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Viewing cable 06ANKARA2870, A DEVELOPMENT TALE OF TWO SOUTHEASTERN CITIES
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Reference ID | Created | Released | Classification | Origin |
---|---|---|---|---|
06ANKARA2870 | 2006-05-18 14:48 | 2011-08-24 01:00 | UNCLASSIFIED//FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY | Embassy Ankara |
VZCZCXRO9644
RR RUEHDA
DE RUEHAK #2870/01 1381448
ZNR UUUUU ZZH
R 181448Z MAY 06
FM AMEMBASSY ANKARA
TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC 5721
INFO RUEHIT/AMCONSUL ISTANBUL 0535
RUEHDA/AMCONSUL ADANA 0752
RUEATRS/DEPT OF TREASURY WASHDC
RUEHBS/USEU BRUSSELS
RUCNDT/USMISSION USUN NEW YORK 1606
UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 04 ANKARA 002870
SIPDIS
TREASURY FOR PLANTIER
SENSITIVE
SIPDIS
E.O. 12958: N/A
TAGS: EAID SOCI PHUM KWMN TU
SUBJECT: A DEVELOPMENT TALE OF TWO SOUTHEASTERN CITIES
¶1. (SBU) Summary: Adiyaman and Sanliurfa provinces,
located in Turkey's southeastern region, are home to
some of the country's most notable tourist attractions,
yet both provinces suffer from poverty and
underdevelopment. Seasonal migration, gender
inequality, and a lack of economic opportunity plague
the region, leaving the provinces near the bottom of a
ranking of social development in Turkey's 81 provinces.
The European Union (EU), the United National
Development Program (UNDP), and the Southeastern
Anatolia Project (GAP) Administration have poured funds
into projects in the region, primarily focused on
women's development, youth and education, agriculture
projects, and business development. Nevertheless,
these two provinces have a very long way to go to catch
up with their counterparts in western Turkey. End
summary.
¶2. (SBU) In a recent visit to the southeastern cities
of Adiyaman and Sanliurfa, we found two provinces
grappling with poverty and the lack of social and
economic development. Adiyaman, located 766 kilometers
east of Ankara and home to a population of nearly
700,000, generates nearly 70 percent of Turkey's very
modest production of crude oil. It is home to Mt.
Nemrut, one of Turkey's most famous tourist
attractions, known for the large stone heads that grace
the mountain's peak. While not a traditional
industrial hub, several sources told us that the
Organized Industrial Zone (OIZ) in Adiyaman is filled
to capacity, and the province's leadership is lobbying
Ankara to fund another OIZ in the near future. One
week before our visit, Prime Minister Erdogan visited
Adiyaman to open 33 new textile and food processing
factories.
¶3. (SBU) Known as "the City of Prophets," Sanliurfa,
located 820 kilometers southeast of Ankara and
approximately 80 kilometers from the Syrian border, is
the birthplace of the Prophet Abraham and was home to
Prophet Job. Because of its significance in
Christianity, Judaism, and Islam, Sanliurfa (often
called "Urfa") attracts hundreds of tourists per year.
As we walked through the city, we saw several tourist
groups from other Middle Eastern countries, and our
police escorts commented that they receive many
religious pilgrims from Iran. The city is notably more
religiously conservative than western Turkey, and we
observed that an overwhelming majority of women wore
the Muslim headscarf. In addition to tourism, Urfa
generates much of its revenue from agriculture. Like
Adiyaman, Urfa's OIZ is currently filled to capacity.
-------------------------------------------
TOURIST ATTRACTIONS DO NOT EQUAL PROSPERITY
-------------------------------------------
¶4. (SBU) Despite their tourist attractions and bustling
OIZs, both Adiyaman and Urfa are part of the
traditionally underdeveloped southeastern region. In a
2003 State Planning Organization (SPO) ranking of
Turkey's 81 provinces according to socioeconomic
development, Adiyaman came in 65th and Urfa ranked
68th. Unemployment is a significant problem in both
provinces, as is a lack of social development for
women. Seasonal migration has plagued both provinces,
with a lack ofeconomic opportunity driving families to
pack up and leave for months at a time to work in
larger cities. As a result, their children often miss
lengthy periods of school, leaving them far behind
their peers in the larger cities in western Turkey.
¶5. (SBU) Contacts in both Adiyaman and Urfa told us
that while the situation is better in the provincial
capitals, those living in the rural areas of their
provinces are still suffering because of lack of
economic opportunity. Urfa Chamber of Commerce General
Secretary Hasan Hayarli painted a grim picture of the
SIPDIS
economic situation in the region, saying that
businesses are suffering because of the high value of
the lira. He noted that while economic aid has poured
into the region, they need much more in order to be on
par with western Turkey.
------------------------------------
CATOMS: FOCUS ON WOMEN'S DEVELOPMENT
ANKARA 00002870 002 OF 004
------------------------------------
¶6. (SBU) In an effort to improve women's development in
both Adiyaman and Urfa, the GAP Administration began
funding Multi-Purpose Community Centers (CATOMs) in
¶1995. CATOMs offer free or low-cost classes for girls
and women, teaching them skills such as sewing, word
processing, and literacy. We visited the Adiyaman
CATOM, established in 1997, where Director Hacer
Demirtas told us that most of her students initially
encountered resistance from their husbands and
families. Demirtas told us that many husbands did not
want to send their wives or daughters to classes at
CATOM, as the men were afraid they would become too
successful andwould want to leave their homes.
¶7. (SBU) Demirtas told us that the center also runs an
informal job bank, setting up prospective employers
with recent CATOM course graduates. On our visit we
spoke with two middle-aged women who were learning to
sew clothing - they told us that they planned to sell
the clothing in the neighborhood. We also met with the
literacy class, which was filled with women in their
40s and 50s learning to read and write for the first
time. Demirtas told us that two women who graduated
from a CATOM hairdressing class in 2005 opened their
own salon in Adiyaman this year. She explained that
when the center opened in 1997, they had a hard time
attracting students; now they have too many students,
with 124 women and girls receiving instruction at the
Adiyaman CATOM. (Comment: Regional critics note that
CATOMs disproportionately enroll spouses and family of
government-linked paramilitary "village guards." While
this may be so, the state's influence with these groups
through its employment link has helped bring at least a
portion of the province's women in contact with
opportunities to improve their skills. End comment.)
--------------------------------------------- -------
LOOKING TO THE FUTURE: AN EYE ON YOUTH AND EDUCATION
--------------------------------------------- -------
¶8. (SBU) With seasonal migration taking hundreds of
children out of school for months at a time, youth and
education are key issues in the region. We met with
the Adiyaman Development Projects Academy, a newly
founded organization focusing on curbing the effects of
seasonal migration on education. According to Ahmet
Gunaydin, the organization's founder, they are focusing
on development "in place." In conjunction with the
SPO, the Adiyaman municipal government, and local
schools, Gunaydin and his staff created a database of
families who were repeatedly taking their children out
of school because of seasonal migration. Gunaydin then
dispatched his staff to speak with these families about
the importance of continuous school attendance for the
future of the children and the region. They have also
paired with UNICEF's "Haydi Kizlar Okula!" (Come on,
girls, let's go to school!) program, going door-to-door
to speak with parents of girls to encourage them to
send their daughters to school.
¶9. (SBU) We also met with Yesim Suzer, director of the
Adiyaman Youth for Habitat, whose organization focuses
on social development and education for older students,
aged 15-25. Youth for Habitat provides leadership,
project drafting, and internet training courses for the
students, and promotes both social and vocational
development. The organization recently launched an "e-
Coach" program on the internet through which students
are matched with a mentor in their chosen career field.
Approximately 10 students in Adiyaman have taken
advantage of the program, using the computers in the
Youth for Habitat office to communicate with their
mentors, mostly located in Istanbul. Suzer told us
that since the organization's founding in 2002, over
9000 students throughout the GAP region have
participated.
¶10. (SBU) While seasonal migration has caused lengthy
absences from school, there also has been an increase
in the number of street children. GAP Assistant
Regional Director Mehmet Acikgoz told us that the GAP
Administration has paired up with UNDP to combat the
increase in the number of street children, with
approximately 500 children in Urfa alone. GAP brought
ANKARA 00002870 003 OF 004
together a task force of members from the provincial
governors' offices, the municipal government offices,
universities, and the International Labor Organization
(ILO). Acikgoz said that the task force identifies
street children, speaks with their families, encourages
the children to attend school, provides food aid, and
tries to find employment for the child's parents. GAP
also established a program called "Would you be my
parent?" to find foster homes for orphaned children
living on the streets.
--------------------------------------------- ----
CONTROVERSIAL IRRIGATION POLICY INCREASES PROFITS
--------------------------------------------- ----
¶11. (SBU) With its arid climate and hundreds of
thousands of hectares of arable land, Mehmet Acikgoz
told us that Urfa province has been the principal
beneficiary of GAP's irrigation projects. He explained
that when the projects began in 1999, only 30,000
hectares of land were irrigated. As of April 2006,
180,000 hectares had been irrigated, leading to an
enormous increase in profits for the province's
farmers. Acikgoz explained that under the dry farming
system, farmers earned between USD 500-600 per hectare;
under the irrigation system, farmers earn nearly USD
1500 per hectare. The irrigation system has also
diversified the types of crops farmers produce. Before
irrigation, they were primarily producing wheat,
barley, and lentils; on the newly irrigated land, they
can produce cotton and corn, both of which generate
more profit. Acikgoz explained that the increased
profit margins for farmers have led to a decrease in
seasonal migration. (Comment: Acikgoz did not address
some of the criticisms of the irrigation policy.
Providing irrigation at low cost leads to the high rate
of salinization caused by the prevalent use of surface
irrigation, as opposed to trickle technology. Acikgoz
also neglected to discuss the disproportionate focus on
damaging crops like cotton, both of which are creating
devastating future liabilities for Urfa's agriculture.
End comment.)
¶12. (SBU) American NGO HasNa has taken an interest in
the GAP region, offering training courses in the U.S.
for agricultural engineers and officials from water
cooperatives. The program allowed local officials to
learn about new technology and see modern farming
techniques.
--------------------------------------
GAP, UNDP PROMOTE BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT
--------------------------------------
¶13. (SBU) To promote and support small- and medium-
sized enterprises (SMEs) in Adiyaman and Urfa, the
European Union paired with UNDP and GAP to fund
Entrepreneur Support and Guidance Centers (GIDEMs) in
both cities in 1997. The GIDEMs provide market
research for interested entrepreneurs, identify
feasible investment areas, and offer training seminars
on SME development. We met with Mehmet Gunes, a field
officer at the Adiyaman branch, who told us that since
2002, his office has performed a business diagnosis of
40 businesses, has supported 20 new businesses, and has
performed market research for five entrepreneurs. He
added that his branch brings in sector experts from
Istanbul and Ankara to assist SME owners with improving
managerial skills, brand creation and management, and
communication skills. Gunes said that he has noted a
great increase in investment interest in Adiyaman since
he started in 2002.
-------
COMMENT
-------
¶14. (SBU) Despite Turkey's strong GDP growth since
2001, there are few visible signs of improvement in
southeastern provinces like Adiyaman and Urfa,
especially in rural areas. Conditions in the urban
centers of Adiyaman and Urfa have improved in recent
years, yet both provinces are well behind their
counterparts in western Turkey. The tourism potential
in both provinces is significant, but ongoing PKK
violence in the region largely keeps tourists and
ANKARA 00002870 004 OF 004
investors at bay.
WILSON