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<DATE>2014-07-23</DATE>
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<NAME>Maria Cecila Caride</NAME>
<RESP>MURP</RESP>
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<STC T="W">M732A</STC>
<BIBNO T="oclc" PRE="ocn">297426964</BIBNO>
<VID>208142</VID>
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<TEXT LANG="eng">
<FRONT>
<DIV1 TYPE="illustration">
<PB REF="1">
<PB REF="2">
<P><FIGURE>
<HEAD><HI>MAHOMETS TOMBE</HI> A the Grand Signior B the Crim Tartar C the Emperour of Ger: D the Pope: I: Chantry. &s;eu<GAP DESC="illegible" REASON="right margin cropped or obscured" RESP="MURP" EXTENT="1+ letters"></HEAD>
</FIGURE></P>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 TYPE="title page">
<PB REF="2">
<P>THE SECOND PART OF THE New Survey OF THE <HI>T&V;RKISH EMPIRE,</HI> Containing
<LIST>
<ITEM>I. <HI>The Extent of its Dominion, when, how, and by whom conquered.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>II. <HI>An Account of the</HI> Tartars.</ITEM>
<ITEM>III. <HI>The Life of</HI> Mahomet the <HI>Impo&s;tor.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>IV. <HI>Their Militia.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>V. <HI>Their Government Civil and Eccle|&s;ia&s;tick.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>VI. <HI>The Continuation of their Hi&s;tory.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST></P>
<P>Being now an Ab&s;olute and Com|pleat Di&s;covery of what is worth Knowledge, or is any way &s;atisfactory to Curio&s;ity, in that Mighty Nation.</P>
<P><HI>LONDON,</HI> Printed by <HI>J. Be&s;t</HI> for <HI>Henry Mar&s;h</HI> at the Princes Arms in <HI>Chancery-lane.</HI> 1664.</P>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 TYPE="imprimatur">
<PB REF="3">
<P>Imprimatur.</P>
<CLOSER><SIGNED>VVill. Morice.</SIGNED>
<DATELINE><DATE>Jan. 9. 1663.</DATE></DATELINE></CLOSER>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 TYPE="dedication">
<PB REF="3">
<HEAD>To the Right Honou|rable <HI>Thomas</HI> Lord <HI>Arundel</HI> of <HI>War|dour,</HI> and Count of the &s;acred Empire.</HEAD>
<OPENER><SALUTE>May it plea&s;e your Lord&s;hip,</SALUTE></OPENER>
<P>_THere is due to the glory of your Il|lu&s;trious Family a more ample and &s;ufficient Di&s;cour&s;e of the &s;ub|ject
<PB REF="4"> I have re&s;umed, and I mu&s;t therefore humbly crave your pardon, that I pre&s;ume to confine the extended re|nown of your Name through|out the Turki&s;h Empire, to this abridgement of its Great|ne&s;s.</P>
<P>Your valorous and victori|ous Ance&s;tor left the Impre&s;|&s;ion of Engli&s;h Courage and Honour indelibly vi&s;ible on the walls of <HI>Strigonium,</HI> which Town his noble atchieve|ment did in effect re&s;tore to to the German <HI>Cae&s;ar,</HI> who&s;e &s;entiments of &s;o great a &s;er|vice have not onely worthi|ly ranked you (by &s;ucce&s;&s;i|on) with the mo&s;t Noble Counts of the mo&s;t &s;acred Empire, but &s;ignalized that merit with an Engli&s;h Baro|ny,
<PB REF="4"> conferred as a further reward thereof by our late Soveraign King <HI>James</HI> of ble&s;|&s;ed memory.</P>
<P>Be your Lord&s;hip favoura|bly plea&s;ed to permit there|fore your Titles to be in&s;cri|bed to this Treati&s;e, as by the matter thereof you have been entituled, to your Ho|nours, and that with more &s;plendid Remarques then the greate&s;t Dignities in <HI>Europe</HI> can pretend to. And I no way doubt but that your great Name will prove as benign and propitious to this de&s;ign as it hath been di&s;a&s;trous and formidable to the Turks.</P>
<P>Wi&s;hing your Lord&s;hip all Pro&s;perity, an&s;werable to
<PB REF="5"> your own particular Vertue, which hath been no le&s;s &s;ig|nally famous in the late Royal Service, I humbly beg leave to &s;ub&s;cribe my &s;elf</P>
<CLOSER><SALUTE>My Lord,</SALUTE>
<SIGNED>Your mo&s;t humble and obedient Servant, Henry Mar&s;h.</SIGNED></CLOSER>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 TYPE="to the reader">
<PB REF="5">
<HEAD>To the Reader.</HEAD>
<P>_HAving lately publi&s;h|ed the Fir&s;t Part of a <HI>New Survey of Tur|ky,</HI> when for Expedi|tion, by rea&s;on &s;uch a Treati&s;e was every day expected; I could not po&s;&s;ibly di|ge&s;t all that concerns &s;o &s;pacious and mighty an Empire into &s;o &s;mall a Vo|lume; I have now by the favoura|ble encouragement of the formers ac|ceptation perfected and compleated the Di&s;cour&s;e, which I pre&s;ume and doubt not will give ample &s;atisfacti|on to the mo&s;t curious and inqui&s;itive Reader. There were &s;ome things in the former only mentioned, &s;ome things mi&s;repre&s;ented, &s;ome things wholly o|mitted; but the peru&s;al of this will rectifie all, whereby the equal Reader
<PB REF="6"> will perceive that it was not ordina|ry nor common labour to contrive the E&s;&s;entials of &s;o great a State, &s;o much di&s;tant from our knowledge, to every ea&s;ie apprehen&s;ion, and yet to have kept a decent reverence and re&s;pect to its Greatne&s;s.</P>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 TYPE="notice">
<HEAD>ADVERTISEMENT.</HEAD>
<P>Becau&s;e of a vulgar and mo&s;t ob|vious error concerning <HI>Mahomets</HI> Tomb, it is prefixed in the peice be|fore the Title, that it may be percei|ved, it is not &s;u&s;pended by vertue of a Load&s;tone in the Roof of the Temple, but is placed by the &s;ide thereof as Monuments with us u&s;ually are; As Dr. <HI>Heylin,</HI> Mr. <HI>Sandys,</HI> Sir <HI>Henry Blunt,</HI> Sir <HI>Walter Raleigh,</HI> and o|thers do agree.</P>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 TYPE="errata">
<HEAD>ERRATA.</HEAD>
<P>PAge 21. Line 20. for 1642. read 1462. page 54. the mention of the I&s;le of <HI>Rhodes</HI> ought to be referred to page 97.</P>
</DIV1>
</FRONT>
<BODY>
<DIV1 TYPE="text">
<PB N="1" REF="6">
<HEAD>THE SECOND PART OF THE NEW SURVEY OF THE Turki&s;h Empire.</HEAD>
<DIV2 N="1" TYPE="chapter">
<HEAD><HI>CHAP. I.</HI> The Extent and Dominion of this Empire.</HEAD>
<P><LABEL>The Pre|face.</LABEL><HI>_T&V;rky</HI> owes &s;o much to its barbarous power and greatne&s;s that it is al|mo&s;t bankrupt in its re|nown and glory, while the Chri|&s;tian world debar'd of any free and
<PB N="2" REF="7"> unjealou&s;ied conver&s;e, or wanting the advantage thereof by the rudene&s;s, ignorance, and va&s;t de|populations of the <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="MURP" EXTENT="1 letter">e&s;pective Pro|vinces of this &s;pacious Monarchy do conclude and gaze upon it as a Mon&s;ter, &s;preading and winding his pernicious bulk upon the face of <HI>Europe,</HI> more by a brute impul&s;e and &s;udden violent effort, then by the conduct and directions of true rea&s;on and policy, which by a ju&s;t and exact di&s;qui&s;ition of their atcheivements and conque&s;ts,<LABEL>Our Mi&s;|takes con|cerning Turki&s;h Govern|ment.</LABEL> will be found of the be&s;t extraction from the true&s;t refined wi&s;dom, and to reli&s;h of that pure and ge|nuine intellect, which in the free|born world is reported and credited to have de&s;cended upon, and ble&s;t this Tract and Regions, however our vicious and depraved &s;en&s;e, perplexed with the Matchivilian In|trigues of Government, doth fal&s;ly conceive of it as exotick &s;implicity, and of their Prowe&s;s as the forced re&s;ult of their Savage
<PB N="3" REF="7"> and ferally Rapinous di&s;po&s;iti|on.</P>
<P>Our purpo&s;e therefore is in de|&s;cribing of the dimen&s;ions of this large and ample Territory, to ob|&s;erve the manner and means of their augmentation, and Coalition into this entire and grand con&s;i|&s;tency, with a Chronology of each Provinces reduction to the <HI>Ottoman</HI> Scepter from under the Government of their former and natural Princes. The pre&s;ent Politiques, and Civil and Eccle&s;i|a&s;tical, Martial and Judiciary Admini&s;tration of this Potent and mo&s;t exten&s;ive Soverainty, its Magnificence, Pomp and Splen|dor, not interfering with what hath been &s;aid before, but in a di&s;tinct and orderly method, for perfect and plenary information of the Reader.</P>
<P>Nor will it therefore be nece&s;&s;ary to pry into tho&s;e lurking holes and abdite retreats of their de&s;picable and unob&s;erved Ance&s;try, &s;ince
<PB N="4" REF="8"> the di&s;paragement of their Origi|nals is rather the glory of their adult and mature e&s;tate and gran|deur, and concerns not their &s;tory or pre&s;ent condition, be&s;ides that it hath already been briefly, but &s;atisfactorily mentioned in the former part.</P>
<P><LABEL>The con|<GAP DESC="illegible" REASON="left margin cropped or obscured" RESP="MURP" EXTENT="1+ letters">enient <GAP DESC="illegible" REASON="left margin cropped or obscured" RESP="MURP" EXTENT="1+ letters">cite of <GAP DESC="illegible" REASON="left margin cropped or obscured" RESP="MURP" EXTENT="1+ letters">he Em|<GAP DESC="illegible" REASON="left margin cropped or obscured" RESP="MURP" EXTENT="1+ letters">ire.</LABEL>Con&s;idering this Dominion in general, there is nothing can be faulted in it which is requi&s;ite to the &s;upport of its grandeur. For its Scituation it is placed mo&s;t con|veniently for an univer&s;al or fifth Monarchy, being devided equally into <HI>Europe</HI> and <HI>A&s;ia,</HI> the very Center of the Earth, whereby he may be ready on all occa&s;ions to &s;tretch his Conque&s;t either way, and be quick and ready at hand with recruits and &s;upplies to carry on a war in either quarter. His Imperial City of <HI>Con&s;tantinople</HI> being the extreme&s;t limit of both Regions, officiou&s;ly attended and &s;erved by two Seas, the Euxine and the Mediterranean, which combine
<PB N="5" REF="8"> their waters by the walls of the Magnificent <HI>Seraglia,</HI> and do joyn in Homage to this mighty Lord and Ruler.</P>
<P><LABEL>His con|&s;tant po<GAP DESC="illegible" REASON="right margin cropped or obscured" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1+ letters">+cy in m<GAP DESC="illegible" REASON="right margin cropped or obscured" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1+ letters">+king wa<GAP DESC="illegible" REASON="right margin cropped or obscured" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1+ letters"></LABEL>He hath al&s;o large Territories in <HI>Affrick,</HI> and the Red Sea under his command in part, &s;o that of the habitable world he hath the bigge&s;t and faire&s;t proportion, and by that means may when his Am|bition &s;hall incite him extend his Arms and Dominions further, in any of the&s;e quarters, provided the Conque&s;t be worth the pur|cha&s;e, and his affairs at Home or the oppo&s;ite Regions will afford him opportunity, for it is to be noted the Grand Signior never makes War in two places together, nor long in one place, either fear|ing the contagions of his Enemies manners &s;hould &s;pread among his own people, which he carefully avoids, as the bane of his Tyranny, or el&s;e &s;u&s;pecting that his own deficiencies in the Art Military, or &s;ome other inconveniencies of his
<PB N="6" REF="9"> Souldiery may be notified to the Adver&s;ary by any continuance in their Country, ju&s;t like a Lyon and a Dragon fighting by in&s;ults or re&s;ults, taking and leaving as he plea&s;eth, &s;o that mo&s;t of his de|&s;ign and force &s;eems to lye in the inva&s;ion and intru&s;ive manage thereof; The French fury, and Turki&s;h incur&s;ion being equally terrible and as as &s;oon abated, un|le&s;s extraordinary Fortune and other concurrent advantages hold them longer in breath and pro|&s;ecution, which is much to be feared in this pre&s;ent juncture, and the condition of <HI>Hungary,</HI> from whence and the <HI>Europaean</HI> parts adjacent we will begin this Survey of this mighty Empire.</P>
<P><LABEL><GAP DESC="illegible" REASON="left margin cropped or obscured" RESP="MURP" EXTENT="1+ letters">clavonia <GAP DESC="illegible" REASON="left margin cropped or obscured" RESP="MURP" EXTENT="1+ letters">e&s;cribed.</LABEL>We will enter into that part which is neare&s;t to us, and leads in|to the body of his Dominions, <HI>Scla|vonia,</HI> divided now into &s;ix Provin|ces, bounded on the Ea&s;t with <HI>Ser|via, Macedonia</HI> and <HI>Epirus,</HI> from which they are parted by the river
<PB N="7" REF="9"> <HI>Drinus,</HI> and a line drawn from thence unto the <HI>Adriatick;</HI> on the We&s;t with <HI>Carniola</HI> in <HI>Germany</HI> and <HI>Hi&s;tria</HI> in the Seigniory of <HI>Venice,</HI> from which la&s;t they are divided by the River <HI>Ar&s;ia;</HI> on the North with <HI>Hungary;</HI> and on the South the <HI>Adriatick</HI> Sea, containing in length eight hundred <HI>Italian</HI> miles, (the breadth being 325) tho&s;e Provinces are, <HI>Windi&s;land, Croatia, Bo&s;nia, Dalmatia, Libur|nia</HI> or the County of <HI>Zara,</HI> and <HI>Sclav<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="MURP" EXTENT="1 letter">nian</HI> I&s;les.</P>
<P><LABEL><HI>Bo&s;nia</HI> de|&s;cribed.</LABEL>Of this Territory <HI>Bo&s;nia</HI> is wholly the <HI>Turks,</HI> it was united as a Kingdom unto <HI>Hungary,</HI> and under the Homage thereof a King|dom by it &s;elf in 1420, as is re|ported; but as it was a Kingdom of a latter date, &s;o was it of as &s;hort continuance, for in the year 1464. <HI>Mahomet</HI> the Great having taken <HI>Con&s;tantinople,</HI> and almo&s;t all the re&s;t of <HI>Greece,</HI> &s;uddenly &s;urpri&s;ed and &s;eized it, together with <HI>Stephen</HI> the la&s;t King there|of,
<PB N="8" REF="10"> he mo&s;t barbarou&s;ly command|ed him to be flead alive (whereby he terrified all other Pretenders) and then converted it to a Pro|vince of his Empire; thereafter, and yet governed by one of the principalle&s;t of his Ba&s;haws.</P>
<P><HI>DALMATIA;</HI> In this Province, though the <HI>Venetians</HI> have a &s;hare, yet it is a very incon&s;iderable one, yet it &s;tretches all North along the <HI>Adriatick</HI> Sea or Gulf of <HI>Ve|nice,</HI> (whereto they pretend a &s;ole dominion and Juri&s;diction) for they pay for the cu&s;toms of all trade and merchandize, a certain &s;tipend yearly to the <HI>Turk,</HI> with which engine it is thought they have for &s;o many ages held play with him being ever in danger of a rup|ture and war, but much again&s;t their wills and inclinations;<LABEL>The <HI>Gr<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">nd <GAP DESC="illegible" REASON="left margin cropped or obscured" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1+ letters">eignior</HI> <GAP DESC="illegible" REASON="left margin cropped or obscured" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1+ letters">rotector <GAP DESC="illegible" REASON="left margin cropped or obscured" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1+ letters">f the <GAP DESC="illegible" REASON="left margin cropped or obscured" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1+ letters">tate of <HI><GAP DESC="illegible" REASON="left margin cropped or obscured" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1+ letters">agu&s;a.</HI></LABEL> upon the &s;ame account the <HI>Great Turk</HI> is Protector of the little Common|wealth of <HI>Ragu&s;a,</HI> very rich for|merly by their Traffick upon the
<PB N="9" REF="10"> adjoyning Sea; without this pro|tection they had long ere now fal|len into the hands of the <HI>Veneti|ans,</HI> as on the other &s;ide they are pre&s;erved by the State of <HI>Venice</HI> from being a prey to their Pro|tector. So that it is the very paral|lel of the State of <HI>Geneva</HI> lying betwixt the Duke of <HI>Savoy,</HI> the <HI>French</HI> and <HI>Spaniard.</HI> This <HI>Ragu|&s;a,</HI> is the Maritime de&s;cent into <HI>Turkie.</HI></P>
<P><LABEL><HI>Bo&s;nia</HI> de|&s;cribed.</LABEL>The ISLES (&s;ome of which be|long to <HI>Ragu&s;a</HI>) as <HI>Curzola</HI> or <HI>Corcyra,</HI>X <HI>Zara</HI> and the re&s;t have been often ran&s;acked and pillaged by the Turks, but never po&s;&s;e&s;|&s;ed by them, as not caring for &s;uch remote and dangerous Tenures, being placed in a boy&s;terous and de&s;tructive Sea.</P>
<P><LABEL>County of <HI>Zara.</HI></LABEL>In the County of ZARA the <HI>Turk</HI> hath a good part, as he hath firm footing in <HI>Windi&s;chland,</HI> the parts whereof lying much to <HI>Hun|gary</HI> on the North and Ea&s;t, do groan under the Bondage of the
<PB N="10" REF="11"> <HI>Turki&s;h Garri&s;ons,</HI> &s;ome whereof are al&s;o placed in <HI>Croatia,</HI> where the <HI>Turk</HI> in 1592. took <HI>Whitiz</HI> the Metropolis, though fortified &s;trongly both by Art and Nature in the form of an &s;land by the ri|ver <HI>&V;na,</HI> when contrary to the Articles of &s;urrender, he put all the Souldiers immediately to the &s;word. Now for better elucidati|on of the <HI>Turks</HI> part in the whole we will &s;um it up in this partiti|on:</P>
<P><LABEL>The whole apportio|ned.</LABEL>The <HI>Venetians</HI> po&s;&s;e&s;s the great|e&s;t part of the I&s;lands, and all the Sea coa&s;ts from the River <HI>Ari&s;ia</HI> to the Bay of <HI>Cattharo</HI> (the City and Commonwealth of <HI>Ragu&s;a</HI> only excepted; the Hou&s;e of <HI>Au|&s;tria,</HI> as Kings of <HI>Hungary,</HI> the Inland parts of <HI>Windi&s;chland</HI> and <HI>Croatia;</HI> and the <HI>Turks</HI> who &s;et footing herein the reign of Maho|met the Great, the whole King|dom of <HI>Bo&s;nia,</HI> the patronage of <HI>Ragu&s;ia,</HI> &s;ome Towns in <HI>Windi&s;ch|land</HI> and <HI>Cr<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="MURP" EXTENT="1 letter">atia,</HI> and all the re&s;i|due
<PB N="11" REF="11"> of <HI>Dalmatia,</HI> from the Bay of <HI>Cattaro</HI> to <HI>Albania,</HI> &s;o that he hath the better half of this Region of <HI>Sclavonia.</HI></P>
<P><LABEL>Hungary:</LABEL>In <HI>H&V;NGARY</HI> it &s;elf, by the Victories of <HI>Solyman</HI> the Magnifi|cent, who (upon the death of <HI>Lewis</HI> the Second, King of <HI>Hunga|ry,</HI> that lo&s;t unfortunately the Battel of <HI>Mohatz,</HI> and was drowned in his flight) was called in by <HI>John Sepu&s;io Vayvod</HI> of <HI>Tran&s;ilva|nia,</HI> cho&s;en King by election of the States of <HI>Hungary,</HI> again&s;t the he|reditary claim of <HI>Ferdinand</HI> Arch Duke of <HI>A&s;tria, &amp;c.</HI> &s;uch advan|tage was made in the di&s;&s;ention be|twixt the two rival Kings, that upon the death of <HI>John Sepu&s;io</HI> in 1540. that under color of Patronage to <HI>Stephen Johns</HI> Orphan whom he took into his own tuition, and af|terwards deprived (having delibe|rated to put him to death) he &s;eized <HI>Buda</HI> the Capital City, with other Towns, and from that time his
<PB N="12" REF="12"> &s;ucce&s;&s;ors, but e&s;pecially him&s;elf, have never omitted any occa&s;ions or advantages of the Chri&s;tian quarrels to enlarge their domini|ons in this Kingdom, which &s;ame de&s;ign this &s;ucce&s;&s;eful pre&s;ent Em|peror hath &s;o far pro&s;ecuted, that there remains not to the Emperor above four places of Note and &s;trength in that Kingdom, which are <HI>Raab, Comorra, Toskay</HI> and <HI>Presburgh,</HI> the la&s;t confining upon <HI>Au&s;tria</HI> it &s;elf, while the whole Country, Towns and Villages, even beyond the limits of that Realm are &s;ubjected to, and lye open to this barbarous enemy.</P>
<P><LABEL>The pre|&s;ent con|dition thereof.</LABEL>So that mo&s;t men conclude, <HI>Actum e&s;t de Hungaria,</HI> and give it over as a Province of the Turki&s;h Empire, to which it was in as for|ward a condition after the battel of <HI>Kere&s;ture</HI> in 1578. when <HI>Mahomet</HI> the third took in <HI>Agria,</HI> and making advantage of the <HI>Luthe|ran</HI> innovation in <HI>Germany,</HI> which then divided the Princes thereof,
<PB N="13" REF="12">
<LABEL>Battel of <HI>Kere&s;ture</HI></LABEL> had &s;wallowed the Conque&s;t, but was &s;o near an utter overthrow him&s;elf, being forced to for&s;ake the field in a mo&s;t di&s;orderly frightful fight, in which with ha&s;t he lo&s;t his Turbant, that had not the Chri&s;tians out of greedine&s;s of Plunder and Spoil, left the pur&s;uit &s;carce begun, to rifle the Camp, which gave the Turks time and courage to rally again, <HI>Maho|met</HI> had hardly recovered <HI>Con|&s;tantinople:</HI> But by rea&s;on of this di&s;a&s;trous covetou&s;ne&s;s the fortune of the battel was quite changed, with &s;uch a diver&s;ity, that as Dr. <HI>Heylin</HI> elegantly ob&s;erveth, the <HI>Conquerours were beaten out of the field, and the vanqui&s;hed ran away with the victory.</HI></P>
<P><LABEL>Belgrade.</LABEL>Among other po&s;&s;e&s;&s;ions of the Turks in <HI>Hungary,</HI> before we depart thence, <HI>Belgrade</HI> anciently called <HI>Taurunum,</HI> or <HI>Alba Greca,</HI> once the po&s;&s;e&s;&s;ion of the De&s;pots of <HI>Servia,</HI> by whom it was con&s;igned to <HI>Sigi&s;mond</HI> King of <HI>Hungary,</HI> as
<PB N="14" REF="13"> the be&s;t able to maintain it, de|&s;erves our ob&s;ervation: it is &s;eated upon the confluence of the <HI>Savus</HI> and <HI>Danow,</HI> by the former of which it is hemmed in on the <HI>North</HI> and on the <HI>Ea&s;t</HI> by the latter, it was heretofore the great Bulwark of <HI>Chri&s;tendom</HI> again&s;t the Turks, who were often times wor&s;ted and defeated before it (e&s;pecially <HI>Amu|rath</HI> the Second and <HI>Mahomet</HI> the Great) but at la&s;t taken to the &s;hame of Chri&s;tendom for not &s;uccouring the be&s;eiged in time, by <HI>Solyman</HI> the Magnificent in the year 1552. not to mention &s;ome other principal places be&s;ides the&s;e named, as <HI>Gran</HI> or <HI>Strigonium,</HI> at the taking whereof by the Em|peror <HI>Rodolph,</HI> in the year 1595. <LABEL><GAP DESC="illegible" REASON="left margin cropped or obscured" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 span">. Arun|<GAP DESC="illegible" REASON="left margin cropped or obscured" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1+ letters">el <HI>of</HI> Wardour.</LABEL> Sir <HI>Thomas Arundel</HI> of <HI>Wardour</HI> for forcing the water Tower, and bringing thence a Turki&s;h Banner, was made a Count of the Empire, and after Lord <HI>Wardour</HI> of <HI>Arundel</HI> by King <HI>James, Alba Regalis, Quinque Eccle&s;io, Zigeth, Teme&s;|war,
<PB N="15" REF="13"> Pe&s;t Colocza</HI> an Arch-bi&s;hops &s;ee, &amp;c. and now <HI>Newhau&s;el</HI> and <HI>Novigrad.</HI></P>
<P><LABEL>Dacia.</LABEL>In <HI>DACIA,</HI> the Ea&s;tern bound of <HI>Hungary,</HI> he is ab&s;olute Lord and Ma&s;ter. In this Region are contained the Provinces of <HI>Tran&s;yl|vania, Moldavia, Valachia, Ra&s;cia, Servia</HI> and <HI>Bulgaria,</HI> the four fir&s;t in old <HI>Ducia</HI> North of the <HI>Danow,</HI> the two la&s;t in the new on the South &s;ide thereof.</P>
<P><LABEL>Tran&s;ilva+nia.</LABEL><HI>Tran&s;ylvania</HI> bounded on the Ea&s;t with <HI>Moldavia,</HI> on the We&s;t with <HI>&V;pper Hungary,</HI> on the North with <HI>Ru&s;&s;ia Nigra,</HI> on the South with <HI>Ra&s;cia</HI> and <HI>Valachia,</HI> hath its name from the great Woods lying between it and <HI>Hungary.</HI> This peo|ple is divided into &s;even Cantons, keeping their own laws, fatally and in&s;en&s;ibly betrayed to the Turki&s;h yoak, by <HI>John Sepu&s;io</HI> the Son of <HI>Stephen,</HI> Vayvod of <HI>Tran&s;ilvania</HI> (which was the title in u&s;e before <HI>Sigi&s;mund Battori,</HI> who &s;tiled him|&s;elf
<PB N="16" REF="14"> Prince) who as afore&s;aid called in <HI>Solyman:</HI> his Infant Son <HI>Stephen</HI> was afterwards by him made Vay|vod of <HI>Tran&s;ilvania,</HI> a fine recom|pence for his Fathers kindne&s;s for the Turk: &s;ince which time the Grand Signor clayms the Inve&s;ti|ture of the Provinces hereof, and a yearly Tribute, be&s;ides their initiating Bribes and Pre&s;ents: <LABEL>The re|<GAP DESC="illegible" REASON="left margin cropped or obscured" RESP="MURP" EXTENT="1+ letters">olt of <HI><GAP DESC="illegible" REASON="left margin cropped or obscured" RESP="MURP" EXTENT="1+ letters">ran&s;<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="MURP" EXTENT="1 letter">lva|<GAP DESC="illegible" REASON="left margin cropped or obscured" RESP="MURP" EXTENT="1+ letters">ia.</HI></LABEL> many revolts have been attempted, but none &s;o &s;ignal as fir&s;t, that of <HI>Sigi&s;mond Battori,</HI> who defeated &s;everal Turki&s;h Armies, and &s;hook off the Turki&s;h yoke with &s;corn and indignation, but his &s;uc|ce&s;&s;ors have been forced to accept of it again, and their Subjects con|tented to pay the Tribute, for which they enjoy their National Laws and Liberties of Religion. Secondly that of <HI>Ragotzi</HI> in 1659. and 1660. who was likewi&s;e very &s;ucce&s;&s;eful again&s;t the forces of this pre&s;ent <HI>Sultan,</HI> but he being woun|ded in his la&s;t conflict with them, was carried to <HI>Varadin,</HI> where he
<PB N="17" REF="14"> ended his life, much honoured and lamented by his Subjects. <LABEL><HI>Ragotzi</HI> dieth.</LABEL> <HI>Va|radin</HI> which is one of the &s;tronge&s;t peices of this Country, but Gar|ri&s;on'd by <HI>Hungarians,</HI> was &s;oon af|ter taken by the Vi&s;ier Ba&s;&s;a, and the pro&s;ecution of the war into <HI>Hungary</HI> from this Pique hence undertaken, as from a neer view of tho&s;e troubles and dangers which threatened the Empire of <HI>Germany</HI> on the other &s;ide. The pre&s;ent Prince of this Country <HI>Michael Apaffi,</HI> is wholly at the Devotion of the Turk, and is re|ciprocally care&s;&s;ed by them, but how long the kindne&s;s will la&s;t, the <HI>German</HI> war will &s;oon determine: the <HI>Tran&s;ilvanians</HI> are mo&s;t part of them <HI>Calvini&s;ts.</HI></P>
<P><LABEL><HI>Moldavia</HI> de&s;cribed.</LABEL><HI>MOLDAVIA</HI> is bounded on the <HI>Ea&s;t</HI> with the Sea, on the <HI>We&s;t</HI> with <HI>Tran&s;ylvania,</HI> on the <HI>North</HI> with the River <HI>Nie&s;ter</HI> and <HI>Podolia</HI> a part of <HI>Poland,</HI> and on the <HI>South</HI> with <HI>Walachia,</HI> it is a
<PB N="19" REF="15"> fruitful Country, but very thin of people, by rea&s;on of tho&s;e depopulations made by <HI>Turks, Tartars,</HI> and <HI>Co&s;&s;acks,</HI> never|thele&s;s it &s;upplies <HI>Con&s;tantinople</HI> with five hundred Ships laden yearly wish provi&s;ion for <HI>Con&s;tan|tinople,</HI> it is in diameter every way three hundred miles, they beleive with the Greek Church, and are tolerated therein like other Cri&s;ti|ans in the &s;ame condition. Their Vayvod is a Tributary and Benefi|ciary of the Grand Seignior, and is placed and di&s;placed as he plea|&s;eth, but he that gives mo&s;t com|monly now adays is honoured with the Dignity. The eminente&s;t of their Princes &s;ub&s;tituted in this manner have been <HI>John</HI> the Vay|vod about 1570. who gave a terri|ble overthrow to the Turks a&s;&s;i&s;ted by <HI>Peter</HI> the Vayvod of <HI>Valachia,</HI> who had bought, and now fought for the po&s;&s;e&s;&s;ion of the Vayvod-&s;hip, but was at la&s;t perfideou&s;ly murthered by the
<PB N="20" REF="15"> Turks 1574. <LABEL>The vari|ous at|tempts of the Molda|vians to recover their Li|berty.</LABEL> when <HI>Moldavia</HI> &s;ub|mitted to them, but was again wre&s;ted from them forcibly by <HI>Aaron</HI> the Vayvode, confederate with <HI>Sigi&s;mond</HI> Prince of <HI>Tran&s;ilva|nia,</HI> whom them&s;elves had placed, who being al&s;o again deve&s;ted, and betrayed by <HI>Ro&s;wan</HI> one of his di&s;loyal and ambitious Subjects, <HI>Moldavid</HI> &s;heltred it &s;elf under to the tuition of the <HI>Polanders,</HI> who have &s;ince placed &s;ome Vay|vods, but to their perpetual lo&s;s and trouble, and then of <HI>Rodol|phus</HI> the Emperor, but at la&s;t again it reverted to the Turk, who raged there in the year 1622. when young <HI>O&s;man</HI> was Emperour, &s;ince which time the Vayvods have lived with good corre&s;pondence with the Port, and now attend this expe|dition of the Grand Seignor into <HI>Germany;</HI> but though they are ab|&s;olute Va&s;&s;als, yet is not their Country quite conquered, or &s;o much as marched over or through|ly traver&s;ed by tho&s;e Infidels.</P>
<PB N="20" REF="16">
<P><LABEL><HI>Valachia</HI> de&s;cribed.</LABEL><HI>VALACHIA</HI> is the next Pro|vince, once one and the &s;ame with <HI>Moldaevia,</HI> but by a modern di|&s;tinction defined and divided from it by the name of <HI>Tran&s;alpina,</HI> a ridge of Mountains cro&s;&s;ing both Countries; they follow the Greek Church, and obey the Patriarch of <HI>Con&s;tantinople,</HI> whom tho&s;e Chri&s;tian parts of the world ac|knowledge as &s;upreme: but as their Neighbours are ignorant of all letters, and &s;o the fitter for the Mahumetan Impo&s;itions.</P>
<P>It is in length five hundred, in breadth a hundred and twenty miles, and very plentiful of all things, the Store-hou&s;e with the other adjacent Provinces of penu|rious <HI>A&s;ia,</HI> and gives credit and reputation as it borrows its ferti|lity, to the River <HI>I&s;ter,</HI> which in its confines, and by the confluence of other Rivers into the <HI>Danow,</HI> is here &s;o called. The people hereof were governed by Vayvods
<PB N="21" REF="16"> of their own, till the Turks inva|&s;ion made them &s;eek for the King of <HI>Hungaries</HI> protection, to who&s;e often and very great di&s;comfitures they have been highly in&s;trumen|tal, but with various fortune, from the time of <HI>Bajazet</HI> the fir&s;t, who vanqui&s;hed their Prince, and was him&s;elf caged by <HI>Tamberlane,</HI> un|till this la&s;t age.</P>
<P><LABEL><HI>Mahomets</HI> Policy.</LABEL> It afterwards was re&s;igned into the &s;everal vicine Princes, as the nece&s;&s;ity and occa&s;ion of war ad|vi&s;ed, &s;till &s;tubborn again&s;t the Turki&s;h yoke, while the prevail|ing fortune thereof made all the Territory about them to undergoe it; yet with a great deal le&s;s of &s;lavery then the re&s;t; For <HI>Maho|met</HI> the great in the year 1642. very un&s;ucce&s;sfully undertaking the entire conque&s;t of this Coun|try, wherein he found more Rocks, Mountains, and precipices then humane defence, prudently declining any further attempt, by the more de&s;tructive mines of
<PB N="22" REF="17"> Empire, hurled the &s;tate thereof in to a Convul&s;ive and di&s;tracted Ruine, by the inte&s;tine Divi&s;ions of the two Brothers, <HI>Wladus</HI> the Prince, and <HI>Dracula</HI> his younger brother, who&s;e intere&s;t he &s;et up and a&s;&s;i&s;ted to their common de|&s;truction.</P>
<P>By which means and his Auxili|arys re&s;idence there. He was not to be di&s;puted with longer, and thereupon was acknowledged the Lord of the Principality under certain limitations and re&s;trictions to his &s;upreme power, which the neerne&s;s of a continual ayd from the Chri&s;tian world adjoyning thereunto induced him to allow. We have &s;poken of <HI>Michael</HI> the Noble Vayvod thereof in 1659. who had in all probobility by his &s;ingular valour and genero&s;ity freed this warlike Nation from their dependance on this Tyrant, and &s;hould mention the like bra|very of their late Vayvod in con|junction with <HI>Regotski,</HI> but the
<PB N="23" REF="17"> urgent Fate of the Empire would not not have tho&s;e petit &s;truglings to bear any part in her general calamity; yea, hath &s;uffered tho&s;e puny and indifferent limbs of Chri&s;tianity to be mon&s;trou&s;ly turned into Arms again&s;t her, and to a&s;&s;i&s;t the barbarous violences that now oppre&s;s and ravage the <HI>Au&s;trian</HI> Dominions, <LABEL>Moldavia a very ex|pen&s;ive conque&s;t.</LABEL> yet have the Turks got nothing in this conque&s;t but a &s;afe Retreat, which hath co&s;t them five times the money they will ever make of it, were it not that there a&s;&s;urances of our divi&s;i|ons will one day quit their ex|pence, as otherwi&s;e, which God for his mercy vouch&s;afe, it is now and may prove to be able to pay his &s;core, if once he turns his back to the face of a competent and couragious Chri&s;tian Army.</P>
<P><LABEL>Ra&s;cia.</LABEL> <HI>RASCIA</HI> is bounded on the <HI>Ea&s;t</HI> with <HI>Valachia,</HI> on the <HI>We&s;t</HI> with <HI>Hungaria,</HI> on the <HI>North</HI> with <HI>Tran&s;ilvania,</HI> on the <HI>South</HI> with
<PB N="44" REF="18"> the River <HI>Danow,</HI> and on the <HI>Ea&s;t</HI> divided from <HI>Valaohia,</HI> by the Ri|ver <HI>Aluta.</HI> The people hereof are &s;o wretched that they have lo&s;t their very name, not a Gentleman &s;urviving this depre&s;&s;ion, they have been linked into the Government of their Neighbours, but now &s;carce know any body but their Tyrannical Ma&s;ters, to whom they do excellent &s;ervice, when this natural courage which like Brutes they retain, is emulou&s;ly provoked by other more barbarous Nati|ons.<LABEL>Unju&s;t &amp; indi&s;creet ambition de&s;erved+ly puni&s;h|ed.</LABEL> By their union with <HI>Servia</HI> they ta&s;ted of the &s;ame fortune, and were &s;ubjugated by the glori|ous <HI>Amurath</HI> the &s;econd, at the time that tho&s;e <HI>De&s;pots</HI> (who had unju&s;tly vanqui&s;hed this people) were captivated them&s;elves. Fate &s;hewing herein, how de&s;perate a folly it is for Princes or (to de&s;cend to) private men, to undertake any unju&s;t, though advantageous de|&s;ign upon another, while there is a Superior Enemy thereby invi|ted
<PB N="25" REF="18"> to the umpirage of the quarrel. The&s;e <HI>Ra&s;cians</HI> do yet &s;o retain their primitive hatred again&s;t the Turks, that upon all occa&s;ions they have been ready to wreak them&s;elves, but to very little pur|po&s;e, more then to &s;how their more noble extract and ance&s;try.</P>
<P>The three Provinces mentioned before <HI>Ra&s;cia,</HI> do and have enjoy|ed more liberty then any people under the Turki&s;h Dominions, be|cau&s;e fir&s;t the Turk hath not Co|lonies to plant them, being not &s;o numerous as his Armys &s;peak him for all his <HI>Polygamy,</HI> and &s;econdly becau&s;e their often overthrows (as they have infeebled their Na|tives, and in their long re&s;i&s;tance de&s;olated the Country, &s;o that a man cannot find an Inn or Har|bour in a days riding) have di&s;|heartn'd an expedition on purpo&s;e, <HI>Mahomet</HI> the Great, who fir&s;t at|tempted them, &s;aying in great an|ger that he came not to fight with Bea&s;ts, or which was more unequal
<PB N="26" REF="19"> again&s;t Nature it &s;elf, who had by &s;o many abrupt or uncouth ways hindred the progre&s;s of his mo&s;t indu&s;trious and eager Ambition, which his &s;ucce&s;&s;ors notwith&s;tan|ding from that kind of precarious Soverainty have improved into an awful &s;ubmi&s;&s;ion, and addre&s;s to the Port with two hundred thou|&s;and Chequins yearly, which makes &s;ome 45. thou&s;and pound &s;terling be&s;ides the Fees and Pre&s;ents of the re&s;pective Princes. But what their condition is now like to be, the event of this pre&s;ent enter|pri&s;e will be&s;t declare, but as now they are not fit for, or el&s;e not worth his fury, onely mi&s;erable <HI>Ra&s;cia,</HI> not honoured with a Go|vernour, &s;uffers all extremity. And &s;o we mu&s;t pa&s;s the <HI>Danow</HI> to its Southern &s;hore, the two King|domes, or de&s;potical Provinces of <HI>SERVIA</HI> and <HI>B&V;LGA|RIA.</HI></P>
<P><LABEL><HI>Servia</HI> &s;ur|veyed.</LABEL><PB N="27" REF="19"><HI>SERVIA</HI> is bounded on the <HI>Ea&s;t</HI> with <HI>Bulgaria,</HI> on the <HI>We&s;t</HI> with <HI>Bo&s;nia,</HI> on the <HI>North</HI> with the <HI>Danubius,</HI> on the <HI>South</HI> with <HI>Albania</HI> and part of <HI>Macedon,</HI> a rich and fruitful country for grain and gain, concealed in the repo&s;i|tories of &s;everal mines of Gold and Silver, and therefore much peopled by the Turks after their general Exci&s;ion and Ma&s;&s;acre (in a manner) of the Chri&s;tian Inhabi|tants by <HI>Amurath</HI> in the year 1367. <LABEL>Mahomet the great &s;eizeth it.</LABEL> when he took <HI>Ni&s;&s;a</HI> their Capital City, and Key of the Country, in revenge of their De&s;pots a&s;&s;i&s;ting the <HI>Hungarians</HI> in the &s;iege of <HI>Adrianople,</HI> but after the death of <HI>Lazarus</HI> the la&s;t De&s;pot, <HI>Mahomet</HI> the Great not &s;atisfied with a Tribute which <HI>Amurath</HI> had impo|&s;ed, di&s;po&s;&s;e&s;&s;ed his three Orphans <HI>Peter, John,</HI> and <HI>Martyn</HI> (who fled to the <HI>Hungarian</HI> protection) in title of <HI>Lazarus</HI> s two other brothers who craved his a&s;&s;i&s;tance,
<PB N="28" REF="20"> and thereby with dread and Ter|ror de&s;troyed mo&s;t of the Natives, by empaling, gaunching, fleaing, and all other devices of Torture, &s;o that he quickly tamed their cou|rage, and made them the &s;econd province of the Ea&s;tern, or Greek Europe, that acknowledged and humbled it &s;elf to his Conque&s;t and Dominion, in the year 1460.</P>
<P><LABEL><HI>Bulgaria</HI> di&s;cribed.</LABEL> <HI>B&V;LGARIA</HI> is bounded on the Ea&s;t with the <HI>Euxine</HI> Sea, We&s;t with <HI>Servia,</HI> on the North with the Ri|ver <HI>Danow,</HI> which is here called <HI>I&s;ter,</HI> and on the South with <HI>Thrace.</HI> It was governed by Kings till <HI>Amu|rath</HI> the fir&s;t reduced it by his Arms, (and the abject &s;ubmi&s;&s;ion of <HI>Sa&s;|menos</HI> the la&s;t Prince, who hum|bled him&s;elf in a winding &s;heet before that Tyrant in 1369.) after by <HI>Bajazet</HI> his Son, not con|tent therewith, made a Province under the ab&s;olute Government of the Turks; who in <HI>Nicopolis,
<PB N="29" REF="20"> Sophia</HI> and <HI>Sili&s;tria</HI> have three San|jacks, or Major Generals under the command of the <HI>Beglerbeg,</HI> or Viceroy of <HI>Greece.</HI></P>
<P>It is a mountainous and woody Country, the Plains thereof being thick Planted with tall Tree, &s;o that it furni&s;heth <HI>Con&s;tantinople</HI> with fewel, and is a good defence again&s;t any &s;udden irruptions into the more inward part of <HI>Romania;</HI> famous for the many Battels fought herein by <HI>Trajan</HI> the Em|peror, who built <HI>Nicopolis,</HI> inter|preted <HI>The City of Victory,</HI> in me|mory of his Conque&s;t of <HI>Dacia,</HI> and by modern Potentates, <HI>Sigi&s;|mond</HI> Emperor and <HI>Bajazet</HI> the fir&s;t which was fatal to the Chri&s;tians, and <HI>Michael</HI> the brave Vayvod of <HI>Valachia</HI> again&s;t <HI>Mahomet</HI> the third as calamitous and de&s;tructive to the Turks. Not to mention the plains of <HI>Co&s;&s;ova,</HI> where <HI>Miles Co|belitz,</HI> a private Souldier ri&s;ing from among the dead, &s;lew <HI>Amu|rath</HI> the fir&s;t: and for that three
<PB N="30" REF="21"> days incounter betwixt <HI>Huniades</HI> and <HI>Amurath</HI> the &s;econd, both of them with the adver&s;e&s;t fortune that Chri&s;tians ever fought with; which is to this day alledged as an argument again&s;t any Inva&s;ion up|on the Mahumetan Territory, how fondly, the encroachments of that enemy &s;o many miles upon Chri|&s;tian ground doth &s;adly evince.</P>
<P>And &s;o we have fini&s;hed the &s;urvey of <HI>Dacia,</HI> &s;ometimes po&s;|&s;e&s;&s;ed by the <HI>Romans,</HI> afterwards by the <HI>Seythians,</HI> then by the <HI>Greek</HI> Emperors, and la&s;tly &s;wallowed by the Turks, who keep it &s;o fet|tered, that it will hardly know another Ma&s;ter.</P>
<P><LABEL>Mount <HI>Haemus.</HI></LABEL>Our next a&s;pect tends towards <HI>Grecia;</HI> but in our way thither we mu&s;t pa&s;s over Mount <HI>Haemus,</HI> &s;o high and open to the weather, that it is &s;aid of it, that for eight months in the year it is always cold, for the other four winter. There are but two pa&s;&s;es, and tho&s;e thought &s;o impregnable by
<PB N="31" REF="21"> their abruptne&s;s, that with little de&s;ence they are the invincible &s;ecu|rity of the Turki&s;h Dominion on the other &s;ide, as <HI>Huniades</HI> in his expedition to the &s;eige of <HI>Hadrianople</HI> &s;adly experimented; but our Survey &s;hall have leave and licen&s;e to de&s;cend.</P>
<P><LABEL>Graecia.</LABEL> <HI>GRECIA</HI> thus entertains our &s;ight, which from the glorious and mo&s;t noble &s;tructure of Empire, in the third univer&s;al Monarchy, a bridged afterwards by civil Fate, and the unwilling di&s;re&s;pect of time, into the Empire of the <HI>Ea&s;t,</HI> is crept into mo&s;t petty and de&s;pi|&s;ed Cantons of this barbarous Sig|niory, cut out and partitioned un|der the commands of &s;everal infe|riors, but mo&s;t cruel Governors, all &s;ubjected to the Beglerbeg of <HI>Romania,</HI> &s;o called by us, but by them <HI>Rum Ili.</HI></P>
<P>In the pre&s;ent Latitude &amp; extent thereof it is bounded on the <HI>Ea&s;t</HI> with the <HI>Propontick, Helle&s;pont,</HI> and
<PB N="32" REF="22"> <HI>Aegean</HI> Seas, on the <HI>We&s;t</HI> with the <HI>Adriatick,</HI> on the <HI>North</HI> with Mount <HI>Haemus,</HI> which parteth it from <HI>Bulgaria, Servia,</HI> and part of <HI>Illy|rium,</HI> on the <HI>South</HI> with the Sea <HI>Jonian,</HI> &s;o that it is in a manner a Penin&s;ula or Demy I&s;land, environ'd on three &s;ides by the &s;ea, and on the fourth with the re&s;t of Europe.</P>
<P>To give precedency to Chri&s;tia|nity in the brief de&s;cription of this Region, it will be &s;atisfactory to give a little account of the Greek Church, (before-hand) in this part. The Patriarch of <HI>Con&s;tantinople,</HI> who was reckoned the la&s;t in order &amp; dignity, is now notwith&s;tanding the principal &amp; chief of all, in point of latitude and power, which hath engro&s;&s;ed the mo&s;t concerning af|fairs of the Church to it &s;elf, for he pre&s;ides over all <HI>Greece, Ru&s;&s;ia, Dacia, Sclavonia,</HI> part of <HI>Poland,</HI> and all the I&s;lands in the <HI>Adratique</HI> adjacent Seas, which extent of juri&s;diction confined at fir&s;t within <HI>Thrace,</HI> was acquired
<PB N="33" REF="22"> by the reputation of the Imperial City for his See, and the diligence and piety of their Bi&s;hops in con|ver&s;ing and &s;upplying the <HI>Ru&s;&s;es</HI> and other Nations with Pa&s;tors and Mini&s;ters in &s;uch parts, which being conquered by the Turk, were for&s;aken by their Clergy, but &s;uch is the poor and de&s;pi&s;ed condition thereof, that there is little power of Chri&s;tian Religi|on. And though it be enlarged in the outward Members it is much impaired at home, by the Tyranny of the Turks (who educate their Children in Mahumetani&s;me) on the one hand, and the Temp|tations of preferment unto Apo&s;tacy in the other, yet there are twenty Churches of them in <HI>Con&s;tantinople,</HI> and at <HI>Salonica,</HI> formerly <HI>The&s;&s;alonica</HI> thirty, which freely enjoy the profe&s;&s;ion of their faith.</P>
<P>To return to <HI>Greece</HI> thus Tur|kified, it will be an unnece&s;&s;ary in&s;ignificant labour to trouble the
<PB N="34" REF="23"> Reader with tho&s;e &s;everal names, and particular numerous Govern|ments thereof in former ages, when it produced the mo&s;t martial and learned men, who&s;e Gho&s;ts would wi&s;h for annihilation at &s;ight of the di&s;grace and ignominy of this their wretched po&s;terity, we pa&s;s over the particular Dominions of old <HI>Sicyon,</HI> of <HI>Eli, Me&s;&s;enia, Sparta, Athens,</HI> now called <HI>Seli|na</HI> (and is but an ordinary Bur|rough taken by <HI>Mahomet</HI> the great in 1440. when &s;ome beauty of it remained,) and in a general man|ner, &s;ince all limits of them are confounded in this barbarous &s;ub|jection under the Grand Signior, and &s;peak of tho&s;e more noted places thereof, as they now pa&s;s under the name of <HI>Romania</HI> and are, Governed by one Viceroy as their &s;upreme commander, ter|med Beglerbeg, of whom before a little; The next temporal Digni|ty in this Empire to the Prime or Grand Vi&s;ier, as commanding
<PB N="35" REF="23"> the &s;trength and flower thereof, as to its Martial and military Pu|i&s;&s;ance.</P>
<P><LABEL>The de|&s;criPtion of <HI>Roma|nia.</HI></LABEL> <HI>T&V;RKEY ROMANIA.</HI> And now that we have for brevities &s;ake run over the We&s;tern Provin|ces of this mighty, rich, and dread|ful Potentate, we will in &s;ome &s;ort relate to the plea&s;ure of the Rea|der, many the particulars of tho&s;e good and ancient regions which at this day this <HI>Saraeenical</HI> Nation termeth by the name of <HI>Romania,</HI> &s;o called, either for the many <HI>Roman</HI> Colonies planted there, or for the former name of <HI>Con&s;tanti|nople</HI> called <HI>Nova Roma.</HI></P>
<P>This <HI>Romania</HI> at this day is the mo&s;t populous and delecta|ble&s;t part of the Turki&s;h Em|pire, and containeth the Pro|vinces of <HI>Thrace,</HI> with it's <HI>Cher&s;o|ne&s;e,</HI> vulgarly the &s;traight of <HI>Calli|polis, Macedon, Epire</HI> now <HI>Alba|nia, Achaia</HI> now <HI>Livadia, P<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="MURP" EXTENT="1 letter">lopo|ne&s;us</HI> now <HI>Morea,</HI> and the I&s;land of the <HI>Archipelago.</HI></P>
<PB N="36" REF="24">
<P><LABEL>The Vi|ci&s;&s;itudes of the Grecian Govern|ment.</LABEL> Until the coming of <HI>Cyrus</HI> King of <HI>Per&s;ia</HI> the&s;e Provinces remain|ed in freedom, but of all others he fir&s;t gave them the yoke of &s;ubjection. After him <HI>Xerxes</HI> the Son of <HI>Darius,</HI> with the &s;ucced|ing Princes of <HI>Per&s;ia</HI> did no le&s;s afflict them. When their turn was pa&s;t, <HI>Philip</HI> King of <HI>Macedon</HI> acted his part, and united them under his own Dominion, until the days of <HI>Per&s;eus,</HI> whom the <HI>Romans</HI> &s;ubdued and &s;ubjected. But the <HI>Roman</HI> Empire being di|vided into the <HI>Ea&s;t</HI> and <HI>We&s;t,</HI> the <HI>Graecians</HI> began their Empire un|der <HI>Con&s;tantine</HI> the Great, and Ruled honourably many ages, until the di&s;cent, fir&s;t of the <HI>Goths,</HI> &s;econdly of the <HI>Bulgares,</HI> thirdly of the <HI>Saracens,</HI> and la&s;tly of the <HI>Turks,</HI> who &s;lew their Emperor; and &s;eized on the Em|pire. Who at this day (except &s;ome relicks remaining under the <HI>Venetian</HI> Dominions,) po&s;&s;e&s;s the greate&s;t part thereof, as well
<PB N="37" REF="24"> upon the continent as in the I&s;lands. <LABEL>The Con|dition of the <HI>Greeks</HI></LABEL> Tho&s;e that are under the <HI>Venetian</HI> juri&s;diction (&s;aith <HI>Bellonius</HI>) little differ, e&s;pecially in Religion, from tho&s;e that are tri|butary to the Turk: for both &s;orts being mingled, tho&s;e that are &s;ubject to the <HI>Turks,</HI> live like <HI>Turks;</HI> and tho&s;e that live under the <HI>Venetians,</HI> do as do the <HI>Ve|netians.</HI> So un&s;peakable is the rudene&s;s of either, that through all their Cities you &s;hall not find a School to in&s;truct their youth. Promi&s;cuou&s;ly all &s;peak the Greek tongue corrupted from the ancient, but &s;ome better then others. The <HI>Burghers,</HI> &s;ubject to the <HI>Italians,</HI> &s;peak <HI>Italian</HI> as well as <HI>Greek,</HI> but the <HI>Villageois</HI> alto|gether <HI>Greek.</HI> And &s;o the <HI>Graeci|ans,</HI> which are &s;ubject to the <HI>Turk,</HI> in Cities &s;peak <HI>Turki&s;h</HI> and <HI>Greek,</HI> the <HI>Villageois</HI> onely <HI>Greek,</HI> and in places of traffique they bor|row one from another, according as their bu&s;ine&s;s is with tho&s;e
<PB N="38" REF="25"> whom they Negotiate. And as they differ in language, &s;o do they in attire. Tho&s;e that &s;erve the <HI>Venetians</HI> go apparelled like <HI>Venetians,</HI> tho&s;e that live under the <HI>Turk,</HI> like <HI>Turks.</HI> Both the I&s;landers and tho&s;e that live on the continent as well in <HI>Europe</HI> as <HI>A&s;ia,</HI> although &s;ubject to <HI>Turky,</HI> keep their ancient Chri&s;tian faith. Long al&s;o they rejected the prima|cy of the Latine Church, and elected to them&s;elves patriarchs, whom they acknowledge for their chief pa&s;tors, and appointed them &s;everal &s;ees. Whom not onely the <HI>Grecians</HI> thus obey, but like|wi&s;e all tho&s;e Provinces which fol|low the <HI>Greek Church,</HI> as <HI>Circa&s;&s;ia, Walachia, Bulgaria, Mo&s;covia, Ru&s;&s;ia,</HI> the better part of <HI>Polonia, Mangrelia, Bo&s;nia, Albania, Sclavonia,</HI> &s;ome part of <HI>Tartary, Sirtia, Croatia,</HI> and generally all the Provinces of the <HI>Euxin</HI> Sea. In number they are four, <HI>viz.</HI> the Patriarchs of <HI>Con&s;tantinople,
<PB N="39" REF="25"> Alexandria, Jeru&s;alem,</HI> and <HI>Antioch.</HI></P>
<P><LABEL>The <HI>Gree<GAP DESC="illegible" REASON="right margin cropped or obscured" RESP="MURP" EXTENT="1+ letters"></HI> Patriarchs<GAP DESC="illegible" REASON="right margin cropped or obscured" RESP="MURP" EXTENT="1+ letters"></LABEL> Of the&s;e, the Patriarch of <HI>Con&s;tantinople</HI> is the Primat, &s;it|teth in <HI>Con&s;tantinople,</HI> and chiefly moderateth over the <HI>Caloieri</HI> (&s;o are the <HI>Greek</HI> Prie&s;ts termed) which re&s;ide in Mount <HI>Athos,</HI> and generally over all Chri&s;tians, pro|fe&s;&s;ing the ritts of the <HI>Greek</HI> Church throughout <HI>Europe;</HI> and for the Mona&s;teries of Mount <HI>Athos,</HI> and all other, di&s;per&s;ed over Europe, he payeth the Turk yearly 12000. ducats. The Patriarch of <HI>Alexan|dria</HI> moderateth in <HI>Aegypt</HI> and <HI>Ara|bia,</HI> and his dwelling places in <HI>Memphis</HI> and <HI>Cair,</HI> are not much inferior to his of <HI>Con&s;tantinople.</HI></P>
<P>The Patriarch of <HI>Jeru&s;alem,</HI> ab&s;olutely moderateth in <HI>Judea,</HI> and over all profe&s;&s;ors of the <HI>Greek</HI> Religion throughout <HI>Siria.</HI> And mu&s;t of nece&s;&s;ity every year on the 15. of <HI>Augu&s;t,</HI> &s;ay Ma&s;s in the Mona&s;tery &s;cituated upon Mount <HI>Libanus.</HI></P>
<PB N="40" REF="26">
<P>The Patriarch of <HI>Antioch</HI> pre&s;i|deth in the Mona&s;teries and the <HI>Greek</HI> Churches, which are in <HI>Beritus, Tripolis, Haleb,</HI> and other places of <HI>A&s;ia.</HI> And in the&s;e places, as in all other, the Turk permitteth the Chri&s;tians to u&s;e their con&s;ciences freely, &s;o they perform their due and accu|&s;tomed tributes. To proceed,</P>
<P><LABEL><HI>Thrace</HI> d<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="MURP" EXTENT="1 letter">|&s;cribed.</LABEL> <HI>THRACE</HI> hath on the <HI>Ea&s;t</HI> the <HI>Euxine</HI> Sea, the <HI>Thracian Bo&s;phorus,</HI><HI> Propontis,</HI> and <HI>Helle&s;|pont:</HI> on the <HI>North</HI> the Mount <HI>Haemus,</HI> upon the <HI>We&s;t</HI> the higher <HI>Mi&s;ta,</HI> and part of <HI>Macedon,</HI> on the <HI>South</HI> the <HI>Archipelago.</HI> It is a mo&s;t Noble Province, cold, plain and admirably populous, &s;tored with grain, pul&s;e and excellent wine, towards the Sea-&s;ide: but towards the up-land (lying more &s;ubject to cold) it is not &s;o fertile nor wooddy.</P>
<P>In it &s;tands many goodly Cities <HI>Philipopolis, Nicopolis, So|phia,
<PB N="41" REF="26"> Hadrianopolis,</HI> the former Regal Seat of the Turki&s;h Kings, taken by <HI>Amurath</HI> the fir&s;t, and beautified with a famous Seraglia. The Town is &s;eated very plea|&s;antly, and was built by <HI>Ha|drian</HI> the Emperour, who&s;e name it retayns, it is now the u&s;ual retreat of this Grand Signior, and where at pre&s;ent he abides for its vicinity to his affayrs in <HI>Hun|gary. Pera</HI> by others called <HI>Galata,</HI> once peopled by the <HI>Genoe&s;e,</HI> as the Mart and Factory of that State taken by <HI>Mahomet</HI> in 1653. but &s;till repleni&s;hed with Chri&s;tian Merchants and Artificers.<LABEL>De&s;cripti|on of the famous City of <HI>Con&s;tanti|nople.</HI></LABEL> But above all other <HI>Con&s;tantinopo|lis,</HI> by Heaven erected to he the head of an Empire; as the onely &s;eat which <HI>Romans, Greeks,</HI> and now the <HI>Turks,</HI> have cho&s;en and reputed to be mo&s;t commodi|ou&s;ly &s;eated, not for the Go|vernment onely of the Empire, but (as was before generally men|tioned) of the whole world.</P>
<PB N="42" REF="27">
<P><LABEL><HI>Con&s;tinople</HI> de&s;cribed.</LABEL>By its fir&s;t Founders name it was called <HI>Byzantium,</HI> and after many various turns of Fortune betwixt the <HI>Per&s;ian</HI> and <HI>Spartans,</HI> it &s;etled at la&s;t under the <HI>Roman</HI> Empire, by the Conque&s;t of <HI>Seve|rus,</HI> who &s;acked it after three years &s;iege, for their partaking with <HI>Niger</HI> his Competitor, but yet &s;uch Maje&s;ty remained in the very ruines, that <HI>Herodian</HI> reports, not without favour and pity there|of, <HI>Mirabantur homines utrum eorum qui primi Extruxerunt vel eorum qui deinceps &s;unt demo|liti vires e&s;&s;ent potiores;</HI> it was wondred at, whether the &s;trength of the Founders, or the De|&s;troyers was greate&s;t. From this Rubbi&s;h it was reared and reedified by <HI>Con&s;tantine</HI> the Great, and fini&s;hed <HI>May</HI> 11. 331. and en|dowed with the Priviledges of <HI>Rome,</HI> and called for that rea&s;on <HI>Nova Roma</HI> for &s;ome &s;hort times, but in memory of its rai&s;er, after|wards <HI>Con&s;tantinople.</HI></P>
<PB N="43" REF="27">
<P>It continued in this &s;tate under the <HI>Ea&s;tern</HI> Empire 1100. years and upwards, till an unfortunate <HI>Con&s;tantine</HI> &s;irnamed <HI>Palaeologus,</HI> lo&s;t it to <HI>Mahomet</HI> the Great, <HI>A. D.</HI> 1453. by the ba&s;e covetou&s;ne&s;s of the Citizens, who would not for their own defence &s;upply the Em|peror with money. It is eighteen miles in compa&s;s, by which com|putation it is one third part bigger then <HI>London</HI> and the <HI>Suburbs,</HI> it is &s;aid to contain &s;even hundred thou&s;and &s;ouls, and would be much more populous were it not for the plague, who&s;e <HI>Triennial</HI> mi&s;chief de&s;troyeth multitudes, it is fortified toward the Land with three &s;trong and high walls, the one higher then the other, but towards the &s;ea with one onely built with many Turrets, which &s;trongly flanker it. It yeilds a plea&s;ant pro&s;pect a far off, by rea&s;on of the many Groves and Gardens within it, but is meanly built, the Hou&s;es but two &s;to|ries
<PB N="44" REF="28"> high, &s;ome of cour&s;e Stone, the re&s;t of Timber, rough and ungarni&s;hed; there are in it 8000. Mo&s;ques or Churches, which are the beauty of the City, the chief of them, and worthy of remarque is that of St. <HI>Sophia,</HI> which in elegancy, though not in bulk exceeds all the Fabricks of the World, the &s;ides and floor flagged with Marble, with a &s;tately Porch at the entrance: add hereunto the Sepulchral Mo&s;ques of the Turki&s;h <HI>Sultans,</HI> which are very &s;umptuous, to|gether with the <HI>Seraglio,</HI> built all of white Marble, round in form, and crowned at the top with &s;hining golden Spires: not to omit the Mo&s;que of <HI>Solyman</HI> the magnificent, one of the pre&s;ent wonders of the world. But <HI>Con&s;tantinople</HI> which is &s;eated upon &s;even Hills and Mountains, as well as <HI>Rome,</HI> is better furni&s;hed with a Port and Haven, &s;o conve|nient and advantageous to &s;hip|ping,
<PB N="45" REF="28"> and &s;o commodiou&s;ly &s;eated upon the <HI>Thracian Bo&s;phorus,</HI> that Ships of all burdens, and with all winds may come clo&s;e to the walls, the water is &s;o deep. As to the Seraglio it &s;tandeth on one of the &s;even Hills in the <HI>Northea&s;t</HI> quarter of the City, like a Delta two Angles of it a&s;pect the Sea, which affords it a mo&s;t plea&s;ant &s;pe|culation, the other is joyned by a wall to the City, towards which it hath one gate onely; the other gates are never opened but for the private plea&s;ures of the Grand Seignior, or his di&s;plea&s;ure to be executed by the death of &s;ome of his Officers and Ba&s;haws; it con|tains three Courts, one within another, the fir&s;t is open to all per&s;ons, in the &s;econd &s;its the Divan or Courts of Ju&s;tice, into which no man comes on Hor&s;e|back, the third is the Man&s;ion and privacy of the Grand Signor and his women, it is three miles in circuit, in which are contained
<PB N="46" REF="29"> many delightful Groves of Cy|pre&s;&s;es, intermixed with Plains, delicate Gardens, Artificial Foun|tains, Banquetting Turrets, and Pro&s;pect Rooms, with a mo&s;t magnificent audience Chamber for Amba&s;&s;adors, floored with embroydered Velvet &s;eamed with Pearl and other Jewels. I have the longer in&s;i&s;ted on this place, be|cau&s;e as the mi&s;tre&s;s of the World &s;he draws all eyes upon her, and therefore it is fit to dre&s;s her in tho&s;e Ornaments which &s;he u&s;u|ally wears, and do become her greatne&s;s.</P>
<P><HI>Callipolis,</HI> is another famous portion thereof, &s;eated on the Northern promontory of <HI>Cher&s;o|ne&s;e,</HI> the fir&s;t City of note po&s;&s;e&s;|&s;ed by the Turks in <HI>Europe,</HI> taken in the reign of <HI>Orchanes</HI> in 1358. from whence they ea&s;ily &s;pread their conque&s;t over the adjacent Provinces, it is the mo&s;t convenient pa&s;&s;age between <HI>Europe</HI> and <HI>A&s;ia,</HI> by rea&s;on of the &s;afe harbour and good anchorage.</P>
<PB N="47" REF="29">
<P><LABEL><HI>Macedon</HI> de&s;cribed.</LABEL> Next followeth <HI>MACEDON,</HI> bounded on the Ea&s;t with the <HI>Aegae+an</HI> Sea, on the We&s;t with <HI>Albania,</HI> on the North with <HI>My&s;ia &s;uperiour,</HI> and on the South with <HI>Epyrus,</HI> and <HI>Achaia,</HI> is is now principally divided into <HI>The&s;&s;aly</HI> (a &s;weet and delectable Country) <HI>Macedon</HI> &s;pe|cially &s;o called, and <HI>Migdonia</HI> by the Turks called <HI>Iamboli.</HI> It is a fertile region inclo&s;ed with Hills, and neer the <HI>Jonian</HI> Sea, plain and woody. That it was once the Empre&s;s of the Ea&s;t, it is well known, but at this day it is Turki&s;h, and without any famous Cities, &s;ave in a peice of <HI>Albania.</HI><LABEL>Mount <HI>Athos.</HI></LABEL> In it is nothing &s;o memorable as the Mount <HI>Athos,</HI> or holy mount. It is &s;eventy five miles in compa&s;s, three days journey long, and half a days journey broad, re&s;embling the &s;hape of a man lying with his face upward, who&s;e highe&s;t cone, always covered with Snow, is &s;een thirty miles of at Sea. It is ex|ceeeding fertile in Gra&s;s, Fruit,
<PB N="48" REF="30"> Oyl, and wine. <LABEL>Priviledge of Greek Prie&s;ts.</LABEL>Long ago it was dedicated in honour of St. <HI>Ba&s;il</HI> to the Greek <HI>Caloieri,</HI> and endowed with priviledges, which at this day it enjoyeth by the Turks good favour; that is to &s;ay, that no man neither <HI>Grecian</HI> nor <HI>Turk</HI> may inhabit in this place except he be a Prie&s;t. So that their num|ber in the&s;e days are about &s;ix thou&s;and, di&s;per&s;ed into twenty four Mona&s;teries, auncient and warlike, built for fear of Theeves and Pyrats, although there be no &s;uch great cau&s;e. In the&s;e Mona|&s;teries are many reliques, which cau&s;e great concour&s;e of people, and they are &s;tately built, and richly adorned. This was made a <HI>Roman</HI> Province in the year of the world 3798. after the Capti|vity of their la&s;t <HI>King Per&s;eus,</HI> and was upon the divi&s;ion of that Empire to Ea&s;t and We&s;t, con&s;ig|ned to the Ea&s;tern, to which it continued &s;ubjected till <HI>Amurath</HI> rent it from that Dominion by
<PB N="49" REF="30"> taking <HI>The&s;&s;alonica,</HI> it is now go|verned by a Sanjack, who is bound to maintain 100 hor&s;e, and to finde 400 more upon an Expedi|tion.</P>
<P><LABEL>Epirus.</LABEL><HI>Epire,</HI> now <HI>Albania,</HI> was once a very famous Province, bounded on the Ea&s;t with that part of <HI>Greece</HI> called <HI>Aetolia,</HI> on the We&s;t with the <HI>Adriatick,</HI> on the North with <HI>The&s;&s;aly, Macedon</HI> and part of <HI>Albania,</HI> and on the South with the <HI>Jonian</HI> Sea; as witne&s;&s;eth <HI>P. Aemilius,</HI> it had in it &s;eventy Ci|ties, now de&s;troyed, and turned into ruines, and Villages meanly inhabited. For the mo&s;t part it is woody and barren, but near the Sea fertile and adorned with very beautiful havens.</P>
<P>This Country was formerly fa|mous for <HI>Olimpias</HI> the Mother of <HI>Al<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="MURP" EXTENT="1 letter">xander</HI> the Great and <HI>Pyrrhus</HI> that great Captain among the <HI>Ro|mans,</HI> but modernly as much re|nowned for the unexemplary va|lour and conduct of <HI>Scanderbeg</HI> or
<PB N="50" REF="31">
<LABEL><HI>Scanderbegs</HI> renown.</LABEL> Lord <HI>Alexander,</HI> who proved a &s;courge to the Turks in the reigns of <HI>Amurath</HI> the &s;econd, and <HI>Ma|homet</HI> the fir&s;t, his bones after his death taken up, were worn by this rude enemy about them, as an omen or pledge of &s;ucce&s;s and victory whom&s;oever they engaged with.</P>
<P><HI>Achaia,</HI> mentioned for its name in Scripture, is a very goodly re|gion, as may be gathered by the goodly Cities, which therein once flouri&s;hed <HI>(viz.) Delphos, Thebs, Athens, Megara</HI> and many more, now de&s;troyed.</P>
<P>So is <HI>Pelopone&s;us;</HI> termed by <HI>Pliny</HI> the Bulwark of <HI>Greece.</HI> It yeildeth all things that man can de&s;ire either for life or plea&s;ure and although the ancient Cities be now defaced, yet is for quantity the be&s;t peopled part of <HI>Greece.</HI> It is now under the Turk, and counted the be&s;t Sang<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="MURP" EXTENT="1 letter">ack&s;hip in Turky, as bound to bring at the command of the <HI>Beglerbeg</HI> of <HI>Greece</HI> 1000
<PB N="51" REF="31"> hor&s;emen under his own pay. It is worth yearly fourteen thou&s;and ducats.</P>
<P><LABEL>Dardanels.</LABEL> And &s;o we pa&s;s to the I&s;les of the adjoyning <HI>Aegean</HI> Sea, which are many in number, &s;aluting fir&s;t the <HI>Dardanels</HI> or the two Block|hou&s;es, where all ve&s;&s;els pa&s;&s;ing out of the <HI>Helle&s;pont</HI> into this Sea (which extends forty miles in length) are &s;taid three days for &s;laves and other prohibited mer|chandizes, or until information of any &s;uch may come from <HI>Con|&s;tantinople,</HI> they are exceedingly well walled, fortified and provi|ded, they receive the cu&s;toms, and are the principal &s;trength of that City, as to the Mediterranean (as it is defended with the two black Towers (the Pri&s;on for the Ba|&s;haws and great per&s;ons) at the mouth of the <HI>Euxine,</HI> where it joyns with the <HI>Thracian Bo&s;pho|rus,</HI> the one of which is &s;cited a|bove <HI>Con&s;tantinople</HI> on <HI>Europe</HI> &s;ide, and the other on the <HI>A&s;ian</HI> &s;hore.</P>
<PB N="52" REF="32">
<P><LABEL>The <HI>Ae|geaan</HI> I|&s;slaups.</LABEL>The&s;e <HI>Aegaean</HI> I&s;lands are thus named <HI>Samothrace, Tha&s;&s;us, Im|brus, Lemnos,</HI> famous for the late conte&s;t in 1660 between the Turks and Venetians about it, <HI>Euboea</HI> cir|cuiting a hundred and fifty miles in which &s;tands the famous City known by the Gulf of <HI>Negropont,</HI> taken from the <HI>Venetians</HI> (to whom with other things it fell in the divi|&s;ion of the Ea&s;tern Empire unto the Latins) by Mahomet the Great in 1471. with the lo&s;s of forty thou&s;and men. <HI>Salamis, Aegina,</HI> the <HI>Cyclades,</HI> in number fifty three, called now the I&s;les of the <HI>Arches,</HI> encompa&s;&s;ing <HI>Delos</HI> and the <HI>Sporades.</HI></P>
<P><LABEL><HI>Candia</HI> de&s;cr<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="MURP" EXTENT="1 letter">bed.</LABEL>Next we &s;hould veiw the I&s;les of the <HI>Cretan</HI> Sea, but they being in|con&s;iderable we will mention only <HI>Candia,</HI> in form extending <HI>Ea&s;t</HI> and <HI>We&s;t,</HI> in length two hundred and &s;eventy, and in breadth fifty miles, placed in the mid&s;t of this
<PB N="53" REF="32"> Sea, the Natives &s;peak the Greek Language, and before the Turks put foot there, were governed by Latine Bi&s;hops of the Church of <HI>Rome,</HI> to which the <HI>Venetians,</HI> then the Lords of it, do adhere.</P>
<P>It hath been attempted by <HI>Selymus</HI> the &s;econd in 1571. when he conquered <HI>Cyprus,</HI> but in vain, yet <HI>Ibrahim</HI> the father of this Sultan, gained footing there &s;ome few years ago, and this is like when he &s;hall be at lei&s;ure, unle&s;s the <HI>Ve|netians</HI> improve his ab&s;ence in <HI>Hungaria,</HI> to carry it all; for of late he hath been very &s;ucce&s;sful there again&s;t all the power they can make, and is at pre&s;ent po&s;|&s;e&s;&s;ed of the better half, &s;o that he mu&s;t be reckoned as more inte|re&s;ted then the <HI>Venetian.</HI> The <HI>Jo|nian</HI> I&s;les as pertaining to their Seigniory, we are not obliged to mention here, though they &s;tood in great danger of changing their Ma&s;ter.</P>
<PB N="54" REF="33">
<P><LABEL>Rhodes.</LABEL> From hence as we de&s;cend to the bottom of the &s;traights appears the I&s;land of <HI>Rhodes,</HI> (which we mu&s;t ob&s;erve in our way to the I&s;le of <HI>Cyprus,</HI> and &s;o to <HI>Egypt</HI>) famous in former times for the potent re&s;idence of the Knights of the order of St. <HI>John</HI> of <HI>Jeru|&s;alem,</HI> who de&s;erted by the Chri|&s;tian Princes were forced to yeild it in the Grand ma&s;ter&s;hip of <HI>Ville|rius,</HI> to <HI>Solyman</HI> the Magnificent, not more to the &s;candal then detri|ment of Chri&s;tianity, but this is &s;o notorious that I mu&s;t not enlarger my &s;elf.</P>
<P><LABEL>Cyprus.</LABEL><HI>Cyprus</HI> is &s;ituated in the <HI>Syrian,</HI> and <HI>Cilician</HI> Seas, extended in length from Ea&s;t to We&s;t two hundred miles, in breadth &s;ixty, the whole Compa&s;s reckoned five hundred and fifty, and di|&s;tant from <HI>Cilicia,</HI> in <HI>A&s;ia</HI> minor &s;ome &s;ixty miles, it is a rich and fertile Kingdom, and hath in it twelve eminent Cities, but the mo&s;t famous are tho&s;e two of
<PB N="55" REF="33"> <HI>Nico&s;ia</HI> and <HI>Famagu&s;ta,</HI> the la&s;t whereof was gallantly maintained by Signor <HI>Bragadino</HI> Governour of the I&s;land, for the <HI>Venetians:</HI> <LABEL>The bar|barous conque&s;t of <HI>Cyprus.</HI></LABEL> who being in de&s;pair of releif, yeilded the Town, and con&s;equently the Kingdom upon honourable. A<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="MURP" EXTENT="1 letter">ti|cles to <HI>Mu&s;tapha, Selymu&s;&s;es</HI> Ge|neral, but was barbarou&s;ly fleaed alive, and all per&s;ons of quality murdered be&s;ides, onely a beau|tiful Lady re&s;erved for the lu&s;t of the Grand Signior, (with &s;ome other Pri&s;oners) in their voyage to <HI>Con&s;tantinople</HI> blew her &s;elf, Ship and company into the Ayr, and worthily pre&s;erved and tran&s;mit|ted her honour to after ages invi|olate.</P>
<P>And &s;o we pa&s;s to <HI>Syria. SYRIA</HI> is bounded on the <HI>South</HI> with <HI>Pa|le&s;tina,</HI> and &s;ome parts of <HI>Arabia,</HI> on the We&s;t with the <HI>Mediterrane|an</HI> Sea, on the Ea&s;t with the Ri|ver <HI>Euphrates,</HI> by which parted from <HI>Me&s;opotamia,</HI> on the <HI>North</HI> with <HI>Cilicia</HI> and <HI>Arm<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="MURP" EXTENT="1 letter">nia</HI> minor,
<PB N="56" REF="34"> from which it is &s;eparated by the mountain <HI>Taurus.</HI></P>
<P><LABEL><HI>Phaenicia</HI> de&s;cribed.</LABEL> In the Survey of this &s;pacious Country, the Reader is de&s;ired to limit his &s;ight to the grand di|vi&s;ion thereof into its &s;everal Pro|vinces, wherein we mu&s;t tran&s;ito|rily ob&s;erve tho&s;e Eminent Cities which are in the knowledge and di&s;|cour&s;e of Europe; The fir&s;t Pro|vince is <HI>Phaenicia,</HI> bounded on the Ea&s;t and South with <HI>Pale&s;tine,</HI> on the North with <HI>Syria,</HI> on the We&s;t with the <HI>Mediterranean</HI> Sea. It is famous for the noble Cities (for their atcheivements and Merchan|di&s;es) of <HI>Tyre</HI> and <HI>Sydon, Berytus</HI> and <HI>Ptolemays,</HI> the la&s;t place of the Holy War Conque&s;t: they were reduced to the Turki&s;h Do|mion in 1489. but that place which now mo&s;t concerns us, is <HI>Tripoli,</HI> bravely and fertilely &s;eated, once a Chri&s;tian Marqui&s;ate (but in name &s;o allied to that barbarous den of Theives in <HI>Africa,</HI> mi&s;cheivous to trade, that I cannot but fore&s;tal its
<PB N="57" REF="34"> &s;cite) and is upon that account the Metropolis of <HI>Phaenicia:</HI> &s;econdly <HI>Syria Propria,</HI> bounded and adjoyn|ing Northward to <HI>Phenicia,</HI> famous to our acquaintance, for <HI>Laodicea,</HI> as is mentioned in the <HI>Revelations</HI> of Saint <HI>John;</HI><LABEL>Antioch.</LABEL> and <HI>Antioch,</HI> the place where Chri&s;tians were fir&s;t &s;o called, but now hath no name it &s;elf either Turki&s;h or Chri&s;tian to be called by, being &s;unck into mo&s;t ob&s;cure and ignote Rubbi&s;h. It was finally lo&s;t from the Chri&s;ti|ans is 1381. when it came to <HI>Saladine,</HI> the Victorious Sultan of <HI>Egypt</HI> and <HI>Dama&s;cus.</HI><LABEL>Aleppo.</LABEL> Thirdly <HI>Comagena</HI> bordering upon <HI>Euphra|tes</HI> towards the Ea&s;t, with which it is watered, in it <HI>Aleppo</HI> &s;cituated in mid&s;t betwixt <HI>Tripolis, Beritus,</HI> and <HI>Alexandretta,</HI> the three prime ports of <HI>Turkey,</HI> and on the fur|ther &s;ide it adjoyns to the <HI>Per&s;i|an</HI> Territories; it hath been of long time a factory of the Engli&s;h Nation, governed by a Con&s;ul who maintain thence corre&s;pondence
<PB N="58" REF="35"> with the Ea&s;t Indies, &s;everal goods comming overland upon Camels.<LABEL>Aleppo.</LABEL> The Engli&s;h are here well belo|ved, and our Tutelar or National Saint <HI>George,</HI> who&s;e Sepulchre is fayned here, is had in great ve|neration; It overlooks by its &s;itu|ation upon a Hill &s;ix Villages, to be &s;een no where el&s;e in the&s;e depo|pulated uncultivated places of this Empire, and is governed by a Ba&s;haw, which Dignity hath of late years been trouble&s;ome to the Turki&s;h State, as was mentioned in the former part; It was taken in by <HI>Selymus</HI> the fi<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="MURP" EXTENT="1 letter">&s;t, of which more pre&s;ently. Fourthly <HI>Palmyrene</HI> a Country never con|quered in the Holy-Land expedi|tion, as the other parts were. Fifthly, <HI>Coelo&s;yria</HI> bounded on the We&s;t with <HI>Palae&s;tine,</HI> whither we are next to pa&s;s, and on the South-Ea&s;t, with <HI>Arabia De&s;erta,</HI> and on the North with <HI>Palmyrene,</HI> remarquable for the famous City of <HI>Dama&s;cus,</HI> and the Imperial
<PB N="59" REF="35"> and regal Seat of many Kings, who have been celebrated as well in Divine as humane writ. <LABEL>Dama&s;cus.</LABEL> A mo&s;t fruitful delightful place, even to &s;urfeit, being &s;tored with wine to &s;uperfluity, for which rea&s;on, as is excellently ob&s;erved, the vile Impo&s;tor Mahomet would not be per&s;waded to come to it, le&s;t being ine&s;cated with its plea&s;ures he &s;hould forget the bu&s;ine&s;s he came about, but his Succe&s;&s;ors were not &s;o ab&s;temious, it being the &s;eat of one of his Caliphs, while <HI>Babylon</HI> or <HI>Bagdat</HI> was reedified. Here are many ingenuous workmen in mo&s;t Arts, and hence come our Damask Satins and Linnens, wrought with curious Branches. It is now the Seat of one of the principal Turki&s;h Ba&s;haws, and who is had in great e&s;timation and beloved by the Grand Seig|nor; It was held in modern times by the <HI>Mamalukes,</HI> who piece|meal recovered <HI>Syria</HI> from the <HI>Tar|ters,</HI> who under <HI>Tamberlane</HI> ter|rible
<PB N="60" REF="36"> &s;acked this City; but in the year 1516. when the victorius <HI>Se|limus</HI> the fir&s;t di&s;comfited <HI>Camp&s;on Gaurus</HI> the <HI>Egyptian</HI> Sultan in the fields of <HI>Aleppo,</HI> this City fearing the Spoyl and ruine there|of then very opulent by trade, &s;et open their Gates, as did all the other Cities by their example. By means whereof the Turks became Lords of all this Country with out any more blows, as they were next year of <HI>Egypt</HI> al&s;o, by their victory over <HI>Tomombeius,</HI> in whom peri&s;hed the Name and, Empire of the <HI>Mamalukes.</HI></P>
<P><LABEL>Mount <HI>Hermon.</HI></LABEL> In our way to <HI>Pale&s;tine</HI> on the Holy Land, we mu&s;t pa&s;s over Mount <HI>Hermon,</HI> a ledge of Hills, which beginning Ea&s;tward run di|rectly South, by which <HI>Pale&s;tine</HI> is bounded on the Ea&s;t, and parted from <HI>Coelo&s;yria</HI> and <HI>Arabia De&s;er|ta,</HI> on the We&s;t with the <HI>Medi|terranean</HI> Sea, and &s;ome part of <HI>Phaenicia;</HI> On the North it is divided with the Hill <HI>Anti-Liba|nus</HI>
<PB N="61" REF="36"> from <HI>Syria,</HI> and on the South with part of <HI>Arabia Petraea;</HI> a mo&s;t fertile Land even to admi|ration, flowing with milk and Hony, as it is elegantly expre&s;&s;ed in the eight of <HI>Deuteronomy;</HI> by its former divi&s;ion it was can|toned into &s;ix Provinces. 1. <HI>Berea,</HI> 2. <HI>It<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="MURP" EXTENT="1 letter">rea,</HI> 3. <HI>Galilee,</HI> 4. <HI>Samaria,</HI> 5. <HI>Judea,</HI> and 6. <HI>Idumea,</HI> but made one Province of the <HI>Roman</HI> Empire, as it is now of the Turki&s;h, the chief Cities were <HI>Coe&s;area, Samaria,</HI> and <HI>Hieru&s;alem,</HI> of which a little mu&s;t needs be &s;po|ken.</P>
<P>For to &s;peak nothing of ancient times, in the 73. year after Chri&s;t, <HI>Jeru&s;alem</HI> was taken and de&s;troyed by <HI>Titus,</HI> with the &s;laughter and captivity of infinite thou&s;ands. In the year 136. it was re&s;tored by <HI>Aelius Adrianus,</HI> new-named <HI>Aelia,</HI> and given in po&s;&s;e&s;&s;ion to the Jews. In the time of <HI>Con|&s;tantine</HI> and <HI>Helena</HI> his Mother, it fell into the hands of the Chri|&s;tians,
<PB N="62" REF="37"> and &s;o continued untill the days of our <HI>Henry</HI> the fourth, at which time it was again ta|ken by the Sultan of the <HI>Sara|zens,</HI> and the Chri&s;tians clean ba|ni&s;hed.</P>
<P><LABEL>Holy land.</LABEL> In the year 1097. in a general Councel for the delivery of the Holy Land, the <HI>Cro&s;&s;ed</HI> Knights were in&s;tituted throughout Chri|&s;tendom, and <HI>Godfrey</HI> of <HI>Bul|loygne</HI> cho&s;en General of three hundred thou&s;and footmen, and one hundred thou&s;and hor&s;e. The&s;e Knights did many famous acts; recovered the Land, in&s;tituted a Monarchy, and though &s;ometime with lo&s;s, continued &s;ome defence thereof, until the year of our Lord 1517. and then was it over|come by the Turki&s;h Armys, of the afore&s;aid victorious <HI>Selymus,</HI> who at this day retain it in mi&s;era|ble &s;ervitude under a certain Tri|bute or impo&s;ition upon &s;uch Chri&s;tians as are permitted to live here.</P>
<PB N="63" REF="37">
<P>There are now therefore two or more Mona&s;teries, or Religious Hou&s;es, where Fryars do abide, and make a good commodity of &s;hewing the Sepulchre of Chri&s;t, and other Monuments unto &s;uch Chri&s;tian Pilgrimes as do u&s;e &s;uper|&s;titiou&s;ly to go in Pilgrimage to the <HI>Holy Land.</HI></P>
<P>And &s;o it re&s;teth peopled with men of divers Nations and Sects; as <HI>Saracens, Arabians, Turks, Hebrews,</HI> and Chri&s;tians: whereof &s;ome follow the Latine Church, &s;ome the Greek: as the <HI>Grecians, Syrians, Armenians, Georgians, Ne&s;torians, Jacobites, Nubians, Marodits, Abe&s;&s;ines, Indians,</HI> and <HI>Egyptians,</HI> every one having their peculiar Bi&s;hops, whom they obey. But to particularize a little further.</P>
<P><HI>GALILIE</HI> upon the North is invironned with the &s;teep hills of <HI>Libanus</HI> and <HI>Antilibanus,</HI> upon the We&s;t with <HI>Phenicia,</HI> upon the Ea&s;t with <HI>Caelo&s;yria,</HI> and upon the
<PB N="64" REF="38"> South with <HI>Samaria,</HI> and <HI>Arabia</HI> the de&s;ert. The &s;oil is mo&s;t fruit|ful, yeilding all &s;orts of trees, and divided by <HI>Jordan:</HI> upon who&s;e banks &s;tand very many Towns and Villages, and &s;o w ll watered either with mountain Torrents, or &s;prings, that no part thereof lyeth unmanured.</P>
<P><LABEL>Nazareth.</LABEL>The Country is the more fa|mous, for that in it, &s;tandeth (among&s;t the rude mountains) the &s;mall Village of <HI>Nazareth,</HI> the place of our Lords conception: And at this day, there is a &s;mall Chappel Archt and built under ground, whereinto a man mu&s;t de&s;cend by &s;tayrs: Here (&s;ome &s;ay) the Angel appeared unto <HI>Mary,</HI> and foretold her that &s;he &s;hould conceive and bring forth our Lord.</P>
<P>The Inhabitants are <HI>Arabians,</HI> &s;hort and thick men, rudely ap|parelled, and weaponed with Bows, Swords and Daggers. In this Region likewi&s;e &s;tandeth the
<PB N="65" REF="38"> Mount <HI>Thabor,</HI> who&s;e North part is inacce&s;&s;ible, and whereon our Lord was transfigured, according to the ble&s;&s;ed Evangeli&s;t.</P>
<P><LABEL>Samaria.</LABEL><HI>SAMARIA</HI> lyeth in a mo&s;t delicate plot of <HI>Pale&s;tine,</HI> but in bigne&s;s not comparable to <HI>Iudea</HI> or <HI>Galilie.</HI> The &s;oyl is partly Moun|tanous, partly champian, plea|&s;ant, fruitful, and very well watered with fre&s;h and &s;weet water. The City is now ruinated: but as for plea&s;ure and delight it was inferior to no other. It is &s;citu|ated upon the &s;ide of a Hill, the eighth part of a mile from whence, a man may behold the ruines of a great Temple: whereupon (as men &s;ay) Chri&s;t &s;ate, when he asked water of the <HI>Samaritan</HI> wo|man. But the&s;e are uncertainties, not to &s;ay fallacies.</P>
<P><LABEL>Judea.</LABEL><HI>J&V;DEA,</HI> far excelleth any part of the re&s;idue of <HI>Pale&s;tine,</HI> and at this day enjoyeth it's ancient fertility.</P>
<P>The tribe of <HI>Juda</HI> &s;o named it,
<PB N="66" REF="39"> and in it, as in the re&s;t of <HI>Pale|&s;tina</HI> were very many worthy Ci|ties, <LABEL>Jeru&s;alem.</LABEL> whereof <HI>Jeru&s;alem</HI> was the chief &s;eat of their Princes, the po&s;&s;e&s;&s;ion of the Patriarches, Pro|phets, and Apo&s;tles: the original place of our faith, and the glory of the Chri&s;tian world. By the <HI>Barbarians,</HI> at this day it is called <HI>Godz,</HI> or <HI>Chutz:</HI> It &s;tandeth on an eminent place, as whereunto a man mu&s;t always a&s;cend.</P>
<P>Saint <HI>Jeroms</HI> opinion was, that it &s;tood not onely in the heart of <HI>Judaea,</HI> but in the very center of the world, as having <HI>A&s;ia</HI> on the Ea&s;t, <HI>Europe</HI> on the We&s;t, upon the South <HI>Lybia</HI> and <HI>Africa,</HI> and upon the North, <HI>Scythia, Armenia, Per&s;ia,</HI> with the re&s;idue of the Pontique Nations.</P>
<P>What the glory hereof hath been, may be conjectured out of <HI>Tacitus,</HI> who reporteth, that in the beginning of the Siege, it contained two hundred thou&s;and &s;ouls. At this day it numbreth
<PB N="67" REF="39"> not above five thou&s;and inhabi|tants, although many Pilgrims daily re&s;ort thither in a good con&s;cience, and for devotions &s;ake.</P>
<P><LABEL>The Se|pulchre of Chri&s;t.</LABEL> It was once &s;trongly and fairly walled, but now weakly, and therein it &s;heweth nothing &s;o fa|mous as the Sepulchre of our Sa|viour Chri&s;t, who&s;e Temple in|circleth the whole Mount of <HI>Calvary,</HI> &s;cituated upon a plain plot of ground, high, round, and open at the top, from whence it receiveth light: but the Sepul|chre it &s;elf is covered with an archt Chappel cut out of the main Mar|ble, and left unto the cu&s;tody of the Latine Chri&s;tians.</P>
<P>Who&s;oever is de&s;irous to &s;ee this Sepulchre, mu&s;t pay nine Crowns to the <HI>Turk:</HI> &s;o that this tribute is yearly worth unto him, a very con&s;iderable revevennue.</P>
<P>One hundred and eight foot di|&s;tant from this Tomb, is the Mount (called the Mount <HI>Calvarie</HI>) where|on
<PB N="68" REF="40"> our Saviour Chri&s;t was cruci|fied by the treacherous Jews. In this place are many other religious Reliques. And the Pilgrims which come thither, are always lodged according to his own profe&s;&s;ion; the Latines with the <HI>Franci&s;cans,</HI> without the City, by Mount <HI>Syon:</HI> the Graecians are lodged with the <HI>Caloirean</HI> Greeks, dwelling within the City by the Sepulchre: And &s;o every other Nation, <HI>Abe&s;&s;ines, Georgians, Armenians, Ne&s;torians,</HI> and <HI>Maronites,</HI> who all have their proper and peculiar Chappels. Tho&s;e Franci&s;cans, which follow the Latine Church, and are for the mo&s;t part <HI>Italians,</HI> were wont to create the Knights of the Sepul|cher, and to give te&s;timonial unto Pilgrims of their being there.</P>
<P>Without this City is the valley of <HI>Jeho&s;aphet,</HI> and therein the Tombs of the ble&s;&s;ed Lady and Saint <HI>Anne.</HI> The territory adjoy|ning is exceeding fruitful in Vines, Apples, Almonds, Figs and Oyl:
<PB N="69" REF="40"> the mountains are no le&s;s &s;tored with trees, wild bea&s;ts and &s;piceries.</P>
<P>Be&s;ides <HI>Jeru&s;alem,</HI> here &s;tand|eth <HI>Bethlem,</HI> now de&s;troyed, and &s;hewing nothing worth looking on, &s;ave a great and &s;tately Mona|&s;tery of the <HI>Franci&s;cans,</HI> within which is the place where Chri&s;t was born. <HI>Rama</HI> is now likewi&s;e ruinated; the Arches and Ci&s;terns which are now remaining, by the witne&s;s of <HI>Bellonius</HI> his own eye, are greater then tho&s;e of <HI>Alexan|dria,</HI> but not &s;o thick.</P>
<P><HI>Gaza</HI> is now a Turki&s;h <HI>Sangiack|&s;hip:</HI> the &s;oyl about fertile, and the inhabitants <HI>Grecians, Turks,</HI> and <HI>Arabians.</HI></P>
<P><LABEL>Idumea.</LABEL><HI>ID&V;MEA.</HI> I<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="MURP" EXTENT="1 letter"> <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="MURP" EXTENT="1 letter">oly writ, this Region is called <HI>Edom,</HI> and by other Authors <HI>Nabathea.</HI> Toward the Sea and <HI>Judea</HI> the &s;oil is fertile, but toward <HI>Arabia</HI> de&s;ert and bar|ren. Some &s;ay its inexpugnable for its de&s;erts and want of water: yet is it &s;tored therewith but hidden, and known to none but the Na|tives.
<PB N="70" REF="41"> Of old they were a turbu|lent, unquiet, and &s;editious peo|ple, and &s;o at this day they are like to their villanous and rogui&s;h Neighbours the <HI>Arabians.</HI></P>
<P>For further &s;atisfaction of the Reader, be he plea&s;ed to refer him|&s;elf to Doctor <HI>Fullers</HI> Holy Land, or Sir <HI>Walter Raleigh,</HI> who have amply di&s;cour&s;ed on this Subject, by who&s;e copious and plea&s;ant &s;tile and luxurious de&s;cription, the Ruines and pre&s;ent indigence and penury of this once flouri&s;hing and abundant Region are only to be al|leviated. And &s;o we pa&s;s forward.</P>
<P><LABEL>Egypt.</LABEL> <HI>AEGYPT</HI> is be&s;t to be known as to its bounds, by its threefold defi|nition and divi&s;ion. Fir&s;t, <HI>Egypt</HI> properly &s;o called, extends it &s;elf North upon the <HI>Mediterranean</HI> &s;ea, and part of <HI>Idumea</HI> to <HI>Lybia</HI> or <HI>Marmarica.</HI> Secondly, <HI>Lybia</HI> or <HI>Marmarica</HI> lying betwixt <HI>Egypt</HI> properly &s;o called, and <HI>Cyrene</HI> or <HI>Pentapolis,</HI> &s;o called for the five
<PB N="71" REF="41"> cheif Cities thereof, 1300 miles long and 200 broad, reaches from <HI>Lybia</HI> to the Greater <HI>Syrty,</HI> <LABEL>The king|doms of <HI>Tunis</HI> and <HI>Algeir.</HI></LABEL> where it is bounded with the Kingdom of <HI>Tunis</HI> in <HI>Africa,</HI> which Kingdom with the other of <HI>Algeir,</HI> by the <HI>Ottoman</HI> Family's intermedling with the quarrelling Princes thereof, though Mahumetans al&s;o, came at length to acknowledge no other Ma&s;ter but them&s;elves, the la&s;t King of <HI>Tunis</HI> named <HI>Mahomet,</HI> put in by Don <HI>John</HI> of <HI>Au&s;tria</HI> who&s;e &s;uccour he craved, being &s;ubdued by the Turks, and carri|ed pri&s;oner to <HI>Con&s;tantinople</HI> in the reign of <HI>Selymus</HI> the &s;econd, about which time the Kingdom of <HI>Algeir</HI> in length 300 miles, but in breadth not con&s;iderable, was likewi&s;e re|duced upon the &s;ame &s;core by the famous <HI>Barbaro&s;&s;a.</HI> Not to men|tion here &s;ome of the I&s;les of <HI>Bar|bary</HI> which are &s;ubject to the Grand Seignior, as <HI>Zerby,</HI> infamous for the lo&s;s of 15000 Chri&s;tians by &s;laughter at the taking, and af|terwards
<PB N="72" REF="42"> by famine at the &s;ur|prize and retaking of it by <HI>Pial</HI> Ba&s;&s;a in 1559. I am con&s;trained to mention the&s;e parts of <HI>Affrick</HI> here, for want of convenient re|duction (in this brief Compendium) to their proper place.</P>
<P><HI>Aegypt</HI> was va&s;&s;alled to the <HI>Mamalukes,</HI> who &s;eized it from the Ea&s;tern Emperors &s;ome 300 years before <HI>Selimus</HI> the &s;econd, that ambitious and martial Sultan wre&s;ted it from them in the fields of <HI>Aleppo,</HI> and extingui&s;hed the name and Empire as afore&s;aid: When <HI>Cyrene</HI> followed the &s;ame fortune, and &s;ubmitted to the Turki&s;h yoke. In this Province we mu&s;t remarque <HI>Tripolis,</HI> a&s;&s;ign|ed by <HI>Charls</HI> the fift to the Knights of <HI>John of Jeru&s;alem</HI> in lieu of <HI>Rhodes,</HI> but wre&s;ted from them by <HI>Sinan</HI> Ba&s;&s;a in 1577. &s;ince which it is become a den of Pirates, as was mentioned before in the <HI>Syri|an Tripolis.</HI></P>
<P>In <HI>Egypt,</HI> pa&s;&s;ing over <HI>Pelu&s;ium</HI>
<PB N="73" REF="42"> and the famous <HI>Damiata,</HI> we will confine our view to <HI>Grand Cairo,</HI> once called <HI>Memphis,</HI> the Metropo|lis of <HI>Egypt,</HI> which of all antient Cities hath lo&s;t little or nothing by the injury of time.</P>
<P><LABEL><HI>Grand Cairo</HI> de|&s;cribed at large.</LABEL> Grand <HI>Cairo</HI> was wre&s;ted from the <HI>Mamalukes,</HI> and their Sultan <HI>Tomombeus,</HI> by <HI>Selymus</HI> the fir&s;t in the year of the Incarnation, 1517. after four bloody days &s;pent be|fore he could entirely po&s;&s;e&s;s him|&s;elf of the City; It is nobly &s;cited, and is between thirty and forty Engli&s;h Miles in compa&s;s, devi|ded into &s;even Burghs, built after the <HI>Egyptian</HI> manner, high, and of large rough &s;tone, part al&s;o of Brick, the &s;treets are narrow, of late there are new buildings made of the Turki&s;h Fa&s;hion as the former decay, poor, low much of Wood and Timber, ex|cept &s;ome modern &s;tately palaces of both Nations.</P>
<P>There are in it as are reckoned five and thirty thou&s;and Mo&s;chets,
<PB N="74" REF="43"> four and twenty thou&s;and noted &s;treets, be&s;ides lanes and turnings, &s;ome of tho&s;e &s;treets are two miles in length, &s;ome not half a mile, all of them every night are lockt up with a Door or Gate at each end, and Guarded by a Musketier, to prevent Tumults, Fire, or other outrages.</P>
<P><LABEL>Its Go|vernment.</LABEL>Without the City on hor&s;e|back there watch every night to prevent any attempts of the <HI>Arabs,</HI> four Sanjacks, with each a thou|&s;and Hor&s;e-men under his com|mand, &s;o that in all, as it is ea&s;ily computable by the indi|vidual, Guardians of the &s;treets there watch every night no le&s;s then twenty eight thou&s;and per|&s;ons.</P>
<P>The Ca&s;tle is the place where the Ba&s;haw re&s;ides, who is always one of the mo&s;t avaricious and ravenous Viziers, &s;ent thither on purpo&s;e to &s;queeze and oppre&s;s the <HI>Egyptians,</HI> and is frequently made a Spunge, to refund his wealth
<PB N="75" REF="43"> with his life) into the Grand Seig|niors Exchequer, in which act the &s;lavi&s;h <HI>Egyptians</HI> can di&s;cern nothing but his ju&s;tice, and are &s;atisfied with it as their revenge. This Ca&s;tle is founded upon a Rocky a&s;cent on the Ea&s;t &s;ide of the City, nor well repayred nor quite decayed; at the foot of this a&s;cent is a place half a Mile long, wherein they ride the great hor&s;e, and by that a little Hou&s;e and Garden, (wherein the old Ba&s;haws of this place, when di&s;authori&s;ed till the coming of a new one, are kept until they are &s;trangled or re&s;tored to the Grand Signors favour. <LABEL>The fa|mous R<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="MURP" EXTENT="1 letter">|ver <HI>Nile.</HI></LABEL>Things of remarque and note herein, are fir&s;t the River <HI>Nile</HI> running along the South of the Town to the We&s;t, making as it leaves it, a little dainty I&s;land, who&s;e fertile and wonderful inun|dation begins con&s;tantly about the middle of <HI>June,</HI> and increa&s;eth to between eighty and a hundred days, then it abates, and by the
<PB N="76" REF="44">
<GAP DESC="duplicate" EXTENT="1 page">
<PB N="77" REF="44">
<GAP DESC="duplicate" EXTENT="1 page">
<PB N="76" REF="45"> end of <HI>November</HI> comes within its narrowe&s;t banks, about a quarter of a mile broad: by rea|&s;on of this flood they have four Harve&s;ts in a year, the ground ad|jacent to this River being before a white Sand, without a &s;prig of any green thing but two weeds (which carried to <HI>Venice</HI> makes the fine&s;t Chry&s;tal Gla&s;s) becomes a fat black mould, and bears Flax and Rice, with Sugar-Canes in abundance. Not to omit the num|ber of Crocodiles that infe&s;t this River, nor the <HI>Nil&s;cope</HI> in the I&s;le, where &s;tands a Pillar with &s;everal marks, declaring the height of the Flood all over <HI>Egypt.</HI> <LABEL>The Py|ramids.</LABEL> The next are the Pyramids &s;o much famed in hi&s;tory, and the granaries or &s;tore|hou&s;es which <HI>Jo&s;eph</HI> built, three of which Pyramids &s;tand twelve miles South-we&s;t of the City on the other &s;ide of the River, and are yet almo&s;t entire, their form is quadrangular, le&s;&s;ening by equal degrees from a quarter of a
<PB N="77" REF="45"> mile flat at bottom to a &s;quare at top a little more then 4. yards an|gular; there are &s;ixteen or eighteen other Pyramids &s;ome twelve miles to the Southward, but ruined ex|treamly. It rains not here but once in three or four years, &s;o that bodies buried in that &s;and, will keep without putrefaction, by rea|&s;on no moy&s;ture is near them but what is in them&s;elves.</P>
<P><LABEL><HI>Cairo</HI> Sub|ject to plagues, yet popu|lous.</LABEL> Plagues are here very rife in Winter, by one whereof eighteen hundred thou&s;and per&s;<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="MURP" EXTENT="1 letter">ns died in &s;ix months, yet was the City pre|&s;ently as populous as before, and continues &s;o thronged that per&s;ons of quality have one going before their Mules to make way for them, by bidding people make room, this is cau&s;ed by the con|fluent multitude of the <HI>Arabs,</HI> and <HI>Indians</HI> too, that flock to the plea&s;ures and plenty of this place. There are a great many Chri&s;tians al&s;o, <HI>Venetians, Dutch, Genoe&s;e,</HI> and &s;ome <HI>Engli&s;h,</HI> the
<PB N="78" REF="46"> ayr &s;ometimes in &s;ummer is like any &s;weet perfume, and almo&s;t &s;uf|focates the Spirits, cau&s;ed by the wind that brings the odours of the <HI>Arabian</HI> Spices in a full Flavour.</P>
<P><LABEL>The &s;an|dy playns about it.</LABEL> There is al&s;o a &s;ort of rare Hor&s;es, but of tender hoofs, yet fit for that &s;andy and &s;oft ground, which will run four days and Nights together with|out eating or drinking, and &s;ome <HI>Egyptians</HI> with a little pro|vant, and le&s;s &s;leep, their body being wound about with a Lin|nen, will ride them &s;o upon bu&s;i|ne&s;s, to which this is the only con|venience, over tho&s;e &s;andy de&s;erts, where there is neither Hou&s;e or Inhabitants, but the Theiving Murderous <HI>Arabs.</HI> For the directi|on of the way over tho&s;e Va&s;ti|tudes, the wind blowing the Sand, and lo&s;ing the track of any bea|ten way, and &s;ometimes burying the Travellers in Sheats of it, unle&s;s they be wary, are pillars of
<PB N="79" REF="46"> brick, &s;et up a mile di&s;tant from one another.</P>
<P><LABEL>The re|venue of <HI>Egypt.</HI></LABEL> The Revenue that the Grand Signor receives from <HI>Aegypt</HI> amounts to eight hundred thou|&s;and pound &s;terling, a third part whereof comes onely clear to the Exchequer at <HI>Con&s;tantinople,</HI> all ari&s;eth out of certain farms of the Land belonging to the Crown, let out to the <HI>Egyptians,</HI> the lea&s;t farm pays two hundred pound a year. But the Ba&s;haw hath other wayes to make profit to him&s;elf, nor is any invention of op|pre&s;&s;ion thought envious or dan|gerous; for the <HI>Egyptians</HI> natu|rally effeminate, and having &s;uf|fered under a la&s;ting Tyranny, from &s;lavery to &s;lavery, are in no likelihood of endeavouring a revolt: the Grand Signor hath of them no more then fourteen thou|&s;and enrolled in his pay, and that for &s;how onely. The other two parts of the Revenue are di&s;po&s;ed thus, the one to furni&s;h the Ex|pence
<PB N="80" REF="47"> of the Caravan and Pilgri|mage to <HI>Mecha,</HI> whither the Grand Seignor &s;ends pre&s;ents yearly, e&s;pecially a green velvet Pall, for Mahomets Coffin, and the other third part of the revenue towards defraying the charges of the Government, <HI>viz.</HI> all Offi|cers and publique &s;ervices, be&s;ides that of the <HI>Timariots,</HI> who do theirs for their Tenure, and enjoy almo&s;t a half of that Kingdom. It is a rare felicity for any Ba&s;haw of this place to e&s;cape with life, fortunes, and liberty, yet there are few of the Vi&s;iers, who do not ambitiou&s;ly affect this ominous government.</P>
<P><LABEL>Alexan|<GAP DESC="illegible" REASON="left margin cropped or obscured" RESP="MURP" EXTENT="1+ letters">ria.</LABEL> The <HI>Nile</HI> de&s;cends from <HI>Cairo</HI> in a length of 360. miles to <HI>Ca|nopus,</HI> now called <HI>Ro&s;etta,</HI> where it embogues it &s;elf into the Sea: from whence by Land to <HI>Alexan|dria,</HI> the Port where goods are landed for <HI>Cairo,</HI> famous for its founder <HI>Alexander</HI> the Great, and for the Monument and Tomb of
<PB N="81" REF="47"> red Marble of its beautifier, <HI>Pompey</HI> the great, likewi&s;e, and for its new Ca&s;tle built &s;ince by the Turks, being their onely Empo|rium or &s;cale of Trade in <HI>E|gypt.</HI></P>
<P><LABEL>The de|&s;cription of <HI>Arabia.</HI></LABEL> <HI>ARABIA TRIPLEX.</HI> The three <HI>Arabias,</HI> are likewi&s;e parcel of this Empire, which is a marvel|lous great country, included be|tween two huge bo&s;omes of the Sea, in manner of a <HI>Penin&s;ula, viz.</HI> upon the We&s;t and Ea&s;t with the <HI>Arabian</HI> and <HI>Per&s;ian</HI> gulfs, upon the South with the Ocean, and up|on the North with <HI>Syria</HI> and <HI>Eu|phrates.</HI></P>
<P>The Inhabitants are indifferently called <HI>Arabians, Saracens,</HI> or <HI>Moors:</HI> Tho&s;e are the true <HI>Arabians</HI> which live out of Cities in Tents, di&s;|per&s;ed over <HI>Syria, Egypt,</HI> and <HI>Afrike,</HI> the&s;e give them&s;elves to feed Cattel, and droves of Ca|mels. Tho&s;e which inhabit Cities, are called <HI>Moors,</HI> and were once
<PB N="82" REF="48"> of &s;uch pui&s;&s;ance, that they not onely &s;ubdued <HI>Syria, Per&s;ia,</HI> and <HI>Trogladitica,</HI> but likewi&s;e <HI>Egypt,</HI> a great part of <HI>Africk,</HI> and almo&s;t all <HI>Spain,</HI> with the I&s;land of <HI>Sicily,</HI> and the Kingdom of <HI>Naples.</HI></P>
<P>Two hundred years they kept po&s;&s;e&s;&s;ion of the&s;e peeces, but of &s;ome part of <HI>Spain</HI> &s;even hun|dred, even until the days of our Fathers. And further, this accur&s;ed generation at this day is not onely &s;pread over all the Southern coa&s;t of <HI>A&s;ia: viz. Per&s;ia, Ea&s;t-India,</HI> and the I&s;lands of the <HI>Indian</HI> Sea, but likewi&s;e advanced with great pro&s;perity unto divers wealthy Kingdoms, famous Cities, and worthy Mart-towns, over all the South Coa&s;t of <HI>Africk:</HI> under this people the <HI>Turks</HI> were fir&s;t called into <HI>A&s;ia</HI> to bear Arms, and from whence i&s;&s;ued out the &s;warm of this Locu&s;t <HI>Mahomet.</HI> The Divi|&s;ion is as followeth, fir&s;t</P>
<P><LABEL>The di|<GAP DESC="illegible" REASON="left margin cropped or obscured" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1+ letters">i&s;ion of <GAP DESC="illegible" REASON="left margin cropped or obscured" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1+ letters"></LABEL><HI>ARABIA DESERTA.</HI> This is a va&s;t Country, full of De&s;erts,
<PB N="83" REF="48"> yet well inhabited with populous and warlike multitudes, e&s;pecially toward <HI>Euphrates,</HI> and the moun|tains of <HI>Arabia Felix,</HI> whether Merchants re&s;ort. The re&s;idue towards the We&s;t is &s;andy, by which if a man be to travel, he mu&s;t have the &s;tars for his guide, company for his &s;afeguard, and provi&s;ion for his diet, for other|wi&s;e he &s;hall lo&s;e his way, or &s;ur|render his goods to the Theevi&s;h <HI>Arabs,</HI> or &s;tarve in the De&s;ert for want of food.</P>
<P>ARABIA PETREA. Towards <HI>Syria</HI> this is &s;omewhat fertile, but &s;mally commended for that pro|perty by the Auncients: For in|deed it is exceeding barren, and wanteth nece&s;&s;ary &s;u&s;tenance, wood and fre&s;h water. The memorable things herein are the Mountains at <HI>Synay</HI> and <HI>Oreb,</HI> upon the former whereof, is at this day builded a Mona&s;tery of Chri&s;tians, following the Greek
<PB N="84" REF="49"> Church, and the onely receptacle or Inn for wayfaring Chri&s;tians: other place of releif is there none.</P>
<P>ARABIA FELIX is a very large province, better manured and wa|tered then the other. It is adorned with noble Cities, and full of Vil|lages, e&s;pecially toward the Sea &s;ide, where are many excellent places of trade. The re&s;idue except the Sand, is made manu|rable, either for feeding of Cattle or Camels, in which places live infinite &s;warms of divers Nati|ons, by Grazing and Husban|dry.</P>
<P><LABEL><GAP DESC="illegible" REASON="left margin cropped or obscured" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1+ letters">s Hi&s;to|<GAP DESC="illegible" REASON="left margin cropped or obscured" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1+ letters">y.</LABEL><HI>Arabia Petrea</HI> and <HI>De&s;erta,</HI> were &s;ubdued by the <HI>Turks</HI> upon their fir&s;t Conque&s;t of <HI>Per&s;ia,</HI> in the ri&s;e of their greatne&s;s, but recovered by the <HI>Mamalukes,</HI> who&s;e fortune they followed to the fatal period made by <HI>Selymus</HI> the fir&s;t, when in his expedition to <HI>Egypt</HI> they more annoyed him by falling in his
<PB N="85" REF="49"> Rear, and terrified him in their night alarums, then all the Forces of their <HI>Mamaluke</HI> Ma&s;ters in the field; which deciding the Title to <HI>Egypt</HI> included &s;oon after the Do|minion of tho&s;e Countrys, the Chiefs thereof being gained by money and promi&s;e of prefer|ment, who yet neverthele&s;s con|tinue their petty Soveraignties, and rob and &s;teal upon their own account, making no di&s;tinction betwixt Turk and Chri&s;tian.</P>
<P>As for <HI>Arabia Faelix</HI> it continu|ed unconquered, till the <HI>Turks</HI> and <HI>Portugals</HI> quarrelled about it in 1538. when <HI>Solyman</HI> Ba&s;&s;a &s;ent with a Fleet into the red Sea to main|tain the Trade thereof, and to re|pre&s;s the <HI>Per&s;ians,</HI> a&s;&s;i&s;ted by the &s;aid Portugals, in&s;tead of taking in, <HI>Diu,</HI> mo&s;t ba&s;ely &s;urprized <HI>Aden,</HI> one of the chiefe&s;t Ports, when under colour of a friendly invitati|on, he had got the King thereof on board, where he hanged him, as he did the like to <HI>Zibel</HI> (and the
<PB N="86" REF="50"> King thereof) the Port of <HI>Mecca;</HI> neverthele&s;s the Turks have but little command here, e&s;pecially in the more inland pa<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="MURP" EXTENT="1 letter">ts, and to|wards the <HI>Per&s;ian</HI> Gulf, where a <HI>Turk</HI> is generally hated and ab|horred.</P>
<P><LABEL><HI>A&s;&s;iria</HI> de&s;cribed.</LABEL><HI>ASSYRIA</HI> is bounded on the Ea&s;t with <HI>Media,</HI> We&s;t with <HI>Me&s;opo|tamia,</HI> South with <HI>Su&s;iana,</HI> and North with part of <HI>Turcomania,</HI> by the la&s;t name of it as allu|ding to its great Original, called by the Turks <HI>Arzyrum,</HI> and though formerly the terrible name of a mighty Empire, and the fir&s;t of the four, is now a mean Province of the Grand Seigniors Dominion: <LABEL><GAP DESC="illegible" REASON="left margin cropped or obscured" RESP="MURP" EXTENT="1+ letters">inivie.</LABEL> in it was once &s;eated the famous City of <HI>Nineve</HI> mentioned in Scripture, but the name and me|mory of it is now lo&s;t, only it is &s;uppo&s;ed that Mo&s;ul &s;eated on the <HI>Tygris,</HI> and inhabited with a number of <HI>Ne&s;torian</HI> Chri&s;tians is ri&s;en out of its ruines. The Ba&s;&s;a of <HI>Arzyrum,</HI> the chief and
<PB N="87" REF="50"> &s;tronge&s;t place in this Province, hath ten thou&s;and <HI>Timariots</HI> un|der his Command to defend this Country, and to be ready for any other &s;ervice.</P>
<P><HI>MESOPOTAMIA</HI> is bounded on the South with <HI>Arabia De&s;erta,</HI> from which it is parted with the bending of <HI>Euphrates,</HI> on the Ea&s;t with the River <HI>Tygris</HI> &amp; <HI>A&s;&s;yria,</HI> on the We&s;t with <HI>Syria,</HI> on the North with Mount <HI>Taurus,</HI> and <HI>Arme|nia Major,</HI> it is memorable for very little of modern note, the people prone to &s;lavery, and ac|cept of any Ma&s;ter that can win and wear them.</P>
<P><HI>CHALDEA</HI> bounded on the Ea&s;t with <HI>Su&s;iana</HI> a Province of <HI>Per&s;ia,</HI> on the We&s;t with <HI>Arabia De|&s;erta,</HI> on the <HI>North</HI> with <HI>Me&s;o|potamia,</HI> and on the South with the <HI>Per&s;ian Bay,</HI> and the re&s;t of the <HI>De&s;erta.</HI> As to the account hereof we &s;hall confine our view to <HI>Baby|lon,</HI>
<PB N="88" REF="51">
<LABEL><HI>Babylon</HI> de&s;cribed.</LABEL> enlarged by <HI>Nebuchadnezzer,</HI> once accounted one of the worlds nine wonders, but &s;ince dwindled into oblivion, but recovered by the name fir&s;t of <HI>Seleucia,</HI> and now of <HI>Bagdat:</HI> it was taken from the <HI>Per&s;ians</HI> by <HI>Solyman</HI> the Magnifi|cent, and recovered from them un|der <HI>Sophy Abbas</HI> in 1625. and re|taken from them by the noble and glorious <HI>Sultan Morat</HI> in 1640. when he intended to bury the name of the <HI>Janizaries</HI> in the rubbi&s;h of it, but left his own bones there like another <HI>Alexander:</HI> but the &s;ame vici&s;&s;itude hath again re&s;tored it to this pre&s;ent Sophy; the people of tho&s;e Regions as washinted be|fore, being patient and regardle&s;s of any power or Government what|&s;oever, as &s;ure to &s;uffer no wor&s;e, nor having ever experienced better.</P>
<P><LABEL><GAP DESC="illegible" REASON="left margin cropped or obscured" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1+ letters">urcoma|<GAP DESC="illegible" REASON="left margin cropped or obscured" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1+ letters">ia.</LABEL> TURCOMANIA (of which &s;ome thing more largely for the quality of the place) is bounded on the North with part of <HI>Tartary,</HI> upon the We&s;t with the <HI>Euxine</HI> Sea, <HI>Cap|padocia</HI>
<PB N="89" REF="51"> and <HI>Armenia Minor,</HI> on the Ea&s;t with <HI>Media</HI> and the <HI>Ca&s;pian</HI> Sea, and on the South with <HI>Me|&s;opotamia</HI> and <HI>A&s;&s;yria,</HI> it is called <HI>Turcomania</HI> from the Turks, who from hence made their fir&s;t fortu|nate expedition and irruption to the conque&s;t of <HI>Per&s;ia,</HI> and &s;pread them&s;elves afterwards into other Regions. The Inhabitants are now generally Chri&s;tians, pri|viledged by <HI>Mahomet</HI> the Great, and &s;peak a language of their own, yet are their manners ve|ry barbarous, given much to Tillage, and very indu&s;trious; they are of late well &s;een in Ma|nufactures, e&s;pecially in rich Ta|pe&s;tries, Grograins, and watered and unwatered Chamlets, with which they Traffick in all places of Turkey.</P>
<P><LABEL>Armenia Major.</LABEL>The chief Provinces of this Ter|ritory, are <HI>Armenia Major,</HI> con|quered by <HI>Selymus</HI> the fir&s;t in 1515. after the fatal <HI>Calderan</HI> field, the day whereof was cal|led
<PB N="90" REF="52"> by the Turks Dooms-day, again&s;t <HI>Hi&s;mael</HI> the <HI>Per&s;ian Sophy,</HI><LABEL>The <HI>Chal|dean</HI> fields</LABEL> who&s;e Predece&s;&s;or <HI>&V;&s;&s;an Ca&s;&s;an</HI> took it from a Chri&s;tian Prince thereof; and fully &s;etled by <HI>Amurath</HI> the third, by the &s;trong Garri&s;on of <HI>Van.</HI> 2. <HI>Colchis,</HI> reduced by <HI>&V;luzales</HI> the famous <HI>Turki&s;h</HI> Sea Captain, &s;ent into the <HI>Euxine</HI> Sea by <HI>Amurath</HI> in 1579. and made &s;ubject to a Beglerbeg. 3. <HI>Iberia</HI> with the re&s;t, formerly feudatory to the <HI>Grecian,</HI> as before to the <HI>Roman</HI> Empire, by the &s;ame <HI>Amurath</HI> (who pur&s;ued his Father <HI>Solymans</HI> de&s;ign) was partly united to his Scepter, but the <HI>Georgian</HI> Princes by the neer ayd of the <HI>Per&s;ians</HI> have yet a part. 4. <HI>Albania</HI> con|quered by the Great Cham of <HI>Tartary,</HI> but &s;ince blended with the other <HI>Georgians</HI> into Turki&s;h &s;lavery. This <HI>Turcomania,</HI> though it were the fir&s;t place of the Turks ex|traction, yet it was the la&s;t of their conque&s;t, b<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="MURP" EXTENT="1 letter">&s;ides that it is
<PB N="91" REF="52"> &s;trangely Chri&s;tian, and is the la&s;t Province that is a&s;&s;ured and &s;etled under their Dominion.</P>
<P><LABEL><HI>Georgia</HI> de&s;cribed.</LABEL>GEORGIA, by the <HI>Barbarians</HI> tearmed <HI>Gurgi&s;tan,</HI> comprehendeth part of the ancient <HI>Iberia,</HI> with part of the great <HI>Armeny,</HI> and peradventure <HI>Atrapatia.</HI> Upon the We&s;t lyeth <HI>Mengrelia,</HI> upon the North <HI>Zuiria</HI> (once <HI>Albania</HI>) up|on the Ea&s;t the middle <HI>Atropatia</HI> (now <HI>Sirvan</HI>) upon the South that part of the greater <HI>Armenia,</HI> which now is called <HI>Turcoma|nia.</HI></P>
<P>For the greater part it is cove|red with Mountains, Woods, and Thickets, and in that regard inconquerable, for the difficul|ties of the Mountanous pa&s;&s;ages. It is notwith&s;tanding fertile, and adorned with many large places and villages, from whence ari&s;e many famous Rivers, as <HI>Cirus</HI> and <HI>Araxis,</HI> &s;pringing from the Mountain <HI>Taurus,</HI> and running thorough the whole Province, un|til
<PB N="92" REF="53"> at la&s;t, it di&s;gorge it &s;elf into the <HI>Ca&s;pian</HI> Sea.</P>
<P>The Inhabitants are tearmed <HI>Georgians,</HI> of St. <HI>George,</HI> whom they advow their patron and advocate. For they are Chri&s;ti|ans according to the Greek Church, with &s;ome &s;mall diffe|rence. They are very populous and warlike, &s;trong of body, and valorous in fight, even until our times maintaining their liberty in the mid&s;t of the Mahumetans, &s;ometimes following the fortunes of the Turks, &s;ometimes of the <HI>Per&s;ians.</HI> But at this day, they have not onely lo&s;t their wonted liberty, but al&s;o many Fortre&s;&s;es and Cities, as <HI>Teflis, Lori, Cli&s;ca, Gori,</HI> and <HI>Tomanis,</HI> and withal &s;ome of them have imbraced the Turki&s;h infidelity.</P>
<P><LABEL>The City <GAP DESC="illegible" REASON="left margin cropped or obscured" RESP="MURP" EXTENT="1+ letters">f <HI>Tauris.</HI></LABEL>I mu&s;t here in&s;ert the noble City of <HI>Tauris</HI> in <HI>Media,</HI> within that Province belonging to the <HI>Per&s;ian,</HI> being the utmo&s;t extent of the Turki&s;h Dominion Ea&s;tward, and
<PB N="93" REF="53"> the bound thereof, whither being arrived we will return back to <HI>Con&s;tantinople</HI> by the way of <HI>A&s;ia Minor,</HI> called <HI>Natolia,</HI> and after this &s;pacious perambulation, &s;it down and compute in an intire &s;um, the whole extent of this Dominion, for the reader happily may be tyred with &s;o tedious a journey.</P>
<P><LABEL><HI>A&s;ia</HI> Mi|nor.</LABEL> <HI>NATOLIA.</HI> That which the Turks at this day term <HI>Natolia</HI> or <HI>Turcia Major,</HI> once <HI>A&s;ia Minor,</HI> comprehendeth the Provinces of <HI>Pontus, Bithinia, A&s;ia</HI> it &s;elf, <HI>Li|cia, Galacia, Pamphilia, Cappa|docia, Cilicia,</HI> and <HI>Armenia</HI> the le&s;s; and in the&s;e Provinces of antient times flori&s;hed the States and Kingdoms of the <HI>Troyans,</HI> of <HI>Methridates,</HI> of <HI>Cre&s;&s;us,</HI> of <HI>An|tigonus,</HI> of the <HI>Paphlagonians,</HI> of the <HI>Galathians,</HI> of the <HI>Capadoci|ans</HI> and <HI>Phrigians;</HI> All which at this day are not &s;ufficient to &s;atis|fie the &s;ingle ambition of the Turki&s;h Tyranny. The Inhabi|tants for the mo&s;t part are Ma|humetans,
<PB N="94" REF="54"> and naturally Turks, of &s;impler nature then the Turks of <HI>Europe,</HI> and nothing &s;o cruel as the <HI>Renegado</HI> Chri&s;tians. <LABEL>The con|dition of the peo|ple.</LABEL> Yet are there many Chri&s;tians among them in many of the&s;e Regions, following the Rites of the Greek Church. Among the&s;e Turks there is no acknowledgment of Superiority, Blood or Nobili|ty, but all are equal &s;laves to the Grand Signior, over whom he appointeth Beglerbegs and Sanjacks. They are either a kind of idle or lofty people, for they are &s;mally indu&s;trious, and were it not for their &s;laves, their grounds would generally lye un|manured.</P>
<P><LABEL>Its Can|tons.</LABEL> <HI>Pontus</HI> and <HI>Bithynia</HI> are now united under one name, and called <HI>Bur&s;ia.</HI> Here once raigned the Great King <HI>Methridates;</HI> and here &s;tood the Famous Ci|ties of <HI>Chalcedon, Nichomedia, Apamia, Pru&s;ia Nice,</HI> and <HI>Hera|clea Ponti.</HI></P>
<PB N="95" REF="54">
<P><HI>A&s;ia propria,</HI> now <HI>Sabrum,</HI> is a particular Province of <HI>A&s;ia minor,</HI> and containeth in it many famous Provinces, as <HI>Phrygia major,</HI> and <HI>minor, Caria, My&s;ia, &amp;c.</HI> in <HI>Phry|gia minor</HI> &s;tood that noble City of <HI>Troy,</HI> famous at this day (&s;aith <HI>Bel|lonius</HI>) an eye witne&s;s, for it is very ruines of walls, gates, cir|circuit and marble &s;epulchres, found upon the way without the walls.</P>
<P><HI>Pamphylia</HI> now <HI>Caramania,</HI> is one of the &s;even Sangiack-&s;hips, with 8000 ducats of yearly reve|nue, In this Country, as al&s;o in <HI>Cilicia,</HI> are woven tho&s;e fine cloaths which we call Chamblets, watered and unwatered. They are made of the hair of Goats, &s;o fine and white as no &s;ilk can &s;urpa&s;s them in tho&s;e two properties.</P>
<P><LABEL>The Em|pire of <HI>Trapezond.</HI></LABEL> <HI>Cappadocia</HI> now <HI>Ama&s;ia,</HI> is a goodly Country, and the &s;eat of the Turks elde&s;t Son. In it are many goodly Cities, as <HI>Trapezond</HI> once the &s;eat of the <HI>Commeni,</HI> Em|perors
<PB N="96" REF="55"> of <HI>Trapezond,</HI> who&s;e name and progeny, <HI>Mahumet</HI> the &s;econd utterly extingui&s;hed.</P>
<P><HI>Cilicia,</HI> now part of <HI>Carama|nia,</HI> is a good Country; the Inha|bitants are given to pa&s;turing of Goats for lucre of their fleece, of which they make their Chamblets; but otherwi&s;e neither given to fi&s;h|ing, Navigation nor Husbandry. At the foot of mount <HI>Taurus</HI> (&s;aith <HI>Bellonius</HI>) are divers &s;mall Villages, and excellent pa&s;tures a|bout them, which for the fertility thereof &s;hould &s;eem to be one of the Turks Races; for from thence he culleth out every year 600 hor&s;e of &s;ervice, which they high|ly e&s;teem, and name <HI>Carama|ni.</HI></P>
<P><HI>Armenia minor,</HI> is a better &s;oil, and more populous then <HI>Cappa|docia,</HI> round about incircled with tall, huge, broken and woody mountains. The&s;e Provinces are of <HI>Natolia,</HI> governed by a <HI>Beg|lerbeg,</HI> the cheif next to him of <HI>Ro|mania,</HI>
<PB N="97" REF="55"> but his forces are not e&s;tee|med &s;o much for their &s;ervice as the Europeans.</P>
<P>The whole is bounded on the Ea&s;t with the River <HI>Euphrates,</HI> by which it is parted from <HI>A&s;ia</HI> the Greater, on the We&s;t with the <HI>Thracian Bo&s;phorus</HI> and <HI>Helle&s;pont,</HI> by which divided from <HI>Europe,</HI> on the North with the <HI>Euxine</HI> Sea, and on the South by the <HI>Rhodian, Ly|dian,</HI> and <HI>Pamphilion</HI> Seas, &s;o that it is almo&s;t a demy I&s;land or Penin|&s;ula. <LABEL>The I&s;land <HI>Rhodes.</HI></LABEL> To omit for brevity &s;ake thr Provinces of the I&s;les, among which are reckoned as chief, <HI>Sa|mos, Lesbos, Tenedos,</HI> and prin|cipally <HI>Rhodes,</HI> an I&s;land an hun|dred and forty miles in compa&s;s, the City whereof, taken by <HI>Soly|man</HI> the magnificent on Chri&s;tma&s;s day 1522. is reputed one of the mo&s;t impregnable Fortre&s;&s;es the Turks po&s;&s;e&s;s, as is <HI>Famagu&s;ta</HI> in <HI>Cyprus.</HI> It is now inhabited by Turks and Jews which were bani&s;ht out of <HI>Spain.</HI></P>
<PB N="98" REF="56">
<P>As to the &s;tory of <HI>Anatolia,</HI> it chiefly depends upon the ruines of the two Empires of <HI>Con&s;tantinople</HI> and <HI>Trabezond,</HI> and the Kingdom of <HI>Caramania,</HI> &s;ubdued by <HI>Bajazet</HI> the &s;econd, &s;ince which time every parcel thereof became united to the <HI>Ottoman</HI> Dominions. It was once the mo&s;t flouri&s;hing part of the world, but hath lo&s;t &s;ince &s;ome few Centuries, no le&s;s then 4000. Cities, partly by earth-quakes, which are frequent here, and partly by the &s;loth and natural lazine&s;s of the Turks, who bu&s;ie them&s;elves in nothing but their lu&s;t and luxu|ry, &s;o that little Trade is &s;tirring here. But their Hor&s;e bred here retain their native excellency, and are reputed the be&s;t, the Europe|an Hor&s;e-men are likewi&s;e &s;o e&s;tee|med. And in the&s;e two con&s;i&s;t the chief power and &s;trength of the Turk.</P>
<P>So that we have &s;<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">en under the Empire of the Turk i<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> com<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="3 letters">+hended the better part of <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 word">
<PB N="99" REF="56"> antient threefold divi&s;ion of the earth, which we will recapitu|late and repeat for the Readers memory. <LABEL>The &s;um of the Turki&s;h dominions</LABEL> He holdeth in Europe the whole Sea coa&s;t, which from the borders of <HI>Epidaurus,</HI> &s;tretches it &s;elf to the mouth of <HI>Tanais:</HI> what&s;oever lyeth between <HI>Buda</HI> and <HI>Con&s;tantinople,</HI> and from the <HI>Euxine</HI> Sea to the banks of <HI>Savus,</HI> is his. In that perambulation is contained the greater part of <HI>Hun|gary</HI> all <HI>Bo&s;nia, Servia, Bulga|ria, Macedon, Epire, Greece, Pellopone&s;e, Thrace,</HI> and the <HI>Ar|chipelago</HI> with the I&s;lands. He hol|deth in <HI>A&s;ia</HI> and <HI>Africk,</HI> all that is between <HI>Velez de la Gomera</HI> and <HI>Alexandria</HI> in <HI>Aegypt,</HI> between <HI>Bugla</HI> and <HI>Guargula,</HI> between <HI>Alexandria</HI> and the City <HI>Siene;</HI> and from the City <HI>Suez</HI> as far as <HI>Swachen.</HI> The hugene&s;s of this territory may be imagined by the circuit of &s;ome of the parcels: <HI>Palus Meotis</HI> (wholly his) &s;preadeth it &s;elf a thou&s;and miles into the
<PB N="100" REF="57"> land; two thou&s;and and &s;even hundred miles do hardly incom|pa&s;s the <HI>Euxine</HI> Sea. The coa&s;t of the <HI>Mediterranean</HI> Sea (as much as is &s;ubject to him) contain|eth in circuit eight thou&s;and miles. <HI>Egypt</HI> wholly his, is e&s;teemed three thou&s;and and two hundred miles; &s;o far from <HI>Der|bent</HI> upon the <HI>Ca&s;pian</HI> Sea to <HI>Aden</HI> upon the Red Sea; and from <HI>Bal&s;ara</HI> upon the <HI>Per&s;ian</HI> Gulf to <HI>Treme&s;&s;en</HI> in <HI>Barbary,</HI> is accounted little le&s;s then four thou&s;and miles. In the Sea, he is Lord of the mo&s;t noble I&s;lands of <HI>Ciprus, Eubea, Rhodes, Samos, Chio, Lesbos,</HI> and many other in the <HI>Archipelago,</HI> of which before.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 N="2" TYPE="chapter">
<PB N="101" REF="57">
<HEAD><HI>CHAP. II.</HI> Tartaria Surveyed, with its Hi|&s;tory.</HEAD>
<P>HAving thus &s;urveyed the Turki&s;h Dominions, it will be an acceptable endeavour I pre&s;ume to give the Reader a little di&s;co|very of the <HI>Tartar</HI> and his Domi|nions, which are linked and joyn|ed by Religion and other com|pacts to the Grand Seigniors, be|cau&s;e this Nation hath been as yet much unknown to us.</P>
<P>TARTARIA is bounded on the Ea&s;t, with <HI>China,</HI> the <HI>Oriental</HI> Ocean, and the &s;treights of <HI>Anian</HI> (if &s;uch &s;treights there be) by which parted from <HI>America,</HI> on the We&s;t with <HI>Ru&s;&s;ia,</HI> and <HI>Podolia,</HI> a Province of the Realm of <HI>Poland;</HI> on the North with the main <HI>Scy|thick</HI> or <HI>Frozen</HI> Ocean; and on the South with part of <HI>China,</HI> from
<PB N="102" REF="58"> which &s;eparated by a mighty wall; the River <HI>Oxus</HI> parting it from <HI>Bactria</HI> and <HI>Margiana,</HI> two <HI>Per&s;i|an</HI> Provinces; the <HI>Ca&s;pian</HI> Sea, which &s;eparates it from <HI>Media,</HI> and <HI>Hyrcania;</HI> the <HI>Cauca&s;ian</HI> moun|tains interpo&s;ing betwixt it and <HI>Turcomania;</HI> and the <HI>Euxine,</HI> which divideth it from <HI>Anatolia</HI> and <HI>Thrace.</HI> So called from the <HI>Tar|tars,</HI> a pui&s;&s;ant and mighty people, now po&s;&s;e&s;&s;ed hereof.</P>
<P><LABEL><HI>Tartaria</HI> briefly de&s;cribed.</LABEL>It containeth all tho&s;e great and &s;pacious Provinces, which the An|cients called <HI>Seres, Scythia extra Imaum, Scythia intra Imaum, Saca, Sogdiana,</HI> the greate&s;t part of <HI>Sar|matia A&s;iatica,</HI> and part of <HI>Sar|matia Europaea;</HI> extending it &s;elf the whole length of <HI>A&s;ia,</HI> from the River <HI>Tanais,</HI> to the Ea&s;tern Ocean; taking in <HI>Taurica Cher&s;o|ne&s;us,</HI> and &s;ome other parts of Eu|rope al&s;o. So that if we mea&s;ure it by miles, it is &s;aid to contain 5400 from Ea&s;t to We&s;t, and 3600 from North to South; a greater
<PB N="103" REF="58"> quantity of ground then the Turk|i&s;h Empire, but of le&s;s fertility and account.</P>
<P><LABEL>The &s;mal<GAP DESC="illegible" REASON="right margin cropped or obscured" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1+ letters"> duration of the <HI>Tar+tars</HI> con|que&s;ts.</LABEL> This extent in ea&s;ier term<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> &s;tret|ched from the uttermo&s;t bounds of <HI>A&s;ia</HI> to <HI>Armenia,</HI> and from <HI>Ben|gala</HI> to <HI>Volga,</HI> yea their incur&s;ions peirced even to <HI>Nilus</HI> and <HI>Danu|bius.</HI> The <HI>Macedonian</HI> and Roman Empires were never &s;o large. But becau&s;e they were rather Runna|gates then men of War, wanting politick Government and Military Di&s;cipline, &s;ometime ruling one Province, &s;ometime another, they rather wrought &s;poil and terror to the conquered Nat<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="MURP" EXTENT="1 letter">ons, then fear of bondage and &s;ubjection, and at la&s;t &s;eated them&s;elves beyond the mountain <HI>Cauca&s;us.</HI> After it became divided into many Princi|palities, yet &s;o that the title and maje&s;ty of the Empire remained al|ways to the great <HI>Cham,</HI> who took the original of this name from the great <HI>Chingis,</HI> the founder of this Empire.</P>
<PB N="104" REF="59">
<P><LABEL><HI>Tartari|ans</HI> boun|ded and <HI>Crim Tar|tar</HI> hi&s;to|<GAP DESC="illegible" REASON="left margin cropped or obscured" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1+ letters">ified.</LABEL> But leaving the great Cham of the&s;e <HI>Tartars,</HI> the Succe&s;&s;ors of <HI>Tamerlane,</HI> to remoter affairs, &s;up|po&s;ed by very learned men to be but an imaginary Titulado, and the &s;hadow of the <HI>&s;hadow of &s;pi|rits,</HI> as they call their Emperor; our purpo&s;e obligeth us onely to an account of the <HI>Crim</HI> or <HI>Prae|copen&s;e Tartar,</HI> &s;o called from <HI>Prae|copia,</HI> a cheif town thereof. This Tartary is bounded on the Ea&s;t with the River <HI>Danais,</HI> now <HI>Don,</HI> on the We&s;t with the River <HI>Nieper</HI> once called <HI>Bory&s;thenes,</HI> by which it is parted from <HI>Podolia,</HI> on the North with part of <HI>Ru&s;&s;ia,</HI> and on the South with &s;ome part of the <HI>Euxine</HI> &s;ea, by which lie the <HI>Circa&s;|&s;ians,</HI> a &s;ort of warlike Chri&s;tians, who &s;ell their children to Maho|metans for to make Souldiers of them, &s;uch as were the Mamalukes, &s;uch now &s;ome of the Janizaries, and the Per&s;ian &s;tanding Ar|my.</P>
<P>The&s;e Tartars are good Souldi|ers
<PB N="105" REF="59"> for the mo&s;t part (as their fre|quent irruptions into Europe do &s;adly manife&s;t) e&s;pecially at Bow and Arrows, which they u&s;e as dextrou&s;ly as the <HI>Parthians;</HI> of late years they have been trained up to the Harquebuze, and the handling of a Scimetar. <LABEL>Their Di&s;cipline of the <HI>Tartari|ans.</HI></LABEL> They are not to be vanqui&s;hed but by death, as re&s;olute again&s;t capti|vity, the mi&s;ery whereof they know from their own cruelties, yet at home are they more civil to Chri&s;tians then abroad, for they have &s;ome honourable thoughts of our Saviour, more then other Mahometans, which hath invited many <HI>Greeks</HI> and <HI>Armenians</HI> to co|habit with them.</P>
<P>As to their modern Hi&s;tory, and for what relates to our purpo&s;e, we mu&s;t retro&s;pect to the raign of Mahomet the fir&s;t, the Turki&s;h Emperour when they grew at la&s;t of &s;o great power, by con|quering the <HI>A&s;iatick Tartars,</HI> which lay neere&s;t to them, that
<PB N="106" REF="60"> <HI>Mahomet</HI> the Great thought fit to keep them down before grown too &s;trong for him:<LABEL>The poli|cy of <HI>Ma|homet</HI> the great.</LABEL> and there|fore under colour of taking in the City of <HI>Capha,</HI> then po&s;&s;e&s;&s;ed by the <HI>Genoe&s;e,</HI> made him&s;elf Ma|&s;ter of the greate&s;t part of the <HI>Taurican Cher&s;one&s;e,</HI> and the port of <HI>Tanais;</HI> thereby commanding both <HI>Moeotis</HI> and the <HI>Euxine</HI> Sea.</P>
<P>In the time of <HI>Selymus</HI> the fir&s;t, who had Married the Daugh|ter of this <HI>Crim-Tartar</HI> (for &s;o they called him) and was aided by him with an Army of fifteen thou&s;and men again&s;t his father; the Turks and the&s;e Tartarians grew into a League. The chief conditions of it were, that the Tartar &s;hould aid the Turk upon all occa&s;ions, with &s;ixty thou&s;and Hor&s;e, that they &s;hould not make war with any of their Neigh|bours, (except the <HI>Mu&s;covite</HI>) without leave of the Turk; that they &s;hall pay yearly to the Grand
<PB N="107" REF="60"> Signiour in the way of Tribute, three hundred Chri&s;tians; that the new <HI>Cham,</HI> upon the death or depo&s;ition of his Predece&s;&s;or, &s;hall receive from the Great Turk a Royal Banner, in token of his Confirmation in that e&s;tate, that in reward of the&s;e &s;ervices, the Crim Tartar &s;hall have yearly from the Grand Seignior, five thou&s;and five hundred Ducats, in the way of pen&s;ion; and &s;ucceed finally in the Turki&s;h Empire, if the male i&s;&s;ue of the hou&s;e of <HI>Ot|toman</HI> &s;hould chance to fail. <LABEL>The con+dition be+tween the Turk an<GAP DESC="illegible" REASON="right margin cropped or obscured" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1+ letters"> the Tar|tar in point of &s;ucce&s;&s;ion</LABEL> Ac|cording unto this agreement the Tartars have been aiding to the Turks from time to time, again&s;t the <HI>Per&s;ians, Polanders, Hunga|rians, Moldavians,</HI> and indeed whom not; and that with great and pui&s;&s;ant Armies, the Great <HI>Cham</HI> &s;ometimes arming 150000. of his own Subjects (leaving but one man in an hou&s;e to attend their Cattel;) and &s;ometi<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters"> <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">d|ding five thou&s;and <HI>Circu&s;&s;ians</HI> and
<PB N="108" REF="61"> others of the <HI>A&s;ian Tartars.</HI></P>
<P><LABEL>The Turks dealing with them.</LABEL>Nothing &s;o punctual is the Turk, on his part to perform the con|tract; who not content to have the Tartar for his friend, or at the wor&s;t his Homager, hath of late times attempted to make him his &s;lave or va&s;&s;al. For <HI>Amurath</HI> the third, quarrelling, <HI>Mahomet</HI> the <HI>Crim-Tartar</HI> for a de&s;ign to inter|cept <HI>O&s;man Ba&s;&s;a,</HI> in his way from <HI>Per&s;ia</HI> to <HI>Con&s;tantinople,</HI> authorized the &s;ame <HI>O&s;man</HI> to war upon him: by whom the poor <HI>Crim</HI> and his two Sons, betrayed by &s;ome of his own Councellors (corrupted with Turki&s;h gold) were &s;trangled with a Bow&s;tring; <HI>I&s;lan</HI> a brother of the <HI>Crims,</HI> fir&s;t &s;worn a Va&s;&s;al to the <HI>Turk,</HI> put into the place, and over him a <HI>Turki&s;h Beglerbeg</HI> or <HI>Ba&s;&s;a,</HI> to command in cheif, What hopes he hath of &s;ucc eding in the <HI>Turki&s;h</HI> Empire, if the hou&s;e of <HI>Ot|toman</HI> &s;hould fail, hath been alrea|dy taken into con&s;ideration, in
<PB N="109" REF="61"> our di&s;cour&s;e upon that &s;ubject.</P>
<P><LABEL>His Reve+nue.</LABEL>What the <HI>Revenue</HI> of this Prince is, it is hard to &s;ay: his &s;ubjects have little money, and live mo&s;t upon the bartery of their Cattel. But be&s;ides what he hath in lands or Cu&s;tomes, and the 5500 <HI>Ducats</HI> yearly from the <HI>Turk,</HI> he hath the tenth of all the &s;poils which are got in the Wars, and a <HI>Checkine</HI> for ev|ry captive, for &s;ome, two or three, (who&s;oever taketh them) accord|ing unto their e&s;tates.</P>
<P>As for his powers what he can do in hor&s;e we have &s;een already; and as for foot, Ammunition, and other nece&s;&s;ary, he is &s;upplyed with them by the <HI>Turk,</HI> (who doth &s;ometime e&s;pou&s;e his quarrels;) by who&s;e a&s;&s;i&s;tance they have brought the <HI>Mo&s;covites</HI> to &s;ome ex|tremities.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 N="3" TYPE="chapter">
<PB N="110" REF="62">
<HEAD><HI>CHAP. III.</HI> Of the Life and Impo&s;ture of Mahomet.</HEAD>
<P>LIttle rea&s;on hath the world to admire at the impiety of men how execrable &s;oever, when it &s;hall be fully informed of the mo&s;t bla&s;phemous de&s;igns of this vile and leud Deceiver, who by his pro&s;perous and thriving delu&s;ions and abominations, hath given encouragement to &s;ucceeding and very modern times to practice and imitate his wicked example. Such a Mi&s;cellany of ab&s;urdities in mo|ral and religious concernments could indeed hardly have been imagined to have found any re|ception among rational creatures; but &s;uch was the force of his bold Athei&s;m, and his boa&s;ted familiari|ty with the Deity, and the plea|&s;ing in&s;inuations of his &s;en&s;ual and material Paradi&s;e, how in|congruou&s;ly
<PB N="111" REF="62"> &s;oever confounded in his In&s;titutions, be&s;ides the fine novelty thereof to a Pagan peo|ple, that without very much ado this Impo&s;tor quickly planted his opinions &s;o &s;trong, that they have taken &s;uch root and &s;pread &s;o uni|ver&s;ally, that one whole half of the habitable world to this day ad|heres to his doctrine.</P>
<P><LABEL><HI>Mahome<GAP DESC="illegible" REASON="right margin cropped or obscured" RESP="MURP" EXTENT="1+ letters"></HI> extracti<GAP DESC="illegible" REASON="right margin cropped or obscured" RESP="MURP" EXTENT="1+ letters"></LABEL>Mo&s;t Writers accord that <HI>Ma|homet,</HI> which name in the <HI>Arabick</HI> &s;ignifies <HI>Indignation</HI> or <HI>Fury,</HI> was the &s;on of <HI>Adalla</HI> a Merchant in <HI>Mecca,</HI> a City in <HI>Arabia Faelix</HI> but <HI>Jathrib</HI> an ob&s;cure Village there, is named for his extracti|on. His mother <HI>Hemina</HI> a Jew, and him&s;elf in <HI>Anno Dom.</HI> 571. born <HI>Po&s;thumus,</HI> though others &s;ay he was deprived of both his Parents at two years old, when a poor woman that laboured for her living bred him up, others &s;ay it was his Uncle; at &s;ixteen years of age he became a Merchants Bondman, his name <HI>Abdalmutalif,</HI>
<PB N="112" REF="63"> his Ma&s;ter, plea&s;ed with his wit and dexterity, made him his Factor: He dead, <HI>Mahomet</HI> being then twenty five years old, married his Mi&s;tris, and until the thirty eighth year of his age he indu&s;tri|ou&s;ly followed his trade of mer|chandize, avoiding no per&s;onal travel (as well in the Kingdoms of <HI>Egypt, Syria</HI> and <HI>Per&s;ia,</HI> as el&s;ewhere) where profit might ari&s;e. Being then &s;atisfied with wealth, and given to ea&s;e, he be|gan to think on higher things, whereof in his travels he had not been negligent, having been curi|ous to under&s;tand the Religion of the Jews and Chri&s;tians; which compared with the Idolatry wherein he was originally trained thirty years did work in him a&s;&s;urance that Pagani&s;m was the way of ignorance, but to whether of tho&s;e to incline, he &s;tood doubt|ful. At la&s;t falling in company with two Chri&s;tian Artificers in|habitants in <HI>Mecca,</HI> by conver&s;a|tion
<PB N="113" REF="63"> with them (who read the Old and New Te&s;tament unto him, for him&s;elf was unlettered) he pre|ferred Chri&s;tiani&s;m, and &s;eemed of opinion that thereby onely a man might attain unto &s;alvation, and accordingly he framed his life, which bred admiration in them that knew him, and gave him a greater reputation then he did expect.</P>
<P><LABEL><HI>M homet</HI> a&s;pire to the name of a Pro|phet.</LABEL> But this ha&s;ty &s;pring was quick|ly bla&s;ted; for the Devil, taking advantage by this his e&s;teem, en|flamed his heart with pride, which wrought in him a de&s;ire to be taken for a Prophet, thinking all other attributes of Religion and &s;anctity to be but vile and ba&s;e: To a&s;pire unto that opinion he embraced a &s;olitary life, retyring to a Cave in the Mountains, where he lived free from the ordinary conver&s;ation of men; repaired &s;eldom to his own home, and his &s;peeches (mixt with gravity and holine&s;s teaching good life, and beating down Idolatry) moved, not onely &s;uch as &s;aw him
<PB N="114" REF="64"> to admire, but the re&s;t al&s;o (that heard by other mens ears) held him to be a Saint. <LABEL><HI>Mahomet</HI> troubled with the Falling &s;ickne&s;s.</LABEL> To increa&s;e this opi|nion of &s;anctimony, of the falling &s;ickne&s;s (wherewith he was afflict|ed) he made good u&s;e; for he gave it out (when he fell into his fits incident to that di&s;ea&s;e) that he conferred with the Angel <HI>Gabriel,</HI> by whom the plea&s;ure of God was revealed unto him, and that his trance proceeded through the weakne&s;s of his earthly Carca&s;e, that was a&s;toni&s;hed at the Divine pre&s;ence of the Heavenly Amba&s;|&s;adour. To pa&s;s by the vulgar &s;tory of his pedigree.</P>
<P>Grown now famous, he thought it nece&s;&s;ary to divulge into the world &s;ome works in writing, whereby his name might encrea&s;e; His be&s;t help was a Jew Scribe, who for want of a better Scholar he en|tertained; but &s;hortly after, his Ma&s;ter the Devil (the Church of Chri&s;t then labouring with the &s;ickne&s;s of many Here&s;ies) pro|cured
<PB N="115" REF="64"> the acquaintance of a Chri|&s;tian called <HI>Sergius</HI> born in <HI>Alex|andria,</HI> <LABEL>The <HI>Monk S<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="MURP" EXTENT="1 letter">rgius</HI> his Coadjutor</LABEL> by profe&s;&s;ion a Monk, and by infection a Ne&s;torian, witty, eloquent and learned, who (having mi&s;t of &s;ome Eccle&s;ia&s;tical prefer|ment which in his opinion he had de&s;erved) full of de&s;pight and re|venge, in a devilli&s;h di&s;content, (having fled out of <HI>Syria</HI> into the hou&s;<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="MURP" EXTENT="1 letter"> of <HI>Mahomets</HI> Ma&s;ter) &s;ought as well to rai&s;e a &s;candal upon the Chri&s;tian Religion, as upon the profe&s;&s;ors thereof, the readie&s;t way to kindle this fire, he found to be <HI>Mahomet;</HI> who (as is already &s;aid) had won &s;ome ex|traordinary opinion of &s;anctity. After &s;ome conference between them, the Jew for in&s;ufficiency was di&s;charged. <LABEL>His dam|nable ad|vice.</LABEL> <HI>Sergius</HI> being fully in|formed how <HI>Mahomet</HI> had hither|to proceeded, made him to un|der&s;tand how weakly and gro&s;ly he had erred in fundamental points nece&s;&s;ary for the advancement of a new Religion; and cunningly
<PB N="116" REF="65"> &s;hewed him, not only the means how to &s;mooth his pa&s;t errors without &s;candal, but to compo&s;e a new Treati&s;e, collected out of the Old and New Te&s;tament, united into &s;ome common principles with devi&s;ed additions of his own, to bring Chri&s;tans, Jews, and Gentiles under one profe&s;&s;ion, that &s;hould give credit to his Doctrine, and humour the hearers which being divulged among&s;t the Idolatrous people (who were ea&s;ily caught) &s;pread the poy&s;on it contained o|ver all the <HI>Arabies,</HI> but the wi&s;er &s;ort fearing (as they had cau&s;e) that the &s;etling of a new Religion, might al&s;o draw with it a new form of Government; oppo&s;ed them|&s;elves again&s;t it, calling <HI>Mahomet</HI> an Impo&s;ter, reproving his hypocri&s;ie, and taxing his &s;en&s;uality and drunkenne&s;s (of both which he was guilty) and &s;ent to apprehend him; whereof <HI>Mahomet</HI> from &s;ome of his friends in <HI>Mecca</HI> having notice left his Cave and fled to the De|&s;arts,
<PB N="117" REF="65"> <HI>Sergius</HI> in the mean time &s;ounding in the ears of the people his parts and piety (the &s;ixteenth of <HI>July</HI> 622. <LABEL>The <HI>He|gyra.</HI></LABEL> from which flight the Turks begin their computati|on of <HI>Hegyrathi</HI>) unto whom di|vers Noveli&s;ts re&s;orted; as al&s;o &s;uch as the E&s;tates had bani&s;hed for approving his late coyned tra&s;h: This &s;warm of Wa&s;ps be|ing &s;tirred, nothing but revenge could ea&s;e their hearts; <HI>Mahomet</HI> willingly taking the advantage there offered, enlarged his thoughts holding it now le&s;s difficil for him to gain a Kingdom, then the title of a Prophet, which he had ob|tained.</P>
<P>To make a &s;mooth way to his enterprize, by underhand means, he exa&s;pered the heady Noveli&s;ts (whereof there were many of wealth and e&s;timation) to be &s;en|&s;ible of their bani&s;hment, and to re|pair their wrongs by force; him|&s;elf r accounted unto them Revela|tions, which a&s;&s;ured him that God
<PB N="118" REF="66"> was di&s;plea&s;ed with the <HI>Meccans,</HI> for the rigorous pro&s;ecuting of him and his Sectaries; that God willed to cha&s;ti&s;e their Tyranny; of victory he was a&s;&s;ured: and who&s;oever of them dyed in that Holy War, his &s;oul &s;hould pre|&s;ently a&s;cend to Heaven: with the&s;e and &s;uch like motives,<LABEL>Mahomet <HI>takes</HI> Me|dina.</LABEL> the giddy people encouraged and &s;educed, elected <HI>Mahomet</HI> to be their chief, who (ordayning Offi|cers and Captains, and receiving an Oath of fidelity as well from them as from their troops) marched to the City of <HI>Medina,</HI> and though repul&s;ed at fir&s;t, (yet after a field fight with the &s;aid enemy, at a place called <HI>Bedez,</HI> often mentio|ned in the <HI>Alcoron,</HI> where he had the Victory) took it by force, the cau&s;e of his quarrel being pre|tended again&s;t the Jews Syna|gogue, which he converted into a Temple for his own abhominati|ons: This fir&s;t good fortune wrought the effect he de&s;ired, for
<PB N="119" REF="66"> in&s;tantly by his Army he was &s;alu|ted Calipha; which interpreted, is King, and becau&s;e his creation happened upon a Friday, that day was ordained by him to be their Sabboth.</P>
<P><LABEL>Takes <HI>Mecca.</HI></LABEL> His next conque&s;t was the City of <HI>Mecca,</HI> where he triumphed in the blood of his Neighbour Citi|zens, which was not &s;pared; and proclaimed death to all tho&s;e that did not embrace his Doctrine.</P>
<P><LABEL>Oppo&s;ed by the Nobles of <HI>Arabia.</HI></LABEL> The Princes and great men in <HI>Arabia</HI> (oppo&s;ite unto him) a&s;|&s;embled all their forces; <HI>Mahomet</HI> being too weak, was overthrown, wounded, and fled to <HI>Mecca;</HI> yet in the end (<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="MURP" EXTENT="1 letter">he war continu|ing) he prevailed, and reduced the three <HI>Arabies</HI> under his &s;ub|jection. Grown great and glori|ous with his Victories, (at that time the Emperor of <HI>Con&s;tan|tinople</HI> and King of <HI>Per&s;ia</HI> being men of weak and tame Spirits,) and a&s;&s;i&s;ted with the <HI>Saracens,</HI> who had been deceived and abu|&s;ed
<PB N="120" REF="67"> of their pay by <HI>Heraclius</HI> the Emperour, as al&s;o by <HI>Julian</HI> the Apo&s;tate, (f<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="MURP" EXTENT="1 letter">r Mahomets appea|rance was &s;ignalized with the con|temporary raign of that mi&s;cre|ant) <LABEL>His con|que&s;ts.</LABEL> he invaded their Domini|ons, and with a conquering &s;word triumphed over <HI>Syria,</HI> the City of <HI>Jeru&s;alem,</HI> the Kingdom of <HI>Me&s;o|potamia</HI> and <HI>Per&s;ia,</HI> the great City of <HI>Babylon,</HI> with other Ea&s;tern Provinces; of all which, as of the <HI>Arabies,</HI> he &s;tiled him&s;elf King. <LABEL>And re|tirement.</LABEL> Being now grown elder by his in|ordinate life, in the &s;tate of his body then in years, which exceeded not &s;ixty &s;even, full of glory, as well in regard of his large Em|pire, as in opinion of &s;anctity, in being e&s;teemed a Prophet, and weary with war, with a fained holine&s;s, he retired to <HI>Mecca,</HI> the Metropolis of his new Empire (under which mask he intended to take his ea&s;e) &s;eque&s;tred him|&s;elf from publique affairs, com|mitting the government of his
<PB N="121" REF="67"> e&s;tates to the Lieutenants, and within three years following, which was in <HI>Anno Dom.</HI> 631. the &s;ixtieth year of his Age, and the tenth of his reign he died; but others &s;ay in the &s;eventieth of his age, and the twenty third of his impo&s;tures, and that he died frantick:<LABEL><HI>Mahomet</HI> dies.</LABEL> Upon his death-bed he commended unto his principal Commanders, the care and u&s;e of his fanta&s;tical Law, a&s;&s;uring them that it was agreeable to the Will of God, and that &s;o long as they and their po|&s;terity &s;hould hold and maintain it, they &s;hould flouri&s;h. His dead body being kept four days in expectation of a re&s;urrection, which he promi&s;ed to perform in three, grown full of &s;tench and putrefaction, was carried by his &s;ucce&s;&s;ors, who pretended to be his Caliphs or Vicar Generals, to <HI>Medina,</HI> where it yet continues, but not drawn up to the roof of the Chappel by a Load-&s;tone, as is vulgarly fabled.</P>
<PB N="122" REF="68">
<P><LABEL><HI>Mahomet</HI> pretends di&s;cent from <HI>A|braham.</HI></LABEL> This fal&s;e Prophet and u&s;urping Prince, pretended paternally to di&s;cend from the Patiarch <HI>Abra|ham</HI> by his elde&s;t Son <HI>I&s;mael,</HI> and to avoid the infamy of an unlaw|ful bed, he affirmed that <HI>I&s;mael</HI> was the Son of <HI>Sara,</HI> not of the Bondwoman <HI>Agar,</HI> whereupon the <HI>Arabians</HI> (which is the undoubted name of that people) are by &s;ome writers (of <HI>I&s;mael</HI>) called <HI>I&s;ma|lites,</HI> and by others (of <HI>Agar) Agarens;</HI> And (of <HI>Sara) Sara|zens,</HI> but in this latter time they are di&s;tingui&s;hed by the name of <HI>Arabians, Moors,</HI> and <HI>Mahome|tans,</HI> the fir&s;t is proper onely to tho&s;e which inhabit in <HI>Arabia:</HI> the <HI>Moors</HI> are the Progeny of &s;uch <HI>Arabians</HI> as after their Conque&s;ts &s;eated them&s;elvs in that part of <HI>Affrica:</HI> the <HI>Mahometans</HI> is the general name of all Nations that profe&s;s <HI>Mahomet,</HI> as <HI>Turks, Tartars, Per&s;ians,</HI> &amp;c.</P>
<P>Of the &s;ucce&s;&s;ors of <HI>Mahomet</HI> until the year of our Lord 673.
<PB N="123" REF="68"> the writers vary in opinion, both in name and number of the Ca|liphs, and in the years of their reigns: the rea&s;on that begat their errors proceeded from the di&s;&s;en|tion that happened (about the &s;ucce&s;&s;ion) among&s;t <HI>Mahomets</HI> Kin&s;men, evermore Anti-Caliphs &s;tarting up with pretended Titles in oppo&s;ition to him that had the Diadem; whereof &s;ome were mur|thered and others depo&s;ed, &s;o as the writers either out of igno|rance (not able to di&s;cern the truth, or wilfully partial) have erred. Notwith&s;tanding their civil tumults they kept <HI>Mahomets</HI> Domi|nions, and inherited his fortunes, for every of them added &s;omwhat to his Monarchie, whereby they became fearful to the world, and potent in <HI>A&s;ia, Affrica,</HI> and <HI>Eu|rope.</HI></P>
<P>The fourth Caliph (agreed upon by Hi&s;toriographers) was called <HI>Aozman</HI> or <HI>Azman,</HI> Husband to <HI>Mahomets</HI> Daughter, who per|ceiving
<PB N="124" REF="69"> (that in this up&s;tart Reli|gion) Schi&s;ms and diver&s;ities of opinions began to ri&s;e, by the help of his Wifes Mother recovered <HI>Mahomets</HI> papers wherein his Law was written, which with &s;ome additions of his own he cau&s;ed to be dige&s;ted into one volume, con|taining four books, divided into 124. Chapters, and called it the <HI>Al|coran;</HI> that is to &s;ay, the <HI>Collecti|on of Precepts:</HI> the Original where|of they feign to be written in a Table which is kept in Heaven, and the Copy of it brought to <HI>Maho|met</HI> by the Angel <HI>Gabriel</HI> by his mi&s;|take, &s;ay the <HI>Per&s;ians,</HI> but for <HI>Ma|homets</HI> vertue, approved by God.<LABEL>The e|&s;teem of the Al|choran.</LABEL> A Book &s;o highly reverenced by the <HI>Mahometans,</HI> that they write upon the Cover of it, <HI>let none touch this but he that is clean;</HI> Comman|ding expre&s;ly upon pain of death, that that book, and that onely, &s;hould be received as <HI>Canonical,</HI> through his Dominions. The whole body of it is but an Expo|&s;ition
<PB N="125" REF="69"> and glo&s;s on the&s;e eight Commandements.</P>
<P N="1">1. <HI>Every one ought to believe that God is a great God, and one onely God, and</HI> Mahomet <HI>is his Pro|phet.</HI><LABEL>The<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="MURP" EXTENT="1 letter">r opinion concer|ning Chri&s;t.</LABEL> They hold <HI>Abraham</HI> to be the <HI>Friend</HI> of God; <HI>Mo&s;es</HI> the <HI>Me&s;&s;enger</HI> of God; and <HI>Chri&s;t</HI> the <HI>Breath</HI> of God, whom they deny to be conceived by the <HI>Holy Gho&s;t,</HI> affirming that the Virgin <HI>Mary</HI> grew with Child of him by &s;melling to a Ro&s;e, and was delivered of him at her brea&s;ts. They deny the my&s;tery of the Trinity, but puni&s;h &s;uch as &s;peak again&s;t <HI>Chri&s;t;</HI> who&s;e Religion was not (&s;ay they) taken away, but mended by <HI>Mahomet.</HI> And he who in his pilgrimage to <HI>Mecca,</HI> doth not comming or go|ing, vi&s;it the Sepulchre of <HI>Chri&s;t,</HI> is reputed not to have <HI>merited,</HI> or bettered him&s;elf any thing by his journey.</P>
<P N="2">2. <HI>Every man mu&s;t marry to in|crea&s;e the Sectaries of Mahomet.</HI> Four Wives he alloweth to every
<PB N="126" REF="70"> man, and as many Concubines as he will, between whom the Hus|band &s;etteth no difference, either in affection or apparel, but that his Wives onely can enjoy his <HI>Sab|baths</HI> benevolence. The women are not admitted in the time of their lives to come into their Churches; nor after death to Paradi&s;e.</P>
<P N="3">3. <HI>Every one mu&s;t give of his wealth to the poor.</HI> Hence you &s;hall have &s;ome buy &s;laves, and then manumit them; buy birds and then let them fly. They u&s;e com|monly to free Pri&s;oners, relea&s;e Bond-&s;laves, build canes or lodg|ings in the ways for the relief of Pa&s;&s;engers, repair bridges, and mend High-ways.</P>
<P N="4">4. <HI>Eve<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="MURP" EXTENT="1 letter">y one mu&s;t make his prayers five times a day.</HI> When they pray they turn their bodies toward <HI>Mecca,</HI> but their faces &s;ometimes one way, &s;ometimes another way, beleiving that <HI>Mahomet</HI> &s;hall come behind them, being at their devotions. And tho&s;e which
<PB N="127" REF="70"> canno<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="MURP" EXTENT="1 letter"> come, mu&s;t when they hear the voice of the Cryars, fall down in the place where they are, do their devotions, and ki&s;s the ground thrice.</P>
<P N="5">5. <HI>Every man mu&s;t keep a Lent one moneth in a year.</HI> This Lent is called <HI>Ramazan,</HI> in which they &s;uppo&s;e the <HI>Alcoran</HI> was given unto <HI>Mahomet</HI> by the Angel <HI>Gabriel.</HI> This fa&s;t is onely intended in the day time, the law giving leave to frolick it in the night, as they be&s;t plea&s;e, &s;o they ab&s;tain from Wine and Swines fle&s;h.</P>
<P N="6"><LABEL><HI>Turks</HI> un|natural to their Pa|rents.</LABEL>6. <HI>Be obedient to thy Parents.</HI> Which Law is the mo&s;t neglected of any in all the <HI>Alcoran:</HI> never any children being &s;o unnatural as the Turki&s;h.</P>
<P N="7">7. <HI>Thou &s;halt not kill.</HI> And this they keep inviolated among them&s;elves, but the poor Chri|&s;tians are &s;ure to feel the &s;mart of their fury. And as if by this law the actual &s;hedding of blood onely were prohibited, they have inven|ted
<PB N="128" REF="71"> puni&s;hments for their offen|ders, wor&s;e then death it &s;elf.</P>
<P N="8">8. <HI>Do unto others, as thou wold&s;t be done unto thy &s;elf.</HI><LABEL>The <HI>Turks</HI> Paradi&s;e.</LABEL> To tho&s;e that keep the&s;e Laws he promi&s;eth Pa|radi&s;e, a place of all delights, adorned with flowery fields, wa|tered with Chry&s;talline Rivers, beautified with trees of Gold; under who&s;e cool &s;hade they &s;hall &s;pend their time with amorous Virgins, who&s;e man&s;ion &s;hall no<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="MURP" EXTENT="1 letter"> be far di&s;tant. The men &s;hall ne|ver exceed the age of thirty, nor the women of fifteen; and tho&s;e to have their virginities renewed as fa&s;t as lo&s;t.</P>
<P>He taught too, that at the end of the world, all men that pro|fe&s;&s;ed any &s;uch Religion, &s;hould go into <HI>Paradi&s;e;</HI> the <HI>Jews</HI> under the Banner of <HI>Mo&s;es;</HI> the <HI>Chri|&s;tians</HI> under the Banner of <HI>Chri&s;t;</HI> and the <HI>Saracens</HI> under the Banner of <HI>Mahomet.</HI> They compel no man therefore to abjure the faith
<PB N="129" REF="71"> in which he was born, but com|mend and approve &s;ecretly &s;uch as they find zealous and con&s;tant in their own Religion; yet hold it an e&s;pecial honour to have daily new <HI>Pro&s;elytes,</HI> they incite them by hope of freedom and preferment, which with many are motives too much prevailing.</P>
<P><LABEL>Their ab&s;urd conceits of doom&s;+day</LABEL> The opinions which they hold concerning the end of the world, are very ridiculous; as that at the winding of a horn, not all fle&s;h onely, but the Angels them&s;elves &s;hall dye, that the earth with an Earthquake &s;hall be kneeded to|gether like a lump of Dough; that a &s;econd bla&s;t of the &s;ame horn &s;hall after forty days re&s;tore all again; that <HI>Cain</HI> &s;hall be Cap|tain or Ring-leader of the dam|ned, who &s;hall have the counte|nance of Dogs and &s;wine; that they &s;hall pa&s;s over the bridge of Ju&s;tice, laden with their &s;ins in &s;atchels; that the great &s;inners &s;hall fall into Hell, the le&s;&s;er in|to
<PB N="130" REF="72"> Purgatory onely; with a thou|&s;and of the like fopperies, which it is needle&s;s to add here, con&s;ide|ring that the <HI>Alcoran</HI> it &s;elf is now extant in Engli&s;h, and every one that li&s;ts may read it.</P>
<P>I need not engage further in an account of his Doctrine, and pre|tended &s;ucce&s;&s;ors. But having &s;hown you the Original and Au|thor of this Dominion, and how gained, and by what art enlarged into that bulk, and by force wre&s;ted from other Princes, (<HI>Mahomet</HI> pre|tending for his injurious inva&s;ions, the directions of God, who &s;eeing his Law delivered by <HI>Mo&s;es</HI> and <HI>Chri&s;t</HI> to have been de&s;pi&s;ed, becau&s;e of the weak a&s;&s;ertion thereof, would have them planted now by the Sword) we will next &s;ee by what means they are yet kept and maintained, and are like to be in|crea&s;ed, namely by power, and the &s;ame militaty Maximes. <HI>Imperi|um ii&s;dem Artibus facile retinetur quibus acquiritur.</HI></P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 N="4" TYPE="chapter">
<PB N="131" REF="72">
<HEAD><HI>CHAP. IV.</HI> Of their Militia.</HEAD>
<P><LABEL>The In|fantry.</LABEL> THeir Infantry con&s;i&s;ts of two &s;orts, Fir&s;t, &s;uch as are levyed upon particular Cities, more or le&s;s according to the nature of the Ex|pedition, and proportionable to their abilities, from whence many Chri&s;tians are frequently &s;ent, both Turks and Chri&s;tians well cloathed and armed, and exerci&s;ed a moneth before they march without the Cities where they are rai&s;ed: The &s;econd the <HI>Janizaries,</HI> who make 50000, which are Chri&s;tian Chil|dren taken from the Northern parts of <HI>Europe,</HI> and entred into the Grand Seigniors books, and bred in the Seraglio and other pla|ces as common &s;ervants till twen|ty two years old, and then are mu&s;tered and di&s;ciplined for &s;er|vice
<PB N="132" REF="73"> (but now Turks are li&s;ted a|mong them very frequently) the&s;e are the flower of the Army, and are never disbanded, but when old, are put into Garri&s;on. <LABEL>Their Cavalry.</LABEL> The hor&s;e con&s;i&s;t of the Spahioglans, who&s;e ju&s;t number is 32000, and are the con&s;tant guard of the Em|perors per&s;on at home and abroad; and the <HI>Timariots,</HI> who hold lands by &s;erving the Sultan in his Wars, and according to the value of their Timarr or Farm &s;ending three, four or &s;ix hor&s;es, but not all for &s;ervice, their total number with the Tartar, who&s;e aid of 60000 hor&s;e is always to be in a readine&s;s may be 300000. of which number the Kingdom of <HI>Algeir</HI> affords 40000 that of <HI>Tunis</HI> 30000. <HI>Tri|poli</HI> 10000. we may not reckon proportionably, &s;o with the other Provinces, becau&s;e Hor&s;e are here in abundance.</P>
<P>When a War is proclaimed, and a general Rendezvous appointed, the &s;everal Ba&s;&s;a's and Gover|ours
<PB N="133" REF="73"> of Provinces draw their for|ces together, &s;ommoning the Ti|mariots to do their &s;ervice afore|&s;aid, but many of them with &s;ome Janizaries and Voluntiers have leave to march before to the &s;aid Rendezvous.<LABEL>The <HI>Tur<GAP DESC="illegible" REASON="right margin cropped or obscured" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1+ letters"></HI> di&s;ciplin<GAP DESC="illegible" REASON="right margin cropped or obscured" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1+ letters"> in marc<GAP DESC="illegible" REASON="right margin cropped or obscured" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1+ letters">+ing.</LABEL> When the&s;e Ba|&s;haws begin their march, publick proclamation is made to hang all &s;uch Janizaries as &s;hall be found behinde tho&s;e Forces upon their march; when they are rendezvou|zed, and upon the Expedition, the Ba&s;haws do not go all in company, but &s;etting forth about an hour one after another, draw out their Troops without confu&s;ion, not in any &s;trict order of Rank and File, as near no enemy.</P>
<P>Yet though there is not the di|&s;cipline of po&s;ture, their Officers commands are in all other things carefully obeyed; tis a wonder to &s;ee &s;uch a multitude, as common|ly they march with, &s;o clear of con|fu&s;ion, violence, want, &s;ickne&s;s or any other di&s;order, there being
<PB N="134" REF="74"> always plenty of good Bisket, Rice and Mutton carried with the Army.</P>
<P>The Ba&s;haws and great Com|manders have with them three or four&s;core Camels, be&s;ides &s;ix or &s;even&s;core Carts to carry the Bag|gage, and when the General takes hor&s;e, he hath five or &s;ix Coaches covered with cloath of Gold or rich Tape&s;try to carry his wives, &s;ome have with them twelve or &s;ixteen, the lea&s;t ten who when they enter the Coach, there are men placed on both &s;ides holding up a row of Tape&s;try to cover them from being &s;een by the peo|ple, although they were mufled af|ter the Turki&s;h manner that no|thing but their eyes appeared. <LABEL><GAP DESC="illegible" REASON="left margin cropped or obscured" RESP="MURP" EXTENT="1+ letters">e <HI>Turks</HI> <GAP DESC="illegible" REASON="left margin cropped or obscured" RESP="MURP" EXTENT="1+ letters">domy.</LABEL> Be|&s;ides the&s;e women, each Ba&s;haw hath as many or rather more pa|thick Boys which they u&s;e for So|domy, whom they prefer as the greater &s;atisfaction before their Wives, which are u&s;ed mo&s;tly to dre&s;s their meat, to wa&s;h, and
<PB N="135" REF="74"> for to hone&s;t their unnatural lu&s;t.</P>
<P>The Boys are generally of four|teen, ten or nine years old, and are u&s;ually clad in velvet or &s;carlet with gilt Scymetars, and bravely mounted with &s;umptuous furni|ture, to each of them a Souldier is appointed, who walks by his bridle for his &s;afety.</P>
<P>When the Prime Vizier departs upon any expedition out of <HI>Con|&s;tantinople,</HI> he wears in his Turbant a long broach Feather, which none but the Grand Signior u&s;ually wears be&s;ides him&s;elf, upon this onely occa&s;ion; He is accompanied on his way with all the Grandees of the Court, who pre&s;ent him with Gifts, as doth the Sultan him|&s;elf in ve&s;ts and &s;uch like commo|dities, to be&s;tow upon merit or other occa&s;ions for his Magnifi|cence. <LABEL>Their Military mu&s;ick.</LABEL> The martial mu&s;ick they have is none of the be&s;t, but will &s;erve &s;ufficiently to confound the &s;en&s;es, and deafen the ears to any
<PB N="136" REF="75"> other clamour, being a kind of hoar&s;e Kettle Drum, which with &s;ome bra&s;s di&s;hes and wind In&s;tru|ments, carried by fellows on Hor&s;e-back, ride a little before every great Commander, and noy&s;e along the journey. The great rendezvouz when he march|eth again&s;t Chri&s;tendom is always appointed in that fatal playn, of <HI>The&s;&s;aly</HI> famous for the battels of <HI>Phar&s;alia,</HI> between <HI>Pompey</HI> and <HI>Cae&s;ar,</HI> and <HI>Philippi</HI> between <HI>Augu&s;tus,</HI> and <HI>Ca&s;&s;ius,</HI> and <HI>Brutus,</HI> <LABEL><GAP DESC="illegible" REASON="left margin cropped or obscured" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1+ letters">heir <GAP DESC="illegible" REASON="left margin cropped or obscured" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1+ letters">rms.</LABEL> As for their armes which hath been touched before &s;omething more particularly is to be &s;aid of them. They differ from tho&s;e of the Eu|ropeans very much, yet their Harquebuze is &s;omething like our Caliver, their Scymetar a crooked flat back&s;word, good at Sea upon Boording, or among Ropes, but in field fight is much inferiour to the Rapier; but con&s;tant u&s;e (for it hath been always the Ea&s;tern weapon) gives them advantages,
<PB N="137" REF="75"> more then we can ward.</P>
<P>They u&s;e likewi&s;e an Iron Mace, either for &s;troke or hurle, and in this they have a peculiar excel|lence, being brought up in it from their youth. <LABEL>Bows and Arrows.</LABEL> Bows and Arrows are no le&s;s skilfully then frequent|ly u&s;ed, with which they do mo&s;t mi&s;chief, though the Arrows be no bigger then Childrens, but the &s;trength of their Bows doth the Execution. Be&s;ides the&s;e they car|ry other, almo&s;t all &s;orts of wea|pons with them, as they do the like when they travail, fir&s;t their Girdle is charged with three or four pi&s;tols, then on either &s;ide a knife as long as a mans arm, like a skean but not &s;o broad, with a|nother for ordinary u&s;es, tuckt to his coat, a Harquebuze on his Shoulder, on his thigh a Sy|mitar, on the one &s;ide of the Sad|dle Pummel a Petronel, on the other a &s;trange Sword, the blade being hollow and four&s;quare, by that either an Ax or an Hungarian
<PB N="138" REF="76"> Mace, or both, and at his back Bows and Arrows, &s;o that he looks like a Porcupine, with weapons in every part of his body. The great ordinance each Souldier carries in his pocket in peices to the field or Leagure, where it is ca&s;t.</P>
<P><LABEL>Their Quarters.</LABEL> As to their Quarters, which are always in the fields and the open Ayr, but what their Tents &s;ome|times defend, all the&s;e arms are fa&s;tned to their Bridles, which are embelli&s;hed with bra&s;s guilt bo&s;&s;es, and that is tied about the tree, or otherwi&s;e made &s;ure to the ground, where he re&s;ts, that being cared for, he &s;preads a Blanket, where|on he fir&s;t eats and then &s;leeps in his cloaths, with his Saddle for his Pillow; Armour they have not had long, but now they begin to u&s;e it frequently, the agility and celerity of men and hor&s;es in offen|ding, equalling the defen&s;ive part. To 3. Hor&s;emen a Wagon is allow|ed to carry their other nece&s;&s;aries.</P>
<P>When they approach an enemies
<PB N="139" REF="76"> Country, they march in Rank and file with wonderful exact order and &s;ilence, whereby commands are readily heard and obeyed; there being &s;evere puni&s;hment for them that by di&s;orderly and licencious behaviour, di&s;turbe their com|panies. <LABEL>Their provi&s;ion on their march.</LABEL> And for the bettter &s;ecu|rity of this di&s;cipline, and to pre|vent &s;tragling, they are always provided of Bisket, dry fle&s;h, and &s;tore of rice, with a &s;ort of cour&s;e butter, &s;o as in the greate&s;t de&s;o|late places and Countries, they have plenty of nece&s;&s;aries, which brings them in heart to the encounter.</P>
<P><LABEL>Their Battel.</LABEL> When they are neer an engage|ment, the hor&s;e (which is one of their chief Military politiques) encompa&s;s all their Infantry, ex|cept the Janizaries (who&s;e cou|rage and bravery they confide in) in the rear, in form of a half Moon or Cre&s;cent, which figure they e&s;teem propitious. Tho&s;e Hor&s;e have order not to meddle with the enemy, but onely to drive and ne|ce&s;&s;itate
<PB N="140" REF="77">
<LABEL>Their manner of fighting.</LABEL> the foot upon the Ene|my till they have pierced through their Battaliaes if po&s;&s;ible, and if they chance to recoyl, to hold them to the &s;laughter, till they have wearied and dulled the enemies Swords, and then the Janizaries and they together fall with fre&s;h fury and vigour upon them, and this &s;erves for all the advan|tages of Military Policy and quick|ens his multitudes, through de&s;pe|ration, to high and gallant &s;ervices.</P>
<P><LABEL>Their Seiges and Leagures.</LABEL> In matter of &s;iege and Leagures, they are not altogether &s;o expedite and under&s;tanding as the Europe|ans, and what ever they have at|tained to in matter of rai&s;ing or ruining Fortifications, hath been taught them by Fugitives and Re|negadoes; the u&s;e of the Cannon they have learned very well, but yet it is not &s;o familiar to them, for not many Matro&s;&s;es are to be found in their Country, the <HI>Per|&s;ian</HI> their next neighbour to this day &s;tanding &s;ix or eight yards off
<PB N="141" REF="77"> when he gives fire to tho&s;e pieces.</P>
<P><LABEL>Their bold ap|proaches.</LABEL> Their number &s;erves them for &s;helter and defence, for as &s;oon as they have rai&s;ed a battery, and made a kind of bre&s;t work, with &s;ome Mounts in it to overlook the place be&s;ieged, they make their approaches in &s;pight of the bul|let, and &s;trive to fill up the Trenches with their bodies, if they cannot do it with other matter, and when once a breach is made, is is either a Souldiers death there in honour, or a Dogs in the Camp for an Offi|cer to retreat, or give over the a&s;&s;ault while Commanded.</P>
<P>Yet they can u&s;e Galleries, as they do mines and other devices of conque&s;t, but neither with that art or &s;ucce&s;s as the Chri&s;tians, but that is equalled with their dili|gence and undefatigable work|ing, and ob&s;tinate re&s;olution of carrying the Town at la&s;t. And their patient &s;uffering of all extremities upon &s;uch a bent is al|mo&s;t incredible, and the like they
<PB N="142" REF="78"> do in defence of their own.</P>
<P><LABEL>The <HI>Turk</HI> always Ma&s;ter of the field.</LABEL> But the Turk puts not him&s;elf to much charge of Garri&s;ons, un|le&s;s Frontiers and maritime Towns, (which are not yet &s;o &s;trictly guarded and maintained as with us) for he &s;uppo&s;eth him&s;elf Ma&s;ter of the field, and that up|on any &s;udden rupture he is able to march with a &s;ufficient Army to their relief (the places being provided for &s;uch a competent time) be&s;ides, after the conque&s;t of a Country, he divides it as was partly &s;aid before, into &s;o many Timars or Farms, for which the &s;everal po&s;&s;e&s;&s;ors are bound always to be in a readi|ne&s;s, with two, three or &s;ix hor&s;es according to the value of the &s;aid lands, who do &s;o awe the Coun|try, (the Nobility and better &s;ort being either tran&s;planted and de|&s;troyed, and &s;ome Ru&s;ticks onely left to till &amp; manure the ground,) that &s;eldom happens any revolt meerly by them, the <HI>Morlacks</HI> ex|cepted,
<PB N="143" REF="78"> who&s;e poverty &s;uited not with their Lordly Greatne&s;s, nor was able to maintain it among &s;o many natural wants and indigen|cies.</P>
<P><LABEL>Their Naval force.</LABEL> As to their Naval force it con|&s;i&s;ts of three Fleets, the one (like our <HI>Newca&s;tle</HI> Traders) &s;ails the <HI>Euxine</HI> and <HI>Mediterranean</HI> &s;eas, either toward the <HI>Mo&s;covite, Circa&s;&s;e</HI> or <HI>Co&s;&s;ack,</HI> and thence bringing &s;laves, with honey, wood and wax, &amp;c. returns to <HI>Con|&s;tantinople</HI> about <HI>Augu&s;t,</HI> and thence &s;ails to <HI>Alexandria</HI> to bar|ter tho&s;e commodities for Flax, Sugar, Tape&s;try, Sherbets (made of &s;everal dry pre&s;erved fruits, as Apricocks, Peaches, Citrons, <HI>&amp;c.</HI>) Corn, Rice and other Egyptian traffick, and returns with Tribute (guarded with a Fleet for fear of the <HI>Malta</HI> and <HI>Florentine</HI> Galleys which lye in weight for the &s;trag|lers) in <HI>January</HI> back to <HI>Con&s;tan|tinople,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Of late for fear of the &s;aid Galleys, it comes by Land in Caravans.</NOTE> which is as the Nur&s;ery of his Seamen. The &s;econd is his fleet
<PB N="144" REF="79"> of War, built and equipped in the Streights, and made only for fight. The third, the Barbary men of War, which exerci&s;e Piracy o|ver all Chri&s;tendom.</P>
<P><LABEL>The Py|rats of <HI>Al|gers,</HI> &amp;c.</LABEL> This la&s;t is his cheife&s;t &s;trength, though not &s;o much and &s;o &s;oon at command as the other; for they have long pretended an in|dependance on the Grand Seigni|or, when appealed to from tho&s;e they have robbed, which he like|wi&s;e di&s;&s;embles, &s;o that &s;ometimes they prefer their own de&s;igns be|fore his quarrel; but generally they comply with his Orders.</P>
<P>Notwith&s;tanding to give the world to believe that they are ex|empt from the Turki&s;h juri&s;dicti|on, and to be reputed free Pirats, for fear of re&s;toring their prizes, they will not come to Anchor un|der the reach of any of the Forts or Ca&s;tles belonging to the grand Signior, but if they have occa&s;i|on to &s;tay for a wind or other convenience, ride at anchor for a
<PB N="145" REF="79"> while out of danger of any &s;hot; which per&s;onates the exemption very finely.</P>
<P><LABEL>The <HI>Turk|i&s;h</HI> &s;tore of Sea|men.</LABEL> They are notwith&s;tanding ill &s;upplied with Seamen, for be&s;ides Renegadoes they have very few skilful Saylors; the&s;e Renegadoes in the Barbary Fleet have taught them to &s;ail into the North-we&s;ter|mo&s;t parts of <HI>Europe,</HI> they having &s;ometimes landed in <HI>Cornwal</HI> by night, and carried away &s;ome cap|tives out of their Beds; they have frequently infe&s;ted <HI>Spain</HI> in the &s;ame manner, and now they have proceeded &s;o far that they roave as far as <HI>Newfoundland,</HI> and have taken prizes there, and in one of the Ships a very hand&s;ome Engli&s;h woman going for <HI>Virginia,</HI> who was pre&s;ented by the Captain to the Grand Seignior and is by re|port at pre&s;ent in his Seraglia, and one of the Sultanaes.</P>
<P>The Seamen are generally very civil and courteous, as they are obedient and diligent, and not ir|religious
<PB N="146" REF="80"> and prophane, as too many of our Mariners are, and rough and quarrel&s;ome be&s;id<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="MURP" EXTENT="1 letter">s, their Terms of Navigation are altogether <HI>Italian,</HI> from who&s;e commerce they borrowed it, them|&s;elves having formerly few or no Ports to the Sea.</P>
<P><LABEL>Their ve&s;|&s;els.</LABEL> Their own Ships called Caramu|zaels are mo&s;t part great Ships, with Poop and Fore-ca&s;tle very high, and will carry &s;even or eight hun|dred pa&s;&s;engers, but like Portugal Galleons are &s;low of &s;ayl, not fit for &s;ervice in fight, and are &s;oon over&s;et by any &s;udden tempe&s;t, or &s;tormy weather. <LABEL><HI>Holland</HI> prizes.</LABEL>The be&s;t Ships therefore they have are &s;uch as they have taken from the <HI>Hollander,</HI> who to &s;ave their lives and liberty, which the Turks promi&s;e upon a pre&s;ent &s;urrender, will part with their Ships and Goods, which turns to the un&s;peakable prejudice of other Chri&s;tians trading in the Levant, e&s;pecially the <HI>Venetians,</HI> who have often times encountred the Turks
<PB N="147" REF="80"> at Sea within the&s;e few years.</P>
<P><LABEL>An Eng|li&s;h ex|ploit.</LABEL> This makes the Pyrats of <HI>Al|giers, Salley,</HI> and <HI>Tripoli</HI> to have &s;uch a contemptuous opinion of that Nation, and always apt to flinch from &s;uch terms of peace as are every foot agreed on between them; but with us they care not how little they quarrel, for that they &s;eldome get any thing by the bargain, but frequently come by the wor&s;t, a &s;ingle Merchant man having &s;poyled two of their be&s;t men of war, and &s;lain almo&s;t all their men, with their Captain Ba&s;haw of <HI>Rhodes,</HI> about which a great difference was like to have ari&s;en in the year 1634. by a com|plaint made again&s;t the Engli&s;h at the Port.</P>
<P>It were to be wi&s;hed therefore that the Turk were no more formi|dable at Land then he is like to be at Sea, of which the <HI>Venetians</HI> have continued Ma&s;ters, and by their annual e&s;pou&s;al have wedded it to their Fortune and Glory,
<PB N="148" REF="81"> which hath in &s;everal triumphs a|dorned that mayden and little re|publique, again&s;t the huge and bulky mightine&s;s of this Em|pire.</P>
<P><LABEL>The <HI>Turk|i&s;h</HI> Ar&s;e|nals for &s;hipping.</LABEL> The Turki&s;h Ar&s;enals for &s;hip|ping are four; the fir&s;t is at <HI>Pera,</HI> and contained thirty three docks or man&s;ions for &s;o many Gallies: The &s;econd is at <HI>Callipolis,</HI> and contained twenty, both under the charge of the high Admiral and his Servitors: The third, is at <HI>Suez</HI> upon the red Sea, containing twen|ty five man&s;ions, and the fourth and la&s;t, at <HI>Bal&s;aro</HI> in the Per&s;ian Gulfe, con&s;i&s;ting of fifteen Gallies, and the&s;e two la&s;t under the charges of the <HI>Beglerbegs</HI> of <HI>Bal|&s;aro</HI> and <HI>Cairo;</HI> but of late years there are double the number built at <HI>Pera</HI> and in <HI>Callipolis.</HI></P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 N="5" TYPE="chapter">
<PB N="149" REF="81">
<HEAD><HI>CHAP. V.</HI> Of their Government Civil and Eccle&s;ia&s;tick.</HEAD>
<P>THE Court is commonly &s;tiled by them <HI>Capy,</HI> viz. the port, wherein are many great Officers, partly &s;poken of before, and who&s;e &s;ervices are onely de&s;tinated to u&s;es within the <HI>Seraglio</HI> (too large to be here de&s;cribed further then what was mentioned in the De|&s;cription of <HI>Con&s;tantinople;</HI>) and they are for the mo&s;t part Eunuchs, with their table of under Eunuchs. But without the Seraglio are al&s;o diver&s;e honourable offices for the Government of the Empire, the chief whereof is their Mufti or Pope, who onely hath plenary power to interpret their Law and Alcoran. In the &s;econd Rank, are their <HI>Caldele&s;chers,</HI> viz. Chief Ju|&s;tices, and they have the hearing and deciding of all temporal &s;uits
<PB N="150" REF="82"> between party and party. <LABEL>The great Officers of the Em|pire.</LABEL> In An|cient times they were but two, one in <HI>Rum Ili</HI> or Europe, the other in <HI>Natolia:</HI> but <HI>Selimus</HI> the third, added a third equal in authority to the other two, over the Provinces of <HI>Egypt, Syria, Arabia,</HI> and part of <HI>Armenia.</HI> The&s;e chief Judges have juri&s;diction over all inferior Ju&s;tices, or Caddies in particular Provinces, and by them are nomi|nated, but confirmed by the Grand Seignior him&s;elf. After the <HI>Cadele&s;chers,</HI> followeth the Viceroy <HI>Ba&s;&s;aes</HI> (coun&s;ellours of e&s;tate) who&s;e number is uncertain; in old time three or four, but of late twelve. The Pre&s;ident of the&s;e the Turks term Vizeroy Azem, and in truth, is a per&s;onage of great dignity, and authority in mana|ging the affairs of the State, as the man with whom the Grand Seignior doth onely communicate his weightie&s;t intentions, and &s;e|crete&s;t deliberations.</P>
<P>In the next place appear the <HI>Beg|lerbegs</HI>
<PB N="151" REF="82"> (ma&s;ters <HI>del Campo</HI>) <LABEL>Major Ge|nerals.</LABEL> the chief whereof is he that is tear|med of <HI>Romania</HI> or <HI>Grecia:</HI> The &s;econd is the Beglerbeg of <HI>Ana|talia</HI> or <HI>A&s;ia.</HI> The third is the <HI>Denizi</HI> Beglerbeg, that is to &s;ay, the Lord high Admiral. And the&s;e three Beglerbegs have equal place and authority with the former Ba&s;&s;aes in the <HI>Divano,</HI> or place of publique audience.</P>
<P>Before the la&s;t war of <HI>Per&s;ia,</HI> this Empire was under-Governed by forty Beglerbegs, who like|wi&s;e had under them two hundred and &s;eventy Sanjacks (but &s;ince tho&s;e times this number, hath been much augmented) <HI>viz.</HI> in Europe re&s;ided &s;even, in Affrick four, in A&s;ia 29.</P>
<P>His yearly revenue, without coun|ting his Timars, by them he hath 30000 hor&s;e always in pay (which are farms held as by Knights &s;er|vice, and remove the wonder his Revenue is &s;o little) is e&s;timated at fifteen Millions of Duckats.</P>
<PB N="152" REF="83">
<P><LABEL>The Di|van.</LABEL> As to the Capy or Port, by which is in&s;inuated the &s;afety and Harbour of &s;uch as addre&s;s them|&s;elves to the Grand Signior, the remarkable thing be&s;ides the Em|perors places of plea&s;ure which are hinted in the other part is the <HI>Di|van</HI> or places of Judicature, where the Vi&s;iers, and the two Cadile&s;|chers &s;it four days in every week. <LABEL>A nota|ble &s;tory of Sultan <HI>Morat.</HI></LABEL> Their deci&s;ions are &s;peedy and mo&s;t ju&s;t, for that the Grand Seigni|or hath a place private to him|&s;elf to in&s;pect their Deportment; and it is very certain that the late Sultan <HI>Morat</HI> being there one day, and hearing judgement given a|gain&s;t a Coyner, to lo&s;e his right hand, which is the onely puni&s;h|ment for that fact, by a waft of his hand out of the window, un|&s;een to any but the Executioner, gave a &s;ign for cutting of the Fel|lows Head, as judging him to de|&s;erve death, which the Executio|ner performing, to the amaze|ment of the <HI>Divan,</HI> they &s;entenced
<PB N="153" REF="83"> him to the &s;ame infliction (for &s;en|tence and Execution are done at one and the &s;ame time) which the fellow preparing for, and refu&s;ing to give any account or rea&s;on of his Action, as relying upon the Emperors intervention, was by his own mouth, out of the &s;ame Pri|vacy ab&s;olved and acquitted of the fact, as done by his Command.</P>
<P><LABEL>The Em|perours publick appear|ance eve+ry Friday <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">revents In<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">u<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">tice.</LABEL> Be&s;ides, by the Emperors publick appearance every Friday, when he goes in great State on Hor&s;e-back to the Temple of St. <HI>Sophia,</HI> attended by no le&s;s then 20000. men, &s;uch is the Maje&s;ty, and con&s;equently the awful dread of this Prince (though to their joy|ful acclamations he will an&s;wer by be&s;towing his ble&s;&s;ings chearfully upon the people, and &s;hows him|&s;elf ready to receive all manner of complaints from all manner of per|&s;ons, in&s;omuch that none of his attendants dare deny the receipt of any paper from the meane&s;t wretch, nor the greate&s;t of his
<PB N="154" REF="84"> Officers hope for any favour upon any true information of their op|pre&s;&s;ion and inju&s;tice) I &s;ay by this means ju&s;tice is kept mo&s;t part uncorrupted, and the Grand Seignior upon the account of his impartial &s;everity towards his Mi|ni&s;ters, though he &s;quezeth to him|&s;elf by their death or exile the juyce of their oppre&s;&s;ion, is mo&s;t infinitely beloved and admired by his &s;ub|jects, being by his &s;tate, magnifi|cence, and ju&s;tice, conceived by them to have &s;omething more then humane in his nature.</P>
<P><LABEL>The <HI>Turks</HI> Trials.</LABEL>As to their common Trials, (which is by way of <HI>viva voce,</HI> and the Oaths of Witne&s;&s;es) though of late the atte&s;tation of a Mu&s;&s;elman or Turki&s;h beleiver is often taken for an authentick proof again&s;t a Stranger, yet in their ordinary trials between one another, they do proceed with more caution, and upon &s;urer grounds, (for even the Religious orders of which there are four,
<PB N="155" REF="84"> and are pre&s;umed for the honour of their Religion not to be tainti|ble with any crime are given mo&s;t exce&s;&s;ively to &s;ubornation and perjury) extracting ground and ju&s;t pre&s;umptions for &s;entence from private examinations and que&s;ti|ons, &s;o artificially put, as no pre|meditated combination can evade, <LABEL>Turks re+verence Oaths more the Chri&s;tian</LABEL> yet generally the Turk bears a more awful reverence to Oaths then Chri&s;tians, nor are they found to alloy it with the poy&s;o|nous mixtures of equivocation, though the Jews that live among them are very prone to for&s;wear and abu&s;e that &s;acred name they pretend to have in &s;o much vene|ration, and for this rea&s;on and other wicked &s;ubtilties of that people, they will not &s;uffer them to turn Turks, (which they would readily do, becau&s;e of the &s;ame common principle of Circumci|&s;ion) unle&s;s they will fir&s;t turn Chri&s;tians, which goes again&s;t the grain, and keeps numbers of them
<PB N="156" REF="85"> from being converts to <HI>Maho|met.</HI></P>
<P><LABEL>The Muf|ti.</LABEL> But to proceed, from all Judges both extrordinary and ordinary at the Port, and in the &s;everal Villages of the Provinces (for a Ju&s;tice or Caddie is appointed for every Town) there lies an appeal to the Mufti or Muhumetan chief Bi&s;hop (who is next to be con&s;i|dered in the Government) to whom all controver&s;ies difficulties or per|verted judgment are &s;ubmitted for his final &s;entence, and even the grand Seignior him&s;elf doth and mu&s;t refer him&s;elf, but his Oracle is &s;ounded before, and mu&s;t not utter one word more or le&s;s then is directed to him, and &s;hall fit the convenience of State, for as it hath been excellently ob&s;erved, the Turk hath the Mufti and Mecca both in his own Dominions, and is not forced in &s;ome untoward occurrences to apply him&s;elf to forrain di&s;pen&s;ations. And &s;ome|times the Grand Signior makes
<PB N="157" REF="85"> not nice to remove this Arch-Cler|gyman, as well as other of his Tribe, if they once interfere with the State, yet without any tumult or Faction, or &s;carce any blemi&s;h to the per&s;ons of the men, who &s;hall be reputed Saints, and &s;o Calendaried, even if put to death, &s;uch is the radical opinion of their un&s;tained &s;anctity and inte|grity.</P>
<P>As to the Ba&s;haws and Begler|begs, and their honours for life, their po&s;terity being reckoned for no more then common Turks, unle&s;s their own worth &s;hall rai&s;e them, by which all potent combination of families is preven|ted, having &s;poken &s;omething more liberally of it in the former Part, we mu&s;t omit it here.</P>
<P><LABEL>The nu<GAP DESC="illegible" REASON="right margin cropped or obscured" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1+ letters">+ber of h<GAP DESC="illegible" REASON="right margin cropped or obscured" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1+ letters"> Chri&s;tia<GAP DESC="illegible" REASON="right margin cropped or obscured" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1+ letters"> Va&s;&s;als.</LABEL> In the time of <HI>Selimus,</HI> were reckoned one million and thirty three thou&s;and Chri&s;tian &s;ouls to live within his Dominions, not accounting tho&s;e that enjoyed freedom of con&s;cience by privi|ledge,
<PB N="158" REF="86"> nor tho&s;e that then were &s;ubject to the <HI>Egyptian</HI> Sultan, whom the &s;aid <HI>Selimus</HI> vanqui&s;h|ed, but now they are in far greater numbers.</P>
<P><LABEL><GAP DESC="illegible" REASON="left margin cropped or obscured" RESP="MURP" EXTENT="1+ letters">f Jews <GAP DESC="illegible" REASON="left margin cropped or obscured" RESP="MURP" EXTENT="1+ letters">ewi&s;e.</LABEL> The Jews likewi&s;e live di&s;per|&s;ed over his whole Dominions, in &s;uch infinite numbers, that &s;carce no town nor Village, but is very populou&s;ly repleni&s;hed with their Families, &s;peaking diver&s;e Lan|guages, and u&s;ing the trade of Marchandize in ample and rich fa&s;hion. Thus to my power have I laid out the portraiture of this mighty, tyranical, irreligious and bloudy Empire, which as it began by the &s;word, and is propagated by the &s;word, &s;o let all Chri&s;tians henceforth pray, that by the &s;word it may fall, and at la&s;t vani&s;h into nothing, as of nothing (to &s;peak of) it took Originall.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 N="6" TYPE="chapter">
<PB N="159" REF="86">
<HEAD><HI>CHAP. VI.</HI> The Continuation of the <HI>Turks</HI> Hi|&s;tory.</HEAD>
<P><LABEL>The Vi|&s;iers de|&s;ign on <HI>Presburg</HI></LABEL> <HI>NEwhau&s;el</HI> being reduced, which was &s;uppo&s;ed, and vainly hoped, would have di&s;ap|pointed the Turks Progre&s;s, and &s;ucce&s;s for this year, being de|clined &s;o far as the depth of win|ter, the Grand Vi&s;ier undertook &s;ome farther conque&s;t, and with his Army, leaving a &s;ufficient Gar|ri&s;on, and other numbers to repair and better fortifie the Fort, by bringing the River <HI>Niutre</HI> round about it, marched towards <HI>Pre&s;|burg,</HI> the Capital City or Metro|polis of lower <HI>Hungary,</HI> and with his approach gave out rumours of his re&s;olution to attaque it, re|lying on his fir&s;t fortune, and
<PB N="160" REF="87"> tho&s;e popular in&s;inuations he had &s;pread abroad of his reality, ju&s;tice and tenderne&s;s to &s;uch pla|ces as &s;hould come in to his Ma&s;ters protection, with which thriving artifice he had already gained up|on the credulity of mo&s;t of the Pe&s;ants and indefen&s;ible places.</P>
<P>Be&s;ides the honour of the place, as the repo&s;itory of the Crown of <HI>Hungary</HI> (which the Hungarians mo&s;t religiou&s;ly reverence, as placing the &s;afety and glory of their Nation therein, and which being &s;eized, would have intituled the winner and wearer to the King|dom) the convenience thereof as freeing his way to <HI>Vienna,</HI> on one part; and to <HI>Commorra, Raab,</HI> or <HI>Newhau&s;el</HI> on the other, and con|trarily incomodating any attempt upon the I&s;land of <HI>Schut,</HI> by its Neighbourly corre&s;pondence and a&s;&s;i&s;tance in ca&s;e of danger, where at pre&s;ent the General Count <HI>Se|rini</HI> was enquartered, was a great motive and incitement to an at|tempt
<PB N="161" REF="87"> again&s;t it. <LABEL>Contents him&s;elf with &s;ub+mi&s;&s;ion o<GAP DESC="illegible" REASON="right margin cropped or obscured" RESP="MURP" EXTENT="1+ letters"> places a<GAP DESC="illegible" REASON="right margin cropped or obscured" RESP="MURP" EXTENT="1+ letters">+jacent.</LABEL> But &s;uch had been the vigilance and care of Count <HI>Strozzi</HI> a famous and experienced Souldier, in providing and fur|ni&s;hing the City, wherein the hope of the Kingdom was con|cerned, and his courage, and all other excellent qualities of a Go|vernour, &s;o known and beleived by this di&s;creet Vizier, that con|tenting him&s;elf with the &s;ubmi&s;&s;ion of <HI>Modern,</HI> St. <HI>George, Po&s;ing</HI> and other places that lay open and ex|po&s;ed to his power, and the bra|very and gallant de&s;ignment of &s;o high an enterpri&s;e, which the unim|peded conduct of the affair, he re|treated honorably: and as if he had proceeded &s;o far meerly upon a plot and de&s;ign to &s;urprize &s;ome places by his &s;udden return, he pre&s;ently inve&s;ted <HI>Niutra,</HI> a place neer <HI>New|hau&s;el,</HI> and as well fortified, and more re&s;pected, becau&s;e of its Ec|cle&s;ia&s;tical concernment, as being a Bi&s;hops &s;ee, and by terrifying menaces and preparations for a
<PB N="162" REF="88"> &s;torm, &s;oon wrought upon the de|fendants to a &s;urrender, who by the Articles thereof were con|veyed to <HI>Presburg.</HI></P>
<P><LABEL><HI>Nuntia</HI> yeilded.</LABEL> The &s;peedy and lucky event of this rendition, was effectual to his practices upon other places, for upon the &s;ame &s;core <HI>Tyrnaw</HI> and &s;ome other Towns thereabouts opened their Gates and &s;ubmitted to him, upon his common Terms of Religion and Liberty, <LABEL>Bafled <GAP DESC="illegible" REASON="left margin cropped or obscured" RESP="MURP" EXTENT="1 span"> <HI>Schinta.</HI></LABEL> which &s;ucce&s;s invited him to the Siege of <HI>Schinta,</HI> a very &s;trong and con|&s;iderable Fortre&s;s, and a Magazine of a great and the be&s;t quantity of the Emperors Artillery, but by the fidelity and valour of the Go|vernour and his men, was repul&s;ed thence, and glad to abandon the enterprize, for that <HI>October</HI> was more then half &s;pent, and the climate did much incommodate his <HI>A&s;ian</HI> and <HI>African</HI> Souldiery.</P>
<P>Therefore to provide them of warmer Winter Quarters, to keep them well and in health again&s;t
<PB N="163" REF="88"> the Spring, <LABEL>Retires t<GAP DESC="illegible" REASON="right margin cropped or obscured" RESP="MURP" EXTENT="1+ letters"> Winter quarters</LABEL> he repa&s;&s;ed his great Guns with &s;ome of his Army over his Ship bridge to <HI>Gran</HI> or <HI>Strigoni|um,</HI> rumouring that when he had di&s;po&s;ed of tho&s;e unu&s;eful peices in the depth of winter, he would return him&s;elf with his Europeans and pro&s;ecute the War, but in fine, he pa&s;&s;ed over his whole Ar|my, being followed in his rear, in expectation of advantage by General <HI>Serini,</HI> who having par|ted with General <HI>Montecuculi,</HI> (conjoyned in attendance of the <HI>Newhau&s;el</HI> de&s;ign upon the I&s;land of <HI>Schut</HI>) did at la&s;t cut off &s;ome 600. Janizaries with 200. other <HI>Be&s;onio's,</HI> or Baggage people, en|gaged in the defence thereof, which they re&s;olutely maintained, by barricadoing them&s;elves among the Wagons, &s;o that <HI>Serini's</HI> Hu&s;&s;ars were forced to alight and follow them a foot into their advanta|ges, and there couragiou&s;ly &s;lew them; (This was &s;ome expiation of that defeat given to Count <HI>Forgatz</HI>
<PB N="164" REF="89"> very neer the &s;ame place) as a fortnight before his brother and he had defeated two great parties, but not with &s;o great &s;ucce&s;s. This hap|pened about the la&s;t of <HI>October,</HI> and &s;o tho&s;e parts of this &s;ide the <HI>Danow,</HI> conceived &s;ome joyful hopes of a re&s;pit till the coming of the Spring.</P>
<P>But the Vizier by tho&s;e other after acce&s;&s;ions had &s;o &s;trongly fixt him&s;elf, by leaving a Garri|&s;on of 4000. men in <HI>Newhau&s;el,</HI> and 1500 in <HI>Niutre,</HI> be&s;ides a body of 10000. men to be ready to a&s;&s;i&s;t them upon all occa&s;ions, that the Chri&s;tians are &s;till kept to their Arms to attend their motion, and guard them&s;elves. <LABEL><HI><GAP DESC="illegible" REASON="left margin cropped or obscured" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1+ letters">paffis</HI> in|<GAP DESC="illegible" REASON="left margin cropped or obscured" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1+ letters">+igue <GAP DESC="illegible" REASON="left margin cropped or obscured" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1+ letters">ith the <GAP DESC="illegible" REASON="left margin cropped or obscured" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1+ letters">urk di&s;|<GAP DESC="illegible" REASON="left margin cropped or obscured" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1+ letters">vered.</LABEL> And to increa&s;e the danger, <HI>Apaffi</HI> the Prince of <HI>Tran&s;ilvania,</HI> whom they looked upon as under a con&s;traint of com|pliance with the Turks, and a &s;e|cret well-wi&s;her to the Chri&s;tian cau&s;e, di&s;covered him&s;elf a decla|red and profe&s;t enemy, being in|veagled with an inve&s;titure of
<PB N="165" REF="89"> tho&s;e places taken this <HI>Campagnia,</HI> and upon the total Conque&s;t, with the Crown of <HI>Hungary:</HI> for as &s;oon as they were rid of the Infidels, he with his half Chri&s;tians, <HI>Valachi|ans, Moldavians,</HI> intermixed with <HI>Tartars,</HI> and his own plundering <HI>Tran&s;ilvanians,</HI> undertook the Lieutenant-&s;hip of the Winter War, tho&s;e Nations being better able, as inured to the climate, to undergo the extremities of the weather.</P>
<P><LABEL><HI>Apaffi</HI> ma|nages the Winter war.</LABEL> <HI>Apaffi's</HI> fir&s;t de&s;ign was upon the <HI>Berg</HI> Towns, or Mine Hills, whence the Hungarian Gold is fought, which as &s;oon as he had parted with the Grand Vi&s;ier, then re|treating to <HI>Belgrade,</HI> he attempted, and this the ea&s;ier, for that there was no re&s;i&s;tance in readine&s;s to oppo&s;e him, the forces that were rai&s;ed by the Counts of <HI>Cochary</HI> and <HI>Tekelly</HI> in the upper <HI>Hunga|ry,</HI> for the mo&s;t part (for that the lower was already joyned with <HI>Serini,</HI> or awed by the Turks)
<PB N="166" REF="90"> were a little before, (maugre the enemies de&s;ign of impeding them) already arrived to the gro&s;s of the Army; which al&s;o for want of ne|ce&s;&s;aries for Man and Hor&s;e, and voured by the Turks as now di&s;|per&s;ed into Quarters.</P>
<P><LABEL><GAP DESC="illegible" REASON="left margin cropped or obscured" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1+ letters">is de&s;ign <GAP DESC="illegible" REASON="left margin cropped or obscured" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1+ letters">pon the <GAP DESC="illegible" REASON="left margin cropped or obscured" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1+ letters">ine <GAP DESC="illegible" REASON="left margin cropped or obscured" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1+ letters">owns.</LABEL>The two fir&s;t ob&s;tacles of his de&s;ign upon the Mine Towns, and which barred his entrance, were the two Towns of <HI>Levents</HI> and <HI>Novigrad,</HI> reputed one of the prime places of upper <HI>Hun|gary; <LABEL><HI><GAP DESC="illegible" REASON="left margin cropped or obscured" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1+ letters">ventz</HI> <GAP DESC="illegible" REASON="left margin cropped or obscured" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1+ letters">ilded.</LABEL> Levents</HI> was al&s;o well ap|pointed, having in it a Ca&s;tle manned with couragious Souldi|ers, and firmed with thick walls, flankers and Turrets, that accord|ingly gave the enemy a rude and unwelcom entertainment, but their numbers being not to be wearied and no relief to be expected by the be&s;ieged, it was yeilded by a|greement, and the Articles ac|cording to the modern policy of the Turks punctually ob&s;erved.</P>
<P>From thence <HI>Apaffi</HI> marched to
<PB N="167" REF="90">
<LABEL><HI>Novigrad</HI> lately yeil|ded.</LABEL> <HI>Novigrad,</HI> lying further in upper <HI>Hungary,</HI> which after a &s;tout but &s;hort re&s;i&s;tance, not without &s;u&s;|picion that the Governour was of <HI>Apaffi's</HI> party (more obvious now by his retreat into the Enemies Country, and the neutrality or rather a&s;&s;i&s;tance of the whole Pro|vince, as to the generality, to|wards <HI>Apaffi</HI>) was rendred like|wi&s;e, and the Garri&s;on di&s;mi&s;t, but not into Chri&s;tian quarters, being &s;et to work, and enjoyned to be in readine&s;s to a&s;&s;i&s;t their late Be&s;iegers.</P>
<P>The enemy encroaching thus up|on the Mine Towns, &s;ome Regi|ments which could be be&s;t got to|gether were &s;ent to enforce them, and to hinder them from &s;etling their Winter quarters in tho&s;e places, which were neverthele&s;s much de&s;paired of, for that <HI>Apaf|fi</HI> with his aids threatned <HI>Ca&s;&s;ovia</HI> the Metropolis of upper <HI>Hungary</HI> with a pre&s;ent &s;iege, as he did in effect beleagure <HI>Fillek,</HI> &s;ome ten
<PB N="168" REF="91"> miles di&s;tant, prejudging that the Chri&s;tians, if once able to take the field, would carry the War into the&s;e Quarters, of which therefore they would betimes po&s;&s;e&s;s them|&s;elves,<LABEL>Seizeth &s;ome of the Mine Towns.</LABEL> and therefore notwith&s;tand|ing the prevention afore&s;aid, they &s;oon after &s;ei&s;ed on <HI>Shomnitz, Cremnitz</HI> and other Towns of the Mines; and by threatning Letters and &s;ummons terrified the people thereabouts to an acquie&s;cence and &s;ubmi&s;&s;ion under their com|mand: They faced likewi&s;e <HI>To|kay</HI> (the &s;trong&s;t Hold of all) with parties; but neither their courage, multitudes, practices or hopes, &s;erved them to the adventure of a &s;iege.</P>
<P>Neverthele&s;s to countenance &s;uch re&s;olutions, they &s;pread ru|mours abroad as if the <HI>Grand Vi|&s;ier</HI> would pre&s;ently return, and orders were indeed to that pur|po&s;e di&s;patcht to the Magi&s;trates of <HI>Fry&s;tad</HI> to make ready two Bridges over the <HI>Waegh,</HI> &s;o broad
<PB N="169" REF="91"> as that whole Squadrons might pa&s;s over there a brea&s;t, another irruption into <HI>Moravia.</HI></P>
<P><LABEL>Count <HI>Ho|henlo</HI> Ge|neral of the Aux|iliaries.</LABEL> This news cau&s;ed Count <HI>Serini,</HI> who till then continued in the I&s;le of <HI>Schut,</HI> ob&s;erving the de&s;igns of them at <HI>Newhau&s;el,</HI> to put him|&s;elf into motion, which pre&s;en|ted him with &s;ome con&s;iderable booties, (but incon&s;iderable par|ties,) de&s;igned for <HI>Con&s;tantino|ple;</HI> and that was all he was able to do; the Auxiliaries of the Em|pire amounting in all not to above 8000. men under command of the Count of <HI>Hohenlo,</HI> (who&s;e An|ce&s;tors were famous in the low Country war) by their &s;urfeits upon the fruits of the Country, which are in great abundance in the Hereditary Dominions, being &s;o di&s;ea&s;ed that they were in no condition or capacity for any field &s;ervice; to increa&s;e the&s;e Auxili|aries the Sweeds were neer upon their arrival from <HI>Bremen,</HI> with 700. Hor&s;e well mounted, but
<PB N="170" REF="92"> now like to have met with &s;ome danger at <HI>Erford,</HI> as the <HI>He&s;&s;en Darm&s;tad Ayds</HI> peri&s;hed with a greater misfortune upon the <HI>Danu|bius</HI> in their pa&s;&s;age to <HI>Vienna.</HI></P>
<P><LABEL>The Em|pe<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="MURP" EXTENT="1 letter">or to <HI>Regens|burgh</HI> or <HI>Ratisbone.</HI></LABEL> Neither were the Frontive Gar|ri&s;ons better conditioned by want of many nece&s;&s;aries, even <HI>Raab</HI> and <HI>Comorra,</HI> where the Officers that &s;urrendred <HI>Newhau&s;el</HI> had been newly acquitted, &s;o that amid&s;t &s;o many exigencies and &s;treights every thing was feared to exce&s;s; The Emperor him&s;elf was at this time departing from <HI>Vienna</HI> to the <HI>Diet</HI> he had &s;ummoned at <HI>Regen&s;|pu g,</HI> to con&s;ider with the Princes of <HI>Germany</HI> of &s;ome quick expe|dient to redre&s;s tho&s;e evils, leaving the Archduke <HI>Charls Jo&s;eph</HI> to go|vern in his ab&s;ence, who to add affliction to mi&s;ery is &s;ince decea&s;ed, (as our late&s;t intelligence) and the direct line of the imperial Family totally extingui&s;hed, a matter of no &s;mall moment to &s;ome de&s;igns in the world, e&s;pecially &s;ince the
<PB N="171" REF="92"> Pope and the French are now &s;o neer a rupture, yet to alleviate the pre&s;ent di&s;tre&s;s, providence was plea&s;ed to be&s;tow on the vigi|lance and conduct of Count <HI>Seri|ni,</HI> a very remarkable &s;ucce&s;s. <LABEL>Count <HI>S<GAP DESC="illegible" REASON="right margin cropped or obscured" RESP="MURP" EXTENT="1+ letters">+rini</HI> give a great defeat to the Turk</LABEL> The Forces of <HI>Apaffi</HI> intermingled with <HI>Tartars,</HI> and &s;ome <HI>Turks,</HI> pur&s;uing their de&s;ign of another inva&s;ion into <HI>Moravia;</HI> having al&s;o an eye upon the I&s;land of <HI>Schut,</HI> had pri|vately laid a Bridge over the River <HI>Mur,</HI> and had pa&s;&s;ed two thou&s;and Hor&s;e already over it; of which <HI>Serini</HI> having good and timely no|tice by a di&s;charge of a Cannon, he ri&s;e from his po&s;t, and with his Troops &s;o fiercely charged them, that betwixt &s;urpri&s;ed and di&s;mayed, and fairly wor&s;ted, they betook them&s;elves back to the Bridge, where rancountring with numbers of their fellows pa&s;&s;ing over in great ha&s;t to them, they could neither go forward nor backward, but were forced to take the River, which &s;pared none, there
<PB N="172" REF="93"> e&s;caped very few of tho&s;e 2000. this was done in the morning, <HI>Novemb.</HI> 27. when <HI>Serini</HI> brought two field peices and 300. of his Foot to face the Enemy, who &s;tood on the other &s;ide the water and managed a revengeful Skirmi&s;h all the day long, and then retreated towards <HI>Cani&s;ia,</HI> from whence they are dreaded to reinforce this their fir&s;t attempt, being excee|dingly inraged at this di&s;graceful di&s;appointment.</P>
<P><LABEL><GAP DESC="illegible" REASON="left margin cropped or obscured" RESP="MURP" EXTENT="1+ letters">ffairs of <GAP DESC="illegible" REASON="left margin cropped or obscured" RESP="MURP" EXTENT="1+ letters">he Diet.</LABEL> There is mention made in the <HI>Diet,</HI> of Mar&s;. <HI>Turenne</HI> to &s;ucceed in the &s;upreme command in <HI>Hungary,</HI> by means of an invitation, and re|que&s;t to the French King; but what the re&s;ult of that and other things that concern this Subject to be con&s;ulted in that Grand A&s;&s;embly may prove, we mu&s;t refer to ano|ther continuation if God permit.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="postscript">
<PB REF="93" MS="y">
<P><ADD>J&V;&s;t now is arrived a cetain re|port, out of <HI>Tran&s;yvania</HI> and <HI>Valachia,</HI> That there is a very great feud and rupture happened between the Turks and Tartars, b<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="MURP" EXTENT="2 letters"> the grounds of it uncertainly deliverd<GAP DESC="illegible" REASON="right margin cropped or obscured" RESP="MURP" EXTENT="1+ letters"> Some are of opinion, that the Turk, quartering &s;o near him this winter, and &s;eeing him partly engaged with the <HI>Pole</HI> (which he pretends to stomack) and partly imbodied with himself, designed a surpri<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="MURP" EXTENT="1 letter">al of this Empire, and to unite the whole force thereof with his own, which the Reader may be induced to believe from a former precedent mentioned in this Treatise: others affirn that the Tartar disappointed of his pay, and having endured all the miseries of the Campagnie, abridged likewi&s;e of the best part of his spoils, did revengefully and in great indignation begin the quarrel. However it was caused, most certainly such a different is risen among them, that much blood</ADD>
<PB REF="94" MS="y">
<ADD>hath been liberally spent between them, no le&s; then a 1000 Janizaries at one time with their supplements far greater in number having been cut off in an encounter by the Tartars, and a very far invasion made into the Turks Country, with fire and &s;word.</ADD></P>
<P><ADD>Not to mention other troubles in <HI>A&s;ia,</HI> which may by the ble&s;ing of God and his pity of di&s;tracted Chri|&s;tendom, give this in&s;olent Enemy a timely diver&s;ion.</ADD></P>
</DIV2>
<TRAILER><ADD><HI>FINIS.</HI></ADD></TRAILER>
<PB REF="94">
</DIV1>
</BODY>
</TEXT>
</EEBO>
</ETS>
