APPENDIX.
THE GENEALOGIES.
THE LIST OF
NAMES
AND
THE SECOND
'SILMARILLION'
MAP.
I THE GENEALOGIES.
These belong essentially with the earliest Annals of Beleriand, but
though I knew of their existence (since they are referred to in the List of
Names) I presumed them lost, and only recently discovered this small
manuscript, after the work on Vol. IV was completed. It consists of
genealogical tables of the Elvish princes, of the three houses of the
Fathers of Men, and of the houses of the Eastern Men. There is no need
to reproduce these tables, but only to mention certain details that are not
found elsewhere. In the first of them are some additional persons:
Elwe, Lord of the Teleri (who is called 'Lord of Ships'), has a son
Elulindo;
Fingon has a son Findobar (this name, simply as a name, occurs in the
Etymologies under the stems PHIN (written Findabar) and MBAR);
Orodreth, in addition to his son Halmir, has a younger son Orodlin.
The genealogies of Men have dates of birth and death. These were a
good deal emended, changing them by a year or two, but in the result are
almost exactly as in the earlier version of AB i. The following are
however not given in the Annals in any version (if they had been they
would of course have been extended in two steps, first by a hundred years
and then by two hundred years).
Elboron son of Dior born 192; Elbereth his brother born 195 (they
were thus fourteen and eleven years old at their deaths, AB 2 annal 306);
Hurin died in '? 200' (in annal zoo in AB i, repeated in AB 2, 'of his fate
no certain tidings are known');
Ulfand the Swart born 100, died 170; Uldor the Accursed born 125,
Ulfast born 128, Ulwar born 130;
Bor the Faithful born 120; Borlas born 143; Boromir born 145;
Borthandos born 147.
In addition to the genealogical tables there is also a table of the
divisions of the Qendi which is almost the same as that given with the
lhammas on p. 197, and together with this table is a list of the many
names by which the Lindar, Noldor, and Teleri were known. This list is
a first form of that in QS $29 (note to the text), and all the names found
here are found also in the longer list in QS; but there are here also many
Elvish names which (apart from Soloneldi) are not found in QS:
The Lindar are named also Tarqendi 'High-elves', Vanimor 'the
Beautiful' [> Irimor 'the Fair Ones'], and Ninqendi 'White-elves';
The Noldor are named also Nurqendi Deep-elves, Ainimor [written
above: Istimor] 'the Wise', and Kuluqendi 'Golden-elves',
The Teleri are named also Falmarindi 'Foam-riders', Soloneldi
'Musicians of the shore', and Veaneldar 'Sea-elves'.
The name Vanimor is used in A V 2 of the lesser spirits of Valarin race,
among whom were 'later numbered' also the Valarindi, the Children of
the Valar (pp. 110, 121); the latter are the Vanimor in the Etymologies,
stem BAN, but under the negative stems UGU, UMU the name is
translated 'fair folk = (men and) elves'. Some other of these
names also appear in the Etymologies: Tarqendi (TA), Nurqendi
(NU), Istimor (is), Falmarindi (PHAL), Soloneldi (SOL). With Irimor
cf. Irima ye Numenor in The Lost Road (p. 72), and see stem ID.
II. THE LIST OF NAMES.
During the 1930S my father began the task of making an alphabetic list,
with definitions, of all the names in his works concerned with the legends
of the Elder Days. A list of sources is attached to this list, and the entries
are accompanied by full references to sources (by page-number or annal-
date) - but these references are almost entirely confined to the Annals of
Beleriand and the Genealogies: the only others are a few to the first pages
of the Qenta Noldorinwa (Q) and two to the Map. In the list of sources
'Annals of Beleriand' and 'Genealogies' are marked with a tick; it is clear
then that my father had indexed these and made a beginning on Q when
he stopped.
As the List of Names was originally written the references are only to
the first version of AB i (but include additions made to that text
subsequently and given in the notes in I V. 310 - 13). But after the list was
abandoned as a methodical work of reference my father added to it more
haphazardly, without references, and these later additions show use of
the second version of AB i, as well as some names that do not appear in
any of the texts; entries were also substantially modified and extended.
The majority of the entries do not in fact add anything in their
definitions to what is available in the sources, and it is quite unnecessary
to give the work in full. There follows here a small selection from the
material, this being restricted to those entries or parts of entries which
have some particular feature of interest (mostly concerning names or
name-forms).
Aldaron The Noldorin equivalent is given as Galadon, which does not
appear elsewhere.
Balrog is said to be an Orc-word with no pure Qenya equivalent:
'borrowed Malaroko-'; contrast the Etymologies, stems NCWAL, RUK.
Beleriand 'Originally land about southern Sirion, named by the Elves
of the Havens from Cape Balar, and Bay of Balar into which Sirion
flowed; extended to all lands south of Hithlum and Taur-na-Danion,
and west of Eredlindon. Its southern borders undefined. Sometimes
includes Doriath and Ossiriand.' With this statement of the extent of
Beleriand cf. QS $ 108; and with the derivation of the name Beleriand
from Cape Balar, Bay of Balar, cf. the Etymologies, stem BAL. This is
the first occurrence of Cape Balar, which was however marked in on
the second Map as originally drawn and lettered.
Beren The surnames of Beren were first given as Mablosgen 'Empty-
handed' and Ermabuin 'One-handed' (as in AB z annal 232). The
former was changed to Mablothren and then to Camlost (and in a
separate entry Mablosgen > Mablost); the latter to Erchamui and then
to Erchamion (again as in AB z, note 22). From the Etymologies (stems
KAB, MAP) it appears that the names containing the element mab are
Ilkorin (Doriathrin) names, while those containing cam, cham are
Noldorin.
Cinderion 'Gnomish name = Hither Lands'. This name has no ref-
erence to a source; it is found nowhere else, nor any form at all like it.
Cristhorn was emended first to Cil-thorn and then to Cil-thor(o)ndor,
with the definition 'Eagle-cleft of Thorondor King of Eagles'. The
forms Cilthoron and Cilthorondor are found in the Etymologies (stem
KIL), as also is Cristhoron (KIRIS).
Dagor Delothrin 'The Last Battle, "the Terrible Battle", in which
Fionwe overcame Morgoth.' The reference given is to AB x annal 250,
where however no Elvish name is found. In a cross-reference in the
list to the Last Battle it is called also 'the Long Battle' (for it lasted fifty
years).
Dagor Nirnaith is given as a name of the Battle of Unnumbered Tears.
Dark-elves 'Translation of Moreldar (also called Ilkorindi, those who
came not to Kor), the name of all the Elves who remained wandering
in the Hither Lands...' The term Moreldar is not found elsewhere.
The nomenclature here is of course that of Q ($2), where Eldar = 'all
Elves' and the Ilkorindi or Dark-elves are those who were lost on the
Great March.
Bor-deloth, or Dor-na-Daideloth '"Land of Dread" or "Land of the
Shadow of Dread", those regions east of Eredwethion and north of
Taur-na-Danion which Morgoth ruled; but its borders were ever
increased southward, and early it included Taur-na-Fuin.'
Dorthanion is stated to be a Doriathrin name: thanion = 'of pines'
(than). See the Etymologies, stem THON.
Dwarves 'Called by the Dark-elves (and so by the Gnomes) Nauglar
(singular Naugla).'Nauglar appears in an addition to AB r (IV. 311);
the QS form is Naugrim.
Elivorn 'Lake-Black in Dor Granthir.' This was a latter addition to the
list and has no source-reference. Elivorn may well have been the form
erased and replaced by Helevorn in QS $ 118. Dor Granthir is found in
the same passage in QS.
Eredlindon '"Blue Mountains" (lind blue), eastern bounds of
Beleriand.' See the commentary on QS $ 108.
Eredlumin '"Gloomy Mountains", mountains to east [read west] of
Hithlum, overlooking the Seas.' As the list was originally made, Ered-
lomin was at both occurrences written Ered-lumin. I have noted (IV.
192 - 3) that both the meaning of the name and its application were
changed, so that Ered-lomin 'Shadowy Mountains', to the east and
south of Hithlum, as in Q, became Ered-lomin 'Echoing Mountains',
the coastal range west of Hithlum; and at the same time the meaning of
Dor-lomin changed from 'Land of Shadows' to 'Land of Echoes'. In
the List of Names as originally made the new name for the mountains
east and south of Hithlum, Eredwethion 'Shadowy Mountains',
already appears (with the etymology gwath 'shadow'), and there is
here therefore a halfway stage, when Ered-lomin (-lumin) had become
the name of the coastal range but did not yet have the significance
'Echoing'. There is no doubt an etymological halfway stage also,
which I take to be the explanation of the lumin form (found also
in Dor-lumin on the second Map): the source was now the stem
LUM, given in the Etymologies as the source of Hith-lum (and of Q
Hisilumbe, changed to Hisilome under the influence of lome 'night':
Q lumbe 'gloom, shadow'). Hence the translation here 'Gloomy
Mountains', which is not found elsewhere. Finally the interpretation
'Echoing' arose, with derivation of -lomin from the stem LAM.
Fingolfin The cairn of Fingolfin is called Sarnas Fingolfin.
Fuin Daidelos 'Night of Dread's Shadow' or 'Deadly Nightshade' is
given as a name of Taur-na-Fuin.
Gothmog '= Voice of Goth (Morgoth), an Orc-name.' Morgoth is
explained at its place in the list as 'formed from his Orc-name Goth
"Lord or Master", with mor "dark or black" prefixed.' These entries in
the List of Names have been discussed in II. 67. In the Etymologies the
element goth is differently explained in Gothmog (GOS, GOTH) and in
Morgoth (KOT, but with a suggestion that the name 'may also contain
GOTH ).
Gurtholfin was subsequently changed to Gurtholvin and then to
Gurtholf. Gurtholfin > Gurtholf also in AB 2, note 39; see the
Etymologies, stems GOLOB and NGUR.
Hithlum is translated 'Mist-and-Dusk'; see the Etymologies, stems
KHIS and LUM.
Kuivienen The Noldorin name Nen Echui is given; this is found in the
Etymologies, stem KUY.
Morgoth See Gothmog.
Orcs 'Gnomish orch, pl. eirch, erch; Qenya ork, orqui borrowed from
Gnomish. A folk devised and brought into being by Morgoth to war on
Elves and Men; sometimes translated "Goblins", but they were of
nearly human stature.' See the entry OROK in the Etymologies.
Sarn Athrad is translated 'Stone of Crossing'.
Sirion The length of Sirion is given as 'about goo miles' from Eithil
Sirion to the Delta. In QS $ 107 the length of the river from the Pass of
Sirion to the Delta is 121 leagues, which if measured in a straight line
from the northern opening of the Pass agrees with the scale on the
second Map of 3'2 Cm. = 50 miles (see p. 272). But the List of Names
and the original drawing of the second Map were associated, and two
of the references given in the list are made to the Map, so that the figure
of goo miles (300 leagues) is hard to account for.
Sirion's Haven: '(Siriombar), the settlement of Tuor and the
remnants of Doriath at Eges-sirion; also called Sirion.' The name
Siriombar only occurs here; cf. Brithornbar.
Mouths of Sirion: '(Eges-sirion), the various branches of Sirion at
its delta, also the region of the delta.' Above the second s of Eges-sirion
(a name not found elsewhere) is written an h, showing the change of
original s to h in medial position.
Sirion's Well: '(Eithil or Eithil Sirion), the sources of Sirion, and the
fortress of Fingolfin and Fingon near the spring.'
Tol Thu is another name for Tol-na-Gaurhoth.
Tulkas 'The youngest and strongest of the nine Valar.' The reference is
to Q, IV. 79, but it is not said there that Tulkas was the youngest of the
Valar.
III THE SECOND 'SILMARILLION' MAP
The second map of Middle-earth west of the Blue Mountains in the Elder
Days was also the last. My father never made another; and over many
years this one became covered all over with alterations and additions of
names and features, not a few of them so hastily or faintly pencilled as to
be more or less obscure. This was the basis for my map in the published
'Silmarillion'.
The original element in the map can however be readily perceived
from the fine and careful pen (all subsequent change was roughly done);
and I give here on four successive pages a reproduction of the map as it
was originally drawn and lettered. I have taken pains to make this as
close a copy of the original as I could, though I do not guarantee the exact
correspondence of every tree.
It is clear that this second map, developed from that given in Vol. IV,
belonged in its original form with the earlier work of the 1930S: it was in
fact closely associated with the List of Names - which in two cases (Eglor
and Eredlumin, although Eredlumin is not marked on the map) gives
'Map' as the source-reference - as is shown by certain name-forms
common to both, e.g. Dor-deloth, Dor-lumin, Eithil Sirion, and by the
occurrence in both of Cape Balar (see the entry Beleriand in the List of
Names). Moreover the date in 'Realm of Nargothrond Beyond the river
(until 195)' on the map associates it with the original Annals of Beleriand,
where the fall of the redoubt took place in that year (IV. 305), as does the
river-name Rathlorion (later Rathloriel).
The map is on four sheets, originally pasted together but now
separate, in which the map-squares do not entirely coincide with the
sheets. In my reproductions I have followed the squares rather than the
original sheets. I have numbered the squares horizontally right across the
map from 1 to 15, and lettered them vertically from A to M, so that each
square has a different combination of letter and figure for subsequent
reference. I hope later to give an account of all changes made to the map
afterwards, using these redrawings as a basis. The scale is 50 miles to
3'2 cm. (the length of the sides of the squares); see p. 272.
There are various developments in the physical features of the lands
from the first Map (such as the large island lying off the coast west of
Drengist; the Mountains of Mithrim; the eastern tributary arm of
Gelion; the isle of Balar), but I shall not here make a detailed comparison
between the two. It will be seen that at this stage my father entered
remarkably few names on the new map - far fewer than were in existence,
in marked contrast to the old one, which names Ivrin, Thangorodrim,
Angband, Mount Dolm, the Hill of Spies, the great mountain-chains,
etc. On the second map such features as Lake Ivrin and Mount Dolm are
nonetheless shown, and of course some names added in roughly later
may well go back to the early period; but as this is impossible to tell I have
omitted everything in the redrawing that is not original. I cannot explain
the mountain blacked-in to the west of Ivrin (square D5), nor the large
mound, if that is what it is, between Sirion and Mindeb (E8), nor again
the curious circular bay on the coast below Drengist (C3). On the very
strange representation of Thangorodrim, isolated in a circle of smaller
peaks, see p. 271.
Especially interesting is the appearance of Tavrobel in the Forest of
Brethil. In the literary texts of this period Tavrobel is named only in the
preamble to AV i (cited on p. 201), as Pengolod's home in Tol Eressea
'after his return unto the West', where AElfwine (Eriol) saw and trans-
lated the Annals; from this preamble was developed that to QS (p. 203),
where however the name is written Tathrobel. On the other hand, in the
Etymologies (stem PEL(ES)) Tavrobel is mentioned as the 'village of
Turin in the forest of Brethil, and name of village in Tol Eressea'; the
first element is Noldorin tafr, tavor, 'woodpecker' (TAM), and the second
means '(fenced) village' (Qenya opele, Noldorin gobel). The following
evidences thus appear:
(1) In the earliest legends Tavrobel (originally translated 'wood-
home', I. 267) had likewise a double meaning: it was Great Haywood in
Staffordshire in England, and it bore, according to complex and
changing conceptions by this time long since lost, a particular relation to
Gilfanon's home of the same name in Tol Eressea (see II. 292 - 3 310).
(2) Haywood was in Old English baeg-wudu 'enclosed wood' (II.
328).
(3) Later (in the post-Lord of the Rings period) the dwellings of the
Men of Brethil to whom Turin came were ca1led Ephel Brandir 'the
encircling fence of Brandir' (ephel derived from et-pel 'outer fence'), and
this village was on an eminence in the forest called Amon Obel.
(4) In the Etymologies, Tavrobel is still the name of two places, the
village of the Woodmen in Brethil, and a village in Tol Eressea, where (in
the preambles to A V x and QS) Pengolod (successor, as I have argued in
IV. 274, to Gilfanon) dwelt.
But there is no indication at all why Tavrobel should still be used twice
in this way. It may be thought that my father did not wish finally to
abandon this old and deep association of his youth; and it is tempting
therefore to see his bestowal at this time of the name Tavrobel in this way
and in this place as an echo of Great Haywood, and perhaps not entirely
fanciful to wonder whether he was influenced by the confluence of the
two rivers, Taiglin and Sirion, not wholly unlike, in their relative courses
here, that of the Sow and the Trent at Great Haywood (I. 396).*
(* Gilfanon's house, the House of the Hundred Chimneys, stood near the
bridge of Tavrobel (I. 174-5), where two rivers, Gruir and Afros, joined (II.
284, 287). I noted (I. 196 note 5) the possibility that there was, or is, a house that
gave rise to Gilfanon's; and it has been pointed out to me by Mr G. L. Elkin,
Acting Director of the Shugborough Estate, who has kindly supplied me with
photographs and a detailed map, that Shugborough Hall, the home of the Earls
of Lichfield and now the property of the National Trust, is near the end of the old
packhorse bridge (called the Essex Bridge) which crosses the rivers at their
confluence, and that the chimneys of the mansion are a prominent feature. It
seems very likely that it was my father's sight of the great house through the trees
and its smoking chimneys as he stood on the bridge that lies, in some sense,
behind the House of the Hundred Chimneys in the old legend. Mr Elkin has
further suggested that the High Heath or Heath of the Sky-roof, where the great
battle was fought, so that it became the Withered Heath (II. 284, 287-8), might
be Hopton Heath (where a battle of the Civil War was fought in 1643), which lies
a few miles to the North-west.)