APPENDIX. THE GENEALOGIES. THE LIST OF NAMES AND THE SECOND 'SILMARILLION' MAP. I THE GENEALOGIES. These belong essentially with the earliest Annals of Beleriand, but though I knew of their existence (since they are referred to in the List of Names) I presumed them lost, and only recently discovered this small manuscript, after the work on Vol. IV was completed. It consists of genealogical tables of the Elvish princes, of the three houses of the Fathers of Men, and of the houses of the Eastern Men. There is no need to reproduce these tables, but only to mention certain details that are not found elsewhere. In the first of them are some additional persons: Elwe, Lord of the Teleri (who is called 'Lord of Ships'), has a son Elulindo; Fingon has a son Findobar (this name, simply as a name, occurs in the Etymologies under the stems PHIN (written Findabar) and MBAR); Orodreth, in addition to his son Halmir, has a younger son Orodlin. The genealogies of Men have dates of birth and death. These were a good deal emended, changing them by a year or two, but in the result are almost exactly as in the earlier version of AB i. The following are however not given in the Annals in any version (if they had been they would of course have been extended in two steps, first by a hundred years and then by two hundred years). Elboron son of Dior born 192; Elbereth his brother born 195 (they were thus fourteen and eleven years old at their deaths, AB 2 annal 306); Hurin died in '? 200' (in annal zoo in AB i, repeated in AB 2, 'of his fate no certain tidings are known'); Ulfand the Swart born 100, died 170; Uldor the Accursed born 125, Ulfast born 128, Ulwar born 130; Bor the Faithful born 120; Borlas born 143; Boromir born 145; Borthandos born 147. In addition to the genealogical tables there is also a table of the divisions of the Qendi which is almost the same as that given with the lhammas on p. 197, and together with this table is a list of the many names by which the Lindar, Noldor, and Teleri were known. This list is a first form of that in QS $29 (note to the text), and all the names found here are found also in the longer list in QS; but there are here also many Elvish names which (apart from Soloneldi) are not found in QS: The Lindar are named also Tarqendi 'High-elves', Vanimor 'the Beautiful' [> Irimor 'the Fair Ones'], and Ninqendi 'White-elves'; The Noldor are named also Nurqendi Deep-elves, Ainimor [written above: Istimor] 'the Wise', and Kuluqendi 'Golden-elves', The Teleri are named also Falmarindi 'Foam-riders', Soloneldi 'Musicians of the shore', and Veaneldar 'Sea-elves'. The name Vanimor is used in A V 2 of the lesser spirits of Valarin race, among whom were 'later numbered' also the Valarindi, the Children of the Valar (pp. 110, 121); the latter are the Vanimor in the Etymologies, stem BAN, but under the negative stems UGU, UMU the name is translated 'fair folk = (men and) elves'. Some other of these names also appear in the Etymologies: Tarqendi (TA), Nurqendi (NU), Istimor (is), Falmarindi (PHAL), Soloneldi (SOL). With Irimor cf. Irima ye Numenor in The Lost Road (p. 72), and see stem ID. II. THE LIST OF NAMES. During the 1930S my father began the task of making an alphabetic list, with definitions, of all the names in his works concerned with the legends of the Elder Days. A list of sources is attached to this list, and the entries are accompanied by full references to sources (by page-number or annal- date) - but these references are almost entirely confined to the Annals of Beleriand and the Genealogies: the only others are a few to the first pages of the Qenta Noldorinwa (Q) and two to the Map. In the list of sources 'Annals of Beleriand' and 'Genealogies' are marked with a tick; it is clear then that my father had indexed these and made a beginning on Q when he stopped. As the List of Names was originally written the references are only to the first version of AB i (but include additions made to that text subsequently and given in the notes in I V. 310 - 13). But after the list was abandoned as a methodical work of reference my father added to it more haphazardly, without references, and these later additions show use of the second version of AB i, as well as some names that do not appear in any of the texts; entries were also substantially modified and extended. The majority of the entries do not in fact add anything in their definitions to what is available in the sources, and it is quite unnecessary to give the work in full. There follows here a small selection from the material, this being restricted to those entries or parts of entries which have some particular feature of interest (mostly concerning names or name-forms). Aldaron The Noldorin equivalent is given as Galadon, which does not appear elsewhere. Balrog is said to be an Orc-word with no pure Qenya equivalent: 'borrowed Malaroko-'; contrast the Etymologies, stems NCWAL, RUK. Beleriand 'Originally land about southern Sirion, named by the Elves of the Havens from Cape Balar, and Bay of Balar into which Sirion flowed; extended to all lands south of Hithlum and Taur-na-Danion, and west of Eredlindon. Its southern borders undefined. Sometimes includes Doriath and Ossiriand.' With this statement of the extent of Beleriand cf. QS $ 108; and with the derivation of the name Beleriand from Cape Balar, Bay of Balar, cf. the Etymologies, stem BAL. This is the first occurrence of Cape Balar, which was however marked in on the second Map as originally drawn and lettered. Beren The surnames of Beren were first given as Mablosgen 'Empty- handed' and Ermabuin 'One-handed' (as in AB z annal 232). The former was changed to Mablothren and then to Camlost (and in a separate entry Mablosgen > Mablost); the latter to Erchamui and then to Erchamion (again as in AB z, note 22). From the Etymologies (stems KAB, MAP) it appears that the names containing the element mab are Ilkorin (Doriathrin) names, while those containing cam, cham are Noldorin. Cinderion 'Gnomish name = Hither Lands'. This name has no ref- erence to a source; it is found nowhere else, nor any form at all like it. Cristhorn was emended first to Cil-thorn and then to Cil-thor(o)ndor, with the definition 'Eagle-cleft of Thorondor King of Eagles'. The forms Cilthoron and Cilthorondor are found in the Etymologies (stem KIL), as also is Cristhoron (KIRIS). Dagor Delothrin 'The Last Battle, "the Terrible Battle", in which Fionwe overcame Morgoth.' The reference given is to AB x annal 250, where however no Elvish name is found. In a cross-reference in the list to the Last Battle it is called also 'the Long Battle' (for it lasted fifty years). Dagor Nirnaith is given as a name of the Battle of Unnumbered Tears. Dark-elves 'Translation of Moreldar (also called Ilkorindi, those who came not to Kor), the name of all the Elves who remained wandering in the Hither Lands...' The term Moreldar is not found elsewhere. The nomenclature here is of course that of Q ($2), where Eldar = 'all Elves' and the Ilkorindi or Dark-elves are those who were lost on the Great March. Bor-deloth, or Dor-na-Daideloth '"Land of Dread" or "Land of the Shadow of Dread", those regions east of Eredwethion and north of Taur-na-Danion which Morgoth ruled; but its borders were ever increased southward, and early it included Taur-na-Fuin.' Dorthanion is stated to be a Doriathrin name: thanion = 'of pines' (than). See the Etymologies, stem THON. Dwarves 'Called by the Dark-elves (and so by the Gnomes) Nauglar (singular Naugla).'Nauglar appears in an addition to AB r (IV. 311); the QS form is Naugrim. Elivorn 'Lake-Black in Dor Granthir.' This was a latter addition to the list and has no source-reference. Elivorn may well have been the form erased and replaced by Helevorn in QS $ 118. Dor Granthir is found in the same passage in QS. Eredlindon '"Blue Mountains" (lind blue), eastern bounds of Beleriand.' See the commentary on QS $ 108. Eredlumin '"Gloomy Mountains", mountains to east [read west] of Hithlum, overlooking the Seas.' As the list was originally made, Ered- lomin was at both occurrences written Ered-lumin. I have noted (IV. 192 - 3) that both the meaning of the name and its application were changed, so that Ered-lomin 'Shadowy Mountains', to the east and south of Hithlum, as in Q, became Ered-lomin 'Echoing Mountains', the coastal range west of Hithlum; and at the same time the meaning of Dor-lomin changed from 'Land of Shadows' to 'Land of Echoes'. In the List of Names as originally made the new name for the mountains east and south of Hithlum, Eredwethion 'Shadowy Mountains', already appears (with the etymology gwath 'shadow'), and there is here therefore a halfway stage, when Ered-lomin (-lumin) had become the name of the coastal range but did not yet have the significance 'Echoing'. There is no doubt an etymological halfway stage also, which I take to be the explanation of the lumin form (found also in Dor-lumin on the second Map): the source was now the stem LUM, given in the Etymologies as the source of Hith-lum (and of Q Hisilumbe, changed to Hisilome under the influence of lome 'night': Q lumbe 'gloom, shadow'). Hence the translation here 'Gloomy Mountains', which is not found elsewhere. Finally the interpretation 'Echoing' arose, with derivation of -lomin from the stem LAM. Fingolfin The cairn of Fingolfin is called Sarnas Fingolfin. Fuin Daidelos 'Night of Dread's Shadow' or 'Deadly Nightshade' is given as a name of Taur-na-Fuin. Gothmog '= Voice of Goth (Morgoth), an Orc-name.' Morgoth is explained at its place in the list as 'formed from his Orc-name Goth "Lord or Master", with mor "dark or black" prefixed.' These entries in the List of Names have been discussed in II. 67. In the Etymologies the element goth is differently explained in Gothmog (GOS, GOTH) and in Morgoth (KOT, but with a suggestion that the name 'may also contain GOTH ). Gurtholfin was subsequently changed to Gurtholvin and then to Gurtholf. Gurtholfin > Gurtholf also in AB 2, note 39; see the Etymologies, stems GOLOB and NGUR. Hithlum is translated 'Mist-and-Dusk'; see the Etymologies, stems KHIS and LUM. Kuivienen The Noldorin name Nen Echui is given; this is found in the Etymologies, stem KUY. Morgoth See Gothmog. Orcs 'Gnomish orch, pl. eirch, erch; Qenya ork, orqui borrowed from Gnomish. A folk devised and brought into being by Morgoth to war on Elves and Men; sometimes translated "Goblins", but they were of nearly human stature.' See the entry OROK in the Etymologies. Sarn Athrad is translated 'Stone of Crossing'. Sirion The length of Sirion is given as 'about goo miles' from Eithil Sirion to the Delta. In QS $ 107 the length of the river from the Pass of Sirion to the Delta is 121 leagues, which if measured in a straight line from the northern opening of the Pass agrees with the scale on the second Map of 3'2 Cm. = 50 miles (see p. 272). But the List of Names and the original drawing of the second Map were associated, and two of the references given in the list are made to the Map, so that the figure of goo miles (300 leagues) is hard to account for. Sirion's Haven: '(Siriombar), the settlement of Tuor and the remnants of Doriath at Eges-sirion; also called Sirion.' The name Siriombar only occurs here; cf. Brithornbar. Mouths of Sirion: '(Eges-sirion), the various branches of Sirion at its delta, also the region of the delta.' Above the second s of Eges-sirion (a name not found elsewhere) is written an h, showing the change of original s to h in medial position. Sirion's Well: '(Eithil or Eithil Sirion), the sources of Sirion, and the fortress of Fingolfin and Fingon near the spring.' Tol Thu is another name for Tol-na-Gaurhoth. Tulkas 'The youngest and strongest of the nine Valar.' The reference is to Q, IV. 79, but it is not said there that Tulkas was the youngest of the Valar. III THE SECOND 'SILMARILLION' MAP The second map of Middle-earth west of the Blue Mountains in the Elder Days was also the last. My father never made another; and over many years this one became covered all over with alterations and additions of names and features, not a few of them so hastily or faintly pencilled as to be more or less obscure. This was the basis for my map in the published 'Silmarillion'. The original element in the map can however be readily perceived from the fine and careful pen (all subsequent change was roughly done); and I give here on four successive pages a reproduction of the map as it was originally drawn and lettered. I have taken pains to make this as close a copy of the original as I could, though I do not guarantee the exact correspondence of every tree. It is clear that this second map, developed from that given in Vol. IV, belonged in its original form with the earlier work of the 1930S: it was in fact closely associated with the List of Names - which in two cases (Eglor and Eredlumin, although Eredlumin is not marked on the map) gives 'Map' as the source-reference - as is shown by certain name-forms common to both, e.g. Dor-deloth, Dor-lumin, Eithil Sirion, and by the occurrence in both of Cape Balar (see the entry Beleriand in the List of Names). Moreover the date in 'Realm of Nargothrond Beyond the river (until 195)' on the map associates it with the original Annals of Beleriand, where the fall of the redoubt took place in that year (IV. 305), as does the river-name Rathlorion (later Rathloriel). The map is on four sheets, originally pasted together but now separate, in which the map-squares do not entirely coincide with the sheets. In my reproductions I have followed the squares rather than the original sheets. I have numbered the squares horizontally right across the map from 1 to 15, and lettered them vertically from A to M, so that each square has a different combination of letter and figure for subsequent reference. I hope later to give an account of all changes made to the map afterwards, using these redrawings as a basis. The scale is 50 miles to 3'2 cm. (the length of the sides of the squares); see p. 272. There are various developments in the physical features of the lands from the first Map (such as the large island lying off the coast west of Drengist; the Mountains of Mithrim; the eastern tributary arm of Gelion; the isle of Balar), but I shall not here make a detailed comparison between the two. It will be seen that at this stage my father entered remarkably few names on the new map - far fewer than were in existence, in marked contrast to the old one, which names Ivrin, Thangorodrim, Angband, Mount Dolm, the Hill of Spies, the great mountain-chains, etc. On the second map such features as Lake Ivrin and Mount Dolm are nonetheless shown, and of course some names added in roughly later may well go back to the early period; but as this is impossible to tell I have omitted everything in the redrawing that is not original. I cannot explain the mountain blacked-in to the west of Ivrin (square D5), nor the large mound, if that is what it is, between Sirion and Mindeb (E8), nor again the curious circular bay on the coast below Drengist (C3). On the very strange representation of Thangorodrim, isolated in a circle of smaller peaks, see p. 271. Especially interesting is the appearance of Tavrobel in the Forest of Brethil. In the literary texts of this period Tavrobel is named only in the preamble to AV i (cited on p. 201), as Pengolod's home in Tol Eressea 'after his return unto the West', where AElfwine (Eriol) saw and trans- lated the Annals; from this preamble was developed that to QS (p. 203), where however the name is written Tathrobel. On the other hand, in the Etymologies (stem PEL(ES)) Tavrobel is mentioned as the 'village of Turin in the forest of Brethil, and name of village in Tol Eressea'; the first element is Noldorin tafr, tavor, 'woodpecker' (TAM), and the second means '(fenced) village' (Qenya opele, Noldorin gobel). The following evidences thus appear: (1) In the earliest legends Tavrobel (originally translated 'wood- home', I. 267) had likewise a double meaning: it was Great Haywood in Staffordshire in England, and it bore, according to complex and changing conceptions by this time long since lost, a particular relation to Gilfanon's home of the same name in Tol Eressea (see II. 292 - 3 310). (2) Haywood was in Old English baeg-wudu 'enclosed wood' (II. 328). (3) Later (in the post-Lord of the Rings period) the dwellings of the Men of Brethil to whom Turin came were ca1led Ephel Brandir 'the encircling fence of Brandir' (ephel derived from et-pel 'outer fence'), and this village was on an eminence in the forest called Amon Obel. (4) In the Etymologies, Tavrobel is still the name of two places, the village of the Woodmen in Brethil, and a village in Tol Eressea, where (in the preambles to A V x and QS) Pengolod (successor, as I have argued in IV. 274, to Gilfanon) dwelt. But there is no indication at all why Tavrobel should still be used twice in this way. It may be thought that my father did not wish finally to abandon this old and deep association of his youth; and it is tempting therefore to see his bestowal at this time of the name Tavrobel in this way and in this place as an echo of Great Haywood, and perhaps not entirely fanciful to wonder whether he was influenced by the confluence of the two rivers, Taiglin and Sirion, not wholly unlike, in their relative courses here, that of the Sow and the Trent at Great Haywood (I. 396).* (* Gilfanon's house, the House of the Hundred Chimneys, stood near the bridge of Tavrobel (I. 174-5), where two rivers, Gruir and Afros, joined (II. 284, 287). I noted (I. 196 note 5) the possibility that there was, or is, a house that gave rise to Gilfanon's; and it has been pointed out to me by Mr G. L. Elkin, Acting Director of the Shugborough Estate, who has kindly supplied me with photographs and a detailed map, that Shugborough Hall, the home of the Earls of Lichfield and now the property of the National Trust, is near the end of the old packhorse bridge (called the Essex Bridge) which crosses the rivers at their confluence, and that the chimneys of the mansion are a prominent feature. It seems very likely that it was my father's sight of the great house through the trees and its smoking chimneys as he stood on the bridge that lies, in some sense, behind the House of the Hundred Chimneys in the old legend. Mr Elkin has further suggested that the High Heath or Heath of the Sky-roof, where the great battle was fought, so that it became the Withered Heath (II. 284, 287-8), might be Hopton Heath (where a battle of the Civil War was fought in 1643), which lies a few miles to the North-west.)