

Currently released so far... 51122 / 251,287
Articles
Brazil
Sri Lanka
United Kingdom
Sweden
00. Editorial
United States
Latin America
Egypt
Jordan
Yemen
Thailand
Browse latest releases
2010/12/01
2010/12/02
2010/12/03
2010/12/04
2010/12/05
2010/12/06
2010/12/07
2010/12/08
2010/12/09
2010/12/10
2010/12/11
2010/12/12
2010/12/13
2010/12/14
2010/12/15
2010/12/16
2010/12/17
2010/12/18
2010/12/19
2010/12/20
2010/12/21
2010/12/22
2010/12/23
2010/12/24
2010/12/25
2010/12/26
2010/12/27
2010/12/28
2010/12/29
2010/12/30
2011/01/01
2011/01/02
2011/01/04
2011/01/05
2011/01/07
2011/01/09
2011/01/11
2011/01/12
2011/01/13
2011/01/14
2011/01/15
2011/01/16
2011/01/17
2011/01/18
2011/01/19
2011/01/20
2011/01/21
2011/01/22
2011/01/23
2011/01/24
2011/01/25
2011/01/26
2011/01/27
2011/01/28
2011/01/29
2011/01/30
2011/01/31
2011/02/01
2011/02/02
2011/02/03
2011/02/04
2011/02/05
2011/02/06
2011/02/07
2011/02/08
2011/02/09
2011/02/10
2011/02/11
2011/02/12
2011/02/13
2011/02/14
2011/02/15
2011/02/16
2011/02/17
2011/02/18
2011/02/19
2011/02/20
2011/02/21
2011/02/22
2011/02/23
2011/02/24
2011/02/25
2011/02/26
2011/02/27
2011/02/28
2011/03/01
2011/03/02
2011/03/03
2011/03/04
2011/03/05
2011/03/06
2011/03/07
2011/03/08
2011/03/09
2011/03/10
2011/03/11
2011/03/13
2011/03/14
2011/03/15
2011/03/16
2011/03/17
2011/03/18
2011/03/19
2011/03/20
2011/03/21
2011/03/22
2011/03/23
2011/03/24
2011/03/25
2011/03/26
2011/03/27
2011/03/28
2011/03/29
2011/03/30
2011/03/31
2011/04/01
2011/04/02
2011/04/03
2011/04/04
2011/04/05
2011/04/06
2011/04/07
2011/04/08
2011/04/09
2011/04/10
2011/04/11
2011/04/12
2011/04/13
2011/04/14
2011/04/15
2011/04/16
2011/04/17
2011/04/18
2011/04/19
2011/04/20
2011/04/21
2011/04/22
2011/04/23
2011/04/24
2011/04/25
2011/04/26
2011/04/27
2011/04/28
2011/04/29
2011/04/30
2011/05/01
2011/05/02
2011/05/03
2011/05/04
2011/05/05
2011/05/06
2011/05/07
2011/05/08
2011/05/09
2011/05/10
2011/05/11
2011/05/12
2011/05/13
2011/05/14
2011/05/15
2011/05/16
2011/05/17
2011/05/18
2011/05/19
2011/05/20
2011/05/21
2011/05/22
2011/05/23
2011/05/24
2011/05/25
2011/05/26
2011/05/27
2011/05/28
2011/05/29
2011/05/30
2011/05/31
2011/06/01
2011/06/02
2011/06/03
2011/06/04
2011/06/05
2011/06/06
2011/06/07
2011/06/08
2011/06/09
2011/06/10
2011/06/11
2011/06/12
2011/06/13
2011/06/14
2011/06/15
2011/06/16
2011/06/17
2011/06/18
2011/06/19
2011/06/20
2011/06/21
2011/06/22
2011/06/23
2011/06/24
2011/06/25
2011/06/26
2011/06/27
2011/06/28
2011/06/29
2011/06/30
2011/07/01
2011/07/02
2011/07/04
2011/07/05
2011/07/06
2011/07/07
2011/07/08
2011/07/10
2011/07/11
2011/07/12
2011/07/13
2011/07/14
2011/07/15
2011/07/16
2011/07/17
2011/07/18
2011/07/19
2011/07/20
2011/07/21
2011/07/22
2011/07/23
2011/07/25
2011/07/27
2011/07/28
2011/07/29
2011/07/31
2011/08/01
2011/08/02
2011/08/03
2011/08/05
2011/08/06
2011/08/07
2011/08/08
2011/08/09
2011/08/10
2011/08/11
2011/08/12
2011/08/13
2011/08/15
2011/08/16
2011/08/17
2011/08/18
2011/08/19
2011/08/21
2011/08/22
2011/08/23
2011/08/24
Browse by creation date
Browse by origin
Embassy Athens
Embassy Asuncion
Embassy Astana
Embassy Asmara
Embassy Ashgabat
Embassy Apia
Embassy Antananarivo
Embassy Ankara
Embassy Amman
Embassy Algiers
Embassy Addis Ababa
Embassy Accra
Embassy Abuja
Embassy Abu Dhabi
Embassy Abidjan
Consulate Auckland
Consulate Amsterdam
Consulate Alexandria
Consulate Adana
American Institute Taiwan, Taipei
Embasy Bonn
Embassy Bujumbura
Embassy Buenos Aires
Embassy Budapest
Embassy Bucharest
Embassy Brussels
Embassy Bridgetown
Embassy Brazzaville
Embassy Bratislava
Embassy Brasilia
Embassy Bogota
Embassy Bishkek
Embassy Bern
Embassy Berlin
Embassy Belmopan
Embassy Belgrade
Embassy Beirut
Embassy Beijing
Embassy Banjul
Embassy Bangui
Embassy Bangkok
Embassy Bandar Seri Begawan
Embassy Bamako
Embassy Baku
Embassy Baghdad
Consulate Belfast
Consulate Barcelona
Embassy Cotonou
Embassy Copenhagen
Embassy Conakry
Embassy Colombo
Embassy Chisinau
Embassy Caracas
Embassy Canberra
Embassy Cairo
Consulate Curacao
Consulate Ciudad Juarez
Consulate Chiang Mai
Consulate Chennai
Consulate Chengdu
Consulate Casablanca
Consulate Cape Town
Consulate Calgary
Embassy Dushanbe
Embassy Dublin
Embassy Doha
Embassy Djibouti
Embassy Dili
Embassy Dhaka
Embassy Dar Es Salaam
Embassy Damascus
Embassy Dakar
DIR FSINFATC
Consulate Dusseldorf
Consulate Durban
Consulate Dubai
Consulate Dhahran
Embassy Guatemala
Embassy Grenada
Embassy Georgetown
Embassy Gaborone
Consulate Guayaquil
Consulate Guangzhou
Consulate Guadalajara
Embassy Helsinki
Embassy Harare
Embassy Hanoi
Consulate Hong Kong
Consulate Ho Chi Minh City
Consulate Hermosillo
Consulate Hamilton
Consulate Hamburg
Consulate Halifax
Embassy Kyiv
Embassy Kuwait
Embassy Kuala Lumpur
Embassy Kolonia
Embassy Kinshasa
Embassy Kingston
Embassy Kigali
Embassy Khartoum
Embassy Kathmandu
Embassy Kampala
Embassy Kabul
Consulate Krakow
Consulate Kolkata
Consulate Karachi
Embassy Luxembourg
Embassy Lusaka
Embassy Luanda
Embassy London
Embassy Lome
Embassy Ljubljana
Embassy Lisbon
Embassy Lima
Embassy Lilongwe
Embassy Libreville
Embassy La Paz
Consulate Leipzig
Consulate Lahore
Consulate Lagos
Mission USOSCE
Mission USNATO
Mission UNESCO
Mission Geneva
Embassy Muscat
Embassy Moscow
Embassy Montevideo
Embassy Monrovia
Embassy Mogadishu
Embassy Minsk
Embassy Mexico
Embassy Mbabane
Embassy Maseru
Embassy Maputo
Embassy Manila
Embassy Manama
Embassy Managua
Embassy Malabo
Embassy Madrid
Consulate Munich
Consulate Mumbai
Consulate Montreal
Consulate Monterrey
Consulate Milan
Consulate Merida
Consulate Melbourne
Consulate Matamoros
Consulate Marseille
Embassy Nouakchott
Embassy Nicosia
Embassy Niamey
Embassy New Delhi
Embassy Ndjamena
Embassy Nassau
Embassy Nairobi
Consulate Nuevo Laredo
Consulate Naples
Consulate Naha
Consulate Nagoya
Embassy Pristina
Embassy Pretoria
Embassy Praia
Embassy Prague
Embassy Port Of Spain
Embassy Port Moresby
Embassy Port Louis
Embassy Port Au Prince
Embassy Podgorica
Embassy Phnom Penh
Embassy Paris
Embassy Paramaribo
Embassy Panama
Consulate Peshawar
REO Hillah
REO Basrah
Embassy Rome
Embassy Riyadh
Embassy Riga
Embassy Reykjavik
Embassy Rangoon
Embassy Rabat
Consulate Rio De Janeiro
Consulate Recife
Secretary of State
Embassy Suva
Embassy Stockholm
Embassy Sofia
Embassy Skopje
Embassy Singapore
Embassy Seoul
Embassy Sarajevo
Embassy Santo Domingo
Embassy Santiago
Embassy Sanaa
Embassy San Salvador
Embassy San Jose
Consulate Surabaya
Consulate Strasbourg
Consulate St Petersburg
Consulate Shenyang
Consulate Shanghai
Consulate Sapporo
Consulate Sao Paulo
Embassy Tunis
Embassy Tripoli
Embassy Tokyo
Embassy Tirana
Embassy The Hague
Embassy Tel Aviv
Embassy Tehran
Embassy Tegucigalpa
Embassy Tbilisi
Embassy Tashkent
Embassy Tallinn
Consulate Toronto
Consulate Tijuana
Consulate Thessaloniki
USUN New York
USMISSION USTR GENEVA
USEU Brussels
US Office Almaty
US Mission Geneva
US Mission CD Geneva
US Interests Section Havana
US Delegation, Secretary
UNVIE
UN Rome
Embassy Ulaanbaatar
Embassy Vilnius
Embassy Vientiane
Embassy Vienna
Embassy Vatican
Embassy Valletta
Consulate Vladivostok
Consulate Vancouver
Browse by tag
AMGT
ASEC
AEMR
AR
APECO
AU
AORC
ADANA
AJ
AF
AFIN
AMED
AS
AM
ABLD
AFFAIRS
AMB
APER
ACOA
AND
AA
AE
AADP
AID
AO
AL
AG
AORD
ADM
AINF
AINT
ASEAN
AORG
ABT
APEC
AY
ASUP
ARF
AGOA
AVIAN
ATRN
ANET
AGIT
ASECVE
ABUD
AODE
ALOW
ADB
AN
ADPM
ASPA
ARABL
AFSN
AZ
AC
AIAG
AFSI
ASCE
ASIG
ACABQ
ADIP
AFGHANISTAN
AROC
ADCO
ACOTA
ANARCHISTS
AMEDCASCKFLO
AK
ARABBL
ASCH
ANTITERRORISM
AGRICULTURE
AOCR
ARR
ASSEMBLY
AORCYM
AFPK
ACKM
AGMT
AEC
APRC
AIN
AFPREL
ASFC
ASECTH
AFSA
AINR
AOPC
AFAF
AFARI
AX
ASECAF
ASECAFIN
AT
AFZAL
APCS
AGAO
AIT
ARCH
AEMRASECCASCKFLOMARRPRELPINRAMGTJMXL
AMEX
ARM
AQ
ATFN
AMBASSADOR
AORCD
AVIATION
ARAS
AINFCY
ACBAQ
AOPR
AREP
AOIC
ASEX
ASEK
AER
AGR
AMCT
AVERY
APR
AEMRS
AFU
AMG
ATPDEA
ASECKFRDCVISKIRFPHUMSMIGEG
AORL
ACS
AMCHAMS
AECL
AUC
ACAO
BA
BR
BB
BG
BEXP
BY
BRUSSELS
BU
BD
BTIO
BK
BL
BE
BMGT
BO
BM
BX
BN
BWC
BBSR
BTT
BC
BH
BILAT
BUSH
BHUM
BT
BTC
BMENA
BOND
BAIO
BP
BF
BRPA
BURNS
BUT
BBG
BCW
BOEHNER
BOL
BASHAR
BIDEN
BFIN
BZ
BEXPC
BTIU
CPAS
CA
CASC
CS
CBW
CIDA
CO
CODEL
CI
CROS
CU
CH
CWC
CMGT
CVIS
CDG
CTR
CG
CF
CHIEF
CJAN
CBSA
CE
CY
CB
CW
CM
CHR
CD
COE
CV
COUNTER
CT
CN
CPUOS
CTERR
CVR
CVPR
CDC
COUNTRY
CLEARANCE
CONS
COM
CACS
CR
CONTROLS
CAN
CACM
COMMERCE
CAMBODIA
CFIS
COUNTERTERRORISM
CITES
CONDOLEEZZA
CZ
CTBT
CEN
CLINTON
CFED
CARC
CTM
CARICOM
CSW
CICTE
CYPRUS
CBE
CMGMT
CARSON
CWCM
CIVS
COUNTRYCLEARANCE
CENTCOM
CAPC
COPUOS
CKGR
CITEL
CQ
CITT
CIC
CARIB
CVIC
CAFTA
CVISU
CDB
CEDAW
CNC
CJUS
COMMAND
CENTER
COL
CAJC
CONSULAR
CLMT
CBC
CIA
CNARC
CIS
CEUDA
CHINA
CAC
CL
DR
DJ
DEMOCRATIC
DEMARCHE
DOMESTIC
DISENGAGEMENT
DB
DA
DHS
DAO
DCM
DAVID
DO
DEAX
DEFENSE
DEA
DTRO
DPRK
DOC
DTRA
DK
DAC
DOD
DRL
DRC
DCG
DE
DOT
DEPT
DOE
DS
DKEM
ECON
ETTC
EFIS
ETRD
EC
EMIN
EAGR
EAID
EFIN
EUN
ECIN
EG
EWWT
EINV
ENRG
ELAB
EPET
EIND
EN
EAIR
EUMEM
ECPS
ES
EI
ELTN
ET
EZ
EU
ER
EINT
ENGR
ECONOMIC
ENIV
EFTA
ETRN
EMS
EUREM
EPA
ESTH
EEB
EET
ENV
EAG
EXIM
ECTRD
ELNT
ENVIRONMENT
ECA
EAP
EINDIR
ETR
ECONOMY
ETRC
ELECTIONS
EICN
EXPORT
EARG
EGHG
EID
ETRO
EINF
EAIDHO
ECIP
EENV
EURM
EPEC
ERNG
ENERG
EIAD
EXBS
ED
EREL
ELAM
EK
EWT
ENGRD
EDEV
ECE
ENGY
EXIMOPIC
ETRDEC
ECCT
EUR
ENRGPARMOTRASENVKGHGPGOVECONTSPLEAID
EFI
ECOSOC
EXTERNAL
ESCAP
ETCC
EENG
ERA
ENRD
ECLAC
ETRAD
EBRD
ENVR
ECONENRG
ELTNSNAR
ELAP
EPIT
EDUC
EAIDXMXAXBXFFR
EETC
EIVN
EDRC
EGOV
ETRA
EAIDRW
ETRDEINVECINPGOVCS
ESA
ETRDGK
ENVI
ELN
EPRT
EPTED
ERTD
EUM
EAIDS
EFINECONEAIDUNGAGM
EDU
EV
EAIDAF
EDA
EPREL
EINVEFIN
EAGER
ETMIN
EUCOM
ECCP
EIDN
EINVKSCA
ENNP
EFINECONCS
ETC
EAIRASECCASCID
EINN
ETRP
ECONOMICS
ENERGY
EIAR
EINDETRD
ECONEFIN
EURN
ETRDEINVTINTCS
EFIM
ETIO
EATO
EIPR
EINVETC
ETTD
ETDR
EIQ
ECONCS
ENRGIZ
EAIG
ENTG
EUC
ERD
EINVECONSENVCSJA
EEPET
EUNCH
ESENV
ECINECONCS
ETRDECONWTOCS
ECUN
FR
FI
FOREIGN
FARM
FIR
FAO
FK
FARC
FAS
FJ
FREEDOM
FAC
FINANCE
FBI
FTAA
FM
FCS
FAA
FORCE
FDA
FTA
FT
FCSC
FMGT
FINR
FIN
FDIC
FOR
FOI
FO
FMLN
FISO
GM
GERARD
GT
GA
GG
GR
GTIP
GH
GZ
GE
GB
GY
GAZA
GJ
GEORGE
GOI
GCC
GMUS
GI
GLOBAL
GV
GC
GL
GOV
GKGIC
GF
GWI
GIPNC
GUTIERREZ
GTMO
GANGS
GAERC
GUILLERMO
GASPAR
HR
HA
HYMPSK
HO
HK
HUMAN
HU
HN
HHS
HURI
HUD
HUMRIT
HUMANITARIAN
HUMANR
HL
HSTC
HILLARY
HCOPIL
HADLEY
HOURANI
HI
HUM
HEBRON
HUMOR
IZ
IN
IAEA
IS
IMO
ILO
IR
IC
IT
ITU
ID
IV
IMF
IBRD
IWC
ICAO
ICRC
INF
IO
IPR
ISO
IK
ISRAELI
IQ
ICES
IDB
INFLUENZA
IRAQI
ISCON
IGAD
IRAN
ITALY
IRAQ
ICTY
ICTR
ITPGOV
ITALIAN
IQNV
IADB
INTERNAL
INMARSAT
IRDB
ILC
INCB
INRB
ICJ
ISRAEL
INR
IEA
ISPA
ICCAT
IOM
ITRD
IHO
IL
IFAD
ITRA
IDLI
ISCA
INL
INRA
INTELSAT
ISAF
ISPL
IRS
IEF
ITER
INDO
IIP
IND
IEFIN
IACI
IAHRC
INNP
IA
INTERPOL
IFIN
ISSUES
IZPREL
IRAJ
IF
ITPHUM
ITA
IP
IRPE
IDA
ISLAMISTS
ITF
INRO
IBET
IDP
IRC
KMDR
KPAO
KOMC
KNNP
KFLO
KDEM
KSUM
KIPR
KFLU
KE
KCRM
KJUS
KAWC
KZ
KSCA
KDRG
KCOR
KGHG
KPAL
KTIP
KMCA
KCRS
KPKO
KOLY
KRVC
KVPR
KG
KWBG
KTER
KS
KN
KSPR
KWMN
KV
KTFN
KFRD
KU
KSTC
KSTH
KISL
KGIC
KSEP
KFIN
KTEX
KTIA
KUNR
KCMR
KCIP
KMOC
KTDB
KBIO
KBCT
KMPI
KSAF
KACT
KFEM
KPRV
KPWR
KIRC
KCFE
KRIM
KHIV
KHLS
KVIR
KNNNP
KCEM
KLIG
KIRF
KNUP
KSAC
KNUC
KPGOV
KTDD
KIDE
KOMS
KLFU
KNNC
KMFO
KSEO
KJRE
KJUST
KMRS
KSRE
KGIT
KPIR
KPOA
KUWAIT
KIVP
KICC
KSCS
KPOL
KSEAO
KRCM
KSCI
KNAP
KGLB
KICA
KCUL
KPRM
KFSC
KQ
KPOP
KPFO
KPALAOIS
KREC
KBWG
KR
KTTB
KNAR
KCOM
KESS
KINR
KOCI
KWN
KCSY
KREL
KTBT
KFTN
KW
KRFD
KFLOA
KHDP
KNEP
KIND
KHUM
KSKN
KOMO
KDRL
KTFIN
KSOC
KPO
KGIV
KSTCPL
KSI
KPRP
KFPC
KNNB
KNDP
KICCPUR
KFRDCVISCMGTCASCKOCIASECPHUMSMIGEG
KDMR
KFCE
KIMMITT
KMCC
KMNP
KSEC
KOMCSG
KGCC
KRAD
KCRP
KAUST
KWAWC
KCHG
KRDP
KPAS
KTIAPARM
KPAOPREL
KWGB
KIRP
KMIG
KLAB
KSEI
KHSA
KNPP
KPAONZ
KWWW
KGHA
KY
KCRIM
KCRCM
KGCN
KPLS
KIIP
KPAOY
KTRD
KTAO
KJU
KBTS
KWAC
KFIU
KNNO
KPAI
KILS
KPA
KRCS
KWBGSY
KNPPIS
KNNPMNUC
KNPT
KERG
KLTN
KPREL
KTLA
KO
KAWK
KVRP
KAID
KX
KENV
KWCI
KNPR
KCFC
KNEI
KFTFN
KTFM
KCERS
KDEMAF
KMEPI
KEMS
KBTR
KEDU
KIRL
KNNR
KMPT
KPDD
KPIN
KDEV
KFRP
KTBD
KMSG
KWWMN
KWBC
KA
KOM
KWNM
KFRDKIRFCVISCMGTKOCIASECPHUMSMIGEG
KRGY
KNNF
KICR
KIFR
KWMNCS
KPAK
KDDG
KCGC
KID
KNSD
KMPF
KWMM
MARR
MX
MASS
MOPS
MNUC
MCAP
MTCRE
MRCRE
MTRE
MASC
MY
MK
MG
MU
MILI
MO
MZ
MEPP
MCC
MEDIA
MOPPS
MI
MAS
MW
MP
MEPN
MV
MD
MR
MC
MCA
MT
MIL
MARITIME
MOPSGRPARM
MAAR
MOOPS
ML
MA
MN
MNUCPTEREZ
MTCR
MUNC
MPOS
MONUC
MGMT
MURRAY
MACP
MINUSTAH
MCCONNELL
MGT
MNUR
MF
MEPI
MOHAMMAD
MAR
MAPP
MNU
MFA
MTS
MLS
MEETINGS
MERCOSUR
MED
MNVC
MIK
MBM
MILITARY
MAPS
MARAD
MDC
MACEDONIA
MASSMNUC
MUCN
MQADHAFI
MPS
NZ
NATO
NI
NO
NU
NG
NL
NPT
NS
NA
NP
NASA
NSF
NEA
NANCY
NSG
NRR
NATIONAL
NMNUC
NC
NSC
NAS
NARC
NELSON
NATEU
NDP
NIH
NK
NIPP
NR
NERG
NSSP
NE
NTDB
NT
NEGROPONTE
NGO
NATOIRAQ
NAR
NZUS
NCCC
NH
NAFTA
NEW
NRG
NUIN
NOVO
NATOPREL
NV
NICHOLAS
NPA
NSFO
NW
NORAD
NPG
NOAA
OPRC
OPDC
OTRA
OECD
OVIP
OREP
ODC
OIIP
OAS
OSCE
OPIC
OMS
OFDP
OFDA
OEXC
OPCW
OIE
OSCI
OM
OPAD
ODPC
OIC
ODIP
OPPI
ORA
OCEA
OREG
OMIG
OFFICIALS
OSAC
OEXP
OPEC
OFPD
OAU
OCII
OIL
OVIPPRELUNGANU
OSHA
OPCD
OPCR
OF
OFDPQIS
OSIC
OHUM
OTR
OBSP
OGAC
OESC
OVP
ON
OES
OTAR
OCS
PREL
PGOV
PARM
PINR
PHUM
PM
PREF
PTER
PK
PINS
PBIO
PHSA
PE
PBTS
PA
PL
POL
PAK
POV
POLITICS
POLICY
PO
PRELTBIOBA
PKO
PIN
PNAT
PU
PGOVPREL
PALESTINIAN
PTERPGOV
PELOSI
PAS
PP
PTEL
PROP
PRELAF
PRHUM
PRE
PUNE
PIRF
PVOV
PROG
PERSONS
PROV
PKK
PRGOV
PH
PLAB
PDEM
PCI
PRL
PRM
PINSO
PERM
PETR
PPAO
PERL
PBS
PETERS
PRELBR
PCON
POLITICAL
PMIL
POLM
PKPA
PNUM
PLO
PTERM
PJUS
PARMP
PNIR
PHUMKPAL
PG
PREZ
PGIC
PAO
PROTECTION
PRELPK
PGOVENRG
PATTY
PSOC
PARTIES
PGOVEAIDUKNOSWGMHUCANLLHFRSPITNZ
PMIG
PAIGH
PARK
PETER
PHUS
PKPO
PGOVECON
POUS
PMAR
PWBG
PAR
PGOVGM
PHUH
PTE
PY
POLUN
PDOV
PGOVSOCI
PGOVPM
PRELEVU
PGOR
PBTSRU
PHUMA
PHUMR
PPD
PGV
PRAM
PARMS
PINL
PSI
PKPAL
PPA
PTERE
PGOF
PINO
PREO
PHAS
PAC
PRESL
PORG
PS
PGVO
PKFK
PSOE
PEPR
PINT
PRELP
PREFA
PNG
PTBS
PFOR
PGOVLO
PHUMBA
PREK
PHJM
POLINT
PGOVE
PHALANAGE
PARTY
PECON
PEACE
PROCESS
PLN
PEDRO
PF
PGPV
PCUL
PGGV
PSA
PGOVSMIGKCRMKWMNPHUMCVISKFRDCA
PGIV
PHUMPREL
POGOV
PEL
PBT
PAMQ
PINF
PSEPC
POSTS
PAHO
PHUMPGOV
PGOC
PNR
RS
RP
RU
RW
RFE
RCMP
RIGHTSPOLMIL
REFORM
RO
ROW
ROBERT
REACTION
REPORT
REGION
RELATIONS
RAY
ROBERTG
RIGHTS
RM
RATIFICATION
RREL
RBI
RICE
ROOD
REL
RODHAM
RGY
RUEHZO
RELIGIOUS
RELFREE
RUEUN
RELAM
RSP
RF
REO
REGIONAL
RUPREL
RI
REMON
RPEL
RSO
SCUL
SENV
SOCI
SZ
SNAR
SO
SP
SU
SY
SI
SMIG
SYR
SA
SW
SF
SR
SYRIA
SNARM
START
SPECIALIST
SG
SNIG
SCI
SGWI
SE
SIPDIS
SANC
SELAB
SN
SETTLEMENTS
SCIENCE
SENVENV
SENS
SPCE
SPAS
SECURITY
SENC
SOCIETY
SOSI
SENVEAGREAIDTBIOECONSOCIXR
SEN
SPECI
ST
SL
SENVCASCEAIDID
SC
SECRETARY
STR
SNA
SOCIS
SADC
SEP
SK
SHUM
SYAI
SMIL
STEPHEN
SNRV
SKCA
SENSITIVE
SECI
SCUD
SCRM
SGNV
SECTOR
SAARC
SENVSXE
SWMN
STEINBERG
SOPN
SOCR
SCRS
SWE
SARS
SNARIZ
SUDAN
SENVQGR
SAN
SM
SFNV
SSA
SPCVIS
SOFA
SCULKPAOECONTU
SENVKGHG
SHI
SEVN
SH
SNARCS
SNARN
SIPRS
TBIO
TW
TRGY
TSPA
TU
TPHY
TI
TX
TH
TIP
TSPL
TNGD
TZ
TS
TC
TK
TURKEY
TERRORISM
TPSL
TINT
TRSY
TERFIN
TPP
TT
TECHNOLOGY
TE
TAGS
TRAFFICKING
TJ
TN
TO
TD
TP
TREATY
TR
TA
TIO
TECH
TF
TRAD
TNDG
TWI
TPSA
TWL
TAUSCHER
TRBY
TL
TV
THPY
TSPAM
TREL
TRT
TNAR
TFIN
TWCH
THOMMA
THOMAS
TERROR
TRY
TBID
UK
UNESCO
UNSC
UNGA
UN
US
UZ
USEU
UG
UP
UNAUS
UNMIK
USTR
UY
USUN
UNEP
UNDC
UV
UNPUOS
UNSCR
USAID
UNODC
UNRCR
UNHCR
UNDP
UNCRIME
UA
UNHRC
UNRWA
UNO
UNCND
UNCHR
USAU
UNICEF
USPS
UNOMIG
UNESCOSCULPRELPHUMKPALCUIRXFVEKV
UR
UNFICYP
UNCITRAL
UNAMA
UNVIE
USTDA
USNC
UNCSD
USCC
UNEF
UNGAPL
USSC
UNMIC
UNTAC
UNCLASSIFIED
USDA
UNCTAD
USGS
UNFPA
UNSE
USOAS
UE
UAE
UNCHS
UNDESCO
UNC
UNSCS
UKXG
UNGACG
UNHR
UNBRO
UNCHC
UNFCYP
UNIDROIT
WHTI
WIPO
WTRO
WHO
WTO
WMO
WFP
WEET
WS
WE
WA
WHA
WBG
WILLIAM
WI
WSIS
WCL
WEBZ
WZ
WW
WWBG
WMD
WWT
WMN
WWARD
WITH
WTRQ
WCO
WEU
WB
WBEG
Browse by classification
Community resources
courage is contagious
Viewing cable 07SHANGHAI474, EAST CHINA'S SOUTH KOREAN COMMUNITY
If you are new to these pages, please read an introduction on the structure of a cable as well as how to discuss them with others. See also the FAQs
Understanding cables
Every cable message consists of three parts:
- The top box shows each cables unique reference number, when and by whom it originally was sent, and what its initial classification was.
- The middle box contains the header information that is associated with the cable. It includes information about the receiver(s) as well as a general subject.
- The bottom box presents the body of the cable. The opening can contain a more specific subject, references to other cables (browse by origin to find them) or additional comment. This is followed by the main contents of the cable: a summary, a collection of specific topics and a comment section.
Discussing cables
If you find meaningful or important information in a cable, please link directly to its unique reference number. Linking to a specific paragraph in the body of a cable is also possible by copying the appropriate link (to be found at theparagraph symbol). Please mark messages for social networking services like Twitter with the hash tags #cablegate and a hash containing the reference ID e.g. #07SHANGHAI474.
Reference ID | Created | Released | Classification | Origin |
---|---|---|---|---|
07SHANGHAI474 | 2007-07-30 06:46 | 2011-08-23 00:00 | UNCLASSIFIED | Consulate Shanghai |
VZCZCXRO5471
RR RUEHCN RUEHGH
DE RUEHGH #0474/01 2110646
ZNR UUUUU ZZH
R 300646Z JUL 07
FM AMCONSUL SHANGHAI
TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC 6082
INFO RUEHBJ/AMEMBASSY BEIJING 1295
RUEHSH/AMCONSUL SHENYANG 0794
RUEHGZ/AMCONSUL GUANGZHOU 0772
RUEHCN/AMCONSUL CHENGDU 0792
RUEHHK/AMCONSUL HONG KONG 0910
RUEHUL/AMEMBASSY SEOUL 0082
RUCPDOC/USDOC WASHINGTON DC 0007
RUEHGH/AMCONSUL SHANGHAI 6524
UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 05 SHANGHAI 000474
SIPDIS
SIPDIS
STATE FOR EAP/CM
E.O. 12958: N/A
TAGS: PREL ETRD EINV KIRF CH KS KN
SUBJECT: EAST CHINA'S SOUTH KOREAN COMMUNITY
(U) Sensitive but unclassified - please protect accordingly.
Not for dissemination outside USG channels.
¶1. (SBU) Summary: Since the establishment of diplomatic
relations in August 1992, South Koreans have flocked to Shanghai
in search of economic and educational opportunities. More than
110,000 South Koreans live in east China (Anhui, Jiangsu and
Zhejiang provinces and Shanghai), with some 70,000 in Shanghai
alone. The community has its own schools, churches and business
organizations. Major concerns include ongoing frictions with
the local authorities, particularly environmental concerns for
businesses and the extent of religious freedom for different
churches, and access to education. Despite these problems, most
people with whom we met predicted that the South Korean
community in Shanghai and the surrounding regions would continue
to grow and contribute to closer relations between the two
countries. End Summary.
---------------------------
Exploding Migrant Community
---------------------------
¶2. (U) From late June to mid July, Poloff met with various
representatives from South Korean communities in Shanghai and
surrounding regions to find out more about their experience in
East China. For Korea in the modern times, there is no other
foreign city more important as a historical landmark than
Shanghai. The Korean Provisional Government was founded in
Shanghai in 1919, and Shanghai was a major center of Korean
nationalist resistance against the Japanese occupation of Korea.
With the establishment of formal ties between Seoul and Beijing
in 1992, finally ending the long Cold War hiatus between the two
countries, South Koreans began to flock to Shanghai again in
search of various commercial and/or educational interests and
opportunities.
¶3. (U) While estimates vary, according to the June 2007
quarterly report released by the joint Korean Chamber of
Commerce in East China (covering Anhui, Jiangsu and Zhejiang
provinces and Shanghai), there are around 70,000 South Korean
nationals residing in Shanghai, and the number is expected to
reach 100,000 by the year 2010. In addition to Shanghai, other
cities in the region with a significant South Korean population
include Suzhou (25,000), Yiwu (7,000), Wuxi (7,000) and Nanjing
(5,000). According to Mr. Jae-won Jun, a Consul at the South
Korean Consulate in Shanghai, 3.9 million visited China in 2006,
with 1 million to Shanghai alone.
¶4. (U) According to the Shanghai Korean United Church's
Reverend Um Ki Young, South Koreans in Shanghai are concentrated
in the Minhang district (around 85 percent of the population)
and Pudong district (around 15 percent). Numbers residing
outside of Minhang and Pudong districts are negligible. Prior
to China's accession to the World Trade Organization in 2001,
the Chinese government had designated all the foreign nationals
in Shanghai to live in the Gubei area. After the restriction
was lifted, most South Koreans moved to the adjacent and newly
developing Minhang district, just outside of Gubei and began to
concentrate in that area. Availability of different South
Korean churches, food stores, restaurants and schools made
living in the Minhang district appealing for many South Koreans.
¶5. (U) Many interviewees commented that perhaps the most
important characteristic that distinguishes South Koreans in
Shanghai and rest of China from many South Korean communities
abroad was the fact that their stay in China was never meant to
be permanent. The Chinese government does not recognize any
sort of permanent immigration by foreigners, unlike their
counterparts in places like the United States and Canada, and
South Koreans defined their stay in China as wholly temporary.
----------------------
Economic Opportunities
----------------------
¶6. (U) Most South Koreans residing in Shanghai and surrounding
areas came to China for commercial interests. According to the
joint Korean Chamber of Commerce in East China's June 2007
report, there are over 8,000 South Korean companies in the
region, and around 3,200 in Shanghai alone. Other cities in the
region with significant number of South Korean businesses are
Yiwu (3,000), Suzhou (890), Nanjing (200), Wuxi (200), Ningbo
(120), Hefei (100), Zhangjiagang (83), Lianyungang (78), Jiaxing
SHANGHAI 00000474 002 OF 005
(60), Yancheng (53), Hangzhou (50) and Nantong (50). According
to Mr. Jun, the size of these businesses ranged from giants like
Samsung and LG to small shops selling trinkets. Typically
larger businesses were concentrated in Shanghai, while smaller
ones dotted the cities in the interior.
¶7. (SBU) Poloff attended the joint meeting of the Korean
Chamber of Commerce in East China from June 29-July 1 and met
with many Korean business representatives. Many of these
representatives identified the prospective Free Trade Agreement
(FTA) between South Korea and China as a major issue for South
Korean businesses in China. An official representative of the
South Korean Ministry of Foreign Relations and Trade from Seoul
briefed the participants on the prospective China-South Korea
FTA. Although the new administration in power after the
December 2007 South Korean Presidential Election may change
direction, the current South Korean government was cautiously
pushing for FTAs with the European Union and China to follow the
FTA agreement with the United States. China was the most
important economic partner for South Korea and its significance
was even greater considering the entities under its sphere, Hong
Kong, Macao and Taiwan. South Korea had its biggest trade
surplus with China and around 24 percent of South Korea's total
foreign investments went to China. However, the presenter also
spoke of concerns and potential dangers of the FTA with China.
Agriculture and manufacturing industries were expected to be hit
hard, and there were also fears that the FTA may help China to
catch up technologically with South Korea at a faster rate.
Furthermore, there were worries that South Korea may become too
economically dependent upon China.
¶8. (SBU) The presenter said that there were two main
motivations behind Beijing's endorsement of the FTA between
China and South Korea. First, China wanted to establish Chinese
leadership/hegemony in Northeast Asia by drawing South Korea
into its sphere and increasing its influence in East Asia's
political economy. Second, China would like to eventually have
FTAs with the United States and European Union and was using the
FTA with South Korea as an experiment. Beijing was also
expecting that the FTA with South Korea would help to modernize
the Chinese economy. On Seoul's side, the presenter expected an
increase in the South Korean GDP and trade with China. For
specific industries, including automobiles, mechanical and
petrochemicals, the South Korea-China FTA was expected to be
beneficial, while damaging for the steel and textile industries.
The presenter expected the negotiations between Beijing and
Seoul to begin within the next five years.
¶9. (SBU) Relations between local governments and Korean
businesses varied. In Wuxi, where there was an algae outbreak
in May that polluted the water, companies were under significant
pressure to conserve water. Hynix Semiconductors (formerly a
part of the Hyundai Group), for instance, was blamed by the
local people for overusing water and causing pollution in the
area. The Lianyungang authorities began issuing warnings
against companies without sufficient wastewater treatment
facilities, and even forced some companies to move out. On the
other hand, South Korean companies in Yiwu launched an
environmental preservation movement which not only made the
Korean companies more popular in the region, but appeared in a
Beijing television program, improving the overall image of
Korean businesses in China. The Yancheng representative said
that the general image of Korean businesses and businesspersons
was so positive in Yancheng that the local government even put
up road signs in Korean. He was once caught speeding but the
policeman let him go without issuing a traffic ticket after he
found out that he was a Korean businessman. However, many
Korean businesspersons also damaged the reputation of Koreans in
China by reneging on business deals and fleeing China. Another
topic that came up was the issue of prostitution. The Chinese
police were on the alert about prostitution and several Korean
businessmen were jailed or deported from China because of
illegal activities.
--------------
Religious Life
--------------
¶10. (SBU) Religious activities were important for the South
Korean community, and have been growing despite the Chinese
government's wary attitude. There are three Buddhist, one
Catholic, and around 20 Protestant churches catering to the
South Korean population in Shanghai, and many expected that the
number of religious centers would continue to increase in the
near future. According to Mr. Jun, churches, temples and other
SHANGHAI 00000474 003 OF 005
religious centers were often the place where many South Koreans
socialize, and especially important for newcomers who often find
help at these places in adjusting to the new life in China.
Rev. Um said the Korean United Church, for example, was playing
a big role in the community by providing a place where Koreans
could gather together to cultivate national identity and carry
out cultural programs. The Korean United Church operates a
kindergarten as well, providing daycare services for young
children. He also mentioned that the Church played a role in
policing and providing advice to the deviant teenagers, and was
in fact a significant help to the Chinese police.
¶11. (SBU) The Korean United Church (Protestant) in the Minhang
district was the largest and the only officially recognized
South Korean church in Shanghai with around 3,500 regular
attendees. Rev. Um said that the first Protestant gathering was
in 1993, when a small group of families regularly got together
for services. This group grew to about 300 to 400 people by the
year 2000, and joined the Three-Self Patriotic Movement/China
Christian Council (TSPM/CCC), the official Protestant Church of
China, and conducted services under its supervision. There were
significant cultural differences between the TSPM/CCC and the
South Korean Protestant Church, and the TSPM/CCC often tried to
impose its standards on the South Korean Church. While the
South Korean Church regularly carried out late night or early
morning services and had many programs for children, the
TSPM/CCC Church did not have such programs nor did it understand
SIPDIS
them. In 2004, the South Korean church moved to a new building
for themselves, after winning a concession from the local
government and the TSPM/CCC that allowed them to conduct
services without TSPM/CCC input or representatives from the
TSPM/CCC.
SIPDIS
¶12. (SBU) In addition to the Korean United Church, there were
approximately 20 smaller Protestant groups gathered in groups of
families independent of the Korean United Church. Dr. Choi
BooDeuk, an architect and a representative of the South Korean
Catholic Church, said that there were about 1,500 registered
regular attendees and around 500 irregular attendees for the
South Korean Catholic Church. Unlike the South Korean
Protestants, the Catholic Church worked with the Chinese
Catholic Church in conducting their services. According to Mr.
Jun, there were three South Korean Buddhist temples in Shanghai
catering to the current few hundred -- but nevertheless rapidly
growing -- South Korean Buddhist population.
¶13. (SBU) All of the religious representatives noted that there
were ongoing missionary activities by South Korean missionaries
in China. However, they were reluctant to discuss this issue
and said that the missionaries' activities had little to do with
their operations. Missionaries came to China from abroad and
were not affiliated with the local churches. Mr. Jun said that
while he had heard of few cases of missionaries getting caught
by the Chinese authorities and being jailed or deported from
China in other provinces, he has not heard of any case in
Shanghai. Religious representatives also said that the Chinese
government had restricted them to cater only to the South Korean
population, and to exclude both the Korean-Chinese and North
Koreans from services.
¶14. (SBU) Although the South Korean protestant group was able
to get their own church and practice their faith with little
interference, tensions remained. Rev. Um mentioned that the
Protestants, for example, were still upset about the Chinese
government's policy of grouping all Protestants into one group,
arguing that there were often incompatible differences among the
different Protestant groups. However, religious representatives
noted that the situation had progressively improved and they
were hopeful for the future. Dr. Choi stated that the Chinese
government was troubled by the widespread materialistic
attitudes in society after the implementation of economic
reforms, and may utilize religions to reestablish moral values
in the society as other countries had done. He also mentioned
that the establishment of full diplomatic relations between
China and the Vatican, if it occurred, may also significantly
improve the religious situation in China.
---------
Education
---------
¶15. (U) Education was a big concern for South Koreans, and a
significant number came to Shanghai and its surrounding areas
just for study. The growing number of South Korean students in
China reflected increasing influence and importance of China and
SHANGHAI 00000474 004 OF 005
Chinese language in the world, especially to the geographically
proximate South Koreans. Although the measurements varied,
there were between some 6,000 to 8,500 South Korean students in
different colleges and universities in Shanghai. According to
the June 7 joint Korean Chamber of Commerce in East China
report, other cities in the region with significant Korean
college/university student population are Nanjing (1,000),
Suzhou (500) and Yiwu (200).
¶16. (SBU) According to Professor Sun Kezhi, an ethnic Han
Chinese scholar specializing in Korean history at Fudan
University, there are approximately 1,000 South Korean students
in Shanghai and the surrounding regions. Despite the large and
growing number of South Korean students at Fudan University,
South Korean students, in general, lagged behind their peers and
frequently did not attend class. Professor Sun opined that most
of the South Korean students at Fudan could not gain admission
to first-rate schools in South Korea but still wanted to go to a
big name school such as Fudan. It was relatively easy for
foreigners to gain admission to the Chinese universities.
Professor Sun said that while there were some South Korean
students who worked hard, they constituted a small minority.
The South Korean Students Union functioned largely as a social
club. The non-participating South Korean students were often
ostracized by their South Korean classmates, and those who did
participate often progressively lost their Chinese language
skills as they were surrounded by South Koreans and did not mix
with Chinese students. According to Sun, such trends among
South Korean students were observed by his colleagues teaching
in other colleges and universities in Shanghai and elsewhere.
¶17. (U) While most primary and secondary South Korean students
in Shanghai and surrounding areas were children of those who
came to China for business, there are also a few primary and
secondary school students who came by themselves to acquire
proficiency in Mandarin by living and attending school in China.
According to Mr. Lee Kil Hyun, the principle of the South
Korean school (grades 1 to 12), about one-third of South Korean
children attend the South Korean school and the remaining
two-thirds either attend local Chinese schools or other
international schools (including the American School). Mr. Lee
added that different schools offered different advantages. Many
students and parents choose the American or British school to
teach their children English and to send them off to colleges
and universities in the United States or the United Kingdom.
The Chinese schools offered an opportunity to gain fluency in
Mandarin. The South Korean school's appeal was the chance to
learn or retain Korean language skills and an opportunity to
gain admissions at South Korean colleges and universities.
There were also several weekend Korean language schools in
Shanghai and other cities for young children. However, as the
Zhangjiagang representative of the Korean Chamber of Commerce
mentioned, in areas where there are not many Koreans around,
like Zhangjiagang, many Korean children cannot speak Korean
because there are no Korean teachers or schools nearby.
¶18. (U) The South Korean school in Shanghai was among the 28
officially-recognized South Korean schools abroad. Nine of the
28 are located in China. The school, with more than 1,000
students, has grown significantly since it was established in
1999 with 43 students. There are currently 647 students in the
elementary division (grades 1 to 6), 180 in the middle division
(grades 7 to 9) and 248 in the high division (grades 10 to 12).
Because of rapidly increasing enrollment, the school just
finished constructing a new building complex and moved in last
year. The South Korean school caters exclusively to the South
Korean nationals and is an important community institution for
the South Koreans in Shanghai. Teachers mentioned that one goal
of the South Korean school was, due to China's rise in the
international scene and its growing relationship with South
Korea, to develop the South Korean students as the next
generation's China experts. Teachers also noted that many
students experienced confusion growing up in a foreign setting,
and the problem was amplified by the general lack of cultural
activities specifically for Korean students and advising by
trained adults.
--------------------------------
Korean Chinese and North Koreans
--------------------------------
¶19. (SBU) Although miniscule in number compared to their South
Korean counterparts, there reportedly are a small number of
North Koreans living in Shanghai and the surrounding areas. In
separate interviews on June 15 and 18, Gong Keyu, Yu Yingli and
SHANGHAI 00000474 005 OF 005
Xue Chen of the Shanghai Institute for International Studies
said that there are around seven North Korean restaurants in
Shanghai, and North Korean scholars and officials sometimes
visited Shanghai for research and exchange with their Chinese
counterparts. They noted that North Koreans always traveled in
groups in order to keep an eye on each other, and they were
difficult to contact. Professor Sun mentioned that while there
were some North Korean students studying in the Shanghai area
before, none remained after the economic reforms were
implemented, and this was also the case for other parts of
southern China. He said that there currently are some North
Korean students studying in Beijing and few other places in the
Northeast. None of the interviewees spoke of any real contacts
between North Koreans and South Koreans.
¶20. (SBU) All the interviewees spoke of Korean-Chinese as a
staunchly closed and distinct group which often stayed aloof
from both the South Korean and the Han Chinese communities. As
Chinese nationals, Korean-Chinese were not permitted to join
their South Korean counterparts in many educational and
religious programs exclusively designated for the South Korean
nationals. However, many Korean businesses and educational
institutions hired Korean-Chinese especially because of their
fluency in both the Korean and Mandarin languages. Professor
Sun mentioned that Korean-Chinese students and professors at
Fudan University tended to be a closed group with limited
interaction with either the Han Chinese or the South Koreans.
There was little cooperation between the History Department,
where Prof. Sun teaches Korean history, and the Korean language
program, which was completely dominated by the Korean-Chinese
scholars, because Korean-Chinese professors tended to be
uncooperative and did not want to work with Han Chinese scholars
in Korean Studies.
-------
Comment
-------
¶21. (SBU) While sharing many common problems and concerns with
other foreign communities living in Shanghai and surrounding
areas, the South Korean community nevertheless constituted a
unique group among the foreigners in Shanghai. One notable
difference was the physical distance between China and South
Korea, which is much less, when compared to Europe or the United
States. Shanghai is less than a two hour flight from Seoul,
making communication and travel relatively easy and convenient
for the South Koreans. In addition, the general perception
among Chinese of the South Koreans is different from their
perception of Westerners and the Japanese. In contrast to the
bitter historical memories the Chinese have towards the British,
French, German, Americans, Russians and the Japanese, South
Koreans are free from such historical "guilt" and resulting
suspicion that taints the other communities in the Chinese eyes.
According to Mr. Xue, "hallyu" or the "Korean culture wave" in
China has also influenced Chinese popular culture in important
ways and improved the overall image of South Koreans in China.
¶22. (SBU) The existence of a significant native Korean
population in China, some two million Korean-Chinese, mostly
concentrated in Northeast China but with a significant number in
Shanghai, who are mostly raised bilingual in both Korean and
Chinese cultures, is an important asset for the South Koreans.
Despite some tensions between Korean-Chinese and South Koreans,
Korean-Chinese have provided invaluable help for many South
Korean businesses with their language skills as well as their
knowledge and understanding of the Chinese society and culture.
Despite the long Cold War hiatus, the South Korean-China
relations have become increasingly important for both countries,
and the rapidly growing South Korean population in Shanghai and
elsewhere in China is testimony to such development.
SCHUCHAT