Online Encyclopedia

Search over 40,000 articles from the original, classic Encyclopedia Britannica, 11th Edition.

SYNODS OF ANTIOCH

Online Encyclopedia
Originally appearing in Volume V02, Page 132 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
» Make a correction to this article.
» Add information or comments to this article.
Spread the word: del.icio.us del.icio.us it!

SYNODS OF See also:

ANTIOCH . Beginning with three synods convened between 264 and 269 in the See also:matter of See also:Paul of See also:Samosata, more than See also:thirty See also:councils were held in Antioch in See also:ancient times. Most of these dealt with phases of the Arian and of the Christological controversies. The most celebrated took See also:place in the summer of 341 at the See also:dedication of the See also:golden See also:Basilica, and is therefore called in encaeniis (iv iyrcatviois), in dedicatione. Nearly a See also:hundred bishops were See also:present, all from the Orient, but the See also:bishop of See also:Rome was not represented. The See also:emperor See also:Constantius attended in See also:person. The See also:council approved three See also:creeds (See also:Hahn, §§ 153-155). Whether or no the so-called "See also:fourth See also:formula" (Hahn, § 156) is to be ascribed to a continuation of this See also:synod or to a subsequent but distinct See also:assembly of the same See also:year, its aim is like that of the first three; while repudiating certain Arian formulas it avoids the Athanasian See also:shibboleth " homoousios." The somewhat colourless See also:compromise doubtless proceeded from the party of See also:Eusebius of See also:Nicomedia, and proved not inacceptable to the more nearly orthodox members of the synod. The twenty-five canons adopted regulate the so-called See also:metropolitan constitution of the See also:church. Ecclesiastical See also:power is vested chiefly in the metropolitan (later called See also:archbishop), and the semi-See also:annual provincial synod (cf. See also:Nicaea, See also:canon 5), which he See also:summons and over which he presides. Consequently the See also:powers of See also:country bishops (chorepiscopi) are curtailed, and See also:direct recourse to the emperor is forbidden.

The See also:

sentence of one judicatory is to be respected by other judicatories of equal See also:rank; re-trial may take place only before that authority to whom See also:appeal regularly lies (see canons 3, 4, 6). Without due invitation, a bishop may not ordain, or in any other way interfere with affairs lying outside his groper territory; nor may he appoint his own successor. Penalties are set on the refusal to celebrate See also:Easter in accordance with the Nicene See also:decree, as well as on leaving a church before the service of the See also:Eucharist is completed. The numerous objections made by eminent scholars in past centuries to the ascription of these twenty-five canons to the synod in encaeniis have been elaborately stated and probably refuted by See also:Hefele. The canons formed See also:part of the Codex canonum used at See also:Chalcedon in 451 and passed over into the later collections of See also:East and See also:West. The canons are printed in See also:Greek by Mansi ii. 1307 if., Bruns i. 8o if., Lauchert 43 if., and translated by Hefele, Councils, ii. 67 if. and by H. R. See also:Percival in the Nicene and See also:Post-Nicene Fathers, 2nd See also:series, xiv. 1o8 if.

The four dogmatic formulas are given by G. See also:

Ludwig Hahn, Bibliothek der Symbole, 3rd edition (See also:Breslau, 1897), 183 ff. ; for See also:translations compare the Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, 2nd series, iv. 461 if., ii. 39 if., ix. 12, H. 44, and Hefele, ii. 76 if. For full titles see CouxciLS. (W. W.

End of Article: SYNODS OF ANTIOCH

Additional information and Comments

There are no comments yet for this article.
» Add information or comments to this article.
Please link directly to this article:
Highlight the code below, right click, and select "copy." Then paste it into your website, email, or other HTML.
Site content, images, and layout Copyright © 2006 - Net Industries, worldwide.
Do not copy, download, transfer, or otherwise replicate the site content in whole or in part.

Links to articles and home page are always encouraged.

[back]
SYNODIC PERIOD 		[next]
SYNTHESIS (Gr. a6vOeacs, from avvrcBivac, to put to...

Site © 2006 - Net Industries