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KIEL

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Originally appearing in Volume V15, Page 787 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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KIEL , the See also:

chief See also:naval See also:port of See also:Germany on the Baltic, a See also:town of the Prussian See also:province of See also:Schleswig-See also:Holstein. Pop. (1900), 107,938; (1905), 163,710, including the incorporated suburbs. It is beautifully situated at the See also:southern end on the Kieler Busen (See also:bay or See also:harbour of Kiel), 70 M. by See also:rail N. from See also:Hamburg. It consists of a somewhat cramped old town, lying between the harbour and a See also:sheet of See also:water called Kleiner Kiel, and a better built and more spacious new town, which has been increased by the See also:incorporation of the See also:garden suburbs of See also:Brunswick and Diisternbrook. In the old town stands the See also:palace, built in the 13th See also:century, enlarged in the 18th and restored after a See also:fire in 1838. It was once the seat of the See also:dukes of Holstein-Gottorp, who resided here from 1721 to 1773, and became the See also:residence of See also:Prince See also:Henry of See also:Prussia. Other buildings are the See also:church of St See also:Nicholas (restored in 1877—1884), dating from 1240, with a lofty See also:steeple; the old town-See also:hall on the See also:market square; the church of the See also:Holy See also:Ghost; three See also:fine See also:modern churches, those of St See also:James, and St Jurgen and of St Ansgar; and the See also:theatre. Further to the See also:north and facing the bay is the university, founded in 1665 by See also:Christian See also:Albert, See also:duke of Schleswig, and named after him " Christian Albertina." The new buildings were erected in 1876, and connected with them are a library of 240,000 volumes, a zoological museum, a See also:hospital, a botanical garden and a school of forestry. The university, which is celebrated as a medical school, is attended by nearly l000 students, and has a teaching See also:staff of over roo professors and docents. Among other scientific and educational institutions are the Schleswig-Holstein museum of See also:national antiquities in the old university buildings, the Thaulow museum (See also:rich in Schleswig-Holstein See also:wood-See also:carving of the 16th and 17th centuries), the naval See also:academy, the naval school and the school for See also:engineers. The See also:pride of Kiel is its magnificent harbour, which has a comparatively See also:uniform See also:depth of water, averaging 40 ft., and See also:close to the shores 20 ft.

Its length is 11 m. and its breadth varies from m. at the southern end to 41- M. at the mouth. Its defences, which include two forts on the See also:

west and four on the See also:east See also:side, all situated about 5 m. from the See also:head of the harbour at the See also:place (Friedrichsort) where its shores approach one another, make it a place of See also:great strategic stength. The imperial docks (five in all) and See also:ship-See also:building yards are on the east side facingthe town, between Gaarden and Ellerbeck, and comprise basins capable of containing the largest See also:war-See also:ships afloat. The imperial yard employs 7000 hands, and another 7000 are employed in two large private ship-building See also:works, the Germania (See also:Krupp's) and Howalds'. The Kaiser Wilhelm See also:Canal, commonly called the Kiel Canal, connecting the Baltic with the North See also:Sea at Brunsbi.ittel, has its eastern entrance at Wik, 12 in. N. of Kiel (see GERMANY: Waterways). The town and adjacent villages, e.g. Wik, Heikendorf and Laboe, are resorted to for sea-bathing, and in See also:June of each See also:year a regatta, attended by yachts from all countries, is held. The Kieler Woche is one of the See also:principal social events in Germany, and corresponds to the " See also:Cowes See also:week " in See also:England. Kiel is connected by See also:day and See also:night services with See also:Korsor in See also:Denmark by See also:express passenger boats. The harbour yields sprats which are in great repute. The principal See also:industries are those connected with the imperial See also:navy and ship-building, but embrace also See also:flour-See also:mills, oil-works, See also:iron-foundries, See also:printing-works, saw-mills, breweries, See also:brick-works, See also:soap-making and See also:fish-curing.

There is an important See also:

trade in See also:coal, See also:timber, cereals, fish, See also:butter and See also:cheese. The name of Kiel appears as See also:early as the loth century in the See also:form Kyl (probably from the Anglo-Saxon Kille = a safe place for ships). Kiel is mentioned as a See also:city in the next century; in 1242 it received the See also:Lubeck rights ; in the 14th century it acquired various trading privileges, having in 1284 entered the Hanseatic See also:League. In See also:recent times Kiel has been associated with the See also:peace concluded in See also:January 1814 between Great See also:Britain, Denmark and See also:Sweden, by which See also:Norway was ceded to Sweden. In 1773 Kiel became See also:part of Denmark, and in r866 it passed with the See also:rest of Schleswig-Holstein to Prussia. Since being made a great naval See also:arsenal, Kiel has rapidly See also:developed in prosperity and See also:population. See Prahl, Chronika der Stadt Kiel (Kiel, r856) ; See also:Erichsen, Topographie See also:des Landkreises Kiel (Kiel, 1898) ; H. Eckardt, Alt-Kiel in Wort and Bild (Kiel, 1899) ; P. See also:Hasse, Das Kieler Stadtbuch, 1264—z289 (Kiel, 1875) ; Das alteste Kieler Rentebuch 1300, 1481, edited by C. See also:Reuter (Kiel, 1893) ; Das zweite Kieler Rentebuch 1487, 1-586, edited by W. Stern (Kiel, 1904) ; and the Mitteilungen der Gesellschaft See also:fur Kieler Stadtgeschichte (Kiel, 1877, 1904).

End of Article: KIEL

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