|
SECRETARY OF See also:STATE , in See also:England, the designation of certain important members of the See also:administration. The See also:ancient See also:English monarchs were always attended by a learned ecclesiastic, known at first as their clerk, and afterwards as secretary, who conducted the royal See also:correspondence; but it was not until the end of the reign of See also:Queen See also:Elizabeth that these functionaries were called secretaries of state. Upon the direction of public affairs passing from the privy See also:council to the See also:cabinet after 1688 the secretaries of state began to assume those high duties
' Curiously enough, Boddaert in 1783 omitted to give it a scientific name.
2 The scientific synonymy of the See also:species is given at See also:great length by Drs Finsch and Hartlaub (See also:Vogel Ost-Afrikas, p. 93) and by R. B. See also:Sharpe (See also:Cat. B. Brit. Museum, i. p. 45).
s It is from the fancied resemblance of these feathers to the pens which a clerk is supposed to stick above his See also:ear that the See also:bird's name of Secretary is really derived.which now render their See also:- OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")
office one of the most influential of an administration.
Until the reign of See also:- HENRY
- HENRY (1129-1195)
- HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
- HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
- HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
- HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
- HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
- HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
- HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
- HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
- HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
- HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
- HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
- HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)
Henry VIII. there was generally only one secretary of state, but at the end of his reign a second See also:principal secretary was appointed. Owing to the increase of business consequent upon the See also:union of See also:Scotland, a third secretary, in 1708, was created, but a vacancy occurring in this office in 1746 the third secretaryship was dispensed with until 1768, when it was again instituted to take See also:charge of the increasing colonial business. How-ever, in 1782 the office was again abolished, and the charge of the colonies transferred to the See also:home secretary; but owing to the See also:war with See also:France in 1794 a third secretary was once more appointed to superintend the business of the war See also:department, and seven years later the colonial business was attached to his department. In 1854 a See also:fourth secretary of state for the exclusive charge of the war department and in 1858 a fifth secretaryship for See also:India were created. There are therefore now five principal secretaries of state, four of whom, with their See also:political under-secretaries, occupy seats in the See also:House of See also:Commons. One of these secretaries of state is always a member of the House of Lords. The secretaries of state are the only authorized channels through which the royal See also:pleasure is signified to any See also:part of the See also:body politic, and the See also:counter-See also:signature of one of them is necessary to give validity to the sign See also:manual. The secretaries of state constitute but one office, and are coordinate in See also:rank and equal in authority. Each is competent in See also:general to execute any part of the duties of the secretary of state, the See also:division of duties being a See also:mere See also:matter of arrangement. For the existing division of duties, see under See also:separate headings, COLONIAL OFFICE, See also:FOREIGN OFFICE, &C.
In the See also:United States the " secretary of state " is a member of the executive, who deals with foreign affairs, and who, in the event of a vacancy in the office of See also:president, is next in See also:succession after the See also:vice-president. The See also:title of " secretary "—" of the See also:treasury," " of war," &c.—is used for some other members of the executive.
End of Article: SECRETARY OF STATE
Additional information and Comments
There are no comments yet for this article.
Please link directly to this article:
Highlight the code below, right click, and select "copy." Then paste it into your website, email, or other HTML.
Site content, images, and layout Copyright © 2006 - Net Industries, worldwide.
Do not copy, download, transfer, or otherwise replicate the site content in whole or in part.
Links to articles and home page are always encouraged.
|
del.icio.us it!