

Currently released so far... 51122 / 251,287
Articles
Brazil
Sri Lanka
United Kingdom
Sweden
00. Editorial
United States
Latin America
Egypt
Jordan
Yemen
Thailand
Browse latest releases
2010/12/01
2010/12/02
2010/12/03
2010/12/04
2010/12/05
2010/12/06
2010/12/07
2010/12/08
2010/12/09
2010/12/10
2010/12/11
2010/12/12
2010/12/13
2010/12/14
2010/12/15
2010/12/16
2010/12/17
2010/12/18
2010/12/19
2010/12/20
2010/12/21
2010/12/22
2010/12/23
2010/12/24
2010/12/25
2010/12/26
2010/12/27
2010/12/28
2010/12/29
2010/12/30
2011/01/01
2011/01/02
2011/01/04
2011/01/05
2011/01/07
2011/01/09
2011/01/11
2011/01/12
2011/01/13
2011/01/14
2011/01/15
2011/01/16
2011/01/17
2011/01/18
2011/01/19
2011/01/20
2011/01/21
2011/01/22
2011/01/23
2011/01/24
2011/01/25
2011/01/26
2011/01/27
2011/01/28
2011/01/29
2011/01/30
2011/01/31
2011/02/01
2011/02/02
2011/02/03
2011/02/04
2011/02/05
2011/02/06
2011/02/07
2011/02/08
2011/02/09
2011/02/10
2011/02/11
2011/02/12
2011/02/13
2011/02/14
2011/02/15
2011/02/16
2011/02/17
2011/02/18
2011/02/19
2011/02/20
2011/02/21
2011/02/22
2011/02/23
2011/02/24
2011/02/25
2011/02/26
2011/02/27
2011/02/28
2011/03/01
2011/03/02
2011/03/03
2011/03/04
2011/03/05
2011/03/06
2011/03/07
2011/03/08
2011/03/09
2011/03/10
2011/03/11
2011/03/13
2011/03/14
2011/03/15
2011/03/16
2011/03/17
2011/03/18
2011/03/19
2011/03/20
2011/03/21
2011/03/22
2011/03/23
2011/03/24
2011/03/25
2011/03/26
2011/03/27
2011/03/28
2011/03/29
2011/03/30
2011/03/31
2011/04/01
2011/04/02
2011/04/03
2011/04/04
2011/04/05
2011/04/06
2011/04/07
2011/04/08
2011/04/09
2011/04/10
2011/04/11
2011/04/12
2011/04/13
2011/04/14
2011/04/15
2011/04/16
2011/04/17
2011/04/18
2011/04/19
2011/04/20
2011/04/21
2011/04/22
2011/04/23
2011/04/24
2011/04/25
2011/04/26
2011/04/27
2011/04/28
2011/04/29
2011/04/30
2011/05/01
2011/05/02
2011/05/03
2011/05/04
2011/05/05
2011/05/06
2011/05/07
2011/05/08
2011/05/09
2011/05/10
2011/05/11
2011/05/12
2011/05/13
2011/05/14
2011/05/15
2011/05/16
2011/05/17
2011/05/18
2011/05/19
2011/05/20
2011/05/21
2011/05/22
2011/05/23
2011/05/24
2011/05/25
2011/05/26
2011/05/27
2011/05/28
2011/05/29
2011/05/30
2011/05/31
2011/06/01
2011/06/02
2011/06/03
2011/06/04
2011/06/05
2011/06/06
2011/06/07
2011/06/08
2011/06/09
2011/06/10
2011/06/11
2011/06/12
2011/06/13
2011/06/14
2011/06/15
2011/06/16
2011/06/17
2011/06/18
2011/06/19
2011/06/20
2011/06/21
2011/06/22
2011/06/23
2011/06/24
2011/06/25
2011/06/26
2011/06/27
2011/06/28
2011/06/29
2011/06/30
2011/07/01
2011/07/02
2011/07/04
2011/07/05
2011/07/06
2011/07/07
2011/07/08
2011/07/10
2011/07/11
2011/07/12
2011/07/13
2011/07/14
2011/07/15
2011/07/16
2011/07/17
2011/07/18
2011/07/19
2011/07/20
2011/07/21
2011/07/22
2011/07/23
2011/07/25
2011/07/27
2011/07/28
2011/07/29
2011/07/31
2011/08/01
2011/08/02
2011/08/03
2011/08/05
2011/08/06
2011/08/07
2011/08/08
2011/08/09
2011/08/10
2011/08/11
2011/08/12
2011/08/13
2011/08/15
2011/08/16
2011/08/17
2011/08/18
2011/08/19
2011/08/21
2011/08/22
2011/08/23
2011/08/24
Browse by creation date
Browse by origin
Embassy Athens
Embassy Asuncion
Embassy Astana
Embassy Asmara
Embassy Ashgabat
Embassy Apia
Embassy Antananarivo
Embassy Ankara
Embassy Amman
Embassy Algiers
Embassy Addis Ababa
Embassy Accra
Embassy Abuja
Embassy Abu Dhabi
Embassy Abidjan
Consulate Auckland
Consulate Amsterdam
Consulate Alexandria
Consulate Adana
American Institute Taiwan, Taipei
Embasy Bonn
Embassy Bujumbura
Embassy Buenos Aires
Embassy Budapest
Embassy Bucharest
Embassy Brussels
Embassy Bridgetown
Embassy Brazzaville
Embassy Bratislava
Embassy Brasilia
Embassy Bogota
Embassy Bishkek
Embassy Bern
Embassy Berlin
Embassy Belmopan
Embassy Belgrade
Embassy Beirut
Embassy Beijing
Embassy Banjul
Embassy Bangui
Embassy Bangkok
Embassy Bandar Seri Begawan
Embassy Bamako
Embassy Baku
Embassy Baghdad
Consulate Belfast
Consulate Barcelona
Embassy Cotonou
Embassy Copenhagen
Embassy Conakry
Embassy Colombo
Embassy Chisinau
Embassy Caracas
Embassy Canberra
Embassy Cairo
Consulate Curacao
Consulate Ciudad Juarez
Consulate Chiang Mai
Consulate Chennai
Consulate Chengdu
Consulate Casablanca
Consulate Cape Town
Consulate Calgary
Embassy Dushanbe
Embassy Dublin
Embassy Doha
Embassy Djibouti
Embassy Dili
Embassy Dhaka
Embassy Dar Es Salaam
Embassy Damascus
Embassy Dakar
DIR FSINFATC
Consulate Dusseldorf
Consulate Durban
Consulate Dubai
Consulate Dhahran
Embassy Guatemala
Embassy Grenada
Embassy Georgetown
Embassy Gaborone
Consulate Guayaquil
Consulate Guangzhou
Consulate Guadalajara
Embassy Helsinki
Embassy Harare
Embassy Hanoi
Consulate Hong Kong
Consulate Ho Chi Minh City
Consulate Hermosillo
Consulate Hamilton
Consulate Hamburg
Consulate Halifax
Embassy Kyiv
Embassy Kuwait
Embassy Kuala Lumpur
Embassy Kolonia
Embassy Kinshasa
Embassy Kingston
Embassy Kigali
Embassy Khartoum
Embassy Kathmandu
Embassy Kampala
Embassy Kabul
Consulate Krakow
Consulate Kolkata
Consulate Karachi
Embassy Luxembourg
Embassy Lusaka
Embassy Luanda
Embassy London
Embassy Lome
Embassy Ljubljana
Embassy Lisbon
Embassy Lima
Embassy Lilongwe
Embassy Libreville
Embassy La Paz
Consulate Leipzig
Consulate Lahore
Consulate Lagos
Mission USOSCE
Mission USNATO
Mission UNESCO
Mission Geneva
Embassy Muscat
Embassy Moscow
Embassy Montevideo
Embassy Monrovia
Embassy Mogadishu
Embassy Minsk
Embassy Mexico
Embassy Mbabane
Embassy Maseru
Embassy Maputo
Embassy Manila
Embassy Manama
Embassy Managua
Embassy Malabo
Embassy Madrid
Consulate Munich
Consulate Mumbai
Consulate Montreal
Consulate Monterrey
Consulate Milan
Consulate Merida
Consulate Melbourne
Consulate Matamoros
Consulate Marseille
Embassy Nouakchott
Embassy Nicosia
Embassy Niamey
Embassy New Delhi
Embassy Ndjamena
Embassy Nassau
Embassy Nairobi
Consulate Nuevo Laredo
Consulate Naples
Consulate Naha
Consulate Nagoya
Embassy Pristina
Embassy Pretoria
Embassy Praia
Embassy Prague
Embassy Port Of Spain
Embassy Port Moresby
Embassy Port Louis
Embassy Port Au Prince
Embassy Podgorica
Embassy Phnom Penh
Embassy Paris
Embassy Paramaribo
Embassy Panama
Consulate Peshawar
REO Hillah
REO Basrah
Embassy Rome
Embassy Riyadh
Embassy Riga
Embassy Reykjavik
Embassy Rangoon
Embassy Rabat
Consulate Rio De Janeiro
Consulate Recife
Secretary of State
Embassy Suva
Embassy Stockholm
Embassy Sofia
Embassy Skopje
Embassy Singapore
Embassy Seoul
Embassy Sarajevo
Embassy Santo Domingo
Embassy Santiago
Embassy Sanaa
Embassy San Salvador
Embassy San Jose
Consulate Surabaya
Consulate Strasbourg
Consulate St Petersburg
Consulate Shenyang
Consulate Shanghai
Consulate Sapporo
Consulate Sao Paulo
Embassy Tunis
Embassy Tripoli
Embassy Tokyo
Embassy Tirana
Embassy The Hague
Embassy Tel Aviv
Embassy Tehran
Embassy Tegucigalpa
Embassy Tbilisi
Embassy Tashkent
Embassy Tallinn
Consulate Toronto
Consulate Tijuana
Consulate Thessaloniki
USUN New York
USMISSION USTR GENEVA
USEU Brussels
US Office Almaty
US Mission Geneva
US Mission CD Geneva
US Interests Section Havana
US Delegation, Secretary
UNVIE
UN Rome
Embassy Ulaanbaatar
Embassy Vilnius
Embassy Vientiane
Embassy Vienna
Embassy Vatican
Embassy Valletta
Consulate Vladivostok
Consulate Vancouver
Browse by tag
AMGT
ASEC
AEMR
AR
APECO
AU
AORC
ADANA
AJ
AF
AFIN
AMED
AS
AM
ABLD
AFFAIRS
AMB
APER
ACOA
AND
AA
AE
AADP
AID
AO
AL
AG
AORD
ADM
AINF
AINT
ASEAN
AORG
ABT
APEC
AY
ASUP
ARF
AGOA
AVIAN
ATRN
ANET
AGIT
ASECVE
ABUD
AODE
ALOW
ADB
AN
ADPM
ASPA
ARABL
AFSN
AZ
AC
AIAG
AFSI
ASCE
ASIG
ACABQ
ADIP
AFGHANISTAN
AROC
ADCO
ACOTA
ANARCHISTS
AMEDCASCKFLO
AK
ARABBL
ASCH
ANTITERRORISM
AGRICULTURE
AOCR
ARR
ASSEMBLY
AORCYM
AFPK
ACKM
AGMT
AEC
APRC
AIN
AFPREL
ASFC
ASECTH
AFSA
AINR
AOPC
AFAF
AFARI
AX
ASECAF
ASECAFIN
AT
AFZAL
APCS
AGAO
AIT
ARCH
AEMRASECCASCKFLOMARRPRELPINRAMGTJMXL
AMEX
ARM
AQ
ATFN
AMBASSADOR
AORCD
AVIATION
ARAS
AINFCY
ACBAQ
AOPR
AREP
AOIC
ASEX
ASEK
AER
AGR
AMCT
AVERY
APR
AEMRS
AFU
AMG
ATPDEA
ASECKFRDCVISKIRFPHUMSMIGEG
AORL
ACS
AMCHAMS
AECL
AUC
ACAO
BA
BR
BB
BG
BEXP
BY
BRUSSELS
BU
BD
BTIO
BK
BL
BE
BMGT
BO
BM
BX
BN
BWC
BBSR
BTT
BC
BH
BILAT
BUSH
BHUM
BT
BTC
BMENA
BOND
BAIO
BP
BF
BRPA
BURNS
BUT
BBG
BCW
BOEHNER
BOL
BASHAR
BIDEN
BFIN
BZ
BEXPC
BTIU
CPAS
CA
CASC
CS
CBW
CIDA
CO
CODEL
CI
CROS
CU
CH
CWC
CMGT
CVIS
CDG
CTR
CG
CF
CHIEF
CJAN
CBSA
CE
CY
CB
CW
CM
CHR
CD
COE
CV
COUNTER
CT
CN
CPUOS
CTERR
CVR
CVPR
CDC
COUNTRY
CLEARANCE
CONS
COM
CACS
CR
CONTROLS
CAN
CACM
COMMERCE
CAMBODIA
CFIS
COUNTERTERRORISM
CITES
CONDOLEEZZA
CZ
CTBT
CEN
CLINTON
CFED
CARC
CTM
CARICOM
CSW
CICTE
CYPRUS
CBE
CMGMT
CARSON
CWCM
CIVS
COUNTRYCLEARANCE
CENTCOM
CAPC
COPUOS
CKGR
CITEL
CQ
CITT
CIC
CARIB
CVIC
CAFTA
CVISU
CDB
CEDAW
CNC
CJUS
COMMAND
CENTER
COL
CAJC
CONSULAR
CLMT
CBC
CIA
CNARC
CIS
CEUDA
CHINA
CAC
CL
DR
DJ
DEMOCRATIC
DEMARCHE
DOMESTIC
DISENGAGEMENT
DB
DA
DHS
DAO
DCM
DAVID
DO
DEAX
DEFENSE
DEA
DTRO
DPRK
DOC
DTRA
DK
DAC
DOD
DRL
DRC
DCG
DE
DOT
DEPT
DOE
DS
DKEM
ECON
ETTC
EFIS
ETRD
EC
EMIN
EAGR
EAID
EFIN
EUN
ECIN
EG
EWWT
EINV
ENRG
ELAB
EPET
EIND
EN
EAIR
EUMEM
ECPS
ES
EI
ELTN
ET
EZ
EU
ER
EINT
ENGR
ECONOMIC
ENIV
EFTA
ETRN
EMS
EUREM
EPA
ESTH
EEB
EET
ENV
EAG
EXIM
ECTRD
ELNT
ENVIRONMENT
ECA
EAP
EINDIR
ETR
ECONOMY
ETRC
ELECTIONS
EICN
EXPORT
EARG
EGHG
EID
ETRO
EINF
EAIDHO
ECIP
EENV
EURM
EPEC
ERNG
ENERG
EIAD
EXBS
ED
EREL
ELAM
EK
EWT
ENGRD
EDEV
ECE
ENGY
EXIMOPIC
ETRDEC
ECCT
EUR
ENRGPARMOTRASENVKGHGPGOVECONTSPLEAID
EFI
ECOSOC
EXTERNAL
ESCAP
ETCC
EENG
ERA
ENRD
ECLAC
ETRAD
EBRD
ENVR
ECONENRG
ELTNSNAR
ELAP
EPIT
EDUC
EAIDXMXAXBXFFR
EETC
EIVN
EDRC
EGOV
ETRA
EAIDRW
ETRDEINVECINPGOVCS
ESA
ETRDGK
ENVI
ELN
EPRT
EPTED
ERTD
EUM
EAIDS
EFINECONEAIDUNGAGM
EDU
EV
EAIDAF
EDA
EPREL
EINVEFIN
EAGER
ETMIN
EUCOM
ECCP
EIDN
EINVKSCA
ENNP
EFINECONCS
ETC
EAIRASECCASCID
EINN
ETRP
ECONOMICS
ENERGY
EIAR
EINDETRD
ECONEFIN
EURN
ETRDEINVTINTCS
EFIM
ETIO
EATO
EIPR
EINVETC
ETTD
ETDR
EIQ
ECONCS
ENRGIZ
EAIG
ENTG
EUC
ERD
EINVECONSENVCSJA
EEPET
EUNCH
ESENV
ECINECONCS
ETRDECONWTOCS
ECUN
FR
FI
FOREIGN
FARM
FIR
FAO
FK
FARC
FAS
FJ
FREEDOM
FAC
FINANCE
FBI
FTAA
FM
FCS
FAA
FORCE
FDA
FTA
FT
FCSC
FMGT
FINR
FIN
FDIC
FOR
FOI
FO
FMLN
FISO
GM
GERARD
GT
GA
GG
GR
GTIP
GH
GZ
GE
GB
GY
GAZA
GJ
GEORGE
GOI
GCC
GMUS
GI
GLOBAL
GV
GC
GL
GOV
GKGIC
GF
GWI
GIPNC
GUTIERREZ
GTMO
GANGS
GAERC
GUILLERMO
GASPAR
HR
HA
HYMPSK
HO
HK
HUMAN
HU
HN
HHS
HURI
HUD
HUMRIT
HUMANITARIAN
HUMANR
HL
HSTC
HILLARY
HCOPIL
HADLEY
HOURANI
HI
HUM
HEBRON
HUMOR
IZ
IN
IAEA
IS
IMO
ILO
IR
IC
IT
ITU
ID
IV
IMF
IBRD
IWC
ICAO
ICRC
INF
IO
IPR
ISO
IK
ISRAELI
IQ
ICES
IDB
INFLUENZA
IRAQI
ISCON
IGAD
IRAN
ITALY
IRAQ
ICTY
ICTR
ITPGOV
ITALIAN
IQNV
IADB
INTERNAL
INMARSAT
IRDB
ILC
INCB
INRB
ICJ
ISRAEL
INR
IEA
ISPA
ICCAT
IOM
ITRD
IHO
IL
IFAD
ITRA
IDLI
ISCA
INL
INRA
INTELSAT
ISAF
ISPL
IRS
IEF
ITER
INDO
IIP
IND
IEFIN
IACI
IAHRC
INNP
IA
INTERPOL
IFIN
ISSUES
IZPREL
IRAJ
IF
ITPHUM
ITA
IP
IRPE
IDA
ISLAMISTS
ITF
INRO
IBET
IDP
IRC
KMDR
KPAO
KOMC
KNNP
KFLO
KDEM
KSUM
KIPR
KFLU
KE
KCRM
KJUS
KAWC
KZ
KSCA
KDRG
KCOR
KGHG
KPAL
KTIP
KMCA
KCRS
KPKO
KOLY
KRVC
KVPR
KG
KWBG
KTER
KS
KN
KSPR
KWMN
KV
KTFN
KFRD
KU
KSTC
KSTH
KISL
KGIC
KSEP
KFIN
KTEX
KTIA
KUNR
KCMR
KCIP
KMOC
KTDB
KBIO
KBCT
KMPI
KSAF
KACT
KFEM
KPRV
KPWR
KIRC
KCFE
KRIM
KHIV
KHLS
KVIR
KNNNP
KCEM
KLIG
KIRF
KNUP
KSAC
KNUC
KPGOV
KTDD
KIDE
KOMS
KLFU
KNNC
KMFO
KSEO
KJRE
KJUST
KMRS
KSRE
KGIT
KPIR
KPOA
KUWAIT
KIVP
KICC
KSCS
KPOL
KSEAO
KRCM
KSCI
KNAP
KGLB
KICA
KCUL
KPRM
KFSC
KQ
KPOP
KPFO
KPALAOIS
KREC
KBWG
KR
KTTB
KNAR
KCOM
KESS
KINR
KOCI
KWN
KCSY
KREL
KTBT
KFTN
KW
KRFD
KFLOA
KHDP
KNEP
KIND
KHUM
KSKN
KOMO
KDRL
KTFIN
KSOC
KPO
KGIV
KSTCPL
KSI
KPRP
KFPC
KNNB
KNDP
KICCPUR
KFRDCVISCMGTCASCKOCIASECPHUMSMIGEG
KDMR
KFCE
KIMMITT
KMCC
KMNP
KSEC
KOMCSG
KGCC
KRAD
KCRP
KAUST
KWAWC
KCHG
KRDP
KPAS
KTIAPARM
KPAOPREL
KWGB
KIRP
KMIG
KLAB
KSEI
KHSA
KNPP
KPAONZ
KWWW
KGHA
KY
KCRIM
KCRCM
KGCN
KPLS
KIIP
KPAOY
KTRD
KTAO
KJU
KBTS
KWAC
KFIU
KNNO
KPAI
KILS
KPA
KRCS
KWBGSY
KNPPIS
KNNPMNUC
KNPT
KERG
KLTN
KPREL
KTLA
KO
KAWK
KVRP
KAID
KX
KENV
KWCI
KNPR
KCFC
KNEI
KFTFN
KTFM
KCERS
KDEMAF
KMEPI
KEMS
KBTR
KEDU
KIRL
KNNR
KMPT
KPDD
KPIN
KDEV
KFRP
KTBD
KMSG
KWWMN
KWBC
KA
KOM
KWNM
KFRDKIRFCVISCMGTKOCIASECPHUMSMIGEG
KRGY
KNNF
KICR
KIFR
KWMNCS
KPAK
KDDG
KCGC
KID
KNSD
KMPF
KWMM
MARR
MX
MASS
MOPS
MNUC
MCAP
MTCRE
MRCRE
MTRE
MASC
MY
MK
MG
MU
MILI
MO
MZ
MEPP
MCC
MEDIA
MOPPS
MI
MAS
MW
MP
MEPN
MV
MD
MR
MC
MCA
MT
MIL
MARITIME
MOPSGRPARM
MAAR
MOOPS
ML
MA
MN
MNUCPTEREZ
MTCR
MUNC
MPOS
MONUC
MGMT
MURRAY
MACP
MINUSTAH
MCCONNELL
MGT
MNUR
MF
MEPI
MOHAMMAD
MAR
MAPP
MNU
MFA
MTS
MLS
MEETINGS
MERCOSUR
MED
MNVC
MIK
MBM
MILITARY
MAPS
MARAD
MDC
MACEDONIA
MASSMNUC
MUCN
MQADHAFI
MPS
NZ
NATO
NI
NO
NU
NG
NL
NPT
NS
NA
NP
NASA
NSF
NEA
NANCY
NSG
NRR
NATIONAL
NMNUC
NC
NSC
NAS
NARC
NELSON
NATEU
NDP
NIH
NK
NIPP
NR
NERG
NSSP
NE
NTDB
NT
NEGROPONTE
NGO
NATOIRAQ
NAR
NZUS
NCCC
NH
NAFTA
NEW
NRG
NUIN
NOVO
NATOPREL
NV
NICHOLAS
NPA
NSFO
NW
NORAD
NPG
NOAA
OPRC
OPDC
OTRA
OECD
OVIP
OREP
ODC
OIIP
OAS
OSCE
OPIC
OMS
OFDP
OFDA
OEXC
OPCW
OIE
OSCI
OM
OPAD
ODPC
OIC
ODIP
OPPI
ORA
OCEA
OREG
OMIG
OFFICIALS
OSAC
OEXP
OPEC
OFPD
OAU
OCII
OIL
OVIPPRELUNGANU
OSHA
OPCD
OPCR
OF
OFDPQIS
OSIC
OHUM
OTR
OBSP
OGAC
OESC
OVP
ON
OES
OTAR
OCS
PREL
PGOV
PARM
PINR
PHUM
PM
PREF
PTER
PK
PINS
PBIO
PHSA
PE
PBTS
PA
PL
POL
PAK
POV
POLITICS
POLICY
PO
PRELTBIOBA
PKO
PIN
PNAT
PU
PGOVPREL
PALESTINIAN
PTERPGOV
PELOSI
PAS
PP
PTEL
PROP
PRELAF
PRHUM
PRE
PUNE
PIRF
PVOV
PROG
PERSONS
PROV
PKK
PRGOV
PH
PLAB
PDEM
PCI
PRL
PRM
PINSO
PERM
PETR
PPAO
PERL
PBS
PETERS
PRELBR
PCON
POLITICAL
PMIL
POLM
PKPA
PNUM
PLO
PTERM
PJUS
PARMP
PNIR
PHUMKPAL
PG
PREZ
PGIC
PAO
PROTECTION
PRELPK
PGOVENRG
PATTY
PSOC
PARTIES
PGOVEAIDUKNOSWGMHUCANLLHFRSPITNZ
PMIG
PAIGH
PARK
PETER
PHUS
PKPO
PGOVECON
POUS
PMAR
PWBG
PAR
PGOVGM
PHUH
PTE
PY
POLUN
PDOV
PGOVSOCI
PGOVPM
PRELEVU
PGOR
PBTSRU
PHUMA
PHUMR
PPD
PGV
PRAM
PARMS
PINL
PSI
PKPAL
PPA
PTERE
PGOF
PINO
PREO
PHAS
PAC
PRESL
PORG
PS
PGVO
PKFK
PSOE
PEPR
PINT
PRELP
PREFA
PNG
PTBS
PFOR
PGOVLO
PHUMBA
PREK
PHJM
POLINT
PGOVE
PHALANAGE
PARTY
PECON
PEACE
PROCESS
PLN
PEDRO
PF
PGPV
PCUL
PGGV
PSA
PGOVSMIGKCRMKWMNPHUMCVISKFRDCA
PGIV
PHUMPREL
POGOV
PEL
PBT
PAMQ
PINF
PSEPC
POSTS
PAHO
PHUMPGOV
PGOC
PNR
RS
RP
RU
RW
RFE
RCMP
RIGHTSPOLMIL
REFORM
RO
ROW
ROBERT
REACTION
REPORT
REGION
RELATIONS
RAY
ROBERTG
RIGHTS
RM
RATIFICATION
RREL
RBI
RICE
ROOD
REL
RODHAM
RGY
RUEHZO
RELIGIOUS
RELFREE
RUEUN
RELAM
RSP
RF
REO
REGIONAL
RUPREL
RI
REMON
RPEL
RSO
SCUL
SENV
SOCI
SZ
SNAR
SO
SP
SU
SY
SI
SMIG
SYR
SA
SW
SF
SR
SYRIA
SNARM
START
SPECIALIST
SG
SNIG
SCI
SGWI
SE
SIPDIS
SANC
SELAB
SN
SETTLEMENTS
SCIENCE
SENVENV
SENS
SPCE
SPAS
SECURITY
SENC
SOCIETY
SOSI
SENVEAGREAIDTBIOECONSOCIXR
SEN
SPECI
ST
SL
SENVCASCEAIDID
SC
SECRETARY
STR
SNA
SOCIS
SADC
SEP
SK
SHUM
SYAI
SMIL
STEPHEN
SNRV
SKCA
SENSITIVE
SECI
SCUD
SCRM
SGNV
SECTOR
SAARC
SENVSXE
SWMN
STEINBERG
SOPN
SOCR
SCRS
SWE
SARS
SNARIZ
SUDAN
SENVQGR
SAN
SM
SFNV
SSA
SPCVIS
SOFA
SCULKPAOECONTU
SENVKGHG
SHI
SEVN
SH
SNARCS
SNARN
SIPRS
TBIO
TW
TRGY
TSPA
TU
TPHY
TI
TX
TH
TIP
TSPL
TNGD
TZ
TS
TC
TK
TURKEY
TERRORISM
TPSL
TINT
TRSY
TERFIN
TPP
TT
TECHNOLOGY
TE
TAGS
TRAFFICKING
TJ
TN
TO
TD
TP
TREATY
TR
TA
TIO
TECH
TF
TRAD
TNDG
TWI
TPSA
TWL
TAUSCHER
TRBY
TL
TV
THPY
TSPAM
TREL
TRT
TNAR
TFIN
TWCH
THOMMA
THOMAS
TERROR
TRY
TBID
UK
UNESCO
UNSC
UNGA
UN
US
UZ
USEU
UG
UP
UNAUS
UNMIK
USTR
UY
USUN
UNEP
UNDC
UV
UNPUOS
UNSCR
USAID
UNODC
UNRCR
UNHCR
UNDP
UNCRIME
UA
UNHRC
UNRWA
UNO
UNCND
UNCHR
USAU
UNICEF
USPS
UNOMIG
UNESCOSCULPRELPHUMKPALCUIRXFVEKV
UR
UNFICYP
UNCITRAL
UNAMA
UNVIE
USTDA
USNC
UNCSD
USCC
UNEF
UNGAPL
USSC
UNMIC
UNTAC
UNCLASSIFIED
USDA
UNCTAD
USGS
UNFPA
UNSE
USOAS
UE
UAE
UNCHS
UNDESCO
UNC
UNSCS
UKXG
UNGACG
UNHR
UNBRO
UNCHC
UNFCYP
UNIDROIT
WHTI
WIPO
WTRO
WHO
WTO
WMO
WFP
WEET
WS
WE
WA
WHA
WBG
WILLIAM
WI
WSIS
WCL
WEBZ
WZ
WW
WWBG
WMD
WWT
WMN
WWARD
WITH
WTRQ
WCO
WEU
WB
WBEG
Browse by classification
Community resources
courage is contagious
Viewing cable 04PRETORIA5334, SOUTH AFRICA PUBLIC HEALTH DECEMBER 10 ISSUE
If you are new to these pages, please read an introduction on the structure of a cable as well as how to discuss them with others. See also the FAQs
Understanding cables
Every cable message consists of three parts:
- The top box shows each cables unique reference number, when and by whom it originally was sent, and what its initial classification was.
- The middle box contains the header information that is associated with the cable. It includes information about the receiver(s) as well as a general subject.
- The bottom box presents the body of the cable. The opening can contain a more specific subject, references to other cables (browse by origin to find them) or additional comment. This is followed by the main contents of the cable: a summary, a collection of specific topics and a comment section.
Discussing cables
If you find meaningful or important information in a cable, please link directly to its unique reference number. Linking to a specific paragraph in the body of a cable is also possible by copying the appropriate link (to be found at theparagraph symbol). Please mark messages for social networking services like Twitter with the hash tags #cablegate and a hash containing the reference ID e.g. #04PRETORIA5334.
Reference ID | Created | Released | Classification | Origin |
---|---|---|---|---|
04PRETORIA5334 | 2004-12-10 07:43 | 2011-08-24 01:00 | UNCLASSIFIED | Embassy Pretoria |
This record is a partial extract of the original cable. The full text of the original cable is not available.
UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 05 PRETORIA 005334
SIPDIS
DEPT FOR AF/S; AF/EPS; AF/EPS/SDRIANO
DEPT FOR S/OFFICE OF GLOBAL AIDS COORDINATOR
STATE PLEASE PASS TO USAID FOR GLOBAL BUREAU APETERSON
USAID ALSO FOR GH/OHA/CCARRINO AND RROGERS, AFR/SD/DOTT
ALSO FOR AA/EGAT SIMMONS, AA/DCHA WINTER
HHS FOR THE OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY,WSTEIGER AND NIH,HFRANCIS
CDC FOR SBLOUNT AND EMCCRAY
E.O. 12958: N/A
TAGS: ECON KHIV SOCI TBIO EAID SF
SUBJECT: SOUTH AFRICA PUBLIC HEALTH DECEMBER 10 ISSUE
Summary
-------
¶1. Summary. Every two weeks, USEmbassy Pretoria publishes a
public health newsletter highlighting South African health
issues based on press reports and studies of South African
researchers. Comments and analysis do not necessarily reflect
the opinion of the U.S. Government. Topics of this week's
newsletter cover: South Africa's Response to HIV/AIDS Still
Includes Denial and Ignorance; HIV/AIDS Places Burden on
Elderly; Some Regions Fear HIV/AIDS, Others Cancer; Health
Department Reports Increase in Number of Patients on ARV;
Economic Cost of AIDS May Worsen; Telkom HIV/AIDS Prevalence
Rate Expected to Peak at 11.4 Percent; Correctional Services
Conducts HIV Survey in Prisons; HIV/AIDS Budgets for National
and Provincial Government; Provincial Progress on Implementing
Government's HIV/AIDS Treatment Plan; and SA's Labor Force
Declines with HIV/AIDS, Discouragement Impacts. End Summary.
SA's Response to HIV/AIDS Still Includes Denial and Ignorance
--------------------------------------------- ----------------
¶2. The latest figures from the Actuarial Society of South
Africa suggest that about one in nine South Africans is
infected with HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, and about 5
million people who are living with the disease, the largest
case load in the world. The Human Sciences Research Council's
2002 household survey estimated that 6.2 percent of white South
Africans were infected with HIV, the biggest middle class
epidemic in the world. By comparison, an estimated 12.9 percent
of black Africans were infected. Many health care
practitioners find that their patients know about HIV/AIDS but
few are changing their behavior. The same patients repeatedly
ask for HIV tests. These are not sex workers for whom HIV is a
hazard of their jobs, but people who refuse to accept that they
need to protect themselves with condoms. The point about an
HIV test is to have it once, and if you are negative to keep it
that way. "There's a mistaken belief among many middle- to
upper income professionals, particularly whites, that they are
not at risk," says Mark Heywood of the Treatment Action
Campaign. The fact that HIV has disproportionately affected
poor, black, young women is an indication that many of them
think it cannot affect them, says Jonathan Berger, of the AIDS
Law Project at the University of the Witwatersrand. That
denial is worsened by SA's HIV-prevention campaigns, which
focus almost exclusively on young people. "By telling part of
the story as if it were the entire story, the vulnerability
picture often painted is both inaccurate and misleading," he
says in a paper accepted for publication by the journal
Development Update. Berger argues that SA's limited public
education campaigns are deeply flawed, presenting a sanitized
view of sex that bears little relation to people's lives. They
focus on young men and women having heterosexual sex, and shy
away from anything vaguely taboo, he says. Very little
research investigates what kind of sex people are having. And
when research does shed light on potentially dangerous
practices, Berger states that the findings are not incorporated
in education campaigns. Despite the frustration expressed by
many HIV/AIDS experts, there is some encouraging evidence that
young people are waiting longer before they have their first
sexual encounters; are using condoms more consistently; and are
more conscious of the dangers of HIV, says loveLife CEO David
Harrision. Source: Business Day, December 1.
HIV/AIDS Places Burden on Elderly
---------------------------------
¶3. The Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC) released a study
on the impact of HIV/AIDS on the elderly (aged 60 and older) in
Mpumalanga that highlights the particularly heavy financial and
care burden the elderly are paying. The study found that 72
percent of older people in the province are the main
breadwinners in multi-generational households, spending most of
their income on household necessities and the education of
grandchildren. Nine percent are caring for sick young adults
living in the household, 22 percent are staying with
grandchildren whose own parents are either dead or away in the
cities on a long-term basis, 20 percent take care of children
six years or younger, and 46 percent take care of children
between the ages of six and 18. With 60 percent of orphans in
South Africa being cared for by their grandparents, bringing up
a second generation weighed heavily on the elderly. Funerals
carry a substantial cost, often shouldered by the elderly as
the main breadwinner, or receiver of a state pension. The
majority of the elderly are female, according to census 2001
there are 34 males to 100 females in Mpumalanga. Most stay in
rural areas, with even those who worked in the cities returning
to rural areas when reaching retirement age to reunite with
their extended families. Source: SAPA, Mail and Guardian,
December 1.
Some Regions Fear HIV/AIDS, Others Cancer
-----------------------------------------
¶4. A global survey has found that Africans, West Asians and
Latin Americans believe that HIV/AIDS is the most important
disease confronting them -- while people elsewhere fear cancer.
The Gallup International/Markinor poll interviewed more than
50,000 people in over 60 countries between June and August for
their annual Voice of the People survey. They were asked for
their views of the most important disease in their country.
Overall, four out of every 10 (42 percent) citizens in the
countries polled around the world mentioned cancer as the most
threatening disease -- a concern shared in most countries, but
not unanimously. Twenty-seven percent rated HIV/AIDS as the
top disease and 15 percent heart attacks and strokes. Three
percent rated tuberculosis highest, two percent malaria and one
percent Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, while eight percent
rated other illnesses and four percent did not know or would
not answer. All five African countries included in the survey
are amongst the first 11 that regard HIV/AIDS as the most
important disease. In the five African countries polled, two
thirds of interviewees believed that HIV/AIDS was the most
important disease facing them. Malaria was the second most
frequently mentioned disease in Africa and was of particular
concern for Nigerians (35 percent) and the people of Cameroon
(31 percent). Source: SAPA, December 1.
Health Department Reports Increase in Number of Patients on ARV
--------------------------------------------- ------------------
¶5. The number of people receiving anti-retroviral therapy in
accredited government facilities increased from 11,250 at the
end of August to 19,500 in October, Health Minister Manto
Tshabalala-Msimang reported. Treatment is available in at
SIPDIS
least one facility in 50 of the 53 districts in the country. A
total of 103 facilities have been accredited and are providing
care and treatment for people with HIV and AIDS. Three centers
have been established to detect, assess, and prevent adverse
reaction to anti-retroviral drugs. A center at the Medical
University of SA focuses on the use of anti-retroviral drugs
and traditional medicine between adolescent and adults with HIV
and AIDS. The second center at the Free State University deals
with the use of anti-retroviral drugs among pregnant women and
infants. The University of Cape Town also serves as a
reference center for adverse reaction to all types of medicines
registered in the country. At least 67 percent of all public
health clinics were providing voluntary counseling and testing
(VCT) services, which had increased the coverage rate. The
number of people using VCT services had increased from 412,696
in 2002/2003 to 690,537 in 2003/4. The Health Department
reported that there were now 10,000 counselors at service
points throughout the country at the end of March 2004. Rapid
HIV test kits were widely available at the service points to
ensure people received results immediately. In addition, more
than R9.4 million ($1.6 million, using 5.7 rands per dollar)
had been spent on communication, including newspaper, radio and
billboard advertising, and production of information and
educational material to support the implementation of the
comprehensive plan. Source: SAPA, Health Dept Health News
Release, November 25.
Economic Costs of AIDS May Worsen
---------------------------------
¶6. Although data on the extent of HIV/AIDS and its impact on
the South African economy vary, analysts agree that government
and businesses need to take urgent action to combat the virus.
Already HIV/AIDS is estimated to be reducing South Africa's
growth rate by a minimum of 0.3 to 0.4 percent per year.
Forecasts of future growth show large discrepancies, however,
as financial experts have created different mathematic models
to calculate the consequences. Analysts at Apt Associates
estimated that the country's gross domestic product (GDP) will
be 17 percent lower by 2010 than it would have been without
AIDS, leading to a loss of $22 billion. Financial analysts at
ABSA bank, in contrast, estimate the shrinkage of GDP at 9.6
percent by 2015, while ING Barings put the figure at only 2.8
percent. One of the paradoxes of the HIV epidemic in sub-
Saharan Africa is that in the past 10 years it has not made a
huge dent on standard macroeconomic yardsticks, such as GDP.
This is due, in part, to the labor situation in South Africa.
The country's labor surplus means that workers removed by AIDS
can be replaced without much loss of productivity. The World
Bank analysis emphasizes the long-term impact of the disease on
human capital, arguing that the damage in terms of accumulated
loss of GDP per capita will be large, if left untreated. This
suggests that a country like South Africa could face
progressive economic decline over several generations, unless
it combats its AIDS epidemic more urgently. By mainly taking
the lives of young adults, AIDS seriously weakens a country's
tax base; as a result, national finances will come under
increasing pressure. Less income from taxes will reduce the
government's ability to finance public expenditures, including
those aimed at accumulating human capital, such as education
and public health services. It will also have to handle severe
financial strain in other social spending categories, such as
grants for AIDS orphans. To balance these, the government is
likely to raise taxes. AIDS will create significant costs to
business. At the company level, the pandemic poses a serious
threat to profitability as well as competitiveness. Firms will
have to face increasing absenteeism due to illness, funeral
attendances and care taking of family members. Businesses will
also see rising expenditure on medical and pension benefits,
loss of skilled manpower leading to disruption of production,
as well as increases in training, recruitment and personnel
turnover costs. Old Mutual Healthcare, for example, estimated
that additional healthcare costs as a result of HIV/AIDS could
reach $3.8-billion per year by 2009. By 2010 life expectancy
will be 43 years, 17 years less than it would have been without
AIDS. Analysts estimate the South African labor force will
decline by up to 23.5 percent by 2015. To what degree
enterprises are affected varies between business sectors. The
mining sector has been worst hit by the pandemic, with an AIDS
prevalence rate among its workforce of 25 percent, closely
followed by manufacturing with a prevalence rate of up to 19
percent. Construction, retail and wholesale count as medium- to
low-risk sectors. The effects of AIDS on businesses will also
depend on a company's location. In provinces with high
prevalence rates, such as KwaZulu-Natal and Gauteng, close to
40 percent of firms indicated that AIDS already had a negative
impact on their profits, according to Bureau for Economic
Research. In the Western Cape and Eastern Cape, the numbers
were 25 percent and 27 percent respectively. HIV/AIDS is a
risk of doing business in South Africa, right next to asset
security, crime and exchange rate volatility, besides political
and infrastructural risk. Only about a quarter of the
country's businesses -- mainly large corporations -- have
workplace policies in place. Small and medium-sized firms often
the lack human and financial resources to implement an AIDS
plan. Source: Mail and Guardian, November 26.
Telkom HIV/AIDS Prevalence Rate Expected to Peak at 11.4
Percent
--------------------------------------------- ------------
¶7. Telkom, the telecommunications parastatal, expects its
HIV/AIDS rate among employees to peak at 11.4 percent in 2006,
with the company's current HIV/AIDS prevalence rate at 9.6
percent. Telkom's introduction of antiretroviral treatment,
which started in October, is part of an integrated health
management strategy to manage health risks and invest in human
capital. Telkom had allocated R8 million ($1.4 million) in the
current financial year for the management of HIV/AIDS. The
company is offering a voluntary counseling, testing and
treatment (VCT) program, which offers employees around the
country access to a range of HIV/AIDS related services in
absolute privacy and confidentiality. Telkom does not have
access to details of an employee's HIV and AIDS status unless
he or she voluntarily discloses the information. The first
phase of Telkom's VCT program ended in October, during which
2,504 employees were tested. The second phase is currently
running until March next year with a target of 10,000. Source:
SAPA, December 1.
Correctional Services Conducts HIV Survey in Prisons
--------------------------------------------- -------
¶8. The Department of Correctional Services announced that a
national survey of prison inmates to determine HIV/AIDS
prevalence is now in the preparation phase, with a task team
and steering committee established. The prevalence of HIV/AIDS
will be ascertained by extrapolation from a sample. The 2003/04
annual report of the judicial inspectorate of prisons,
described HIV/AIDS in prisons as a "major problem". The report
noted that about 58 percent of prisoners were men below the age
of 30, who were more sexually active and prone to take risks
than older men. The report found that natural deaths were
rising and the increase could be "fairly attributed" to
HIV/AIDS and the opportunistic diseases that followed. Natural
deaths rose by 584 percent from 1995 to 2000, with 1087 deaths
in 2000 and 1683 in 2003. Seven months ago an AIDS directorate
was established focusing on care and support, prevention and
treatment. The Department of Correctional Services was
conducting a baseline study of the number of offenders
currently using ARVs in prisons, with preliminary results
expected in early December. Source: SAPA, December 1.
HIV/AIDS Budgets for National and Provincial Government
--------------------------------------------- ----------
¶9. Government commitment to HIV/AIDS funding only really
materialized in 2000 with the introduction of special
conditional grants, according to Alison Hickey, manager of
Idasa's AIDS Budget Unit. Before 2000, the AIDS budget was
minimal. The 2004/5 national budget shows a serious commitment
to making financial resources available for the new ARV
treatment programs. National Treasury has specifically
allocated R1.439 billion ($250 million) for HIV/AIDS programs
and services in this year. This is seven times what was set
aside to fight HIV/AIDS in 2000/1. However, HIV/AIDS funds
still constitute less than 1 percent of the total budget.
Money for ARV treatment is sent to provinces via conditional
grants. However, Hickey is concerned that provinces such as the
Eastern Cape and Mpumalanga may struggle to spend their grants.
"For those provinces with weaker financial and project
management skills, absorption capacity could well be the
primary obstacle to roll-out," she says. One of the weaknesses
in the national Department of Health identified by the Auditor
General is its inability to monitor conditional grants
properly. A new clause in the Division of Revenue Bill allows
unspent HIV/AIDS grants to be relocated to better-performing
provinces. Researcher Hein Marais found that the Western Cape,
Eastern Cape and Mpumalanga did not allocate any funds
specifically for HIV/AIDS in 1998. Gauteng was the only
province to allocate a substantial sum, with R49 million
allocated across all its departments and R4 million set aside
for NGOs. Source: Health E-News, November 28.
Provincial Progress on Implementing Government's HIV/AIDS
Treatment Plan
--------------------------------------------- -----------
¶10. North West Province
Provincial Health Department has allocated close to R50 million
for voluntary counseling and testing (VCT), prevention of
mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) and sexually transmitted
infections. The high AIDS prevalence rate (29.9 percent) has
led to more rapid implementation of the treatment plan, with
more than 5,000 new patients coming to the 3 available service
points and more than 1,000 patients being treated. The
provincial health department was allocated R70 million for the
HIV/AIDS program, including R29 million for ARVs.
Gauteng
Nineteen hospitals in the province are now providing ARV drugs
and the province plans to expand the program to 80 facilities
by 2009. By November 5, 49,268 people have been assessed, of
whom 5,588 adult and 800 children received ARVs. 2002 records
indicate that 54 percent of people between 15 and 34 years of
age admitted to state hospitals were infected with HIV.
Limpopo
Limpopo has the third lowest (17.5 percent) HIV prevalence rate
in the country. Since October, more than 2,000 patients have
been assessed, with 300 adults and 40 children on ARV
treatment. The province has eight treatment sites and by April
2005, will introduce the ARV treatment program to 30 district
hospitals and 22 community health centers. The province has
R80 million for the AIDS program during the 2004 financial year
and R120 million for next year.
Northern Cape
The provincial treatment program started three months ago and
now has 1,200 patients qualified for ARV treatment with 250
patients registered for treatment. Approximately 500 patients
with more than a CD4-count of 200 have been assessed. R31.8
billion has been allocated for the AIDS program this year.
Eastern Cape
The province launched its treatment program in May and 2,000
patients, 135 of them children, are receiving treatment at 11
sites. R40 million has been allocated and about R22.6 million
has been spent on ARV treatment in the 2004 fiscal year. A
regional training center, funded by the Department of Health,
Columbia University and CDC, provides HIV/AIDS training to
health care professionals. So far, 1,000 have received
training.
Western Cape
The province has 31 treatment sites, a total HIV/AIDS budget of
R119 million, of which R29 million is a grant from the Global
Fund. The province estimates that about 12,000 people need ARV
treatment and so far about 5,500, of which 1,000 are children,
are receiving ARVs. The Western Cape has the lowest HIV/AIDS
prevalence rate of 13.1 percent.
Free State
In October, the number of patients on treatment was 250, much
lower than the March 2005 target of 2,127; however its goals of
providing 5 treatment sites have been reached. A budget of R30
million has been allocated for 2004 and R50 million for next
year. For next year, an additional 16 sites providing ARV
treatment are planned.
Mpumalanga
The province currently has eight ARV treatment sites, though
the national Department of Health declared in October that the
province had 12. R 67 million was allocated to the AIDS
program this financial year and the province will likely not
reach its target of 1,934 patients on ARV treatment by March
¶2005. Currently Mpumalanga is treating 378 patients compared
to 130 patients in July.
KwaZulu-Natal
KZN has the highest AIDS prevalence rate at 38 percent and will
likely not meet its March 2005 target of 20,000 patients on
treatment. The province is currently treating 3,247 adults and
167 children at 31 sites. A further 16 sites have been
recommended for accreditation by the national advisers. A
conditional grant of R64 million is available for the ARV
treatment program. Source: Mail&Guardian, November 26 to
December 2.
SA's Labor Force Declines with HIV/AIDS, Discouragement Impacts
--------------------------------------------- ------------------
¶10. South Africa's labor force has declined over the past few
years, probably because more people have given up looking for
work or are infected with HIV, says a new report in the South
African Reserve Bank's Labor Market Frontiers report. South
Africa's labor force participation rate, which counts the
number of people working and actively seeking work as a
proportion of the total population, has dropped to 54.1 percent
in September 2003, down from 58.9 percent in September 2000.
Official figures from Statistics SA show that unemployment
dropped to 4.6 million in September 2003 from 5.3 million in
March 2003, based on the narrow definition of unemployment,
where an individual had been actively seeking work prior to the
survey. The drop in unemployment was not matched by an
increase in total employment over that period, with more people
dropping out of the labor market. The number of discouraged
job seekers increased the unemployed figure to more than 8
million. The Bank's report stated that job seekers were
discouraged because of the slim chances of finding a job, or
because they lacked funds to search actively for work. Another
likely cause for a drop in labor market participation was the
effect of HIV/AIDS. The report points to research that shows a
drop in HIV/AIDS prevalence among younger people in their
twenties, and an increase in higher age groups, making up most
of the labor force. The report also assesses whether social
grants have a negative incentive on labor force participation,
but found mixed results. Some studies show that pension
payments cause an indirect effect of withdrawal from the labor
market. However, other studies show that a child support grant
could result in higher labor force participation. Source:
Business Day, December 3.
FRAZER