|
See also:GARDANE, See also:CLAUDE MATTHIEU , See also:Col= (1766-1818), See also:French See also:general and diplomatist, was See also:born on the 3oth of See also:January 1766. He entered the See also:army and See also:rose rapidly during the revolutionary See also:wars, becoming See also:captain in 1793. In May 1799 he distinguished himself by saving a See also:division of the French army which was about to be crushed by the Russians at the See also:battle of Bassignana, and was named at once brigadier-general by See also:Moreau. He incurred See also:Napoleon's displeasure for an omission of See also:duty shortly before the battle of See also:Marengo (See also:June 14th, 'Soo), but in 1805 was appointed to be aide-de-See also:camp of the See also:emperor. His See also:chief distinction, however, was to be won in the See also:diplomatic See also:sphere. In the See also:spring of 1807, when See also:Russia and See also:Prussia were at See also:war with See also:France, and the emperor See also:Alexander I. of Russia was also engaged in hostilities with See also:Persia. the See also:court of See also:Teheran sent a See also:mission to the French emperor, then at the See also:castle of Finkenstein in the See also:east of Prussia, with a view to the conclusion of a Franco-See also:Persian See also:alliance. This was signed on the 4th of May 1807, at that castle; and Napoleon designed Gardane as See also:special See also:envoy for the cementing of that alliance. The See also:secret instructions which he See also:drew up for Gardane, and signed on the 3oth of May, are of See also:interest as showing the strong See also:oriental trend of the emperor's policy. France was to See also:guarantee the integrity of Persia, to recognize that See also:Georgia (then being invaded by the Russians) belonged to the shah, and was to make all possible efforts for restoring that territory to him. She was also to furnish to the shah arms, See also:officers and workmen, in the number and to the amount demanded by him. Napoleon on his See also:side required Persia to declare war against See also:Great See also:Britain, to expel all Britons from her territory, and to come to an understanding with the Afghans with a view to a See also:joint Franco-Perso-Afghan invasion of See also:India. Gardane, whose See also:family was well known in the See also:Levant, had a See also:long and dangerous See also:journey overland, but was cordially received at Teheran in See also:December 1807. The conclusion of the Franco-See also:Russian treaty at See also:Tilsit in See also:July 1807 rendered the mission abortive. Persia longed only for help against Russia and had no See also:desire, when all See also:hope of that was past, to attack India. The shah, however, promised to expel Britons and to See also:- GRANT (from A.-Fr. graunter, O. Fr. greanter for creanter, popular Lat. creantare, for credentare, to entrust, Lat. credere, to believe, trust)
- GRANT, ANNE (1755-1838)
- GRANT, CHARLES (1746-1823)
- GRANT, GEORGE MONRO (1835–1902)
- GRANT, JAMES (1822–1887)
- GRANT, JAMES AUGUSTUS (1827–1892)
- GRANT, ROBERT (1814-1892)
- GRANT, SIR ALEXANDER
- GRANT, SIR FRANCIS (1803-1878)
- GRANT, SIR JAMES HOPE (1808–1895)
- GRANT, SIR PATRICK (1804-1895)
- GRANT, U
- GRANT, ULYSSES SIMPSON (1822-1885)
grant to France a commercial treaty. For a See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time French See also:influence completely replaced that of See also:England at Teheran, and the mission of See also:Sir See also:John See also:Malcolm to that court was not allowed to proceed. Finally, however, Gardane saw that nothing much was to be hoped for in the changed situation of See also:European affairs, and abruptly See also:left the See also:country (See also:April 1809). This conduct was not wholly approved by Napoleon, but he named him See also:count and in 1810 attached him to See also:Massena's army in See also:Portugal. There, during the disastrous See also:retreat from See also:Santarem to See also:Almeida, he suffered a check which brought him into disfavour. The See also:rest of his career calls for no See also:notice. He died'in 1818. The See also:report which he sent to Cham-pagny (dated April 23rd, 1809) on the See also:state of Persia and the prospects of a successful invasion of India is of great interest. He admitted the difficulties of this enterprise, but thought that a force of picked French troops, aided by Persians and Afghans, might under favourable conditions penetrate into India by way of See also:Kandahar, or through See also:Sind, especially if the See also:British were distracted by maritime attacks from See also:Mauritius.
See Count See also:Alfred de Gardane, Mission du general Gardane en Perse (See also:Paris, '865); and P. A. L. de Driault, La Politique orientale de Napoleon: See also:Sebastian et Gardane (Paris, 1904). (J. Ht.
End of Article: GARDANE, CLAUDE MATTHIEU
Additional information and Comments
There are no comments yet for this article.
Please link directly to this article:
Highlight the code below, right click, and select "copy." Then paste it into your website, email, or other HTML.
Site content, images, and layout Copyright © 2006 - Net Industries, worldwide.
Do not copy, download, transfer, or otherwise replicate the site content in whole or in part.
Links to articles and home page are always encouraged.
|
del.icio.us it!