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SPOONBILL . The See also:bird now so called was formerly known in See also:England as the Shovelard or Shovelar, while that which used to See also:bear the name of Spoonbill, often amplified into See also:Spoon-billed See also:Duck, is the See also:Shoveler (q.v.) of See also:modern days—the See also:exchange of names having been effected as already stated (loc. cit.) about 200 years ago, when the subject of the See also:present See also:notice—the Platalea leucorodia of See also:Linnaeus as.well as of See also:recent writers—was doubtless far better known than now, since it evidently was, from See also:ancient documents, the See also:constant concomitant of Herons, and with them the See also:law attempted to protect it.' J. E. Harting (Zoologist, 1886, pp. 81 seq.) has cited a See also:case from the " See also:Year-See also:Book " of 14 See also:Hen. VIII. (1523), wherein the then See also:bishop of See also:London (See also:Cuthbert See also:Tunstall) maintained an See also:action of trespass against the See also:tenant of a See also:close at See also:Fulham for taking Herons and " Shovelars " that made their nests on the trees therein growing, and has also printed (Zoologist, 1877, pp. 425 seq.) an old document showing that "Shovelars " bred in certain See also:woods in See also:west See also:Sussex in 1570. Nearly one See also:hundred years later (c. 1662) See also:Sir See also:- THOMAS
- THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
- THOMAS (d. 110o)
- THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
- THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
- THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
- THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
- THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
- THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
- THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
- THOMAS, ST
- THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
- THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)
Thomas See also:- BROWNE
- BROWNE, EDWARD HAROLD (18,1–1891)
- BROWNE, ISAAC HAWKINS (1705-1760)
- BROWNE, JAMES (1793–1841)
- BROWNE, MAXIMILIAN ULYSSES, COUNT VON, BARON DE CAMUS AND MOUNTANY (1705-1757)
- BROWNE, PETER (?1665-1735)
- BROWNE, ROBERT (1550-1633)
- BROWNE, SIR JAMES (1839–1896)
- BROWNE, SIR THOMAS (1605-1682)
- BROWNE, WILLIAM (1591–1643)
- BROWNE, WILLIAM GEORGE (1768-1813)
Browne, in his " See also:Account of Birds found in. See also:Norfolk " (See also:Works, ed. Wilkin, iv. 315, 316), stated of the " Platea or Shovelard " that it formerly " built in the Hernerie at Claxton and Reedham, now at Trimley in See also:Suffolk." This last is the latest known See also:- PROOF (in M. Eng. preove, proeve, preve, &°c., from O. Fr . prueve, proeve, &c., mod. preuve, Late. Lat. proba, probate, to prove, to test the goodness of anything, probus, good)
proof of the breeding of the See also:species in England; but more recent See also:evidence to that effect may be hoped for from other See also:sources. That the Spoonbill was in the fullest sense of the word a " native " of England is thus incontestably shown; but for many years past it has only been a more or less See also:regular visitant, though not seldom in considerable See also:numbers, which would doubt-less, if allowed, once more make their See also:home there; but its conspicuous See also:appearance renders it an easy See also:mark for the greedy See also:gunner and the contemptible See also:collector. What may have been the case formerly is not known, except that, according to P. See also:Belon, it nested in his See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time (1555) in the See also:borders of See also:Brittany and See also:Poitou; but as regards See also:north-western See also:Europe it seems of See also:late years to have bred only in See also:- HOLLAND
- HOLLAND, CHARLES (1733–1769)
- HOLLAND, COUNTY AND PROVINCE OF
- HOLLAND, HENRY FOX, 1ST BARON (1705–1774)
- HOLLAND, HENRY RICH, 1ST EARL OF (1S9o-,649)
- HOLLAND, HENRY RICHARD VASSALL FOX, 3RD
- HOLLAND, JOSIAH GILBERT (1819-1881)
- HOLLAND, PHILEMON (1552-1637)
- HOLLAND, RICHARD, or RICHARD DE HOLANDE (fl. 1450)
- HOLLAND, SIR HENRY, BART
Holland, and there it has been deprived by drainage of its favourite resorts, one after the other, so that it must shortly become merely a stranger, except in See also:Spain or the See also:basin of the See also:Danube and other parts of See also:south-eastern Europe.
The Spoonbill ranges over the greater See also:part of See also:middle and See also:southern See also:Asia,2 and breeds abundantly in See also:India, as well as on some of the islands in the Red See also:Sea, and seems to be See also:resident throughout See also:Northern See also:Africa. In Southern Africa its See also:place is taken by an allied species with red legs, P. cristata or tenuirostris,
1 Nothing shows better the futility of the old statutes for the See also:protection of birds than the fact that in 1534 the taking of the eggs of Herons, Spoonbills (Shovelars), See also:Cranes, Bitterns and Bustards was visited by a heavy See also:penalty, while there was none for destroying the See also:parent birds in the breeding See also:season. All of the species just named, except the See also:Heron, have passed away, while there is strong See also:reason to think that some at least might have survived had the principle of the Levitical law (Dent. xxii. 6) been followed.
2 Ornithologists have been in doubt as to the recognition of two species from See also:Japan described by Temminck and See also:Schlegel under the names of P. See also:major and P. miner. It has been suggested that the former is only the See also:young of P. leucorodia, and the latter the young of the Australian P. regia.
which also goes to See also:Madagascar. See also:Australia has two other species, P. regia or melanorhynchus, with See also:black See also:bill and feet, and P. flavipes, in which those parts are yellow. The very beautiful and wholly different P. ajaja is the Roseate Spoonbill of See also:America, and is the only one found on that See also:continent, the tropical or juxta-tropical parts of which it inhabits. The See also:rich See also:pink, deepening in some parts into See also:crimson, of nearly all its plumage, together with the yellowish See also:green of its See also:bare See also:head and its See also:lake-coloured legs, sufficiently marks this bird; but all the other species are almost wholly clothed in pure See also:- WHITE
- WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
- WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
- WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
- WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
- WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
- WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
- WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
- WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
- WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
- WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
- WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
- WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
- WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)
white, though the See also:English has, when adult, a See also:fine See also:buff See also:pectoral See also:band, and the spoon-shaped expanse of its bill is yellow, contrasting with the black of the compressed and basal portion. Its legs are also black. In the breeding season, a pendent tuft of white plumes further ornaments the head of both sexes, but is longest in the male. The young of the year have the See also:primary quills dark-coloured.
The Spoonbills See also:form a natural See also:group, Plataleinae, allied to the Ibididae, and somewhat more distantly to the Storks (see See also:STORK). They breed in See also:societies, not only of their own See also:kind, but in See also:company with Herons, either on trees or in See also:reed-beds, making large nests in which are commonly laid four eggs—white, speckled, streaked or blotched, but never very closely, with See also:light red. Such breeding stations have been several times described, as for instance by P. L. Sclater and W. A. See also:Forbes (See also:Ibis, 1877, p. 412), and H. Seebohm (Zoologist, 188o, p. 457), while a view of another has been given by H. Schlegel (Vog. Nederland, taf. xvii.). (A.
End of Article: SPOONBILL
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