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<DATE>2014-08-26</DATE>
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<NAME>Anne Simpson</NAME>
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<VID>212082</VID>
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<TEXT LANG="eng">
<FRONT>
<DIV1 TYPE="modern bookplate">
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<PB REF="2" MS="y">
<P> <HI>Columbia Vniversity in the City of New York</HI></P>
<P>LIBRARY</P>
<P><FIGURE>
<FIGDESC>Columbia University bookplate</FIGDESC>
<P>NOVI EBORACI SIGILLVM COLLEGII COLVMBIAE</P>
<P>IN LVMINE TVO VIDEBIMVS LVMEN 1 PET 11 12 <HI>&amp;c</HI></P>
</FIGURE></P>
<P>THE SELIGMAN LIBRARY OF ECONOMICS</P>
<P>PURCHASED BY THE UNIVERSITY 1929</P>
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</DIV1>
<DIV1 TYPE="title page">
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<P> <HI>SHORT Notes and Ob&s;ervations DRAWN FROM The pre&s;ent decaying condition of this Kingdom in Point of TRADE, Laid down in TWELVE PARTICULARS Some of which might (if &s;ea&s;onably applyed) po&s;&s;ibly contribute to our Recovery.</HI></P>
<LIST>
<ITEM><HI>I.</HI> Again&s;t Tran&s;portation of our Wools, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>II.</HI> Reformation in our Manufactures.</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>III.</HI> To incourage our Fi&s;hings.</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>IV.</HI> All per&s;ons, as well Strangers as Engli&s;h, that &s;hall contribute to the increa&s;e of our Manufactures, to be equally encouraged.</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>V.</HI> All Commodities imploy'd in our Manufactures, as well as our Manu|factures, to be free of Cu&s;tome, or other Impo&s;ition what&s;oever.</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>VI.</HI> Vain and unnece&s;&s;ary Commodities to be mo&s;t laden with Duties.</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>VII.</HI> Foraign Commodities Exported, to have the whole Cu&s;tome paid back.</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>VIII. Ireland</HI> to be incouraged in &s;etting up of Woollen Manufactures.</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>IX.</HI> A free Trade to <HI>Virginia,</HI> is the only way to make that Countrey thrive.</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>X.</HI> His Maje&s;ties Revenue will be be&s;t laid for the Nation in general, where it &s;hall lea&s;t burthen or di&s;turbe Trade.</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>XI.</HI> Of Officers to be imploy'd in the Management of His Maje&s;ties Revenue.</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>XII.</HI> To Re&s;train our great Exce&s;s in Apparel, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
<P>LONDON: <HI>Printed in the Year,</HI> M DC LXII.</P>
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<DIV1 TYPE="text">
<PB N="1" REF="4">
<HEAD>Short Notes and Ob&s;ervations drawn from the pre&s;ent decaying condition of this Kingdom, in Point of Trade, laid down in Twelve particulars; &s;ome of which might (if &s;ea&s;onally applyed) po&s;sibly contribute to our Recovery.</HEAD>
<P N="1">I. _THat our Laws again&s;t the Tran&s;portation of our <MILESTONE N="1" UNIT="Note"> <HI>Engli&s;h</HI> and <HI>Iri&s;h</HI> Wools, and Yarn, and Fullers-earth, may be further &s;trengthened, where they are found deficient; becau&s;e we are thereby at pre&s;enr robb'd of our be&s;t and mo&s;t Staple-Trade. The <HI>French, Dutch, Flemings,</HI> and others, have at pre&s;ent tho&s;e va&s;t quantities and con&s;tant Supplies from us, as that they therewith give Imployment to at lea&s;t 200000. <NOTE PLACE="marg">The <HI>Dutch, French,</HI> &amp;c. keep 200000 per&s;ons in work on our Wools.</NOTE> per&s;ons, while&s;t we mu&s;t &s;adly look upon, and maintain as many of our own poor, who are rendred mi&s;erable for want of Work: And this de&s;troyes and &s;poils our Trade every where, becau&s;e they having our Wools in &s;o great plenty, can make Cloth very much cheaper than we can deliver it to them, which otherwi&s;e 'twere impo&s;&s;ible for them to do. This Evill being prevented, we &s;hould not only have opportu|nity to imploy our own Poor, but, &s;ell &s;o much the more of our Commodities in Forain parts; by which we &s;hould gain the whole Manufactury and benefit of our indu&s;try of &s;o much Wool as they now &s;teal from us, which would be of very high honour and advantage to the&s;e Kingdoms. Certainly, tis an Error in tho&s;e Gentlemen, who are of an opinion, <NOTE PLACE="marg">VVools the cheaper in <HI>Eng|land,</HI> becau&s;e &s;o much is Tran&s;|ported.</NOTE> that they &s;hould not be able to make any thing valuable of their Wools, if there were not &s;o much Tran&s;ported (they will &s;ee no further then their pre&s;ent Market); but I am &s;ure 'twere better for them, and for the Nation in general (if we have an overplus of Wool) to buy it up upon a publick
<PB N="2" REF="5"> Stock, and burn &s;o much as we cannot work up, rather than <NOTE PLACE="marg">'Twere better for us to burn our Wools, then &s;ell them to Strangers.</NOTE> to &s;ell it to Forainers. The <HI>Dutch</HI> very prudently ob&s;erve &s;omewhat the &s;ame Method in another ca&s;e, which is wor|thy here to be taken notice of. 'Tis well known that the <HI>Ea&s;t-India</HI> Company of <HI>Holland</HI> are at pre&s;ent Ma&s;ters of the <NOTE PLACE="marg">The <HI>Dutch</HI> in another ca&s;e ob&s;erve the like order in the <HI>Ea&s;t-Indies.</HI></NOTE> Grand Spice-Trade in <HI>India;</HI> they con&s;ider and calculate what quantities of each &s;ort they ought to bring home to furni&s;h their &s;everal Markets; and in &s;uch a way and proportion of Importation, as to keep up the Price and Reputation of their Commodity; and therefore if they finde they have too great a Crop in <HI>India,</HI> they only bring home their ju&s;t proportion, and burn all the re&s;t, and yet lo&s;e not a penny thereby, but 'tis tho&s;e that come to buy of them that pay for what is burned; becau&s;e they not only &s;ave &s;o much Fraight and Charges, but make as much or more of what they Import, than if they had brought home their full Crop, to glut or overlay the Market. From whence I think I might conclude, that our Wools are the le&s;s wor<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="MURP" EXTENT="1 letter">h with us at home, and our Manufactures the le&s;s in e&s;teem abroad; becau&s;e &s;o much Wool is Tran&s;ported and Manufactured in Forain parts. There are good Laws already in force again&s;t this Evill, but either they are not well executed, or do not reach fully home; Somewhat is yet wanting which might be ea&s;ily provi|ded for.</P>
<P N="2">II. That the good old Laws for more faithful working of <MILESTONE N="2" UNIT="Note"> our Woollen, and all other Manufactures, may be revived <NOTE PLACE="marg">Strengthen our Laws for the more faithful working of our Cloth.</NOTE> and executed, according to their true intent and meaning; and may be further &s;trengthened by &s;uch other new Laws, as our pre&s;ent condition may mo&s;t require; wherein there will certainly want &s;ome Alterations and Amendments. We have been &s;o gro&s;ly faulty herein, every way, that our Neigh|bours have, without any great difficulty, got ground of us; they being very exact in all their Manufactures; and we, on the contrary, have lo&s;t very much of our former reputation in Forain parts by our remi&s;ne&s;s. A well appointed Com|mittee would &s;oon di&s;cover many abu&s;es herein, and direct
<PB N="3" REF="5"> to a very good Reformation. There are at pre&s;ent many <NOTE PLACE="marg">That all old Grants and Patents inten|ded for the be|nefit of our Manufactures may be more faithfully exe|cuted or made void.</NOTE> old Patents in force, which were at fir&s;t granted upon ju&s;t and honourable grounds; but at pre&s;ent, the only De&s;ign of them is, how to gather up the fees and dues allotted for the Officers or Undertakers; never taking care duely to vi&s;it the &s;everal Commodities, which they are bound to do: By which neglect (or, which is wor&s;e, Fraud) all per&s;ons are left at liberty to work and &s;ell as they plea&s;e. This, I am &s;ure, is one of our grand National Concernments, and Grie|vances.</P>
<P N="3">III. That our Fi&s;hings may be Protected and Incouraged, <MILESTONE N="3" UNIT="Note"> by all good wayes and means: which will not only give a <NOTE PLACE="marg">Incourage our Fi&s;hing.</NOTE> con&s;tant imployment to our Poor of both Sexes; but al&s;o, wonderfully inrich the Nation. His Maje&s;ty hath been very plentifully gracious in his late Grant for the propagating of this Honourable De&s;ign; every particular whereof, I am confident, will be very Religiou&s;ly ob&s;erved, how bu&s;ie &s;oever &s;ome would be to per&s;wade His Maje&s;ty to deface his Com|mi&s;&s;ion, in that part of it which graunts the returns of Fi&s;h, as well as the Fi&s;h, to be Cu&s;tom-free for &s;even years; whereby they would in&s;inuate to His Maje&s;ty, how con&s;iderable his lo&s;s <NOTE PLACE="marg">Some appear too bu&s;ie in their indevour to per&s;wade the King to deface His late Com|mi&s;&s;ion or Pa|tent.</NOTE> would be in his Cu&s;toms, having no re&s;pect to the high and many advantages that His Maje&s;ty, and the whole Kingdom, will receive, by the imployment and indu&s;try of &s;o many thou&s;ands of per&s;ons as will be concerned therein, abundant|ly tran&s;cending any &s;uch petty lo&s;s as they can make out will fall on the Cu&s;toms. Be&s;ides, they will not con&s;ider, that if His Maje&s;ty lo&s;e it in his Cu&s;toms, it goes not into per|ticular Pur&s;es, every Con&s;umptioner having his &s;hare of it; and therefore His Subjects will be hereby the better able, and more ready, to double that &s;um to His Maje&s;ty upon all occa&s;ions. His Maje&s;ty knows very well, that great De&s;ignes are commonly attended with great Difficulties; this bu&s;ine&s;s of the Fi&s;hing is of high Concernment, the entrance upon it will require large Disbur&s;ments, and very great care and pains, and the profit is hardly to be di&s;cern'd at &s;o great a di&s;tance; who&s;oever expects to be a gainer the three fir&s;t
<PB N="4" REF="6"> years, may be mi&s;taken; and therefore His Maje&s;ty out of His Royal Grace hath been plea&s;ed to invite his people to ingage in this honourable and charitable Work; by granting them great Immunities, and particularly that of freeing them from the Cu&s;toms for &s;even years; as a part of the returns of all their pains and hazards to which they mu&s;t nece&s;&s;arily be liable. But the true meaning and de&s;ign of &s;ome herein is <NOTE PLACE="marg">Tis by the Fi|&s;hing chiefly that the <HI>Dutch</HI> are arived to that height of wealth and power by Sea and Land.</NOTE> (I fear) to &s;tiffle this good De&s;ign, becau&s;e it will threaten and un&s;ettle their profit, as Officers, or Farmers, very much, and take off much of that opportunity, which they now have or may have by the Cu&s;toms in their places, not only to wrong His Maje&s;ty, but the Kingdom in general. In a word, if we &s;hould yet be &s;o unhappy as that his Maje&s;ty &s;hould be induced by the &s;ubtilty of &s;uch per&s;ons, to recal but that one clau&s;e, I &s;hould then remain but with very &s;mall hopes of any vigorous proceedings in that noble Fi&s;hing-de&s;ign.</P>
<P N="4">IV. To give Incouragement and Countenance to &s;uch <MILESTONE N="4" UNIT="Note"> per&s;ons as &s;hall contrive and endeavour the advantage and <NOTE PLACE="marg">Incourage all per&s;ons as &s;hall endeavour the increa&s;e of our Manufactures.</NOTE> increa&s;e of our Manufactures, in <HI>England</HI> and in <HI>Ireland,</HI> in imitation of other Countries whether it be by Natives, or by ingenious and indu&s;trious Forainers; And certainly I can|not but here take notice with what an unrea&s;onable bitter|ne&s;s we generally inveigh again&s;t admitting of &s;trangers to live among&s;t us; I am &s;o much of another opinion, as that I am per&s;waded if we had 30000 or more able workmen, out <NOTE PLACE="marg">Liberty to Fo|rainers to live and work in <HI>England.</HI></NOTE> of <HI>France, Holland,</HI> and <HI>Flanders,</HI> incorporated and natura|lized with us, they would be &s;o far from doing us hurt, as that they would be of very great advantage to the&s;e King|doms, in our general concernments in Trade and otherwi&s;e; and would not only be helpful to us, by what they them&s;elves &s;hould work or contrive; but by their good example ingage our own Poor and idle people (who now live by begging and what is wor&s;e) to be more indu&s;trious, than now they are. And here likewi&s;e I meet with another fit occa&s;ion to offer to your &s;erious con&s;ideration, How many thou&s;ands of per&s;ons in <HI>Holland,</HI> and el&s;ewhere, have not a hou&s;e wherewithal to
<PB N="5" REF="6"> cover their heads; and that in <HI>Holland</HI> e&s;pecially, where &s;o many Families live altogether in their Boats and other Ve&s;&s;els, flo|ting &s;till upon the &s;treams, &s;ometimes in one place, and then in another; and being frequently driven, to very hard &s;hifts. And then on the other &s;ide, when I con&s;ider, How many thou|&s;ands of hou&s;es, we have lying void; and how much Land ly|ing wa&s;te, not only in our Inland Countrey, but al&s;o along our Sea-Coa&s;ts; I have by very good rea&s;on been per&s;waded to believe that many of tho&s;e poor indu&s;trious people (who now live under &s;undry &s;traights and oppre&s;&s;ions) would ca&s;ily be invited to remove their poor and wilde Habitations, if they might find entertainment with us. Certainly, if we did but &s;eriou&s;ly con&s;ider the infinite number of people there are in <HI>Holland,</HI> in compari&s;on and proportionable to what we have in <HI>England,</HI> and the great freedom they give to all &s;trangers, and that tis thereby they grow &s;o potent in Trade and Wealth <NOTE PLACE="marg">The <HI>Dutch</HI> grow rich by the mult<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="MURP" EXTENT="1 letter">tude of people, and the great free|dom they grant to all per&s;ons.</NOTE> beyond other Nations (who are (otherwi&s;e) more advanta|giou&s;ly &s;cituated than they are): We mu&s;t then conclude and confe&s;s, that tis not that we have already too many people in <HI>England,</HI> as indeed too many do not now only &s;trangely, but &s;trongly and pa&s;&s;ionately, indeavour to maintain; but rather that we want good Order and Government in the execution <NOTE PLACE="marg">The Parlia|ments of <HI>Ire|land</HI> and <HI>Scot|land,</HI> by their late Acts, have granted great Immunities to &s;trangers, for the encourage|ment and ad|vance of Trade.</NOTE> of our good Laws, whereby to keep our people well imploy|ed. And therefore if we would &s;o far mind our own intere&s;t, as to admit and receive &s;ome of tho&s;e indu&s;trious Forainers among&s;t us; I &s;hould have fair hopes, that we might not only thrive in our new Fi&s;hing de&s;ign, to which His Ma|je&s;ty on his part hath been &s;o very gracious in giving large Incouragements; but al&s;o in all other parts of our Trade. We would very willingly be as rich and flouri&s;hing in Trade as the <HI>Dutch</HI> are: but we will not ob&s;erve their Method, nor tread in their paths. <MILESTONE N="5" UNIT="Note"></P>
<P N="5">V. That all Commodities imployed in any kind, in per|fecting <NOTE PLACE="marg">Our woollen Manufactures, and all Gom|modities im|ployed in the perfecting of them, to be free of Cu&s;tom and Exci&s;e.</NOTE> of our Manufactures, may be free from Cu&s;tom or Exci&s;e, or any other Impo&s;ition what&s;oever; and that on &s;uch of our Manufactures as may be had in other parts, there may be no Cu&s;tom charged; by which means we &s;hall be able
<PB N="6" REF="7"> to &s;ell our Goods the cheaper, to the prejudice and di&s;cou|ragement of other Nations, which at pre&s;ent, as we now &s;tand, is the only way left us to inlarge our Exportation very much, and to regain our Reputation in Foraign parts; whereas when our Goods are dear and ill conditioned, they will accu&s;tom them&s;elves to &s;ome other &s;orts of Clothing of their own inventions, as we have found by woful experience, and a Trade is &s;ooner lo&s;t than gained.</P>
<P N="6">VI. That if there be an ab&s;olute nece&s;&s;ity that we mu&s;t pay <MILESTONE N="6" UNIT="Note"> high Cu&s;toms, to which (I mu&s;t confe&s;s) I am no friend, becau&s;e 'tis &s;o great an enemy, and ob&s;tructor of Trade, and thereby of the Nation in general, That Foraign Commodities, Imported and Expended by us, may be valued in the Cu&s;toms or Exci&s;e, according and proportionable to the real want we have of them; That is to &s;ay, that Silks, and innumerable other Commodities, which &s;erve more to plea&s;e our various fancies, <NOTE PLACE="marg">Tho&s;e Com|modities which we want lea&s;t, and which are mo&s;t de&s;tru|ctive to our own Manu|factures, to be mo&s;t laden with Duties.</NOTE> than to &s;upply our nece&s;&s;ities, and are mo&s;t de&s;tructive to our own Manufactures, may be the highe&s;t charged with du|ties; whereby our own Manufactures, of the &s;ame nature, will find more Incouragement. This is known to be the practice and policy of other Countries; and this will be one grand means and motive to draw over Foraign Workmen to us: which, I am &s;ure, will be more our advantage, than to have them &s;end their Commodities to us. But &s;ome will &s;ay, That to charge fine Goods with high Duties, is the way to have none paid at all. And I &s;hould very willingly &s;ubmit to their Opinion, if bu&s;ine&s;&s;es were not better looked after, than it is at pre&s;ent; but yet, I will dare to &s;ay with boldne&s;s, that were there a thorough Reformation in the management <NOTE PLACE="marg">The Cu&s;tom or Exci&s;e of fine Goods to be &s;e|cured, as well as Goods of greater bulk.</NOTE> of that part of His Maje&s;ties Revenue; the Cu&s;toms of fine, rich Goods, might in &s;ome good proportion be as well &s;ecu|red, as of Commodities of the greate&s;t bulk; wherein, I think, I could make appear there is as great fraud at pre&s;ent, as in any other; as to in&s;tance only Wine and Tobacco, which you will &s;ay cannot be ea&s;ily conveyed a&s;hore in a Pocket, or under a Cloak. By all which, we &s;hall very much le&s;&s;en the Importation of Forain Manufactures, and by &s;o much the more incourage our own, and &s;ave our &s;elves from a
<PB N="7" REF="7"> great deal of lo&s;s, which we now bear, far beyond what mo&s;t per&s;ons are &s;en&s;ible of.</P>
<P N="7">VII. That for the further and more effectual Incouragement <MILESTONE N="7" UNIT="Note"> of Strangers to come and live, and incorporate among&s;t us; <NOTE PLACE="marg">Forain Com|modities Ex|ported to have the whole Im|po&s;t paid back, which will draw a great Trade to us from all parts, and make <HI>Eng|land</HI> in a &s;hort time the grand Mart of the World.</NOTE> and make u&s;e of our Ports and Shipping, all manner of Goods Imported, and afterwards Exported, may have the whole Duty repaid them (re&s;erving only &s;o much as will defray the charge of Officers, <HI>&amp;c.)</HI> this not to be the priviledge of one Port only (as is <HI>Dover</HI> at pre&s;ent, which will but help further to cheat the King of his Revenue, and de&s;troy the Trade of other parts of the Nation, who do not enjoy the &s;ame liberty) but of all the Ports and Creeks of <HI>England</HI> and <HI>Ireland.</HI> This I am &s;ure (next to the utter throwing down of the Cu&s;toms, to which, I confe&s;s, I am mo&s;t inclined) would draw a great Trade to us from all parts, and make <HI>England,</HI> in a &s;hort time, to be really that grand Magazin of Trade, now &s;o much talked of, and de&s;ired by all per&s;ons. What at this time more loudly proclaims the decay of our Trade, than the dayly failing of &s;o many per&s;ons in their E&s;tates, who have been very well looked upon, and the filling of all our Gaols and Pri&s;ons; the great <NOTE PLACE="marg">The multitude of our poor in <HI>England,</HI> do loudly pro|claim our decay in Trade.</NOTE> numbers of poor, mi&s;erable wretches who lie begging in every corner of the Nation; yea, many Starved to Death even in this great City of <HI>London:</HI> Certainly, whoever walks our &s;treets, and are &s;o tender hearted as to ob&s;erve the &s;everal &s;ad objects of Charity, of poor Men, Women, and hunger &s;tarved Chil|dren lying in every corner, and takes notice of their doleful groans and complaints, mu&s;t bear me witne&s;s of this &s;ad truth; To which I might al&s;o add another &s;ort of Poor, who, God knows, are as nece&s;&s;itous as any others, and yet dare not, or are a&s;hamed to di&s;cover their &s;ad and langui&s;hing condition; and although their &s;ecret &s;ighs and complaints are &s;eldom heard here below, yet certainly they are of that nature, as that they do very often a&s;cend up to heaven And if the&s;e be truths, then certainly 'tis worthy the con&s;ideration and care of the Great Council of the Nation, to provide for the relief and redre&s;s of tho&s;e evils which &s;o much threaten our utter de&s;truction, by all good ways and means; for which nothing can be more proper, than to remove every thing that ob&s;tructs our Trade; and here|in I look upon the Cu&s;toms to be very con&s;iderable.</P>
<P N="8"><PB N="8" REF="8"> VIII. That there may be &s;omewhat of Tenderne&s;s and In|dulgence <MILESTONE N="8" UNIT="Note"> u&s;ed towards <HI>Ireland,</HI> for its improvement in Trade, <NOTE PLACE="marg">That <HI>Ireland</HI> may not be di|&s;couraged in their &s;etting up of wollen Ma|nufactures, be|cau&s;e otherwi&s;e 'twil be almo&s;t impo&s;&s;ible to keep their Wools out of the hands of Strangers.</NOTE> and that particularly in their Wollen Manufactures; I fear the di&s;couraging of them from working up their Wools, and, in lieu thereof, &s;etting them upon a Linnen Manufacture, is not &s;o &s;trongly and prudently founded, as &s;ome will imagine; for if <HI>England</HI> will neither permit them to work up their Wools, nor yet take them off at moderate rates, I cannot under&s;tand but that 'tis very rational for them to &s;ell them to Forainers; yea, certainly, let what Law will be made in <HI>England</HI> to the con|trary, I fear 'twill be hard to keep them out of the hands of Srtangers; and if this be granted me, then I know 'twill not be denyed, but that there can be no Wools tran&s;ported out of <HI>Ireland</HI> into <HI>France, Holland,</HI> or <HI>Flanders,</HI> but mu&s;t con&s;equently tend to the de&s;truction of our <HI>Engli&s;h</HI> Drapery, as we &s;ee it is at this day. I mu&s;t confe&s;s, that I am of opinion, that if we did but keep our Wools in <HI>England</HI> and <HI>Ireland,</HI> and both take care in their Manufactury (leaving the Grand Trade of Linnens to other Nations, who thrive in it at pre&s;ent, and have been &s;o many ages &s;etled therein) we &s;hould find our accompt better than by making of Linnens; for, unle&s;s we can content our &s;elves to exchange our Woollen for their Linnen (which el&s;e they will not be able to buy) I know not what Trade we &s;hall drive with them: If we had all Commodities nece&s;&s;ary within our &s;elves, we &s;hould &s;oon lo&s;e the honour we have gotten by our Navigation; Merchants, Seamen, and Ships would then &s;ignifie but little; whereas, at pre&s;ent, they have the honour to be &s;tyled <HI>Englands walls.</HI></P>
<P N="9">IX. That whereas &s;ome of our Forain Plantations are at <MILESTONE N="9" UNIT="Note"> pre&s;ent but very ill furni&s;hed with Per&s;ons and Planters of our <NOTE PLACE="marg">Liberty to Fo|rainers to trade and inhabit in &s;ome of his Maje&s;ties Plantations, e&s;pecially in <HI>Virginia,</HI> where there wants nothing but able and indu|&s;trous per&s;ons. 500 <HI>Frenchmen</HI> &s;hall do more good in <HI>Virgi|nia,</HI> then 3000 of our <HI>Engli&s;h,</HI> &s;uch as we commonly &s;end</NOTE> own Nation: Incouragement may be given to Forainers to Trade and Plant e&s;pecially in <HI>Virginia,</HI> where there wants nothing but good Workmen, that Countrey giving &s;o very fair hopes of producing &s;everal rich Commodities, far above Tobacco; which would be of very great benefit to tho&s;e Plan|tations, as well as to his Maje&s;ties Kingdoms of <HI>England, Scot|land,</HI> and <HI>Ireland.</HI> If his Maje&s;ty would but admit a Trade with the <HI>French,</HI> only for &s;ome years, there would &s;oon be
<PB N="9" REF="8"> Tran&s;ported of all &s;orts of able Workmen from thence, fit for any imployment: whereas, we only (or generally) &s;end thi|ther the very Rubbi&s;h and Off-&s;cowring of his Maje&s;ties Domi|nions; Per&s;ons, for the mo&s;t part bred up to nothing but Idle|ne&s;s, and all manner of vice. And from thence, I humbly conceive it is, that we reap no better fruits: But I dur&s;t not &s;ay more herein, becau&s;e I have very good rea&s;on to believe, that the intere&s;t of tho&s;e Plantations will be now pleaded for by tho&s;e who know it far better, and are more nearly concer|ned; and likewi&s;e becau&s;e it would &s;trike at our Act of Navi|gation, which I mu&s;t not adventure to Oppo&s;e.</P>
<P N="10">X. That whatever revenue may be &s;etled on his Maje&s;ty <MILESTONE N="10" UNIT="Note"> that will be be&s;t for every degree of Per&s;ons in the Nation, <NOTE PLACE="marg">That Revenue which &s;hall be &s;etled on his Maje&s;ty will be be be&s;t for the Nation, which will lea&s;t di|&s;trub Trade.</NOTE> which will lea&s;t di&s;turb or burthen our Trade, and which may be mannaged with the lea&s;t Charge, and number of Officers, and will be &s;ubject to the lea&s;t Fraud. A multitude of Officers (we know) &s;trike deep in the &s;poiling and con&s;uming of a Noble Revenue. I mu&s;t confe&s;s, my thoughts are &s;trongly fixt upon a kind of Exci&s;e, or Duty rai&s;ed by way of Licence upon the Retailers of Beer, Ale, Wine, and other Liquours, <NOTE PLACE="marg">An In-land Exci&s;e better than the Cu|&s;toms.</NOTE> and al&s;o upon Tobacco, and &s;ome other Inland Exci&s;e; which with a &s;mall Monthly Tax, and &s;ome other wayes, which I am informed are at pre&s;ent under Con&s;ideration, will be found a Revenue more certain and Honourable for his Ma|je&s;ty, <NOTE PLACE="marg">The Cu&s;toms occa&s;ion a mul|titude of &s;ins in the Nation, by bribery, ly|ing, perjury, and all manner of indirect and di&s;ingenuous wayes.</NOTE> than the Cu&s;toms, and le&s;s grievous to the people: whereby the Salary of 10000 per&s;ons (at lea&s;t) would be &s;aved; be&s;ides the innumerable frauds that too many of them, and generally mo&s;t other per&s;ons concern'd, now frequently practi&s;e; whereby his Maje&s;ty loo&s;es at lea&s;t half of his Cu|&s;toms: tho&s;e per&s;ons would then be forced to put them&s;elves upon &s;ome more ingenious imployment, the return whereof <NOTE PLACE="marg">'Tis the Nobi|lity and Gen|try that &s;uffer mo&s;t by the Cu&s;toms: they pay at lea&s;t 2 <HI>s.</HI> in 20 <HI>s.</HI> more than if there were no Cu&s;tom on all Forain goods.</NOTE> would be of better concernment to the Common-wealth, whereas at pre&s;ent &s;ome will adventure to &s;ay. that they are very unprofitable members. If our Nobility and Gentry would but be per&s;waded, that it is they who really bear the great burthen of the Cu&s;toms, by paying (it may be) treble the Cu&s;toms upon all the Goods they buy, of what really comes into the Kings Coffers; and that the Cu&s;toms being
<PB N="10" REF="9"> taken off, they &s;hould buy all Commodities &s;o much the chea|per, and that by a free Trade, their Lands would be advanced very much; I &s;hould then have &s;ome hopes that they would appear the Greate&s;t Oppo&s;ers of the Cu&s;toms in the Nation.</P>
<P N="11">XI. That his Maje&s;ties Revenue may be committed to the <MILESTONE N="11" UNIT="Note"> care and mannagement of &s;uch per&s;ons as may be every way <NOTE PLACE="marg">Care in pla|cing Officers for the Ma|nagement of his Maje&s;ties Revenue.</NOTE> qualified for &s;o great a Tru&s;t; not only for their Faithfulne&s;s, but al&s;o for their Ability: wherein the purcha&s;ing of Offices is very un&s;afe, and frequently begets much corruption in Offi|cers; and that &s;uch Sallaries may be &s;etled and allowed, as may (if po&s;&s;ible) ingage Officers to re&s;i&s;t every temptation. His Maje&s;ty, I am confident, knows ere this to His co&s;t, that he hath gained little by this kind of Husbandry. A Sallary of 30 or 40 <HI>l. per annum</HI> to him that hath been accu&s;tomed to &s;pend 2 or 300<HI>l.</HI> goes but a little way, and it mu&s;t be rai&s;ed one way or other. We &s;ee frequently, that per&s;ons well edu|cated, and who have known what it is to live well, by being reduced to a low and nece&s;&s;itous condition, are too apt to be tempted to &s;ome di&s;honourable action, to maintain their port.</P>
<P N="12">XII. That &s;ome way may be found out to re&s;train our great <MILESTONE N="12" UNIT="Note"> and &s;inful exce&s;s in Apparel, throughour all his Maje&s;ties <NOTE PLACE="marg">Our great ex|ce&s;s and wan|tonne&s;s in Ap|parel, and all other Expences above other Nations, is one great cau&s;e of our decay in Trade.</NOTE> Dominions (at lea&s;t until &s;uch time as we are better able to &s;up|port it) and that e&s;pecially in per&s;ons of low <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="MURP" EXTENT="1 letter">anck. That &s;in hath no other good in it, but to enrich our Neighbours, and ruine us in our E&s;tates and Manufactures, and to lea<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="MURP" EXTENT="2 letters"> us into all other vices and di&s;orders. And I am confident, that who|&s;oever &s;hall make a &s;trict inquiry into the Cau&s;es of the &s;ad decay we now complain of in our Trade, and the great &s;car&s;ity of Money throughout the&s;e Kingdoms, will find that our Un|doing proceeds from nothing more, then our mo&s;t abominable extravagant expences of all kinds (wherein we yet &s;eem to glory in that which is our &s;hame, and will perpetually lie as a reproach upon us, that we will exceed the proude&s;t Nations in the World). And certainly, if it be true, that the <HI>French</HI> and other Nations have the advantage of us in the over-ballance of Trade; 'tis altogether as true, that this our vain humor (which cannot be &s;atisfied with any thing but what co&s;ts dear and comes from far) is one great cau&s;e of it. We might &s;till
<PB N="11" REF="9"> have from them &s;o much of their Gallantry <HI>a la mode</HI> as might <NOTE PLACE="marg">The <HI>French</HI> gain abun|dantly more in proportion in returns of their <HI>Mode,</HI> than by their <HI>more Sta|ple Commodi|ties,</HI> for we have in effect that which is li<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="MURP" EXTENT="1 letter">tle berter than nothing for our ready mony, or, in|deed, that which is wor&s;e then nothing, becau&s;e the <HI>Mode</HI> is a Ty|rant, and too often ruins he be&s;t &s;ervants by ingaging them into ma+ny other kind of expences and inconveni|encies.</NOTE> be fit for all per&s;ons who are fit to u&s;e them; and yet not Im|port by many hundred thou&s;and pounds <HI>per annum,</HI> &s;o much as now we do. This I am &s;ure would help to &s;et the ballance of Trade right betwixt us, and &s;oon beget a greater plenty of Money in <HI>England;</HI> e&s;pecially if together with this re&s;traint, there were an ab&s;olute decry and prohibition again&s;t all gold and &s;ilver Lace, Cloth of gold or &s;ilver, Embroderies, gold and &s;ilver Ribbons, Fringe, Buttons, Hatbands, guilding of Coaches, and other the like undoing vanities; al&s;o, the wa&s;te and folly of Funeral gold Rings (now &s;o highly in fa&s;hion, and &s;o com|mon in the City of <HI>London).</HI> Our conveniences and advantages hereby would be very many, and very great, as may be ob&s;er|ved in the following Particulars.</P>
<P N="1">1. When all per&s;ons &s;hall be thus habited agreeable to their Q<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="MURP" EXTENT="1 letter">ality, there mu&s;t then nece&s;&s;arily follow a far greater expence and con&s;umption of our own Manufactures, then at pre&s;ent; a good &s;arge Gown and a Hat will then &s;erve for tho&s;e who now think a plain Silk to be &s;omewhat beneath their degree, and th<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="MURP" EXTENT="1 letter">s will be one good means to keep our Wools from being Tran&s;ported, and give imployment to &s;o many thou&s;ands more of our own people, as our extravaga<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="MURP" EXTENT="1 letter">cies maintain in Forain <MILESTONE N="1" UNIT="Advantage"> <NOTE PLACE="marg">Advantage by a re&s;traint in Apparel.</NOTE> parts; whereby we may have hopes in few years to be come again the greate&s;t Ma&s;ters of all Wollen Manufactures in the World. Let us but incourage the we<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="MURP" EXTENT="2 letters">ing of our own Manu|factures our &s;elves, we &s;hould grow rich although the <HI>French</HI> or <HI>Dutch</HI> &s;hould not buy a pound of us in &s;even years, which they can never do&punc; if we can keep our Wools from them.</P>
<P N="2">2. Hereby we &s;hall be able to buy all rich Silks and other <MILESTONE N="2" UNIT="Advantage."> co&s;tly Commodities, which we &s;hall then want from Forain parts, abundantly cheaper than we can at p<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="MURP" EXTENT="1 letter">e&s;ent; we know too well that they make us pay dear for our fancies, I am &s;ure this will &s;ave to per&s;ons of Q<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="MURP" EXTENT="1 letter">ality a great deal of Mony yearly.</P>
<P N="3">3. By this means we &s;hall turn our pre&s;ent want into a grea|ter <MILESTONE N="3" UNIT="Advantage."> plenty of Mony: Our gold and &s;ilver Lace, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> will then go to the Mint, which is computed (by &s;ome who pretend to know mo&s;t) to amount to, in <HI>England, Scotland,</HI> and <HI>Ireland,</HI> near Two Millions Sterling; whereas, I am &s;ure at pre&s;ent,
<PB N="12" REF="10"> his Maje&s;ties Mint mu&s;t expect but little work, as long as Gold&s;miths can afford to give 2 <HI>d. per</HI> ounce for Bullion above the Mint rate, which then they would not be able to do. A plenty of Mony will &s;et all the wheels of Trade going, and that will gain the hearts of the Commons to their Superiers, where|as at pre&s;ent, we are apt to murmur, and lay the blame of all our &s;traights and mi&s;cariages upon our Magi&s;trates.</P>
<P N="4">4. This will al&s;o take off very much of that occa&s;ion of ex|pence <MILESTONE N="4" UNIT="Advantage."> to which many per&s;ons of Honour are now ingaged, a|bove and beyond their real abilities in point of fortune, whereby either to be di&s;tingui&s;hed from the inferiour &s;ort of people, or in hopes thereby of &s;ome preferment or advantage; and by a plenty of Money, and their keeping within compa&s;s, pre&s;erve them from taking up Goods and Monies upon &s;uch di&s;advan|tagious and ruining terms, as they now do, whereby the Shop|keeper, the U&s;urer, the Scrivener, and the Broker, make a day|ly pray of them, con&s;training them either to &s;ell or mortage their E&s;tates upon very di&s;honorable terms, to the utter undo|ing of many good Families; by which means (be&s;ides the ill reputation they gain the ba&s;e&s;t Commons might again become their Ma&s;ters: from the &s;ad effects whereof we are but &s;o lately delivered, as I think we have ju&s;t cau&s;e to dread the very thoughts of it for time to come; and yet, although I mu&s;t not dare plainly to charge any of our Nobility or Gentry, with any kind of Extravagancies; yet, I may be bold to &s;ay, that 'tis their G<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="MURP" EXTENT="1 letter">llantry, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> that not only gives example, but life and &s;up|port al&s;o to the Pride of the Commons; if they would be but more moderate in their Expences, they would buy all Commo|dities much cheaper, and pay better: the Commons (e&s;pecially the Citizens) would &s;oon be brought to know them&s;elves better; and yet, all hone&s;t and &s;erious men among&s;t them would be far more plea&s;ed, and honor the Court more then now they think they have rea&s;on to do.</P>
<P N="5">5. This will al&s;o keep per&s;ons of low degree and inferiour <MILESTONE UNIT="Advantage."> Trades in &s;o good order, as they will be better able to provide for their Families, then now they do, becau&s;e, at pre&s;ent, rather then not be in &s;ome kind accommodated, as well as their richer Neigbours, they will run in debt every where, for Meat, Drink
<PB N="13" REF="10"> and Apparel, which they take up of a certain &s;ort of People in <HI>London</HI> at exce&s;&s;ive rates, to pay by we<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="MURP" EXTENT="1 letter">kly proportions, where|by they can never arive to any E&s;tate, &s;o as to leave their chil|dren any provi&s;ion for their &s;upport and maintenance, &s;o that the Parent dying, the Children are left in charge on the Pari&s;h, which falls heavy in many parts of the Nation&punc; being wor&s;e than a Tax of A hundred thou&s;and pounds <HI>per Men&s;em.</HI></P>
<P N="6">6. This good Order and Decency in Apparel will beget <MILESTONE N="6" UNIT="Advantage."> more faithfulen&s;s in Servants, who now, too many of them, and too frequently rob their Ma&s;ters, to &s;upport their Pride and other Vices which attend it. What will not &s;ome Men and Women now dare to attempt to &s;atisfie their Ambition, and their lu&s;ts? 'tis &s;ad to con&s;ider how vainly prodigal, and cor|rupt the generality of the Youth are in this age; and how little of good example can be expected they will be able to give their Children in the next age, if God doth not in mercy to us, direct our Magi&s;trate to contrive &s;ome way for our Reformation.</P>
<P N="7">7. By this Re&s;traint and Order in Apparel, we &s;hall know <MILESTONE N="7" UNIT="Advantage."> how to <HI>give honour to whom honour is due;</HI> we &s;hall know the quality of the per&s;on (in &s;ome mea&s;ure) by the habit, which, I am &s;ure, we cannot now ea&s;ily do, being di&s;gui&s;ed with too much Pride; that which now is thought hardly good enough for an ordinary Servant, will then become better per&s;ons, and each have more mony in their pur&s;es. Good <HI>Engli&s;h</HI> Sarge, or other of our <HI>Engli&s;h</HI> Stuffs, will be cheaper and wear three times as long as Silk will do.</P>
<P N="8">8. By this good Order and re&s;traint in Apparel, and Refor|mation <MILESTONE N="8" UNIT="Advantahe."> in our other concernments, as is before expre&s;&s;ed, there will be &s;o great a plenty of Mony, and &s;o flouri&s;hing a Trade, that Lands will be valued very much higher, and all Forain Commodities be brought very much cheaper, than at pre&s;ent; which will be of great advantage and improvement in the E&s;tates of all per&s;ons of Quality; and hereby al&s;o will your Tenants find them&s;elves better able to pay their Rents, and all men generally be better able to pay their Debts, with|out being compelled to &s;uch di&s;honorable &s;hiftings, as too many (otherwi&s;e Honourable per&s;ons) do now make u&s;e of.</P>
<P N="9"><PB N="14" REF="11"> 9. By this means al&s;o, the Merchant will not have &s;o much <MILESTONE N="9" UNIT="Advantage."> occa&s;ion to u&s;e his Credit in Forain parts, for the buying of tho&s;e &s;uperfluous Commodities, at &s;o great di&s;advantage and lo&s;s; which for want of plenty of Mony, and good payment from his Debtors, he is forced to do by taking Credit, by ex|change from <HI>French, Dutch, Italian,</HI> and other Banquers, for which he payes after the rate of 20 <HI>per Cent. per annum.</HI> (which in truth is but a refined Extortion with a better name) all which goes at pre&s;ent out of our <HI>Engli&s;h</HI> Stock, and is one great means to undo &s;o many good Merchants and Trades-men, as we &s;ee dayly fail, which would be then much remedied; whereas at pre&s;ent we are &s;trangely become a prey to all the Nations round about us, they growing rich by our wantonne&s;s and ill husbandry.</P>
<P N="10">10. And la&s;tly, by all this his Maje&s;ties Revenue will come <MILESTONE N="10" UNIT="Advantage."> in more plentifully and cheerfully then we finde it doth at pre&s;ent; for when the Kingdom flouri&s;heth in Trade, certainly the King can never want a Revenue, whereby the reproach and di&s;honour which now lies on the Court, &amp; all that have relation to it (wherein indeed the good &s;uffer with, or rather for, the unhand&s;ome dealing of the bad, who lie &s;o deeply in Debt, without taking any thoughts how to &s;atisfie, but di&s;honourably &s;heltering them&s;elves under a Protection) will then be very much taken off, to the gre<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="MURP" EXTENT="1 letter">t Honour, Happine&s;s, and &s;atisfacti|on of his Maje&s;ty, and all his Loyal Subjects; and then the mouths of men of <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="MURP" EXTENT="1 letter">ll Princ<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="MURP" EXTENT="1 letter">ples and wor&s;e Affections to h<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="MURP" EXTENT="1 letter">s Maje&s;ties Government will be &s;topped, whereas at pre&s;ent they are very zealou&s;ly watchful to take hold of any occa&s;ion, whereby they may render the Court odious, and the<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="MURP" EXTENT="1 letter">eby take advantage to debauch as many as they can from their Alleagi|ance; but yet, if God &s;hall &s;o far direct his Maje&s;ty, and his great Councel to &s;uch means as may tend to our Recovery and Pro&s;perity, I doubt not but he will turn all the black de&s;ignes, plots and contrivances of wicked and unpeaceable men upon their own heads, and that we &s;hall yet live to injoy once more both the ble&s;&s;ings of Peace and Plenty.</P>
<CLOSER>Which God grant.</CLOSER>
<PB REF="11">
<PB REF="12">
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</TEXT>
</EEBO>
</ETS>
