|
See also:GELDERLAND (Guelders) , a See also:province of See also:- HOLLAND
- HOLLAND, CHARLES (1733–1769)
- HOLLAND, COUNTY AND PROVINCE OF
- HOLLAND, HENRY FOX, 1ST BARON (1705–1774)
- HOLLAND, HENRY RICH, 1ST EARL OF (1S9o-,649)
- HOLLAND, HENRY RICHARD VASSALL FOX, 3RD
- HOLLAND, JOSIAH GILBERT (1819-1881)
- HOLLAND, PHILEMON (1552-1637)
- HOLLAND, RICHARD, or RICHARD DE HOLANDE (fl. 1450)
- HOLLAND, SIR HENRY, BART
Holland, bounded S. by Rhenish See also:Prussia and See also:North See also:Brabant, W. by See also:Utrecht and See also:South Holland, N. by the Zuider Zee, N.E. by See also:Overysel, and S.E. by the Prussian province of See also:Westphalia. It has an See also:area of 1906 sq. m. and a pop. (1900) of 566,549. Historically it was See also:part of the duchy of Gelderland, which is treated separately above.
The See also:main portion of Gelderland north of the See also:Rhine and the Old Ysel forms as it were an See also:extension of the province of Overysel, being composed of diluvial See also:sand and See also:gravel, covered with sombre heaths and patches of fen. South of this See also:line, however, the See also:soil consists of fertile See also:river-See also:clay. The See also:northern portion is divided by the New (or Gelders) Ysel into two distinct regions, namely, the Veluwe (" See also:bad See also:land ") on the See also:west, and the former countship of See also:Zutphen on the See also:east. In this last See also:division the ground slopes downwards from south-east to north-west (131 to 26 ft.) and is intersected by several fertilizing streams which flow in the same direction to join the Ysel. The extreme eastern corner is occupied by older See also:Tertiary See also:loam, which is used for making bricks, andupon this and the river-See also:banks are the most fertile spots, See also:woods, cultivated land, pastures, towns and villages. The See also:highlands of the Veluwe lying west of the Ysel really extend as far as the Crooked Rhine and the Vecht in the province of Utrecht, but are slightly detached from the Utrecht hills by the so-called Gelders valley, which forms the boundary between the two provinces. This valley extends from the Rhine along the Grift, the Luntersche Beek, and the Eem to the Zuider Zee, and would still offer an outlet in this direction to the Rhine at high See also:water if it were not for the river dikes. The two main ridges of the Veluwe hills. (164 and 36o ft.) extend from the neighbourhood of See also:Arnhem north to See also:Harderwyk and north-east to Hattem. In the south they stretch themselves along the banks of the Rhine, forming a See also:strip of picturesque river scenery made up of the varied elements of sandhills and trees, clay-lands and pastures. A large number of See also:country-houses and villas are to be found here, and the river-See also:side villages of Dieren, Velp and Renkum. All over the Veluwe are heaths, scantily cultivated, with See also:fields of See also:rye and See also:buckwheat, See also:cattle of inferior quality, and See also:sheep, and a sparse See also:population. There is also a considerable cultivation of See also:wood, especially of See also:fir and c9pse, while See also:tobacco plantations are found at Nykerk and Wageningen.
The See also:southern division of the province presents a very different aspect, and contains many old towns and villages. It is watered by the three large See also:rivers, the Rhine, the Waal and the See also:Maas, and has a level clay soil, varied only by isolated hills and a sandy, wooded stretch between See also:Nijmwegen and the southern border, The region enclosed between the Rhine and the Waal and watered by the Linge is called the Betuwe (" See also:good land "), and gave its name to the Germanic tribe of Batavians, who are some-times wrongly regarded as the See also:parent stock of the Dutch See also:people. There is here a denser population, occupied in the cultivation of See also:wheat, beetroot and See also:fruit, the breeding of excellent cattle, See also:shipping and See also:industrial pursuits. The See also:principal centres of population, such as Zutphen, Arnhem (the See also:chief See also:town of the province), Nijmwegen and See also:Tiel, See also:lie along the large rivers. Smaller, but of equal antiquity, are the See also:riverside towns of Doesburg, which is strongly fortified; Wageningen, with the See also:State agricultural See also:schools; Doetinchem, with a See also:bridge over the Old Ysel which is mentioned as See also:early as the 14th See also:century; Zalt-Bommel, with an old See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
church (1304), and a railway bridge over the Waal; and Kuilenburg, with a See also:fine railway bridge (1863–1868) over the Rhine. Five m. S. of Zalt-Bommel, on the Maas, is the See also:medieval See also:castle of Ammerzode or Ammersooi, also calledAmelroy during the See also:French occupation in 1694. It is in an excellent state of preservation and has been restored in See also:modern times. The first See also:authentic See also:record of the castle is its See also:possession by See also:John de Herlar of the See also:noble See also:family of See also:Loo at the end of the 13th century. In 148o it passed by See also:marriage to the powerful lords See also:van Arkel, and was partly destroyed by See also:fire at the end of the 16th century. The See also:chapel See also:dates from the 15th century, and the keep from 1564. Among the family portraits are See also:works by See also:Albert See also:Durer. Zetten, on the railway between Nijmwegen and Tiel, is famous for the charitable institutions founded here by the preacher See also:Otto See also:Gerhard Heldring (d. 1876). They comprise a See also:penitentiary (1849) for See also:women; an educational See also:home (1858) for girls; a theological training See also:college (1864); and a Magdalen See also:hospital. Nykerk, Harderwyk and Elburg are fishing towns on the Zuider Zee. See also:Apeldoorn is situated on the edge of the sand-grounds. Heerenberg on the south-eastern border is remarkable for its See also:ancient castle near the seat of the powerful lords van den Bergh: Other ancient and See also:historical towns bordering on the Prussian frontier are Zevenaar, which was for See also:long the cause of dispute between the houses of See also:Cleves and Gelder and was finally attached to the See also:kingdom of the See also:Netherlands in 1816; Breedevoort, once the seat of a lordship of the same name belonging to the See also:counts van Loon or Lohn, who built a castle here in the beginning of the 13th century which was destroyed in 1646-the lordship was presented to See also:Prince See also:- WILLIAM
- WILLIAM (1143-1214)
- WILLIAM (1227-1256)
- WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
- WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
- WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
- WILLIAM, 13TH
William III. in 1697; Winterswyk, now an important railway junction, and of growing industrial importance; and Borkeloo, or Borkulo, the seat of an ancient lordship dating from the first See also:half of the 12th century, which
finally came into the possession of Prince William V. of See also:Orange See also:Nassau in 1777. The castle was formerly of importance.
Gelderland is intersected by the main railway lines, which are largely supplemented by See also:steam-tram See also:railways. Steam-tramways connect Arnhem and Zutphen, W ageningen, Nijmwegen, Velp, Doetinchem (by way of Dieren and Doesburg); whence there are various lines to See also:Emmerich and Gendringen on the Prussian See also:borders. Groenlo and Lichtenvorde, Borkulo and See also:Deventer are also connected.
End of Article: GELDERLAND (Guelders)
Additional information and Comments
There are no comments yet for this article.
Please link directly to this article:
Highlight the code below, right click, and select "copy." Then paste it into your website, email, or other HTML.
Site content, images, and layout Copyright © 2006 - Net Industries, worldwide.
Do not copy, download, transfer, or otherwise replicate the site content in whole or in part.
Links to articles and home page are always encouraged.
|
del.icio.us it!