

Currently released so far... 51122 / 251,287
Articles
Brazil
Sri Lanka
United Kingdom
Sweden
00. Editorial
United States
Latin America
Egypt
Jordan
Yemen
Thailand
Browse latest releases
2010/12/01
2010/12/02
2010/12/03
2010/12/04
2010/12/05
2010/12/06
2010/12/07
2010/12/08
2010/12/09
2010/12/10
2010/12/11
2010/12/12
2010/12/13
2010/12/14
2010/12/15
2010/12/16
2010/12/17
2010/12/18
2010/12/19
2010/12/20
2010/12/21
2010/12/22
2010/12/23
2010/12/24
2010/12/25
2010/12/26
2010/12/27
2010/12/28
2010/12/29
2010/12/30
2011/01/01
2011/01/02
2011/01/04
2011/01/05
2011/01/07
2011/01/09
2011/01/11
2011/01/12
2011/01/13
2011/01/14
2011/01/15
2011/01/16
2011/01/17
2011/01/18
2011/01/19
2011/01/20
2011/01/21
2011/01/22
2011/01/23
2011/01/24
2011/01/25
2011/01/26
2011/01/27
2011/01/28
2011/01/29
2011/01/30
2011/01/31
2011/02/01
2011/02/02
2011/02/03
2011/02/04
2011/02/05
2011/02/06
2011/02/07
2011/02/08
2011/02/09
2011/02/10
2011/02/11
2011/02/12
2011/02/13
2011/02/14
2011/02/15
2011/02/16
2011/02/17
2011/02/18
2011/02/19
2011/02/20
2011/02/21
2011/02/22
2011/02/23
2011/02/24
2011/02/25
2011/02/26
2011/02/27
2011/02/28
2011/03/01
2011/03/02
2011/03/03
2011/03/04
2011/03/05
2011/03/06
2011/03/07
2011/03/08
2011/03/09
2011/03/10
2011/03/11
2011/03/13
2011/03/14
2011/03/15
2011/03/16
2011/03/17
2011/03/18
2011/03/19
2011/03/20
2011/03/21
2011/03/22
2011/03/23
2011/03/24
2011/03/25
2011/03/26
2011/03/27
2011/03/28
2011/03/29
2011/03/30
2011/03/31
2011/04/01
2011/04/02
2011/04/03
2011/04/04
2011/04/05
2011/04/06
2011/04/07
2011/04/08
2011/04/09
2011/04/10
2011/04/11
2011/04/12
2011/04/13
2011/04/14
2011/04/15
2011/04/16
2011/04/17
2011/04/18
2011/04/19
2011/04/20
2011/04/21
2011/04/22
2011/04/23
2011/04/24
2011/04/25
2011/04/26
2011/04/27
2011/04/28
2011/04/29
2011/04/30
2011/05/01
2011/05/02
2011/05/03
2011/05/04
2011/05/05
2011/05/06
2011/05/07
2011/05/08
2011/05/09
2011/05/10
2011/05/11
2011/05/12
2011/05/13
2011/05/14
2011/05/15
2011/05/16
2011/05/17
2011/05/18
2011/05/19
2011/05/20
2011/05/21
2011/05/22
2011/05/23
2011/05/24
2011/05/25
2011/05/26
2011/05/27
2011/05/28
2011/05/29
2011/05/30
2011/05/31
2011/06/01
2011/06/02
2011/06/03
2011/06/04
2011/06/05
2011/06/06
2011/06/07
2011/06/08
2011/06/09
2011/06/10
2011/06/11
2011/06/12
2011/06/13
2011/06/14
2011/06/15
2011/06/16
2011/06/17
2011/06/18
2011/06/19
2011/06/20
2011/06/21
2011/06/22
2011/06/23
2011/06/24
2011/06/25
2011/06/26
2011/06/27
2011/06/28
2011/06/29
2011/06/30
2011/07/01
2011/07/02
2011/07/04
2011/07/05
2011/07/06
2011/07/07
2011/07/08
2011/07/10
2011/07/11
2011/07/12
2011/07/13
2011/07/14
2011/07/15
2011/07/16
2011/07/17
2011/07/18
2011/07/19
2011/07/20
2011/07/21
2011/07/22
2011/07/23
2011/07/25
2011/07/27
2011/07/28
2011/07/29
2011/07/31
2011/08/01
2011/08/02
2011/08/03
2011/08/05
2011/08/06
2011/08/07
2011/08/08
2011/08/09
2011/08/10
2011/08/11
2011/08/12
2011/08/13
2011/08/15
2011/08/16
2011/08/17
2011/08/18
2011/08/19
2011/08/21
2011/08/22
2011/08/23
2011/08/24
Browse by creation date
Browse by origin
Embassy Athens
Embassy Asuncion
Embassy Astana
Embassy Asmara
Embassy Ashgabat
Embassy Apia
Embassy Antananarivo
Embassy Ankara
Embassy Amman
Embassy Algiers
Embassy Addis Ababa
Embassy Accra
Embassy Abuja
Embassy Abu Dhabi
Embassy Abidjan
Consulate Auckland
Consulate Amsterdam
Consulate Alexandria
Consulate Adana
American Institute Taiwan, Taipei
Embasy Bonn
Embassy Bujumbura
Embassy Buenos Aires
Embassy Budapest
Embassy Bucharest
Embassy Brussels
Embassy Bridgetown
Embassy Brazzaville
Embassy Bratislava
Embassy Brasilia
Embassy Bogota
Embassy Bishkek
Embassy Bern
Embassy Berlin
Embassy Belmopan
Embassy Belgrade
Embassy Beirut
Embassy Beijing
Embassy Banjul
Embassy Bangui
Embassy Bangkok
Embassy Bandar Seri Begawan
Embassy Bamako
Embassy Baku
Embassy Baghdad
Consulate Belfast
Consulate Barcelona
Embassy Cotonou
Embassy Copenhagen
Embassy Conakry
Embassy Colombo
Embassy Chisinau
Embassy Caracas
Embassy Canberra
Embassy Cairo
Consulate Curacao
Consulate Ciudad Juarez
Consulate Chiang Mai
Consulate Chennai
Consulate Chengdu
Consulate Casablanca
Consulate Cape Town
Consulate Calgary
Embassy Dushanbe
Embassy Dublin
Embassy Doha
Embassy Djibouti
Embassy Dili
Embassy Dhaka
Embassy Dar Es Salaam
Embassy Damascus
Embassy Dakar
DIR FSINFATC
Consulate Dusseldorf
Consulate Durban
Consulate Dubai
Consulate Dhahran
Embassy Guatemala
Embassy Grenada
Embassy Georgetown
Embassy Gaborone
Consulate Guayaquil
Consulate Guangzhou
Consulate Guadalajara
Embassy Helsinki
Embassy Harare
Embassy Hanoi
Consulate Hong Kong
Consulate Ho Chi Minh City
Consulate Hermosillo
Consulate Hamilton
Consulate Hamburg
Consulate Halifax
Embassy Kyiv
Embassy Kuwait
Embassy Kuala Lumpur
Embassy Kolonia
Embassy Kinshasa
Embassy Kingston
Embassy Kigali
Embassy Khartoum
Embassy Kathmandu
Embassy Kampala
Embassy Kabul
Consulate Krakow
Consulate Kolkata
Consulate Karachi
Embassy Luxembourg
Embassy Lusaka
Embassy Luanda
Embassy London
Embassy Lome
Embassy Ljubljana
Embassy Lisbon
Embassy Lima
Embassy Lilongwe
Embassy Libreville
Embassy La Paz
Consulate Leipzig
Consulate Lahore
Consulate Lagos
Mission USOSCE
Mission USNATO
Mission UNESCO
Mission Geneva
Embassy Muscat
Embassy Moscow
Embassy Montevideo
Embassy Monrovia
Embassy Mogadishu
Embassy Minsk
Embassy Mexico
Embassy Mbabane
Embassy Maseru
Embassy Maputo
Embassy Manila
Embassy Manama
Embassy Managua
Embassy Malabo
Embassy Madrid
Consulate Munich
Consulate Mumbai
Consulate Montreal
Consulate Monterrey
Consulate Milan
Consulate Merida
Consulate Melbourne
Consulate Matamoros
Consulate Marseille
Embassy Nouakchott
Embassy Nicosia
Embassy Niamey
Embassy New Delhi
Embassy Ndjamena
Embassy Nassau
Embassy Nairobi
Consulate Nuevo Laredo
Consulate Naples
Consulate Naha
Consulate Nagoya
Embassy Pristina
Embassy Pretoria
Embassy Praia
Embassy Prague
Embassy Port Of Spain
Embassy Port Moresby
Embassy Port Louis
Embassy Port Au Prince
Embassy Podgorica
Embassy Phnom Penh
Embassy Paris
Embassy Paramaribo
Embassy Panama
Consulate Peshawar
REO Hillah
REO Basrah
Embassy Rome
Embassy Riyadh
Embassy Riga
Embassy Reykjavik
Embassy Rangoon
Embassy Rabat
Consulate Rio De Janeiro
Consulate Recife
Secretary of State
Embassy Suva
Embassy Stockholm
Embassy Sofia
Embassy Skopje
Embassy Singapore
Embassy Seoul
Embassy Sarajevo
Embassy Santo Domingo
Embassy Santiago
Embassy Sanaa
Embassy San Salvador
Embassy San Jose
Consulate Surabaya
Consulate Strasbourg
Consulate St Petersburg
Consulate Shenyang
Consulate Shanghai
Consulate Sapporo
Consulate Sao Paulo
Embassy Tunis
Embassy Tripoli
Embassy Tokyo
Embassy Tirana
Embassy The Hague
Embassy Tel Aviv
Embassy Tehran
Embassy Tegucigalpa
Embassy Tbilisi
Embassy Tashkent
Embassy Tallinn
Consulate Toronto
Consulate Tijuana
Consulate Thessaloniki
USUN New York
USMISSION USTR GENEVA
USEU Brussels
US Office Almaty
US Mission Geneva
US Mission CD Geneva
US Interests Section Havana
US Delegation, Secretary
UNVIE
UN Rome
Embassy Ulaanbaatar
Embassy Vilnius
Embassy Vientiane
Embassy Vienna
Embassy Vatican
Embassy Valletta
Consulate Vladivostok
Consulate Vancouver
Browse by tag
AMGT
ASEC
AEMR
AR
APECO
AU
AORC
ADANA
AJ
AF
AFIN
AMED
AS
AM
ABLD
AFFAIRS
AMB
APER
ACOA
AND
AA
AE
AADP
AID
AO
AL
AG
AORD
ADM
AINF
AINT
ASEAN
AORG
ABT
APEC
AY
ASUP
ARF
AGOA
AVIAN
ATRN
ANET
AGIT
ASECVE
ABUD
AODE
ALOW
ADB
AN
ADPM
ASPA
ARABL
AFSN
AZ
AC
AIAG
AFSI
ASCE
ASIG
ACABQ
ADIP
AFGHANISTAN
AROC
ADCO
ACOTA
ANARCHISTS
AMEDCASCKFLO
AK
ARABBL
ASCH
ANTITERRORISM
AGRICULTURE
AOCR
ARR
ASSEMBLY
AORCYM
AFPK
ACKM
AGMT
AEC
APRC
AIN
AFPREL
ASFC
ASECTH
AFSA
AINR
AOPC
AFAF
AFARI
AX
ASECAF
ASECAFIN
AT
AFZAL
APCS
AGAO
AIT
ARCH
AEMRASECCASCKFLOMARRPRELPINRAMGTJMXL
AMEX
ARM
AQ
ATFN
AMBASSADOR
AORCD
AVIATION
ARAS
AINFCY
ACBAQ
AOPR
AREP
AOIC
ASEX
ASEK
AER
AGR
AMCT
AVERY
APR
AEMRS
AFU
AMG
ATPDEA
ASECKFRDCVISKIRFPHUMSMIGEG
AORL
ACS
AMCHAMS
AECL
AUC
ACAO
BA
BR
BB
BG
BEXP
BY
BRUSSELS
BU
BD
BTIO
BK
BL
BE
BMGT
BO
BM
BX
BN
BWC
BBSR
BTT
BC
BH
BILAT
BUSH
BHUM
BT
BTC
BMENA
BOND
BAIO
BP
BF
BRPA
BURNS
BUT
BBG
BCW
BOEHNER
BOL
BASHAR
BIDEN
BFIN
BZ
BEXPC
BTIU
CPAS
CA
CASC
CS
CBW
CIDA
CO
CODEL
CI
CROS
CU
CH
CWC
CMGT
CVIS
CDG
CTR
CG
CF
CHIEF
CJAN
CBSA
CE
CY
CB
CW
CM
CHR
CD
COE
CV
COUNTER
CT
CN
CPUOS
CTERR
CVR
CVPR
CDC
COUNTRY
CLEARANCE
CONS
COM
CACS
CR
CONTROLS
CAN
CACM
COMMERCE
CAMBODIA
CFIS
COUNTERTERRORISM
CITES
CONDOLEEZZA
CZ
CTBT
CEN
CLINTON
CFED
CARC
CTM
CARICOM
CSW
CICTE
CYPRUS
CBE
CMGMT
CARSON
CWCM
CIVS
COUNTRYCLEARANCE
CENTCOM
CAPC
COPUOS
CKGR
CITEL
CQ
CITT
CIC
CARIB
CVIC
CAFTA
CVISU
CDB
CEDAW
CNC
CJUS
COMMAND
CENTER
COL
CAJC
CONSULAR
CLMT
CBC
CIA
CNARC
CIS
CEUDA
CHINA
CAC
CL
DR
DJ
DEMOCRATIC
DEMARCHE
DOMESTIC
DISENGAGEMENT
DB
DA
DHS
DAO
DCM
DAVID
DO
DEAX
DEFENSE
DEA
DTRO
DPRK
DOC
DTRA
DK
DAC
DOD
DRL
DRC
DCG
DE
DOT
DEPT
DOE
DS
DKEM
ECON
ETTC
EFIS
ETRD
EC
EMIN
EAGR
EAID
EFIN
EUN
ECIN
EG
EWWT
EINV
ENRG
ELAB
EPET
EIND
EN
EAIR
EUMEM
ECPS
ES
EI
ELTN
ET
EZ
EU
ER
EINT
ENGR
ECONOMIC
ENIV
EFTA
ETRN
EMS
EUREM
EPA
ESTH
EEB
EET
ENV
EAG
EXIM
ECTRD
ELNT
ENVIRONMENT
ECA
EAP
EINDIR
ETR
ECONOMY
ETRC
ELECTIONS
EICN
EXPORT
EARG
EGHG
EID
ETRO
EINF
EAIDHO
ECIP
EENV
EURM
EPEC
ERNG
ENERG
EIAD
EXBS
ED
EREL
ELAM
EK
EWT
ENGRD
EDEV
ECE
ENGY
EXIMOPIC
ETRDEC
ECCT
EUR
ENRGPARMOTRASENVKGHGPGOVECONTSPLEAID
EFI
ECOSOC
EXTERNAL
ESCAP
ETCC
EENG
ERA
ENRD
ECLAC
ETRAD
EBRD
ENVR
ECONENRG
ELTNSNAR
ELAP
EPIT
EDUC
EAIDXMXAXBXFFR
EETC
EIVN
EDRC
EGOV
ETRA
EAIDRW
ETRDEINVECINPGOVCS
ESA
ETRDGK
ENVI
ELN
EPRT
EPTED
ERTD
EUM
EAIDS
EFINECONEAIDUNGAGM
EDU
EV
EAIDAF
EDA
EPREL
EINVEFIN
EAGER
ETMIN
EUCOM
ECCP
EIDN
EINVKSCA
ENNP
EFINECONCS
ETC
EAIRASECCASCID
EINN
ETRP
ECONOMICS
ENERGY
EIAR
EINDETRD
ECONEFIN
EURN
ETRDEINVTINTCS
EFIM
ETIO
EATO
EIPR
EINVETC
ETTD
ETDR
EIQ
ECONCS
ENRGIZ
EAIG
ENTG
EUC
ERD
EINVECONSENVCSJA
EEPET
EUNCH
ESENV
ECINECONCS
ETRDECONWTOCS
ECUN
FR
FI
FOREIGN
FARM
FIR
FAO
FK
FARC
FAS
FJ
FREEDOM
FAC
FINANCE
FBI
FTAA
FM
FCS
FAA
FORCE
FDA
FTA
FT
FCSC
FMGT
FINR
FIN
FDIC
FOR
FOI
FO
FMLN
FISO
GM
GERARD
GT
GA
GG
GR
GTIP
GH
GZ
GE
GB
GY
GAZA
GJ
GEORGE
GOI
GCC
GMUS
GI
GLOBAL
GV
GC
GL
GOV
GKGIC
GF
GWI
GIPNC
GUTIERREZ
GTMO
GANGS
GAERC
GUILLERMO
GASPAR
HR
HA
HYMPSK
HO
HK
HUMAN
HU
HN
HHS
HURI
HUD
HUMRIT
HUMANITARIAN
HUMANR
HL
HSTC
HILLARY
HCOPIL
HADLEY
HOURANI
HI
HUM
HEBRON
HUMOR
IZ
IN
IAEA
IS
IMO
ILO
IR
IC
IT
ITU
ID
IV
IMF
IBRD
IWC
ICAO
ICRC
INF
IO
IPR
ISO
IK
ISRAELI
IQ
ICES
IDB
INFLUENZA
IRAQI
ISCON
IGAD
IRAN
ITALY
IRAQ
ICTY
ICTR
ITPGOV
ITALIAN
IQNV
IADB
INTERNAL
INMARSAT
IRDB
ILC
INCB
INRB
ICJ
ISRAEL
INR
IEA
ISPA
ICCAT
IOM
ITRD
IHO
IL
IFAD
ITRA
IDLI
ISCA
INL
INRA
INTELSAT
ISAF
ISPL
IRS
IEF
ITER
INDO
IIP
IND
IEFIN
IACI
IAHRC
INNP
IA
INTERPOL
IFIN
ISSUES
IZPREL
IRAJ
IF
ITPHUM
ITA
IP
IRPE
IDA
ISLAMISTS
ITF
INRO
IBET
IDP
IRC
KMDR
KPAO
KOMC
KNNP
KFLO
KDEM
KSUM
KIPR
KFLU
KE
KCRM
KJUS
KAWC
KZ
KSCA
KDRG
KCOR
KGHG
KPAL
KTIP
KMCA
KCRS
KPKO
KOLY
KRVC
KVPR
KG
KWBG
KTER
KS
KN
KSPR
KWMN
KV
KTFN
KFRD
KU
KSTC
KSTH
KISL
KGIC
KSEP
KFIN
KTEX
KTIA
KUNR
KCMR
KCIP
KMOC
KTDB
KBIO
KBCT
KMPI
KSAF
KACT
KFEM
KPRV
KPWR
KIRC
KCFE
KRIM
KHIV
KHLS
KVIR
KNNNP
KCEM
KLIG
KIRF
KNUP
KSAC
KNUC
KPGOV
KTDD
KIDE
KOMS
KLFU
KNNC
KMFO
KSEO
KJRE
KJUST
KMRS
KSRE
KGIT
KPIR
KPOA
KUWAIT
KIVP
KICC
KSCS
KPOL
KSEAO
KRCM
KSCI
KNAP
KGLB
KICA
KCUL
KPRM
KFSC
KQ
KPOP
KPFO
KPALAOIS
KREC
KBWG
KR
KTTB
KNAR
KCOM
KESS
KINR
KOCI
KWN
KCSY
KREL
KTBT
KFTN
KW
KRFD
KFLOA
KHDP
KNEP
KIND
KHUM
KSKN
KOMO
KDRL
KTFIN
KSOC
KPO
KGIV
KSTCPL
KSI
KPRP
KFPC
KNNB
KNDP
KICCPUR
KFRDCVISCMGTCASCKOCIASECPHUMSMIGEG
KDMR
KFCE
KIMMITT
KMCC
KMNP
KSEC
KOMCSG
KGCC
KRAD
KCRP
KAUST
KWAWC
KCHG
KRDP
KPAS
KTIAPARM
KPAOPREL
KWGB
KIRP
KMIG
KLAB
KSEI
KHSA
KNPP
KPAONZ
KWWW
KGHA
KY
KCRIM
KCRCM
KGCN
KPLS
KIIP
KPAOY
KTRD
KTAO
KJU
KBTS
KWAC
KFIU
KNNO
KPAI
KILS
KPA
KRCS
KWBGSY
KNPPIS
KNNPMNUC
KNPT
KERG
KLTN
KPREL
KTLA
KO
KAWK
KVRP
KAID
KX
KENV
KWCI
KNPR
KCFC
KNEI
KFTFN
KTFM
KCERS
KDEMAF
KMEPI
KEMS
KBTR
KEDU
KIRL
KNNR
KMPT
KPDD
KPIN
KDEV
KFRP
KTBD
KMSG
KWWMN
KWBC
KA
KOM
KWNM
KFRDKIRFCVISCMGTKOCIASECPHUMSMIGEG
KRGY
KNNF
KICR
KIFR
KWMNCS
KPAK
KDDG
KCGC
KID
KNSD
KMPF
KWMM
MARR
MX
MASS
MOPS
MNUC
MCAP
MTCRE
MRCRE
MTRE
MASC
MY
MK
MG
MU
MILI
MO
MZ
MEPP
MCC
MEDIA
MOPPS
MI
MAS
MW
MP
MEPN
MV
MD
MR
MC
MCA
MT
MIL
MARITIME
MOPSGRPARM
MAAR
MOOPS
ML
MA
MN
MNUCPTEREZ
MTCR
MUNC
MPOS
MONUC
MGMT
MURRAY
MACP
MINUSTAH
MCCONNELL
MGT
MNUR
MF
MEPI
MOHAMMAD
MAR
MAPP
MNU
MFA
MTS
MLS
MEETINGS
MERCOSUR
MED
MNVC
MIK
MBM
MILITARY
MAPS
MARAD
MDC
MACEDONIA
MASSMNUC
MUCN
MQADHAFI
MPS
NZ
NATO
NI
NO
NU
NG
NL
NPT
NS
NA
NP
NASA
NSF
NEA
NANCY
NSG
NRR
NATIONAL
NMNUC
NC
NSC
NAS
NARC
NELSON
NATEU
NDP
NIH
NK
NIPP
NR
NERG
NSSP
NE
NTDB
NT
NEGROPONTE
NGO
NATOIRAQ
NAR
NZUS
NCCC
NH
NAFTA
NEW
NRG
NUIN
NOVO
NATOPREL
NV
NICHOLAS
NPA
NSFO
NW
NORAD
NPG
NOAA
OPRC
OPDC
OTRA
OECD
OVIP
OREP
ODC
OIIP
OAS
OSCE
OPIC
OMS
OFDP
OFDA
OEXC
OPCW
OIE
OSCI
OM
OPAD
ODPC
OIC
ODIP
OPPI
ORA
OCEA
OREG
OMIG
OFFICIALS
OSAC
OEXP
OPEC
OFPD
OAU
OCII
OIL
OVIPPRELUNGANU
OSHA
OPCD
OPCR
OF
OFDPQIS
OSIC
OHUM
OTR
OBSP
OGAC
OESC
OVP
ON
OES
OTAR
OCS
PREL
PGOV
PARM
PINR
PHUM
PM
PREF
PTER
PK
PINS
PBIO
PHSA
PE
PBTS
PA
PL
POL
PAK
POV
POLITICS
POLICY
PO
PRELTBIOBA
PKO
PIN
PNAT
PU
PGOVPREL
PALESTINIAN
PTERPGOV
PELOSI
PAS
PP
PTEL
PROP
PRELAF
PRHUM
PRE
PUNE
PIRF
PVOV
PROG
PERSONS
PROV
PKK
PRGOV
PH
PLAB
PDEM
PCI
PRL
PRM
PINSO
PERM
PETR
PPAO
PERL
PBS
PETERS
PRELBR
PCON
POLITICAL
PMIL
POLM
PKPA
PNUM
PLO
PTERM
PJUS
PARMP
PNIR
PHUMKPAL
PG
PREZ
PGIC
PAO
PROTECTION
PRELPK
PGOVENRG
PATTY
PSOC
PARTIES
PGOVEAIDUKNOSWGMHUCANLLHFRSPITNZ
PMIG
PAIGH
PARK
PETER
PHUS
PKPO
PGOVECON
POUS
PMAR
PWBG
PAR
PGOVGM
PHUH
PTE
PY
POLUN
PDOV
PGOVSOCI
PGOVPM
PRELEVU
PGOR
PBTSRU
PHUMA
PHUMR
PPD
PGV
PRAM
PARMS
PINL
PSI
PKPAL
PPA
PTERE
PGOF
PINO
PREO
PHAS
PAC
PRESL
PORG
PS
PGVO
PKFK
PSOE
PEPR
PINT
PRELP
PREFA
PNG
PTBS
PFOR
PGOVLO
PHUMBA
PREK
PHJM
POLINT
PGOVE
PHALANAGE
PARTY
PECON
PEACE
PROCESS
PLN
PEDRO
PF
PGPV
PCUL
PGGV
PSA
PGOVSMIGKCRMKWMNPHUMCVISKFRDCA
PGIV
PHUMPREL
POGOV
PEL
PBT
PAMQ
PINF
PSEPC
POSTS
PAHO
PHUMPGOV
PGOC
PNR
RS
RP
RU
RW
RFE
RCMP
RIGHTSPOLMIL
REFORM
RO
ROW
ROBERT
REACTION
REPORT
REGION
RELATIONS
RAY
ROBERTG
RIGHTS
RM
RATIFICATION
RREL
RBI
RICE
ROOD
REL
RODHAM
RGY
RUEHZO
RELIGIOUS
RELFREE
RUEUN
RELAM
RSP
RF
REO
REGIONAL
RUPREL
RI
REMON
RPEL
RSO
SCUL
SENV
SOCI
SZ
SNAR
SO
SP
SU
SY
SI
SMIG
SYR
SA
SW
SF
SR
SYRIA
SNARM
START
SPECIALIST
SG
SNIG
SCI
SGWI
SE
SIPDIS
SANC
SELAB
SN
SETTLEMENTS
SCIENCE
SENVENV
SENS
SPCE
SPAS
SECURITY
SENC
SOCIETY
SOSI
SENVEAGREAIDTBIOECONSOCIXR
SEN
SPECI
ST
SL
SENVCASCEAIDID
SC
SECRETARY
STR
SNA
SOCIS
SADC
SEP
SK
SHUM
SYAI
SMIL
STEPHEN
SNRV
SKCA
SENSITIVE
SECI
SCUD
SCRM
SGNV
SECTOR
SAARC
SENVSXE
SWMN
STEINBERG
SOPN
SOCR
SCRS
SWE
SARS
SNARIZ
SUDAN
SENVQGR
SAN
SM
SFNV
SSA
SPCVIS
SOFA
SCULKPAOECONTU
SENVKGHG
SHI
SEVN
SH
SNARCS
SNARN
SIPRS
TBIO
TW
TRGY
TSPA
TU
TPHY
TI
TX
TH
TIP
TSPL
TNGD
TZ
TS
TC
TK
TURKEY
TERRORISM
TPSL
TINT
TRSY
TERFIN
TPP
TT
TECHNOLOGY
TE
TAGS
TRAFFICKING
TJ
TN
TO
TD
TP
TREATY
TR
TA
TIO
TECH
TF
TRAD
TNDG
TWI
TPSA
TWL
TAUSCHER
TRBY
TL
TV
THPY
TSPAM
TREL
TRT
TNAR
TFIN
TWCH
THOMMA
THOMAS
TERROR
TRY
TBID
UK
UNESCO
UNSC
UNGA
UN
US
UZ
USEU
UG
UP
UNAUS
UNMIK
USTR
UY
USUN
UNEP
UNDC
UV
UNPUOS
UNSCR
USAID
UNODC
UNRCR
UNHCR
UNDP
UNCRIME
UA
UNHRC
UNRWA
UNO
UNCND
UNCHR
USAU
UNICEF
USPS
UNOMIG
UNESCOSCULPRELPHUMKPALCUIRXFVEKV
UR
UNFICYP
UNCITRAL
UNAMA
UNVIE
USTDA
USNC
UNCSD
USCC
UNEF
UNGAPL
USSC
UNMIC
UNTAC
UNCLASSIFIED
USDA
UNCTAD
USGS
UNFPA
UNSE
USOAS
UE
UAE
UNCHS
UNDESCO
UNC
UNSCS
UKXG
UNGACG
UNHR
UNBRO
UNCHC
UNFCYP
UNIDROIT
WHTI
WIPO
WTRO
WHO
WTO
WMO
WFP
WEET
WS
WE
WA
WHA
WBG
WILLIAM
WI
WSIS
WCL
WEBZ
WZ
WW
WWBG
WMD
WWT
WMN
WWARD
WITH
WTRQ
WCO
WEU
WB
WBEG
Browse by classification
Community resources
courage is contagious
Viewing cable 08MOSCOW159, RUSSIA: XENOPHOBIA REMAINS SERIOUS PROBLEM
If you are new to these pages, please read an introduction on the structure of a cable as well as how to discuss them with others. See also the FAQs
Understanding cables
Every cable message consists of three parts:
- The top box shows each cables unique reference number, when and by whom it originally was sent, and what its initial classification was.
- The middle box contains the header information that is associated with the cable. It includes information about the receiver(s) as well as a general subject.
- The bottom box presents the body of the cable. The opening can contain a more specific subject, references to other cables (browse by origin to find them) or additional comment. This is followed by the main contents of the cable: a summary, a collection of specific topics and a comment section.
Discussing cables
If you find meaningful or important information in a cable, please link directly to its unique reference number. Linking to a specific paragraph in the body of a cable is also possible by copying the appropriate link (to be found at theparagraph symbol). Please mark messages for social networking services like Twitter with the hash tags #cablegate and a hash containing the reference ID e.g. #08MOSCOW159.
Reference ID | Created | Released | Classification | Origin |
---|---|---|---|---|
08MOSCOW159 | 2008-01-23 03:33 | 2011-08-24 01:00 | UNCLASSIFIED//FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY | Embassy Moscow |
VZCZCXRO8413
RR RUEHLN RUEHPOD RUEHVK RUEHYG
DE RUEHMO #0159/01 0230333
ZNR UUUUU ZZH
R 230333Z JAN 08
FM AMEMBASSY MOSCOW
TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC 6238
INFO RUEHXD/MOSCOW POLITICAL COLLECTIVE
RUCNCIS/CIS COLLECTIVE
UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 04 MOSCOW 000159
SIPDIS
SENSITIVE
SIPDIS
E.O. 12958: N/A
TAGS: PGOV PHUM PREF SOCI SMIG RS
SUBJECT: RUSSIA: XENOPHOBIA REMAINS SERIOUS PROBLEM
REF: A: 07 ST. PETERSBURG 283
B: 07 MOSCOW 564
C: 07 MOSCOW 12369
D: 06 VLADIVOSTOK 165
E: 07 YEKATERINBURG 111
F: 07 ST. PETERSBURG 245
G: 07 MOSCOW 4089
H: 07 MOSCOW 4124
Summary
-------
¶1. (SBU) Xenophobia continues to be a problem in the Russian
Federation. In the last year, the number of violent incidents
against those who are not Russian or who do not look Russian did not
increase as dramatically as it has in the past, but the small but
steady increase reveals an intractable problem with which the
country must come to grips. The number of perpetrators of
hate-related crimes is increasing as skinheads and members of
nationalist groups make their presence felt throughout Russia. The
root causes of xenophobia are difficult to determine, but some
experts point to longstanding social and economic problems that lead
many to promote a message of "Russia for Russians." The government
has sent mixed signals; on the one hand acknowledging the problem
while on the other hand trumpeting messages of Russian greatness
that may feed the phenomenon. Prosecution of hate crimes is
challenging under Russian law, since it requires proof of motive.
The result is that it is easier to prosecute these crimes as
"hooliganism" than as hate-motivated crimes. End summary.
Xenophobic Violence in 2007
---------------------------
¶2. (SBU) It remains difficult to quantify the true extent of
xenophobic violence. Experts believe that government statistics
underreport the problem of hate-related crimes. At the same time,
official statistics for "extremist" crimes are higher than those of
human rights organizations due to the government's broad definition
of extremism. The Interior Ministry reported 327 crimes related to
extremism during January - November, 2007. Several NGOs, including
the Moscow Bureau for Human Rights and the Sova Center, track hate
crime statistics by looking at official statistics while also
collecting anecdotal reports from the media, NGOs and other sources.
As a result of differing data collection methods, the numbers can
vary widely.
¶3. (U) The Moscow Bureau for Human Rights recently released its
annual report on hate crimes. According to their report for 2007,
the level of xenophobic violence has grown by one-third since 2006
and the number of deaths resulting from hate-motivated violence in
2007 increased by twenty percent. There were 230 incidents of
xenophobic violence in 2007, including 74 deaths and 317 injuries.
Moscow and the Moscow region accounted for 44 deaths and 107 people
injured in hate-related violence in 2007.
¶4. (U) A recent report by the Sova Center showed numbers that were
little changed from 2006. According to the Center, in 2007, no less
than 550 people were attacked, 68 fatally, for hate-related reasons.
Sova's report noted that these figures do not include
"underreported attacks on homeless people and on lesbian, gay,
bisexual, and transgender people." (In 2007, there were four
murders of homeless people which the police suspected were
perpetrated by neo-Nazis.) By comparison, there were 539 victims of
hate crimes in 2006 including 54 deaths. In 2005, there were 461
victims and 47 deaths. Hate crime incidents have increased every
year since the Sova Center began issuing annual reports in 2003.
Moscow, St. Petersburg and Nizhniy Novgorod "remain the major
centers of racist violence," the Center reported. Others in the
human rights community also point to Ingushetia as one of the least
tolerant regions of Russia with Kalmykia and Rostov-on-Don also
making that list. The Sova Center's report does not include
statistics for the North Caucasus.
¶5. (U) Recent incidents from NGO sources and the media include the
following:
- In early December 2007, a Nigerian riding the metro in Moscow was
approached by four skinheads, one of whom pulled out a knife and
asked, "What are you doing in our country?" The man was rescued by
several riders who removed him from the train before the skinheads
could attack.
- On December 1, 2007, journalist and Tuva Government press
secretary Sayana Mongush, was attacked by a group of skinheads on
SIPDIS
the St. Petersburg subway (Ref A). Since then, 11 individuals
between the ages of 14 to 18 have been arrested on charges related
to that attack and others, including the murder of a migrant worker
from Uzbekistan.
- On December 11, 2007, a group of people armed with baseball bats
and steel bars attacked construction workers from North Korea in a
MOSCOW 00000159 002 OF 004
Moscow suburb. Of the 39 people attacked, 16 were injured and four
were taken to the hospital with serious injuries. Because the
attackers were from the Caucasus (themselves a minority), law
enforcement officials denied hatred as a motive and attributed the
attack to "hooliganism."
The Perpetrators and Their Victims
----------------------------------
¶6. (SBU) According to Aleksandr Brod of the Moscow Human Rights
Bureau, radical and nationalist organizations are growing in Russia
and there are approximately 70,000 skinheads throughout the country.
Disturbing to Brod is the fact that skinheads are appearing in
small cities in addition to metropolitan areas such as Moscow and
St. Petersburg. Skinheads tend to be young (15-20 years) and
extremely nationalistic. Typically, they have acted in small groups
that are not centrally organized and they communicate via the
internet.
¶7. (SBU) In addition to skinhead groups, Brod told us about
well-organized, national political movements such as the Movement
against Illegal Immigration (Ref B), which is able to organize mass
actions throughout the country. He accused the organization of
sending its representatives to Russian regions in order to further
inflame incidents like the one that led to inter-ethnic riots in
Kondopoga, Republic of Karelia in September 2006.
¶8. (SBU) The lack of organization among skinheads may be changing.
In St. Petersburg, a recent series of attacks over the course of a
few days showed some level of coordination. The police
investigation following the attacks led to the discovery of an
apartment from which the attacks may have been planned and
coordinated.
¶9. (SBU) According to Gang Li, UNHCR's Senior Protection Officer in
Moscow, the ethnic groups at greatest risk of ethnic violence in
Russia are North Koreans, Chinese and Uzbeks. He noted that not only
are they at risk of xenophobic violence, but they are at risk of
being forcibly returned to their country of origin by authorities.
¶10. (SBU) Reverend Robert Bronkema of the Moscow Protestant
Chaplaincy, whose parishioners include many African diplomats,
students and refugees, told us that many live in fear. They do
everything they can to avoid altercations including avoiding stadium
areas and not venturing out on holidays, days when there are high
profile soccer matches, or Hitler's birthday. The Chaplaincy runs a
parish center in Moscow, which Rev. Bronkema described as "a place
where people of color can come and feel safe."
¶11. (U) In a survey conducted by sociologists of the Public Opinion
Foundation every fourth respondent expressed dislike of certain
ethnic groups. The sociologists warned that the results of the
survey indicate a "dangerously high" level of bigotry in the
country.
Root Causes
-----------
¶12. (U) Some attribute the causes of xenophobia to social and
economic problems in the country. The large and growing gap between
rich and poor, the lack of youth policy and limited opportunities
for some workers may be the reason why young people in particular
are attracted to nationalist groups. Others say economic factors
are just an excuse and that violence against ethnic minorities is
purely based on hatred. Others point to recent history such as the
independence movement in Chechnya and terrorist attacks such as the
Moscow apartment building bombings in 1999, the storming of the
Dubrovka Theater in 2002 and the Beslan school tragedy in 2004, as
events that crystallized xenophobic thinking and provided excuses
for public expressions of racist sentiments.
¶13. (U) The upsurge in Russian patriotism in recent years may also
be feeding xenophobia. As leaders promote Russian greatness, some
take this a step further to espouse the cause of "Russia for
Russians." Well-known Russian writer Lev Rubinshteyn in his recent
book equated patriotism with xenophobia. Commenting on national
behavior he writes: "patriots and xenophobes, are one and the
same."
Mixed Messages from the Government
----------------------------------
¶14. (U) The government has acknowledged that the problem of
xenophobia exists and is growing. Human Rights Ombudsman Vladimir
Lukin, in his report on human rights issued in 2007, stated that
nationalistic and xenophobic sentiments continued growing during
¶2006. "Cases of racial, ethnic, and religious hatred resulting in
violence and mass clashes became more frequent. Victims of hate
crimes are people of various nationalities - Russian citizens, and
people with non-Slavic appearance in particular, as well as people
from the near and far abroad. Hate crimes are becoming more and more
MOSCOW 00000159 003 OF 004
brutal and cynical and the circles of people involved are widening,"
the report stated. Valeriy Tishkov an anthropologist and member of
the Public Chamber acknowledged "an increase in ultranationalist
sentiments" but noted 2007 was "relatively calm." As proof, he
cited the State Duma campaign in which "the nationalist card was not
played as compared with the previous campaign." He also suggested
that the increase in extremist crimes may reflect improved
performance by law enforcement in detecting these crimes. Despite
official acknowledgment of the problem, Brod told us that after
xenophobic incidents occur, federal and local officials make
statements then "nothing is done" to address the underlying causes.
¶15. (SBU) The government has sent mixed signals. In January 2007,
under the guise of controlling migration, a limit was imposed on the
percentage of migrants permitted to work in markets (Ref B). The
new limit disproportionately affected Azeri vendors of fruits and
vegetables. In April 2007, this restriction was further expanded to
forbid migrants from selling goods in markets (they are permitted to
own market stalls and work there but they cannot make retail sales.)
The restrictions were an internal political move that fanned
xenophobic sentiments. Putin, for his part, made comments about the
need to "'Russify' the markets." In the fall of 2006, the
government created hysteria against Georgians living in Russia
following Georgia's accusation that several Russian diplomats
serving in Tblisi were spies. Many Georgians were deported,
Georgian restaurants were closed, students with Georgian last names
were forced to leave schools and Russia stopped importing Georgian
wine and mineral water.
¶16. (SBU) Attempts at the national level to respond to xenophobia
have been limited to non-existent. Brod told us a federal tolerance
program was shut down in 2005 and has not been replaced. A
tolerance program in Moscow featuring billboard messages is underway
and "well-funded," according to Brod. Some in the NGO community
criticize the 250 million ruble campaign as ineffective. Galina
Kozhevnikova of Sova Center told us NGOs that know about these
issues were not consulted and that most of the money has ended up in
the hands of various ethnic groups instead of being used to promote
tolerance and aid those who have been victims of xenophobia. In St.
Petersburg, Governor Matviyenko launched a tolerance program in 2006
which was intended to focus on education and improving inter-ethnic
and inter-faith dialogue. Although a step in the right direction,
the program has received mixed reviews for lack of funds, focus and
results.
¶17. (SBU) Brod, who was recently appointed to the Public Chamber by
Putin, told us he would like to use the institution to initiate a
tolerance campaign. He is optimistic about his future plans despite
the fact that reports and recommendations generated by the Public
Chamber in the past largely have collected dust. His main goal is
to initiate a new federal tolerance program aimed at involving
authorities more actively in anti-hate crime initiatives and
training.
¶18. (SBU) In the recent Duma campaign, there was no clear effort to
appeal to nationalist sentiments and the government, in general, has
been at pains to distance itself from xenophobic acts or campaigns.
Moscow Mayor Luzhkov strongly condemned attacks that took place one
evening near the Kremlin in June 2007, by ultranationalists of the
Movement against Illegal Immigration against people from the
Caucasus and Central Asia. One ethnic Armenian woman was
hospitalized with stab wounds and 42 people were detained in the
incident. Luzhkov said: "Any display of chauvinism, xenophobia or
nationalism will be harshly put down in our capital." The annual
nationalist "Russian March" in March, 2007 (Ref C) fell flat when
Moscow city authorities went to great lengths to prevent the march,
which had far fewer participants than organizers expected, from
ballooning out of control. Other such marches including a "Unity
Day" march in Vladivostok in 2006 also fell short of expectations
(Ref D). In 2007, Russia's mainstream nationalist party "Rodina"
was compelled, under Kremlin pressure, to merge with two other
non-nationalist parties and its charismatic political leader,
Dmitriy Rogozin, was appointed Ambassador to NATO, a move many
attributed to the GOR's desire to dampen a nationalist vote.
¶19. (SBU) At the local level, there is more evidence of willingness
on the part of authorities to deal with intolerance. In
Yekaterinburg, a major destination for migrants from Central Asia
(Reftel E), local officials are developing hostels to house migrants
while they apply for work permits and undergo health examinations.
In addition, the regional government established a labor migration
center to assist migrants with work permits and housing. Trainings
for employers have also been conducted so they understand the law on
migration.
¶20. (SBU) In Karelia, one year after the ethnically fueled riots in
Kondopoga, local officials and Muslim leaders say things have
improved quite a bit (Ref F.) Authorities have tried to generate
dialogue among various ethnic and religious groups and the
prosecution of those involved on both sides in the riots has
MOSCOW 00000159 004 OF 004
proceeded relatively fairly.
Prosecutors Opt for Easy Conviction
-----------------------------------
¶21. (SBU) The prosecution of hate crimes is a mixed bag. From the
prospective of prosecutors, they face the same problems with hate
crime cases as they do with organized crime cases: weak witness
protection and no mechanism for getting cooperating defendant
testimony. Also, some prosecutors are unskilled at presenting cases
in court. Hate crime cases require proof of motive which can be
difficult to prove when other factors such as robbery or drunkenness
are also involved. The result is that it is easier to prosecute
crimes involving hooliganism, which does not require proof of
motive.
¶22. (SBU) The Sova Center reported that prosecution of racist
violence in 2007 slowed down. The center reported that there were
at least 19 court decisions "in connection with racist and neo-nazi
violence," including nine convictions for murder or heavy bodily
harm which resulted in death. The Center noted a "change in
attitude" of the Moscow Prosecutor's Office which they said is less
concerned with high profile crimes. They do credit the Moscow
Prosecutor's Office, however, with recognizing neo-Nazi violence.
Kozhevnikova told us local authorities also have been doing more to
remove racist propaganda such as leaflets and graffiti under the law
on extremism. She noted a downside in the misuse of this same law
against the political opposition and human rights activists.
¶23. (U) The Embassy's Law Enforcement Section provides extensive
technical assistance to Russian law enforcement and legislators
designed to improve Russia's ability to investigate and prosecute
violent criminal activity, including hate crimes. Prosecutors in
St. Petersburg credited Embassy training for convictions they
obtained in cases involving the skinhead murders of an African
student and a local anti-fascist activist (Reftel G). In addition,
Embassy LES has worked closely with the Presidential Administration
and Duma to draft cooperating witness legislation, which will make
it easier for prosecutors to obtain and use the testimony of
cooperating defendants in court. According to law enforcement
sources, the current absence of such legislation seriously inhibits
the prosecution of hate crimes (Reftel H).
¶24. (U) USAID has supported small programs in Ryazan, Kazan, Nizhniy
Novgorod, Stavropol and Rostov-on-Don designed to create a climate
of mutual trust between law enforcement and the community and to
counteract intolerance and extremism. Local Tolerance Councils in
each city, comprised of religious and community leaders and members
of the law enforcement community, help to educate the police about
tolerance and hate crimes and to improve inter-ethnic and
inter-religious understanding. USAID also supports the Moscow
Helsinki Group's new program to more closely monitor anti-Semitism
and teach young people about discrimination and tolerance in
selected regions.
COMMENT
-------
¶25. (SBU) It is difficult to know the true extent of the problem of
xenophobia in Russia. Statistics are of limited use because of
their lack of reliability which is acknowledged by governmental and
non-governmental sources alike. Changing attitudes will require a
long-term solution but in the short term, Russia would do well to
get a handle on the recording of hate crimes by training law
enforcement to recognize and report accurately on hate crimes and to
pass legislation to provide additional legal tools for the
prosecution of these crimes. Until then, the small number of NGOs
that focus on tolerance issues will fight an uphill battle in a
climate where a resurgent Russia promotes messages of Russian
greatness and does little to protect those who are vulnerable.