

Currently released so far... 51122 / 251,287
Articles
Brazil
Sri Lanka
United Kingdom
Sweden
00. Editorial
United States
Latin America
Egypt
Jordan
Yemen
Thailand
Browse latest releases
2010/12/01
2010/12/02
2010/12/03
2010/12/04
2010/12/05
2010/12/06
2010/12/07
2010/12/08
2010/12/09
2010/12/10
2010/12/11
2010/12/12
2010/12/13
2010/12/14
2010/12/15
2010/12/16
2010/12/17
2010/12/18
2010/12/19
2010/12/20
2010/12/21
2010/12/22
2010/12/23
2010/12/24
2010/12/25
2010/12/26
2010/12/27
2010/12/28
2010/12/29
2010/12/30
2011/01/01
2011/01/02
2011/01/04
2011/01/05
2011/01/07
2011/01/09
2011/01/11
2011/01/12
2011/01/13
2011/01/14
2011/01/15
2011/01/16
2011/01/17
2011/01/18
2011/01/19
2011/01/20
2011/01/21
2011/01/22
2011/01/23
2011/01/24
2011/01/25
2011/01/26
2011/01/27
2011/01/28
2011/01/29
2011/01/30
2011/01/31
2011/02/01
2011/02/02
2011/02/03
2011/02/04
2011/02/05
2011/02/06
2011/02/07
2011/02/08
2011/02/09
2011/02/10
2011/02/11
2011/02/12
2011/02/13
2011/02/14
2011/02/15
2011/02/16
2011/02/17
2011/02/18
2011/02/19
2011/02/20
2011/02/21
2011/02/22
2011/02/23
2011/02/24
2011/02/25
2011/02/26
2011/02/27
2011/02/28
2011/03/01
2011/03/02
2011/03/03
2011/03/04
2011/03/05
2011/03/06
2011/03/07
2011/03/08
2011/03/09
2011/03/10
2011/03/11
2011/03/13
2011/03/14
2011/03/15
2011/03/16
2011/03/17
2011/03/18
2011/03/19
2011/03/20
2011/03/21
2011/03/22
2011/03/23
2011/03/24
2011/03/25
2011/03/26
2011/03/27
2011/03/28
2011/03/29
2011/03/30
2011/03/31
2011/04/01
2011/04/02
2011/04/03
2011/04/04
2011/04/05
2011/04/06
2011/04/07
2011/04/08
2011/04/09
2011/04/10
2011/04/11
2011/04/12
2011/04/13
2011/04/14
2011/04/15
2011/04/16
2011/04/17
2011/04/18
2011/04/19
2011/04/20
2011/04/21
2011/04/22
2011/04/23
2011/04/24
2011/04/25
2011/04/26
2011/04/27
2011/04/28
2011/04/29
2011/04/30
2011/05/01
2011/05/02
2011/05/03
2011/05/04
2011/05/05
2011/05/06
2011/05/07
2011/05/08
2011/05/09
2011/05/10
2011/05/11
2011/05/12
2011/05/13
2011/05/14
2011/05/15
2011/05/16
2011/05/17
2011/05/18
2011/05/19
2011/05/20
2011/05/21
2011/05/22
2011/05/23
2011/05/24
2011/05/25
2011/05/26
2011/05/27
2011/05/28
2011/05/29
2011/05/30
2011/05/31
2011/06/01
2011/06/02
2011/06/03
2011/06/04
2011/06/05
2011/06/06
2011/06/07
2011/06/08
2011/06/09
2011/06/10
2011/06/11
2011/06/12
2011/06/13
2011/06/14
2011/06/15
2011/06/16
2011/06/17
2011/06/18
2011/06/19
2011/06/20
2011/06/21
2011/06/22
2011/06/23
2011/06/24
2011/06/25
2011/06/26
2011/06/27
2011/06/28
2011/06/29
2011/06/30
2011/07/01
2011/07/02
2011/07/04
2011/07/05
2011/07/06
2011/07/07
2011/07/08
2011/07/10
2011/07/11
2011/07/12
2011/07/13
2011/07/14
2011/07/15
2011/07/16
2011/07/17
2011/07/18
2011/07/19
2011/07/20
2011/07/21
2011/07/22
2011/07/23
2011/07/25
2011/07/27
2011/07/28
2011/07/29
2011/07/31
2011/08/01
2011/08/02
2011/08/03
2011/08/05
2011/08/06
2011/08/07
2011/08/08
2011/08/09
2011/08/10
2011/08/11
2011/08/12
2011/08/13
2011/08/15
2011/08/16
2011/08/17
2011/08/18
2011/08/19
2011/08/21
2011/08/22
2011/08/23
2011/08/24
Browse by creation date
Browse by origin
Embassy Athens
Embassy Asuncion
Embassy Astana
Embassy Asmara
Embassy Ashgabat
Embassy Apia
Embassy Antananarivo
Embassy Ankara
Embassy Amman
Embassy Algiers
Embassy Addis Ababa
Embassy Accra
Embassy Abuja
Embassy Abu Dhabi
Embassy Abidjan
Consulate Auckland
Consulate Amsterdam
Consulate Alexandria
Consulate Adana
American Institute Taiwan, Taipei
Embasy Bonn
Embassy Bujumbura
Embassy Buenos Aires
Embassy Budapest
Embassy Bucharest
Embassy Brussels
Embassy Bridgetown
Embassy Brazzaville
Embassy Bratislava
Embassy Brasilia
Embassy Bogota
Embassy Bishkek
Embassy Bern
Embassy Berlin
Embassy Belmopan
Embassy Belgrade
Embassy Beirut
Embassy Beijing
Embassy Banjul
Embassy Bangui
Embassy Bangkok
Embassy Bandar Seri Begawan
Embassy Bamako
Embassy Baku
Embassy Baghdad
Consulate Belfast
Consulate Barcelona
Embassy Cotonou
Embassy Copenhagen
Embassy Conakry
Embassy Colombo
Embassy Chisinau
Embassy Caracas
Embassy Canberra
Embassy Cairo
Consulate Curacao
Consulate Ciudad Juarez
Consulate Chiang Mai
Consulate Chennai
Consulate Chengdu
Consulate Casablanca
Consulate Cape Town
Consulate Calgary
Embassy Dushanbe
Embassy Dublin
Embassy Doha
Embassy Djibouti
Embassy Dili
Embassy Dhaka
Embassy Dar Es Salaam
Embassy Damascus
Embassy Dakar
DIR FSINFATC
Consulate Dusseldorf
Consulate Durban
Consulate Dubai
Consulate Dhahran
Embassy Guatemala
Embassy Grenada
Embassy Georgetown
Embassy Gaborone
Consulate Guayaquil
Consulate Guangzhou
Consulate Guadalajara
Embassy Helsinki
Embassy Harare
Embassy Hanoi
Consulate Hong Kong
Consulate Ho Chi Minh City
Consulate Hermosillo
Consulate Hamilton
Consulate Hamburg
Consulate Halifax
Embassy Kyiv
Embassy Kuwait
Embassy Kuala Lumpur
Embassy Kolonia
Embassy Kinshasa
Embassy Kingston
Embassy Kigali
Embassy Khartoum
Embassy Kathmandu
Embassy Kampala
Embassy Kabul
Consulate Krakow
Consulate Kolkata
Consulate Karachi
Embassy Luxembourg
Embassy Lusaka
Embassy Luanda
Embassy London
Embassy Lome
Embassy Ljubljana
Embassy Lisbon
Embassy Lima
Embassy Lilongwe
Embassy Libreville
Embassy La Paz
Consulate Leipzig
Consulate Lahore
Consulate Lagos
Mission USOSCE
Mission USNATO
Mission UNESCO
Mission Geneva
Embassy Muscat
Embassy Moscow
Embassy Montevideo
Embassy Monrovia
Embassy Mogadishu
Embassy Minsk
Embassy Mexico
Embassy Mbabane
Embassy Maseru
Embassy Maputo
Embassy Manila
Embassy Manama
Embassy Managua
Embassy Malabo
Embassy Madrid
Consulate Munich
Consulate Mumbai
Consulate Montreal
Consulate Monterrey
Consulate Milan
Consulate Merida
Consulate Melbourne
Consulate Matamoros
Consulate Marseille
Embassy Nouakchott
Embassy Nicosia
Embassy Niamey
Embassy New Delhi
Embassy Ndjamena
Embassy Nassau
Embassy Nairobi
Consulate Nuevo Laredo
Consulate Naples
Consulate Naha
Consulate Nagoya
Embassy Pristina
Embassy Pretoria
Embassy Praia
Embassy Prague
Embassy Port Of Spain
Embassy Port Moresby
Embassy Port Louis
Embassy Port Au Prince
Embassy Podgorica
Embassy Phnom Penh
Embassy Paris
Embassy Paramaribo
Embassy Panama
Consulate Peshawar
REO Hillah
REO Basrah
Embassy Rome
Embassy Riyadh
Embassy Riga
Embassy Reykjavik
Embassy Rangoon
Embassy Rabat
Consulate Rio De Janeiro
Consulate Recife
Secretary of State
Embassy Suva
Embassy Stockholm
Embassy Sofia
Embassy Skopje
Embassy Singapore
Embassy Seoul
Embassy Sarajevo
Embassy Santo Domingo
Embassy Santiago
Embassy Sanaa
Embassy San Salvador
Embassy San Jose
Consulate Surabaya
Consulate Strasbourg
Consulate St Petersburg
Consulate Shenyang
Consulate Shanghai
Consulate Sapporo
Consulate Sao Paulo
Embassy Tunis
Embassy Tripoli
Embassy Tokyo
Embassy Tirana
Embassy The Hague
Embassy Tel Aviv
Embassy Tehran
Embassy Tegucigalpa
Embassy Tbilisi
Embassy Tashkent
Embassy Tallinn
Consulate Toronto
Consulate Tijuana
Consulate Thessaloniki
USUN New York
USMISSION USTR GENEVA
USEU Brussels
US Office Almaty
US Mission Geneva
US Mission CD Geneva
US Interests Section Havana
US Delegation, Secretary
UNVIE
UN Rome
Embassy Ulaanbaatar
Embassy Vilnius
Embassy Vientiane
Embassy Vienna
Embassy Vatican
Embassy Valletta
Consulate Vladivostok
Consulate Vancouver
Browse by tag
AMGT
ASEC
AEMR
AR
APECO
AU
AORC
ADANA
AJ
AF
AFIN
AMED
AS
AM
ABLD
AFFAIRS
AMB
APER
ACOA
AND
AA
AE
AADP
AID
AO
AL
AG
AORD
ADM
AINF
AINT
ASEAN
AORG
ABT
APEC
AY
ASUP
ARF
AGOA
AVIAN
ATRN
ANET
AGIT
ASECVE
ABUD
AODE
ALOW
ADB
AN
ADPM
ASPA
ARABL
AFSN
AZ
AC
AIAG
AFSI
ASCE
ASIG
ACABQ
ADIP
AFGHANISTAN
AROC
ADCO
ACOTA
ANARCHISTS
AMEDCASCKFLO
AK
ARABBL
ASCH
ANTITERRORISM
AGRICULTURE
AOCR
ARR
ASSEMBLY
AORCYM
AFPK
ACKM
AGMT
AEC
APRC
AIN
AFPREL
ASFC
ASECTH
AFSA
AINR
AOPC
AFAF
AFARI
AX
ASECAF
ASECAFIN
AT
AFZAL
APCS
AGAO
AIT
ARCH
AEMRASECCASCKFLOMARRPRELPINRAMGTJMXL
AMEX
ARM
AQ
ATFN
AMBASSADOR
AORCD
AVIATION
ARAS
AINFCY
ACBAQ
AOPR
AREP
AOIC
ASEX
ASEK
AER
AGR
AMCT
AVERY
APR
AEMRS
AFU
AMG
ATPDEA
ASECKFRDCVISKIRFPHUMSMIGEG
AORL
ACS
AMCHAMS
AECL
AUC
ACAO
BA
BR
BB
BG
BEXP
BY
BRUSSELS
BU
BD
BTIO
BK
BL
BE
BMGT
BO
BM
BX
BN
BWC
BBSR
BTT
BC
BH
BILAT
BUSH
BHUM
BT
BTC
BMENA
BOND
BAIO
BP
BF
BRPA
BURNS
BUT
BBG
BCW
BOEHNER
BOL
BASHAR
BIDEN
BFIN
BZ
BEXPC
BTIU
CPAS
CA
CASC
CS
CBW
CIDA
CO
CODEL
CI
CROS
CU
CH
CWC
CMGT
CVIS
CDG
CTR
CG
CF
CHIEF
CJAN
CBSA
CE
CY
CB
CW
CM
CHR
CD
COE
CV
COUNTER
CT
CN
CPUOS
CTERR
CVR
CVPR
CDC
COUNTRY
CLEARANCE
CONS
COM
CACS
CR
CONTROLS
CAN
CACM
COMMERCE
CAMBODIA
CFIS
COUNTERTERRORISM
CITES
CONDOLEEZZA
CZ
CTBT
CEN
CLINTON
CFED
CARC
CTM
CARICOM
CSW
CICTE
CYPRUS
CBE
CMGMT
CARSON
CWCM
CIVS
COUNTRYCLEARANCE
CENTCOM
CAPC
COPUOS
CKGR
CITEL
CQ
CITT
CIC
CARIB
CVIC
CAFTA
CVISU
CDB
CEDAW
CNC
CJUS
COMMAND
CENTER
COL
CAJC
CONSULAR
CLMT
CBC
CIA
CNARC
CIS
CEUDA
CHINA
CAC
CL
DR
DJ
DEMOCRATIC
DEMARCHE
DOMESTIC
DISENGAGEMENT
DB
DA
DHS
DAO
DCM
DAVID
DO
DEAX
DEFENSE
DEA
DTRO
DPRK
DOC
DTRA
DK
DAC
DOD
DRL
DRC
DCG
DE
DOT
DEPT
DOE
DS
DKEM
ECON
ETTC
EFIS
ETRD
EC
EMIN
EAGR
EAID
EFIN
EUN
ECIN
EG
EWWT
EINV
ENRG
ELAB
EPET
EIND
EN
EAIR
EUMEM
ECPS
ES
EI
ELTN
ET
EZ
EU
ER
EINT
ENGR
ECONOMIC
ENIV
EFTA
ETRN
EMS
EUREM
EPA
ESTH
EEB
EET
ENV
EAG
EXIM
ECTRD
ELNT
ENVIRONMENT
ECA
EAP
EINDIR
ETR
ECONOMY
ETRC
ELECTIONS
EICN
EXPORT
EARG
EGHG
EID
ETRO
EINF
EAIDHO
ECIP
EENV
EURM
EPEC
ERNG
ENERG
EIAD
EXBS
ED
EREL
ELAM
EK
EWT
ENGRD
EDEV
ECE
ENGY
EXIMOPIC
ETRDEC
ECCT
EUR
ENRGPARMOTRASENVKGHGPGOVECONTSPLEAID
EFI
ECOSOC
EXTERNAL
ESCAP
ETCC
EENG
ERA
ENRD
ECLAC
ETRAD
EBRD
ENVR
ECONENRG
ELTNSNAR
ELAP
EPIT
EDUC
EAIDXMXAXBXFFR
EETC
EIVN
EDRC
EGOV
ETRA
EAIDRW
ETRDEINVECINPGOVCS
ESA
ETRDGK
ENVI
ELN
EPRT
EPTED
ERTD
EUM
EAIDS
EFINECONEAIDUNGAGM
EDU
EV
EAIDAF
EDA
EPREL
EINVEFIN
EAGER
ETMIN
EUCOM
ECCP
EIDN
EINVKSCA
ENNP
EFINECONCS
ETC
EAIRASECCASCID
EINN
ETRP
ECONOMICS
ENERGY
EIAR
EINDETRD
ECONEFIN
EURN
ETRDEINVTINTCS
EFIM
ETIO
EATO
EIPR
EINVETC
ETTD
ETDR
EIQ
ECONCS
ENRGIZ
EAIG
ENTG
EUC
ERD
EINVECONSENVCSJA
EEPET
EUNCH
ESENV
ECINECONCS
ETRDECONWTOCS
ECUN
FR
FI
FOREIGN
FARM
FIR
FAO
FK
FARC
FAS
FJ
FREEDOM
FAC
FINANCE
FBI
FTAA
FM
FCS
FAA
FORCE
FDA
FTA
FT
FCSC
FMGT
FINR
FIN
FDIC
FOR
FOI
FO
FMLN
FISO
GM
GERARD
GT
GA
GG
GR
GTIP
GH
GZ
GE
GB
GY
GAZA
GJ
GEORGE
GOI
GCC
GMUS
GI
GLOBAL
GV
GC
GL
GOV
GKGIC
GF
GWI
GIPNC
GUTIERREZ
GTMO
GANGS
GAERC
GUILLERMO
GASPAR
HR
HA
HYMPSK
HO
HK
HUMAN
HU
HN
HHS
HURI
HUD
HUMRIT
HUMANITARIAN
HUMANR
HL
HSTC
HILLARY
HCOPIL
HADLEY
HOURANI
HI
HUM
HEBRON
HUMOR
IZ
IN
IAEA
IS
IMO
ILO
IR
IC
IT
ITU
ID
IV
IMF
IBRD
IWC
ICAO
ICRC
INF
IO
IPR
ISO
IK
ISRAELI
IQ
ICES
IDB
INFLUENZA
IRAQI
ISCON
IGAD
IRAN
ITALY
IRAQ
ICTY
ICTR
ITPGOV
ITALIAN
IQNV
IADB
INTERNAL
INMARSAT
IRDB
ILC
INCB
INRB
ICJ
ISRAEL
INR
IEA
ISPA
ICCAT
IOM
ITRD
IHO
IL
IFAD
ITRA
IDLI
ISCA
INL
INRA
INTELSAT
ISAF
ISPL
IRS
IEF
ITER
INDO
IIP
IND
IEFIN
IACI
IAHRC
INNP
IA
INTERPOL
IFIN
ISSUES
IZPREL
IRAJ
IF
ITPHUM
ITA
IP
IRPE
IDA
ISLAMISTS
ITF
INRO
IBET
IDP
IRC
KMDR
KPAO
KOMC
KNNP
KFLO
KDEM
KSUM
KIPR
KFLU
KE
KCRM
KJUS
KAWC
KZ
KSCA
KDRG
KCOR
KGHG
KPAL
KTIP
KMCA
KCRS
KPKO
KOLY
KRVC
KVPR
KG
KWBG
KTER
KS
KN
KSPR
KWMN
KV
KTFN
KFRD
KU
KSTC
KSTH
KISL
KGIC
KSEP
KFIN
KTEX
KTIA
KUNR
KCMR
KCIP
KMOC
KTDB
KBIO
KBCT
KMPI
KSAF
KACT
KFEM
KPRV
KPWR
KIRC
KCFE
KRIM
KHIV
KHLS
KVIR
KNNNP
KCEM
KLIG
KIRF
KNUP
KSAC
KNUC
KPGOV
KTDD
KIDE
KOMS
KLFU
KNNC
KMFO
KSEO
KJRE
KJUST
KMRS
KSRE
KGIT
KPIR
KPOA
KUWAIT
KIVP
KICC
KSCS
KPOL
KSEAO
KRCM
KSCI
KNAP
KGLB
KICA
KCUL
KPRM
KFSC
KQ
KPOP
KPFO
KPALAOIS
KREC
KBWG
KR
KTTB
KNAR
KCOM
KESS
KINR
KOCI
KWN
KCSY
KREL
KTBT
KFTN
KW
KRFD
KFLOA
KHDP
KNEP
KIND
KHUM
KSKN
KOMO
KDRL
KTFIN
KSOC
KPO
KGIV
KSTCPL
KSI
KPRP
KFPC
KNNB
KNDP
KICCPUR
KFRDCVISCMGTCASCKOCIASECPHUMSMIGEG
KDMR
KFCE
KIMMITT
KMCC
KMNP
KSEC
KOMCSG
KGCC
KRAD
KCRP
KAUST
KWAWC
KCHG
KRDP
KPAS
KTIAPARM
KPAOPREL
KWGB
KIRP
KMIG
KLAB
KSEI
KHSA
KNPP
KPAONZ
KWWW
KGHA
KY
KCRIM
KCRCM
KGCN
KPLS
KIIP
KPAOY
KTRD
KTAO
KJU
KBTS
KWAC
KFIU
KNNO
KPAI
KILS
KPA
KRCS
KWBGSY
KNPPIS
KNNPMNUC
KNPT
KERG
KLTN
KPREL
KTLA
KO
KAWK
KVRP
KAID
KX
KENV
KWCI
KNPR
KCFC
KNEI
KFTFN
KTFM
KCERS
KDEMAF
KMEPI
KEMS
KBTR
KEDU
KIRL
KNNR
KMPT
KPDD
KPIN
KDEV
KFRP
KTBD
KMSG
KWWMN
KWBC
KA
KOM
KWNM
KFRDKIRFCVISCMGTKOCIASECPHUMSMIGEG
KRGY
KNNF
KICR
KIFR
KWMNCS
KPAK
KDDG
KCGC
KID
KNSD
KMPF
KWMM
MARR
MX
MASS
MOPS
MNUC
MCAP
MTCRE
MRCRE
MTRE
MASC
MY
MK
MG
MU
MILI
MO
MZ
MEPP
MCC
MEDIA
MOPPS
MI
MAS
MW
MP
MEPN
MV
MD
MR
MC
MCA
MT
MIL
MARITIME
MOPSGRPARM
MAAR
MOOPS
ML
MA
MN
MNUCPTEREZ
MTCR
MUNC
MPOS
MONUC
MGMT
MURRAY
MACP
MINUSTAH
MCCONNELL
MGT
MNUR
MF
MEPI
MOHAMMAD
MAR
MAPP
MNU
MFA
MTS
MLS
MEETINGS
MERCOSUR
MED
MNVC
MIK
MBM
MILITARY
MAPS
MARAD
MDC
MACEDONIA
MASSMNUC
MUCN
MQADHAFI
MPS
NZ
NATO
NI
NO
NU
NG
NL
NPT
NS
NA
NP
NASA
NSF
NEA
NANCY
NSG
NRR
NATIONAL
NMNUC
NC
NSC
NAS
NARC
NELSON
NATEU
NDP
NIH
NK
NIPP
NR
NERG
NSSP
NE
NTDB
NT
NEGROPONTE
NGO
NATOIRAQ
NAR
NZUS
NCCC
NH
NAFTA
NEW
NRG
NUIN
NOVO
NATOPREL
NV
NICHOLAS
NPA
NSFO
NW
NORAD
NPG
NOAA
OPRC
OPDC
OTRA
OECD
OVIP
OREP
ODC
OIIP
OAS
OSCE
OPIC
OMS
OFDP
OFDA
OEXC
OPCW
OIE
OSCI
OM
OPAD
ODPC
OIC
ODIP
OPPI
ORA
OCEA
OREG
OMIG
OFFICIALS
OSAC
OEXP
OPEC
OFPD
OAU
OCII
OIL
OVIPPRELUNGANU
OSHA
OPCD
OPCR
OF
OFDPQIS
OSIC
OHUM
OTR
OBSP
OGAC
OESC
OVP
ON
OES
OTAR
OCS
PREL
PGOV
PARM
PINR
PHUM
PM
PREF
PTER
PK
PINS
PBIO
PHSA
PE
PBTS
PA
PL
POL
PAK
POV
POLITICS
POLICY
PO
PRELTBIOBA
PKO
PIN
PNAT
PU
PGOVPREL
PALESTINIAN
PTERPGOV
PELOSI
PAS
PP
PTEL
PROP
PRELAF
PRHUM
PRE
PUNE
PIRF
PVOV
PROG
PERSONS
PROV
PKK
PRGOV
PH
PLAB
PDEM
PCI
PRL
PRM
PINSO
PERM
PETR
PPAO
PERL
PBS
PETERS
PRELBR
PCON
POLITICAL
PMIL
POLM
PKPA
PNUM
PLO
PTERM
PJUS
PARMP
PNIR
PHUMKPAL
PG
PREZ
PGIC
PAO
PROTECTION
PRELPK
PGOVENRG
PATTY
PSOC
PARTIES
PGOVEAIDUKNOSWGMHUCANLLHFRSPITNZ
PMIG
PAIGH
PARK
PETER
PHUS
PKPO
PGOVECON
POUS
PMAR
PWBG
PAR
PGOVGM
PHUH
PTE
PY
POLUN
PDOV
PGOVSOCI
PGOVPM
PRELEVU
PGOR
PBTSRU
PHUMA
PHUMR
PPD
PGV
PRAM
PARMS
PINL
PSI
PKPAL
PPA
PTERE
PGOF
PINO
PREO
PHAS
PAC
PRESL
PORG
PS
PGVO
PKFK
PSOE
PEPR
PINT
PRELP
PREFA
PNG
PTBS
PFOR
PGOVLO
PHUMBA
PREK
PHJM
POLINT
PGOVE
PHALANAGE
PARTY
PECON
PEACE
PROCESS
PLN
PEDRO
PF
PGPV
PCUL
PGGV
PSA
PGOVSMIGKCRMKWMNPHUMCVISKFRDCA
PGIV
PHUMPREL
POGOV
PEL
PBT
PAMQ
PINF
PSEPC
POSTS
PAHO
PHUMPGOV
PGOC
PNR
RS
RP
RU
RW
RFE
RCMP
RIGHTSPOLMIL
REFORM
RO
ROW
ROBERT
REACTION
REPORT
REGION
RELATIONS
RAY
ROBERTG
RIGHTS
RM
RATIFICATION
RREL
RBI
RICE
ROOD
REL
RODHAM
RGY
RUEHZO
RELIGIOUS
RELFREE
RUEUN
RELAM
RSP
RF
REO
REGIONAL
RUPREL
RI
REMON
RPEL
RSO
SCUL
SENV
SOCI
SZ
SNAR
SO
SP
SU
SY
SI
SMIG
SYR
SA
SW
SF
SR
SYRIA
SNARM
START
SPECIALIST
SG
SNIG
SCI
SGWI
SE
SIPDIS
SANC
SELAB
SN
SETTLEMENTS
SCIENCE
SENVENV
SENS
SPCE
SPAS
SECURITY
SENC
SOCIETY
SOSI
SENVEAGREAIDTBIOECONSOCIXR
SEN
SPECI
ST
SL
SENVCASCEAIDID
SC
SECRETARY
STR
SNA
SOCIS
SADC
SEP
SK
SHUM
SYAI
SMIL
STEPHEN
SNRV
SKCA
SENSITIVE
SECI
SCUD
SCRM
SGNV
SECTOR
SAARC
SENVSXE
SWMN
STEINBERG
SOPN
SOCR
SCRS
SWE
SARS
SNARIZ
SUDAN
SENVQGR
SAN
SM
SFNV
SSA
SPCVIS
SOFA
SCULKPAOECONTU
SENVKGHG
SHI
SEVN
SH
SNARCS
SNARN
SIPRS
TBIO
TW
TRGY
TSPA
TU
TPHY
TI
TX
TH
TIP
TSPL
TNGD
TZ
TS
TC
TK
TURKEY
TERRORISM
TPSL
TINT
TRSY
TERFIN
TPP
TT
TECHNOLOGY
TE
TAGS
TRAFFICKING
TJ
TN
TO
TD
TP
TREATY
TR
TA
TIO
TECH
TF
TRAD
TNDG
TWI
TPSA
TWL
TAUSCHER
TRBY
TL
TV
THPY
TSPAM
TREL
TRT
TNAR
TFIN
TWCH
THOMMA
THOMAS
TERROR
TRY
TBID
UK
UNESCO
UNSC
UNGA
UN
US
UZ
USEU
UG
UP
UNAUS
UNMIK
USTR
UY
USUN
UNEP
UNDC
UV
UNPUOS
UNSCR
USAID
UNODC
UNRCR
UNHCR
UNDP
UNCRIME
UA
UNHRC
UNRWA
UNO
UNCND
UNCHR
USAU
UNICEF
USPS
UNOMIG
UNESCOSCULPRELPHUMKPALCUIRXFVEKV
UR
UNFICYP
UNCITRAL
UNAMA
UNVIE
USTDA
USNC
UNCSD
USCC
UNEF
UNGAPL
USSC
UNMIC
UNTAC
UNCLASSIFIED
USDA
UNCTAD
USGS
UNFPA
UNSE
USOAS
UE
UAE
UNCHS
UNDESCO
UNC
UNSCS
UKXG
UNGACG
UNHR
UNBRO
UNCHC
UNFCYP
UNIDROIT
WHTI
WIPO
WTRO
WHO
WTO
WMO
WFP
WEET
WS
WE
WA
WHA
WBG
WILLIAM
WI
WSIS
WCL
WEBZ
WZ
WW
WWBG
WMD
WWT
WMN
WWARD
WITH
WTRQ
WCO
WEU
WB
WBEG
Browse by classification
Community resources
courage is contagious
Viewing cable 10TASHKENT27, Uzbekistan: From A to Zeromax \
If you are new to these pages, please read an introduction on the structure of a cable as well as how to discuss them with others. See also the FAQs
Understanding cables
Every cable message consists of three parts:
- The top box shows each cables unique reference number, when and by whom it originally was sent, and what its initial classification was.
- The middle box contains the header information that is associated with the cable. It includes information about the receiver(s) as well as a general subject.
- The bottom box presents the body of the cable. The opening can contain a more specific subject, references to other cables (browse by origin to find them) or additional comment. This is followed by the main contents of the cable: a summary, a collection of specific topics and a comment section.
Discussing cables
If you find meaningful or important information in a cable, please link directly to its unique reference number. Linking to a specific paragraph in the body of a cable is also possible by copying the appropriate link (to be found at theparagraph symbol). Please mark messages for social networking services like Twitter with the hash tags #cablegate and a hash containing the reference ID e.g. #10TASHKENT27.
Reference ID | Created | Released | Classification | Origin |
---|---|---|---|---|
10TASHKENT27 | 2010-01-20 11:23 | 2011-02-22 00:00 | CONFIDENTIAL | Embassy Tashkent |
Appears in these articles: http://www.letemps.ch/swiss_papers |
VZCZCXRO2796
RR RUEHAG RUEHBI RUEHCI RUEHDBU RUEHFL RUEHKW RUEHLA RUEHLH RUEHNP
RUEHPW RUEHROV RUEHSL RUEHSR
DE RUEHNT #0027/01 0201123
ZNY CCCCC ZZH
R 201123Z JAN 10
FM AMEMBASSY TASHKENT
TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC 1766
INFO ALL SOUTH AND CENTRAL ASIA COLLECTIVE
EUROPEAN POLITICAL COLLECTIVE
244365 2010-01-20 11:23:00 10TASHKENT27 Embassy Tashkent CONFIDENTIAL 07TASHKENT2029|07TASHKENT237|08TASHKENT1072|08TASHKENT153|09TASHKENT921 VZCZCXRO2796\
RR RUEHAG RUEHBI RUEHCI RUEHDBU RUEHFL RUEHKW RUEHLA RUEHLH RUEHNP\
RUEHPW RUEHROV RUEHSL RUEHSR\
DE RUEHNT #0027/01 0201123\
ZNY CCCCC ZZH\
R 201123Z JAN 10\
FM AMEMBASSY TASHKENT\
TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC 1766\
INFO ALL SOUTH AND CENTRAL ASIA COLLECTIVE\
EUROPEAN POLITICAL COLLECTIVE C O N F I D E N T I A L SECTION 01 OF 04 TASHKENT 000027 \
\
SIPDIS \
AMEMBASSY ASTANA PASS TO AMCONSUL ALMATY \
AMEMBASSY ANKARA PASS TO AMCONSUL ADANA \
AMEMBASSY BERLIN PASS TO AMCONSUL DUSSELDORF \
AMEMBASSY BERLIN PASS TO AMCONSUL LEIPZIG \
AMEMBASSY BELGRADE PASS TO AMEMBASSY PODGORICA \
AMEMBASSY HELSINKI PASS TO AMCONSUL ST PETERSBURG \
AMEMBASSY ATHENS PASS TO AMCONSUL THESSALONIKI \
AMEMBASSY MOSCOW PASS TO AMCONSUL VLADIVOSTOK \
AMEMBASSY MOSCOW PASS TO AMCONSUL YEKATERINBURG \
\
E.O. 12958: DECL: 2020/01/20 \
TAGS: ECON EPET UZ
SUBJECT: Uzbekistan: From A to Zeromax \
\
REF: 07 TASHKENT 237; 07 TASHKENT 2029; 08 TASHKENT 153 \
08 TASHKENT 1072; 09 TASHKENT 921 \
\
CLASSIFIED BY: Berliner,Nicholas, PolEcon-Chief; REASON: 1.4(B), (D) \
\
¶1. (SBU) Summary. Zeromax Gmbh (Zeromax) is a privately- owned, \
Swiss-registered company that operates in Uzbekistan through a \
series of joint ventures and investments in the oil and gas, \
mining, agriculture, textile, logistics and banking sectors. The \
company keeps a tight lid on all financial and ownership \
information. It is widely believed, however, that the company is \
controlled by Gulnara Karimova, the daughter of Uzbek President \
Islam Karimov, and a small number of Uzbek business people. Through \
its close government connections, Zeromax has positioned itself as \
a key player in Uzbekistan's highly lucrative natural resource \
sector and continues to expand into other areas of the Uzbek \
economy. End Summary. \
\
\
\
CLOSE CONNECTIONS TO UZBEK STATE GAS AGENCY \
\
\
\
¶2. (SBU) With proven natural gas reserves of 1.58 trillion cubic \
meters, Uzbekistan is the third largest natural gas producer in the \
former Soviet Union after Russia and Turkmenistan and one of the \
top ten natural gas-producing countries in the world. Uzbekistan \
also contains around 594 million barrels of proven oil reserves, \
and there are 190 discovered oil and natural gas fields in the \
country. The natural resource sector is strictly controlled by the \
Government of Uzbekistan (GOU). The GOU, however, relies on foreign \
firms to provide funds, equipment and expertise to help extract and \
export its resources. Uzbekneftegaz, a state-controlled national \
holding company, has responsibility for managing the sector, \
including supervising tender offers and other proposals for oil and \
gas concessions. (Note: Contract terms must be confirmed by the \
Uzbek Cabinet of Ministers, which has ultimate authority for \
granting licenses.) \
\
\
\
¶3. (SBU) Leveraging its unofficial government ties though Karimova \
and a small group of Uzbek powerbrokers, Zeromax has established \
several lucrative joint ventures (JVs) with Uzbekneftegaz and \
aligned itself with foreign investors who wish to tap into \
Uzbekistan's natural resource sector. The company began operations \
in Uzbekistan in 1999, securing natural resource concessions from \
the Uzbek state at highly advantageous terms. Now, Zeromax is \
involved in almost every aspect of the Uzbek oil and gas business: \
planning and engineering; exploration and production; construction \
of pipelines and other oil and gas infrastructures; and refining \
and retailing. By November 2007, Zeromax reportedly had invested \
approximately USD 400 million in the rehabilitation of Uzbekistan's \
industrial infrastructure, making it (at the time) the country's \
largest private foreign investor as well as its largest private \
sector employer. The same year it also sold a portion of its assets \
in Uzbekistan to Russia's Gazprom for a considerable profit. \
\
\
\
¶4. (SBU) As of December 2009, Zeromax has at least eight \
subsidiaries/JVs operating at various points along Uzbekistan's oil \
and gas supply chain. These entities include a fifty-fifty joint \
venture with the Uzbek state (Neftgaz Sanoat Loyiha) devoted to \
project engineering and a second Uzbek-Swiss JV (NefteGazMontaj) \
that designs and constructs pipelines. Zeromax is working on \
construction of the Uzbek portion of the new Turkmenistan-China \
pipeline in consortium with the China Petroleum Pipeline Bureau \
(CPP) and the China Petroleum Engineering & Construction \
Corporation (CPECC). Zeromax is also the dominant player in the \
retail gasoline industry, particularly high-grade octane, through \
its wholly-owned subsidiary, UzGazOil. UzGazOil operates 80 retail \
stations throughout Tashkent, Ferghana, and Karshi and controls \
approximately 70 percent of the retail gasoline market in these \
areas. \
\
TASHKENT 00000027 002 OF 004 \
\
\
THE SWISS LINK \
\
\
\
¶5. (SBU) Founded in 1999 under the name Zeromax LLC in Delaware, \
USA, Zeromax re-domiciled as a Swiss entity in the Zug Canton in \
2005 (now Zeromax GmbH), presumably to take advantage of the \
country's tax and finance laws. Other observers note that this move \
coincided with a downtown in U.S.- Uzbek relations following the \
U.S.'s condemnation of events in Andijon in May 2005. At this time, \
Karimova was also subject to an arrest warrant in the U.S. for \
refusing to obey a New Jersey court ruling granting her husband, an \
American-Afghan citizen, shared custody of their children. \
\
\
\
¶6. (SBU) Switzerland is now Uzbekistan's second biggest trading \
partner with export of natural gas comprising the largest part of \
Uzbek-Swiss trade. Zeromax is a main Swiss recipient of Uzbek \
currency receipts under a complicated gas export arrangement with a \
wholly-owned Swiss subsidiary of Gazprom Germania Gmbh called ZMB \
Schweiz, a natural gas trading company focused on the exploration, \
production and sale of hydrocarbons. The details of the \
arrangement remain unclear; it is known that Uzbekistan is the core \
market for ZMB Schweiz's gas purchase activities, and Zeromax is \
the key supplier. 2008 natural gas deliveries from Uzbekistan to \
ZMB Schweiz totaled 11.5 billion cubic meters, exceeding the \
previous year's figure by 26%. ZMB Schweiz's 2008 Annual Report \
notes that its plans to set new contractual arrangements for the \
purchase of natural gas in 2009 with Zeromax. As a private company, \
Zeromax is not required to make public detailed financial \
information. Zeromax has disclosed that its operating revenues and \
total assets (on a consolidated basis) have doubled each year since \
2006, reaching approximately USD 3 billion in revenue and assets \
for 2008, representative of about 10% of Uzbekistan's 2008 gross \
domestic product (USD 27.9 billion). \
\
\
\
¶7. (SBU) Officially, Zeromax's management team is headed by Miradil \
¶S. Djalalov, an Uzbek national with close ties to the Karimov \
family and Russian-Uzbek tycoon Alisher Usmonov. However, Zeromax \
is widely rumored to be controlled by Gulnara Karimova and is \
thought to account for a significant portion of the family's \
purported multimillion-dollar fortune. In September 2008, President \
Karimov appointed his daughter Permanent Representative to the \
United Nations in Geneva, which some observers have noted helps \
position her to wield greater control over Zeromax. There are \
reports that Karimova has recently taken on new duties as Uzbek \
Ambassador to Spain, although she continues to reside in \
Switzerland and remain accredited to the U.N. in Geneva. \
\
\
\
ZEROMAX'S MINING EMPIRE EXPANDS \
\
\
\
¶8. (SBU) Zeromax is active in the mining industry and does business \
thorough JV Bentonite, an Uzbek-Swiss company that is 74% \
Zeromax-owned with the remainder held by a subsidiary of \
Uzbekneftegaz. The company extracts and processes bentonite, a clay \
found predominately in the Navoi Region of Uzbekistan. Bentonite \
may be used in more than 200 consumer products, such as paint, \
textiles, soap, and cosmetics. Zeromax is also the general \
contractor for Almalyk Mining and Metallurgy Combine OJSC's (AGMK) \
ore and mining processing plant project at the Khandiza field in \
Kashkadarya. AGMK, a GOU-controlled entity, is the largest copper \
producer and exporter in Uzbekistan. It intends to launch ore \
mining and processing operations in Khandiza in the first half of \
¶2010. Zeromax began construction of the project in 2007. \
\
\
\
¶9. (C) In 2006, Zeromax became a strategic partner of Oxus Gold \
PLC, a company listed on the London Stock Exchange's Alternate \
\
TASHKENT 00000027 003 OF 004 \
\
\
Investment Market, by acquiring 16% of the company's share capital. \
Oxus is a 50 percent joint venture partner with the GOU in \
Amantaytau Gold Fields (AGF), a gold mining operation that is \
developing concessions in Uzbekistan's Tien Shan Gold Belt, which \
boasts the world's second largest gold reserves after South \
Africa's Witwatersrand Basin. Some observers assert Oxus Gold \
aligned itself with Zeromax after becoming weary of dealing with \
local corruption and cronyism and to settle a dubious tax charge of \
USD 225 million, which was dropped by the GOU following the deal. \
The marriage has reportedly been difficult from the beginning with \
confidential Embassy sources stating that Oxus Gold executives \
privately have expressed both professional and personal differences \
with Zeromax management. Zeromax purchased its holdings at GBP \
0.215 per share (about USD 0.35 at current exchange rates); with \
Oxus Gold currently trading at about GBP 0.09 per share and \
recording a 52-week high of GBP 0.15 per share, the Oxus Gold \
investment represents a significant paper investment loss for \
Zeromax. \
\
\
\
AND THERE'S MORE - AGRICULTURE & TEXTILES & LOGISTICS \
\
\
\
¶10. (SBU) Zeromax entered the agricultural sector in 2003 with the \
opening of a food processing plant and storage and distribution \
depot. The company has since expanded into cotton and wheat \
cultivation and cattle-breeding. In 2005, Zeromax acquired \
cultivation rights to more than 12,000 hectares of cotton-producing \
land and 15,000 hectares for wheat and other crops in Uzbekistan's \
Tashkent, Dzhizak and Syr Darya regions. All agricultural \
operations are consolidated under the subsidiary Muruvvat- \
Agrosanoat, which employs 3,000 fulltime workers and 9,000 seasonal \
workers. \
\
\
\
¶11. (SBU) In 2005, Zeromax also entered into textile production and \
manufacturing projects. Through its subsidiary Muruvvat-Teks, \
Zeromax operates six sewing factories, a Tashkent shopping mall, \
and a textile company in Khorezm region. To provide for efficient \
transit for its goods, Zeromax established Temiryul-Khizmat, a \
wholly-owned freight-forwarding subsidiary, in 2005. The company \
specializes in providing complex freight-forwarding services of \
valuable industrial equipment and other goods throughout the CIS. \
Other Zeromax assets include ownership of 64% of the "UzCable" \
factory, one of the larger cable producers in Central Asia; media \
businesses; and tourism. \
\
\
\
CURRENT U.S. CONNECTIONS \
\
\
\
¶12. (C) Despite re-domiciling in Switzerland, Zeromax continues to \
maintain close connections with certain members of the American \
business community. A U.S. citizen businessman now resident in \
Maryland was formerly President of and now serves as "Counselor" \
to Zeromax and as a member of the board of Oxus Gold. Zeromax is a \
major sponsor of the American-Uzbekistan Chamber of Commerce, which \
recently hosted the U.S.-Uzbekistan Investment Summit 2009 on \
October 8, 2009, in New York City. Elyor Ganiev, Deputy Prime \
Minister and Minister for Foreign Economic Relations, Investment \
and Trade and high-ranking figure, attended on behalf of the GOU. \
Another U.S. businessman claims that Zeromax, as part of a \
consortium with seven U.S. companies, will bid on Afghan transit \
business opportunities related to the Northern Distribution Network \
(NDN). \
\
\
\
QUESTIONABLE BUSINESS PRACTICES \
\
\
\
¶14. (SBU) There have been reports that the Uzbek state has used its \
\
TASHKENT 00000027 004 OF 004 \
\
\
power in support of Karimova's private business interests, allowing \
her to bully competitors and to channel additional assets into \
personal entities such as Zeromax. In a lawsuit filed in federal \
court in Houston in 2007, a Texas-based tea company that operated \
in the Uzbek packaged tea market sued its insurer for failing to \
pay out on extortion and kidnap coverage after Karimova allegedly \
used her influence with the government to drive the company out of \
the country, even arresting or threatening to arrest company \
employees to force them to sign over assets. \
\
\
\
¶15. (SBU) New Jersey-based Roz Trading Ltd. (ROZ), a company owned \
by Karimova's former in-laws - the Maqsudi family, brought a series \
of claims against Zeromax for unlawful conspiracy and \
misappropriation of its ownership interest in a joint venture in \
the soft drink industry in Uzbekistan. According to ROZ, following \
Karimova's divorce from Mansur Maqsudi, the GOU, on behalf of \
Karimova, seized ownership of Roz's assets in Coca-Cola Bottlers of \
Uzbekistan (CCBU) on the grounds that ROZ had failed to comply with \
tax and anti-monopoly regulations. Through a series of "sham \
proceedings," the GOU sold Roz's assets to Zeromax. Claims against \
Zeromax in the U.S. were dismissed due to lack of jurisdiction. In \
related arbitration initiated by ROZ at the International Arbitral \
Centre of the Austrian Federal Economic Chamber, the arbitral \
tribunal terminated the proceedings as to Zeromax Group, Inc. - the \
dissolved former affiliate of Zeromax, and the only Zeromax entity \
named as a defendant in the arbitration. \
\
\
\
Comment \
\
\
\
¶16. (C) Despite a lack of concrete data regarding its operations, \
Zeromax is widely perceived to be a powerful and not necessarily \
benign force in Uzbekistan's economy. Its expansion from the oil \
and gas industry and mining industry into other areas of the Uzbek \
economy means most international companies seeking to operate in \
Uzbekistan may find themselves engaging in business with \
Zeromax-related entities. The Embassy's message to those proposing \
to enter into business arrangements with Zeromax or its affiliates \
is to carry out full due diligence. We are not saying "don't do \
business with Zeromax" because such a stance may not be legally \
justified or sustainable in practice. However, any business \
arrangements should be entered into with open eyes, and the Embassy \
is prepared to advise and try to assist any American company that \
feels subjected to aggressive business tactics in Uzbekistan. \
NORLAND \