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VIGAN

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Originally appearing in Volume V28, Page 59 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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VIGAN , a See also:

town and the See also:capital of the See also:province of Ilocos Sur, Luzon, Philippine Islands, at the mouth of the Abra See also:river, about 200 M. N. by W. of See also:Manila. Pop. of the See also:municipality (1903) 14,945; after the See also:census of 1903 was taken there were See also:united to Vigan the municipalities of Bantay (pop. 7020), See also:San See also:Vicente (pop. 5o6o), See also:Santa Catalina (pop. 5625) and Coayan (pop. 62o1), making the See also:total See also:population of the municipality 38,851. Vigan is the See also:residence of the See also:bishop of Nueva See also:Segovia and has a See also:fine See also:cathedral, a substantial See also:court-See also:house, other durable public buildings and a See also:monument to Juan de Salcedo, its founder. It is engaged in farming, fishing, the manufacture of See also:brick, See also:tile, See also:cotton fabrics and See also:furniture, and the See also:building of boats. The See also:language is Ilocano. VIGEE-See also:LEBRUN, See also:MARIE-See also:ANNE ELISABETH (1755-1842), See also:French painter, was See also:born in See also:Paris, the daughter of a painter, from whom she received her first instruction, though shebenefited more by the See also:advice of See also:Doyen, See also:Greuze, See also:Joseph See also:Vernet and other masters of the See also:period. When only about twenty years of See also:age she had already risen to fame with her portraits of See also:Count Orloff and the duchess of See also:Orleans, her See also:personal See also:charm making her at the same See also:time a favourite in society.

In 1776 she married the painter and See also:

art-critic J. B. P. Lebrun, and in 1783 her picture of " See also:Peace bringing back Abundance " (now at the Louvre) gained her the membership of the See also:Academy. When the Revolution See also:broke out in 1789 she escaped first to See also:Italy, where she worked at See also:Rome and See also:Naples. At Rome she painted the portraits of Princesses See also:Adelaide and See also:Victoria, and at Naples the " See also:Lady ,See also:Hamilton as a Bacchante " now in the collection of Mr Tankerville See also:Chamberlayne; and then journeyed to See also:Vienna, See also:Berlin and St See also:Petersburg. She returned to Paris in 1781, but went in the following See also:year to See also:London, where she painted the portraits of See also:Lord See also:Byron and the See also:prince of See also:Wales, and in 18o8 to See also:Switzerland. Her numerous journeys, and the See also:vogue she enjoyed wherever she went, See also:account for the numerous portraits from her See also:brush that are to be found in the See also:great collections of many countries. Having returned to See also:France from Switzerland, she lived first at her See also:country house near Marly and then in Paris, where she died at the age of eighty-seven, in 1842, having been widowed for twenty-nine years. She published her own See also:memoirs under the. See also:title .of Souvenirs (Paris, 1835-37). Among her many sitters was Marie Antoinette, of whom she painted over twenty portraits between 1779 and 1789. A portrait of the artist is in the See also:hall of the painters at the Uffizi, and another at the See also:National See also:Gallery.

The Louvre owns two portraits of Mme Lebrun and her daughter, besides five other, portraits and an allegorical See also:

composition. A full account of her eventful See also:life is given in the artist's Souvenirs, and in C. Pillet's Mme Vigee-Le Brun (Paris, 1890). The artist's autobiography has been translated by Lionel See also:Strachey, Memoirs of Mme Vigee-Lebrun (New See also:York, 1903), fully illustrated.

End of Article: VIGAN

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