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INDEPENDENCE

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Originally appearing in Volume V14, Page 372 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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INDEPENDENCE . a See also:

city and the See also:county-seat of See also:Jackson county, See also:Missouri, U.S.A., 3 m. S. of the Missouri See also:river and so m. E. of See also:Kansas City. Pop. (189o) 638o, (1900) 6974 (937 negroes); (1910) 98J9. The city is served by theMissouri Pacific, the See also:Chicago & See also:Alton, and the Kansas City See also:Southern See also:railways, and by an electric See also:line and See also:fine See also:boulevard to Kansas City. It is situated about boo ft. above the See also:sea, and is surrounded by a fertile agricultural See also:district. The city has a small public square (surrounding the See also:court-See also:house) and a public library, and is the seat of St See also:Mary's See also:Academy, under the See also:control of the Sisters of See also:Mercy. Among its manufactures are farming implements, See also:flour and See also:lumber. The See also:municipality owns its electric See also:lighting plant. Independence was laid out as a See also:town and chosen as the county-seat in 1827, first chartered as a city in 1849 and made a city of the third-class in 1889. About 15oo See also:Mormons, attracted by the " See also:revelation " that this was to be a See also:Zion, settled in and about Independence in 1831 and 1832.

They contemplated See also:

building their See also:chief See also:temple about 1 m. W. of the site of the See also:present court house, but in 1833 (partly because they invited See also:free negroes to join them) were expelled by the " See also:gentile " inhabitants of Independence. In 1867 a See also:settlement of about 15o Hedrickites, or members of the " See also:Church of Jesus See also:Christ " (organized in See also:Illinois in 1835), came here and secretly bought up parts of the " Temple See also:Lot." The heirs of the settlers of 1831—1832 conveyed the lot by See also:deed to the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter See also:Day See also:Saints (with headquarters at Lamoni, See also:Iowa), which brought suit against the Hedrickites, but in 1894 the U.S. See also:Circuit Court of Appeals decided the See also:case on the ground of See also:laches in favour of the Hedrickites, who fifteen years afterwards had nearly died out. In 1867—1869 a few families belonging to the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (monogamists) settled in Independence, and in 1908 their church here had about 2000 members. Besides a large church building, they have here a See also:printing See also:establishment, from which is issued the weekly Zion's See also:Ensign (founded in 18g1), and the " Independence Sanitarium " (completed in 1908). The faithful Mormons still look to Independence as the Zion of the church. In 1907 a number of Mormons from See also:Utah settled here, moving the headquarters of the " Central States' See also:Mission " from Kansas City to Independence, and founded a periodical called Liahona, the See also:Elder's See also:Journal. From about 1831 to 1844, when its river landing was destroyed by See also:flood, Independence was the headquarters and outfitting point of the extensive See also:caravan trains for the See also:Santa Fe, See also:Oregon and Old See also:Salt See also:Lake trails. During the See also:Civil See also:War about 300 Federals under Lieut.-See also:Colonel D.H.Buel, occupying the town, were captured on the 16th of See also:August 1862 by Colonel See also:Hughes in command of 1500 Confederates, and on the 22nd of See also:October 1864 a See also:part of See also:General See also:Sterling See also:Price's taining the See also:ring See also:system it is converted into alkyl See also:indazoles. A See also:series of compounds isomeric with these alkyl derivatives is known, and can be considered as derived from the ring system +CGH4: ICH2]2: C(CO2C2Hb)2; this ester on See also:hydrolysis yields the corresponding See also:acid, which on See also:heating loses See also:carbon dioxide and gives the monocarboxylic acid of hydrindene. The See also:barium salt of this acid, when heated, yields See also:indene and not hydrindene, See also:hydrogen being liberated (W.

H. See also:

Perkin, Jour. Chem. See also:Soc., 1894, 65, p. 228). Indene vapour when passed through a red hot See also:tube yields chrysene, It combines with nitrosyl chloride to See also:form indene nitrosate (M. Dennstedt and C. See also:Ahrens, Ber., 1895, 28, p. 1331) and it reacts with See also:benzaldehyde, oxalic ester and formic ester (J. Thiele, Ber., 1900, 33, p. 3395). Confederate See also:army was defeated a few See also:miles E. of Independence by General See also:Alfred Pleasonton.

End of Article: INDEPENDENCE

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