Swedenborg’s footnotes, referenced by superscript letters appearing in the main text, comprise references to his previously published Secrets of Heaven (1749–1756). These references sometimes have obvious errors. Where a plausible correction has been found, it has been inserted in square brackets. These corrections have, furthermore, been italicized as an indication that they are intended to replace the preceding entry, not augment it. In the two instances where no alternative has been found, the reading of the first edition is followed by a question mark in italicized square brackets: [?]; in another two instances, certain references that seem to have been intended by Swedenborg but were inadvertently omitted by him have been inserted in roman brackets. For the background of these references, see the translator’s preface. It should be observed that Swedenborg used the lettering series a–z, aa–zz, aaa–zzz before starting over at a, whereas in this edition the lettering starts over after each chapter heading. A few comments by the translator have been included within Swedenborg’s footnotes.

The system used in Swedenborg’s footnotes to indicate corrections and additions has also been applied to citations of the Bible and of Swedenborg’s works that appear in the main text of the translation: that is, italicized brackets indicate a correction and roman brackets indicate an addition. Words not appearing in the original but necessary for the understanding of the text also appear in roman brackets; this device has been used sparingly, however, even at the risk of some inconsistency in its application.

The comments of the translator, indicated by the notation [GFD]; the annotator, indicated by [RHK]; and the series editor, indicated by [JSR], are printed as endnotes; these notes are referenced by superscript numbers appearing in the main text. Translations in the endnotes are those of the indicated writer.

Swedenborg did not number the chapters of Heaven and Hell. His decision not to do so seems to have been deliberate, and in accord with it, chapter numbers are not included in the text. However, because some studies of this work make reference to chapter numbers, the table of contents provides them.

As is common in Swedenborgian studies, text citations of Swedenborg’s works refer not to page numbers but to Swedenborg’s section numbers, which are uniform in all editions. Thus “Secrets of Heaven 29” refers to section 29 (§29) of Secrets of Heaven. A reference such as 29:2 indicates subsection 2 of section 29, marked by [2] in the section itself.

References to Swedenborg’s works in this volume accord with the short titles listed below, except where he gives his own version of a title in the text of the translation, or where other translations are cited by the annotators. In this list, the short title is followed by the traditional translation for the title; by the original Latin title, with its full translation; and finally by the place and date of original publication if Swedenborg published it himself, or the approximate date of writing if he did not. The list is chronological, except for certain nontheological and posthumously published works, which are grouped separately.

Theological Works Published by Swedenborg

Secrets of Heaven

Traditional title: Arcana Coelestia

Original title: Arcana Coelestia, Quae in Scriptura Sacra, seu Verbo Domini sunt, Detecta: . . . Una cum Mirabilibus Quae Visa Sunt in Mundo Spirituum, et in Coelo Angelorum [A Disclosure of Secrets of Heaven Contained in Sacred Scripture, or the Word of the Lord, Together with Amazing Things Seen in the World of Spirits and in the Heaven of Angels]. London: 1749–1756.

Heaven and Hell

Traditional title: Heaven and Hell

Original title: De Coelo et Ejus Mirabilibus, et de Inferno, ex Auditis et Visis [Heaven and Its Wonders and Hell; Drawn from Things Heard and Seen]. London: 1758.

New Jerusalem

Traditional title: New Jerusalem and Its Heavenly Doctrine

Original title: De Nova Hierosolyma et Ejus Doctrina Coelesti: ex Auditis e Coelo: Quibus Praemittitur Aliquid de Novo Coelo et Nova Terra. [The New Jerusalem and Its Heavenly Teaching; Drawn from Things Heard from Heaven: Preceded by a Discussion of the New Heaven and the New Earth]. London: 1758.

Last Judgment

Traditional title: The Last Judgment

Original title: De Ultimo Judicio, et de Babylonia Destructa: Ita Quod omnia, Quae in Apocalypsi Praedicta Sunt, Hodie Impleta Sunt: Ex Auditis et Visis. [The Last Judgment and Babylon Destroyed, Showing That at This Day All the Predictions of the Book of Revelation Have Been Fulfilled: Drawn from Things Heard and Seen]. London: 1758.

White Horse

Traditional title: The White Horse

Original title: De Equo Albo, de Quo in Apocalypsi, Cap.XIX: et Dein de Verbo et Ejus Sensu Spirituali seu Interno, ex Arcanis Coelestibus [The White Horse in Revelation Chapter 19; and the Word and Its Spiritual Sense (from Secrets of Heaven)]. London: 1758.

Other Planets

Traditional title: Earths in the Universe

Original title: De Telluribus in Mundo Nostro Solari, Quae Vocantur Planetae, et de Telluribus in Coelo Astrifero, deque Illarum Incolis, Tum de Spiritibus et Angeli Ibi: ex Auditis et Visis. [Planets or Worlds in Our Solar System, and Worlds in the Starry Heavens, and Their Inhabitants, as Well as the Spirits and Angels There: Drawn from Things Heard and Seen]. London: 1758.

The Lord

Traditional title: Doctrine of the Lord

Original title: Doctrina Novae Hierosolymae de Domino [Teachings for the New Jerusalem on the Lord]. Amsterdam: 1763.

Sacred Scripture

Traditional title: Doctrine of the Sacred Scripture

Original title: Doctrina Novae Hierosolymae de Scriptura Sacra [Teachings for the New Jerusalem on Sacred Scripture]. Amsterdam: 1763.

Life

Traditional title: Doctrine of Life

Original title: Doctrina Vitae pro Nova ex Praeceptis Decalogi [Teachings about Life for the New Jerusalem: Drawn from the Ten Commandments]. Amsterdam: 1763.

Faith

Traditional title: Doctrine of Faith

Original title: Doctrina Novae Hierosolymae de Fide [Teachings for the New Jerusalem on Faith]. Amsterdam: 1763.

Supplements

Traditional title: Continuation concerning the Last Judgment

Continuatio de Ultimo Judicio: Et de Mundo Spirituali [Supplements on the Last Judgment and the Spiritual World]. Amsterdam: 1763.

Divine Love and Wisdom

Traditional title: Divine Love and Wisdow

Original title: Sapientia Angelica de Divino Amore et de Divina Sapientia [Angelic Wisdom about Divine Love and Wisdom]. Amsterdam: 1763.

Divine Providence

Traditional title: Divine Providence

Original title: Sapientia Angelica de Divinia Providentia [Angelic Wisdom about Divine Providence]. Amsterdam: 1764.

Revelation Unveiled

Traditional title: Apocalypse Revealed

Original title: Apocalypsis Revelata, in Qua Deteguntur Arcana Quae Ibi Praedicta Sunt, et Hactenus Recondita Latuerunt [The Book of Revelation Unveiled, Uncovering the Secrets That Were Foretold There and Have Lain Hidden until Now]. Amsterdam: 1766.

Marriage Love

Traditional title: Conjugial Love

Original title: Delitiae Sapientiae de Amore Conjugiali: Post Quas Sequuntur Voluptates Insaniae de Amore Scortatorio [Wisdom’s Delight in Marriage Love: Followed by Insanity’s Pleasure in Promiscuous Love]. Amsterdam: 1768.

Survey

Traditional title: Brief Exposition

Original title: Summaria Expositio Doctrinae Novae Ecclesiae, Quae per Novam Hierosolymam in Apocalypsi Intelligitur [Survey of Teachings for the New Church Meant by the New Jerusalem in the Book of Revelation]. Amsterdam: 1769.

Soul-Body Interaction

Traditional title: Intercourse between the Soul and Body

Original title: De Commercia Animae et Corporis, quod Creditur Fieri vel per Influxum Physicum, vel per Influxum Spiritualem, vel per Harmoniam Praestabilitam [The Interaction between Soul and Body That Some Attribute to a Flow of Energy from the Body, Some to a Flow of Energy from the Spirit, and Some to a Preestablished Harmony]. London: 1769.

True Christianity

Traditional title: True Christian Religion

Original title: Vera Christiana Religio, Continens Universam Theologiam Novae Ecclesiae a Domino Apud Danielem Cap. VII:13–14, et in Apocalypsi Cap. XXI:1, 2 Praedictae [True Christianity: Containing the Whole Theology of the New Church Predicted by the Lord in Daniel 7:13–14 and Revelation 21:1, 2]. Amsterdam: 1771.

Nontheological and Posthumously Published Works Cited in Heaven and Hell

Joyous Applause

Traditional Title: Festivus Applausus

Original Title: Festivus Applausus in Caroli XII  . . . in Pomeraniam Suam Adventum [Joyous Accolade for Charles XII’s . . . Arrival in His Own Pomerania]. Greifswald: [1714–1715].

Northern Muse

Traditional Title: Camena Borea

Original Title: Camena Borea cum Heroum et Heroidum Factis Ludens [The Northern Muse Amusing Herself with the Deeds of Heroes and Heroines]. Greifswald: 1715.

Dynamics of the Soul’s Domain

Traditional Title: Economy of the Animal Kingdom

Original Title: Oeconomia Regni Animalis in Transactiones Divisa [Dynamics of the Soul’s Domain: Divided into Treatises]. Amsterdam: 1740–1748.

Rational Psychology

Traditional Title: Rational Psychology

Original Title: [Psychologia Rationalis] [Rational Psychology]. 1742.

The Soul’s Domain

Traditional Title: The Animal Kingdom

Original Title: Regnum Animale, Anatomice, Physice, et Philosophice Perlustratum [The Soul’s Domain Thoroughly Examined by Means of Anatomy, Physics, and Philosophy] The Hague: 1744–1745.

The Old Testament Explained

Traditional Title: The Word Explained

Original Title: Explicatio in Verbum Historicum Veteris Testamenti [The Historical Word of the Old Testament Explained]. 1745–1747.

Spiritual Experiences

Tradition Title: The Spiritual Diary

Original Title: Experientiae Spirituales [Spiritual Experiences]. 1745–1765.

Revelation Explained

Traditional Title: Apocalypse Explained

Original Title: Apocalypsis Explicata secundum Sensum Spiritualem, Ubi Revelantur Arcana, Quae Ibi Praedicta, et Hactenus Recondita Fuerunt [The Book of Revelation Explained as to Its Spiritual Meaning, Where Secrets Are Revealed That Were Predicted There and Have Been Hidden until Now]. 1757–1759.

Biblical Titles

Swedenborg referred to the Hebrew Scriptures as the Old Testament; his terminology has been adopted in this edition. As was the custom in his day, he referred to the Pentateuch (Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy) as the books of Moses; to the Psalms as the book of David; and occasionally to the Book of Revelation as John.