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Viewing cable 09KABUL914, SHIA FAMILY LAW UPDATE: SHIA LEADERS, CIVIL SOCETY
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Reference ID | Created | Released | Classification | Origin |
---|---|---|---|---|
09KABUL914 | 2009-04-13 08:53 | 2011-08-24 01:00 | UNCLASSIFIED//FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY | Embassy Kabul |
VZCZCXRO8216
PP RUEHDBU RUEHPW
DE RUEHBUL #0914/01 1030853
ZNR UUUUU ZZH
P 130853Z APR 09
FM AMEMBASSY KABUL
TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC PRIORITY 8356
INFO RUCNAFG/AFGHANISTAN COLLECTIVE PRIORITY
UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 02 KABUL 000914
SENSITIVE
SIPDIS
E.O. 12958: N/A
TAGS: PGOV PREL PHUM KWMN AF
SUBJECT: SHIA FAMILY LAW UPDATE: SHIA LEADERS, CIVIL SOCETY
FORTIFY POSITIONS
REF: A. KABUL 896 AND PREVIOUS
¶B. 08 KABUL 3097
¶C. KABUL 279
¶D. 08 KABUL 2963
¶1. (U) SUMMARY. A prominent Shia cleric publicly lashed out
this week against opponents of the Shia Family Law, charging
that the government has no right to alter a law passed by
Parliament and signed by President Karzai (ref A). Officials
say they remain committed to a thorough review of the law to
eliminate unconstitutional limits on the rights of women.
Representatives of the international community will meet with
the Ministry of Justice this week to discuss specific
objections. Civil society organizations and moderate
parliamentarians are coordinating their inputs for the MoJ's
review process. Several Shia leaders in Kabul, caught off
guard by international outrage against the law, have reached
out to the media and various embassies to defend their
position or step back from their earlier support of the law.
Shia women leaders continue to find themselves torn between
their faith and their gender. End Summary.
Ayatollah Mohseni: Western Countries Should Butt Out
----------
¶2. (U) Ayatollah Mohammad Asef Mohseni, arguably the
country's most influential Shia leader, refuses to back away
from the Shia Family Law's original text, including
controversial provisions restricting women's ability to leave
their homes, work, and refuse sexual intercourse with their
husbands. In his April 11 press conference, Mohseni
criticized Western governments for forcing Karzai to withdraw
the Palace's support for the law. Mohseni contended foreign
pressure to kill the law reverses those countries' promises
to stay out of internal Afghan affairs and respect Afghan
democracy. Charge will call on Mohseni on April 16.
Government: Mohseni Statement Won't Stop Our Review
---------
¶3. (SBU) Deputy Justice Minister Hashimzai confirmed with
Embassy's Rule of Law coordinator on April 11 that Mohseni's
strong words did not affect the government's commitment to
reviewing the legislation with civil society groups, the
international community, members of parliament, and religious
experts. MoJ has invited certain international community
representatives, including the United States, to an April 15
meeting to present their concerns on specific provisions in
the law. EU officials in Kabul delivered a demarche to FM
Spanta on April 12 welcoming the government's decision not to
publish the law in the legal gazette. Civil society groups
and other interested parties will also meet with MoJ in the
coming weeks. Moderate Shia groups want the drafting process
restarted and demand Mohseni and other conservative Shia
leaders include a more diverse representation of the Shia
community in the new process. Mohseni and other
conservatives retain significant influence in the Shia
community, though we are hearing from increasing numbers of
younger Hazaras looking for more modern leaders (ref B).
Some Shia Leaders Hold Firm, Others Moderate Their Position
----------
¶4. (SBU) Several Shia leaders have reached out to the media
and foreign officials in Kabul to explain their position.
Leading Shia MPs, such as Sayed Alemi Balkhi (Kabul, Hazara),
remain committed to the bill and blame poor translations for
the international community's "misunderstanding." Balkhi
believes amendments passed by the Lower House in February
sufficiently protect women's rights. We have seen several
translations of the law's various articles, and concur with
media reports that the law would severely roll back women's
rights. MP Ahmad Ali Jebraili (Herat, Hazara) argued the law
was actually progressive, granting women exceptions to
limitations on their freedom of movement for emergencies or
health reasons. He claimed some Shia husbands would not
ordinarily accept such exceptions. Jebraili also doubts any
men would actually seek legal recourse if their wives
disobeyed the provision on submitting to a husband's sexual
demands. "When I invite my wife for sex, she sometimes
declines, but I never take her to court over it," he told
PolOff. Jebraili and other drafters claimed they added such
provisions to respect traditional Shia jurisprudence and
Sharia law.
¶5. (SBU) Hazara leader MP Haji Mohammad Mohaqqeq is one of
the few Shia men to moderate his support for the law.
Mohaqqeq had been involved in the drafting and its passage
through Parliament, but now says the law is out of step with
Afghanistan's commitments to women's rights in its
Constitution and international protocols. About 20 Shia MPs
KABUL 00000914 002 OF 002
in the Lower House are loyal to Mohaqqeq and may also
moderate their positions. Several presidential candidates,
including Karzai and presumptive United Front nominee
Abdullah Abdullah, are courting Mohaqqeq for a vice
presidential slot on their tickets. With his revised
position, Mohaqqeq may be looking to offset criticism that
Karzai or another political leader is trading support for the
law in exchange for Mohaqqeq's influence with Afghanistan's
approximately 1 million Hazara voters.
¶6. (SBU) Many Shia women continue to struggle with their
posture toward a law which restricts women's rights but
codifies a legal identity for the Shia minority. A New
York-based women's rights NGO contacted Upper House MP Rida
Azimi (Parwan, Tajik), a Sunni, in late March asking for help
identifying a Shia MP who could serve as a public face in
opposing the bill. Azimi surveyed colleagues, but found no
takers. "In the end, the Shia women were afraid to speak up
or chose their religion over their gender," she said. Lower
House Shia MP Shekeba Hashimi (Kandahar) told PolOff
foreigners should not interfere in Afghanistan's religious
affairs and that most female Shia in the Lower House
supported the law.
Women, Civil Society Organize Their Opposition
----------
¶7. (SBU) However, several female MPs, both Shia and Sunni,
have privately told us they oppose the law. But their
willingness to go on the record against the law varies.
Lower House MP Fawzia Kofi (Badakhshan, Tajik) is meeting
with civil society organizations to help coordinate their
input into the MoJ's review. Shia MP Shah Gul Rezai (Ghazni,
Hazara) is taking a quieter approach, believing that behind
the scenes advocacy will spare women legislators threats from
their male colleagues.
¶8. (U) Both men and women in the reformist Third Line
faction, who numbers about 15 MPs, have pledged to defeat the
law. Third Line MP Mir Ahmad Joyenda (Kabul, Hazara) helped
coordinate a petition against the law. Signers included two
dozen MPs, FM Spanta, and hundreds of academics, religious
experts, and civil society leaders. Given the environment in
which political moderates routinely receive serious threats
for speaking out, Joyenda noted that the willingness of so
many Afghans to go on the record against the law demonstrates
the wide opposition to the law in Afghan society.
Looking Ahead On Women's Rights
---------
¶9. (U) Civil society leaders and many women MPs have
expressed their gratitude for international opposition to the
Shia Family Law. However, many see the law's hoped-for
defeat as only a stop-gap measure against the larger issue of
eroding women's rights. Women's rights advocates point to a
host of other challenges for Afghan women and hope the
international community will be as vocal in support of those
measures as it has been in opposition to this law. Women
MPs, who constitute about 27 percent of the Lower House, are
concerned the government's inattention to threats against
women political leaders will decrease women's participation
in upcoming elections (ref C). In the latest act of violence
against a woman politician, insurgents gunned down Kandahar
Provincial Council member Sitara Achakzai on April 12. Women
leaders also nervously eye reconciliation initiatives with
the Taliban, fearful that the government will trade political
stability for a rollback on women's rights (ref D).
¶10. (U) We agree that strong advocacy for Afghan women
cannot end with opposition to this law. We continue to
support draft legislation now with the MoJ that would
increase punishment for violence against women. We also
support the involvement of women in the reconciliation
process. Finally, we must pay special attention to the role
of women in the upcoming presidential and provincial
elections, ensuring that insurgents' efforts to intimidate
female candidates and voters do not succeed.
RICCIARDONE