Search over 40,000 articles from the original, classic Encyclopedia Britannica, 11th Edition.
|
See also:KRAUSE, KARL See also:CHRISTIAN See also:FRIEDRICH (1781—1832) , See also:German philosopher, was See also:born at See also:Eisenberg on the 4th of May 1781, and died at See also:Munich on the 27th of See also:September 1832. Educated at first at Eisenberg, he proceeded to See also:Jena, where he studied See also:philosophy under See also:Hegel and See also:Fichte and became privatdozent in 1802. In the same See also:year, with characteristic imprudence, he married a wife without See also:dowry. Two years after,lack of pupils compelled him to move to See also:Rudolstadt and later to See also:Dresden, where he gave lessons in See also:music. In 18o5 his ideal of a universal See also:world-society led him to join the Freemasons, whose principles seemed to tend in the direction he desired. He published two books on See also:Freemasonry, See also:Die drei altesten Kunsturkunden der Freimaurerbriuderschafl and Hohere Vergeistigung der echt uberlieferten Grundsymbole der Freimaurerei, but his opinions See also:drew upon him the opposition of the Masons. He lived for a See also:time in See also:Berlin and became a iirivatdozent, but was unable to obtain a professorship. He therefore proceeded to See also:Gottingen and afterwards to Munich, where he died of See also:apoplexy at the very moment when the See also:influence of See also:Franz von See also:Baader had at last obtained a position for him. One of the so-called " Philosophers of Identity," Krause endeavoured to reconcile the ideas of a See also:God known by Faith or See also:Conscience and the world as known to sense. God, intuitively known by Conscience, is not a See also:personality (which implies limitations), but an all-inclusive essence (Wesen), which contains the Universe within itself. This See also:system he called See also:Panentheism, a See also:combination of See also:Theism and See also:Pantheism. His tfleory of the world and of humanity is universal and idealistic. The world itself and See also:man-See also:kind, its highest component, constitute an organism (Gliedbau), and the universe is therefore a divine organism (Wesengliedbau). The See also:process of development is the formation of higher unities, and the last See also:stage is the See also:identification of the world with God. The See also:form which this development takes, according to Krause, is Right or the Perfect See also:Law. Right is not the sum of the conditions of See also:external See also:liberty but of See also:absolute liberty, and embraces all the existence of nature, See also:reason and humanity. It is the mode, or rationale, of all progress from the See also:lower to the highest unity or identification. By its operation the reality of nature and reason rises into the reality of humanity. God is the reality which transcends and includes both nature and humanity. Right is, therefore, at once the dynamic and the safeguard of progress. Ideal society results from the widening of the organic operation of this principle from the individual man to small See also:groups of men, and finally to mankind as a whole. The See also:differences disappear as the inherent identity of structure predominates in an ever-increasing degree, and in the final unity Man is merged in God. The comparatively small See also:area of Krause's influence was due partly to the overshadowing brilliance of Hegel, and partly to two See also:intrinsic defects. The spirit of his thought is mystical and by no means easy to follow, and this difficulty is accentuated, even to German readers, by the use of artificial terminology. He makes use of germanized See also:foreign terms which are unintelligible to the See also:ordinary man. His See also:principal See also:works are (beside those quoted above): Entwurf See also:des Systems der Philosophie (1804); System der Sittenlehre (181o) ; Das Urhild der Menschheit (1811) ; and Vorlesungen ilber das System der Philosophie (1828). He See also:left behind him at his See also:death a See also:mass of unpublished notes, See also:part of which has been collected and published by his disciples, H. See also:Ahrens (1808—1874), Leonhardi, Tiberghien and others.
See H. S. Lindemann, Uebersichtliche Darstellung des Lebens .. . Krauses (1839); P. Hohlfeld, Die Krausesche Philosophie (1879); A. Procksch, Krause, ein Lebensbild nach seinen Briefen (188o); R. See also:Eucken, Zur Erinnerun an Krause (1881) ; B. See also: Additional information and CommentsThere are no comments yet for this article.
» Add information or comments to this article.
Please link directly to this article:
Highlight the code below, right click, and select "copy." Then paste it into your website, email, or other HTML. Site content, images, and layout Copyright © 2006 - Net Industries, worldwide. |
|
|
[back] KRASZEWSKI, JOSEPH IGNATIUS (1812—1887) |
[next] KRAWANG |