

Currently released so far... 51122 / 251,287
Articles
Brazil
Sri Lanka
United Kingdom
Sweden
00. Editorial
United States
Latin America
Egypt
Jordan
Yemen
Thailand
Browse latest releases
2010/12/01
2010/12/02
2010/12/03
2010/12/04
2010/12/05
2010/12/06
2010/12/07
2010/12/08
2010/12/09
2010/12/10
2010/12/11
2010/12/12
2010/12/13
2010/12/14
2010/12/15
2010/12/16
2010/12/17
2010/12/18
2010/12/19
2010/12/20
2010/12/21
2010/12/22
2010/12/23
2010/12/24
2010/12/25
2010/12/26
2010/12/27
2010/12/28
2010/12/29
2010/12/30
2011/01/01
2011/01/02
2011/01/04
2011/01/05
2011/01/07
2011/01/09
2011/01/11
2011/01/12
2011/01/13
2011/01/14
2011/01/15
2011/01/16
2011/01/17
2011/01/18
2011/01/19
2011/01/20
2011/01/21
2011/01/22
2011/01/23
2011/01/24
2011/01/25
2011/01/26
2011/01/27
2011/01/28
2011/01/29
2011/01/30
2011/01/31
2011/02/01
2011/02/02
2011/02/03
2011/02/04
2011/02/05
2011/02/06
2011/02/07
2011/02/08
2011/02/09
2011/02/10
2011/02/11
2011/02/12
2011/02/13
2011/02/14
2011/02/15
2011/02/16
2011/02/17
2011/02/18
2011/02/19
2011/02/20
2011/02/21
2011/02/22
2011/02/23
2011/02/24
2011/02/25
2011/02/26
2011/02/27
2011/02/28
2011/03/01
2011/03/02
2011/03/03
2011/03/04
2011/03/05
2011/03/06
2011/03/07
2011/03/08
2011/03/09
2011/03/10
2011/03/11
2011/03/13
2011/03/14
2011/03/15
2011/03/16
2011/03/17
2011/03/18
2011/03/19
2011/03/20
2011/03/21
2011/03/22
2011/03/23
2011/03/24
2011/03/25
2011/03/26
2011/03/27
2011/03/28
2011/03/29
2011/03/30
2011/03/31
2011/04/01
2011/04/02
2011/04/03
2011/04/04
2011/04/05
2011/04/06
2011/04/07
2011/04/08
2011/04/09
2011/04/10
2011/04/11
2011/04/12
2011/04/13
2011/04/14
2011/04/15
2011/04/16
2011/04/17
2011/04/18
2011/04/19
2011/04/20
2011/04/21
2011/04/22
2011/04/23
2011/04/24
2011/04/25
2011/04/26
2011/04/27
2011/04/28
2011/04/29
2011/04/30
2011/05/01
2011/05/02
2011/05/03
2011/05/04
2011/05/05
2011/05/06
2011/05/07
2011/05/08
2011/05/09
2011/05/10
2011/05/11
2011/05/12
2011/05/13
2011/05/14
2011/05/15
2011/05/16
2011/05/17
2011/05/18
2011/05/19
2011/05/20
2011/05/21
2011/05/22
2011/05/23
2011/05/24
2011/05/25
2011/05/26
2011/05/27
2011/05/28
2011/05/29
2011/05/30
2011/05/31
2011/06/01
2011/06/02
2011/06/03
2011/06/04
2011/06/05
2011/06/06
2011/06/07
2011/06/08
2011/06/09
2011/06/10
2011/06/11
2011/06/12
2011/06/13
2011/06/14
2011/06/15
2011/06/16
2011/06/17
2011/06/18
2011/06/19
2011/06/20
2011/06/21
2011/06/22
2011/06/23
2011/06/24
2011/06/25
2011/06/26
2011/06/27
2011/06/28
2011/06/29
2011/06/30
2011/07/01
2011/07/02
2011/07/04
2011/07/05
2011/07/06
2011/07/07
2011/07/08
2011/07/10
2011/07/11
2011/07/12
2011/07/13
2011/07/14
2011/07/15
2011/07/16
2011/07/17
2011/07/18
2011/07/19
2011/07/20
2011/07/21
2011/07/22
2011/07/23
2011/07/25
2011/07/27
2011/07/28
2011/07/29
2011/07/31
2011/08/01
2011/08/02
2011/08/03
2011/08/05
2011/08/06
2011/08/07
2011/08/08
2011/08/09
2011/08/10
2011/08/11
2011/08/12
2011/08/13
2011/08/15
2011/08/16
2011/08/17
2011/08/18
2011/08/19
2011/08/21
2011/08/22
2011/08/23
2011/08/24
Browse by creation date
Browse by origin
Embassy Athens
Embassy Asuncion
Embassy Astana
Embassy Asmara
Embassy Ashgabat
Embassy Apia
Embassy Antananarivo
Embassy Ankara
Embassy Amman
Embassy Algiers
Embassy Addis Ababa
Embassy Accra
Embassy Abuja
Embassy Abu Dhabi
Embassy Abidjan
Consulate Auckland
Consulate Amsterdam
Consulate Alexandria
Consulate Adana
American Institute Taiwan, Taipei
Embasy Bonn
Embassy Bujumbura
Embassy Buenos Aires
Embassy Budapest
Embassy Bucharest
Embassy Brussels
Embassy Bridgetown
Embassy Brazzaville
Embassy Bratislava
Embassy Brasilia
Embassy Bogota
Embassy Bishkek
Embassy Bern
Embassy Berlin
Embassy Belmopan
Embassy Belgrade
Embassy Beirut
Embassy Beijing
Embassy Banjul
Embassy Bangui
Embassy Bangkok
Embassy Bandar Seri Begawan
Embassy Bamako
Embassy Baku
Embassy Baghdad
Consulate Belfast
Consulate Barcelona
Embassy Cotonou
Embassy Copenhagen
Embassy Conakry
Embassy Colombo
Embassy Chisinau
Embassy Caracas
Embassy Canberra
Embassy Cairo
Consulate Curacao
Consulate Ciudad Juarez
Consulate Chiang Mai
Consulate Chennai
Consulate Chengdu
Consulate Casablanca
Consulate Cape Town
Consulate Calgary
Embassy Dushanbe
Embassy Dublin
Embassy Doha
Embassy Djibouti
Embassy Dili
Embassy Dhaka
Embassy Dar Es Salaam
Embassy Damascus
Embassy Dakar
DIR FSINFATC
Consulate Dusseldorf
Consulate Durban
Consulate Dubai
Consulate Dhahran
Embassy Guatemala
Embassy Grenada
Embassy Georgetown
Embassy Gaborone
Consulate Guayaquil
Consulate Guangzhou
Consulate Guadalajara
Embassy Helsinki
Embassy Harare
Embassy Hanoi
Consulate Hong Kong
Consulate Ho Chi Minh City
Consulate Hermosillo
Consulate Hamilton
Consulate Hamburg
Consulate Halifax
Embassy Kyiv
Embassy Kuwait
Embassy Kuala Lumpur
Embassy Kolonia
Embassy Kinshasa
Embassy Kingston
Embassy Kigali
Embassy Khartoum
Embassy Kathmandu
Embassy Kampala
Embassy Kabul
Consulate Krakow
Consulate Kolkata
Consulate Karachi
Embassy Luxembourg
Embassy Lusaka
Embassy Luanda
Embassy London
Embassy Lome
Embassy Ljubljana
Embassy Lisbon
Embassy Lima
Embassy Lilongwe
Embassy Libreville
Embassy La Paz
Consulate Leipzig
Consulate Lahore
Consulate Lagos
Mission USOSCE
Mission USNATO
Mission UNESCO
Mission Geneva
Embassy Muscat
Embassy Moscow
Embassy Montevideo
Embassy Monrovia
Embassy Mogadishu
Embassy Minsk
Embassy Mexico
Embassy Mbabane
Embassy Maseru
Embassy Maputo
Embassy Manila
Embassy Manama
Embassy Managua
Embassy Malabo
Embassy Madrid
Consulate Munich
Consulate Mumbai
Consulate Montreal
Consulate Monterrey
Consulate Milan
Consulate Merida
Consulate Melbourne
Consulate Matamoros
Consulate Marseille
Embassy Nouakchott
Embassy Nicosia
Embassy Niamey
Embassy New Delhi
Embassy Ndjamena
Embassy Nassau
Embassy Nairobi
Consulate Nuevo Laredo
Consulate Naples
Consulate Naha
Consulate Nagoya
Embassy Pristina
Embassy Pretoria
Embassy Praia
Embassy Prague
Embassy Port Of Spain
Embassy Port Moresby
Embassy Port Louis
Embassy Port Au Prince
Embassy Podgorica
Embassy Phnom Penh
Embassy Paris
Embassy Paramaribo
Embassy Panama
Consulate Peshawar
REO Hillah
REO Basrah
Embassy Rome
Embassy Riyadh
Embassy Riga
Embassy Reykjavik
Embassy Rangoon
Embassy Rabat
Consulate Rio De Janeiro
Consulate Recife
Secretary of State
Embassy Suva
Embassy Stockholm
Embassy Sofia
Embassy Skopje
Embassy Singapore
Embassy Seoul
Embassy Sarajevo
Embassy Santo Domingo
Embassy Santiago
Embassy Sanaa
Embassy San Salvador
Embassy San Jose
Consulate Surabaya
Consulate Strasbourg
Consulate St Petersburg
Consulate Shenyang
Consulate Shanghai
Consulate Sapporo
Consulate Sao Paulo
Embassy Tunis
Embassy Tripoli
Embassy Tokyo
Embassy Tirana
Embassy The Hague
Embassy Tel Aviv
Embassy Tehran
Embassy Tegucigalpa
Embassy Tbilisi
Embassy Tashkent
Embassy Tallinn
Consulate Toronto
Consulate Tijuana
Consulate Thessaloniki
USUN New York
USMISSION USTR GENEVA
USEU Brussels
US Office Almaty
US Mission Geneva
US Mission CD Geneva
US Interests Section Havana
US Delegation, Secretary
UNVIE
UN Rome
Embassy Ulaanbaatar
Embassy Vilnius
Embassy Vientiane
Embassy Vienna
Embassy Vatican
Embassy Valletta
Consulate Vladivostok
Consulate Vancouver
Browse by tag
AMGT
ASEC
AEMR
AR
APECO
AU
AORC
ADANA
AJ
AF
AFIN
AMED
AS
AM
ABLD
AFFAIRS
AMB
APER
ACOA
AND
AA
AE
AADP
AID
AO
AL
AG
AORD
ADM
AINF
AINT
ASEAN
AORG
ABT
APEC
AY
ASUP
ARF
AGOA
AVIAN
ATRN
ANET
AGIT
ASECVE
ABUD
AODE
ALOW
ADB
AN
ADPM
ASPA
ARABL
AFSN
AZ
AC
AIAG
AFSI
ASCE
ASIG
ACABQ
ADIP
AFGHANISTAN
AROC
ADCO
ACOTA
ANARCHISTS
AMEDCASCKFLO
AK
ARABBL
ASCH
ANTITERRORISM
AGRICULTURE
AOCR
ARR
ASSEMBLY
AORCYM
AFPK
ACKM
AGMT
AEC
APRC
AIN
AFPREL
ASFC
ASECTH
AFSA
AINR
AOPC
AFAF
AFARI
AX
ASECAF
ASECAFIN
AT
AFZAL
APCS
AGAO
AIT
ARCH
AEMRASECCASCKFLOMARRPRELPINRAMGTJMXL
AMEX
ARM
AQ
ATFN
AMBASSADOR
AORCD
AVIATION
ARAS
AINFCY
ACBAQ
AOPR
AREP
AOIC
ASEX
ASEK
AER
AGR
AMCT
AVERY
APR
AEMRS
AFU
AMG
ATPDEA
ASECKFRDCVISKIRFPHUMSMIGEG
AORL
ACS
AMCHAMS
AECL
AUC
ACAO
BA
BR
BB
BG
BEXP
BY
BRUSSELS
BU
BD
BTIO
BK
BL
BE
BMGT
BO
BM
BX
BN
BWC
BBSR
BTT
BC
BH
BILAT
BUSH
BHUM
BT
BTC
BMENA
BOND
BAIO
BP
BF
BRPA
BURNS
BUT
BBG
BCW
BOEHNER
BOL
BASHAR
BIDEN
BFIN
BZ
BEXPC
BTIU
CPAS
CA
CASC
CS
CBW
CIDA
CO
CODEL
CI
CROS
CU
CH
CWC
CMGT
CVIS
CDG
CTR
CG
CF
CHIEF
CJAN
CBSA
CE
CY
CB
CW
CM
CHR
CD
COE
CV
COUNTER
CT
CN
CPUOS
CTERR
CVR
CVPR
CDC
COUNTRY
CLEARANCE
CONS
COM
CACS
CR
CONTROLS
CAN
CACM
COMMERCE
CAMBODIA
CFIS
COUNTERTERRORISM
CITES
CONDOLEEZZA
CZ
CTBT
CEN
CLINTON
CFED
CARC
CTM
CARICOM
CSW
CICTE
CYPRUS
CBE
CMGMT
CARSON
CWCM
CIVS
COUNTRYCLEARANCE
CENTCOM
CAPC
COPUOS
CKGR
CITEL
CQ
CITT
CIC
CARIB
CVIC
CAFTA
CVISU
CDB
CEDAW
CNC
CJUS
COMMAND
CENTER
COL
CAJC
CONSULAR
CLMT
CBC
CIA
CNARC
CIS
CEUDA
CHINA
CAC
CL
DR
DJ
DEMOCRATIC
DEMARCHE
DOMESTIC
DISENGAGEMENT
DB
DA
DHS
DAO
DCM
DAVID
DO
DEAX
DEFENSE
DEA
DTRO
DPRK
DOC
DTRA
DK
DAC
DOD
DRL
DRC
DCG
DE
DOT
DEPT
DOE
DS
DKEM
ECON
ETTC
EFIS
ETRD
EC
EMIN
EAGR
EAID
EFIN
EUN
ECIN
EG
EWWT
EINV
ENRG
ELAB
EPET
EIND
EN
EAIR
EUMEM
ECPS
ES
EI
ELTN
ET
EZ
EU
ER
EINT
ENGR
ECONOMIC
ENIV
EFTA
ETRN
EMS
EUREM
EPA
ESTH
EEB
EET
ENV
EAG
EXIM
ECTRD
ELNT
ENVIRONMENT
ECA
EAP
EINDIR
ETR
ECONOMY
ETRC
ELECTIONS
EICN
EXPORT
EARG
EGHG
EID
ETRO
EINF
EAIDHO
ECIP
EENV
EURM
EPEC
ERNG
ENERG
EIAD
EXBS
ED
EREL
ELAM
EK
EWT
ENGRD
EDEV
ECE
ENGY
EXIMOPIC
ETRDEC
ECCT
EUR
ENRGPARMOTRASENVKGHGPGOVECONTSPLEAID
EFI
ECOSOC
EXTERNAL
ESCAP
ETCC
EENG
ERA
ENRD
ECLAC
ETRAD
EBRD
ENVR
ECONENRG
ELTNSNAR
ELAP
EPIT
EDUC
EAIDXMXAXBXFFR
EETC
EIVN
EDRC
EGOV
ETRA
EAIDRW
ETRDEINVECINPGOVCS
ESA
ETRDGK
ENVI
ELN
EPRT
EPTED
ERTD
EUM
EAIDS
EFINECONEAIDUNGAGM
EDU
EV
EAIDAF
EDA
EPREL
EINVEFIN
EAGER
ETMIN
EUCOM
ECCP
EIDN
EINVKSCA
ENNP
EFINECONCS
ETC
EAIRASECCASCID
EINN
ETRP
ECONOMICS
ENERGY
EIAR
EINDETRD
ECONEFIN
EURN
ETRDEINVTINTCS
EFIM
ETIO
EATO
EIPR
EINVETC
ETTD
ETDR
EIQ
ECONCS
ENRGIZ
EAIG
ENTG
EUC
ERD
EINVECONSENVCSJA
EEPET
EUNCH
ESENV
ECINECONCS
ETRDECONWTOCS
ECUN
FR
FI
FOREIGN
FARM
FIR
FAO
FK
FARC
FAS
FJ
FREEDOM
FAC
FINANCE
FBI
FTAA
FM
FCS
FAA
FORCE
FDA
FTA
FT
FCSC
FMGT
FINR
FIN
FDIC
FOR
FOI
FO
FMLN
FISO
GM
GERARD
GT
GA
GG
GR
GTIP
GH
GZ
GE
GB
GY
GAZA
GJ
GEORGE
GOI
GCC
GMUS
GI
GLOBAL
GV
GC
GL
GOV
GKGIC
GF
GWI
GIPNC
GUTIERREZ
GTMO
GANGS
GAERC
GUILLERMO
GASPAR
HR
HA
HYMPSK
HO
HK
HUMAN
HU
HN
HHS
HURI
HUD
HUMRIT
HUMANITARIAN
HUMANR
HL
HSTC
HILLARY
HCOPIL
HADLEY
HOURANI
HI
HUM
HEBRON
HUMOR
IZ
IN
IAEA
IS
IMO
ILO
IR
IC
IT
ITU
ID
IV
IMF
IBRD
IWC
ICAO
ICRC
INF
IO
IPR
ISO
IK
ISRAELI
IQ
ICES
IDB
INFLUENZA
IRAQI
ISCON
IGAD
IRAN
ITALY
IRAQ
ICTY
ICTR
ITPGOV
ITALIAN
IQNV
IADB
INTERNAL
INMARSAT
IRDB
ILC
INCB
INRB
ICJ
ISRAEL
INR
IEA
ISPA
ICCAT
IOM
ITRD
IHO
IL
IFAD
ITRA
IDLI
ISCA
INL
INRA
INTELSAT
ISAF
ISPL
IRS
IEF
ITER
INDO
IIP
IND
IEFIN
IACI
IAHRC
INNP
IA
INTERPOL
IFIN
ISSUES
IZPREL
IRAJ
IF
ITPHUM
ITA
IP
IRPE
IDA
ISLAMISTS
ITF
INRO
IBET
IDP
IRC
KMDR
KPAO
KOMC
KNNP
KFLO
KDEM
KSUM
KIPR
KFLU
KE
KCRM
KJUS
KAWC
KZ
KSCA
KDRG
KCOR
KGHG
KPAL
KTIP
KMCA
KCRS
KPKO
KOLY
KRVC
KVPR
KG
KWBG
KTER
KS
KN
KSPR
KWMN
KV
KTFN
KFRD
KU
KSTC
KSTH
KISL
KGIC
KSEP
KFIN
KTEX
KTIA
KUNR
KCMR
KCIP
KMOC
KTDB
KBIO
KBCT
KMPI
KSAF
KACT
KFEM
KPRV
KPWR
KIRC
KCFE
KRIM
KHIV
KHLS
KVIR
KNNNP
KCEM
KLIG
KIRF
KNUP
KSAC
KNUC
KPGOV
KTDD
KIDE
KOMS
KLFU
KNNC
KMFO
KSEO
KJRE
KJUST
KMRS
KSRE
KGIT
KPIR
KPOA
KUWAIT
KIVP
KICC
KSCS
KPOL
KSEAO
KRCM
KSCI
KNAP
KGLB
KICA
KCUL
KPRM
KFSC
KQ
KPOP
KPFO
KPALAOIS
KREC
KBWG
KR
KTTB
KNAR
KCOM
KESS
KINR
KOCI
KWN
KCSY
KREL
KTBT
KFTN
KW
KRFD
KFLOA
KHDP
KNEP
KIND
KHUM
KSKN
KOMO
KDRL
KTFIN
KSOC
KPO
KGIV
KSTCPL
KSI
KPRP
KFPC
KNNB
KNDP
KICCPUR
KFRDCVISCMGTCASCKOCIASECPHUMSMIGEG
KDMR
KFCE
KIMMITT
KMCC
KMNP
KSEC
KOMCSG
KGCC
KRAD
KCRP
KAUST
KWAWC
KCHG
KRDP
KPAS
KTIAPARM
KPAOPREL
KWGB
KIRP
KMIG
KLAB
KSEI
KHSA
KNPP
KPAONZ
KWWW
KGHA
KY
KCRIM
KCRCM
KGCN
KPLS
KIIP
KPAOY
KTRD
KTAO
KJU
KBTS
KWAC
KFIU
KNNO
KPAI
KILS
KPA
KRCS
KWBGSY
KNPPIS
KNNPMNUC
KNPT
KERG
KLTN
KPREL
KTLA
KO
KAWK
KVRP
KAID
KX
KENV
KWCI
KNPR
KCFC
KNEI
KFTFN
KTFM
KCERS
KDEMAF
KMEPI
KEMS
KBTR
KEDU
KIRL
KNNR
KMPT
KPDD
KPIN
KDEV
KFRP
KTBD
KMSG
KWWMN
KWBC
KA
KOM
KWNM
KFRDKIRFCVISCMGTKOCIASECPHUMSMIGEG
KRGY
KNNF
KICR
KIFR
KWMNCS
KPAK
KDDG
KCGC
KID
KNSD
KMPF
KWMM
MARR
MX
MASS
MOPS
MNUC
MCAP
MTCRE
MRCRE
MTRE
MASC
MY
MK
MG
MU
MILI
MO
MZ
MEPP
MCC
MEDIA
MOPPS
MI
MAS
MW
MP
MEPN
MV
MD
MR
MC
MCA
MT
MIL
MARITIME
MOPSGRPARM
MAAR
MOOPS
ML
MA
MN
MNUCPTEREZ
MTCR
MUNC
MPOS
MONUC
MGMT
MURRAY
MACP
MINUSTAH
MCCONNELL
MGT
MNUR
MF
MEPI
MOHAMMAD
MAR
MAPP
MNU
MFA
MTS
MLS
MEETINGS
MERCOSUR
MED
MNVC
MIK
MBM
MILITARY
MAPS
MARAD
MDC
MACEDONIA
MASSMNUC
MUCN
MQADHAFI
MPS
NZ
NATO
NI
NO
NU
NG
NL
NPT
NS
NA
NP
NASA
NSF
NEA
NANCY
NSG
NRR
NATIONAL
NMNUC
NC
NSC
NAS
NARC
NELSON
NATEU
NDP
NIH
NK
NIPP
NR
NERG
NSSP
NE
NTDB
NT
NEGROPONTE
NGO
NATOIRAQ
NAR
NZUS
NCCC
NH
NAFTA
NEW
NRG
NUIN
NOVO
NATOPREL
NV
NICHOLAS
NPA
NSFO
NW
NORAD
NPG
NOAA
OPRC
OPDC
OTRA
OECD
OVIP
OREP
ODC
OIIP
OAS
OSCE
OPIC
OMS
OFDP
OFDA
OEXC
OPCW
OIE
OSCI
OM
OPAD
ODPC
OIC
ODIP
OPPI
ORA
OCEA
OREG
OMIG
OFFICIALS
OSAC
OEXP
OPEC
OFPD
OAU
OCII
OIL
OVIPPRELUNGANU
OSHA
OPCD
OPCR
OF
OFDPQIS
OSIC
OHUM
OTR
OBSP
OGAC
OESC
OVP
ON
OES
OTAR
OCS
PREL
PGOV
PARM
PINR
PHUM
PM
PREF
PTER
PK
PINS
PBIO
PHSA
PE
PBTS
PA
PL
POL
PAK
POV
POLITICS
POLICY
PO
PRELTBIOBA
PKO
PIN
PNAT
PU
PGOVPREL
PALESTINIAN
PTERPGOV
PELOSI
PAS
PP
PTEL
PROP
PRELAF
PRHUM
PRE
PUNE
PIRF
PVOV
PROG
PERSONS
PROV
PKK
PRGOV
PH
PLAB
PDEM
PCI
PRL
PRM
PINSO
PERM
PETR
PPAO
PERL
PBS
PETERS
PRELBR
PCON
POLITICAL
PMIL
POLM
PKPA
PNUM
PLO
PTERM
PJUS
PARMP
PNIR
PHUMKPAL
PG
PREZ
PGIC
PAO
PROTECTION
PRELPK
PGOVENRG
PATTY
PSOC
PARTIES
PGOVEAIDUKNOSWGMHUCANLLHFRSPITNZ
PMIG
PAIGH
PARK
PETER
PHUS
PKPO
PGOVECON
POUS
PMAR
PWBG
PAR
PGOVGM
PHUH
PTE
PY
POLUN
PDOV
PGOVSOCI
PGOVPM
PRELEVU
PGOR
PBTSRU
PHUMA
PHUMR
PPD
PGV
PRAM
PARMS
PINL
PSI
PKPAL
PPA
PTERE
PGOF
PINO
PREO
PHAS
PAC
PRESL
PORG
PS
PGVO
PKFK
PSOE
PEPR
PINT
PRELP
PREFA
PNG
PTBS
PFOR
PGOVLO
PHUMBA
PREK
PHJM
POLINT
PGOVE
PHALANAGE
PARTY
PECON
PEACE
PROCESS
PLN
PEDRO
PF
PGPV
PCUL
PGGV
PSA
PGOVSMIGKCRMKWMNPHUMCVISKFRDCA
PGIV
PHUMPREL
POGOV
PEL
PBT
PAMQ
PINF
PSEPC
POSTS
PAHO
PHUMPGOV
PGOC
PNR
RS
RP
RU
RW
RFE
RCMP
RIGHTSPOLMIL
REFORM
RO
ROW
ROBERT
REACTION
REPORT
REGION
RELATIONS
RAY
ROBERTG
RIGHTS
RM
RATIFICATION
RREL
RBI
RICE
ROOD
REL
RODHAM
RGY
RUEHZO
RELIGIOUS
RELFREE
RUEUN
RELAM
RSP
RF
REO
REGIONAL
RUPREL
RI
REMON
RPEL
RSO
SCUL
SENV
SOCI
SZ
SNAR
SO
SP
SU
SY
SI
SMIG
SYR
SA
SW
SF
SR
SYRIA
SNARM
START
SPECIALIST
SG
SNIG
SCI
SGWI
SE
SIPDIS
SANC
SELAB
SN
SETTLEMENTS
SCIENCE
SENVENV
SENS
SPCE
SPAS
SECURITY
SENC
SOCIETY
SOSI
SENVEAGREAIDTBIOECONSOCIXR
SEN
SPECI
ST
SL
SENVCASCEAIDID
SC
SECRETARY
STR
SNA
SOCIS
SADC
SEP
SK
SHUM
SYAI
SMIL
STEPHEN
SNRV
SKCA
SENSITIVE
SECI
SCUD
SCRM
SGNV
SECTOR
SAARC
SENVSXE
SWMN
STEINBERG
SOPN
SOCR
SCRS
SWE
SARS
SNARIZ
SUDAN
SENVQGR
SAN
SM
SFNV
SSA
SPCVIS
SOFA
SCULKPAOECONTU
SENVKGHG
SHI
SEVN
SH
SNARCS
SNARN
SIPRS
TBIO
TW
TRGY
TSPA
TU
TPHY
TI
TX
TH
TIP
TSPL
TNGD
TZ
TS
TC
TK
TURKEY
TERRORISM
TPSL
TINT
TRSY
TERFIN
TPP
TT
TECHNOLOGY
TE
TAGS
TRAFFICKING
TJ
TN
TO
TD
TP
TREATY
TR
TA
TIO
TECH
TF
TRAD
TNDG
TWI
TPSA
TWL
TAUSCHER
TRBY
TL
TV
THPY
TSPAM
TREL
TRT
TNAR
TFIN
TWCH
THOMMA
THOMAS
TERROR
TRY
TBID
UK
UNESCO
UNSC
UNGA
UN
US
UZ
USEU
UG
UP
UNAUS
UNMIK
USTR
UY
USUN
UNEP
UNDC
UV
UNPUOS
UNSCR
USAID
UNODC
UNRCR
UNHCR
UNDP
UNCRIME
UA
UNHRC
UNRWA
UNO
UNCND
UNCHR
USAU
UNICEF
USPS
UNOMIG
UNESCOSCULPRELPHUMKPALCUIRXFVEKV
UR
UNFICYP
UNCITRAL
UNAMA
UNVIE
USTDA
USNC
UNCSD
USCC
UNEF
UNGAPL
USSC
UNMIC
UNTAC
UNCLASSIFIED
USDA
UNCTAD
USGS
UNFPA
UNSE
USOAS
UE
UAE
UNCHS
UNDESCO
UNC
UNSCS
UKXG
UNGACG
UNHR
UNBRO
UNCHC
UNFCYP
UNIDROIT
WHTI
WIPO
WTRO
WHO
WTO
WMO
WFP
WEET
WS
WE
WA
WHA
WBG
WILLIAM
WI
WSIS
WCL
WEBZ
WZ
WW
WWBG
WMD
WWT
WMN
WWARD
WITH
WTRQ
WCO
WEU
WB
WBEG
Browse by classification
Community resources
courage is contagious
Viewing cable 05PRETORIA1892, SOUTH AFRICA PUBLIC HEALTH MAY 13 ISSUE
If you are new to these pages, please read an introduction on the structure of a cable as well as how to discuss them with others. See also the FAQs
Understanding cables
Every cable message consists of three parts:
- The top box shows each cables unique reference number, when and by whom it originally was sent, and what its initial classification was.
- The middle box contains the header information that is associated with the cable. It includes information about the receiver(s) as well as a general subject.
- The bottom box presents the body of the cable. The opening can contain a more specific subject, references to other cables (browse by origin to find them) or additional comment. This is followed by the main contents of the cable: a summary, a collection of specific topics and a comment section.
Discussing cables
If you find meaningful or important information in a cable, please link directly to its unique reference number. Linking to a specific paragraph in the body of a cable is also possible by copying the appropriate link (to be found at theparagraph symbol). Please mark messages for social networking services like Twitter with the hash tags #cablegate and a hash containing the reference ID e.g. #05PRETORIA1892.
Reference ID | Created | Released | Classification | Origin |
---|---|---|---|---|
05PRETORIA1892 | 2005-05-13 14:44 | 2011-08-24 01:00 | UNCLASSIFIED | Embassy Pretoria |
This record is a partial extract of the original cable. The full text of the original cable is not available.
UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 04 PRETORIA 001892
SIPDIS
DEPT FOR AF/S; AF/EPS; AF/EPS/SDRIANO
DEPT FOR S/OFFICE OF GLOBAL AIDS COORDINATOR
STATE PLEASE PASS TO USAID FOR GLOBAL BUREAU KHILL
USAID ALSO FOR GH/OHA/CCARRINO AND RROGERS, AFR/SD/DOTT
ALSO FOR AA/EGAT SIMMONS, AA/DCHA WINTER
HHS FOR THE OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY,WSTEIGER AND NIH,HFRANCIS
CDC FOR SBLOUNT AND EMCCRAY
E.O. 12958: N/A
TAGS: ECON KHIV SOCI TBIO EAID SF
SUBJECT: SOUTH AFRICA PUBLIC HEALTH MAY 13 ISSUE
Summary
-------
¶1. Summary. Every two weeks, USEmbassy Pretoria publishes a
public health newsletter highlighting South African health
issues based on press reports and studies of South African
researchers. Comments and analysis do not necessarily reflect
the opinion of the U.S. Government. Topics of this week's
newsletter cover: Rural Communities to Shape Own HIV/AIDS
Programs; Asthma Rates Rise Among SA's Teens; Government Needs
to Treat HIV-Positive People Sooner; Treatment of Children a
Lower Priority ARV Treatment; Breastfeeding Reduces HIV
Transmission; Health Department Proposes Reforms to Funding
Public Health; South African Women More Likely to Know HIV
Status; and Global Fund Grants 3 Months Behind Schedule. End
Summary.
Rural Communities to Shape Own HIV/AIDS Programs
--------------------------------------------- ---
¶2. A new project by South African NGO, the Center for HIV/AIDS
Networking (HIVAN), will enable rural communities across the
country to develop their own programs to deal with the impact
of HIV/AIDS. Since July 2003, the HIVAN team has been
investigating how people in rural areas respond to HIV/AIDS
despite inadequate resources, including a lack of basic
infrastructure and access to health facilities, while suffering
from high rates of unemployment and illiteracy. The survey
found that the involvement of local stakeholders was crucial in
implementing prevention campaigns. After preliminary research,
HIVAN recently launched its pilot project, which will run over
a three-year period in a deeply rural, poverty-stricken and
isolated area in the Mtunzini district of northern KwaZulu-
Natal. Based on the information obtained from the pilot, a
model of best practices will be created and implemented in
other rural areas throughout the country. HIVAN's program is
based on extensive consultation with communal stakeholders,
giving it support in the community. The nearest health care
facility to the project is the Empangeni Hospital, and few
residents can afford the transport to get there.
As a result, they have to rely on the services of a mobile
clinic that visits the area once a month. But when it rains,
the potholed and sandy roads become inaccessible, and the sick
have to wait even longer for assistance. HIV testing is not
offered by the mobile clinic either, so information on HIV
prevalence figures in the community is sketchy, but an HIVAN
survey conducted among 100 residents in the project locale,
estimated that 35 percent of pregnant women and 16 percent of
adults were HIV-positive. Families and caregivers nursing
terminally ill AIDS patients were isolated and received very
little community support. When HIVAN first started interacting
with the community, it found that the only mobilized groups
dealing with HIV/AIDS were the under-resourced community health
and home-based workers, with none receiving HIV/AIDS-related
training. Subsequently, a committee consisting of faith-based
organizations, traditional healers, community health workers,
tribal authorities and local health officials was established.
The communal committee will meet on a regular basis and, with
the help of HIVAN, develop an HIV/AIDS program that corresponds
to the specific needs of the area. The NGO will also
facilitate HIV/AIDS information sessions, and promote critical
thinking about social roots and stigma. Since the beginning of
this year, HIVAN has provided 75 community health workers with
HIV/AIDS-related education and 10 HIV/AIDS focus groups have
been established in the area. Over the next three years HIVAN
will continue training community health workers and launch two
AIDS peer-education programs - one targeting the youth, the
other geared to the men in the village. Source: All-
africa.com May 4.
Asthma Rates Rise Among SA's Teens
----------------------------------
¶3. Researchers at the Red Cross Children's Hospital have
warned that asthma rates are rising among South African
teenagers, and may dramatically increase among Xhosa-speakers
as their families adopt western lifestyles. The findings from
two separate studies also highlight concerns about misdiagnosis
and inappropriate treatment of asthma. Symptoms of asthma,
allergic rhinitis and eczema had increased markedly in Cape
teenagers over the past seven years. They repeated a survey
conducted for the 1995 International Study of Asthma and
Allergies in Childhood among more than 6000 13-to-14-year-olds
from 53 Cape Town schools in 2002, and found the proportion of
children reporting severe wheezing had risen from 5.2 percent
to 7.6 percent. Exercise-induced wheezing was reported by 32
percent of the teenagers compared with 21.5 percent in the
earlier study. Scientists suspect that the worldwide rise in
allergies is linked to the way people live, suggesting that
bacteria-free homes and sterilized food make people more
susceptible to hay fever, asthma and eczema. A series of
studies has found that children are less likely to get
allergies if they are raised on farms, live in rural areas, or
are exposed to plenty of infections when they are young.
Western diets and a lack of exercise are also linked to the
rise in allergies. The 2002 study also found a drop in the
proportion of children who had had their asthma diagnosed by a
doctor. SA has the fifth-highest asthma fatality rate in the
world, although it ranks only 25th for asthma prevalence,
according to the Global Initiative for Asthma. A separate
study found African teenagers appeared to be more genetically
disposed to allergies than whites, suggesting the incidence of
asthma and other allergies would rise "exponentially" among
Xhosa speakers as they adopted western lifestyles. Source:
Business Day, May 3.
Government Needs to Treat HIV-Positive People Sooner
--------------------------------------------- -------
¶4. Treating HIV positive people when their CD4 counts are
above 200 is not only lifesaving, but also more cost effective,
according to research conducted by Robin Wood of the University
of Cape Town's Desmond Tutu HIV Research Center. At present,
people with a CD4 count (measure of immunity in the blood) of
200 or less are eligible for ARV drugs at government clinics.
Placing patients on ARV treatment when their CD4 cell counts
are between 200 and 350 not only improved mortality, but was
also cost effective. According to calculations by Wood, life
expectancy for an HIV positive person in the absence of
antiretrovirals is around 6.3 years. This goes up to an
average of 17 years if a person with a CD4 count of less than
200 starts ARV treatment. Starting ARV treatment with the
patient having a CD4 count of between 200 and 350 increases
life expectancy by a further six years, extending life
expectancy to 23 years. Nine clinics forming part of the HIV
Center's anti-retroviral program in Cape Town recorded a death
rate of only 7.8 percent after 12 months of therapy. The death
rate was measured within the first 12 months of placing the
patients on anti-retroviral therapy. However, when Wood
measured the death rates from the time of referral (from the
clinic to the ARV site) the picture changed dramatically. It
was found that 28 percent of patients died from the time of
referral until the time they are placed on treatment. Many
patients had died of wasting syndrome, a condition for which
there is no specific treatment, while others died of
tuberculosis, Kaposi's sarcoma and cryptococcosis. The
critical need is to find and treat patients early, and Wood
said the tuberculosis program was a good place to start as 60
percent of patients entering the ARV program had had TB in the
past. Source: Health e-News, April 28.
Treatment of Children a Lower Priority ARV Treatment
--------------------------------------------- -------
¶5. According to Dr Haroon Saloojee of Wits University's
Community Pediatrics Division speaking at the first "Priorities
in AIDS Care and Treatment (PACT)" conference, at best 3,000
children are on antiretroviral (ARV) drugs countrywide, whereas
between 30,000 and 45,000 of the country's 230,000 HIV-positive
children needed the drugs. Statistics showed child mortality
had steadily increased since 1996, with AIDS-related diseases
accounting for 40 percent of deaths of children under the age
of five. A further 10 percent died of diarrhea while around 11
percent of deaths were due to low birth weight, both of which
could be HIV-related. Gauteng placed 1,319 children on ARVs,
12 percent of those accessing the drugs in the province. In
Mpumalanga only 31 children, 1 percent of those on ARVs, were
on the drugs and in KwaZulu-Natal, at best, 500 of its 9,000
patients were children. Dr Saloojee identified the following
obstacles facing widespread treatment of HIV-positive children:
(1) staffing shortage with up to one third of posts in the
public health sector vacant; (2) pediatric guidelines on
treatment have to be finalized; (3) too few sites accredited
for pediatric anti-retroviral treatment: (4) reluctance by the
clinics and hospitals to start treating children unless there
is a pediatrician on the staff; (4) Parents being treated at
different sites from their children; (5) failure and reluctance
to test children; (6) A lack of pediatric drug formulas and
their high prices; (7) complex dosages, foul tasting syrup,
refrigeration requirements and quick expiry dates; (8) reliance
on herbal medicine; and (9) sharing medicine with family.
Saloojee called for the fast tracking of accredited sites, the
urgent distribution of treatment guidelines, the incorporation
of testing into primary healthcare services and the overall
strengthening of the prevention of mother to children
transmission program (where many children would be identified
in the first place). Source: Health e-News, April 28.
Breastfeeding Reduces HIV-Transmission
--------------------------------------
¶6. Exclusive breastfeeding substantially reduces the
transmission of HIV from mother to baby as well as infant
death, compared with partial breastfeeding, a study in Zimbabwe
has confirmed. Breastfeeding causes nearly 40 percent of all
pediatric HIV infections, yet also prevents millions of child
deaths every year by protecting infants from diarrhea and other
infections. A study conducted by the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg
School of Public Health, the University of Zimbabwe and Harare
City Health Department found that exclusive breastfeeding
substantially reduces the transmission of HIV from mother to
infant as well as infant mortality, compared with partial
breastfeeding. Infants who were introduced to solid foods or
animal milk within the first three months were at four times
greater risk of contracting HIV through breastfeeding compared
to those who were exclusively breastfed. International
guidelines currently recommend that HIV-infected mothers should
avoid all breastfeeding, but only if replacement feeding is
acceptable, feasible, affordable, sustainable and safe. For
the large majority of African women, this isn't the case and
breastfeeding is the only choice. The study was conducted
among 14,000 pairs of mothers and newborns who were part of the
ZVITAMBO project, which examined the effects of vitamin A
supplementation in Zimbabwe. From this group, the researchers
followed 2,060 infants from birth to age 2 who were born to HIV-
positive mothers. Information about infant feeding was
collected at ages six weeks, three months and six months. All
infants were breast fed, but were categorized as exclusive
(breast milk only), predominant (breast milk and non-milk
liquids) or mixed (breast milk and animal milk or solids)
breastfeeding. In their analysis, the researchers found that
mixed breast feeding quadrupled mother-to-infant HIV
transmission and was associated with a three times greater risk
of transmission and death by age 6 months when compared to
exclusive breast feeding. Predominant breastfeeding was
associated with a 2.6-fold increase in HIV transmission as
compared to exclusive breastfeeding. The study is published in
the latest issue of the AIDS journal. Source: Health e-news,
April 28.
Health Department Proposes Reforms to Funding Public Health
--------------------------------------------- --------------
¶7. Trying to address the inequities in health care spending,
the Council for Medical Aid Schemes (CMS) has proposed to
introduce a social health insurance system by 2010 where all in
formal employment would have to buy medical insurance, which
would double the number with insurance to about 14 million and
reduce those relying on public health care facilities from 85
percent to 65 percent. The proposed health reforms have four
phases. Phase 1 (2003-2007) would limit private sector health
care cost increases and improve the quality of public
hospitals. Phase 2 (2004-2008) would introduce a risk
equalization fund and risk adjustment subsidy to medical
insurance companies as well as sponsoring a state-sponsored
medical insurance program requiring civil service
participation. Phase 3 (2005-2008) would require medical
insurance for middle-to-high income workers and would encourage
voluntary insurance for low-income workers. Phase 4 (2008-
2009) would require workers to contribute through a 5 percent
payroll tax to a National Health Insurance fund, with higher
income earners able to contribute more in order to receive more
comprehensive health care coverage. By 2010, the poor would
receive free basic public health care coverage. CMS, reporting
to the Department of Health, acknowledged resistance from trade
unions and other governmental departments (mainly Treasury),
and suggested that membership of the state medical insurance
program might be mandatory for new employees only. The
Department of Treasury favors a limit on the amount of medical
aid contributions that are tax deductible rather than imposing
a new 5 percent payroll tax and wants the Department of Health
to improve its financial management and collection services
before imposing additional taxes. Public hospitals currently
charge an income-based fee, now generating less than R300
million ($50 million, using 6 rands per dollar) from R500
million in 1996. In March, the Health Department announced fee
increases in public hospitals. For example, patients earning
less than R3,000 per month ($500) will have to pay R55 for a
consultation, compared to R20 previously. The Department of
Health also mandated prescribed minimum benefits (PMBs), a list
of diseases and conditions for which all medical insurance
policies must insure, and increased the cost of entry for
poorer people to private health care. A medical insurance
package just covering the PMBs costs approximately R200 per
month. Agreement with labor unions and other governmental
agencies will be required if the proposed plan becomes
operational. Source: Financial Mail, May 6; Mail and
Guardian, May 2-6.
South African Women More Likely to Know HIV Status
--------------------------------------------- -----
¶8. A survey, HIV and sexual behavior among young South
Africans, found that 10 percent of 15-24-year-olds have HIV but
the prevalence rate for women was more than three times that of
men. The research, by the University of Witwatersrand's
Reproductive Health Research Unit, loveLife and the Medical
Research Council, found that 77 percent of patients who tested
positive were women. Seventy percent of people getting tested
at government voluntary counseling and testing centers are
women. The survey reported significant gender differences,
finding that 25 percent of females surveyed said that they had
been tested while only 15 percent of males did. A recent
Nelson Mandela study of HIV/AIDS showed that 13 percent more
South African women than men know their status. Source: Cape
Times, May 10.
Average Global Fund Grants 3 Months Behind Schedule
--------------------------------------------- ------
¶9. Global Fund grants are, on average, three months behind
schedule, according to an analysis conducted by Aidspan, a non-
governmental organization (NGO) that monitors Global Fund
activities. The study compares each Global fund grant's
planned disbursement schedule with the actual disbursement
schedule and determines whether the grant is on time or ahead
of schedule, up to 3 months behind schedule, between 3-6 months
behind schedule, over 6 months behind, or too new for rating.
Of the 311 grants, 45 (14 percent of the total) have an Aidspan
rating of "A: On or ahead of schedule"; 140 grants (45 percent)
are rated "B: Up to 3 months behind schedule"; 61 grants (20
percent) are rated "C: 3 to 6 months behind schedule"; 60
grants (19 percent) are rated "D: Over 6 months behind
schedule"; and 5 grants (2 percent) are rated "N: Too new for
rating". Grants to Eastern Europe and Central Asia currently
have the highest average rating; they are on average 1.2 months
behind schedule. Grants to North Africa and the Middle East
come next, being on average 2.0 months behind schedule. Grants
to each of the four remaining regions of the world are on
average between 3 and 4 months behind schedule. There is no
statistically significant difference in performance between
grants for HIV/AIDS, malaria, or TB. Global Fund grants to
PEPFAR (Presidential Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief) countries
are on average 3.3 months behind schedule, and grants to non-
PEPFAR countries are on average 3.0 months behind schedule, not
a statistically significant difference. For Sub-Saharan
Africa, the average grant delay was 3.4 months while South
Africa's average reached 7.88 months. Source: Global Fund
Observer Newsletter, issue 44, May 5.
FRAZER