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See also:ALEXANDER OF APHRODISIAS , See also:- PUPIL (Lat. pupillus, orphan, minor, dim. of pupus, boy, allied to puer, from root pm- or peu-, to beget, cf. "pupa," Lat. for " doll," the name given to the stage intervening between the larval and imaginal stages in certain insects)
pupil of Aristocles of See also:Messene, the most celebrated of the See also:Greek commentators on the writings of See also:Aristotle, and styled, by way of pre-See also:eminence, O E rt'p r iS (" the expositor "), was a native of Aphrodisias in See also:Caria. He came to See also:Athens towards the end of the 2nd See also:century A.D., became See also:head of the See also:Lyceum and lectured on peripatetic See also:philosophy. The See also:object of his See also:work was to See also:free the See also:doctrine from the See also:syncretism of Ammonius and to reproduce the pure doctrine of Aristotle. Commentaries by Alexander on the following See also:works of Aristotle are still extant:—the Analytica, Priora, i.; the Topica; the Meteorologica; the De Sensu; and the Metaphysica, i.-v., together with an abridgment of what he wrote on the remaining books of the Metaphysica. His commentaries were greatly esteemed among the Arabians, who translated many of them. There are also several See also:original writings by Alexander still extant. The most important of these are a work On See also:Fate, in which he argues against the Stoic doctrine of See also:necessity; and one On the Soul, in which he contends that the undeveloped See also:reason in See also:man is material (vas i'AiK6s) and inseparable from the See also:body. He argued strongly against the doctrine of See also:immortality. He identified the active See also:intellect (vows 7roujTLK05), through whose agency the potential intellect in man becomes actual, with See also:God. Several of Alexander's works were published in the Aldine edition of Aristotle, See also:Venice, 1495–1498; his De Fato and De Anima were printed along with the works of See also:Themistius at Venice (1534); the former work, which has been translated into Latin by See also:Grotius and also by Schulthess, was edited by J. C. See also:Orelli, See also:Zurich, 1824; and his commentaries on the Metaphysica by H. See also:Bonitz, See also:Berlin, 1847, J. Nourisson has treated of his doctrine of fate (De la liberte et du See also:hazard, See also:Paris, 1870). In the See also:early See also:Renaissance his doctrine of the soul's mortality was adopted by P. Pomponazzi against the Thomists and the Averroists.
SeePERIPATETICS (ad fin.) ;See also:ALEXANDRISTS ;POMPONAllI, PIETRO; also A. Apelt, " See also:Die Schrift d. Alex. v. Aphr.," Philologus, xlv., 1886 ; C. Ruelle, " Alex. d'Aphr. et le pretendu Alex. d'Alexandrie," Rev. See also:des etudes grecques, v., 1892; E. 'See also:Zeller's Outlines of Gk. Phil. (Eng. trans., ed. 1905, Q. 296).
End of Article: ALEXANDER OF APHRODISIAS
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