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JOHN X

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Originally appearing in Volume V15, Page 434 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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See also:

JOHN X ., See also:pope from 914 to 928, was See also:deacon at See also:Bologna when he attracted the See also:attention of See also:Theodora, the Wife of See also:Theophylact, the most powerful See also:noble in See also:Rome, through whose See also:influence he was elevated first to the see of Bologna and then to the archbishopric of See also:Ravenna. In See also:direct opposition to a See also:decree of See also:council, he was also at the instigation of Theodora promoted to the papal See also:chair as the successor of Lando. Like John IX. he endeavoured to secure himself against his temporal enemies through a See also:close See also:alliance with Theophylact and Alberic, See also:marquis of See also:Camerino, then See also:governor of the duchy of See also:Spoleto. In See also:December 915 he granted the imperial See also:crown to Berengar, and with the assistance of the forces of all the princes of the See also:Italian See also:peninsula he took the See also:field in See also:person against the See also:Saracens, over whom he gained a regularly in See also:prison (Matt. xi. 2, xiv. 12), and to whom he taught See also:special forms of See also:prayer (See also:Luke v. 33, xi. 1). Some of these afterwards became followers of See also:Christ (John i. 37). John's activity indeed had far-reaching effects. It profoundly influenced the Messianic See also:movement depicted in the Gospels.

The See also:

preaching of Jesus shows traces of this, and the See also:Fourth See also:Gospel (as well as the Synoptists) displays a marked See also:interest in connecting the Johannine movement with the beginnings of See also:Christianity. The fact that after the See also:lapse of a See also:quarter of a See also:century there were Christians in See also:Ephesus who accepted John's See also:baptism (Acts xviii. 25, xix. 3) is highly significant. This influence also persisted in later times. Christ's estimate of John (Matt. xi. 7 seq.) was a very high one. He also pointedly alludes to John's See also:work and the See also:people's relation to it, in many sayings and parables (some-times in a See also:tone of See also:irony). The duration of John's See also:ministry cannot be determined with certainty: it terminated in his imprisonment in the fortress of Machaerus, to which he had been committed by See also:Herod Antipas, whose incestuous See also:marriage with Herodias, the Baptist had sternly rebuked. His See also:execution cannot with safety be placed later than A.D. 28. In the See also:church See also:calendar this event is commemorated on the 29th of See also:August.

According to tradition he was buried at See also:

Samaria (See also:Theodoret, H.E. iii. 3). (G. H.

End of Article: JOHN X

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