

Currently released so far... 51122 / 251,287
Articles
Brazil
Sri Lanka
United Kingdom
Sweden
00. Editorial
United States
Latin America
Egypt
Jordan
Yemen
Thailand
Browse latest releases
2010/12/01
2010/12/02
2010/12/03
2010/12/04
2010/12/05
2010/12/06
2010/12/07
2010/12/08
2010/12/09
2010/12/10
2010/12/11
2010/12/12
2010/12/13
2010/12/14
2010/12/15
2010/12/16
2010/12/17
2010/12/18
2010/12/19
2010/12/20
2010/12/21
2010/12/22
2010/12/23
2010/12/24
2010/12/25
2010/12/26
2010/12/27
2010/12/28
2010/12/29
2010/12/30
2011/01/01
2011/01/02
2011/01/04
2011/01/05
2011/01/07
2011/01/09
2011/01/11
2011/01/12
2011/01/13
2011/01/14
2011/01/15
2011/01/16
2011/01/17
2011/01/18
2011/01/19
2011/01/20
2011/01/21
2011/01/22
2011/01/23
2011/01/24
2011/01/25
2011/01/26
2011/01/27
2011/01/28
2011/01/29
2011/01/30
2011/01/31
2011/02/01
2011/02/02
2011/02/03
2011/02/04
2011/02/05
2011/02/06
2011/02/07
2011/02/08
2011/02/09
2011/02/10
2011/02/11
2011/02/12
2011/02/13
2011/02/14
2011/02/15
2011/02/16
2011/02/17
2011/02/18
2011/02/19
2011/02/20
2011/02/21
2011/02/22
2011/02/23
2011/02/24
2011/02/25
2011/02/26
2011/02/27
2011/02/28
2011/03/01
2011/03/02
2011/03/03
2011/03/04
2011/03/05
2011/03/06
2011/03/07
2011/03/08
2011/03/09
2011/03/10
2011/03/11
2011/03/13
2011/03/14
2011/03/15
2011/03/16
2011/03/17
2011/03/18
2011/03/19
2011/03/20
2011/03/21
2011/03/22
2011/03/23
2011/03/24
2011/03/25
2011/03/26
2011/03/27
2011/03/28
2011/03/29
2011/03/30
2011/03/31
2011/04/01
2011/04/02
2011/04/03
2011/04/04
2011/04/05
2011/04/06
2011/04/07
2011/04/08
2011/04/09
2011/04/10
2011/04/11
2011/04/12
2011/04/13
2011/04/14
2011/04/15
2011/04/16
2011/04/17
2011/04/18
2011/04/19
2011/04/20
2011/04/21
2011/04/22
2011/04/23
2011/04/24
2011/04/25
2011/04/26
2011/04/27
2011/04/28
2011/04/29
2011/04/30
2011/05/01
2011/05/02
2011/05/03
2011/05/04
2011/05/05
2011/05/06
2011/05/07
2011/05/08
2011/05/09
2011/05/10
2011/05/11
2011/05/12
2011/05/13
2011/05/14
2011/05/15
2011/05/16
2011/05/17
2011/05/18
2011/05/19
2011/05/20
2011/05/21
2011/05/22
2011/05/23
2011/05/24
2011/05/25
2011/05/26
2011/05/27
2011/05/28
2011/05/29
2011/05/30
2011/05/31
2011/06/01
2011/06/02
2011/06/03
2011/06/04
2011/06/05
2011/06/06
2011/06/07
2011/06/08
2011/06/09
2011/06/10
2011/06/11
2011/06/12
2011/06/13
2011/06/14
2011/06/15
2011/06/16
2011/06/17
2011/06/18
2011/06/19
2011/06/20
2011/06/21
2011/06/22
2011/06/23
2011/06/24
2011/06/25
2011/06/26
2011/06/27
2011/06/28
2011/06/29
2011/06/30
2011/07/01
2011/07/02
2011/07/04
2011/07/05
2011/07/06
2011/07/07
2011/07/08
2011/07/10
2011/07/11
2011/07/12
2011/07/13
2011/07/14
2011/07/15
2011/07/16
2011/07/17
2011/07/18
2011/07/19
2011/07/20
2011/07/21
2011/07/22
2011/07/23
2011/07/25
2011/07/27
2011/07/28
2011/07/29
2011/07/31
2011/08/01
2011/08/02
2011/08/03
2011/08/05
2011/08/06
2011/08/07
2011/08/08
2011/08/09
2011/08/10
2011/08/11
2011/08/12
2011/08/13
2011/08/15
2011/08/16
2011/08/17
2011/08/18
2011/08/19
2011/08/21
2011/08/22
2011/08/23
2011/08/24
Browse by creation date
Browse by origin
Embassy Athens
Embassy Asuncion
Embassy Astana
Embassy Asmara
Embassy Ashgabat
Embassy Apia
Embassy Antananarivo
Embassy Ankara
Embassy Amman
Embassy Algiers
Embassy Addis Ababa
Embassy Accra
Embassy Abuja
Embassy Abu Dhabi
Embassy Abidjan
Consulate Auckland
Consulate Amsterdam
Consulate Alexandria
Consulate Adana
American Institute Taiwan, Taipei
Embasy Bonn
Embassy Bujumbura
Embassy Buenos Aires
Embassy Budapest
Embassy Bucharest
Embassy Brussels
Embassy Bridgetown
Embassy Brazzaville
Embassy Bratislava
Embassy Brasilia
Embassy Bogota
Embassy Bishkek
Embassy Bern
Embassy Berlin
Embassy Belmopan
Embassy Belgrade
Embassy Beirut
Embassy Beijing
Embassy Banjul
Embassy Bangui
Embassy Bangkok
Embassy Bandar Seri Begawan
Embassy Bamako
Embassy Baku
Embassy Baghdad
Consulate Belfast
Consulate Barcelona
Embassy Cotonou
Embassy Copenhagen
Embassy Conakry
Embassy Colombo
Embassy Chisinau
Embassy Caracas
Embassy Canberra
Embassy Cairo
Consulate Curacao
Consulate Ciudad Juarez
Consulate Chiang Mai
Consulate Chennai
Consulate Chengdu
Consulate Casablanca
Consulate Cape Town
Consulate Calgary
Embassy Dushanbe
Embassy Dublin
Embassy Doha
Embassy Djibouti
Embassy Dili
Embassy Dhaka
Embassy Dar Es Salaam
Embassy Damascus
Embassy Dakar
DIR FSINFATC
Consulate Dusseldorf
Consulate Durban
Consulate Dubai
Consulate Dhahran
Embassy Guatemala
Embassy Grenada
Embassy Georgetown
Embassy Gaborone
Consulate Guayaquil
Consulate Guangzhou
Consulate Guadalajara
Embassy Helsinki
Embassy Harare
Embassy Hanoi
Consulate Hong Kong
Consulate Ho Chi Minh City
Consulate Hermosillo
Consulate Hamilton
Consulate Hamburg
Consulate Halifax
Embassy Kyiv
Embassy Kuwait
Embassy Kuala Lumpur
Embassy Kolonia
Embassy Kinshasa
Embassy Kingston
Embassy Kigali
Embassy Khartoum
Embassy Kathmandu
Embassy Kampala
Embassy Kabul
Consulate Krakow
Consulate Kolkata
Consulate Karachi
Embassy Luxembourg
Embassy Lusaka
Embassy Luanda
Embassy London
Embassy Lome
Embassy Ljubljana
Embassy Lisbon
Embassy Lima
Embassy Lilongwe
Embassy Libreville
Embassy La Paz
Consulate Leipzig
Consulate Lahore
Consulate Lagos
Mission USOSCE
Mission USNATO
Mission UNESCO
Mission Geneva
Embassy Muscat
Embassy Moscow
Embassy Montevideo
Embassy Monrovia
Embassy Mogadishu
Embassy Minsk
Embassy Mexico
Embassy Mbabane
Embassy Maseru
Embassy Maputo
Embassy Manila
Embassy Manama
Embassy Managua
Embassy Malabo
Embassy Madrid
Consulate Munich
Consulate Mumbai
Consulate Montreal
Consulate Monterrey
Consulate Milan
Consulate Merida
Consulate Melbourne
Consulate Matamoros
Consulate Marseille
Embassy Nouakchott
Embassy Nicosia
Embassy Niamey
Embassy New Delhi
Embassy Ndjamena
Embassy Nassau
Embassy Nairobi
Consulate Nuevo Laredo
Consulate Naples
Consulate Naha
Consulate Nagoya
Embassy Pristina
Embassy Pretoria
Embassy Praia
Embassy Prague
Embassy Port Of Spain
Embassy Port Moresby
Embassy Port Louis
Embassy Port Au Prince
Embassy Podgorica
Embassy Phnom Penh
Embassy Paris
Embassy Paramaribo
Embassy Panama
Consulate Peshawar
REO Hillah
REO Basrah
Embassy Rome
Embassy Riyadh
Embassy Riga
Embassy Reykjavik
Embassy Rangoon
Embassy Rabat
Consulate Rio De Janeiro
Consulate Recife
Secretary of State
Embassy Suva
Embassy Stockholm
Embassy Sofia
Embassy Skopje
Embassy Singapore
Embassy Seoul
Embassy Sarajevo
Embassy Santo Domingo
Embassy Santiago
Embassy Sanaa
Embassy San Salvador
Embassy San Jose
Consulate Surabaya
Consulate Strasbourg
Consulate St Petersburg
Consulate Shenyang
Consulate Shanghai
Consulate Sapporo
Consulate Sao Paulo
Embassy Tunis
Embassy Tripoli
Embassy Tokyo
Embassy Tirana
Embassy The Hague
Embassy Tel Aviv
Embassy Tehran
Embassy Tegucigalpa
Embassy Tbilisi
Embassy Tashkent
Embassy Tallinn
Consulate Toronto
Consulate Tijuana
Consulate Thessaloniki
USUN New York
USMISSION USTR GENEVA
USEU Brussels
US Office Almaty
US Mission Geneva
US Mission CD Geneva
US Interests Section Havana
US Delegation, Secretary
UNVIE
UN Rome
Embassy Ulaanbaatar
Embassy Vilnius
Embassy Vientiane
Embassy Vienna
Embassy Vatican
Embassy Valletta
Consulate Vladivostok
Consulate Vancouver
Browse by tag
AMGT
ASEC
AEMR
AR
APECO
AU
AORC
ADANA
AJ
AF
AFIN
AMED
AS
AM
ABLD
AFFAIRS
AMB
APER
ACOA
AND
AA
AE
AADP
AID
AO
AL
AG
AORD
ADM
AINF
AINT
ASEAN
AORG
ABT
APEC
AY
ASUP
ARF
AGOA
AVIAN
ATRN
ANET
AGIT
ASECVE
ABUD
AODE
ALOW
ADB
AN
ADPM
ASPA
ARABL
AFSN
AZ
AC
AIAG
AFSI
ASCE
ASIG
ACABQ
ADIP
AFGHANISTAN
AROC
ADCO
ACOTA
ANARCHISTS
AMEDCASCKFLO
AK
ARABBL
ASCH
ANTITERRORISM
AGRICULTURE
AOCR
ARR
ASSEMBLY
AORCYM
AFPK
ACKM
AGMT
AEC
APRC
AIN
AFPREL
ASFC
ASECTH
AFSA
AINR
AOPC
AFAF
AFARI
AX
ASECAF
ASECAFIN
AT
AFZAL
APCS
AGAO
AIT
ARCH
AEMRASECCASCKFLOMARRPRELPINRAMGTJMXL
AMEX
ARM
AQ
ATFN
AMBASSADOR
AORCD
AVIATION
ARAS
AINFCY
ACBAQ
AOPR
AREP
AOIC
ASEX
ASEK
AER
AGR
AMCT
AVERY
APR
AEMRS
AFU
AMG
ATPDEA
ASECKFRDCVISKIRFPHUMSMIGEG
AORL
ACS
AMCHAMS
AECL
AUC
ACAO
BA
BR
BB
BG
BEXP
BY
BRUSSELS
BU
BD
BTIO
BK
BL
BE
BMGT
BO
BM
BX
BN
BWC
BBSR
BTT
BC
BH
BILAT
BUSH
BHUM
BT
BTC
BMENA
BOND
BAIO
BP
BF
BRPA
BURNS
BUT
BBG
BCW
BOEHNER
BOL
BASHAR
BIDEN
BFIN
BZ
BEXPC
BTIU
CPAS
CA
CASC
CS
CBW
CIDA
CO
CODEL
CI
CROS
CU
CH
CWC
CMGT
CVIS
CDG
CTR
CG
CF
CHIEF
CJAN
CBSA
CE
CY
CB
CW
CM
CHR
CD
COE
CV
COUNTER
CT
CN
CPUOS
CTERR
CVR
CVPR
CDC
COUNTRY
CLEARANCE
CONS
COM
CACS
CR
CONTROLS
CAN
CACM
COMMERCE
CAMBODIA
CFIS
COUNTERTERRORISM
CITES
CONDOLEEZZA
CZ
CTBT
CEN
CLINTON
CFED
CARC
CTM
CARICOM
CSW
CICTE
CYPRUS
CBE
CMGMT
CARSON
CWCM
CIVS
COUNTRYCLEARANCE
CENTCOM
CAPC
COPUOS
CKGR
CITEL
CQ
CITT
CIC
CARIB
CVIC
CAFTA
CVISU
CDB
CEDAW
CNC
CJUS
COMMAND
CENTER
COL
CAJC
CONSULAR
CLMT
CBC
CIA
CNARC
CIS
CEUDA
CHINA
CAC
CL
DR
DJ
DEMOCRATIC
DEMARCHE
DOMESTIC
DISENGAGEMENT
DB
DA
DHS
DAO
DCM
DAVID
DO
DEAX
DEFENSE
DEA
DTRO
DPRK
DOC
DTRA
DK
DAC
DOD
DRL
DRC
DCG
DE
DOT
DEPT
DOE
DS
DKEM
ECON
ETTC
EFIS
ETRD
EC
EMIN
EAGR
EAID
EFIN
EUN
ECIN
EG
EWWT
EINV
ENRG
ELAB
EPET
EIND
EN
EAIR
EUMEM
ECPS
ES
EI
ELTN
ET
EZ
EU
ER
EINT
ENGR
ECONOMIC
ENIV
EFTA
ETRN
EMS
EUREM
EPA
ESTH
EEB
EET
ENV
EAG
EXIM
ECTRD
ELNT
ENVIRONMENT
ECA
EAP
EINDIR
ETR
ECONOMY
ETRC
ELECTIONS
EICN
EXPORT
EARG
EGHG
EID
ETRO
EINF
EAIDHO
ECIP
EENV
EURM
EPEC
ERNG
ENERG
EIAD
EXBS
ED
EREL
ELAM
EK
EWT
ENGRD
EDEV
ECE
ENGY
EXIMOPIC
ETRDEC
ECCT
EUR
ENRGPARMOTRASENVKGHGPGOVECONTSPLEAID
EFI
ECOSOC
EXTERNAL
ESCAP
ETCC
EENG
ERA
ENRD
ECLAC
ETRAD
EBRD
ENVR
ECONENRG
ELTNSNAR
ELAP
EPIT
EDUC
EAIDXMXAXBXFFR
EETC
EIVN
EDRC
EGOV
ETRA
EAIDRW
ETRDEINVECINPGOVCS
ESA
ETRDGK
ENVI
ELN
EPRT
EPTED
ERTD
EUM
EAIDS
EFINECONEAIDUNGAGM
EDU
EV
EAIDAF
EDA
EPREL
EINVEFIN
EAGER
ETMIN
EUCOM
ECCP
EIDN
EINVKSCA
ENNP
EFINECONCS
ETC
EAIRASECCASCID
EINN
ETRP
ECONOMICS
ENERGY
EIAR
EINDETRD
ECONEFIN
EURN
ETRDEINVTINTCS
EFIM
ETIO
EATO
EIPR
EINVETC
ETTD
ETDR
EIQ
ECONCS
ENRGIZ
EAIG
ENTG
EUC
ERD
EINVECONSENVCSJA
EEPET
EUNCH
ESENV
ECINECONCS
ETRDECONWTOCS
ECUN
FR
FI
FOREIGN
FARM
FIR
FAO
FK
FARC
FAS
FJ
FREEDOM
FAC
FINANCE
FBI
FTAA
FM
FCS
FAA
FORCE
FDA
FTA
FT
FCSC
FMGT
FINR
FIN
FDIC
FOR
FOI
FO
FMLN
FISO
GM
GERARD
GT
GA
GG
GR
GTIP
GH
GZ
GE
GB
GY
GAZA
GJ
GEORGE
GOI
GCC
GMUS
GI
GLOBAL
GV
GC
GL
GOV
GKGIC
GF
GWI
GIPNC
GUTIERREZ
GTMO
GANGS
GAERC
GUILLERMO
GASPAR
HR
HA
HYMPSK
HO
HK
HUMAN
HU
HN
HHS
HURI
HUD
HUMRIT
HUMANITARIAN
HUMANR
HL
HSTC
HILLARY
HCOPIL
HADLEY
HOURANI
HI
HUM
HEBRON
HUMOR
IZ
IN
IAEA
IS
IMO
ILO
IR
IC
IT
ITU
ID
IV
IMF
IBRD
IWC
ICAO
ICRC
INF
IO
IPR
ISO
IK
ISRAELI
IQ
ICES
IDB
INFLUENZA
IRAQI
ISCON
IGAD
IRAN
ITALY
IRAQ
ICTY
ICTR
ITPGOV
ITALIAN
IQNV
IADB
INTERNAL
INMARSAT
IRDB
ILC
INCB
INRB
ICJ
ISRAEL
INR
IEA
ISPA
ICCAT
IOM
ITRD
IHO
IL
IFAD
ITRA
IDLI
ISCA
INL
INRA
INTELSAT
ISAF
ISPL
IRS
IEF
ITER
INDO
IIP
IND
IEFIN
IACI
IAHRC
INNP
IA
INTERPOL
IFIN
ISSUES
IZPREL
IRAJ
IF
ITPHUM
ITA
IP
IRPE
IDA
ISLAMISTS
ITF
INRO
IBET
IDP
IRC
KMDR
KPAO
KOMC
KNNP
KFLO
KDEM
KSUM
KIPR
KFLU
KE
KCRM
KJUS
KAWC
KZ
KSCA
KDRG
KCOR
KGHG
KPAL
KTIP
KMCA
KCRS
KPKO
KOLY
KRVC
KVPR
KG
KWBG
KTER
KS
KN
KSPR
KWMN
KV
KTFN
KFRD
KU
KSTC
KSTH
KISL
KGIC
KSEP
KFIN
KTEX
KTIA
KUNR
KCMR
KCIP
KMOC
KTDB
KBIO
KBCT
KMPI
KSAF
KACT
KFEM
KPRV
KPWR
KIRC
KCFE
KRIM
KHIV
KHLS
KVIR
KNNNP
KCEM
KLIG
KIRF
KNUP
KSAC
KNUC
KPGOV
KTDD
KIDE
KOMS
KLFU
KNNC
KMFO
KSEO
KJRE
KJUST
KMRS
KSRE
KGIT
KPIR
KPOA
KUWAIT
KIVP
KICC
KSCS
KPOL
KSEAO
KRCM
KSCI
KNAP
KGLB
KICA
KCUL
KPRM
KFSC
KQ
KPOP
KPFO
KPALAOIS
KREC
KBWG
KR
KTTB
KNAR
KCOM
KESS
KINR
KOCI
KWN
KCSY
KREL
KTBT
KFTN
KW
KRFD
KFLOA
KHDP
KNEP
KIND
KHUM
KSKN
KOMO
KDRL
KTFIN
KSOC
KPO
KGIV
KSTCPL
KSI
KPRP
KFPC
KNNB
KNDP
KICCPUR
KFRDCVISCMGTCASCKOCIASECPHUMSMIGEG
KDMR
KFCE
KIMMITT
KMCC
KMNP
KSEC
KOMCSG
KGCC
KRAD
KCRP
KAUST
KWAWC
KCHG
KRDP
KPAS
KTIAPARM
KPAOPREL
KWGB
KIRP
KMIG
KLAB
KSEI
KHSA
KNPP
KPAONZ
KWWW
KGHA
KY
KCRIM
KCRCM
KGCN
KPLS
KIIP
KPAOY
KTRD
KTAO
KJU
KBTS
KWAC
KFIU
KNNO
KPAI
KILS
KPA
KRCS
KWBGSY
KNPPIS
KNNPMNUC
KNPT
KERG
KLTN
KPREL
KTLA
KO
KAWK
KVRP
KAID
KX
KENV
KWCI
KNPR
KCFC
KNEI
KFTFN
KTFM
KCERS
KDEMAF
KMEPI
KEMS
KBTR
KEDU
KIRL
KNNR
KMPT
KPDD
KPIN
KDEV
KFRP
KTBD
KMSG
KWWMN
KWBC
KA
KOM
KWNM
KFRDKIRFCVISCMGTKOCIASECPHUMSMIGEG
KRGY
KNNF
KICR
KIFR
KWMNCS
KPAK
KDDG
KCGC
KID
KNSD
KMPF
KWMM
MARR
MX
MASS
MOPS
MNUC
MCAP
MTCRE
MRCRE
MTRE
MASC
MY
MK
MG
MU
MILI
MO
MZ
MEPP
MCC
MEDIA
MOPPS
MI
MAS
MW
MP
MEPN
MV
MD
MR
MC
MCA
MT
MIL
MARITIME
MOPSGRPARM
MAAR
MOOPS
ML
MA
MN
MNUCPTEREZ
MTCR
MUNC
MPOS
MONUC
MGMT
MURRAY
MACP
MINUSTAH
MCCONNELL
MGT
MNUR
MF
MEPI
MOHAMMAD
MAR
MAPP
MNU
MFA
MTS
MLS
MEETINGS
MERCOSUR
MED
MNVC
MIK
MBM
MILITARY
MAPS
MARAD
MDC
MACEDONIA
MASSMNUC
MUCN
MQADHAFI
MPS
NZ
NATO
NI
NO
NU
NG
NL
NPT
NS
NA
NP
NASA
NSF
NEA
NANCY
NSG
NRR
NATIONAL
NMNUC
NC
NSC
NAS
NARC
NELSON
NATEU
NDP
NIH
NK
NIPP
NR
NERG
NSSP
NE
NTDB
NT
NEGROPONTE
NGO
NATOIRAQ
NAR
NZUS
NCCC
NH
NAFTA
NEW
NRG
NUIN
NOVO
NATOPREL
NV
NICHOLAS
NPA
NSFO
NW
NORAD
NPG
NOAA
OPRC
OPDC
OTRA
OECD
OVIP
OREP
ODC
OIIP
OAS
OSCE
OPIC
OMS
OFDP
OFDA
OEXC
OPCW
OIE
OSCI
OM
OPAD
ODPC
OIC
ODIP
OPPI
ORA
OCEA
OREG
OMIG
OFFICIALS
OSAC
OEXP
OPEC
OFPD
OAU
OCII
OIL
OVIPPRELUNGANU
OSHA
OPCD
OPCR
OF
OFDPQIS
OSIC
OHUM
OTR
OBSP
OGAC
OESC
OVP
ON
OES
OTAR
OCS
PREL
PGOV
PARM
PINR
PHUM
PM
PREF
PTER
PK
PINS
PBIO
PHSA
PE
PBTS
PA
PL
POL
PAK
POV
POLITICS
POLICY
PO
PRELTBIOBA
PKO
PIN
PNAT
PU
PGOVPREL
PALESTINIAN
PTERPGOV
PELOSI
PAS
PP
PTEL
PROP
PRELAF
PRHUM
PRE
PUNE
PIRF
PVOV
PROG
PERSONS
PROV
PKK
PRGOV
PH
PLAB
PDEM
PCI
PRL
PRM
PINSO
PERM
PETR
PPAO
PERL
PBS
PETERS
PRELBR
PCON
POLITICAL
PMIL
POLM
PKPA
PNUM
PLO
PTERM
PJUS
PARMP
PNIR
PHUMKPAL
PG
PREZ
PGIC
PAO
PROTECTION
PRELPK
PGOVENRG
PATTY
PSOC
PARTIES
PGOVEAIDUKNOSWGMHUCANLLHFRSPITNZ
PMIG
PAIGH
PARK
PETER
PHUS
PKPO
PGOVECON
POUS
PMAR
PWBG
PAR
PGOVGM
PHUH
PTE
PY
POLUN
PDOV
PGOVSOCI
PGOVPM
PRELEVU
PGOR
PBTSRU
PHUMA
PHUMR
PPD
PGV
PRAM
PARMS
PINL
PSI
PKPAL
PPA
PTERE
PGOF
PINO
PREO
PHAS
PAC
PRESL
PORG
PS
PGVO
PKFK
PSOE
PEPR
PINT
PRELP
PREFA
PNG
PTBS
PFOR
PGOVLO
PHUMBA
PREK
PHJM
POLINT
PGOVE
PHALANAGE
PARTY
PECON
PEACE
PROCESS
PLN
PEDRO
PF
PGPV
PCUL
PGGV
PSA
PGOVSMIGKCRMKWMNPHUMCVISKFRDCA
PGIV
PHUMPREL
POGOV
PEL
PBT
PAMQ
PINF
PSEPC
POSTS
PAHO
PHUMPGOV
PGOC
PNR
RS
RP
RU
RW
RFE
RCMP
RIGHTSPOLMIL
REFORM
RO
ROW
ROBERT
REACTION
REPORT
REGION
RELATIONS
RAY
ROBERTG
RIGHTS
RM
RATIFICATION
RREL
RBI
RICE
ROOD
REL
RODHAM
RGY
RUEHZO
RELIGIOUS
RELFREE
RUEUN
RELAM
RSP
RF
REO
REGIONAL
RUPREL
RI
REMON
RPEL
RSO
SCUL
SENV
SOCI
SZ
SNAR
SO
SP
SU
SY
SI
SMIG
SYR
SA
SW
SF
SR
SYRIA
SNARM
START
SPECIALIST
SG
SNIG
SCI
SGWI
SE
SIPDIS
SANC
SELAB
SN
SETTLEMENTS
SCIENCE
SENVENV
SENS
SPCE
SPAS
SECURITY
SENC
SOCIETY
SOSI
SENVEAGREAIDTBIOECONSOCIXR
SEN
SPECI
ST
SL
SENVCASCEAIDID
SC
SECRETARY
STR
SNA
SOCIS
SADC
SEP
SK
SHUM
SYAI
SMIL
STEPHEN
SNRV
SKCA
SENSITIVE
SECI
SCUD
SCRM
SGNV
SECTOR
SAARC
SENVSXE
SWMN
STEINBERG
SOPN
SOCR
SCRS
SWE
SARS
SNARIZ
SUDAN
SENVQGR
SAN
SM
SFNV
SSA
SPCVIS
SOFA
SCULKPAOECONTU
SENVKGHG
SHI
SEVN
SH
SNARCS
SNARN
SIPRS
TBIO
TW
TRGY
TSPA
TU
TPHY
TI
TX
TH
TIP
TSPL
TNGD
TZ
TS
TC
TK
TURKEY
TERRORISM
TPSL
TINT
TRSY
TERFIN
TPP
TT
TECHNOLOGY
TE
TAGS
TRAFFICKING
TJ
TN
TO
TD
TP
TREATY
TR
TA
TIO
TECH
TF
TRAD
TNDG
TWI
TPSA
TWL
TAUSCHER
TRBY
TL
TV
THPY
TSPAM
TREL
TRT
TNAR
TFIN
TWCH
THOMMA
THOMAS
TERROR
TRY
TBID
UK
UNESCO
UNSC
UNGA
UN
US
UZ
USEU
UG
UP
UNAUS
UNMIK
USTR
UY
USUN
UNEP
UNDC
UV
UNPUOS
UNSCR
USAID
UNODC
UNRCR
UNHCR
UNDP
UNCRIME
UA
UNHRC
UNRWA
UNO
UNCND
UNCHR
USAU
UNICEF
USPS
UNOMIG
UNESCOSCULPRELPHUMKPALCUIRXFVEKV
UR
UNFICYP
UNCITRAL
UNAMA
UNVIE
USTDA
USNC
UNCSD
USCC
UNEF
UNGAPL
USSC
UNMIC
UNTAC
UNCLASSIFIED
USDA
UNCTAD
USGS
UNFPA
UNSE
USOAS
UE
UAE
UNCHS
UNDESCO
UNC
UNSCS
UKXG
UNGACG
UNHR
UNBRO
UNCHC
UNFCYP
UNIDROIT
WHTI
WIPO
WTRO
WHO
WTO
WMO
WFP
WEET
WS
WE
WA
WHA
WBG
WILLIAM
WI
WSIS
WCL
WEBZ
WZ
WW
WWBG
WMD
WWT
WMN
WWARD
WITH
WTRQ
WCO
WEU
WB
WBEG
Browse by classification
Community resources
courage is contagious
Viewing cable 09SHANGHAI291, HOUSEHOLDS LOOKING AT REAL ESTATE PURCHASES, BUT GROWTH
If you are new to these pages, please read an introduction on the structure of a cable as well as how to discuss them with others. See also the FAQs
Understanding cables
Every cable message consists of three parts:
- The top box shows each cables unique reference number, when and by whom it originally was sent, and what its initial classification was.
- The middle box contains the header information that is associated with the cable. It includes information about the receiver(s) as well as a general subject.
- The bottom box presents the body of the cable. The opening can contain a more specific subject, references to other cables (browse by origin to find them) or additional comment. This is followed by the main contents of the cable: a summary, a collection of specific topics and a comment section.
Discussing cables
If you find meaningful or important information in a cable, please link directly to its unique reference number. Linking to a specific paragraph in the body of a cable is also possible by copying the appropriate link (to be found at theparagraph symbol). Please mark messages for social networking services like Twitter with the hash tags #cablegate and a hash containing the reference ID e.g. #09SHANGHAI291.
Reference ID | Created | Released | Classification | Origin |
---|---|---|---|---|
09SHANGHAI291 | 2009-07-01 05:46 | 2011-08-23 00:00 | UNCLASSIFIED//FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY | Consulate Shanghai |
VZCZCXRO3395
RR RUEHCN RUEHGH
DE RUEHGH #0291/01 1820546
ZNR UUUUU ZZH
R 010546Z JUL 09
FM AMCONSUL SHANGHAI
TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC 8089
INFO RUEHBJ/AMEMBASSY BEIJING 2920
RUEHCN/AMCONSUL CHENGDU 2091
RUCPDOC/DEPT OF COMMERCE WASHINGTON DC
RUEATRS/DEPT OF TREASURY WASHINGTON DC
RUEHGZ/AMCONSUL GUANGZHOU 0548
RUEHHK/AMCONSUL HONG KONG 2259
RUEHML/AMEMBASSY MANILA 0075
RHEHAAA/NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL WASHINGTON DC
RUEHUL/AMEMBASSY SEOUL 0486
RUEHGH/AMCONSUL SHANGHAI 8736
RUEHSH/AMCONSUL SHENYANG 2082
RUEHGP/AMEMBASSY SINGAPORE 0273
RUEHIN/AIT TAIPEI 1877
RUEHKO/AMEMBASSY TOKYO 0695
UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 06 SHANGHAI 000291
SENSITIVE
SIPDIS
STATE FOR EAP/CM, DAS DAVIES
TREASURY FOR OASIA/INA -- DOHNER/HAARSAGER/WINSHIP
TREASURY FOR IMFP -- SOBEL/CUSHMAN
USDOC FOR ITA DAS KASOFF, MELCHER, MAC/OCEA
NSC FOR LOI, SHRIER
STATE PASS CEA FOR BLOCK
STATE PASS USTR FOR STRATFORD/WINTER/MCCARTIN/KATZ/MAIN
STATE PASS CFTC FOR OIA/GORLICK
E.O. 12958: N/A
TAGS: CH ECON EFIN EINV ELAB PGOV SOCI
SUBJECT: HOUSEHOLDS LOOKING AT REAL ESTATE PURCHASES, BUT GROWTH
STILL LAGS
¶1. (SBU) Summary: Chinese households in cities across China
began to show renewed interest in residential property during
the first four months of 2009, but the boost this gives to the
economy is limited because developers are still running down
their housing inventory. Speculators, who drove investment and
purchases on the high-priced end of the market, appear to still
be mostly waiting on the sidelines. Developers, too, are
cautious of overbuilding in the current environment, and have
used the uptick in demand to finish delayed projects and run
down their inventory. As a result, fewer construction workers
are needed, although so far the overall situation is not worse
than previous years, say our NGO contacts. Furthermore, a
prolonged downturn would begin to impact banks, which are more
dependent on the sector than the data suggests. End summary.
¶2. (SBU) This is the first of two cables on China's real estate
sector in the first four months of 2009. The cables are the
result of collaboration across the China Mission, with input and
clearances from Beijing, Chengdu, Guangzhou, and Shanghai.
EconOffs in those posts spoke with contacts over a period of
several weeks in March-May 2009. This cable focuses on real
estate sector trends--especially among households--and the
impact on property developers and banks. Septel will focus on
the Chinese government response to troubles in the real estate
sector.
============================
Housing purchases are up . . .
============================
¶3. (SBU) Residential real estate trading volume in the first
few months of the year has largely bounced back across China,
leading our contacts throughout China to be more optimistic
about the real estate market. According to a senior contact in
the NYSE-listed E-House real estate firm speaking in mid May,
trading volume for properties in almost all major Chinese cities
returned to normal levels over the course of January-April. He
added that most of the increased buying volume is occurring at
the low- and medium-priced end of the market, with smaller
increases on the high-priced end. (Note: E-House's proprietary
data system, known as China Real Estate Information Circle or
CRIC, covers 40 cities, including most provincial capitals. End
note.) The general manager at a US-Chinese manufacturing joint
venture in the Chengdu Consular District noted an uptick in the
housing market following the Lunar New Year in late January,
with people who were waiting for prices to bottom out now
feeling it is time to buy. In Guangzhou, property developer
Evergrande--one of the top ten real estate firms in China--said
that their sales in the first quarter of 2009 have been better
than during the same period last year, and shared the view of
other property developer contacts in the region who anticipated
that the upward trend would continue this year.
¶4. (SBU) Real estate professionals and government officials
alike point to the strong demand that will continue to drive the
housing market, including:
- In Beijing, demand from recent university graduates moving
to Beijing or parents seeking to put their children in Beijing
schools, according to a contact from Regal Lloyds Real Estate.
- In Chengdu, demand from low- and medium-income buyers, about
evenly split between people from Chengdu and immigrants--80
percent of whom come from elsewhere in Sichuan, according to the
Chengdu Housing Management Administration (CHMA). CHMA further
notes that the uptick is a natural correction from 2008, when
short-term downward pressures included correcting overheated
demand in 2007 as well as the impact of the earthquake and the
global financial crisis on consumer demand.
- In Shanghai, demand from households relocated from rundown
districts, newlyweds, and immigrants, according to an official
SHANGHAI 00000291 002 OF 006
with the Shanghai Municipal Urban-Rural Construction and
Transportation Committee. Also, people are seeking a hedge
against inflation, said a top Citibank official.
¶5. (SBU) Our contacts varied on the prospects of the retail and
commercial property markets, however. One contact whose company
operates China-wide told Guangzhou EconOff that commercial
transactions were largely unaffected by the downturn, while
another who focuses on South China said that both residential
and commercial were affected equally, only that residential
showed the effects more quickly. Beijing EconOff's contact at
Regal Lloyds confirmed that the city has a large supply of empty
office space--although not on Financial Street or in the
Zhongguancun high-tech zone. A CBRE Shanghai contact in March
said that commercial office space was likely to remain at a 30
percent vacancy rate through 2013, given the overbuild in the
Lujiazui financial district, and that retail space would have a
5 percent to 10 percent vacancy rate through 2011. In
Chongqing, commercial real estate turnover was lagging far
behind that of booming residential turnover in February and
March.
============================
. . . but some question the numbers
============================
¶6. (SBU) Some of our contacts see evidence of real estate
developers using fake mortgages and fake pre-sales to "make up"
the recovery. A Chinese Academy of Social Sciences scholar told
EmbOffs that housing pre-sales--which could be manipulated by
sellers to suggest heightened buyer interest--were on the rise
in Beijing at the beginning of 2009. Fake mortgages are another
problem, in which developers arrange for family and friends to
snap up units in a new building, and will then take them back at
a later date. The scholar heard a rumor that in Shenzhen there
was a case involving fake mortgages for 400 apartments, and said
he has heard similar stories about the housing market in
Beijing. An industry expert from the Beijing-based Soufun
Holdings also speculated that sellers are falsifying sales to
create a "buying environment" to help with market recovery.
However, he did not think it was an endemic problem, and
speculated that just a few people are doing this in Beijing. In
Guangzhou, a major real estate investor told EconOff that the
slight increase in prices was due more to manipulation by the
real estate companies than an actual recovery.
============================
Speculators cautious for now . . .
============================
¶7. (SBU) Our contacts generally paint a picture of reduced
interest from domestic and foreign real estate speculators. For
instance, says a Guangdong real estate consultant, large foreign
companies have been increasingly cautious about investing in
South China, especially when compared with 2007. In Chengdu,
there are some international buyers--e.g., from Hong Kong, the
Philippines, and Taiwan--but overall domestic and foreign
investors currently account for less than 10 percent of the
demand, the proportion that existed before the spike to nearly
25 percent in 2007, according to CHMA. On the other hand, there
are some indications of renewed interest in some areas. Since
March, some Hong Kong investors have been on the lookout for
cheap properties in Chongqing, according to an investment
manager at a large local real estate agency. And in South
China, small- and medium-size enterprises have been more active
in seeking out distressed properties, according to a consultant
contact there.
¶8. (SBU) Trends in the sources of funds for real estate support
SHANGHAI 00000291 003 OF 006
this picture, according to data from the first five months of
2009 compiled by Standard Chartered Bank and CEIC. Overall real
estate investment increased 16 percent compared with the same
period in 2008. Of this, deposits and advance payments were up
17 percent--indicating increased buyer interest, especially
given that the same indicator fell by 13 percent in 2008-- bank
loans were up 16 percent, and self-raised capital was up 11
percent. But foreign investment--an indicator of speculator
interest--was down 9 percent.
============================
. . . and developers are running down inventory
============================
¶9. (SBU) Nationally, according to E-House data, builders are
reluctant to start new construction projects, and instead are
focusing on selling off properties already under construction.
The contact cites the National Bureau of Statistics' Developers
Real Estate Sentiment--which hit a low of 94.74 in March and
stayed at 94.76 in April--to indicate that developers may see
the bottom of the market, but are not yet in an expansionary
mood. (Note: The index in May again rebounded slightly,
reaching 95.94. A level of 100 in the index indicates positive
market sentiment. End note.)
¶10. (SBU) In Beijing, for example, investment in residential,
office, and commercial real estate has hit all-time lows, with
the sharpest decline in residential real estate, which fell from
a high of 36.6 percent year over year growth in June 2008 to
almost no growth in February 2009. The situation is similar in
Chengdu, where new housing construction was down in the first
quarter by 58 percent compared to same period last year,
according to the Sichuan Statistics Bureau. While overall fixed
asset investment in Chengdu was up 29.5 percent in 2008 over the
previous year, investment in real estate was up only 7.8
percent. As a result, real estate investment as a proportion of
fixed-asset investment in Chengdu has gone down by 3.8
percentage points. (Comment: The sharply slowing growth of
real estate investment in the first quarter is a drag on the
Central Government's efforts to reach 8 percent growth in 2009,
despite the signs of consumer interest in purchasing homes. End
comment.)
============================
Slowdown hits construction workers
============================
¶11. (SBU) According to two Beijing-based migrant worker NGOs,
construction workers, along with workers in export-oriented
factories, are the two groups most affected by the late 2008
downturn in the job market. In addition, the NGOs tell EconOffs
that wage arrears problems are up again, after declining
steadily for a few years. Despite this, experts say there were
fewer complaints from migrant workers in the construction
industry over the wage payment issue in 2008, and thanks to the
Olympic Games, the government has been paying close attention to
the wage problems for migrant workers since last year.
(Comment: This is mostly due to fear of collective unrest by
the workers. End comment.) With so many projects currently
suspended, there are still many migrants who were not fully
paid, and some not paid at all, in late 2008. In sum, project
suspensions have forced many construction migrant workers to
stop working, and most of them had to return home earlier than
ever, with only a portion of the promised annual wage, and, for
some, only a small stipend. (Note: Despite this bleak picture,
both NGOs say that the overall situation has not worsened from
past years. End note.)
¶12. (SBU) That said, some factors may be limiting the impact on
SHANGHAI 00000291 004 OF 006
workers. In Sichuan, quake reconstruction is creating strong
employment demand. Even some places outside the immediate quake
zone seem to be reviving: a contact in Chongqing observed that,
while construction activity was visibly way down in late 2008,
as of January it looked like someone flipped a switch back to
the previous frenetic pace, putting many people back to work.
And according to a real estate industry contact in Guangzhou,
all real estate companies in the region slowed their production
down dramatically, especially the production of high-end
housing, but due to low labor costs very few people were laid
off as a result.
============================
Housing prices edging up in some markets
============================
¶13. (SBU) With trading volume for housing returning to normal
levels, according to our E-House contact, prices in some markets
by April had begun to rise slightly. Of the 40 cities covered
by E-House, the contact pointed to Shenzhen, Hangzhou, and
Chongqing as clearly coming off their lows. For example, a real
estate agent contact told Chengdu EconOff his personal view on
Chongqing housing was that now is the time to buy, given his
sense that price and turnover signals indicate an upward trend.
(Comment: This is relatively good news for the real estate
industry, which has been quick to hype the shift in hope that
consumers, sensing a bottom to the market, will swarm back in.
End comment.)
¶14. (SBU) The potential turnaround in prices comes at the end
of a long nationwide decline: sales prices in Beijing for
residential, office, and commercial real estate have all seen
consistent, gradual declines since 2008, and a Guangdong-based
real estate investor noted that prices have fallen to 50 percent
of their peak levels. Markets such as Chengdu and Chongqing
avoided the extremes of the bubble, though, with a real estate
investment manager there saying prices never got out of control.
He noted that long-term oversupply, combined with an
unwillingness of lower-end sellers to price below cost, has left
prices relatively stable.
============================
Real estate sector still could be facing weak growth
============================
¶15. (SBU) Industry experts disagree on the short-term prospects
for the housing market. Our Shanghai-based E-House contact
predicts that trading volume will tick back down in the middle
of the year--May trading slowed down from April's--before rising
later in the year when medium-term consumer demand kicks in
again. The contact further cites sentiment in the banking
industry that loose monetary policies will be halted in the
second half, impacting mortgage lending. A leading
Shanghai-based academic in mid May told a real estate
conference, "It is too early to say that the real estate market
will revive." Even more pessimistically, Consulate Guangzhou's
real estate consultant contact strongly doubts that the market
in South China will recover as long as the world economy
continues to have problems, and another locally based real
estate executive estimates that the China real estate market
will likely not fully recover until at least 2015. By way of
contrast, a Guangzhou-based executive with Evergrande--which is
seeking to issue an IPO--sees a continuous upward trend this
year.
============================
Banks relying too heavily on real estate growth?
============================
SHANGHAI 00000291 005.3 OF 006
¶16. (SBU) Several of our contacts raised the possibility that
banks are underestimating risk in the real estate sector,
especially with respect to their loans to property developers,
and may see a surge in nonperforming loans in a prolonged
economic downturn. In the fourth quarter 2008 People's Bank of
China (PBOC) Monetary Policy Report, PBOC stated that 18.3
percent of bank lending in 2008 went to real estate, including
both household mortgages and loans to property developers. As
mentioned above, bank lending as a source of financing for the
real estate sector is up 16 percent in the first five months of
¶2009. A Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (CASS) contact,
however, noted that banks were also exposed through other
channels, including real estate investment trusts (REITs) and
illegal channeling of funds from third-party enterprises. The
contact said that these two sources make up a large portion of
real estate firms' self-raised capital, which is up 11 percent
in the first five months. Adding together these and other
factors, according to the scholar, 80 percent of bank loans are
real estate-related.
¶17. (SBU) The CASS scholar noted that if housing prices drop
sharply, most of the legal and illegal loans will become
non-performing. He warned that a subprime crisis may occur in
China if prices continue to fall. CBRC did require banks to do
stress tests on real estate lending in 2008, but no public
information became available on the results. A construction
expert at the Jones Day law firm in Beijing stated,
"Non-performing loans are a ticking time-bomb." He speculated
that many loans will be non-performing by the end of 2009, given
current trends in lending. He told EconOffs that banks have
thrown money at projects with little risk analysis, and will
first try "evergreening" troubled loans rather than write them
off. In Guangzhou, our real estate consultant contact said that
banks would not be able to stay in business without the real
estate industry. Given this reliance, said the contact, if
prices had dropped a further 15 percent from their lows last
year, banks likely would have begun to fail.
¶18. (SBU) Some banks are aware of this vulnerability, say our
contacts. The executive of a Chengdu real estate company notes
that banks there are less willing to lend to real estate
companies and continue to rate them as high risk borrowers. In
Chengdu, this has resulted in a sharp drop in lending. In 2007,
60.3 percent of commercial bank lending went to real estate;
this dropped to 18 percent in 2008, and to 12.6 percent in the
first two months in 2009. In Beijing, the Jones Day expert told
EconOffs that, while banks are more willing to lend to
construction projects, they are cautious about lending to
private developers and real estate projects. He added that
there isn't a lot of sympathy for private developers, and there
is virtually no pressure from the government to lend to them.
As a result, bank loans are not reaching smaller real estate and
development firms, and there's a sense that there needs to be
some consolidation, he said.
¶19. (SBU) At the same time, our contacts agree that banks are
not at risk from homeowner defaults. Chinese industry experts
told EconOffs that mortgage defaults are not the "Chinese way,"
and they are sure people will continue to make home payments.
============================
Comment
============================
¶20. (SBU) Our contacts describe a real estate industry that
narrowly avoided larger problems this past fall, and now is
eager to find signs that the downturn has ended and profit
growth can return. However, the short-term prospects are still
uncertain, leaving the industry in a mood to coast along rather
SHANGHAI 00000291 006 OF 006
than rev up a new wave of investment and construction. This
industry mood is further darkened by Central Government policy,
which septel describes as running contrary to real estate
developers' hopes by emphasizing low-profit affordable housing
rather than the double-digit returns of luxury apartments and
villas. All this points to real estate investment remaining low
until developers are more certain about medium term trends, and
that the boost real estate investment has given to gross capital
formation--the biggest single contributor to recent years' GDP
as measured on the expenditure side--will remain muted this year
even as the Chinese Government tries to achieve 8 percent GDP
growth.
¶21. (SBU) Aside from the GDP impact of construction activity,
the prospects of higher housing demand and rising real estate
valuations could provide a boost to consumer spending. Several
of our contacts noted that the simultaneous hits from the stock
market fall and the slump in real estate prices had taken a toll
in consumer confidence. This is widely regarded as true despite
high retail sales growth rates--which continue at above-GDP
growth rates, and therefore are helping to pull the
economy--since retail sales covers more than household
purchases. A Guangzhou-based executive with a real estate
developer that operates China-wide commented that Guangzhou's
local measures were aimed more at increasing consumer confidence
than actually helping the industry, implying that the government
there is making the connection between consumer spending and the
real estate market as well.
CAMP