Smart's global strategy to vertically
integrate production. With the opening of the Atibaia plant, the
Guarulhos plant will close down.
¶6. (U) IPR PROTECTION: When asked about Brazil's poor reputation
for intellectual property rights (IPR) protection, President
MacKenzie told EconOffs, "We don't even bother with applying for
patents in Brazil. In the time it takes for someone to clone our
product, we've already moved on to the next generation of
technology. We're ahead of the curve. If someone wants to copy our
technology, then they will always be behind us." But MacKenzie was
quick to point out that access to proprietary information will be
very tight in Atibaia. Smart is in the process of installing SAP
software to be able to integrate the Brazilian branch with its
global operations, but confirms that it will not engage in research
and development in Brazil, nor will any proprietary information
reside on Smart's Brazilian network servers. MacKenzie went so far
as to say, "Smart Brazil employees won't even have access to our
proprietary technology."
¶7. (U) EXPORT OUTLOOK: Later in the year, Smart will start to
export memory cards from Brazil, though only to its own
international Smart affiliates, such as production sites in the
Dominican Republic and Malaysia. Smart is working to implement
"Recof," a special customs rate created by Brazil Customs that
facilitates the importation and exportation of goods into and out of
Brazil. Recof requires a minimum of USD 5 million in exports during
the first year and USD 10 million in the second. Smart's Takahashi
predicts, "We'll meet this requirement easily." When asked about
expansion of exports to other markets, Smart President MacKenzie
confirmed that he has little hope of exporting beyond shipments to
their own affiliates, "We just can't compete with giants like
Samsung in open markets." Although Smart may try to export within
Mercosul, MacKenzie claimed, "For now, we are going to have our
hands full supplying Brazil. But we have room for expansion.
SAO PAULO 00000590 003 OF 005
Since Brazil is one of the world's fastest growing emerging markets,
our enhanced capabilities locally will provide us with a competitive
advantage as business opportunities in this region continue to
grow."
-----------------------------------
ATTRACTING SEMICONDUCTORS TO BRAZIL
-----------------------------------
¶8. (U) GoB officials heralded Smart's Atibaia operation as the first
success in a national strategy to attract technology investment. In
November 2003, President Lula approved a proposal for industrial
policy guidelines that would, among other things, provide for
investment in technology and tax exemptions for capital goods.
Launched in March 2004, the Industrial, Technological and Foreign
Trade Policy (PITCE) seeks to "attract technology in key sectors."
The PITCE elected four sectors as strategic priorities:
pharmaceuticals, capital goods, software, and semiconductors. To
attract investment in these sectors, the GoB offers a bundle of
tariff and export incentives. Moreover, at the PITCE inauguration,
MDIC Minister Furlan announced that, in 2004 alone, the new strategy
would count on over USD 200 million of GoB support and USD 6 Billion
in financing incentives from the Bank of Brazil (BB) and the
National Economic and Social Development Bank (BNDES). Furlan also
announced that the Recof customs regime would play an important role
in attracting investors.
---------------------------------------------
COMMENT: OUTLOOK CLOUDY FOR FUTURE INVESTMENT
---------------------------------------------
¶9. (SBU) PITCE NOT A FACTOR: The PITCE was announced in 2003 and
inaugurated in 2004. However, the results of this USD 200 million
program are less than impressive. Smart's self-financed Atibaia
operation represents a relatively modest USD 15 million investment
and did not rely on PITCE incentives from BB or BNDES. In fact,
when EconOffs asked about the reasons for Smart's decision to start
production of semiconductors in Brazil, Smart executives didn't even
appear aware of PITCE. Instead, they focused on the opportunities
created by small-scale producers within closed economies like
Brazil. The recent and expected growth in Brazil's consumer
electronics and PC markets was cited as the sole reason for deciding
to start producing. Industry estimates placed ten percent of the
2005 world consumption of electronics products in South America,
with the Brazilian Association of Electrical and Electronic
Industries (ABNEE) claiming that Brazil accounts for 68 percent of
that demand. ABNEE forecasts a USD 125 billion Brazilian
electronics market by 2010. Operating in Brazil since 2002, Smart
saw that it could either continue to import and assemble at an eight
percent duty, or manufacture with no duty on component parts.
According to Smart Brazil's General Manager Takahashi, "The choice
was simple." According to Smart President MacKenzie, "Samsung is
too large-scale to set up operations in a closed market like Brazil.
But Smart has the mid-sized flexibility to set up a small operation
in Brazil and sell domestically." Smart executives further noted
that the decision to manufacture was part of an effort to vertically
integrate Smart's global operations and was more a result of
internal corporate strategy than GoB development strategy. Smart's
Treasurer commented to EconOffs, "It's not even that large of an
expansion, since at the same time we're opening here we're shutting
down our Guarulhos plant."
¶10. (U) OTHER SEMICONDUCTOR PLANS: As part of the digital
television standard negotiations (reftel), Japanese and European
SAO PAULO 00000590 004 OF 005
firms have stated they will consider establishing semiconductor
manufacturing plants in Brazil, contingent upon the GoB's choosing
their respective standards. These discussions are independent from
PITCE strategies, although other plans for semiconductors that would
make use of PITCE incentives are also in the works. In September
2005, the GoB announced plans to establish a semiconductor industry
in the state of Minas Gerais, where approximately 990 acres are
being dedicated to semiconductor and semiconductor-related
manufacturing and design. The Minas Gerais Technological Park will
be anchored by Companhia Brasileira de Semicondutores (CBS). The
target completion date is early 2007. The Minas Gerais
Technological Park is Brazil's flagship semiconductor manufacturing
venture. CBS is backed by various Brazilian development banks and
private investors worldwide. The company is focusing on analog and
mixed-signal products for consumer, automotive, and industrial
applications.
¶11. (SBU) WHY SEMICONDUCTORS FLED: Smart is not the first company
to produce semiconductors in Brazil, but it is the first company in
the past 15 years to produce here. Industry insiders regularly
refer to the "tech flight" of the early 1990s, when every single
producer of semiconductors closed shop and left Brazil. when
protectionist policies begun during the time of the military
dictatorship were ended. In 1984, Brazil codified these policies to
promote a local computer industry by restricting imports and
promoting local manufacture and foreign investment through a
comprehensive and highly restrictive "informatics law." As a
result, tech industry companies flowed into Brazil to take advantage
of the sheltered market. (The 1984 informatics law and its
implementation were the subject of a U.S.-initiated Section 301
investigation between 1985 and 1989.) At the end of the 1980s, the
Brazilian electronics component industry could count more than
twenty domestic semiconductors companies. In 1991, Brazil revised
its informatics legislation to phase out some of the import and
investment restrictions, resulting in the final removal of
quantitative import restrictions. By October 1992, import
restrictions that had been in place since the mid-1970s for
computers and related (informatics) products were removed. However,
the government's lifting of restrictions on the importation of
electronic components led to widespread failures among the country's
domestic semiconductor companies. Foreign companies -- Intel, Sun
Microsystems, and every other semiconductor company -- shut down
operations. As a result, the Brazilian domestic electronics
components industry has become heavily reliant on imports in the
last decade. The few remaining component manufacturers produce
components with limited technological content, and spply only 20
percent of the internal demand. The remaining 80 percent
represented a 2003 trade deicit of USD 3 billion, with USD 1.7
billion due o semiconductors.
¶12. (SBU) BRAZIL'S SEMICONDUCOR OUTLOOK: Looking around the world,
developin countries with low or no duties on electronics components
and systems over the past two decades (Hog Kong, Taiwan, Singapore)
have been successful n developing strong, vibrant economies with
dynaic high-tech industries. Meanwhile, developing contries with
high duties (Latin America, India) have not been successful. A
special case was Korea which built a narrow semiconductor industry
in pite of its 8 percent duty. With the PITCE, it apears that
Brazil hopes to replicate Korea's expeience. However, Korea's
growth was largely based on exports of semiconductors, not on
supplying smiconductors to its domestic electronic producers.
There are no indications that Brazil will stop potecting its IT
sector or adhere to the WTO Infomation Technology Agreement (which
zeros out tariffs on semiconductors and other high-tech goods).
SAO PAULO 00000590 005 OF 005
Indeed, this stance has left Brazil uncompetitive in world IT
markets. The negative effects of the Brazilian model have long been
recognized even by some of its own industry executives, as evidenced
by a 1991 quote from the Wall Street Journal from Touma Elias,
President of Sao Paulo PC company Microtec: "We made PCs before the
Taiwanese and the Koreans, but instead of being a USD 1 billion
company, like (Taiwan's) Acer or (American) AST or Dell, we're a USD
35 million one hoping to be a USD 100 million one. Why? Because
our market wasn't open, which made components more expensive." Very
little has changed in the last 15 years. Brazil's market is still
closed and its efforts to promote semiconductor investment are more
likely to draw participants like Smart who will take advantage of
Brazil's market protection than to attract the research and
development (RND)-driven investment that the GoB desires. To date,
Brazil's efforts to establish a global electronics presence have
been mixed. Companies such as Motorola have announced RND
initiatives in the telecommunications sector. However, efforts to
bolster the country's presence in sectors such as semiconductors
have not been as warmly received. In 2003, Intel CEO Craig Barrett
reportedly ruled out setting up a chip plant in Brazil because of
high labor costs. With the Brazilian Real having strengthened more
than 35 percent since then, Brazil is becoming even less of an ideal
export platform. In the future, it is more likely that Brazil will
see foreign investment come from small- to medium-sized tech
companies (like Smart)interested in selling to the local market,
rather than from large companies (like Intel) focused on exports and
RND. END COMMENT.
¶13. (U) This cable was coordinated with AmEmbassy Brasilia.
WOLFE