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Viewing cable 09KABUL409, HELMAND SIX MONTH UPDATE - GOVERNANCE IMPROVES DESPITE
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Reference ID | Created | Released | Classification | Origin |
---|---|---|---|---|
09KABUL409 | 2009-02-25 11:49 | 2011-08-24 01:00 | UNCLASSIFIED//FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY | Embassy Kabul |
VZCZCXRO1882
RR RUEHDBU RUEHPW
DE RUEHBUL #0409/01 0561149
ZNR UUUUU ZZH
R 251149Z FEB 09
FM AMEMBASSY KABUL
TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC 7493
INFO RUCNAFG/AFGHANISTAN COLLECTIVE
UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 03 KABUL 000409
DEPARTMENT FOR SCA/FO, SCA/A, EUR/RPM
STATE PASS TO AID FOR ASIA/SCAA
NSC FOR WOOD
OSD FOR WILKES
CG CJTF-101 POLAD
SENSITIVE
SIPDIS
E.O. 12958: N/A
TAGS: PREL PGOV PTER PINR AF
SUBJECT: HELMAND SIX MONTH UPDATE - GOVERNANCE IMPROVES DESPITE
SECURITY AND POLITICAL CHALLENGES
Summary
-------
¶1. (SBU) Helmand remains one of the most violent provinces in
Afghanistan but the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF)
and Afghan security forces continue to expand security across the
province. The Governor Mangal overcame strong political challenges
from Helmand powerbrokers and governance made steady progress under
his direction. The Provincial Council (PC) improved its work and
supported efforts to build governance capacity. Enemy Forces (EFs)
were pushed away from Garmsir, Gereshk and Musa Qala district
centers and the Nad Ali district was returned to government control.
Freedom of movement has improved for local residents but those
working for the government or ISAF continue to face significant
security challenges. During this reporting period, numerous
development projects progressed and several large government and
security projects were completed. The governor strongly supported
counter narcotics efforts and his Food Zone program eventually
enrolled over 33,000 farmers into wheat production and away from
poppy.
Security
--------
¶2. (SBU) Helmand province saw extensive fighting throughout the
reporting period and EFs overcame local police elements to establish
a strong presence in the Nad Ali District, located just west of
Lashkar Gah. EFs used this area as a staging area and launched
several unsuccessful attacks against Lashkar Gah in October 2008.
ISAF and Afghan security forces performed well together and
inflicted a serious defeat on EFs. In December 2008, ISAF and
Afghan forces launched a large-scale operation, pushed EFs out of
Nad Ali and began stabilization efforts immediately. EFs continue
to engage security forces in the area and appear determined to
maintain a presence in the district.
¶3. (SBU) In Garmsir, Gershk and Lashkar Gah there was a noticeable
reduction in enemy activity, and security around these cities has
improved. Residents have more freedom of movement and the economies
of these areas have improved. The Musa Qala district remains
kinetically active but the district center is stable and the Afghan
police have assumed greater responsibility for city security.
Sangin remains a large security challenge, and the removal of the
U.S. Marines in October 2008 has hampered stabilization activities.
EFs remain close to the district center and regularly engage the
ISAF forces based there. The provincial and district leadership
continue to lobby for additional Afghan Army forces to help improve
the situation but none have been deployed to the area. Without
sizeable Afghan Army reinforcements, the security situation in and
around Sangin will remain stalemated.
Political
---------
¶4. (SBU) During the second half of 2008, Governor Mangal came under
intense political pressure from former and current members of the
Afghan Government. Former governor Sher Mohammed Akunzada (SMA),
who is now a senator, and former Helmand chief of police, Abdul
Rhaman Jan (ARJ), joined forces to try to undermine Mangal's
administration. Each maintains a support base in Helmand and used
these elements to lobby Kabul for Mangal's removal. The collapse of
local security forces in Nad Ali was directly attributed to the
SMA/ARJ network and the organization tried to stir up public
opposition to ongoing ISAF operations. Following several incidents
where civilian casualties resulted from clearance operations, the
organization falsified casualty figures and used this information to
try to unseat Mangal. On other occasions, the group spread rumors
Mangal had fled Helmand and had resigned his position.
¶5. (SBU) Throughout this political assault, Mangal waged an
aggressive media campaign to defend his reform initiatives, and he
initiated a sustained public outreach campaign. From August 2008
through January 2009, Mangal regularly visited district centers with
members of the Provincial Council and various line directors. He
successfully used these events to speak to thousands of Helmand
residents and often organized large media events to initiate new
development projects and celebrate the completion of others. These
well-crafted visits built political momentum for his administration
and won over Helmand residents. These twin initiatives combined
with excellent political support from the PRT allowed Mangal to
overcome the political challenges, and he has now set himself as the
dominant political force in Helmand province.
Governance
KABUL 00000409 002 OF 003
----------
¶6. (SBU) The Helmand provincial government continues to be largely
ineffective, but the Helmand directors of Health and Education
improved their operations and increased delivery of services. The
PC celebrated the opening of their new office/shura hall in October
2008 and this facility has improved the group's operations. They
are now holding regular meetings with their constituents and the
shura hall is the preferred venue for the large outreach shuras
organized by the governor and the PC. Over the past several months,
the PC leadership has become more assertive and is beginning to
organize additional outreach events. They now ask for detailed
briefings from the PRT on security and development issues and their
regular attendance at shuras in the districts has raised the group's
profile.
¶7. (SBU) Mangal has tried unsuccessfully to remove multiple Helmand
line directors, but told PRTOFF that many of these officials have
strong political protection in Kabul and their removal is not
possible. On several occasions, he has tried to fire the directors
of Agriculture and Rural Rehabilitation and Development but said he
cannot generate the political support from Kabul to replace them.
At the district level, the governor has replaced the district
administrators of Gereshk, Kajaki and Sangin with positive results.
The new district administrators were selected with support from the
local communities and all have worked well to improve security in
their areas. They also played key roles in the voter registration
process, ensuring the effort was initiated and well protected for
the duration.
Development
-----------
¶8. (SBU) During the reporting period development efforts continued
across central Helmand, and several important projects were
completed and other ventures initiated. Construction of the Bost
Airfield facility is advancing well - and when completed this spring
- will significantly improve civil aviation and support expanded
agricultural exports. The completion of the provincial council
building and the provincial police headquarters has significantly
increased the capacity of both the local government and law
enforcement community. Both opening events were major political
opportunities for the governor and left a clear impression on local
residents that large-scale development will progress in Helmand.
All development initiatives in Helmand received significant support
from Mangal and district leadership. The PRT found itself under
regular pressure from Helmand officials to push forward road and
power projects. Even in the less secure areas, there is a sense of
urgency to move development projects along as quickly as possible.
Counter Narcotics
-----------------
¶9. (SBU) In the last six months, Helmand residents witnessed
Governor Mangal wage a daily assault against the Helmand narcotics
industry. At every public and private venue, Mangal and his staff
hammered away at the drug trade and on numerous occasions publicly
shamed leading narcotic industry figures. His consistent message
that drug production is the root of corruption and poor security in
the province found a receptive audience within a large portion of
the Helmand population. Governor Mangal organized large media
events to announce the start of Poppy Eradication Force (PEF) and
Governor-led Eradication (GLE) operations in the province, and
staged several large drug burns with media representatives on hand
to ensure his message of zero tolerance for poppy reached well
beyond Helmand province.
¶10. (SBU) Mangal combined his zero tolerance for drug production
with strong support for alternative livelihood programs. He
received excellent support from USAID and the UK Department for
International Development (DFID) to help launch the Food Zone
program that provided high quality wheat seed and fertilizer to
almost 33,000 Helmand farmers. This unprecedented effort was
intended to encourage farmers to return to traditional agriculture
and was a direct shot at the narco-barons who use their drug revenue
to destabilize Helmand. The Food Zone program was a strong example
of provincial authorities listening to their residents and
developing a plan with the support of the development agencies at
the PRT. If the Food Zone program helps reduce poppy cultivation,
there will be requests to continue this effort.
Comment
-------
KABUL 00000409 003 OF 003
¶11. (SBU) Security, development and governance improved in Helmand
province despite the severe political and military challenges.
Governor Mangal dominated Helmand political events and he astutely
outmaneuvered his political opposition, leaving them in much weaker
positions. Mangal has tremendous ambitions for his administration
and he is already pushing the U.S., UK and Danish missions to
deliver more military and development support. He is determined to
bring the rest of the Helmand districts under government control and
he wants to deliver large-scale development projects that he can use
to strengthen his political position.
DELL