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See also:BRECON, or BRECKNOCK , a See also:market See also:town and municipal See also:- BOROUGH (A.S. nominative burh, dative byrig, which produces some of the place-names ending in bury, a sheltered or fortified place, the camp of refuge of a tribe, the stronghold of a chieftain; cf. Ger. Burg, Fr. bor, bore, bourg)
- BOROUGH [BURROUGH, BURROWE, BORROWS], STEVEN (1525–1584)
borough, the See also:capital of See also:Breconshire, See also:Wales, 183 m. from See also:London by See also:rail, picturesquely situated nearly in the centre of the See also:county, at the confluence of the Honddu with the See also:Usk. See also:Half a mile higher up the Tarell also falls into the Usk from the See also:south. The ecclesiastical See also:parish of Brecon consists of the two See also:civil parishes of St See also:John the Evangelist and St See also:Mary, both on the See also:left See also:bank of the Usk, while St See also:David's in Llanfaes is on the other See also:side of the See also:river, and was wholly outside the town walls. Pop. (1901) 5875. There is only one See also:line of railway, over which several companies, however, have See also:running See also:powers, so that the town may be reached by the Brecon & Merthyr railway from Merthyr, See also:Cardiff and See also:Newport, by the See also:Cambrian from See also:Builth See also:Wells, or by the Midland from See also:Hereford and See also:Swansea respectively. The See also:Great Western railway has also a service of road See also:motors between See also:Abergavenny and Brecon. A See also:canal running past Abergavenny connects Brecon with Merthyr.
The Priory See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
church of St John, a massive cruciform See also:building, originally See also:Norman with See also:Early See also:English and Decorated additions, is the finest parish church in Wales, and even taking into See also:account the cathedrals it is according to E. A. See also:Freeman " indisputably the third church not in a See also:state of ruin in the principality," its See also:choir furnishing " one of the choicest examples of the Early English See also:style." Previous to the See also:dissolution, a See also:rood-See also:screen bearing a gigantic rood, the See also:object of many pilgrimages, stood to the See also:west of the See also:tower. The church was restored under See also:Sir See also:- GILBERT
- GILBERT (KINGSMILL) ISLANDS
- GILBERT (or GYLBERDE), WILLIAM (1544-1603)
- GILBERT, ALFRED (1854– )
- GILBERT, ANN (1821-1904)
- GILBERT, GROVE KARL (1843– )
- GILBERT, J
- GILBERT, JOHN (1810-1889)
- GILBERT, MARIE DOLORES ELIZA ROSANNA [" LOLA MONTEZ "] (1818-1861)
- GILBERT, NICOLAS JOSEPH LAURENT (1751–1780)
- GILBERT, SIR HUMPHREY (c. 1539-1583)
- GILBERT, SIR JOSEPH HENRY (1817-1901)
- GILBERT, SIR WILLIAM SCHWENK (1836– )
Gilbert See also:Scott between 1861 and 1875.
St Mary's, in the centre of the town, and St David's, beyond the Usk, are now mainly See also:modern, though the former has some of the Norman See also:arches of the See also:original church. There is also a See also:Roman See also:Catholic church (St See also:Michael's) opened in 1851, and chapels belonging to the See also:Baptists, Calvinistic and Wesleyan Methodists, and to the Congregationalists. In Llanfaes there was formerly a Dominican priory, but in 1542 See also:- HENRY
- HENRY (1129-1195)
- HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
- HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
- HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
- HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
- HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
- HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
- HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
- HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
- HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
- HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
- HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
- HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)
Henry VIII. granted it with all its possessions to a collegiate church, which was transferred thither from Abergwili, and was given the name of See also:Christ See also:College. Many of the bishops of St David's during the 17th See also:century occasionally resided here, and several are also buried here. A small See also:part of the revenues went to the See also:maintenance of a See also:grammar-school, but in 1841 the collegiate See also:body was dissolved, and its revenues, then amounting to about £800e a See also:year, were transferred to the ecclesiastical commissioners. In 1853 Henry VIII.'s See also:charter was repealed, and under a See also:chancery See also:- SCHEME (Lat. schema, Gr. oxfjya, figure, form, from the root axe, seen in exeiv, to have, hold, to be of such shape, form, &c.)
scheme adopted two years later, £1200 a year was appropriated for the school. New school
buildings were erected at a cost of about £10,000 in 1862, and these were enlarged at a cost of about £5000 in I880. The See also:chancel of the old Dominican See also:chapel, dating from the 13th century, was restored in 1864, and is now the school chapel. There is also a Congregationalist theological college, built in 1869 at a cost of £I2,000, and now affiliated with the university of Wales. The other See also:chief buildings of the town are the See also:shire See also:- HALL
- HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
- HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
- HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
- HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
- HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
- HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
- HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
- HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
- HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
- HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
- HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
- HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
- HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
- HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
- HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
- HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
- HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)
hall built in 1842 in the Doric style from designs by T. H. See also:Wyatt; the See also:Guildhall; the See also:barracks, which are the headquarters of two battalions of the South Wales Borderers; the county infirmary founded in 1832; and the See also:prison (in Llanfaes) for the counties of Brecon and See also:Radnor.
There is a See also:bronze statue of the See also:duke of See also:Wellington (erected in 1854) by John Evan See also:- THOMAS
- THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
- THOMAS (d. 110o)
- THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
- THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
- THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
- THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
- THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
- THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
- THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
- THOMAS, ST
- THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
- THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)
Thomas, a native of the town. The town commands a magnificent view of the Brecknock Beacons, and is noted for its promenades on the See also:banks of the Usk, and in the priory groves. Brecon is favourably known as a fishing centre, and there is also boating on the Usk and the canal. There are several houses of See also:interest, notably the Priory and Dr Awbrey's See also:residence (now called See also:- BUCKINGHAM
- BUCKINGHAM, EARLS, MARQUESSES AND DUKES OF
- BUCKINGHAM, FIRST DUKE
- BUCKINGHAM, GEORGE VILLIERS, 1ST DUKE 0E1
- BUCKINGHAM, GEORGE VILLIERS, 2ND DUKE 0E1 (1628-1687)
- BUCKINGHAM, HENRY STAFFORD, 2ND DUKE OF3 (1454-1483)
- BUCKINGHAM, JAMES SILK (1786-1855)
Buckingham See also:House), both built about the See also:middle of the 16th century, but the finest specimen is See also:Newton (about a mile out, near Llanfaes) built in 1582 by Sir John See also:Games (a descendant of Sir David Gam), but now a farmhouse. The " See also:Shoulder of Mutton " See also:Inn, now known as the " See also:Siddons See also:Wine Vaults," was the birthplace in 1755 of Mrs Siddons.
The name Brecknock is an anglicized See also:form of Brycheiniog, the Welsh name of the territory of Brychan (whence the alter-native form of Brecon), a Goidelic chieftain, who gained See also:possession of the Usk valley in the 5th century. The Welsh name of the town, on the other See also:hand, has always been Aber-Honddu (the See also:estuary of the Honddu). There is no See also:evidence of any See also:settlement on the site of the See also:present town See also:prior to about 1092, when See also:Bernard See also:Newmarch, after defeating Bleddin ab Maenarch, built here a See also:castle which he made his residence and the chief stronghold of his new lordship. For this purpose he utilized what remained of the materials of the Roman fort, 3 M. to the west, at Y Gaer, which some identify as Bannium. He subsequently founded, near the castle, the See also:Benedictine priory of St John, which he endowed and constituted a See also:cell of See also:Battle See also:Abbey. In See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time a town See also:grew up outside the castle, and its inhabitants received a See also:series of charters from the de Bohuns, into which See also:family the castle and lordship passed, the earliest recorded charter being granted by See also:Humphrey, 3rd See also:earl of Hereford. Under the patronage of his great-See also:grandson, the last earl of Hereford (who lived in great splendour at the castle), the town became one of the chief centres of See also:trade in South Wales, and a sixteen days' See also:fair, which he granted, still survives as a See also:hiring fair held in See also:November.
Further charters were granted by Henry IV. (who married Hereford's co-heiress), by Henry V., who gave the town two more fairs, and by the See also:Stafford family, to which the castle and lordship were allotted on the See also:partition of the See also:Bohun estates in 1421. Henry Stafford, 2nd duke of Buckingham, resided a See also:good See also:deal at the castle, and See also:Morton, See also:bishop of See also:Ely, whose custody as a prisoner was entrusted to him, plotted with him there for the dethronement of See also:Richard III., for which Stafford was executed in 1483. His son, See also:Edward, the 3rd duke, who was See also:born in the castle in 1478, had the estates restored to him, but, in 1521, suffered a like See also:fate with his See also:father, and the lordship and castle then vested in the See also:crown. Both were acquired in the next century by the ancestors of See also:Viscount See also:Tredegar, to whom they now belong. By a See also:statute of 1535 Brecon was made the county town of the new shire of Brecknock, and was granted the right of electing one See also:burgess to represent it in See also:parliament, a right which it retained till it was merged in the county See also:representation in 1885. A chancery and See also:exchequer for the counties of Brecknock and Radnor were also established at Brecon Castle, and from 1542 till 1830 the great sessions, and since then the assizes, and at all times the See also:quarter sessions for the county, have been held at Brecon. The borough had also a See also:separate See also:court of quarter sessions till 1835. The town was incorporated by a charter granted by See also:- PHILIP
- PHILIP (Gr.'FiXtrsro , fond of horses, from dn)^eiv, to love, and limos, horse; Lat. Philip pus, whence e.g. M. H. Ger. Philippes, Dutch Filips, and, with dropping of the final s, It. Filippo, Fr. Philippe, Ger. Philipp, Sp. Felipe)
- PHILIP, JOHN (1775-1851)
- PHILIP, KING (c. 1639-1676)
- PHILIP, LANOGRAVE OF HESSE (1504-1567)
Philip and Mary in 1556 and confirmed by See also:Elizabeth in the nineteenth year of her reign. A charter granted by See also:- JAMES
- JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
- JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
- JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
- JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
- JAMES, EPISTLE OF
- JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
- JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
- JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
- JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)
James II. was never acted upon.
The borough was placed under the Municipal Corporations See also:Act 1835, and until then the town of Llywel, which is 10 m. off, formed a See also:- WARD
- WARD, ADOLPHUS WILLIAM (1837- )
- WARD, ARTEMUS
- WARD, EDWARD MATTHEW (1816-1879)
- WARD, ELIZABETH STUART PHELPS (1844-1911)
- WARD, JAMES (1769--1859)
- WARD, JAMES (1843– )
- WARD, JOHN QUINCY ADAMS (1830-1910)
- WARD, LESTER FRANK (1841– )
- WARD, MARY AUGUSTA [MRS HUMPHRY WARD]
- WARD, WILLIAM (1766-1826)
- WARD, WILLIAM GEORGE (1812-1882)
ward of the borough. There were formerly five trade See also:gilds in the town, the chief See also:industries being See also:cloth and See also:leather manufactures.
There are five See also:ancient fairs for stock, and formerly each of them was preceded by a leather fair. The fairs held in May and November were also for hiring, much of the hiring being now done at the Guildhall, and not in the streets as used to be the See also:case.
During the Civil See also:War the greater part of the castle and of the town walls (which with their four See also:gates were until then well preserved) were demolished by the inhabitants in See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
order to prevent the town being either garrisoned or besieged. See also:Charles I., however, stayed a See also:night at the priory house shortly after the battle of See also:Naseby. The chief ruins of the castle are now enclosed in the grounds of the Castle Hotel, the See also:principal object being Ely tower, where Bishop Morton was imprisoned.
Besides those already mentioned the persons of See also:note born in the town include Henry Stafford, duke of Buckingham; Dr See also:Hugh See also:Price, founder of Jesus College, See also:- OXFORD
- OXFORD, EARLS OF
- OXFORD, EDWARD DE VERE, 17TH EARL
- OXFORD, JOHN DE VERE, 13TH EARL OF (1443-1513)
- OXFORD, PROVISIONS OF
- OXFORD, ROBERT DE VERE, 9TH EARL OF (1362-1392)
- OXFORD, ROBERT HARLEY, 1ST
Oxford; Dr Thomas See also:Coke, the first Wesleyan missionary bishop in See also:America; and See also:Theophilus See also:- JONES
- JONES, ALFRED GILPIN (1824-1906)
- JONES, EBENEZER (182o-186o)
- JONES, ERNEST CHARLES (1819-1869)
- JONES, HENRY (1831-1899)
- JONES, HENRY ARTHUR (1851- )
- JONES, INIGO (1573-1651)
- JONES, JOHN (c. 1800-1882)
- JONES, MICHAEL (d. 1649)
- JONES, OWEN (1741-1814)
- JONES, OWEN (1809-1874)
- JONES, RICHARD (179o-1855)
- JONES, SIR ALFRED LEWIS (1845-1909)
- JONES, SIR WILLIAM (1746-1794)
- JONES, THOMAS RUPERT (1819– )
- JONES, WILLIAM (1726-1800)
Jones, the historian of the county. Henry See also:Vaughan, the Silurist, at one time practised here as a See also:doctor of See also:medicine. (D. LL.
End of Article: BRECON, or BRECKNOCK
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