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Viewing cable 06PARIS1847, FRANCE'S COPYRIGHT BILL PENALIZES ILLEGAL
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Reference ID | Created | Released | Classification | Origin |
---|---|---|---|---|
06PARIS1847 | 2006-03-22 15:31 | 2011-08-24 00:00 | UNCLASSIFIED//FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY | Embassy Paris |
This record is a partial extract of the original cable. The full text of the original cable is not available.
221531Z Mar 06
UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 02 PARIS 001847
SIPDIS
SENSITIVE
DEPT FOR EB, EB/IPE, EUR/WE
DEPT PLS PASS USTR FOR JSANFORD/VESPINEL/RMEYERS
COMMERCE FOR SJACOBS, SWILSON, PNAAS
E.O. 12958: N/A
TAGS: KIPR ETRD FR
SUBJECT: FRANCE'S COPYRIGHT BILL PENALIZES ILLEGAL
DOWNLOADS; INTRODUCES INTEROPERABILITY OF DIGITAL CONTENT
REF: PARIS 8626
NOT FOR INTERNET DISTRIBUTION
¶1. (SBU) SUMMARY. A final text for France's new digital
copyright law was voted by France's National Assembly on
March 21, following months of fierce debate over how best to
balance consumer rights against copyright in the Internet
age. The complex draft bill, designed to bring France into
line with a 2001 EU directive, outlaws the downloading and
copying of commercial DVDs and CDs, provides an exception
for very limited private use, and establishes fines and
prison sentences as punishment for offenders. The bill,
approved 296 to 193, further provides for the establishment
of a "college of mediators" to decide on copyright
exceptions. Finally, the new law insists on the
"interoperability" of the Apple iTunes Music Store with
other music portals such as Sony, Virgin and FNAC, thus
bypassing digital rights management (DRM). What was
originally seen as an opportunity to adapt France's
Intellectual Property Code to the digital environment and
combating piracy and counterfeiting has become a highly
complex, technical text, incomprehensible even to the most
specialized lawyers. The debate is therefore far from over
as the draft bill moves to the Senate in May, where
parliamentary staff is far more knowledgeable on high-tech
and intellectual property issues than the National Assembly.
End Summary.
The new bill: an embarrassment for the Government
--------------------------------------------- ----
¶2. (SBU) The Law on authors' rights and related rights in
the information society (called DADVSI for short in French)
is the French Government's third attempt to transpose the
2001 EU Copyright Directive. Begun in 2001, the debate on
the draft bill was characterized by mixed messages and
confused strategies. Before being voted by the National
Assembly on March 21, the government had successively
proposed watering down fines and prison sentences for
illegal downloading, withdrawn a proposal to legalize the
copying of a movie and music files from the Internet via a
flat tax (which legislators had seen as popular with youth
voters), and shrouded in confusion a proposal to make music
files playable on any system.
Penalties for illegal downloads
----------------------------------
¶3. (SBU) In its current form, the DADVSI allows for a jail
term of up to six months and a fine of 30,000 euros (USD
37,000) for those who supply software enabling users to
break copyright protection on DVDs and CDs, making them
available on the Internet. Furthermore, people possessing or
using this software to remove copyright protection will face
a fine of 750 euros, while hackers caught working
individually to break the copyright on discs will face a
fine of 3,750 euros. The first-time offender downloading
tunes or a film will be fined 38 euros. U.S. industry had
lobbied discretly to ensure that "habitual" copiers were the
target of enforcement.
Copyright Exceptions
--------------------
¶4. (SBU) One of the key debates in the draft bill was the
nature of the private copy: was there to be legislation
that legalized a private copy or was the "exception" to the
law to be maintained? The current draft bill has not
legitimized the private copy, a concept that was upheld
recently in a court case over illegal copying of a DVD of
David Lynch's 2001 film Mulholland Drive. U.S. industry had
appealed the earlier result. France's top appeal court, the
Cour de Cassation, ruled in February 2006 that there was no
inherent consumer right to make copies, and that the private
copy would remain as an exception. Previously, the
government had offered (on shaky legal grounds) language
that would have allowed five private copies per person. That
language was struck following the Mulholland Drive ruling.
¶5. (U) The draft bill instead will maintain the exception
for private use. Instead, the decision will be left to a
"college of mediators", on a case-by-case basis. This
"college" will also decide on copyright exceptions for
libraries, journalists and handicapped people. This new
independent authority will include two magistrates, who will
choose a third mediator, and will be responsible for
checking the validity of each of the protection measures
used.
Attempting to impose a "universal" format
-----------------------------------------
¶6. (SBU) The new bill attempts to create a universal
standard among commercial standards such as Sony Stage,
Windows Media Player and Apple iTunes. These formats,
unlike compression formats such as MP3, are proprietary
formats whose use is subject to a license or to the use of
software belonging to those companies, the most obvious
example being the format developed by Apple and intended for
the Apple iPod player. To address this problem and impose a
universal system, the National Assembly bill is elusively
calling for "interoperability" between these formats, "in
the respect of copyright law." It makes no reference to
licenses but calls for all license holders (for any format)
to make available to all technical measures necessary for
"an open standard." While this provision applies to all
online music stores, Apple would undoubtedly be the most
affected given its phenomenal market penetration in France,
like elsewhere.
Next Stop: The Senate
----------------------
¶7. (SBU) While industry observers originally thought
France's upper house would rubberstamp the National
Assembly's bill, the Senate is now likely to play a key role
in the shaping of the DADVSI. While some French National
Assembly members have often been caught unaware of the
international consequences of their actions, whether
debating on the WTO negotiations or on high-tech issues, the
Senate has proven a more acute and better-informed observer.
The debate resumes in the Senate in May.
Comment: Electioneering and Lack of Expertise
---------------------------------------------
¶8. (SBU) A French lawyer from Latham and Watkins told us
on March 20 that he had the most difficult time digesting a
draft law which combined electioneering with consumer
rights, leaving aside all the important issues regarding
intellectual property and licenses. In his view, he said
that the government had no business insisting a company
share its proprietary format and accused the government as
well as consumers' groups of pandering to youth
voters/consumers at the expense of clarity. We surmise that
while consumer lobbies had a high impact on the posture that
French National Assembly members presented to their
constituents, corporate lobbies are likely to have more of a
say in the French Senate in May. Ironically, France
intended to break new ground by introducing a "universal"
standard to be copied by all. Instead, it merely succeeded
in combining a series of disjointed provisions -- changed
time and time again -- giving the final product very little
credibility. End Comment.
Stapleton