

Currently released so far... 51122 / 251,287
Articles
Brazil
Sri Lanka
United Kingdom
Sweden
00. Editorial
United States
Latin America
Egypt
Jordan
Yemen
Thailand
Browse latest releases
2010/12/01
2010/12/02
2010/12/03
2010/12/04
2010/12/05
2010/12/06
2010/12/07
2010/12/08
2010/12/09
2010/12/10
2010/12/11
2010/12/12
2010/12/13
2010/12/14
2010/12/15
2010/12/16
2010/12/17
2010/12/18
2010/12/19
2010/12/20
2010/12/21
2010/12/22
2010/12/23
2010/12/24
2010/12/25
2010/12/26
2010/12/27
2010/12/28
2010/12/29
2010/12/30
2011/01/01
2011/01/02
2011/01/04
2011/01/05
2011/01/07
2011/01/09
2011/01/11
2011/01/12
2011/01/13
2011/01/14
2011/01/15
2011/01/16
2011/01/17
2011/01/18
2011/01/19
2011/01/20
2011/01/21
2011/01/22
2011/01/23
2011/01/24
2011/01/25
2011/01/26
2011/01/27
2011/01/28
2011/01/29
2011/01/30
2011/01/31
2011/02/01
2011/02/02
2011/02/03
2011/02/04
2011/02/05
2011/02/06
2011/02/07
2011/02/08
2011/02/09
2011/02/10
2011/02/11
2011/02/12
2011/02/13
2011/02/14
2011/02/15
2011/02/16
2011/02/17
2011/02/18
2011/02/19
2011/02/20
2011/02/21
2011/02/22
2011/02/23
2011/02/24
2011/02/25
2011/02/26
2011/02/27
2011/02/28
2011/03/01
2011/03/02
2011/03/03
2011/03/04
2011/03/05
2011/03/06
2011/03/07
2011/03/08
2011/03/09
2011/03/10
2011/03/11
2011/03/13
2011/03/14
2011/03/15
2011/03/16
2011/03/17
2011/03/18
2011/03/19
2011/03/20
2011/03/21
2011/03/22
2011/03/23
2011/03/24
2011/03/25
2011/03/26
2011/03/27
2011/03/28
2011/03/29
2011/03/30
2011/03/31
2011/04/01
2011/04/02
2011/04/03
2011/04/04
2011/04/05
2011/04/06
2011/04/07
2011/04/08
2011/04/09
2011/04/10
2011/04/11
2011/04/12
2011/04/13
2011/04/14
2011/04/15
2011/04/16
2011/04/17
2011/04/18
2011/04/19
2011/04/20
2011/04/21
2011/04/22
2011/04/23
2011/04/24
2011/04/25
2011/04/26
2011/04/27
2011/04/28
2011/04/29
2011/04/30
2011/05/01
2011/05/02
2011/05/03
2011/05/04
2011/05/05
2011/05/06
2011/05/07
2011/05/08
2011/05/09
2011/05/10
2011/05/11
2011/05/12
2011/05/13
2011/05/14
2011/05/15
2011/05/16
2011/05/17
2011/05/18
2011/05/19
2011/05/20
2011/05/21
2011/05/22
2011/05/23
2011/05/24
2011/05/25
2011/05/26
2011/05/27
2011/05/28
2011/05/29
2011/05/30
2011/05/31
2011/06/01
2011/06/02
2011/06/03
2011/06/04
2011/06/05
2011/06/06
2011/06/07
2011/06/08
2011/06/09
2011/06/10
2011/06/11
2011/06/12
2011/06/13
2011/06/14
2011/06/15
2011/06/16
2011/06/17
2011/06/18
2011/06/19
2011/06/20
2011/06/21
2011/06/22
2011/06/23
2011/06/24
2011/06/25
2011/06/26
2011/06/27
2011/06/28
2011/06/29
2011/06/30
2011/07/01
2011/07/02
2011/07/04
2011/07/05
2011/07/06
2011/07/07
2011/07/08
2011/07/10
2011/07/11
2011/07/12
2011/07/13
2011/07/14
2011/07/15
2011/07/16
2011/07/17
2011/07/18
2011/07/19
2011/07/20
2011/07/21
2011/07/22
2011/07/23
2011/07/25
2011/07/27
2011/07/28
2011/07/29
2011/07/31
2011/08/01
2011/08/02
2011/08/03
2011/08/05
2011/08/06
2011/08/07
2011/08/08
2011/08/09
2011/08/10
2011/08/11
2011/08/12
2011/08/13
2011/08/15
2011/08/16
2011/08/17
2011/08/18
2011/08/19
2011/08/21
2011/08/22
2011/08/23
2011/08/24
Browse by creation date
Browse by origin
Embassy Athens
Embassy Asuncion
Embassy Astana
Embassy Asmara
Embassy Ashgabat
Embassy Apia
Embassy Antananarivo
Embassy Ankara
Embassy Amman
Embassy Algiers
Embassy Addis Ababa
Embassy Accra
Embassy Abuja
Embassy Abu Dhabi
Embassy Abidjan
Consulate Auckland
Consulate Amsterdam
Consulate Alexandria
Consulate Adana
American Institute Taiwan, Taipei
Embasy Bonn
Embassy Bujumbura
Embassy Buenos Aires
Embassy Budapest
Embassy Bucharest
Embassy Brussels
Embassy Bridgetown
Embassy Brazzaville
Embassy Bratislava
Embassy Brasilia
Embassy Bogota
Embassy Bishkek
Embassy Bern
Embassy Berlin
Embassy Belmopan
Embassy Belgrade
Embassy Beirut
Embassy Beijing
Embassy Banjul
Embassy Bangui
Embassy Bangkok
Embassy Bandar Seri Begawan
Embassy Bamako
Embassy Baku
Embassy Baghdad
Consulate Belfast
Consulate Barcelona
Embassy Cotonou
Embassy Copenhagen
Embassy Conakry
Embassy Colombo
Embassy Chisinau
Embassy Caracas
Embassy Canberra
Embassy Cairo
Consulate Curacao
Consulate Ciudad Juarez
Consulate Chiang Mai
Consulate Chennai
Consulate Chengdu
Consulate Casablanca
Consulate Cape Town
Consulate Calgary
Embassy Dushanbe
Embassy Dublin
Embassy Doha
Embassy Djibouti
Embassy Dili
Embassy Dhaka
Embassy Dar Es Salaam
Embassy Damascus
Embassy Dakar
DIR FSINFATC
Consulate Dusseldorf
Consulate Durban
Consulate Dubai
Consulate Dhahran
Embassy Guatemala
Embassy Grenada
Embassy Georgetown
Embassy Gaborone
Consulate Guayaquil
Consulate Guangzhou
Consulate Guadalajara
Embassy Helsinki
Embassy Harare
Embassy Hanoi
Consulate Hong Kong
Consulate Ho Chi Minh City
Consulate Hermosillo
Consulate Hamilton
Consulate Hamburg
Consulate Halifax
Embassy Kyiv
Embassy Kuwait
Embassy Kuala Lumpur
Embassy Kolonia
Embassy Kinshasa
Embassy Kingston
Embassy Kigali
Embassy Khartoum
Embassy Kathmandu
Embassy Kampala
Embassy Kabul
Consulate Krakow
Consulate Kolkata
Consulate Karachi
Embassy Luxembourg
Embassy Lusaka
Embassy Luanda
Embassy London
Embassy Lome
Embassy Ljubljana
Embassy Lisbon
Embassy Lima
Embassy Lilongwe
Embassy Libreville
Embassy La Paz
Consulate Leipzig
Consulate Lahore
Consulate Lagos
Mission USOSCE
Mission USNATO
Mission UNESCO
Mission Geneva
Embassy Muscat
Embassy Moscow
Embassy Montevideo
Embassy Monrovia
Embassy Mogadishu
Embassy Minsk
Embassy Mexico
Embassy Mbabane
Embassy Maseru
Embassy Maputo
Embassy Manila
Embassy Manama
Embassy Managua
Embassy Malabo
Embassy Madrid
Consulate Munich
Consulate Mumbai
Consulate Montreal
Consulate Monterrey
Consulate Milan
Consulate Merida
Consulate Melbourne
Consulate Matamoros
Consulate Marseille
Embassy Nouakchott
Embassy Nicosia
Embassy Niamey
Embassy New Delhi
Embassy Ndjamena
Embassy Nassau
Embassy Nairobi
Consulate Nuevo Laredo
Consulate Naples
Consulate Naha
Consulate Nagoya
Embassy Pristina
Embassy Pretoria
Embassy Praia
Embassy Prague
Embassy Port Of Spain
Embassy Port Moresby
Embassy Port Louis
Embassy Port Au Prince
Embassy Podgorica
Embassy Phnom Penh
Embassy Paris
Embassy Paramaribo
Embassy Panama
Consulate Peshawar
REO Hillah
REO Basrah
Embassy Rome
Embassy Riyadh
Embassy Riga
Embassy Reykjavik
Embassy Rangoon
Embassy Rabat
Consulate Rio De Janeiro
Consulate Recife
Secretary of State
Embassy Suva
Embassy Stockholm
Embassy Sofia
Embassy Skopje
Embassy Singapore
Embassy Seoul
Embassy Sarajevo
Embassy Santo Domingo
Embassy Santiago
Embassy Sanaa
Embassy San Salvador
Embassy San Jose
Consulate Surabaya
Consulate Strasbourg
Consulate St Petersburg
Consulate Shenyang
Consulate Shanghai
Consulate Sapporo
Consulate Sao Paulo
Embassy Tunis
Embassy Tripoli
Embassy Tokyo
Embassy Tirana
Embassy The Hague
Embassy Tel Aviv
Embassy Tehran
Embassy Tegucigalpa
Embassy Tbilisi
Embassy Tashkent
Embassy Tallinn
Consulate Toronto
Consulate Tijuana
Consulate Thessaloniki
USUN New York
USMISSION USTR GENEVA
USEU Brussels
US Office Almaty
US Mission Geneva
US Mission CD Geneva
US Interests Section Havana
US Delegation, Secretary
UNVIE
UN Rome
Embassy Ulaanbaatar
Embassy Vilnius
Embassy Vientiane
Embassy Vienna
Embassy Vatican
Embassy Valletta
Consulate Vladivostok
Consulate Vancouver
Browse by tag
AMGT
ASEC
AEMR
AR
APECO
AU
AORC
ADANA
AJ
AF
AFIN
AMED
AS
AM
ABLD
AFFAIRS
AMB
APER
ACOA
AND
AA
AE
AADP
AID
AO
AL
AG
AORD
ADM
AINF
AINT
ASEAN
AORG
ABT
APEC
AY
ASUP
ARF
AGOA
AVIAN
ATRN
ANET
AGIT
ASECVE
ABUD
AODE
ALOW
ADB
AN
ADPM
ASPA
ARABL
AFSN
AZ
AC
AIAG
AFSI
ASCE
ASIG
ACABQ
ADIP
AFGHANISTAN
AROC
ADCO
ACOTA
ANARCHISTS
AMEDCASCKFLO
AK
ARABBL
ASCH
ANTITERRORISM
AGRICULTURE
AOCR
ARR
ASSEMBLY
AORCYM
AFPK
ACKM
AGMT
AEC
APRC
AIN
AFPREL
ASFC
ASECTH
AFSA
AINR
AOPC
AFAF
AFARI
AX
ASECAF
ASECAFIN
AT
AFZAL
APCS
AGAO
AIT
ARCH
AEMRASECCASCKFLOMARRPRELPINRAMGTJMXL
AMEX
ARM
AQ
ATFN
AMBASSADOR
AORCD
AVIATION
ARAS
AINFCY
ACBAQ
AOPR
AREP
AOIC
ASEX
ASEK
AER
AGR
AMCT
AVERY
APR
AEMRS
AFU
AMG
ATPDEA
ASECKFRDCVISKIRFPHUMSMIGEG
AORL
ACS
AMCHAMS
AECL
AUC
ACAO
BA
BR
BB
BG
BEXP
BY
BRUSSELS
BU
BD
BTIO
BK
BL
BE
BMGT
BO
BM
BX
BN
BWC
BBSR
BTT
BC
BH
BILAT
BUSH
BHUM
BT
BTC
BMENA
BOND
BAIO
BP
BF
BRPA
BURNS
BUT
BBG
BCW
BOEHNER
BOL
BASHAR
BIDEN
BFIN
BZ
BEXPC
BTIU
CPAS
CA
CASC
CS
CBW
CIDA
CO
CODEL
CI
CROS
CU
CH
CWC
CMGT
CVIS
CDG
CTR
CG
CF
CHIEF
CJAN
CBSA
CE
CY
CB
CW
CM
CHR
CD
COE
CV
COUNTER
CT
CN
CPUOS
CTERR
CVR
CVPR
CDC
COUNTRY
CLEARANCE
CONS
COM
CACS
CR
CONTROLS
CAN
CACM
COMMERCE
CAMBODIA
CFIS
COUNTERTERRORISM
CITES
CONDOLEEZZA
CZ
CTBT
CEN
CLINTON
CFED
CARC
CTM
CARICOM
CSW
CICTE
CYPRUS
CBE
CMGMT
CARSON
CWCM
CIVS
COUNTRYCLEARANCE
CENTCOM
CAPC
COPUOS
CKGR
CITEL
CQ
CITT
CIC
CARIB
CVIC
CAFTA
CVISU
CDB
CEDAW
CNC
CJUS
COMMAND
CENTER
COL
CAJC
CONSULAR
CLMT
CBC
CIA
CNARC
CIS
CEUDA
CHINA
CAC
CL
DR
DJ
DEMOCRATIC
DEMARCHE
DOMESTIC
DISENGAGEMENT
DB
DA
DHS
DAO
DCM
DAVID
DO
DEAX
DEFENSE
DEA
DTRO
DPRK
DOC
DTRA
DK
DAC
DOD
DRL
DRC
DCG
DE
DOT
DEPT
DOE
DS
DKEM
ECON
ETTC
EFIS
ETRD
EC
EMIN
EAGR
EAID
EFIN
EUN
ECIN
EG
EWWT
EINV
ENRG
ELAB
EPET
EIND
EN
EAIR
EUMEM
ECPS
ES
EI
ELTN
ET
EZ
EU
ER
EINT
ENGR
ECONOMIC
ENIV
EFTA
ETRN
EMS
EUREM
EPA
ESTH
EEB
EET
ENV
EAG
EXIM
ECTRD
ELNT
ENVIRONMENT
ECA
EAP
EINDIR
ETR
ECONOMY
ETRC
ELECTIONS
EICN
EXPORT
EARG
EGHG
EID
ETRO
EINF
EAIDHO
ECIP
EENV
EURM
EPEC
ERNG
ENERG
EIAD
EXBS
ED
EREL
ELAM
EK
EWT
ENGRD
EDEV
ECE
ENGY
EXIMOPIC
ETRDEC
ECCT
EUR
ENRGPARMOTRASENVKGHGPGOVECONTSPLEAID
EFI
ECOSOC
EXTERNAL
ESCAP
ETCC
EENG
ERA
ENRD
ECLAC
ETRAD
EBRD
ENVR
ECONENRG
ELTNSNAR
ELAP
EPIT
EDUC
EAIDXMXAXBXFFR
EETC
EIVN
EDRC
EGOV
ETRA
EAIDRW
ETRDEINVECINPGOVCS
ESA
ETRDGK
ENVI
ELN
EPRT
EPTED
ERTD
EUM
EAIDS
EFINECONEAIDUNGAGM
EDU
EV
EAIDAF
EDA
EPREL
EINVEFIN
EAGER
ETMIN
EUCOM
ECCP
EIDN
EINVKSCA
ENNP
EFINECONCS
ETC
EAIRASECCASCID
EINN
ETRP
ECONOMICS
ENERGY
EIAR
EINDETRD
ECONEFIN
EURN
ETRDEINVTINTCS
EFIM
ETIO
EATO
EIPR
EINVETC
ETTD
ETDR
EIQ
ECONCS
ENRGIZ
EAIG
ENTG
EUC
ERD
EINVECONSENVCSJA
EEPET
EUNCH
ESENV
ECINECONCS
ETRDECONWTOCS
ECUN
FR
FI
FOREIGN
FARM
FIR
FAO
FK
FARC
FAS
FJ
FREEDOM
FAC
FINANCE
FBI
FTAA
FM
FCS
FAA
FORCE
FDA
FTA
FT
FCSC
FMGT
FINR
FIN
FDIC
FOR
FOI
FO
FMLN
FISO
GM
GERARD
GT
GA
GG
GR
GTIP
GH
GZ
GE
GB
GY
GAZA
GJ
GEORGE
GOI
GCC
GMUS
GI
GLOBAL
GV
GC
GL
GOV
GKGIC
GF
GWI
GIPNC
GUTIERREZ
GTMO
GANGS
GAERC
GUILLERMO
GASPAR
HR
HA
HYMPSK
HO
HK
HUMAN
HU
HN
HHS
HURI
HUD
HUMRIT
HUMANITARIAN
HUMANR
HL
HSTC
HILLARY
HCOPIL
HADLEY
HOURANI
HI
HUM
HEBRON
HUMOR
IZ
IN
IAEA
IS
IMO
ILO
IR
IC
IT
ITU
ID
IV
IMF
IBRD
IWC
ICAO
ICRC
INF
IO
IPR
ISO
IK
ISRAELI
IQ
ICES
IDB
INFLUENZA
IRAQI
ISCON
IGAD
IRAN
ITALY
IRAQ
ICTY
ICTR
ITPGOV
ITALIAN
IQNV
IADB
INTERNAL
INMARSAT
IRDB
ILC
INCB
INRB
ICJ
ISRAEL
INR
IEA
ISPA
ICCAT
IOM
ITRD
IHO
IL
IFAD
ITRA
IDLI
ISCA
INL
INRA
INTELSAT
ISAF
ISPL
IRS
IEF
ITER
INDO
IIP
IND
IEFIN
IACI
IAHRC
INNP
IA
INTERPOL
IFIN
ISSUES
IZPREL
IRAJ
IF
ITPHUM
ITA
IP
IRPE
IDA
ISLAMISTS
ITF
INRO
IBET
IDP
IRC
KMDR
KPAO
KOMC
KNNP
KFLO
KDEM
KSUM
KIPR
KFLU
KE
KCRM
KJUS
KAWC
KZ
KSCA
KDRG
KCOR
KGHG
KPAL
KTIP
KMCA
KCRS
KPKO
KOLY
KRVC
KVPR
KG
KWBG
KTER
KS
KN
KSPR
KWMN
KV
KTFN
KFRD
KU
KSTC
KSTH
KISL
KGIC
KSEP
KFIN
KTEX
KTIA
KUNR
KCMR
KCIP
KMOC
KTDB
KBIO
KBCT
KMPI
KSAF
KACT
KFEM
KPRV
KPWR
KIRC
KCFE
KRIM
KHIV
KHLS
KVIR
KNNNP
KCEM
KLIG
KIRF
KNUP
KSAC
KNUC
KPGOV
KTDD
KIDE
KOMS
KLFU
KNNC
KMFO
KSEO
KJRE
KJUST
KMRS
KSRE
KGIT
KPIR
KPOA
KUWAIT
KIVP
KICC
KSCS
KPOL
KSEAO
KRCM
KSCI
KNAP
KGLB
KICA
KCUL
KPRM
KFSC
KQ
KPOP
KPFO
KPALAOIS
KREC
KBWG
KR
KTTB
KNAR
KCOM
KESS
KINR
KOCI
KWN
KCSY
KREL
KTBT
KFTN
KW
KRFD
KFLOA
KHDP
KNEP
KIND
KHUM
KSKN
KOMO
KDRL
KTFIN
KSOC
KPO
KGIV
KSTCPL
KSI
KPRP
KFPC
KNNB
KNDP
KICCPUR
KFRDCVISCMGTCASCKOCIASECPHUMSMIGEG
KDMR
KFCE
KIMMITT
KMCC
KMNP
KSEC
KOMCSG
KGCC
KRAD
KCRP
KAUST
KWAWC
KCHG
KRDP
KPAS
KTIAPARM
KPAOPREL
KWGB
KIRP
KMIG
KLAB
KSEI
KHSA
KNPP
KPAONZ
KWWW
KGHA
KY
KCRIM
KCRCM
KGCN
KPLS
KIIP
KPAOY
KTRD
KTAO
KJU
KBTS
KWAC
KFIU
KNNO
KPAI
KILS
KPA
KRCS
KWBGSY
KNPPIS
KNNPMNUC
KNPT
KERG
KLTN
KPREL
KTLA
KO
KAWK
KVRP
KAID
KX
KENV
KWCI
KNPR
KCFC
KNEI
KFTFN
KTFM
KCERS
KDEMAF
KMEPI
KEMS
KBTR
KEDU
KIRL
KNNR
KMPT
KPDD
KPIN
KDEV
KFRP
KTBD
KMSG
KWWMN
KWBC
KA
KOM
KWNM
KFRDKIRFCVISCMGTKOCIASECPHUMSMIGEG
KRGY
KNNF
KICR
KIFR
KWMNCS
KPAK
KDDG
KCGC
KID
KNSD
KMPF
KWMM
MARR
MX
MASS
MOPS
MNUC
MCAP
MTCRE
MRCRE
MTRE
MASC
MY
MK
MG
MU
MILI
MO
MZ
MEPP
MCC
MEDIA
MOPPS
MI
MAS
MW
MP
MEPN
MV
MD
MR
MC
MCA
MT
MIL
MARITIME
MOPSGRPARM
MAAR
MOOPS
ML
MA
MN
MNUCPTEREZ
MTCR
MUNC
MPOS
MONUC
MGMT
MURRAY
MACP
MINUSTAH
MCCONNELL
MGT
MNUR
MF
MEPI
MOHAMMAD
MAR
MAPP
MNU
MFA
MTS
MLS
MEETINGS
MERCOSUR
MED
MNVC
MIK
MBM
MILITARY
MAPS
MARAD
MDC
MACEDONIA
MASSMNUC
MUCN
MQADHAFI
MPS
NZ
NATO
NI
NO
NU
NG
NL
NPT
NS
NA
NP
NASA
NSF
NEA
NANCY
NSG
NRR
NATIONAL
NMNUC
NC
NSC
NAS
NARC
NELSON
NATEU
NDP
NIH
NK
NIPP
NR
NERG
NSSP
NE
NTDB
NT
NEGROPONTE
NGO
NATOIRAQ
NAR
NZUS
NCCC
NH
NAFTA
NEW
NRG
NUIN
NOVO
NATOPREL
NV
NICHOLAS
NPA
NSFO
NW
NORAD
NPG
NOAA
OPRC
OPDC
OTRA
OECD
OVIP
OREP
ODC
OIIP
OAS
OSCE
OPIC
OMS
OFDP
OFDA
OEXC
OPCW
OIE
OSCI
OM
OPAD
ODPC
OIC
ODIP
OPPI
ORA
OCEA
OREG
OMIG
OFFICIALS
OSAC
OEXP
OPEC
OFPD
OAU
OCII
OIL
OVIPPRELUNGANU
OSHA
OPCD
OPCR
OF
OFDPQIS
OSIC
OHUM
OTR
OBSP
OGAC
OESC
OVP
ON
OES
OTAR
OCS
PREL
PGOV
PARM
PINR
PHUM
PM
PREF
PTER
PK
PINS
PBIO
PHSA
PE
PBTS
PA
PL
POL
PAK
POV
POLITICS
POLICY
PO
PRELTBIOBA
PKO
PIN
PNAT
PU
PGOVPREL
PALESTINIAN
PTERPGOV
PELOSI
PAS
PP
PTEL
PROP
PRELAF
PRHUM
PRE
PUNE
PIRF
PVOV
PROG
PERSONS
PROV
PKK
PRGOV
PH
PLAB
PDEM
PCI
PRL
PRM
PINSO
PERM
PETR
PPAO
PERL
PBS
PETERS
PRELBR
PCON
POLITICAL
PMIL
POLM
PKPA
PNUM
PLO
PTERM
PJUS
PARMP
PNIR
PHUMKPAL
PG
PREZ
PGIC
PAO
PROTECTION
PRELPK
PGOVENRG
PATTY
PSOC
PARTIES
PGOVEAIDUKNOSWGMHUCANLLHFRSPITNZ
PMIG
PAIGH
PARK
PETER
PHUS
PKPO
PGOVECON
POUS
PMAR
PWBG
PAR
PGOVGM
PHUH
PTE
PY
POLUN
PDOV
PGOVSOCI
PGOVPM
PRELEVU
PGOR
PBTSRU
PHUMA
PHUMR
PPD
PGV
PRAM
PARMS
PINL
PSI
PKPAL
PPA
PTERE
PGOF
PINO
PREO
PHAS
PAC
PRESL
PORG
PS
PGVO
PKFK
PSOE
PEPR
PINT
PRELP
PREFA
PNG
PTBS
PFOR
PGOVLO
PHUMBA
PREK
PHJM
POLINT
PGOVE
PHALANAGE
PARTY
PECON
PEACE
PROCESS
PLN
PEDRO
PF
PGPV
PCUL
PGGV
PSA
PGOVSMIGKCRMKWMNPHUMCVISKFRDCA
PGIV
PHUMPREL
POGOV
PEL
PBT
PAMQ
PINF
PSEPC
POSTS
PAHO
PHUMPGOV
PGOC
PNR
RS
RP
RU
RW
RFE
RCMP
RIGHTSPOLMIL
REFORM
RO
ROW
ROBERT
REACTION
REPORT
REGION
RELATIONS
RAY
ROBERTG
RIGHTS
RM
RATIFICATION
RREL
RBI
RICE
ROOD
REL
RODHAM
RGY
RUEHZO
RELIGIOUS
RELFREE
RUEUN
RELAM
RSP
RF
REO
REGIONAL
RUPREL
RI
REMON
RPEL
RSO
SCUL
SENV
SOCI
SZ
SNAR
SO
SP
SU
SY
SI
SMIG
SYR
SA
SW
SF
SR
SYRIA
SNARM
START
SPECIALIST
SG
SNIG
SCI
SGWI
SE
SIPDIS
SANC
SELAB
SN
SETTLEMENTS
SCIENCE
SENVENV
SENS
SPCE
SPAS
SECURITY
SENC
SOCIETY
SOSI
SENVEAGREAIDTBIOECONSOCIXR
SEN
SPECI
ST
SL
SENVCASCEAIDID
SC
SECRETARY
STR
SNA
SOCIS
SADC
SEP
SK
SHUM
SYAI
SMIL
STEPHEN
SNRV
SKCA
SENSITIVE
SECI
SCUD
SCRM
SGNV
SECTOR
SAARC
SENVSXE
SWMN
STEINBERG
SOPN
SOCR
SCRS
SWE
SARS
SNARIZ
SUDAN
SENVQGR
SAN
SM
SFNV
SSA
SPCVIS
SOFA
SCULKPAOECONTU
SENVKGHG
SHI
SEVN
SH
SNARCS
SNARN
SIPRS
TBIO
TW
TRGY
TSPA
TU
TPHY
TI
TX
TH
TIP
TSPL
TNGD
TZ
TS
TC
TK
TURKEY
TERRORISM
TPSL
TINT
TRSY
TERFIN
TPP
TT
TECHNOLOGY
TE
TAGS
TRAFFICKING
TJ
TN
TO
TD
TP
TREATY
TR
TA
TIO
TECH
TF
TRAD
TNDG
TWI
TPSA
TWL
TAUSCHER
TRBY
TL
TV
THPY
TSPAM
TREL
TRT
TNAR
TFIN
TWCH
THOMMA
THOMAS
TERROR
TRY
TBID
UK
UNESCO
UNSC
UNGA
UN
US
UZ
USEU
UG
UP
UNAUS
UNMIK
USTR
UY
USUN
UNEP
UNDC
UV
UNPUOS
UNSCR
USAID
UNODC
UNRCR
UNHCR
UNDP
UNCRIME
UA
UNHRC
UNRWA
UNO
UNCND
UNCHR
USAU
UNICEF
USPS
UNOMIG
UNESCOSCULPRELPHUMKPALCUIRXFVEKV
UR
UNFICYP
UNCITRAL
UNAMA
UNVIE
USTDA
USNC
UNCSD
USCC
UNEF
UNGAPL
USSC
UNMIC
UNTAC
UNCLASSIFIED
USDA
UNCTAD
USGS
UNFPA
UNSE
USOAS
UE
UAE
UNCHS
UNDESCO
UNC
UNSCS
UKXG
UNGACG
UNHR
UNBRO
UNCHC
UNFCYP
UNIDROIT
WHTI
WIPO
WTRO
WHO
WTO
WMO
WFP
WEET
WS
WE
WA
WHA
WBG
WILLIAM
WI
WSIS
WCL
WEBZ
WZ
WW
WWBG
WMD
WWT
WMN
WWARD
WITH
WTRQ
WCO
WEU
WB
WBEG
Browse by classification
Community resources
courage is contagious
Viewing cable 05PRETORIA1161, SOUTH AFRICA PUBLIC HEALTH MARCH 18 ISSUE
If you are new to these pages, please read an introduction on the structure of a cable as well as how to discuss them with others. See also the FAQs
Understanding cables
Every cable message consists of three parts:
- The top box shows each cables unique reference number, when and by whom it originally was sent, and what its initial classification was.
- The middle box contains the header information that is associated with the cable. It includes information about the receiver(s) as well as a general subject.
- The bottom box presents the body of the cable. The opening can contain a more specific subject, references to other cables (browse by origin to find them) or additional comment. This is followed by the main contents of the cable: a summary, a collection of specific topics and a comment section.
Discussing cables
If you find meaningful or important information in a cable, please link directly to its unique reference number. Linking to a specific paragraph in the body of a cable is also possible by copying the appropriate link (to be found at theparagraph symbol). Please mark messages for social networking services like Twitter with the hash tags #cablegate and a hash containing the reference ID e.g. #05PRETORIA1161.
Reference ID | Created | Released | Classification | Origin |
---|---|---|---|---|
05PRETORIA1161 | 2005-03-18 11:19 | 2011-08-24 01:00 | UNCLASSIFIED | Embassy Pretoria |
This record is a partial extract of the original cable. The full text of the original cable is not available.
UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 05 PRETORIA 001161
SIPDIS
DEPT FOR AF/S; AF/EPS; AF/EPS/SDRIANO
DEPT FOR S/OFFICE OF GLOBAL AIDS COORDINATOR
STATE PLEASE PASS TO USAID FOR GLOBAL BUREAU APETERSON
USAID ALSO FOR GH/OHA/CCARRINO AND RROGERS, AFR/SD/DOTT
ALSO FOR AA/EGAT SIMMONS, AA/DCHA WINTER
HHS FOR THE OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY,WSTEIGER AND NIH,HFRANCIS
CDC FOR SBLOUNT AND EMCCRAY
E.O. 12958: N/A
TAGS: ECON KHIV SOCI TBIO EAID SF
SUBJECT: SOUTH AFRICA PUBLIC HEALTH MARCH 18 ISSUE
Summary
-------
¶1. Summary. Every two weeks, USEmbassy Pretoria publishes a
public health newsletter highlighting South African health
issues based on press reports and studies of South African
researchers. Comments and analysis do not necessarily reflect
the opinion of the U.S. Government. Topics of this week's
newsletter cover: 25% of Under-20s Using Drugs; Partial
Victory for Dispensing Doctors; State to Supply AIDS Drugs for
Less than R100; Debate in South Africa about Routine Testing;
Survey Shows Durban Less Likely to Test for HIV; Survey Shows
Youth Views of HIV/AIDS; AIDS Impacts on Agriculture; Another
Study Confirms TB Increase; Constitutional Court will hear
Medicine Pricing Case; The Impact of AIDS on Gauteng Province;
MRC Points to Signs that HIV Pandemic might be abating. End
Summary.
25% of Under-20s Using Drugs
-----------------------------
¶2. A Medical Research Council (MRC) survey of the prevalence
of drug abuse among people under 20 years of age shows that in
1996, one youth in 20 in the Western Cape was taking drugs and
that now the figure is one in four. The MRC collected
information from 25 substance abuse treatment centers in the
Western Cape and found that between 1996 and 2004, the number
of young people using drugs had increased dramatically. The
drug of choice also changed over the eight years. The demand
for treatment of dagga, Mandrax, cocaine and heroin as primary
drugs increased from one percent in 1996 to nine percent in
¶2004. Methamphetamines (tik) became the most popular choice of
drug, increasing from 121 treated cases in 2003 to 376 in the
first half of 2004. The number of people seeking treatment for
the abuse of more than one drug had increased since the second
half of 2003, with more than 10 percent of patients being
reported as abusing four or more substances. The length of
time between a person's first using a drug and seeking
treatment for abuse depends on the type of drug. Treatment for
tik begins, on average, 1.6 years after first use. Heroin
users enter treatment programs after three years on average,
dagga users after 4.8 years, cocaine users after five years and
Mandrax users after about 7.6 years. Alcoholics tend to seek
treatment much later. Compared with other provinces, a greater
proportion of young people in the Western Cape seem to have
started drinking before the age of 13. Half of the people
whose unnatural deaths were recorded in Cape Town in 2003 had
blood alcohol levels over the legal limit. MRC researchers
suggested a number of measures that could help curb drug and
substance abuse. These include: (1) reducing the supply of
drugs and taking steps to deter people from abusing alcohol,
such as increasing the frequency of random breath tests for
motorists; (2) passing provincial legislation on the retail
sale of alcohol and bringing shebeens into the regulated
market; (3) promoting and implementing effective prevention
programs with community-based approaches; and (4) improving
access to quality treatment by building strong partnerships
between substance abuse treatment centers and mental health
services. Source: The Cape Times, March 10.
Partial Victory for Dispensing Doctors
--------------------------------------
¶3. The first constitutional challenge to new health laws left
dispensing doctors and the Department of Health each claiming a
partial victory. In a unanimous judgment, the Constitution
Court said that regulations that force doctors to get licenses
to dispense drugs were not unconstitutional. However, sections
that tried to limit the number of pharmacies in an area were
declared invalid. The court said that laws requiring renewal
of a dispensing license would stand. The application to the
Constitution Court was brought by a group of dispensing doctors
under the umbrella of the Affordable Medicines Trust, which
included the National Convention on Dispensing (NCD), and was
opposed by the Department of Health. NCD spokesperson Norman
Mabasa said he did not consider it a partial victory. "It is a
major victory," he said. Mabasa claimed that NCD has never
been against licenses and inspections, but was concerned about
regulations that would have limited dispensing doctors on the
basis of competition in an area. Source: Sapa, March 11.
State to Supply AIDS Drugs for less than R100
---------------------------------------------
¶4. Government will be able to supply state patients with three
antiretroviral drugs (triple therapy) for around R100 ($17,
using 5.85 rands per dollar) a month, according to prices
agreed in the government antiretroviral drug tender. Local
generic drug producer Aspen is the main beneficiary of the
tender, while Indian generic producer Cipla will supply one of
the drugs needed. Brand name drugs from the large
pharmaceutical companies, GlaxoSmithKline, Boehringer
Ingleheim, Bristol Meyers Squibb, MerckSharpe&Dohme and
Abbott, are only included where there are no generic
alternatives. Concern has been expressed about price increases
during the tender period. Boehringer Ingleheim is the only
company to guarantee that it will not increase the price of the
drug it is supplying, nevirapine, over the tender period.
Aspen's prices rise by 6 percent after 18 months. Abbott is
providing its drug, lopinavir, to the state at the same price
as in the private sector. However, it has pegged its prices
for Kaletra and Norvir at $500 per patient per year for the
duration of the tender, which ends in August 2007. It says
increases will only come about in relation to currency
fluctuation. GlaxoSmithKline's price for 3TC is almost a third
of the private sector cost, while AZT is almost half the
private sector price. First line treatment of the drugs d4T
(stavudine), 3TC (Lamivudine) and nevirapine for an adult
weighing 70kg will be about R97.26 a month. Where efavirenz is
substituted for nevirapine, the drug the price rises to R269.96
($46). Second line treatment of AZT, ddI and lopinavir will
cost R534.98 ($91). This treatment will be resorted to if
patients fail to respond to the first regimen, perhaps because
they have been on antiretroviral drugs in the past and
developed resistance, or because of side-effects. Three
different classes of antiretroviral drugs, called triple
therapy, are needed because the virus mutates rapidly, and can
develop resistance to a single drug with relative ease. Each of
the three drugs is from a different class and interacts with
the virus at a different stage of its lifecycle. Source:
Health E-News and Business Day, March 4.
Debate in South Africa about Routine HIV Testing
--------------------------------------------- ---
¶5. Only 850,000 South Africans have actually been tested for
HIV in the past four years, while 1.2 million people have had
pre-test counseling. The low rate of testing is a common
problem worldwide, which has led to countries such as Botswana
and the US making the HIV test a routine service available at
primary health facilities. Debate about South Africa's
voluntary approach to HIV Testing and Counseling involves
government officials and interested community organizations.
The article summarizes different viewpoints on testing. The
Department of Health has concerns about making HIV testing a
routine practice, stating that they operate within the
parameters of the Bill of Rights of the Constitution, whereby
mandatory testing would violate the rights of those who are HIV-
infected, so testing should be voluntary. In addition, they
feel that mandatory testing will increase stigma associated
with the infection, saying that their approach is to educate
communities about the importance of getting to know their
status early, and also, educating them as to how to live
positive, healthy, longer lives. Jonathan Berger of the AIDS
Law Project asserts that offering the HIV test as a routine
service would not conflict with South Africa's human rights
principles. According to Berger, the routine offer of HIV
testing should be introduced in South Africa as long as it is
not introduced in a way that dispenses with the need for pre-
and post-counseling and proper informed consent. Advocates of
routine testing emphasize that an environment where treatment
is being offered as a real option to the patient and
confidentiality is respected is essential. Confidentiality is
SIPDIS
different from disclosure. Disclosure is the choice of the
patient. In addition, legal and Constitutional guarantees of
non-discrimination are essential as well. With these
guarantees in place, HIV testing can become routine. Proposals
for increased mandatory testing have been recently introduced,
with the latest recommendation of pre-marital testing proposed
by Ruth Rabinowitz, an IFP Member of Parliament. Source:
Health E-News, March 4, The Witness, March 14.
Survey Shows Durban less likely to Test for HIV
--------------------------------------------- --
¶6. According to a survey by Khulisa Management Services,
people living in Durban are less likely to test for HIV than
people in Cape Town and Johannesburg. The survey of 892
households in the Durban area found that 72 percent of
respondents had no intention of getting tested for HIV in the
next 12 months, compared with 42 percent of people in Cape Town
and 53 percent of Johannesburg residents. Overall, 33 percent
of the respondents aged between 18 and 35 had been tested for
HIV and 43 percent intended to go for tests in the next 12
months. Walk-in centers, independent of any established clinic
or hospital are being established by the government and U.S.
Center for Disease Control, to serve people who prefer not to
use government testing facilities. According to Treasury's
estimated 2005 expenditure, 3,369 public health care facilities
are already providing voluntary counseling and testing, with
the number expected to increase to 5,000 by the end of 2005.
KwaZulu-Natal province has the highest estimated HIV prevalence
in South Africa. Source: Business Day, March 7.
Survey Shows Youth Views of HIV/AIDS
------------------------------------
¶7. The University of Cape Town's Center for Social Research's
AIDS and Society Research Unit recently published a study
"Measuring HIV/AIDS Stigma" based on a survey of 4,800 Cape
Town youths aged 14 to 22. Respondents in the Cape Area Panel
Study were interviewed repeatedly between 2002 and late 2003.
The study will track the youths' changing circumstances and
views until 2008. Initial results highlight the importance of
awareness campaigns in reducing stigma, showing that the more
adolescents know about how HIV/AIDS is transmitted, the less
likely they are to stigmatize people living with the virus.
Fear of infection is the dominant cause of discrimination among
81 percent of respondents, followed by `some negative moral
judgments' cited by 73 percent of survey participants. Almost
all respondents believed HIV-positive people should be treated
equally with regard to government services such as free health
services, job training, and welfare grants. The research also
found that respondents aged 15 to 18 are more likely to
stigmatize people living with HIV/AIDS than the older
participants. Males are more likely to be prejudiced than
women, while coloured youths are more likely to discriminate
against those with the virus and African youths the least
likely to discriminate. Christian and Muslim youth are more
likely to discriminate against HIV-infected people than those
with no religious affiliation. Source: Mail&Guardian, March
¶11.
AIDS Impacts on Agriculture
---------------------------
¶8. Based on forecasts of Agri AIDS, an HIV/AIDS awareness
initiative directed at farm workers, between 35 and 40 percent
of South Africa's agricultural workers are infected with the
HIV/AIDS virus. The pilot program of Agri AIDS brings AIDS
treatment to agricultural workers, with 200 treatment centers
treating 1000 workers. According to the latest Statistics SA
employment report, the agricultural sector employs
approximately 1 million workers and more severe impacts on the
agricultural sector production would be felt in the next
several years. Source: Business Day, March 15.
Another Study Confirms TB Increase
----------------------------------
¶9. A National Tuberculosis Control Program (NTBCP) study shows
that the prevalence of TB has increased from 188,695 patients
diagnosed in 2001 to 256,000 diagnosed in 2003. In addition,
an estimated 55 percent of TB patients are also HIV-positive.
On a provincial level, KwaZulu-Natal showed the highest TB and
HIV prevalence, with almost 80,000 TB cases recorded in 2003
and 37.5 percent of its population infected with HIV.
Statistics SA, in its 2005 Mortality Report, found that TB
accounted for 11.3 percent of all deaths in 2001. NTBCP cited
a cure success rate of nearly 54 percent although multi-drug
resistant cases had increased by almost 2 percent and re-
treatment cases by about 7 percent. The NTBCP estimates that
about 10,000 patients currently suffered from multi-drug
resistant TB. Source: Pretoria News, March 15.
Constitutional Court Will Hear Medicine Pricing Case
--------------------------------------------- -------
¶10. The Constitutional Court will hear an application by the
Department of Health relating to its controversial medicine
pricing regulations. Part of the regulations, which were
introduced last May to make medicines more affordable and
accessible, includes formulas to set the manufacturer price of
medicine and cap the amount that pharmacists may make from
selling the medicines. Pharmacists believe this will put them
out of business and have waged a prolonged court battle with
the Department of Health to alter the dispensing fee maximum of
R26 or 26 percent of the cost of the medicine. While waiting
for word of an appeal of a Cape High Court ruling in favor of
the Department of Health, the pharmacists decided to approach
the Supreme Court of Appeal (SCA) directly. The SCA declared
the regulations invalid and the Department of Health will ask
the Constitutional Court for leave to appeal this. The court
is also expected to be asked to make a declaratory order on
which laws are currently in force. The Health Department
believes their application to the Constitutional Court revives
the regulations, but the pharmacists believe that because there
is no clear rule over what happens to an order when it is
appealed from the SCA, the SCA order stands until the
Constitutional Court makes a ruling. Meanwhile, pharmacists
have chosen their own pricing structures pending the outcome of
the application. Source: Sapa, March 14.
The Impacts of AIDS on Gauteng Province
---------------------------------------
¶11. Gauteng commissioned a study in 2003/04 to investigate the
impact of the HIV epidemic on hospitals in 2002. In 2002, 64
percent of hospital admissions for the age group 25 to 34 were
people with HIV, with the most common cause of admission being
TB. The major costs for the province's hospitals in HIV/AIDS-
related illnesses were antibiotic drugs and laboratory
investigations. The province has had a sharp rise in the
prevalence of HIV among pregnant women during the period from
1997 to 2001. About 80 percent of the population of the
province does not have medical insurance and depends on public
health facilities for health services. To date, 20 health care
facilities are providing HIV/AIDS treatment in the province,
with a total of 88,415 people tested, and 9,413 adults and
1,308 children receiving ARV treatment. In 2004/05, the total
provincial HIV/AIDS budget allocation is R334.231 million
($57.6 million) of which R200 million is from the provincial
budget and an additional R134.231 million is from a conditional
grant from the national Department of Health. Source:
Mail&Guardian, March 11.
MRC Points to Signs that HIV Pandemic Might be Abating
--------------------------------------------- ---------
¶12. According to Medical Research Council (MRC) interim
president Dr. Anthony Mbewu, recent surveys signal that the
demographic impact of HIV/AIDS might be changing. Using data
from the annual HIV-prevalence survey of pregnant women
attending government clinics, Mbewu said there were indications
that the pandemic was reaching a plateau. The survey,
conducted every year since 1990, found that 28 percent of the
pregnant women surveyed in 2003 were HIV-positive; in 1990 the
figure was just 0.7 percent. The prevalence rate rose sharply
during the mid-1990s, but year-on-year increases have slowed
since 2000. In earlier surveys, the highest prevalence rates
were seen among women aged between 15 and 25, but in 2003 the
survey showed the highest HIV burden among those aged 25-35.
In addition, a decline in other sexually transmitted diseases
such as syphilis, and the increased use of condoms, had helped
limit the spread of HIV/AIDS. The prevalence of syphilis among
pregnant women attending government clinics declined from 8
percent in 1998 to about 2 percent in 2000. The MRC estimated
that HIV was the leading cause of death in 2000, responsible
for 29.8 percent of all reported deaths. Cardiovascular
disease was also a major problem in SA, and Mbewu suggested
that its economic repercussions might be of the same order as
those of HIV/AIDS. Referring to Statistics SA's latest
mortality report, released last month, he said AIDS-related
deaths were clearly under-reported. The report detailed the
causes of deaths recorded on death certificates between 1997
and 2003, and found that only 2.8 percent of reported deaths in
2001 were described as being due to HIV. On the impact of the
disease on the local economy, Mbewu cited most studies
predicted a reduction in GDP of between 0.3 percent and 0.6
percent, based on a decline in the population growth rate of
1.3 percent. However, he emphasized the uncertainties in the
capability of the health system and the extent of the reduction
in labor force due to HIV/AIDS and suggested that econometric
models used to estimate HIV/AIDS impacts be refined. Source:
Sapa, Business Day, March 16)
FRAZER