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Viewing cable 09MOSCOW1156, RUSSIA: THE SITUATION IN KALMYKIA IS ANYTHING BUT
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Reference ID | Created | Released | Classification | Origin |
---|---|---|---|---|
09MOSCOW1156 | 2009-05-06 07:44 | 2011-08-24 01:00 | UNCLASSIFIED//FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY | Embassy Moscow |
VZCZCXRO7379
OO RUEHDBU RUEHLN RUEHPOD RUEHSK RUEHVK RUEHYG
DE RUEHMO #1156/01 1260744
ZNR UUUUU ZZH
O 060744Z MAY 09
FM AMEMBASSY MOSCOW
TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC IMMEDIATE 3162
INFO RUCNCIS/CIS COLLECTIVE PRIORITY
RUEHXD/MOSCOW POLITICAL COLLECTIVE PRIORITY
RHEHNSC/NSC WASHDC PRIORITY
UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 03 MOSCOW 001156
SENSITIVE
SIPDIS
E.O. 12958: N/A
TAGS: PREL PGOV KDEM PHUM KIRF PINR RS
SUBJECT: RUSSIA: THE SITUATION IN KALMYKIA IS ANYTHING BUT
CALM
¶1. (SBU) Summary: The predominantly Buddhist Republic of
Kalmykia in Russia's Southern Federal District, headed by a
chess-obsessed autocrat, has not been spared the corruption
endemic to the rest of the country or the ethnic strife found
in the nearby North Caucasus republics. Both the mayor of
its capital Elista and one of his deputies have been charged
with corruption and, at least temporarily, removed from their
positions. Tension between the majority Kalmyk and minority
Dagestani communities boiled over April 1-3 in the republic's
southern city of Artesian and the Russian Orthodox Church has
pressured minority Christian denominations even as it pays
lip service publicly to religious tolerance. End Summary.
¶2. (SBU) An April 21-23 visit to the southern Russian
republic of Kalmykia found a sleepy province with an
undercurrent of political intrigues typical of an
authoritarian backwater. Elected shortly after the breakup
of the Soviet Union, Kirsan Ilyumshinov has been president of
Kalmykia since 1993. By most accounts, he has done little
for the republic other than enjoin everyone to play chess.
The republic, with an official population of around 300,000
inhabitants, is largely agrarian, although there are some
deposits of poor quality oil and associated gas that the
Russian company Lukoil is developing deep underground near
its southern border with Dagestan. Its capital Elista is a
run-down city with gutted roads even in the city center that
prides itself on the building of Europe's largest Buddhist
temple and a Potemkin-style Chess City, meant to attract the
world's best chess players and their fans. The republic's
rural population is moving to the capital, where Soviet-era
factories have largely been shuttered, or elsewhere in the
Russian Federation.
Tug of War Between the Republic's Two Leading Personalities
--------------------------------------------- --------------
¶3. (SBU) A political tug of war has broken out between
Kalmykia's President Kirsan Ilyumshinov and Elista's deposed
mayor Radiy Burulov. In February, Kalmykia's Supreme Court
released Burulov on a two million ruble bail after he was
arrested in March 2008 on suspicion of giving a municipal
contract in January 2006 to a building supply company
indirectly owned by him. As a result of this contract,
according to the internet-based Caucasian Knot media outlet,
the city suffered losses of almost 700,000 rubles. On March
12 Burulov appeared before the Elista City Council, denied
the charges made against him, accused Ilyumshinov of pressing
for his resignation and demanded that he be "rehabilitated"
and allowed to take up his duties as mayor once more. The
city council voted overwhelmingly in favor of Burulov. Local
newspapers quoted one pro-Burulov councilman as stating that
"over the 16 years of Ilyumshinov's reign, Kalmykia has
reached a state of total collapse and bankruptcy" and that
with Ilyumshinov in power "Kalmykia has no future."
¶4. (SBU) Burulov is not the only municipal official to have
found himself in trouble with the law. On April 18, police
in Kislovodsk in Stavropol Kray arrested Vladimir Tomutov,
Elista's vice mayor for construction and capital investment,
for whom an international arrest warrant had been issued.
Tomutov, under suspicion of stealing 13 million rubles of
city funds that were to have been used to construct a
children's hospital and schools, had left Kalmykia in
September 2008 in violation of a court order for him not to
leave the republic. Police returned him to Elista the
following day, according to the spokesman for the republic's
Ministry of Internal Affairs.
Simmering Ethnic Tensions Boil Over in Southern Kalmykia
--------------------------------------------- -----------
¶5. (SBU) Although Kalmykia's population is at least half
ethnic Kalmyk, there is a large ethnic Russian minority
approaching 40 percent. The next largest minority ethnic
group is from nearby Dagestan and includes citizens of
Kalmykia as well as temporary residents who have gone there
to find work. Included in this group, according to Magomed
Umalogov, the head of the Dagestani diaspora in Kalmykia, are
herders who rent land in southern Kalmykia on which they
maintain their livestock.
¶6. (SBU) According to Umalogov, on April 1 members of a
criminal gang operating in the southern part of Kalmykia
attacked two such herders from Dagestan to try to force them
off the land they had rented. He said that on April 2, after
the two were secretly brought to Dagestan for medical
treatment, around 100 of their relatives and other residents
of the Dagestani town of Khasavyurt, including at least two
dozen women as well as its mayor and the local head of the
MOSCOW 00001156 002 OF 003
FSB, drove across the border to Artesian to demand that the
attackers be brought to justice. Umalagov was in Artesian on
the afternoon of April 2 when the brief altercation came to a
head and helped to diffuse it by having the Kalmyk
authorities promise to conduct an investigation. He told us
April 22 that no such investigation had been conducted.
Analyst Andrey Serenko told Caucasian Knot that the conflict
was a fight between rival Caspian Sea fish poachers and the
law enforcement agencies that supported them. According to
Serenko and Umalagov, the two areas in Kalmykia with the
greatest amount of lawlessness are the Chernozemelskiy and
Laganskiy regions along the Caspian coast.
¶7. (SBU) Umalogov was full of invective for ethnic Kalmyks.
He painted a picture of them that was as far as possible from
the peace-loving people you are led to believe when touring
Elista's Buddhist Temple that dominates the central part of
the capital, completed in 2005 and the largest in Europe. He
said they treat members of Dagestan's ethnic groups poorly
and often tell them to return to Dagestan because "Kalmykia
is for Kalmyks." He noted that this is the second time that
Kalmyks from Artesian had attacked non-Kalmyks. In October
2007, locals attacked a Tyumen-Baku train when it arrived in
Artesian after a fight broke out in the restaurant car
between Kalmyks and ethnic Azeris. Umalogov said that
Kalmyks do not have a high tolerance for alcohol and drink
too much of it. During our meeting over lunch, Umalogov
received a call from the local FSB warning him about "saying
too much to a visiting American diplomat."
Protestant Minorities, Muslims Face Difficulties
--------------------------------------------- ---
¶8. (SBU) Despite the recent creation of a Board for
Religious Tolerance in which the leaders of Kalmykia's
Buddhist, Russian Orthodox and Muslim communities participate
and a highly publicized attempt to bridge the differences
between the Russian Orthodox Church and small Protestant
denominations, religious minorities have continued to face
difficulties. The 60 members of the Seventh Day Adventists
Church (14 of whom are school-age children) have been singled
out for the harshest treatment. They have been attacked in
the local press as a "religious sect" and in March the city
of Elista's Commission on Youth Affairs fined three parents
100 rubles each for refusing to send their children to school
on Saturday. According to the Adventists' pastor Vitaliy
Tikhomirov, in past years the city had been satisfied with a
statement from the parents stating that their children would
be under parental supervision attending church services
during the mandatory half-day of classes on Saturday.
Tikhomirov said that things may have changed and Adventist
children targeted when a new elite high school named after an
Orthodox saint went into operation this year and Russian
Orthodox Church hierarchy led by Elista Archbishop Zozima
stated that all children there should attend Saturday classes
to achieve higher standards of education. He noted that the
case had received wide (and mostly negative) publicity in the
local media. Tikhomirov pointed out that the principal of
the new school, an ethnic Kalmyk, had been interviewed on
local television saying he supported mandatory attendance,
although as late as last year when he was the head of another
school he had supported Adventist children being allowed to
attend Saturday church services.
¶9. (SBU) On April 24, the city court in Elista ruled that
the three parents did not have to pay the 100 ruble fine
levied against them by the city. A lawyer from the Slavic
Law and Justice Center's St. Petersburg office represented
the church member, an ethnic Azeri who became an Adventist
several years ago and who brought the appeal of the
administrative fine. While in Elista we had raised this case
with the Ombudsman of the Kalmyk Republic, Vladislav Savisko,
an ethnic Russian originally from Siberia. He was unaware of
the case, because unlike the local 100-strong Jehovah's
Witness church, the Adventists had never come to him with a
problem. He agreed, however, that as Ombudsman he should
protect the right of the Adventists to practice their
religion without government interference. We suggested that
although his small six-person office was busy on April 24
conducting a conference on the rights of handicapped people,
someone should attend the court proceedings and report back
to him. We do not know if anyone from the office was able to
attend the proceedings. Tikhomirov's wife told us on April
29 that local representatives of the FSB visited the church
and asked about our meeting with her husband and our interest
in the church. Tikhomirov told us May 5 that he has again
been summoned to appear before the Commission on Youth
Affairs on May 7 and that Savisko had promised that someone
from the Ombudsman's office would also be present.
MOSCOW 00001156 003 OF 003
¶10. (SBU) Although they represent about five percent of the
population, Kalmykia's Muslims have been stymied in their
desire to build a mosque there. We visited a small prayer
room outside of Elista, one of several in the republic.
Umalogov and the proprietor of the Dagestani restaurant next
to the prayer room (who had actually paid for most of its
construction), complained that Kalmykia's mufti,
Sultan-Akhmed Karalayev, had not yet convinced the government
to allow the construction of a larger facility. Karalayev is
based in Langan, situated on its small Caspian Sea coast, and
failed to appear at our scheduled meeting in Elista.
Comment
-------
¶11. (SBU) An undercurrent of tension remains in Kalmykia,
exacerbated by the lack of competent local leadership.
Eventually Medvedev will probably be forced to make the hard
choice of getting rid of Ilyumshinov and replacing him with
someone better suited to running the republic. We will
continue to monitor the plight of religious minorities there
and consult with the local Ombudsman if necessary.
BEYRLE