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EARLY ENGLISH PERIOD

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Originally appearing in Volume V08, Page 798 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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EARLY See also:ENGLISH See also:PERIOD , in See also:architecture, the See also:term given by See also:Rickman to the first pointed or See also:Gothic See also:style in See also:England, nominally 1189–1307, which succeeded the Romanesque or See also:Norman period towards the end of the 12th See also:century, and See also:developed into the Decorated period in the commencement of the 14th century. It is chiefly characterized by the almost universal employment of the pointed See also:arch, not only in See also:arches of wide span such as those of the See also:nave See also:arcade, but for doorways and windows. The actual introduction of the pointed arch took See also:place at a much earlier date, as in the nave arcade of the Cistercian See also:Abbey of Buildwas (1140), though the See also:clerestory window above has semicircular arches. It is customary, therefore, to make See also:allowance for a transitional See also:epoch from the See also:middle of the 12th century. Although the pointed arches used are sometimes equilateral and sometimes drop-arches, the See also:lancet-arch is the most characteristic. The period is best recognized in England by the See also:great See also:depth given to the hollows of the See also:mouldings, alternating with fillets and rolls, by the decoration of the hollows with the See also:dog-tooth See also:ornament, by the circular See also:abacus of the capitals, and the employment of slender detached shafts of Purbeck See also:marble which are attached to piers by circular moulded shaf t-rings (Fr. anneau). The arches are sometimes cusped; circles with trefoils, quatrefoils, &c., are introduced into the See also:tracery, and large See also:rose windows in the See also:transept or nave, as at See also:Lincoln (1220). The conventional foliage decorating the capitals is of great beauty and variety, and extends to spandrils, bosses, &c. In the spandrils of the arches of the nave, transept or See also:choir arcades, See also:diaper See also:work is occasionally found, as in the transept of See also:Westminster Abbey. The latter is one of the See also:chief examples of the period, to which must be added the See also:cathedral of See also:Salisbury (except the See also:tower); the See also:Galilee at See also:Ely; nave and transept of See also:Wells (1225–1240); nave of Lincoln; See also:west front of See also:Peterborough; and the See also:minster at See also:Beverley. (R. P.

End of Article: EARLY ENGLISH PERIOD

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