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See also:OTIS, See also:- JAMES
- JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
- JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
- JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
- JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
- JAMES, EPISTLE OF
- JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
- JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
- JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
- JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)
JAMES (1725–1783) , See also:American patriot, was See also:born at See also:West See also:Barnstable, See also:Massachusetts, on the 5th of See also:February 1725. He was the eldest son of James Otis (1702–1778), See also:fourth in descent from See also:John Otis (1581-1657), a native of See also:Barnstaple, See also:Devon, and one of the first settlers (in 1635) of See also:Hingham, See also:Mass. The See also:elder James Otis was elected to the provincial See also:General See also:Court in 1758, was its See also:speaker in 1760-1762, and was See also:chief See also:justice of the Court of See also:Common Pleas from 1764 until 1776; he was a prominent patriot in the See also:colony of Massachusetts. The son graduated at Harvard in 1743; and after studying See also:law in the See also:- OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")
office of See also:Jeremiah Gridley (1702–1767), a well-known lawyer with Whig sympathies, See also:rose to See also:great distinction at the See also:bar, practising first at See also:Plymouth and after 1750 at See also:Boston. In 176o he published Rudiments of Latin See also:Prosody, a See also:book of authority in its See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time. He wrote a similar See also:treatise upon See also:Greek prosody; but this was never published, because, as he said, there was not a See also:font of Greek letters in the See also:country, nor, if there were, a printer who could have set them up. Soon after the See also:accession of See also:George III. to the See also:throne of See also:England in 176o, the See also:British See also:government
decided upon a rigid enforcement of the See also:navigation acts, which had See also:long been disregarded by the colonists and had been almost wholly evaded during the See also:French and See also:Indian See also:War. The Writs of Assistance issued in 1755 were about to expire, and it was decided to issue new ones, which would empower See also:custom See also:house See also:officers to See also:search any house for smuggled goods, though neither the house nor the goods had to be specifically mentioned in the writs. Much opposition was aroused in Massachusetts, the legality of the writs was questioned, and the See also:Superior Court consented to hear See also:argument. Otis held the office of See also:advocate-general at the time, and it was his See also:duty to appear on behalf of the government. He refused, resigned his office, and appeared for the See also:people against the issue of the writs, Gridley appearing on the opposite See also:side. The See also:case was argued in the Old See also:Town House of Boston in February 1761, and the chief speech was made by Otis. His plea was fervid in its eloquence and fearless in its assertion of the rights of the colonists. Going beyond the question at issue, he dealt with the more fundamental question of the relation between the See also:English in See also:America and the See also:home government, and argued that even if authorized by See also:act of See also:parliament such writs were null and void. The See also:young orator was elected in May of the same See also:year a representative from Boston to the Massachusetts General Court. To that position he was re-elected nearly every year of the remaining active years of his See also:life, serving there with his See also:father. In 1766 he was chosen Speaker of the House of Representatives, but the choice was negatived. In See also:September 1762 the younger Otis published A Vindication of the Conduct of the House of Representatives of the See also:Province of Massachusetts See also:Bay, in See also:defence of the See also:action of that See also:body in sending to the See also:governor a See also:message (drafted by Otis) rebuking him for asking the See also:assembly to pay for See also:ships he had (with authorization of the See also:Council and not of the representatives) sent to protect New England See also:fisheries against French privateers; according to this message " it would be of little consequence to the people whether they were subject to George or See also:- LOUIS
- LOUIS (804–876)
- LOUIS (893–911)
- LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
- LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian
Louis, the See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king of Great See also:Britain or the French king, if both were as arbitrary as both would be if both could See also:levy taxes without parliament." He also wrote various See also:state papers addressed to the colonies to enlist them in the common cause, or sent to the government in England to uphold the rights or set forth the grievances of the colonists. His See also:influence at home in controlling and directing the See also:movement of events which led to the War of See also:Independence was universally See also:felt and acknowledged; and abroad no American was so frequently quoted, denounced, or applauded in parliament and the English See also:press before 1769 as the recognized See also:head and chief of the rebellious spirit of the New England colonists. In 1765 Massachusetts sent him as one of her representatives to the See also:Stamp Act See also:Congress at New See also:York, which had been called by a See also:Committee of the Massachusetts General Court, of which he was a member; and here he was a conspicuous figure, serving on the committee which prepared the address sent by that body to the British House of See also:Commons. In 1769 he denounced in the Boston See also:Gazette certain customs commissioners who had charged him with See also:treason. Thereupon he became involved in an altercation in a public-house with See also:- ROBINSON, EDWARD (1794–1863)
- ROBINSON, HENRY CRABB (1777–1867)
- ROBINSON, JOHN (1575–1625)
- ROBINSON, JOHN (1650-1723)
- ROBINSON, JOHN THOMAS ROMNEY (1792–1882)
- ROBINSON, MARY [" Perdita "] (1758–1800)
- ROBINSON, SIR JOHN BEVERLEY, BART
- ROBINSON, SIR JOSEPH BENJAMIN (1845– )
- ROBINSON, THEODORE (1852-1896)
Robinson, one of the commissioners; the altercation See also:grew into an See also:affray, and Otis received a See also:sword cut on the head, which is considered to have caused his subsequent See also:insanity. Robinson was mulcted in £2000 See also:damages, but in view of his having made a written See also:apology, Otis declined to take this sum from him. From 1769 almost continuously until his See also:death Otis was harmlessly insane, though he had occasional lucid intervals, serving as a volunteer in the See also:battle of Bunker See also:- HILL
- HILL (0. Eng. hyll; cf. Low Ger. hull, Mid. Dutch hul, allied to Lat. celsus, high, collis, hill, &c.)
- HILL, A
- HILL, AARON (1685-175o)
- HILL, AMBROSE POWELL
- HILL, DANIEL HARVEY (1821-1889)
- HILL, DAVID BENNETT (1843–1910)
- HILL, GEORGE BIRKBECK NORMAN (1835-1903)
- HILL, JAMES J
- HILL, JOHN (c. 1716-1775)
- HILL, MATTHEW DAVENPORT (1792-1872)
- HILL, OCTAVIA (1838– )
- HILL, ROWLAND (1744–1833)
- HILL, SIR ROWLAND (1795-1879)
Hill in 1775 and arguing a case in 1778. He was killed by See also:lightning (it is said that he had often expressed a wish that he might See also:die in this way) at See also:Andover, Mass., on the 23rd of May 1783.
Otis's See also:political writings were chiefly controversial and exercised an enormous influence, his See also:pamphlets being among the most effective presentations of the arguments of the colonists against the arbitrary. See also:measures of the British See also:ministry. His more important pamphlets were A Vindication of the Conduct of the House of Representatives of the Province of Massachusetts Bay (1762); The Rights of the British Colonies Asserted and Proved (1764) ; A Vindication of the British Colonies against the Aspersions of the See also:Halifax See also:Gentleman inhis See also:Letter to a Rhode See also:Island Friend—a letter known at the time as the " Halifax See also:Libel" (1765); and Considerations on Behalf of the Colonists in a Letter to a See also:Noble See also:Lord (1765).
The best See also:biography is that by See also:- WILLIAM
- WILLIAM (1143-1214)
- WILLIAM (1227-1256)
- WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
- WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
- WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
- WILLIAM, 13TH
William Tudor (Boston, 1823); there is a shorter one by See also:Francis See also:Bowen (Boston, 1847). The best See also:account of Otis's characteristics and influence as a writer may be found in M. C. See also:Tyler's See also:Literary See also:History of the American Revolution (New York, 1897). See also the notes on the Writs of Assistance by See also:Horace See also:- GRAY
- GRAY (or GREY), WALTER DE (d. 1255)
- GRAY, ASA (1810-1888)
- GRAY, DAVID (1838-1861)
- GRAY, ELISHA (1835-1901)
- GRAY, HENRY PETERS (1819-18/7)
- GRAY, HORACE (1828–1902)
- GRAY, JOHN DE (d. 1214)
- GRAY, JOHN EDWARD (1800–1875)
- GRAY, PATRICK GRAY, 6TH BARON (d. 1612)
- GRAY, ROBERT (1809-1872)
- GRAY, SIR THOMAS (d. c. 1369)
- GRAY, THOMAS (1716-1771)
Gray, Jr., in See also:Quincy's Massachusetts Reports, 1761–1772 (Boston, 1865). Otis's speech on the writs, reprinted from rough notes taken by John See also:- ADAMS
- ADAMS, ANDREW LEITH (1827-1882)
- ADAMS, CHARLES FRANCIS (1807-1886)
- ADAMS, HENRY (1838— )
- ADAMS, HENRY CARTER (1852— )
- ADAMS, HERBERT (i858— )
- ADAMS, HERBERT BAXTER (1850—1901)
- ADAMS, JOHN (1735–1826)
- ADAMS, JOHN QUINCY (1767-1848)
- ADAMS, SAMUEL (1722-1803)
- ADAMS, THOMAS (d. c. 1655)
- ADAMS, WILLIAM (d. 162o)
Adams, appears in Appendix A of vol. ii. of C. F. Adams's edition of the See also:Works of John Adams (Boston, 1850).
End of Article: OTIS, JAMES (1725–1783)
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