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HENRY OF BLOIS

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Originally appearing in Volume V13, Page 298 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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HENRY OF See also:BLOIS , See also:bishop of See also:Winchester (1101-1171), was the son of See also:Stephen, See also:count of Blois, by Adela, daughter of See also:William I., and See also:brother of See also:King Stephen. He was educated at See also:Cluny, and consistently exerted himself for the principles of Cluniac reform. If these involved high claims of See also:independence and See also:power for the See also:Church, they also asserted a high See also:standard of devotion and discipline. Henry was brought to See also:England by Henry I. and made See also:abbot of See also:Glastonbury. In 1129 he was given the bishopric of Winchester and allowed to hold his See also:abbey in See also:conjunction with it. His hopes of the see of See also:Canterbury were disappointed, l?ut he obtained in 1139 a legatine See also:commission which gave him a higher See also:rank than the See also:primate. In fact as well as in theory he became the See also:master of the Church in England. He even contemplated the erection of a new See also:province, with Winchester as its centre, which was to be See also:independent of Canterbury. Owing both to See also:local and to See also:general causes the power of the Church in England has never been higher than in the reign of Stephen (1135-1154). Henry as its See also:leader and a See also:legate of the See also:pope was the real " See also:lord of England," as the See also:chronicles See also:call him. Indeed, one of the ecclesiastical See also:councils over which he presided formally declared that the See also:election of the king in England was the See also:special See also:privilege of the See also:clergy. Stephen owed his See also:crown to Henry (1135), but they quarrelled when Stephen • ref used to give Henry the primacy; and the bishop took up the cause of See also:Roger of See also:Salisbury (1139).

After the See also:

battle of See also:Lincoln (1141) Henry declared for See also:Matilda; but finding his See also:advice treated with contempt, rejoined his brother's See also:side, and his successful See also:defence of Winchester against the empress (Aug.–See also:Sept. 1141) was the turning-point of the See also:civil See also:war. The expiration of his legatine commission of 1144 deprived him of much of his power. He spent the See also:rest of Stephen's reign in trying to procure its renewal. But his efforts were unsuccessful, though he made a See also:personal visit to See also:Rome. At the See also:accession of Henry II. (1154) he retired from the See also:world and spent the rest of his See also:life in See also:works of charity and penitence. He died in 1171. Henry seems to have been a See also:man of high See also:character, See also:great courage, See also:resolution and ability. Like most great bishops of his See also:age he had a See also:passion for See also:architecture. He built, among other castles, that of See also:Farnham; and be began the See also:hospital of St See also:Cross at Winchester. AunloiuTIEs.—See also:Original: William of See also:Malmesbury, De gestis regum; the Gesta See also:Stephan.

See also:

Modern: See also:Sir See also:James See also:Ramsay, See also:Foundations of England, vol. ii.; Kate Norgate's Angevin See also:Kings; Kitchin's Winchester.

End of Article: HENRY OF BLOIS

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