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### Viewing cable 06PHNOMPENH887, KRT JUDGES NAMED: THE GOOD, THE BAD, AND THE UGLY

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Reference ID | Created | Released | Classification | Origin
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
06PHNOMPENH887 | 2006-05-09 09:48 | 2011-07-11 00:00 | CONFIDENTIAL | Embassy Phnom Penh

`

    VZCZCXRO8112
    OO RUEHCHI RUEHDT RUEHHM RUEHNH
    DE RUEHPF #0887/01 1290948
    ZNY CCCCC ZZH
    O 090948Z MAY 06
    FM AMEMBASSY PHNOM PENH
    TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC IMMEDIATE 6622
    INFO RUCNASE/ASEAN MEMBER COLLECTIVE PRIORITY
    RUEHBY/AMEMBASSY CANBERRA PRIORITY 2208
    RUEHLO/AMEMBASSY LONDON PRIORITY 0381
    RUEHOT/AMEMBASSY OTTAWA PRIORITY 0514
    RUEHFR/AMEMBASSY PARIS PRIORITY 0531
    RUEHKO/AMEMBASSY TOKYO PRIORITY 3063
    RUCNDT/USMISSION USUN NEW YORK PRIORITY 2139
    RHHMUNA/HQ USPACOM  PRIORITY
    RUEHGV/USMISSION GENEVA PRIORITY 1427

` `

    C O N F I D E N T I A L SECTION 01 OF 03 PHNOM PENH 000887

    SIPDIS

    SIPDIS

    STATE FOR EAP/MLS AND S/WCI; GENEVA FOR RMA

    E.O. 12958: DECL: 05/07/2016
    TAGS: PGOV KJUS PREL CB
    SUBJECT: KRT JUDGES NAMED:  THE GOOD, THE BAD, AND THE UGLY

    Classified By: A/DCM Margaret B. McKean; Reasons 1.5 (b) and (d).

    ¶1.  (C)  Summary.  On May 7, the Cambodian Government
    announced the names of the Cambodian and international judges
    selected by the Supreme Council of the Magistracy and
    approved by the King.  The results are a mixed bag of good,
    middling, and poor choices.  Initial soundings within the
    diplomatic community suggest that, while some missions are
    unhappy over a few picks, no one at the moment is planning to
    issue a negative statement.  The Japanese Embassy met with PM
    Hun Sen on May 8, and aired concerns over some names on the
    list.  The EU did the same in a private May 8 meeting with
    Deputy Prime Minister Sok An.  The list symbolizes a missed
    opportunity for the RGC to put its best judicial face on the
    proceedings, but at least a few of the best candidates did
    make the cut.  Both American names are listed in the reserve
    categories.  End Summary.

    Judges Chosen:  A Mixed Bag
    ---------------------------

    ¶2.  (C)  After months of waiting, the Cambodian government on
    May 4 issued a Royal Decree naming the Cambodian and
    international judges to the Khmer Rouge Tribunal.  The final
    decree follows very closely a list leaked to several NGOs in
    early April.  The names are as follows:

    Judges in the Trial Chamber

    Mr. Nil Nonn
    Mr. Thou Mony
    Mr. Ya Sokhan
    Ms. Silvia Cartwright (New Zealand)
    Mr. Jean-Marc Lavergne (France)

    Reserve:  Mr. You Ottara; Ms. Claudia Fenz (Austria)

    Judges in the Supreme Court Chamber

    H.E. Kong Srim
    Mr. Som Sereyvuth
    Mr. Sin Rith
    Mr. Ya Narin
    Mr. Motoo Noguchi (Japan)
    Ms. Agnieszka Klonowiecka-Milart (Poland)
    Mr. Chandra Nihal Jayasinghe (Sri Lanka)

    Reserve:  Mr Mong Monichariya; Mr. Martin Karopkin (U.S.)

    Co-Investigating Judges

    Mr. You Bun Leng
    Marcel Lemonde (France)

    Reserve:  Mr. Thong Ol; International (to be announced)

    Co-Prosecutors

    Ms. Chea Leang
    Mr. Robert Petit (Canada)

    Reserve:  H.E. Chuon Sun Leng; Mr. Paul Coffey (U.S.)

    Pre-Trial Chamber

    H.E. Prak Kimsan
    H.E. Ney Thol
    Mr. Huot Vuthy
    Mr. Rowan Downing (Australia)
    Ms. Katinka Lahuis (Netherlands)

    Reserve:  Mr. Pen Pichsaly; International -- none

    Note:  We have emailed separately to the desk on the
    unclassified system the same list of names with what bio

    SIPDIS
    information we know on each of them.

    Who's Who Among the Judges
    --------------------------

    ¶3.  (C)  The best judges selected appear to be the

    PHNOM PENH 00000887  002 OF 003

    investigating judge -- You Bun Leng (who currently sits on
    the Appeals Court) and Supreme Chamber President Kong Srim
    (Deputy General Prosecutor of the Appeals Court).  Both were
    listed by the Open Society Justice Initiative as "best" picks
    among Cambodia's jurists.  You Ben Leng has received strong,
    favorable comments from a variety of NGOs and legal analysts.
     The reserve prosecutor, Chuon Sun Leng is also a good pick,
    as is You Ottara -- the reserve judge for the trial chambers.
     Chuon Sun Leng is the Deputy Prosecutor General of the
    Supreme Court while You Ottara is a Supreme Court judge.  Nil
    Nonn, President of the Trial Chamber was a good pick, albeit
    not a standout choice.  The UN Human Rights Office, however,
    gave Nil Nonn high marks for cooperation with their office on
    several cases of interest. Sin Rith, one of the choices for
    the Supreme Chamber, is considered a good selection.  Mong
    Monichariya, a reserve judge for the Supreme Chamber, is also
    highly thought of among NGOs.  While some of the best picks
    are on the Supreme Chamber, that chamber may see the least
    action since it is an appeals body.  (Note:  The Japanese
    Embassy was particularly irritated that as the Tribunal's
    larges donor, the Japanese nominee was chosen for the
    Supreme Chamber.  The Japanese had wanted him to play a more
    prominent role in the Trial Chamber.  End Note.)

    ¶4.  (C)  In the bad ategory are included the other two
    judges in the Trial Chamber -- Thou Mony, an Appeals Court
    judge and Ya Sokhan.  Both are considered politically biased
    and not good picks.  Thou Mony was one of the Appeals Court
    judges who released Hun Sen's nephew in the appeals process
    after the young man was convicted in a high-profile car
    accident and a shooting incident that resulted in three
    deaths.  He also ruled on behalf of Ky Teck in connection
    with tQpasQear's controversial Bar Association elections
    that were highly criticized by Bar Association membership.
    The Bar Association still remains moribund and divided.  Ya
    Sokhan has been disciplined by the Supreme Council of the
    Magistracy (SCM) in 2005 and forcibly transferred to Bantey
    Meanchey.  Likewise, Huot Vuthy, one of the nominees for the
    Pre-Trial Chamber, was also disciplined by the SCM and a
    record placed in his personnel file.  Both men appear to have
    been sanctioned for holding detainees in jail beyond the
    allowed period.  Thong Ol (reserve investigating judge) is
    considered very close to the CPP and presided over
    independent radio producer Mam Sonando's defamation hearing
    that sent Sonando to prison.

    ¶5.  (C)  In the ugly category is Ney Thol, the President of
    the Military Court who had presided over last year's
    political show trial of opposition parliamentarian Cheam
    Channy -- a procedure that was legally flawed and roundly
    criticized by the international community.  Helen Jarvis has
    countered criticism of Ney Thol's appointment by saying that
    military law will be relevant to the proceedings and
    therefore he is qualified to join the Tribunal.  Sean Vissoth
    has argued to us that Ney Thol has worked on the Ta Mok and
    Duch (two detainees implicated in the Khmer Rouge genocide)
    cases for the past 6-7 years.  Ney Thol is a member of the
    Pre-Trial Chamber, which will meet only to resolve
    differences between either the co-investigating judges or the
    co-prosecutors. While the pre-Trial Chamber has the potential
    to play an important role in deciding who will be prosecuted,
    respected Cambodian jurist Kim Sathavy suggested privately to
    us that the body might play a very limited role.  It is yet
    to be seen.

    ¶6.  (C)  The Cambodian selection for prosecutor, Chea Leang,
    is a niece by marriage to one of Sok An's cousins.  Her
    nomination has raised questions of nepotism; Helen Jarvis has
    told us that the linkage to Sok An is not strong and
    dismissed any notion that her nomination was orchestrated by
    the DPM.  Margo Picken of the UN Human Rights Office tells us
    that she has been moderately cooperative with her office.
    Likewise, the Japanese Embassy, which has some legal advisors
    in Cambodia, believes that her appointment can be defended on
    the basis of merit.

    ¶7.  (C)  The saving points are You Ben Leng as investigating
    judge - a key position; and Nil Nonn as President of the
    Trial Chamber.  The two other Cambodian judges within the
    Trial Chamber (Ya Sokhan and Thou Mony) are problematic.
    Margo Picken and others point to the strong international
    judges, particularly Dame Silvia Cartwright from New Zealand

    PHNOM PENH 00000887  003 OF 003

    as positive counterweights.  The Pre-Trial Chambers where Ney
    Thol and Huot Vuthy will be working is also weak.

    What Others are Saying
    ----------------------

    ¶8.  (C)  Phnom Penh-based diplomats have privately expressed
    disappointment with the choice of Ney Thol, but also some
    relief that relatively good jurists were picked for some
    important jobs.  Margo Picken spoke for many in saying that
    it was not the best possible list, but also not the worst.
    The UN office here and the Canadian, German, French, British
    and Japanese embassies have all told us they do not intend to
    criticize the list publicly.  That said, visiting EU
    Ambassador Hamburger raised concerns about Ney Thol in a
    meeting with DPM Sok AN May 8 and received no clear reply
    except that the judges had met the criteria established in
    the 2004 agreement with the UN.  The Japanese Ambassador
    raised concerns regarding some the Cambodian judicial
    personnel with Prime Minister Hun Sen on May 8; Hun Sen
    reportedly said that the selection process would have to be
    addressed by the Minister of Justice, as the PM has remained
    independent of the matter.  (Comment:  This is a bit of
    dodge, given the PM's direct involvement in high profile
    legal decisions in the past.  End Comment.)

    ¶9.  (C)  Comment.  While the judicial talent on hand in
    Cambodia is quite limited, many had hoped that the Cambodian
    government would use the KRT to turn a page on the country's
    troubled legal system and present the best possible face of
    the Cambodian judiciary -- one that would underscore the
    government's stated commitment to judicial independence and
    legal reform.  However, the list of judges falls short of
    Cambodia's judicial "dream team" and constitutes a missed
    opportunity to rebut critics who repeatedly decried the
    delays and lack of transparency in the selection process.
    The presence of jurists who presided in highly political
    cases -- especially Ney Thol who ruled in the widely
    condemned Cheam Channy case -- provides further grounds for
    suspicion of RGC commitment.  NGOs like LICADHO and ADHOC
    were not surprised by the list, saying the Tribunal has
    always been about RGC control.  The diplomatic community and
    the UN are unlikely to publicly criticize the list, even if
    they may express concerns privately.  In sum, the Cambodian
    judicial roster does not inspire the level of confidence in
    the proceedings that we would have liked to have had at this
    stage.  However, it is too soon to prejudge how things will
    play out once the Tribunal begins its work, when the dynamic
    between Cambodian an international jurists will likely set
    the tone for the proceedings.  End Comment.
    STORELLA

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