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GODOLPHIN, SIDNEY GODOLPHIN, EARL

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Originally appearing in Volume V12, Page 175 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.

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GODOLPHIN, SIDNEY GODOLPHIN, EARL

GODOLPHIN, See also:
SIDNEY
SIDNEY (or SYDNEY), ALGERNON (1622-1683)
SIDNEY, SIR HENRY (1529-1586)
SIDNEY, SIR PHILIP (1554-1586)
SIDNEY GODOLPHIN, See also:
EARL
EARL of (c. 1645-1712), was a See also:

CADET (through the Fr. from the Late Lat. capitettum, a diminutive of caput, head, through the Provencal form capdet)

cadet of an See also:

ancient See also:

FAMILY

family of See also:

CORNWALL

Cornwall. At the Restoration he was introduced into the royal See also:

HOUSEHOLD, ROYAL

household by See also:

Charles II., with whom he had previously become a favourite, and he also at the same See also:

period entered the See also:

House of See also:

COMMONS

Commons as member for See also:

HELSTON

Helston. Although he very seldom addressed the House, and, when he did so, only in the briefest manner, he gradually acquired a reputation as its See also:

CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief if not its only See also:

FINANCIAL

financial authority. • In See also:

March 1679 he was appointed a member of the privy See also:

COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

council, and in the See also:

SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September following he was promoted, along with See also:

VISCOUNT (through O. Fr. viscomte, mod. vicomte, from Low Lat. vice-comes, cf. Portug. visconde, Ital. visconte)

Viscount See also:

Hyde (afterwards earl of See also:

Rochester) and the earl of See also:

Sunderland, to the chief management of affairs. Though he voted for the Exclusion See also:

BILL

Bill in 168o, he was continued in See also:

OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office after the dismissal of Sunderland, and in September 1684 he was created See also:

Baron Godolphin of Rialton, and succeeded Rochester as first See also:

lord of the See also:

TREASURY

treasury. After the See also:

ACCESSION (from Lat. accedere, to go to, to approach)

accession of See also:

James II. he was made See also:

chamberlain to the See also:

queen, and, along with Rochester and Sunderland, enjoyed the See also:

king's See also:

SPECIAL

special confidence. In 1687 he was named See also:

COMMISSIONER

commissioner of the treasury. He was one of the council of five appointed by King James to represent him in See also:

LONDON

London, when he went to join the See also:

army after the landing of See also:

William, See also:

prince of See also:

Orange, in See also:

England, and, along with See also:

Halifax and See also:

Nottingham, he was afterwards appointed a commissioner to treat with the prince. On the accession of William, though he only obtained the third seat at the treasury See also:

BOARD (O. Eng. bord)

board, he had virtually the chief See also:

CONTROL (Fr. contrdle, older form contre rolle, from Med. Lat. contra-rotulus, a counter roll or copy of a document used to check the original; there is no instance in English of the use of " control " in this, its literal, meaning)

control of affairs. He retired in March 169o, but • was recalled on the See also:

NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November following and appointed first lord. While holding this office he for several years continued, in See also:

CONJUNCTION (from Lat. conjungere, to join together)

conjunction with See also:

Marlborough, a treacherous intercourse with James II., and is said even to have anticipated Marlborough in disclosing to James intelligence regarding the intended expedition against See also:

BREST

Brest.

Godolphin was not only a Tory by See also:

INHERITANCE

inheritance, but had a romantic admiration for the wife of James II. He also wished to be safe whatever happened, and his treachery in this See also:

case was mostly due to caution. After See also:

FENWICK, SIR JOHN (c. 1645-1697)

Fenwick's See also:

CONFESSION (Lat. confessio, from confiteor, acknowledge, confess)

confession in 1696 regarding the attempted assassination of William III., Godolphin, who was compromised, was induced to See also:

TENDER

tender his resignation; but when the Tories came into See also:

POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power. in 1700, he was again appointed lord treasurer and retained office for about a See also:

YEAR

year. Though not a favourite with Queen See also:

Anne, he was, after her accession, appointed to his old office, on the strong recommendation of Marlborough. He also in 1704 received the See also:

HONOUR (Lat. honos or lwnor, honoris; in English the word was spelled with or without the u indifferently until the 17th century, but during the 18th century it became fashion-able to spell the word " honor "; Johnson's and Webster's Dictionaries stereoty

honour of See also:

KNIGHTHOOD

knighthood, and in See also:

DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December 1706 he was created Viscount Rialton and earl of Godolphin. Though a Tory he had an active See also:

SHARE (O. Eng. scearu, chiefly in compounds, e.g. land-scearu, a share of land, from sceran to cut; cf. " shear" )

share in the intrigues which gradually led to the predominance of the Whigs in See also:

ALLIANCE

alliance with Marlborough. The See also:

INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence of the Marlboroughs with the queen was, however, gradually supplanted by that of Mrs See also:

Masham and Harley, earl of See also:

Oxford, and with the fortunes of the Marlboroughs those of Godolphin were indissolubly See also:

UNITED

united. The services of both were so appreciated by the nation that they were able for a See also:

time to regard the loss of the queen's favour with indifference, and even in 1708 to procure the See also:

EXPULSION (Lat. expulsio, from expellere)

expulsion of Harley from office; but after the Tory reaction which followed the See also:

IMPEACHMENT (O. Fr. empeahement, empeschement, from em pecher or empescher, to hinder, Late Lat. impedicare, to entangle, pedica, fetter, pes, foot)

impeachment of Dr Sacheverel, who abused Godolphin under the name of Volpone, the queen made use of the opportunity to take the initiatory step towards delivering herself from the irksome thraldom of Marlborough by abruptly dismissing Godolphin from office on the 7th of See also:

AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August 1710. He died on the 15th of September 1712. Godolphin owed his rise to power and his continuance in it under four sovereigns chiefly to his exceptional mastery of financial matters; for if latterly he was in some degree indebted for his promotion to the support of Marlborough, he received that support mainly because Marlborough recognized that for the See also:

PROSECUTION

prosecution of England's See also:

FOREIGN

foreign See also:

WARS

wars his financial abilities were an indispensable See also:

NECESSITY (Lat. necessitas)

necessity. He was cool, reserved and cautious, but his prudence was less associated with high sagacity than traceable to the weakness of his See also:

PERSONAL

personal antipathies and prejudices, and his freedom from See also:

POLITICAL

political predilections. Perhaps it was his unlikeness to Marlborough in that moral characteristic which so tainted Marlborough's greatness that rendered possible between them a friendship so intimate and undisturbed: he was, it would appear, exceptionally devoid of the See also:

PASSION (post-classical Lat. passio, formed from pati, passus, to suffer, endure)

passion of avarice; and so little See also:

ADVANTAGE

advantage did he take of his opportunities of aggrandizement that, though his See also:

style of living was unostentatious,—and in connexion with his favourite pastimes of See also:

HORSE (a word common to Teutonic languages in such forms as hors, hros, ros; cf. the Ger. ross)

horse-racing,' card-playing and See also:

COCK, EDWARD (1805-1892)

cock-fighting he gained perhaps more than he lost; all that he See also:

LEFT

left behind him did not, according to the duchess of Marlborough, amount to more than 12,000.

Godolphin married See also:

Margaret Blagge, the pious See also:

LADY (0. Eng. hlaefdige, Mid. Eng. ldfdi, lavedi; the first part of the word is hldf, loaf, bread, as in the corresponding hldford, lord; the second part is usually taken to be from the root dig-, to knead, seen also in " dough "; the sense development fr

lady whose See also:

LIFE

life was written by See also:

EVELYN, JOHN (1620-1706)

Evelyn, on the 16th of May 1675, and married again after her See also:

DEATH

death in 1678. His son and successor, See also:

Francis (1678-1766), held various offices at See also:

court, and was lord privy See also:

seal from 1735 to 1740. He married Henrietta See also:

Churchill (d. 1733), daughter of the See also:

DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

duke of Marlborough, who in 1722 became in her own right duchess of Marlborough. He died without male issue in See also:

JANUARY

January 1766, when the earldom became See also:

EXTINCT

extinct, and the estates passed to See also:

Thomas See also:

OSBORNE

Osborne, 4th duke of See also:

Leeds, the See also:

HUSBAND

husband of the earl's daughter See also:

Mary, whose descendant is the See also:

PRESENT

present representative of the Godolphins. A life of Godolphin was published in 1888 in London by the Hon. H. Elliot.

End of Article: GODOLPHIN, SIDNEY GODOLPHIN, EARL

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