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Viewing cable 09BUJUMBURA79, ASSESSMENT OF BURUNDIAN LAW ENFORCEMENT AND
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Reference ID | Created | Released | Classification | Origin |
---|---|---|---|---|
09BUJUMBURA79 | 2009-02-17 13:25 | 2011-08-24 00:00 | UNCLASSIFIED | Embassy Bujumbura |
P 171325Z FEB 09
FM AMEMBASSY BUJUMBURA
TO SECSTATE WASHDC PRIORITY 1378
INFO RWANDA COLLECTIVE PRIORITY
AMEMBASSY BRUSSELS PRIORITY
AMEMBASSY LONDON PRIORITY
AMEMBASSY PARIS PRIORITY
AMEMBASSY THE HAGUE PRIORITY
USMISSION USUN NEW YORK PRIORITY
UNCLAS BUJUMBURA 000079
DEPT FOR AF/RSA CHRISTOPHER POMMERER, INL/AAE AARON ALTON,
AND DS/T/ATA TONY GONZALEZ; LONDON, PARIS, PLEASE PASS TO
AF WATCHERS
E.O. 12958: N/A
TAGS: PGOV SOCI KCRM ASEC FR BE NL BY
SUBJECT: ASSESSMENT OF BURUNDIAN LAW ENFORCEMENT AND
JUDICIAL TRAINING NEEDS
REF: STATE 5448
¶1. (SBU) SUMMARY: The Government of Burundi (GOB) faces
significant challenges in reforming its security sector,
including a lack for training for mid-level officers within
the Burundian National Police (PNB) and a pervasive culture
of impunity. The GOB is willing to partner with
international actors in reform efforts, but lacks an
organizational culture that allows training focused on
high-level authorities to permeate throughout the PNB.
Therefore, training for mid-level police in every aspect of
police procedure is Post's highest priority. International
partners, including the Dutch, UN, French and Belgians, are
leading comprehensive security and justice reform efforts
that allow for complementary training programs. END SUMMARY.
--------------------------------------------- -----------
Challenges to Burundi's Non-Military Security Apparatus
--------------------------------------------- -----------
¶2. (SBU) Burundi,s civilian security sector confronts many
challenges, many of which come from within the ranks of the
police themselves. When the civil war ended in 2005 many of
the demobilized rebel fighters were integrated into the
civilian police. As a result the majority of the police
force not only have no formal police training or education
but, as former rebels, had become accustomed to making their
living through extortion and robbery. Post receives regular
reports of police involvement in crimes throughout Burundi.
¶3. (SBU) Further, violent crime is pervasive and Burundi's
security environment is permissive for many other forms of
criminal activity. Of particular concern is the large number
of small arms and light weapons, particularly AK-47s and hand
grenades, circulating within the population. There are few
formal controls on weapons issued to government security
forces and officials cannot even estimate the vast number of
weapons in the hands of private citizens. As a result,
certain provinces experience daily acts of highway robbery,
home invasions, auto theft and retaliatory attacks on
individuals for reasons ranging from land disputes to
political rivalry. Although Burundi is not yet a haven for
drug traffickers and/or money launderers, the lack of
enforcement of laws and prosecution for crimes, as well as
pervasive corruption at all levels, make Burundi a potential
future home for such activities.
¶4. (SBU) Further, the courts face a significant backlog of
cases and lack adequate infrastructure and resources to
address the problem. Years of civil war and minimal judicial
capacity mean that the some civil cases date back several
decades. The judiciary's inability to deal with the backlog
of criminal cases has led to extended pretrial detention
times and overcrowded prisons. Further, widespread impunity
for individuals with means remains a problem and weakens the
population's faith in an equitable justice system.
-----------------------------------------
Can Burundi Respond to these Challenges?
-----------------------------------------
¶5. (SBU) The GOB and the upper echelons of the civilian
security sector understand the problems they face and are the
only members of the sector currently with the capability and
training to address Burundi's challenges. Most of the upper
management of the police have attended advanced courses and
conferences concerning all aspects of enacting laws and law
enforcement but they appear unwilling or unable to transfer
that knowledge to their subordinates. Consequently, officers
in middle management do not understand simple concepts such
as evidence collection or interviewing witnesses. Therefore,
the majority of crimes, with the exception of high-profile
cases, go uninvestigated and trials are rare. Command and
control of the street police is even more limited and street
cops themselves are not empowered nor trained sufficiently to
handle anything but the most obvious crimes.
¶6. (SBU) The justice system suffers from a lack of adequate
resources and organizational ineffectiveness that make it
difficult to overcome the many challenges it faces. Reform
of the system will take many years and a committed group of
partners. The culture of impunity that exists is a political
problem that must be addressed at the highest levels of
government before it is erased at the local level.
Nevertheless, sustained professional training will help speed
progress.
--------------------------------
Burundi's Training Requirements
--------------------------------
¶7. (SBU) The PBN needs training in all aspects of law
enforcement at all but the highest levels. The officers in
middle management need training in the law, leadership,
public affairs, human rights, investigations, forensics,
computers, financial crime, terrorism, traffic law and basic
policing. The street police need to be trained in use of
force, officer safety, weapons maintenance and handling, law,
traffic management, civil rights and how to deal with the
public.
¶8. (SBU) The United Nations and the Belgian Technical
Cooperation are leading a comprehensive reform effort of the
judicial system. However, further resources to assist the
judiciary with training in judicial access, justice for
minors, professionalization of judges, capacity-building for
local administrations and further assistance to victims of
domestic violence are needed.
--------------------------------------------- ----
Burundi's Willingness to be an Effective Partner
--------------------------------------------- ----
¶9. (SBU) The GOB is an eager, willing and receptive partner
in the fight to professionalize its security and justice
sectors. Instead of focusing solely on senior security
officials however, Post feels there is a significant benefit
to training mid-level officers in basic police concepts.
------------------------------
International Partner Efforts
------------------------------
¶10. (SBU) The most significant partners in security sector
capacity-building and reform are the United Nations, the
Belgians, the French and the Dutch. The United Nations is
training police instructors, providing uniforms, gear, radios
and vehicles, as well as assistance in controlling small arms
and light weapons. The Belgians have assisted the PNB in
creating and implementing a training program designed to
train all street police and officers in the basics of human
rights and law enforcement. As of early 2009, 16,000 police
and 1,000 officers have completed the first week-long module
addressing code of conduct, human rights, civics and mission
and organization of the PNB. Six hundred police and 45
officers have also received the second week-long module on
use of force.
¶11. (SBU) The French laid the cornerstone February 16 of a
police academy which will offer a two-year graduate-level
training course to 60 officers per course. The Dutch are
tackling command and control by advising the Ministry of
Internal Security on the creation of a comprehensive 10-year
strategic plan to overhaul and professionalize the PNB. To
assist in the execution of the plan, the Dutch have one
full-time advisor from the Dutch police force that is
embedded with the PNB. Further, the Dutch are financing a
police officer census and the creation of a computer database
to manage human resources, and will provide and assist in
database maintenance. The Dutch are also working to build
six regional police training facilities, but land and
contract disputes have stalled the project. Most countries
with representation in Burundi provide some type of training
support to upper level police officials, but the same
individuals continue to attend the external training.
¶12. (SBU) The United States is promoting police
professionalism through regional training efforts and
programs designed to control small arms and light weapons.
Two officers have been sent to and completed training at the
FBI,s National Academy in Quantico. Burundi has just been
accepted into the International Law Enforcement Academy
(ILEA) in Gaborone. Four officers have already attended DEA
training at ILEA and as many as 14 are scheduled to attend
training before the end of the year. The Department of
Homeland Security is providing training in border security
with regional training to be conducted in Nairobi. The U.S.
is also planning to support the fight against uncontrolled
small arms and light weapons through construction of
police-based armories and by training weapons custodians to
properly implement existing weapons control policies.
¶13. (SBU) The United Nations and the Belgian Technical
Cooperation are leading a comprehensive reform effort of the
judicial system that includes four embedded advisors within
the Ministry of Justice. Further assistance includes
infrastructure development, professioanlization training,
promoting wide judicial access for disadvantaged people,
providing vehicles and computer equipment, and developing a
public relations strategy to help reduce violence against
women and children.
----
POC
----
¶14. (SBU) Further correspondence can be directed to Regional
Security Officer Chris Bakken at bakkenca@state.gov.
Moller