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URBAN VI

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Originally appearing in Volume V27, Page 792 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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URBAN VI . (Bartolommeo Prignano), See also:pope from the 8th of See also:April 1378 to the 15th of See also:October 1389, was See also:born at See also:Naples in 1318. He was made See also:bishop of See also:Acerenza in 1364, and in 1377 was translated to the archiepiscopal see of See also:Bari and placed in See also:charge of the papal See also:chancery. On the See also:death of See also:Gregory XI., who had finally returned to See also:Rome from See also:Avignon, he was elected pope in a See also:conclave held under circumstances of See also:great excitement, owing to popular See also:apprehension of an intention of the See also:French cardinals to elect a French pope and again abandon Rome. The populace See also:broke into the See also:hall after the See also:election had been made and dispersed the cardinals, but the latter returned and confirmed their See also:action on the following See also:day. Urban VI. turned his See also:attention at once to the See also:reformation of the higher See also:clergy, and, in spite of the warnings of See also:Catherine of See also:Siena, so angered the cardinals by his harsh and See also:ill-tempered See also:measures that they assembled at Anagni in See also:July 1378, and revoked his election, in which they declared they had acted under fear of violence. On the loth of See also:September they elected at See also:Fondi the See also:Cardinal See also:Robert of See also:Geneva, who called himself See also:Clement VII. and took up his See also:residence at Avignon. Urban, on the other See also:hand, remained at Rome, where he appointed twenty-six new cardinals and excommunicated Clement and his adherents. Thus began the Great See also:Schism which divided the Western See also:Church for about fifty years. Urban deposed See also:Joanna of Naples (21st of April 138o) for adhering to See also:France and See also:Savoy in sup-See also:port of the antipope, and gave her See also:kingdom to See also:Charles of Durazzo. Charles was crowned at Rome on the 1st of See also:June 1381, but three years later quarrelled with the pope and shut him up in Nocera. Urban succeeded in escaping to See also:Genoa, where he put several of his cardinals to death for suspected disloyalty.

On the death of Charles he set out with an See also:

army apparently to seize Naples for his See also:nephew if not for himself. To raise funds he proclaimed, by See also:bull of the 11th of April 1389, a See also:jubilee for every See also:thirty-three years, but before the celebration could be held he died of injuries caused by a fall from his See also:mule. Urban was frugal and never practised See also:simony, but harshness, lack of tact, and fondness for unworthy nephews disgraced his pontificate. He was succeeded by See also:Boniface IX. The See also:chief See also:sources for the See also:life of Urban VI. are in Baluzius, Vitae Pap. Avenion. (See also:Paris, 1693) ; Theoderici de Nyem De schismate Libri tres, ed. by G. Eyler (See also:Leipzig, 1890) ; Sauerlande, " Actenstucke zur Gesth. See also:des Papstes Urban VI.," in Hist. Jahrbuch der See also:GOrres-Gesellschaft, xiv. (1893); " Acta Urbani VI. et Bonifatii IX.," ed. C. Krofta, in Monumenta vaticana res gestas Bohemicas illustrantia (See also:Prague, 19o5); Der See also:Liber Cancellariae Apostolicae vom Jahre 138o, ed. by G.

Erler (Leipzig, 1888) ; Il Trattato di S. Vincenzo Ferrer intorno al grande schisma d'Occidente, ed. by A. Sorbelli (See also:

Bologna, 1906). 792 For contemporary accounts of Urban see: Tommasucci, in Platina, De vitis -Pontiff. Rom ; Oldoin, continuator of Ciaconius, Vitae et res gestae summorum Pontiff. Rom. ; and Simonin, Gesta Urbani (See also:Antwerp, 1637). A See also:rich collection of materials was made by See also:Andrea Niccoletti, Della vita di Papa Urbano VIII. e See also:storm del suo pontificato, never published, but extensively used by See also:Ranke and others. See also Ranke, Popes (Eng. trans., See also:Austin), ii. 552 seq., iii. 1 seq., 21 seq. ; v.

See also:

Reumont, Gesch. der Stadt Rom, iii. 2, 611 seq., 702 seq. ; See also:Santa Pieralisa, Urbano VIII. e Galileo Galilei (Rome, 1875) ; See also:Gregorovius, Urban VIII. See also:im Widerspruch zu Spanien u. dem Kaiser (See also:Stuttgart, 1879) ; and Weech, Urban VIII. (See also:London, 1905). (T. F.

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