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<DATE>2014-03-28</DATE>
<RESPSTMT>
<NAME>Alexis Jakobson</NAME>
<RESP>MURP</RESP>
</RESPSTMT>
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<IDG S="marc" R="UM" ID="B20713">
<STC T="W">C6345</STC>
<STC T="W">C6344A</STC>
<STC T="C">R17626</STC>
<BIBNO T="oclc">[ocm]11740368</BIBNO>
<VID>48485</VID>
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<TEXT LANG="eng">
<FRONT>
<DIV1 TYPE="frontispiece">
<PB REF="1">
<P><FIGURE>
<P>Pope Alexander the Seaventh</P>
<BYLINE>I Chantry &s;culp</BYLINE>
<FIGDESC>portrait of Pope Alexander VII</FIGDESC>
</FIGURE></P>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 TYPE="title page">
<PB REF="1">
<P>ROME EXACTLY De&s;crib'd, As to the Pre&s;ent State of it, Under POPE <HI>ALEXANDRE</HI> The Seventh. In Two Curious DISCOURSES.</P>
<P>Written Originally in <HI>Italian,</HI> and Tran|&s;lated into <HI>Engli&s;h.</HI></P>
<P><HI>LONDON,</HI> Printed by <HI>T. Mabb,</HI> for <HI>Mich Young,</HI> at the blew Bible in <HI>Covent Garden;</HI> and <HI>J. Starkey</HI> at the Miter near <HI>Temple Bar,</HI> and <HI>J. Playfere,</HI> at the white Bear in the Upper Walk in the <HI>New Exchange,</HI> 1664.</P>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 TYPE="illustration">
<PB REF="2" MS="y">
<P><FIGURE>
<P>Academiae Cantabrigiensis Liber.</P>
<FIGDESC>bookplate of Cambridge Library</FIGDESC>
</FIGURE></P>
</DIV1>
</FRONT>
<GROUP>
<TEXT LANG="eng">
<FRONT>
<DIV1 TYPE="title page">
<PB REF="2">
<P>A RELATION Of the State of the COURT OF ROME, Made in the Year 1661. at the Council of <HI>Pregadi.</HI></P>
<P>By the Mo&s;t Excellent, the Lord <HI>ANGELO CORRARO,</HI> Amba&s;&s;ador from the mo&s;t <HI>Serene Re|publique</HI> of <HI>Venice</HI> to Pope <HI>Alexander</HI> VII.</P>
<P>Tran&s;lated out of <HI>Italian</HI> By <HI>J. B.</HI> Gent.</P>
<P><HI>London,</HI> Printed by <HI>T. Mabb,</HI> and are to be &s;old by <HI>Michael Young</HI> at the <HI>Blew Bible</HI> in <HI>Bedford-&s;treet</HI> in <HI>Covent-Garden;</HI> and <HI>John Playfere,</HI> at the <HI>White Bear</HI> in the <HI>Upper Walk</HI> of the <HI>New-Exchange.</HI> 1664.</P>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 TYPE="imprimatur">
<PB REF="3">
<P>Imprimatur</P>
<CLOSER><DATELINE><DATE>Sept. <HI>ult.</HI> 1663.</DATE></DATELINE>
<SIGNED>Roger L' E&s;trang.</SIGNED></CLOSER>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 TYPE="dedication">
<PB REF="3">
<HEAD>To M^r <HI>MATTHIAS</HI> Van <HI>BEUNINGEN.</HI></HEAD>
<P>_THIS Relation, which cannot but diverti&s;e you may &s;erve for In&s;truction, to many peo|ple, who talk at pre&s;ent of the Court of <HI>Rome,</HI> and tor|ment
<PB REF="4"> them&s;elves to di&s;co|ver the Cau&s;es and Con&s;e|quences of the Murther committed on the Amba&s;&s;a|dor of <HI>France.</HI> Truly, that act was very &s;trange: a great King to be out-ragiou&s;ly wronged out of a Frolick, and tho&s;e Sage Worldlings &s;eem to have renounced both their Ho|nour and Judgment, &s;ince they yet &s;peak of it &s;cof|fingly; they fancy and &s;ay, all will be made up again; that the bu&s;ine&s;s at la&s;t will come to a Negotiation, where the <HI>French</HI> cannot fail of having &s;atisfaction:
<PB REF="4"> How can tho&s;e wi&s;e Heads ponder &s;o long upon one thing? they will cut them|&s;elves out &s;ome other work; they will evaporate their Choller in &s;inging fine Songs of us, their &s;ury will vani&s;h, and he that had the blows may bear them; the King &s;hall be &s;atisfi'd with the hanging up of three or four Catch pole Serjeants; and if at la&s;t, tho&s;e ra&s;h ones &s;hould put the bu&s;ine&s;s home, the Emperour and other Princes, whom the Pope is &s;ure of, will not fail their Holy Mother at her need: and then do they
<PB REF="5"> count it nothing to have Eight Red Hats to be&s;tow, and with the which they might&mdash;;But let tho&s;e Mini&s;ters &s;tand fa&s;t? If the wound can be healed with words, &s;o much the better, tho&s;e Bagatels will &s;erve. However, Sir, I do not think I acquit my &s;elf of what I owe you, nor do I pretend you &s;hould be obliged to me, when I pre|&s;ent you with a Book that comes from your own Clo|&s;et, and can teach you no|thing new. You are, Sir, of an Illu&s;trious Family, where Virtue, Science, Politne&s;s,
<PB REF="5"> Riches, Reputation, and the mo&s;t Refined Judgment in Affairs of State, <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 word"> Na|tural and Hereditary. I can|not be &s;u&s;pected of flattery herein, &s;ince I have Crown'd Heads and Sovereign Prin|ces for my Witne&s;&s;es; whom, as I may &s;ay, have found them&s;elves honoured by the Emba&s;&s;ies and Em|ployments wherein your Elde&s;t Brother acquitted him&s;elf with no le&s;s prai&s;e to him, than &s;atisfaction to them: this is no more then was &s;aid by the Queen of <HI>Sweden,</HI> and is yet &s;poken of in <HI>France.</HI> Neverthele&s;s,
<PB REF="6"> I believed this Treati&s;e, which is no le&s;s curious than &s;ol<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters"> de&s;erved to bear the name of a Per&s;on that hath acquired &s;o much Reputa|tion by the Commerce of all the Learned, by Travail, by choice Books, by his good Nature, and the wel|come Reception he gives to all Studious men. The Au|thors name &s;peaks his com|mendations, it is the Il|lu&s;trious Senator <HI>Corraro,</HI> for whom there are no Em|ployments too high in <HI>Ve|nice,</HI> that Politique A&s;trolo|ger, who judges of the Mindes of Men with a Sub|tilty
<PB REF="6"> worthy his penetrati|on, and the judgment of a Man thorowly ver&s;ed in the affairs of the world, and with that liberty of truth natural to all Republicans. I be&s;eech you, Sir, to ac|cept of my re&s;pects, and give me &s;ome tokens of your good-will by honouring me with your Commands.</P>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 TYPE="index">
<PB REF="7">
<PB REF="7">
<HEAD>A TABLE.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>AQuaviva 62</ITEM>
<ITEM>Aldobrandino 65</ITEM>
<ITEM>A&s;talli 70</ITEM>
<ITEM>ALbici 71</ITEM>
<ITEM>Azzolino 72</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>B</HEAD>
<ITEM>Berenice 16</ITEM>
<ITEM>Bichi <HI>Card.</HI> 23</ITEM>
<ITEM>Bichi <HI>Prior.</HI> 24</ITEM>
<ITEM>Bandinelli 33</ITEM>
<ITEM>Barberino <HI>Fran.</HI> 38</ITEM>
<ITEM>Barberino <HI>Ant.</HI> 41</ITEM>
<ITEM>Brancaccio 44</ITEM>
<ITEM>Barberino <HI>Char.</HI> 63</ITEM>
<ITEM>Boromeo 69</ITEM>
<ITEM>Bagni 74</ITEM>
<ITEM>Bonvi&s;i 76</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<PB REF="8">
<HEAD>C</HEAD>
<ITEM>Corrado 32</ITEM>
<ITEM>Colonne 42</ITEM>
<ITEM>Carpegna 45</ITEM>
<ITEM>Co&s;taguti 57</ITEM>
<ITEM>Cibo 62</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>D</HEAD>
<ITEM>Donghi 58</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>E</HEAD>
<ITEM>E&s;te 56</ITEM>
<ITEM>Elci 75</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>F</HEAD>
<ITEM>Fagnano 33</ITEM>
<ITEM>Franciotti 43</ITEM>
<ITEM>Filormarini 46</ITEM>
<ITEM>Facchinetti 48</ITEM>
<ITEM>Farne&s;e 76</ITEM>
<ITEM>France 83</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<PB REF="8">
<HEAD>G</HEAD>
<ITEM>Chigi <HI>Augu&s;ta.</HI> 24</ITEM>
<ITEM>Chigi <HI>Mar.</HI> 16</ITEM>
<ITEM>Chigi <HI>Flav.</HI> 17</ITEM>
<ITEM>Chigi <HI>Augu&s;tin.</HI> 20</ITEM>
<ITEM>Chigi <HI>Sig.</HI> 23</ITEM>
<ITEM>Ginetti 40</ITEM>
<ITEM>Giorio 48</ITEM>
<ITEM>Grinaldi 50</ITEM>
<ITEM>Gabrieli 58</ITEM>
<ITEM>Gondi 62</ITEM>
<ITEM>Gualtieri 66</ITEM>
<ITEM>Genois 98</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>H</HEAD>
<ITEM>Harach 44</ITEM>
<ITEM>Homodei 59</ITEM>
<ITEM>The <HI>Cardinal Lantgrave of He&s;&s;e</HI> 72</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>I</HEAD>
<ITEM>Imperiable 69</ITEM>
<ITEM>Empire 80</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<PB REF="9">
<HEAD>L</HEAD>
<ITEM>Lugo 58</ITEM>
<ITEM>Ludovi&s;io 60</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>M</HEAD>
<ITEM>D. Mario 14</ITEM>
<ITEM>D. Medicis Charls <HI>Cardinal.</HI> 38</ITEM>
<ITEM>Maculano 47</ITEM>
<ITEM>Mazarin 50</ITEM>
<ITEM>D. Medicis John. 60</ITEM>
<ITEM>Maldachino 67</ITEM>
<ITEM>Modena 100</ITEM>
<ITEM>Mantoua 101</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>O</HEAD>
<ITEM>Ode&s;calco 67</ITEM>
<ITEM>Ottobuono <HI>lb.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>P</HEAD>
<ITEM><HI>The</HI> Pope 3</ITEM>
<ITEM>Pallavicino 30</ITEM>
<ITEM>Pallotta 45</ITEM>
<ITEM>Pio 64</ITEM>
<PB REF="9">
<ITEM>Paulucci 75</ITEM>
<ITEM>Pologna 95</ITEM>
<ITEM>Parma 99</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>Q</HEAD>
<ITEM><HI>Queen of</HI> Sweden, 78</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>R</HEAD>
<ITEM>Ro&s;piglio&s;i 29</ITEM>
<ITEM>Ro&s;&s;etti 49</ITEM>
<ITEM>Rondanini 57</ITEM>
<ITEM>Raggi 59</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>S</HEAD>
<ITEM>Spada <HI>Virg.</HI> 34</ITEM>
<ITEM>Spada <HI>de Bre&s;ighele.</HI> 39</ITEM>
<ITEM>Sachetti 40</ITEM>
<ITEM>Santa Croce 61</ITEM>
<ITEM>Spada <HI>of</HI> Luca 66</ITEM>
<ITEM>Sforza 73</ITEM>
<ITEM>Sagredo 77</ITEM>
<ITEM>Spain 89</ITEM>
<ITEM>Savoy 96</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<PB REF="10">
<HEAD>T</HEAD>
<ITEM>Triumvirat, vide <HI>C. A. I.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>To&s;cany 97</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>V</HEAD>
<ITEM>&V;r&s;in 55</ITEM>
<ITEM>Vidman 65</ITEM>
<ITEM>Venice 10<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"></ITEM>
</LIST>
</DIV1>
</FRONT>
<BODY>
<DIV1 TYPE="discourse">
<PB REF="10">
<HEAD>A RELATION Of The State of the <HI>CO&V;RT</HI> Of ROME.</HEAD>
<P>_I Cannot but acquit my &s;elf of what is due from all tho&s;e, who having fini&s;hed the employment wherewith your <HI>Serene Repub|lique</HI> hath honoured them, re|turning back to their Country, bring home with them the Fruit they have gleaned in their Ob&s;ervations on the Forms of Government; the De&s;igns and Maxims of
<PB N="2" REF="11"> tho&s;e Princes near whom they have re&s;ided, together with all &s;uch other things as they e&s;teem mo&s;t wor|thy to be known, and noted by your Excellencies.</P>
<P>I &s;hall be brief in the quantity of things I have to &s;ay, reducing them to what is mo&s;t e&s;&s;ential, that thereby they may be the more firmly imprinted in your Memories, and &s;hall make but three Chapters of them.</P>
<P>In the Fir&s;t, I &s;hall treat of the Nature, the Qualities, the Pa&s;&s;ions, the Inclinations, and the De&s;igns of Pope <HI>Alexander</HI> VII, the Kindred of his <HI>Holine&s;s</HI> who have part in the Government, and his other Confidents, to whom he is accu&s;tomed to com|municate the mo&s;t important intere&s;ts of the Papacy.</P>
<P>In the Second, I &s;hall &s;peak of the College of the Cardinals, and give an account in &s;hort of the Intere&s;ts, and the good and bad Qualities of each of them.</P>
<P>In the Third, I will declare the rea&s;ons, by which one may conclude, whether the Pope have any in|clination to love one Nation more than another; And I promi&s;e your Excellencies, the &s;ame Sincerity and the &s;ame Indifferency, which in &s;o many years Service as I have rendred you, may have made you know is become natural to me, and without which I can undertake nothing, without putting a con&s;traint or force upon my humor.</P>
<P>I &s;hould never have enter'd upon the particulars of the Behaviour, the Pa&s;&s;ions and Qualities of the pre&s;ent Pope, if any other had done it before me: But &s;eeing the Lord <HI>Sagredi</HI> left <HI>Rome</HI> in the fir&s;t year of this Pope's A&s;&s;umption, at which time his Ho|line&s;s profe&s;&s;ed to have Sentiments quite contrary to what appeared the years following: and that the Lord <HI>Girolamo Giu&s;tincani,</HI> who was able to have
<PB N="3" REF="11"> exactly ob&s;erved, and &s;ounded all the&s;e &s;ecrets, de|cea&s;ed a few months after he had begun his em|ployment, and &s;o could not therein &s;how the heighth and &s;agacity of his Wit. I find my &s;elf obliged to undertake &s;o important a Work, &s;o much the more difficult, as being extremly nice, and very ea&s;ie to be mi&s;taken, becau&s;e of the profe&s;&s;ion every one makes at <HI>Rome</HI> to keep his inclinations &s;o conceal'd, that it &s;hould be impo&s;&s;ible to di&s;cover them.</P>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<P>BEginning then with the Exterior parts, which are mo&s;t ea&s;ie to be known, for I &s;hall <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">enetrate into the Interior afterwards. Pope <HI>Alexander</HI> the VII, who at pre&s;ent &s;its in the Chair, was born at <HI>Siena,</HI> the &s;ixth day of <HI>February,</HI> in the year 1599, &s;o that he hath pa&s;&s;ed the one and &s;ixtieth year of his age on the &s;ame day of this pre&s;ent year 1660. It is now the &s;ixth year of his being Pope, which began on the &s;eventh day of this pre&s;ent month of <HI>April.</HI> This Pope does not enjoy a health which can be called perfect, becau&s;e it is &s;ubject to divers &s;uch alterations, as do not ordinarily give us any hopes of a long life. The fir&s;t is a great Humidity of the Brain, which obliges him to keep his head ever very Hot. Nor does this &s;uffice to hinder the bad effects of it; &s;ince his teeth being &s;poiled and lo&s;t by the continual defluxion which fell upon them, he hath &s;o few left, that if he had not &s;upplied that want, by cau&s;ing Artificial ones to be &s;et in their &s;tead, it would be a great hindrance to his &s;peech: Nor does he &s;peak plain with all this Art, and not being able therewith to chaw &s;uffi|ciently, he is nece&s;&s;itated to eat onely Liquid things, which have no need of being chewed; and although they &s;hould naturally be of a more ea&s;ie dige&s;tion, yet experience tells us, that they do not always &s;uc|ceed
<PB N="4" REF="12"> with him, &s;ince he is &s;ubject to indi&s;po&s;itions and qualms in his &s;tomach, which can be attributed to nothing but indige&s;tion, the debility of his natural heat hindring the concoction of &s;uch nouri&s;hing meats as they ordinarily feed him with. Exerci&s;e, however, does him good, for he walks in the Gal|lery, and in his Garden, and &s;ometimes a foot in tho&s;e Streets that are the lea&s;t frequented about the City. He finds ca&s;e likewi&s;e in Purgations, for which purpo&s;e he ordains the Retreat he makes in the Campagnia of <HI>Rome,</HI> both Spring and Fall. From all which it happens, that being a&s;&s;aulted on the one &s;ide by the weakne&s;s of his Complexion, and upheld on the other hand by all that the Art and Indu&s;try of Man can invent, he may hold out po&s;&s;ibly to the three and &s;ixtieth year of his age, which will be his Climaterical, for at that time are tho&s;e bad humors principally encrea&s;ed and &s;tirred up. He is not free from the pain of the Stone, which is &s;o ordinary at <HI>Rome,</HI> being very often tormented with the difficulty of making Urine by certain little Stones, which are &s;oone&s;t bred in tho&s;e of a delicate con&s;titution, and who apply them&s;elves to bu&s;ine&s;s. For it is certain, that none can tie them&s;elves to it more than the Pope does, who hardly lets pa&s;s any morning with|out giving audience, employing the remainder of the day in the di&s;cu&s;&s;ion of the mo&s;t knotty affairs. And although he does &s;ometimes diverti&s;e his more troubled and wearied thoughts by Entertainments of <HI>Literature,</HI> as of <HI>Poetry, Hi&s;tory</HI> or <HI>Policy</HI> among&s;t Learned men; it is neverthele&s;s impo&s;&s;ible but his Spirits mu&s;t then likewi&s;e be very bu&s;ie and intent, in making reflexions on the choice di&s;cour&s;es have been held before him; to which mu&s;t be added &s;uch things as &s;ometimes di&s;quiet him; &s;o that it is no
<PB N="5" REF="12"> wonder, if with all this a complexion of it &s;elf but feeble, cannot &s;uffice to all that is nece&s;&s;ary for the functions of his natural life.</P>
<P>The Pope is of a &s;tature rather low than midling, of a black hair, which never till now beg<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">n to turn gray, and, which is a &s;ign of the debility of his natu|ral heat, his skin is white, inclining a little to the Leaden colour&punc; which is likewi&s;e another convincing proof of that di&s;po&s;ition I have before noted. He loves neatne&s;s, and indeed an extraordinary decency in all things, but particularly in his diet and cloaths; and therefore the care and indu&s;try of tho&s;e that cover his Table, and make ready his Viands, is &s;o great, that they omit nothing imaginable, for the lea&s;t fault, either in the Meats them&s;elves, or the Dre&s;&s;ing of them, were enough to anger him. But for his Cloaths, he is as curious of the be&s;t Linnen, as if he were yet in the flower of his Youth; nor does it &s;uffice him to be cloathed in the mo&s;t ex|qui&s;it Cloth, but he mu&s;t have his Garments en|riched with all the Adornments that can give them mo&s;t lu&s;tre and price: as it is well known that when he goes into the Country, he wears &s;ome that are garni&s;hed with little Diamond Buttons, and other Ornaments, both Co&s;tly and Magnificent. He hath the &s;ame curio&s;ity for the Places he dwells in, and plea&s;eth him&s;elf wonderfully in fair Hou&s;es, which are &s;o contrived as to bring in the Light on every &s;ide, and where nothing more can be de&s;ired either in the Structure or the Ornament; which is the cau&s;e, that in the Hou&s;e whether he retires in Spring and Autumn, he was not contented with what <HI>Urban</HI> had done, but hath added new quarters to it, and changed tho&s;e that were there already, that it might be magnificent and Royal. He hath
<PB N="6" REF="13"> enlarged the Palace of the <HI>Quirinal</HI> with fair and long Apartments, for the u&s;e of &s;uch as belong to the Popes Hou&s;e, having had as little regard for the great expences required in the con&s;truction of tho&s;e Edifices, as if he had Mines of Gold, or as if the Se|curity of the Eccle&s;ia&s;tical State had con&s;i&s;ted there|in. But the Popes plea&s;ure is not bounded with the enlarging and embelli&s;hing onely of the Papal Pa|laces, he &s;hows the &s;ame pa&s;&s;ion for the whole City. And thus it being in his thoughts and de&s;ign to em|belli&s;h it in the &s;ame manner, as tho&s;e <HI>Roman</HI> Empe|rors formerly with much care and heat endeavoured to do, to wit, <HI>Augu&s;tus, Ve&s;pa&s;ian, Domitian,</HI> and others, he hath given full power to the Magi&s;trate, who hath the office of &s;urveying the Streets, to pull down Hou&s;es and Palaces, where he judges the con|veniency and ornament of the City does require it. So that, in effect, one may &s;ee them very bu&s;ie every day in demoli&s;hing of antient Structures, either to make &s;ome places the more &s;pacious &amp; uniform, or to open a fitter way to &s;ome new &s;treets, and to that purpo&s;e there is a Tax impo&s;ed on the neighbouring Dwel|lings, which obliges the Proprietors to pay to tho&s;e, who&s;e Hou&s;es have been pulled down, a &s;um pro|portionate to their value. And the Pope does &s;o much delight herein, that as long as his time la&s;ts, he will not ab&s;tain from making the&s;e changes, there being never want of occa&s;ion, either to remove, or to rebuild in a City, where in the time the <HI>Bar|barians</HI> po&s;&s;e&s;&s;ed it, the Hou&s;es were rai&s;ed without any Symmetry, onely for the convenience of the In|habitants; and from this ari&s;es &s;o many complaints in the City, that without any nece&s;&s;ity, onely for the fancy and plea&s;ure of the Pope, and &s;ometimes of his Mini&s;ters, many Families, that have but mean For|tunes,
<PB N="7" REF="13"> &s;hould feel the weight of &s;uch grand Pay|ments, which brings them neither benefit nor con|veniency in return. But that which exceeds all the&s;e exce&s;&s;ive Expences, is, what he hath be&s;towed upon that great and va&s;t ma&s;&s;ie <HI>Portico</HI> which he hath undertaken to rai&s;e round about the place of the <HI>Ba&s;ilique Vaticane,</HI> for having changed the De&s;ign that famous Architect <HI>Michael Angel B<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ota<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ola</HI> had formerly laid, who wrought with &s;o much &s;ucce&s;s at the &s;ame Temple of St. <HI>Peters,</HI> and reduced this work to one range of <HI>Porticos,</HI> which without any ex|ce&s;&s;ive expence would have made it an admirable Structure, and very commodious for the Coaches, either when it rained or &s;hined; having changed this de&s;ign, I &s;ay, he follows that of &s;ome Modern Architects, who have made it of an extraordinary greatne&s;s, for it is to be of a Circular form, with three Walks or Alleys, and all of Stone of <HI>Tivoli.</HI> And although the Architects have found by their Calculation, that the expence will not exceed five hundred thou&s;and Crowns; yet if we reckon accor|ding to what the little that is fini&s;hed already hath co&s;t, we &s;hall find, that what is proportionably to be done, cannot be completed hardly for a million of Crowns.</P>
<P>The&s;e high and great de&s;igns are very certain marks, that the Pope has a Soul truly Royal; and truly he makes it appear in all the publick actions he undertakes, as may be &s;een by the reception he made of the Queen of <HI>Sweden,</HI> in which he omitted nothing that might add any glory or lu&s;tre to make it proud and equal, if it were po&s;&s;ible, to the Ancient <HI>Roman</HI> Triumphs; and by his Magnificence he in|oited the whole Court to &s;hew the complai&s;ance
<PB N="8" REF="14"> they take in following and imitating herein the in|clinations of his Holine&s;s: But when we con&s;ider on the one &s;ide, that the Apo&s;tolique Chamber is drained by the in&s;atiability of the preceding Popes, and on the other &s;ide, that the times are mi&s;erable and bad, the profu&s;ion of &s;o much Trea&s;ure appears to the world to be ill husbandry and not in &s;ea&s;on, &s;ince it might have been employ'd with more prai&s;e and merit, and to better purpo&s;e, for the mo&s;t pre&s;&s;ing Nece&s;&s;ities of <HI>Chri&s;tendom,</HI> who looking upon <HI>Rome</HI> as the North-Star to guide them, and the Pope as their Tutelary God, cannot but be afflicted to be|hold him, in&s;tead of healing their wounds and com|po&s;ing their di&s;tractions, amu&s;ing and plea&s;ing him|&s;elf in rai&s;ing and adorning of &s;tarely Walls. How|ever, it cannot be denied, but &s;uch great Spirits do extremely thir&s;t after Glory and Renown. The wi&s;e&s;t men, who perceived it from the beginning, al|ways &s;coffed at the Popes &s;paringne&s;s in the fir&s;t years of his Reign, as not being willing to &s;ee his neare&s;t kindred, much le&s;s inrich them: nay more, it was their opinion, that he affected this little glory of re|nouncing his particular Intere&s;ts, thereby to acquire him&s;elf a greater afterwards, as if already he had the ambition to do tho&s;e things, which Popes of a mo&s;t holy life could never do before: But &s;ince that the world has found the Pope extremely glad to be induced by the Cardinals and the Mini&s;ters of other Princes, to call tho&s;e of his Family to <HI>Rome,</HI> while in &s;o doing it might appear, that he was rather prompted to it by the earne&s;t intreaties of all the Court, than by the <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">latteries of his kindred. <HI>Rome</HI> <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters"> too &s;ubtle, and can dive too far into the de&s;igns of tho&s;e that command her not to perceive this, and now rigorou&s;ly &s;oever they forbid them from judging of
<PB N="9" REF="14"> the actions of their Princes; yet would they not forbear it on this occa&s;ion. And to &s;ay truth, they could not apprehend how the Pope, who hath &s;o much ambition to revive the memory of his Ance|&s;tors, could &s;uffer it to be buried in the oblivion of his kindred yet living; the&s;e were contradictions that could not in any wi&s;e be reconciled. But, however it were then, certain it is, that at pre&s;ent they are &s;o well at their ea&s;e, that &s;hould the Pope die, they will have no cau&s;e to envie others riches: anon I &s;hall give the rea&s;ons more particularly. But e're I go further, I will not omit to let you know the Original of this Hou&s;e, and by what degrees the Pope could ri&s;e to &s;o high a Dignity.</P>
<P>His Nobility is as con&s;iderable as could be in the City of <HI>Siena,</HI> where they are regi&s;tred in the num|ber of tho&s;e antient Families, that have been ho|noured with &s;uch Commands as that City is wont to be&s;tow upon her Members, and have maintained them&s;elves by their Alliance with tho&s;e Families that were nothing inferior to them. But this is not the fir&s;t time that they have made them&s;elves known at <HI>Rome.</HI> In the time of <HI>Julius</HI> the Second the Hou&s;e of the <HI>Chigi</HI> had employments in the Court, not of Prelature, but Offices in the Chamber, which &s;preads the names of tho&s;e that exerci&s;e them over all parts; and at that time the <HI>Chigi</HI> made theirs the more known, becau&s;e they hapned to &s;erve a Pope both pa&s;&s;ionate and turbulent above all others. Whence follows, that becau&s;e of the profu&s;ion of monies tho&s;e that are thus ra&s;h are forced to make u&s;e of to maintain the Wars they undertake. <HI>Augu|&s;tine Chigi,</HI> who managed the Trea&s;ury, had a fair opportunity to play his part, being naturally active.
<PB N="10" REF="15"> But though he were very &s;tirring, and that there was much jealou&s;ie about the admini&s;tration, yet <HI>Julius</HI> never had the lea&s;t di&s;tru&s;t of his integrity, on the contrary he te&s;tifi'd the good opinion he had of him by tho&s;e marks of Honor he be&s;towed, in ado|pting both him and his Heirs into the Hou&s;e of the <HI>Rovere,</HI> who&s;e Arms they bear to this day.</P>
<P>Since that, in the time of <HI>Paul</HI> III, (as great employments are expo&s;ed to great dangers) tho&s;e of the Hou&s;e of <HI>Chigi</HI> found them&s;elves eclip&s;ed a little of their fir&s;t &s;plendor, which was cau&s;e that the be&s;t of their means being alienated, and e&s;pecially their delicious Garden on the <HI>Tyber,</HI> ju&s;t oppo&s;ite to the Palace of <HI>Farne&s;e,</HI> which remained to the Hou&s;e that held the Chair, they returned to their Country, where in a moderate, but honorable condition, they quietly pa&s;&s;ed their time, till an opportunity offered it &s;elf to <HI>Fabius Chigi,</HI> who is Pope at pre&s;ent, and who was then a young boy of great hopes, to re|in&s;tate him&s;elf in a better fortune, as he was encou|raged by his Parents and Friends, who believed, that a per&s;on adorned with all manner of virtues would much wrong him&s;elf, &s;hould he hide tho&s;e rich Talents, and let them lie buried in idlene&s;s, by not going out from the gates of his own City. But he was hindred by the little wealth he had, and al&s;o becau&s;e his friends had not been able to advance them&s;elves during the long interval that tho&s;e of his Family had been kept from the Court: Neverthele&s;s, where power is wanting, his confidence in putting him&s;elf forward by what means &s;oever &s;hewed it &s;elf. For being come to <HI>Rome,</HI> he got acquaintance of the Marquis <HI>Pallavicino,</HI> at that time a young man of great virtue, and for that cau&s;e ever very welcom
<PB N="11" REF="15"> to <HI>Urbane.</HI> This is he, who &s;ince made him&s;elf a Je&s;uite, and who having been promoted to a Cardi|nal&s;hip &s;ometime &s;ince, will oblige us to &s;peak &s;ome|what of him hereafter.</P>
<P>This Marquis then brought him to the Pope's feet, and pre&s;ented him as a per&s;on capable to bring any bu&s;ine&s;s about with honour, when ever any oc|ca&s;ion profer'd to &s;erve the Holy Chair. His manner of deportment plea&s;ed the Pope, &s;o that how mean &s;oever his e&s;tabli&s;hment were at fir&s;t, it was not long ere he was appointed to be Inqui&s;itor at <HI>Malta,</HI> in which employment he having made his worth ap|pear, was &s;hortly after &s;ent in quality of Vice-Legate to <HI>Ferara.</HI> There it was, that what had been conceived of his virtue being made known, he was &s;ent Nuncio to <HI>Collen,</HI> in a time when the divi&s;ions of Chri&s;tendome were at their heighth. And al|though in this employment he did not &s;ucceed &s;o well as to conclude the Peace, yet he performed his part and devoire admirably well. But becau&s;e the Prote&s;tant Forces prevailed, with whom he could have no communication, being Mini&s;ter to the Pope, it was not &s;ufficient that he had induced the Catholiques to make a fair and ju&s;t accommodation, whil&s;t the others &s;tood &s;tifly on their exce&s;&s;ive pre|tences, &s;o that he could not act as it might have been hoped he would have done, had he been to Negotiate between two Parties of the &s;ame Religion: but what is wonderful, is that the <HI>Spaniards</HI> and the <HI>Imperiali&s;ts,</HI> who were both tired and di&s;contented, being brought to this pa&s;s to make the be&s;t accom|modation they could, the fir&s;t with the <HI>Hollanders,</HI> and the others with the <HI>French,</HI> not onely without any advantage, but even to the prejudice of Reli|gion,
<PB N="12" REF="16"> and the Nuncio having expre&s;&s;ed a great deal of his di&s;plea&s;ure to both of them, he did it yet in &s;uch a manner as left no ill impre&s;&s;ion on either Party, but on the contrary they were much edified to find nothing but zeal in him, judging thereby that he was &s;o much a better Mini&s;ter to his Prince, by how much he di&s;approved what they had re&s;olved to do, rather out of nece&s;&s;ity than any good-will, onely to pre&s;erve both them&s;elves and their Religion from greater danger.</P>
<P>He behaved him&s;elf with the &s;ame prudence when he returned to <HI>Rome,</HI> for being called to the charge of fir&s;t Secretary, though he &s;ucceeded the Cardinal <HI>Pancirolo,</HI> in whom Nature had a&s;&s;embled all the circum&s;pection and craft that could be de&s;ired, and that he was to &s;erve a Pope &s;o difficult to be plea&s;ed, as <HI>Innocent</HI> was; yet did he carry things &s;o well, as that Pope was fully &s;atisfi'd in all matters that he negotiated; and above all things he &s;hunn'd as a precipice medling with the intere&s;t of the Pope's Niece, who would have all the Mini&s;ters to ac|knowledge &s;he was both Lady and Mi&s;tris of that Prelate; and the Pope had &s;o great a con&s;ideration for him, that being at the la&s;t extremity, where the heart &s;peaks more then the tongue, and where all di&s;&s;imulation is laid a&s;ide, he recommended him as a man very worthy to &s;ucceed him in the Papacy; &s;o that it was not without rea&s;on that your Lord&s;hips from that time conceived for the Cardinal <HI>Chigi,</HI> that good opinion that ever &s;ince they have had of him, and among&s;t tho&s;e you recommended to the Lords Cardinals <HI>Bragadino, Vidman</HI> and <HI>Ottobuono,</HI> I re|member that he was the fir&s;t named by tho&s;e that re|pre&s;ented you in <HI>Germany,</HI> as having all tho&s;e merits requi&s;ite to fill the vacant Chair: which al&s;o hath
<PB N="13" REF="16"> very happily &s;ucceeded. And truly, if we con&s;ider the good conduct of his life, the integrity of his manners, and his knowledge of the Intere&s;ts of all States, which are all qualities that meet in the Pope's Per|&s;on, there is no cau&s;e you &s;hould repent your wi&s;hing it, or your having laboured to rai&s;e him: but the mi&s;chief is, that what goodne&s;s and integrity &s;oever the Cardinals have, they no &s;ooner begin to ta&s;te the &s;weetne&s;s of being Ma&s;ters, and having no Supe|rior but God, but they change their natures, and think them&s;elves no longer obliged to follow tho&s;e Maxims they &s;aid were rooted in their Souls whil&s;t they were Cardinals.</P>
<P>Who would believe that Pope <HI>Alexander</HI> having &s;o great a capacity, whereby he can truly judge of the dangers Chri&s;tianity is in, &s;hould have a&s;&s;i&s;ted the <HI>Turk</HI> to advance and e&s;tabli&s;h an Ar&s;enal in <HI>Candia</HI> of all his Forces, and that he &s;hould have &s;hewed him&s;elf every way &s;o ob&s;tinate, as he did, in refu&s;ing tho&s;e benefits which might &s;erve in this con|juncture?</P>
<P>Who would ever have thought, that a Cardinal, who, before his promotion to the Cardinal&s;hip, breathed nothing but zeal, and &s;eemed to langui&s;h with &s;orrow, to behold the mi&s;erable e&s;tate that Chri&s;tendom was going to be plunged into by that ob&s;tinate War between two of her greate&s;t Crowns, &s;hould not, being rai&s;ed to the Holy Chair, burn with the like ardor for a general peace?</P>
<P>Who would have believed, that when the mo&s;t e&s;&s;ential matters were agreed upon for the healing of our pre&s;ent mi&s;eries, he &s;hould &s;eek to quarrel
<PB N="14" REF="17"> for very &s;light rea&s;ons, which have no other object<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> but either to amplifie his juri&s;diction, or maintain his own Opinions and Sentiments? I &s;hall hint at many of the&s;e changes in this di&s;cour&s;e, that your mo&s;t &s;erene Lord&s;hips may con&s;ider, as they have ever done, what confidence they may put in the words and promi&s;es of the&s;e Cardinals before and af|ter their Elevation to the Papacy, who becau&s;e they cannot at fir&s;t gain&s;ay, what they have &s;o lately de|clared they would do, afterwards by degrees lay a&s;ide all manner of re&s;pect during their Reign, and onely knit them&s;elves to what their own proper intere&s;ts, or the &s;ugge&s;tions of their flatterers in&s;pire them with. But, in the mean time, not to omit what I promi&s;ed at the beginning to make known, con|cerning the Pope's neare&s;t kindred; tho&s;e towards whom his Holine&s;s bears the greate&s;t affection, are the Lord <HI>Don Mario</HI> his Brother, who married a Gentlewoman of <HI>Siena</HI> of the Hou&s;e <HI>de la Cia<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">a,</HI> and the Lord <HI>Flavio</HI> his Son, at this time Cardinal, and firnamed the Cardinal <HI>Padrone,</HI> that is to &s;ay, Ma|&s;ter. He hath a like, and perhaps a greater affection for the Lord <HI>Augu&s;tin,</HI> the Son of another Brother, who was named <HI>Augu&s;tin:</HI> and this was he who having two years &s;ince married the Prince <HI>Borghe&s;e</HI>'s Si&s;ter, remained Head of the Family after the death of <HI>Don Mario.</HI> I think it therefore nece&s;&s;ary to give an ac|count of all the&s;e to your mo&s;t Serene Lord&s;hips, &s;ince, as I have already &s;aid, the divers accidents that hapned, did not permit your Mini&s;ters to re|late any thing to you of certainty.</P>
<P>The Lord <HI>Don Mario,</HI> who is five years elder then the Pope, is beloved of his Holine&s;s, as much as the tie and relation of kindred between them, and the
<PB N="15" REF="17"> re&s;pect he hath ever had for him does require, with|out having, however received any other favour: becau&s;e the &s;aid Lord <HI>Don Mario</HI> having for the mo&s;t part had but a mean fortune, could nor a&s;&s;i&s;t him, being young, any otherwi&s;e than by wi&s;hing he might arrive to that grandeur, and by pre&s;aging his felicity, the little wealth that came to his &s;hare be|ing allotted to other u&s;es. And as he nothing at all re&s;embles the Pope in vi&s;age, &s;o likewi&s;e are their manners and genius very different. The one is lean, and the other is fat: the one is great, and the other little: the one is &s;low and mild, and the other is prompt and &s;evere: the one is addicted to &s;tudy and learning, the other never applies him&s;elf to it: the the one is of a high &s;pirit, and ever undertaking great things, the other burns with covetou&s;ne&s;s, and plea&s;es him&s;elf with nothing but in &s;eeking out the means to ama&s;s much Trea&s;ure: And becau&s;e the Pope hath a good opinion of his integrity, he hath given him the Government of <HI>Rome,</HI> in what con|cerns the means to maintain abundance or plenty, and to content the people. But in&s;tead of that, there is nothing el&s;e heard over all the City but complaints again&s;t his Mini&s;ters or Officers, who buy and ingro&s;s before the &s;ea&s;on, to retail and &s;ell it to advantage, and who have other Monopolies, not onely of Profits, which none till his time had ever thought on or practis'd, but likewi&s;e all tho&s;e which cu&s;tome had allowed under other Popes, who&s;e neare&s;t kindred ever manag'd them. In the pre&s;ent Government there is this be&s;ides, that they do what they can to improve the Offices more than ordinary, which are us'd to belong to the Pope's kindred, by &s;uch ways and &s;ubtilties as were never heretofore made trial of.</P>
<PB N="16" REF="18">
<P>In the Government of <HI>Borgo,</HI> where the Lord <HI>Don Mario</HI> exerci&s;ing his juri&s;diction, makes that of Governor of <HI>Rome</HI> to cea&s;e with a notable augmen|tation of the Profits of his Tribunal, he makes u&s;e of &s;o much rigour, that every day one hears nothing but lamentations, and by his inexorablene&s;s to &s;hew favour, he makes the pre&s;ent Government to be|come more and more odious. It hath &s;eldome hap|ned to me to have had any affairs with his Excel|lency, becau&s;e it belongs not to his Office to med|dle with any matters which the Pope treats of with other Princes, unle&s;s he have an expre&s;s Commi&s;&s;i|on; yet did I not omit to wait upon him at tho&s;e times we are wont to renew our complements; and I ever brought away particular a&s;&s;urances of the great e&s;teem he hath for your mo&s;t &s;erene Lord|&s;hips.</P>
<P>The Lady <HI>Berenice</HI> his Wife, although &s;he were born in a City where they &s;eldome live after the Court fa&s;hion, hath &s;o admirably fa&s;hion'd her &s;elf to it in the &s;hort time &s;he lived at <HI>Rome,</HI> that &s;he is able at pre&s;ent to teach others: which we mu&s;t not wonder at, &s;ince whatever the &s;peaks is naturally ac|compani'd with &s;uch a certain kind of mode&s;ty and affability, as gains the affection and attracts the re|&s;pect of all tho&s;e that conver&s;e with her. She may be about 48 years of age. She is rarely admitted to the Pope's pre&s;ence; nor does &s;he &s;eek very much to crave his favour, it being &s;o enjoyned her at her fir&s;t appearance in <HI>Rome,</HI> that &s;o by her ab&s;taining to intermeddle in things not concerning her, the Court might perceive how odious it was for the Niece of Pope <HI>Innocent</HI> to delight in the management of all affairs; wherein he that &s;uffered it was much more blameable than her &s;elf.</P>
<PB N="17" REF="18">
<P>The Cardinal <HI>Flavio Chigi,</HI> is a young man of 29 years, of a mean heighth, black hair'd, and his vi&s;age round and fat, of a con&s;titution mixt betwixt a San|gnine &amp; Melanchollique. He would enjoy his health more perfectly were he but moderate in his diet, wherein he exceeds: for he eats much, &amp; very nouri&s;h|ing meats, without regarding the precepts given him for the pre&s;ervation of his health. It is &s;aid likewi&s;e, that he's not &s;o moderate as he ought to be in his plea|&s;ures of the fle&s;h, which obliges him oftner than might be expected from his youth, to keep his bed: but the Phy&s;itians, becau&s;e the Cardinal forbids them, do not tell the Pope the true rea&s;ons of his confinement, for fear his Holine&s;s &s;hould have an ill opinion of him, and look upon him as a debauche', that loves both Wine and Women too much. I cannot affirm any thing with certainty of his ability in affairs, becau&s;e if he be able to do no more than he does, I mu&s;t &s;ay, that he can do but little, &s;ince one gets no|thing from him but complements, fair excu&s;es, or promi&s;es, which in the end turn to nothing, making all his an&s;wers &s;peak either of the repug|nance he met with in his Holine&s;s, or &s;ome other motive, that was occa&s;ion of the refu&s;al, or delay of an Affair. And for this rea&s;on, I thought it far better in any thing of importance to go my &s;elf directly to the Pope, than to make u&s;e of the interce&s;&s;ion of the Cardinal, who being for the mo&s;t part diverted by his Pa&s;times, either forgets &s;ome of tho&s;e circum|&s;tances which are very e&s;&s;ential to a bu&s;ine&s;s, which might make the &s;ucce&s;s the more ea&s;ie, or el&s;o ac|quie&s;ces with the fir&s;t denial, or difficulty the Pope makes in it; and this brings afterwards a double trou|ble, fir&s;t to inform him quite anew, and then to take off &s;ome prejudice or mi&s;con&s;truction it may before
<PB N="18" REF="19"> have left on his &s;pirit. I have been forc'd to &s;teer the &s;ame cour&s;e, when I hapned to have any Petition to pre&s;ent, to obtain the provi&s;ions of &s;ome benefits for any &s;uch per&s;on as had de&s;erved well, either of the State or the Emba&s;&s;ie it &s;elf, becau&s;e if I reli'd upon the promi&s;e of the Cardinal, I commonly found my &s;elf deceived. He would &s;end me back to the Car|dinal <HI>Dater</HI> that Signs &s;uch Writings, a&s;&s;uring me, that the Pope referred him&s;elf wholly in matters of Collation of Benefices to him. So that perceiving it was pure weakne&s;s of judgment it proceeded from, or the little care he took to do me any courte&s;ie, I never afterwards made any great account of his mediation; when I had occa&s;ion to treat of any thing that required di&s;patch: becau&s;e this Cardinal, who is called the Ma&s;ter, does exerci&s;e his Ma&s;ter&s;hip more in &s;pending his time merily, and avoiding the mo&s;t he can all trouble&s;ome affairs that di&s;turb his mind, than in rendring him&s;elf con&s;iderable, as he might be, in an employment that gives him the greate&s;t authority. This Cardinal does not &s;how any great de&s;ire of heaping up riches, becau&s;e, per|haps, having no Nephews i&s;&s;ued from Brothers, and finding his Branch ends in him, he little cares to ac|quire much Trea&s;ure to enrich the De&s;cendants of his Cou&s;in <HI>Don Augu&s;tin,</HI> on whom otherwi&s;e all the advantages that Fortune can be&s;tow on a Man, will fall. In things indifferent this Cardinal hath ever treated me very civilly, and hath &s;hewed me a par|ticular affection; and truly I believe, if he had but more courage to undergo the part he acts, by his means, one might receive greater favours of his Ho|line&s;s, than tho&s;e which now come from him ordi|narily but by little and little. He &s;hows, that he is vers'd in our Hi&s;tory, for he relates from time to
<PB N="19" REF="19"> time our happy &s;ucce&s;s, and he &s;ays freely, that <HI>Italy</HI> would be very unhappy, had &s;he not had this <HI>Re|publique</HI> for a Bulwark, which hath bounded the ambition of Strangers, and repelled the rage and incroachments of Barbarians. When I took leave of his Excellence, I could not de&s;ire greater expre&s;|&s;ions of his affection than tho&s;e he u&s;ed, accompany|ing them with prote&s;tations, that he would pa&s;s the bounds his Holine&s;s had pre&s;cribed him, to give all kind of &s;atisfaction to your Excellencies in the matters then in hand. The&s;e are his own words, <HI>It is not rea&s;onable that the di&s;content for particular affairs &s;hould cau&s;e a prejudice to that which concerns the General, which is, to maintain the Grandeur of that State in&s;eparable with the &s;plendor of</HI> Italy.</P>
<P>The Lord <HI>Don Mario</HI> hath no other Son than this Cardinal, but he hath be&s;ides two Daughters, married at <HI>Siena</HI> in noble Families, that have but moderate Fortunes, proportionate to the condition of the Family of the <HI>Chigi,</HI> in the time they were married: and the&s;e are they that &s;howed them&s;elves not long &s;ince at <HI>Rome,</HI> where they were exceeding well receiv'd and carre&s;s'd by their Father and their Mother, and the Cardinal <HI>Chigi:</HI> but they were not received with &s;o many tokens of affection by <HI>Don Augu&s;tin,</HI> for the rea&s;ons that I &s;hall declare: I can|not certainly tell, whether they obtained a compe|tency from the Pope to maintain them in the con|dition they are in, becau&s;e things were carried with a great deal of circum&s;pection in not making known what was done, for fear the Court &s;hould think that the Pope wa&s;ted the Deme&s;ns of St. <HI>Peter,</HI> to put his kindreds Wives in a hand&s;ome condition; and for fear likewi&s;e of giving &s;ome cau&s;e of jealou&s;ie to
<PB N="20" REF="20"> <HI>Don Augu&s;tin,</HI> who expecting hereafter to be Chief of the Family, could not but with trouble behold &s;o many others, that were not of the Pope's Ma&s;culine Line, thus gratifi'd or enrich'd: It is certain how|ever, that the Lord <HI>Don Mario</HI> and his Wife, did not let them return empty handed, but gave them a &s;hare of what they had &s;tored up, and do endeavour to encrea&s;e with &s;o much Art and Indu&s;try.</P>
<P>But let us proceed to the other Branch de&s;cended, as I &s;aid, from <HI>Augu&s;tin Chigi,</HI> which con&s;i&s;ts of two Lords, <HI>Don Augu&s;tin</HI> and <HI>Sigi&s;mond.</HI> As for the fir&s;t, who may be about 24 years of age, he is naturally merry, very plea&s;ing and amiable. He never appli'd him&s;elf at all to &s;tudy, but in tho&s;e Exerci&s;es as befits a Gentleman. He loves to pa&s;s his time as well as any man, and cares very little to heap up any thing, becau&s;e he knows there are tho&s;e that do it for him: As &s;oon as ever he came to <HI>Rome,</HI> they thought of providing a Wife for him, and ca&s;t their eyes upon the be&s;t Match in the whole Court, to wit, the Grand-daughter of the Prince <HI>Mark Antony Borghe&s;e.</HI> But they could not bring it to pa&s;s with that facility they imagin'd, becau&s;e the Prince, being a man that was very wary, e&s;pecially when it concerned the in|tere&s;t of his Family, &s;coffed at the Propo&s;ition, &s;ay|ing, <HI>That he &s;hould take that Alliance for a very great honor, but fir&s;t de&s;ired to &s;ee</HI> Don Augu&s;tin <HI>have grea|ter wealth and dignity, that &s;o his Granchild might at lea&s;t be able to keep a rank &s;uitable to her quality and merits.</HI></P>
<P>The&s;e excu&s;es the Prince made were not very plea&s;ing to the Pope, who at the fir&s;t word would have had him made more account of his Alliance
<PB N="21" REF="20" MS="y"> than any other con&s;ideration what&s;oever. For this cau&s;e the bu&s;ine&s;s hung a long while in &s;u&s;pence, but &s;till with repeated applications of Love and Court&s;hip from the Lord <HI>Don Augu&s;tin,</HI> who follow'd it with the more heat, as having the Con&s;table <HI>Co|lonnes</HI> for his Rival, a young man of mo&s;t excellent qualities, and towards whom the Prince&s;s &s;eemed to have a greater inclination than for him&s;elf. But the Prince <HI>Borghe&s;e</HI>'s death hapning thereupon, and the Tutelage falling to the Prince&s;s her Grand-mother, in a few days, by the mediation of the Prin|ce&s;s <HI>Ro&s;&s;ano</HI> her mother, this Match was concluded, con&s;iderable for her great Dowry, which was one hundred and four&s;core thou&s;and Crowns, be&s;ides what might hereafter fall to her by &s;ucce&s;&s;ion, the Hou&s;e of the <HI>Borghe&s;es</HI> having but one more Heir, a young Lord of a &s;omewhat melanchollique con&s;ti|tution, who neverthele&s;s about the &s;ame time, out of divers good con&s;iderations, would needs wed ano|ther young Lady, having more regard to her Beauty and Virtue, than her Riches. <HI>Don Augu&s;tin,</HI> as well as his Holine&s;s, thought, by the contrivance of this Match, which was celebrated with all the Pomp imaginable, that they had e&s;tabli&s;hed the happine&s;s of their Family on the be&s;t foundation that could be; In effect, the Lady being an extra<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">dinary Beauty, and brought up under the Di&s;cipline of her Grand-mother, a very Religious per&s;on, there could be nothing more de&s;ired upon that account; and he hath already begun to ta&s;te the fruits of it, the Prin|ce&s;s having given him the marks of her fertility by the birth of a young Daughter &s;he hath brought him. This does not, however, hinder <HI>Don Augu&s;tin</HI> from diverting him&s;elf el&s;ewhere according as his temper and fancy leads him, and his great inclination to
<PB N="22" REF="21"> plea&s;ure, when it comes in his thoughts. This ful|ne&s;s of all content making him forget his fir&s;t con|dition, hath &s;o puff'd him up with pride, that he &s;eems to take no notice of tho&s;e who pa&s;&s;ing by &s;a|lute him in the &s;treets: which likewi&s;e makes him not &s;o much beloved as his other fairer qualities de&s;erve. Nay, it is not long &s;ince he made &s;hew of the little re&s;pect or regard he had for per&s;ons of great con|dition; for having taken &s;ome di&s;ta&s;te at the pla|cing or fitting of the Con&s;table <HI>Colonnes,</HI> he ap|pointed the Cavalier <HI>de la Ciaja</HI> his Uncle to do a very di&s;obliging act, by thru&s;ting the Con&s;table out of his place at a Comedy, whereat the <HI>Colonnes</HI> be|ing offended, the Pope was extreme angry, and would have it taken up by any means whatever; as it was afterwards done, but in the name of the Ca|valier, who was but an in&s;trument in that actions but this in&s;ulting left a great deal of di&s;content on the &s;pirits of the <HI>Colonnes</HI> again&s;t <HI>Don Augu&s;tin,</HI> who was the principal author of it.</P>
<P>A while after his Nuptials, he purcha&s;ed in the Province of the Patrimony, for &s;eventy thou&s;and Crowns, the Principality of <HI>Farne&s;e,</HI> which is &s;aid to be a Fief of the Empire of four thou&s;and Crowns Revenue. He hath al&s;o purcha&s;ed a con&s;iderable Palace for his Family: but be&s;ides the&s;e, he pur|cha&s;es little, living at va&s;t expences, but upon hopes that the Pope's long life will furni&s;h him with ways enough to enrich and rai&s;e his Family to as brave a heighth as the greate&s;t of the preceding Popes.</P>
<P>I have had divers occa&s;ions to &s;peak with him of his Marriage and other affairs; and he hath ever given me te&s;timony of a great e&s;teem and particular
<PB N="23" REF="21"> affection, which proceeded, as he told me, from the Pope's good-will, from whom I truly never heard any thing, but what was much in prai&s;e of this Se|rene <HI>Republique.</HI></P>
<P>I have ob&s;erved likewi&s;e, that the Prince&s;s his Wife, though &s;he were but a Novice in the way of treating the Mini&s;ters of Princes, hath now informed her &s;elf &s;o far, as to let them know what &s;atisfaction &s;he receives by the devoirs they render her, and how much &s;he is obliged to their civility.</P>
<P>It remains now to &s;peak of <HI>Don Sigi&s;mond,</HI> who arrived at <HI>Rome</HI> but a few weeks before my depar|ture. He is a Youth of twelve years of age, and &s;eems to have much of his Brother's way, and, fora&s;much as can be noted in him at pre&s;ent, is very fair con|dition'd, and of &s;o much judgment, as promi&s;es he will in time prove &s;omewhat. As &s;oon as ever he came, the Pope delighted to rea&s;on with him &s;ome|times, thereby to di&s;cover his vivacity; and was ever well &s;atisfi'd. <HI>Don Augu&s;tine</HI> will do all he can to have him made Cardinal. But if the Pope fol|lows his own Maxims, he &s;hould not favour him therein, having affirmed it a horrid thing to behold &s;uch Under-Branches in the Sacred Colledge. However, we may believe there is nothing but he may do, &s;ince he hath already begun to exceed all that he at fir&s;t propounded to have done. In the in|terim, this little Nephew hath already &s;everal Pen|&s;ions, and if the Pope &s;urvive his Infancy, it may then be ea&s;ier to obtain a Cardinals Hat for him.</P>
<P>There are two Nephews by the Pope's Si&s;ter, who married into the Family of the <HI>Bichi;</HI> the one
<PB N="24" REF="22"> is he that was made Cardinal at the la&s;t promotion with the Father <HI>Sforza Pallavicino,</HI> and the other is the Prior, who having re&s;ided &s;omewhile near your Excellencies, in quality of Receiver for the Religion of <HI>Malta,</HI> and having likewi&s;e been three times with the Squadron of the Popes Gallies at <HI>Candia,</HI> in quality of Lieutenant General, hath made him&s;elf fully acquainted to your Excellencies. As touching the fir&s;t, I have no great matter to &s;ay of him, for having not been long at <HI>Rome,</HI> I could not perfectly know him: It is &s;aid, however, that he would have been a better Bi&s;hop than a Cardinal; for he hath made it appear that he can govern a Church well, which is that of <HI>O&s;ime,</HI> where he is Prelate, but he hath not yet &s;hown that he hath the Talent to go thorough any great affairs; nor did I trouble my &s;elf with any further information. I did reve|rence him as I ought, when occa&s;ion profer'd to complement him, and I al&s;o took my leave of him at parting, very well &s;atisfi'd with the manner of his reception, and the &s;entiments he hath for this Republique.</P>
<P>But as for the Prior, whom common Fame com|mends as a man of great merits, he never made me &s;o happy as to know wherein that Virtue con&s;i&s;ts, &s;ince it is re&s;trained within a perfect obedience to tho&s;e that can do him good, or rai&s;e him to &s;ome degrees higher than he yet &s;tands; for he is ob|&s;erved to make &s;uch profound reverences to the Pope's Nephews, that the lowe&s;t of their &s;ervants would not perhaps do the like. But as for his know|ledge in commanding at Sea, and taking his ad|vantages either to attaque, or hotly pur&s;ue an Ene|my, or in di&s;tributing the publick Trea&s;ure ordained
<PB N="25" REF="22"> to that end, I &s;hall not need to wa&s;te time in re|lating it to your Excellencies, &s;ince it was your &s;elves informed me how little benefit had been reaped by the Popes Galleys in the&s;e parts, when commanded by this Cavalier. It is certain, that the la&s;t year there was a great deal of Trea&s;ure put into his hands, and it is as certain by the accounts that have been calculated without his knowledge, he can|not have expended the one half. But there are none &s;o confident as to advertize the Pope of the&s;e mi&s;|demeanors, becau&s;e he having &s;o good an opinion of him, would think it all to be onely &s;pleene and envy that could be alledged again&s;t him: and therefore you commanded me very prudently to ab&s;tain from all complaints, for fear of withdrawing the Pope's good will and forwardne&s;s in pur&s;uing the &s;uccour you demanded of him, which, though it were not di&s;pi&s;eable, became &s;o notwith&s;tanding, by a not exe|cuting of the Pope's true intentions therein. Which made me (though the Cardinal <HI>Chigi</HI> perceived &s;ome|what of the&s;e mi&s;carriages, to whom I might have opened my &s;elf with much freedom and a&s;&s;urance, and neither Pope nor Prior &s;hould have known what I &s;aid, that Cardinal having &s;o little inclination for him) obey your Lord&s;hips mo&s;t punctually in what you commanded. But the common complaints hav|ing no<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> been kept &s;o clo&s;e, but they came to that Car|dinal's ear; he one day, perhaps to oblige me to &s;peak, told me, <HI>That he admired that the Prior, who &s;o much de&s;ired to gain honor and renown, bad not made &s;ome enterprize of him&s;elf, &s;ince he found it unfit to un|dertake any joyntly with others:</HI> But lifting up my &s;houlders, I onely &s;aid, <HI>That it might be, the bad for|tune of the Republique hindred &s;uch men, though very skilful in the Art of War, and valiant, from &s;howing
<PB N="26" REF="23"> any marks of their great courage;</HI> The Cardinal per|ceiving he could get nothing el&s;e out of me, &s;aid &s;miling, <HI>That the Prior had had the good luck to be prized more than he di&s;erved, but yet was unhappy in not being able to maintain that good opinion had been conceived of him.</HI> The two Branches of the Hou&s;e of the <HI>Chigi,</HI> who otherwi&s;e do not agree very well, united together to hinder his being made a Cardinal, and it &s;eemed to them they had done much in ob|taining their ends herein, they judging the Prior to be a man of a great wit, and one who, as &s;oon as he could have had the power to have &s;poken freely, would have made a divi&s;ion in their Hou&s;e; they have more acquaintance with him than my &s;elf, and by con&s;equence may know him better. As for my own part, I never could find any eminent virtue in him, nor do I believe, he de&s;erves to ri&s;e to any great ho|nor, to which he pretends to mount by his di&s;&s;em|bling humour.</P>
<P>There is not among &s;o few kindred as have com|mand, and who are in a direct line, &s;o great concord as there ought to be, and this proceeds from a vain &s;pirit which makes every one of them a&s;pire to rule. The Lord <HI>D. Mario</HI> pretended, that he, as the mo&s;t antient, and next to him, his Son at this time a Cardinal, ought to be head of the Family, and that by right it belonged to him to encrea&s;e their num|ber by marriage. But the Pope, who had a greater affection for his di&s;cea&s;ed Brother, than for him that is living, was of another mind, and from hence aro&s;e the ill-will that hath &s;till encrea&s;ed among&s;t them. The Pope never did any good to any of <HI>D. Mario</HI>'s Family, but <HI>D. Augu&s;tin</HI> interpreted it partiality. He &s;aid, It appeared to Cardinal <HI>Chigi</HI> but a &s;mall mat|ter
<PB N="27" REF="23"> to have the quality of Patron, and the &s;upreme Superintendence of the greate&s;t affairs, unle&s;s they allowed him together with this the Authority of granting all Acts of Grace as he plea&s;ed. He added, That it was little benefit to him to be the Son of a Father, who with his pur&s;e had rai&s;ed the Pope to that heighth of honor, if now, whil&s;t he was in po&s;|&s;e&s;&s;ion, he might nor receive the profits and rewards de&s;erved for his Father's former readine&s;s&punc; and libe|rality. What will become, &s;aid he, of the heaps or of mony <HI>D. Mario</HI> gathers up, unle&s;s to enrich the Hou&s;es of Strangers? meaning his Daughters who were married at <HI>Siena,</HI> leaving tho&s;e naked and un|furni&s;hed which are of the blood of the <HI>Chigi,</HI> who ought &s;till to abound in goods and riches. To which the Cardinal <HI>Chigi</HI> repli'd, That the Authority and Superintendence they had given him &s;tood him in no &s;tead, but to trouble his brain, for which he had a very great aver&s;ion; whereas they had left to the other the enjoyment of all the delights and applau&s;e of the Court: That <HI>D. Augu&s;tin</HI> ta&s;ted more con|tent in the freedom he lived in, being di&s;ingag'd of the management of all publick affairs, than him&s;elf could meet with amid&s;t all that power and authority they had inve&s;ted him withall: And thus neither of them, becau&s;e of the&s;e contentious pretences, which though but whi&s;pered, are apparent and known to all, do enjoy that entire &s;atisfaction they might, were their minds but united, and they contented with tho&s;e degrees of eminent Dignities which Fortune hath lifted them too. The Pope knows nothing of all this, they fearing very much to give him any cau&s;e of di&s;plea&s;ure; and from this con&s;ideration his Holine&s;s does &s;ometimes confer favours upon the one, &s;ometimes upon the other, thereby to keep
<PB N="28" REF="24"> them from all kinde of jealou&s;ie. He permitted <HI>D. Mario</HI> to let his Daughters and their Husbands come to <HI>Rome,</HI> and would have them there attended and &s;erved as became tho&s;e of his own blood. He con&s;ented that <HI>D. Augu&s;tin</HI> &s;hould &s;end for his little Brother to abide with him; but neither of them will remain contented when their Authority cea&s;es, which di&s;quiets them far more than a nece&s;&s;ary &s;er|vitude would do.</P>
<P>The Pope hath now at <HI>Siena,</HI> as I have already &s;aid, many others of his kindred, who are not con|&s;idered much as yet, becau&s;e they are of more re|mote degrees. They may, after the others are &s;uf|ficiently inriched, hope for &s;ome good from his Ho|line&s;s, if he continue long alive, he being natu|rally much inclined to favour tho&s;e of his own Coun|try, by employments proportionate to the abilities of his fellow-Citizens: there are already &s;ome that have principal Offices at Court, who are de&s;ign'd for Cardinals, and there are other places re&s;erved for others, when an occa&s;ion pre&s;ents: To which no|thing can be &s;aid, but the Pope de&s;erves a great deal of prai&s;e, in that he forgets not to do well for his own Country, to which, next to God, we owe our &s;elves; and in that he does not imitate the pride of &s;uch, who being once ab&s;ent loo&s;e the very remem|brance of it, and never take the lea&s;t care for any one that had a being there.</P>
<P>But fora&s;much as the Mini&s;try of the Pope's kin|dred &s;erves onely for &s;plendor and &s;tate, and not in any thing e&s;&s;ential; and that in pre&s;&s;ing and weighty affairs it is requi&s;ite he be fortifi'd with the a&s;&s;i&s;tance of &s;uch as have a clear in&s;ight into the management
<PB N="29" REF="24"> of great Negotiations, from whom, upon occa&s;ion, prudent and &s;olid councel may be taken. I have e&s;teem'd it fit to joyn, to the Po<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">traict I have made of his Holine&s;s kindred, a Character of tho&s;e who are made u&s;e of, in the mo&s;t important intere&s;ts of the Popedome, and &s;uch on who&s;e will depends mo&s;t com|monly the re&s;olution of what is of the greate&s;t con|&s;equence.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<P>THe fir&s;t that pre&s;ents, is the Cardinal <HI>Ro&s;piglio&s;i,</HI> born at <HI>Pi&s;tio<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">e,</HI> who is Secretary of State; One cannot &s;peak &s;o well of him, but he will de&s;erve more, nor can I think there could be found a man worthier of that Office, and the Pope, who knows him well, hath often &s;aid, that he had found a Se|cretary according to his own heart. He hath a great deal of judgment, and is &s;incere and di&s;ingag'd from all intere&s;ts; He is not ob&s;tinate in his opinions; when he hath deliver'd them, he takes plea&s;ure in having them moderated and cen&s;ured; according as the &s;er|vice of his Ma&s;ter does require; He is indifferent in his &s;entiments, and although it be the common be|lief, that having been Nuncio in <HI>Spain,</HI> where he be|came extremely beloved of the King and Court, he might bias that way, and cheri&s;h &s;ome inclinations for the advantage of that Crown; yet it is fal&s;e, be|cau&s;e in my time there were &s;ome troubles in that Court, which might have been appea&s;ed by the Me|diation of a Mini&s;ter &s;o much in credit; but the more they believed he took the <HI>Spaniards</HI> part, the more he ab&s;tained from medling with their intere&s;ts. He did all he was able not to give audience, not de&s;iring any other employment than his own charge, to
<PB N="30" REF="25"> which he applies him&s;elf with all the exactne&s;s po&s;&s;i|ble, carrying every night to his Holine&s;s all his af|fairs dige&s;ted, and taking him&s;elf the pains to exa|mine the Letters, which relate to any intere&s;t that may be any way con&s;iderable. I can &s;ay, that he never &s;eemed to be di&s;plea&s;ed or unwilling to hear me &s;peak; But it is true, that I had a care never to demand audience of him, but in pre&s;&s;ing and earne&s;t occa&s;ions, and always had the &s;atisfaction that could be expected from a Mini&s;ter, obliged to &s;werve the lea&s;t that po&s;&s;ibly could be from the will of his Prince. Now this ought to be the more con&s;idered, becau&s;e if the Holy Chair &s;hould happen to become vacant at this time, I e&s;teem his hopes very well grounded, having the <HI>Spaniards</HI> and the Great Duke on his &s;ide, and probably too the Heads of the Fa|ctions that would predominate in the Conclave, that is to &s;ay, <HI>Barberino,</HI> who in <HI>Urban</HI>'s time fir&s;t moved the wheel of his fortune, and <HI>Chigi</HI> who cheri&s;hes him mo&s;t, as being his Creature.</P>
<P>The &s;econd is the Cardinal <HI>Pallavicino,</HI> of whom the Popes make great e&s;teem, as well for the rea&s;ons I pointed out before, as becau&s;e of the very good opi|nion he hath of him, holding it for certain, that he would never give him any coun&s;el, which were not good and advantagious for the Church. To tell the truth, he is a man that hath very good intentions, and knows much, but he fails in what all tho&s;e or|dinarily do, that have devoted them&s;elves to a &s;olitary life, and who profe&s;s a different way of living from tho&s;e of the world, being extremely ob&s;tinate in their opinions. I have di&s;cour&s;ed with him on &s;everal oc|ca&s;ions, even when he was a Je&s;uit: and although for the intere&s;t of his order, which is now received
<PB N="31" REF="25"> into the favour of your mo&s;t &s;erene Republique, he &s;eemed extremely de&s;irous to do me &s;ome plea&s;ure, yet I never could truly obtain any thing from him. He hath a thou&s;and excu&s;es to defeat one of tho&s;e good offices he might do. Since he was made a Car|dinal, though it were expected one might hope for &s;omewhat more, yet I have found him &s;tanding upon his guard more than ever, pleading the pretence of &s;ome command the Pope had laid on him not to intermeddle in any affair that were not agreeable to him. In a word, I am not &s;atisfi'd with him, al|though he often mention the de&s;erts of his Ance|&s;tors from this Republique, and the obligations, which tho&s;e of his Order do in particular owe unto him. The Pope refers much to him in matters of <HI>Theology</HI> and <HI>Con&s;cience,</HI> and confers with him, too, about tho&s;e of <HI>State,</HI> but rather to know than to fol|low his advice, becau&s;e mo&s;t times he looks upon things according to the rigour of the Eccle&s;ia&s;tical Laws. The <HI>Spani&s;h</HI> Amba&s;&s;adour was not very well plea&s;ed with him, who when all the other Cardinals had been to vi&s;it his Wife, he would not, upon a pretence, that although he had changed the habit of his Order, yet he hath not changed the Rules, which prohibits them to be among&s;t Women but in ca&s;es of great nece&s;&s;ity. This kind of behaviour, which is an affected &s;ingularity, renders him odious to a great many people. He did not oblige your Lord&s;hips, when he put forth his Hi&s;tory in an&s;wer of the Book of the decea&s;ed <HI>Padre Paul</HI> of the Order of Servants, wherein &s;peaking too freely of a Mi|ni&s;ter whom you have &s;o much cheri&s;hed, he gave you cau&s;e to oppo&s;e him, as you did at the publica|tion of that Hi&s;tory, of which having &s;aid &s;omething to me by way of excu&s;e, I pre&s;ently &s;hifted the di&s;|cour&s;e,
<PB N="32" REF="26"> that I might not be obliged to enter upon &s;uch tetchy &s;ubjects, upon which if we had pro|ceeded, he might have alledged many Metaphy&s;ical di&s;tinctions, which it is not my profe&s;&s;ion to an&s;wer; but had he treated of that bu&s;ine&s;s in a way more &s;uitable to that &s;ubject, I am confident I &s;hould have been too hard for him, and put him at a &s;tand.</P>
<P>In divers things the Pope makes u&s;e of the Car|dinal <HI>Corrado,</HI> a <HI>Ferrarian,</HI> and principally in tho&s;e differences which Secular Princes have concerning Eccle&s;ia&s;tical matters, wherein his Holine&s;s is but ill &s;erved, for that Cardinal is a pure Legi&s;t&punc; that hath no knowledge in the affairs of the world, who alleages a deci&s;ive Text on any matter in que&s;tion, without any regard to the decency or re&s;pect is to be had towards a State, or any moderate inter|pretation where required; for he never makes any account of this certain Maxim, <HI>Summum jus &s;umma injuria.</HI> This man hath, and does continually give di&s;ta&s;te to the Cardinals and other Mini&s;ters of Princes, becau&s;e he keeps him&s;elf &s;till to the rigour of the Canons, and will di&s;tribute the Benefices ac|cording to his own fancy, and always upon pretence that it is the Pope's will, which he turns as him&s;elf plea&s;es under a fair appearance of Sanctity. But the di&s;gu&s;ts he practi&s;es, and is accu&s;tomed to put upon all the world, does more hurt to him&s;elf than to any one el&s;e, for having been &s;o unadvi&s;ed as to di&s;cover his ba&s;e humor, it hath drawn the hatred of all upon him: So that for the Chair there is nothing to be expected on his part. I never had but little &s;atisfa|ction from him. And indeed, &s;ince I began to know his defects, I never took the pains to do him any courte&s;ie that might acquire his favour, tho&s;e kind
<PB N="33" REF="26"> of per&s;ons thinking they do in &s;ame manner &s;acrifice them&s;elves, when&s;oever they do but in the lea&s;t act again&s;t their own opinions to do <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 span"> man a little plea&s;ure.</P>
<P>I mu&s;t al&s;o bring into this number <HI>Signior Ban|dinelli,</HI> of <HI>Siena</HI> great Ma&s;ter of the Apo&s;tolique Pa|lace, an old Courtier, refined in the Great Duke's Court, from whence the Pope called him, and took him to his own &s;ervice, knowing the noble manner of his acting. He is not a man of a very profound knowledge, but of great experience; which makes the Pope take great delight in conferring with him, who is ordinarily well &s;atisfi'd with his advice. Among&s;t other qualities that makes him con&s;idera|ble, there is one that is a very particular, which is, that he is de&s;cended from <HI>Alexander</HI> III, who ha|ving been forced to &s;he, and quit his ordinary abode, made his retreat in this Republique, who received him in their bo&s;ome, and gave him their protection, which he made u&s;e of to repre&s;s the audaciou&s;ne&s;s of the Emperor <HI>Frederick,</HI> that per&s;ecuted him. He glories more in this, than in any thing be&s;ides, and hath a particular veneration for the merits of your Serene Lord&s;hips. There is no one more certain of a Cardinal's Hat than he. It is due to him, for ha|ving quitted his own Country, where he was very much in favour, to go to <HI>Rome.</HI> When he hath a Cardinal's Hat, the whole Court, who already be|lieve he de&s;erves the &s;uprem<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">&s;t degree, will be ra|vi&s;h'd for joy.</P>
<P><HI>Signior Fagnano,</HI> of the State of <HI>Urbin,</HI> a Prelate well known at Court for his being blind, but much more for being &s;o clear &s;ighted in the Superinten|dence,
<PB N="34" REF="27"> which the Pope hath given him over the affairs of the Regulars, de&s;erves that I &s;hould make mention of him in this Treati&s;e, becau&s;e thorow his means, I have &s;ometimes made an end of a difficult bu&s;ine&s;s, which otherwi&s;e I &s;hould &s;carce have over|come. This Prelate hath a great deal of affection for this Serene Republique, as having been the fir&s;t that found out the invention to draw mony from the &s;uppre&s;&s;ion of the unprofitable Religious Or|ders, as al&s;o from the Scandalous; &s;o is he likewi&s;e &s;till of opinion, that &s;ince the &s;ame nece&s;&s;ity &s;till remains, they &s;hould make u&s;e of the &s;ame means of &s;upply, there being po&s;&s;ibility and rea&s;on enough to continue it. But that de&s;ign having been inter|rupted by certain zealous per&s;ons, upon &s;ome other pretexts which they found out; he endeavoured to &s;eek out &s;ome other projects to a&s;&s;i&s;t your Serene Lord&s;hips therein. And truly he might have found out &s;omething effectual, did they as well &s;ee the dangers at <HI>Rome,</HI> as they do in the&s;e places that are &s;o near bordering unto it. However, I did not omit to give this Prelate many thanks for his great good|will, and I believe it will be very fit that you &s;hould return him thanks likewi&s;e: I think al&s;o, that his Ex|cellency <HI>Sagredi,</HI> who carries &s;everal Curio&s;ities to pre&s;ent to the Pope's Family, &s;hould be&s;tow &s;ome part of them on the good man, who hath, and may yet render upon all occa&s;ions, all tho&s;e good Offices which can be expected from the confidence his Holi|ne&s;s puts in his advice, and the great credit he gives him.</P>
<P>The Father <HI>Virgilio Spada,</HI> one of the Order of the Congregation of St. <HI>Philip Neri,</HI> and Brother to the old Cardinal <HI>Spada,</HI> hath &s;ome power with the
<PB N="35" REF="27"> Pope; and upon this per&s;wa&s;ion I have &s;ometimes endeavoured to get him to &s;erve me upon occa&s;ion, but I found him armed with a thou&s;and excu&s;es to evade doing me any good: whereat I did not after|wards very much wonder, knowing he onely &s;ought the advantage of his Family, being very greedy after his own intere&s;t, and more ready to put the Pope in mind of filling his own pur&s;e, than &s;eeking any large&s;s for others: This made me forbear to &s;olicite him, gue&s;&s;ing the little profit that was like to re|dound, to make trial of other ways which your Lord|&s;hips are not unacquainted withal, although they all proved fruitle&s;s, and too weak, when it concerned his Holine&s;s to disbur&s;e any monies, which is not kept clo&s;er in his own Coff5ers, than it is by all the Court Prelates, who think to gain credit and repute from his Holine&s;s, by exhorting him to pre&s;erve that Metall, which above all things makes the Eccle&s;i|a&s;tical Principality be highly e&s;teem'd, as if it were not rather the Dignity and Sanctity of the Sove|reign Prie&s;thood that render'd the Papacy Maje|<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">tick, than the reputation of having great riches. But we need not doubt but their abu&s;es being ar|<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ived to the heighth we find them, the Eccle&s;ia&s;tick Authority would be very weak and langui&s;hing, were <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="MURP" EXTENT="1 word"> not &s;u&s;tained by a Temporal Power; whereas if <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ho&s;e Prie&s;ts would lay a&s;ide their vanity of agran|<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="MURP" EXTENT="2 letters">zing them&s;elves, and onely make good their ju&s;t <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">egrees and privilege, the Church would &s;oon be <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="MURP" EXTENT="3 letters">ed above all other Powers what&s;oever. For to <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ay truth, Who&s;oever beholds the Court of <HI>Rome</HI> &s;ur|<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">a&s;&s;ing in Magnificence and State, the Courts of <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="MURP" EXTENT="2 letters">l other Princes, cannot but wonder by what means, <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">pon &s;o &s;lender a foundation, and &s;o far from the <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">e&s;ign and intentions of her fir&s;t Founders, &s;he &s;hould
<PB N="36" REF="28"> have rai&s;ed her &s;elf to &s;o proud a heighth. And al|though every one knows it proceeded from the Li|berality and Magnificency of Temporal Princes, yet it cannot but appear &s;trange to &s;ee the <HI>Roman</HI> Church turn tho&s;e Benefits, &s;he hath received from them, again&s;t them&s;elves to their prejudice; the Ca|noni&s;ts and other Emi&s;&s;aries of that Court &s;tudying nothing more, than how to &s;trengthen and extend their Eccle&s;ia&s;tical juri&s;diction, and aba&s;e and di|mini&s;h the Secular, if they po&s;&s;ibly could. This point, wherewith you have been &s;o often enter|tain'd, de&s;erves yet &s;till to be put into your memo|ries, becau&s;e without any diving into the depths of a profound Speculation, it may be ob&s;erved, that con&s;idering the by-ways the Popes do tread, and withal reflecting on the &s;incere conduct of Secular Princes, of nece&s;&s;ity it mu&s;t follow, that the Eccle|&s;ia&s;tical Monarchy will become Mi&s;tris of the World, and the Secular fall and become her Servant. Your Serene Signio<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">y hath a great deal of Piety, and a particular Veneration for that Holy and Apo|&s;tolique Tribunal; who likewi&s;e hath a &s;ingular good-will towards her: but yet &s;he knows well how far &s;he ought to &s;how her veneration; and herein &s;he carries her &s;elf prudently, being very well ad|verti&s;ed of tho&s;e things which do in&s;en&s;ibly lead the Court of <HI>Rome</HI> to enlarge her Phylacteries more and more: And this Note &s;hall &s;uffice by the way.</P>
<P>And &s;ince we are now upon the di&s;cour&s;e of the Grandeur of the Court of <HI>Rome,</HI> it will not be ami&s;s to &s;how what it is, becau&s;e as it appears great by looking onely upon tho&s;e things which makes the Courts and Dwellings of other&punc; Princes con&s;iderable, yielding, in effect, neither for number of Mini&s;ters
<PB N="37" REF="28"> or Officers to none in Chri&s;tendome, it will &s;eem yet far greater, by having for A&s;&s;e&s;&s;ors and Coun&s;ellors &s;eventy Kings, for they give that Title to the Car|dinals in the Act of their Creations; and therefore it is that they are ve&s;ted in Purple, and are &s;erved almo&s;t like Kings: and when together with this Dig|nity they have acquired a great Reputation, their Amity is &s;ought by the mo&s;t pui&s;&s;ant Princes, who by publick or private Pen&s;ions endeavour to make them their friends, becau&s;e of the privilege they have of Electing a Pope, and what by con&s;equence mu&s;t follow thereupon, the Soveraign Dignity lights upon one of them&s;elves; and this is in &s;hort the cau&s;e of all their arrogancy, which otherwi&s;e is often re|duced to contempt enough, be&s;ides the vexation of not being able to obtain any grace, unle&s;s they be the Pope's Favourits. It may be expected that a Pope, who hath &s;o excellent a judgment to di&s;cern how tho&s;e per&s;ons ought to be qualifi'd that are fit to be aggregated in that Sacred Colledge, as Pope <HI>Alexander</HI> hath, &s;hould promote none but per&s;ons worthy of his choice: and, indeed, the Court hi|therto hath no rea&s;on to complain, &s;ince he hath ad|mitted none but &s;uch as de&s;erved very much, and it is hoped it will be &s;o &s;t<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ll for the future. Now, though it would be needful to make an exact &s;earch and in|quiry into the quality of the pre&s;ent Cardinals to know them tho<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">owly; yet that your Lord&s;hips may have &s;ome knowledge of him; that &s;hall one day be rai&s;ed to the Chair, I &s;hall make no difficulty to un|dertake it; and I &s;hall acquit my &s;elf with much bre|vity, becau&s;e there are many other things to be ex|amined, which your Serene Lord&s;hips will be glad to know.</P>
<PB N="38" REF="29">
<P>The Cardinal <HI>Charls de Medices,</HI> Uncle to the Great Duke of <HI>To&s;cany,</HI> is the Dean of the Sacred College. He never &s;hows him&s;elf at <HI>Rome</HI> but when the Chair is vacant, he takes more plea&s;ure at his own home, being free both from clamour and ex|pence. He leads the <HI>Spani&s;h</HI> Faction, not without a great deal of hopes from the Great Duke, who long|eth for nothing more than to have a Pope that may favour him, becau&s;e of the troubles and traver&s;es the Popes put him to, who little con&s;ider him. He was not at the Court whil&s;t I was there. But the oblige|ing humor of that Prince is not unknown to your Lord&s;hips by other means, as likewi&s;e the great joy he ever expre&s;&s;es at the lea&s;t news of your pro&s;perity. He is a man that &s;peaks little, hath a good wit, and ardently de&s;ires the advantages of his Family: to &s;erve whom he rather &s;uffer'd a long while in the Conclave, then gave way to elect any per&s;on that might not be plea&s;ing to the Great Duke.</P>
<P><HI>Francis Barberino,</HI> who in the time of <HI>Urban</HI> and his Domination made &s;ome e&s;capes, being hurri'd thereto rather by the impetuo&s;ity of his nature, than out of any evil intent, perceives at pre&s;ent that it is in vain to trouble the world, having extremely pre|judic'd him&s;elf by di&s;covering the violence of his pa&s;&s;ions. He hath lo&s;t all his ho<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">es of ever attain|ing to &s;it in the Holy Chair, which his Uncle <HI>Urban</HI> held, though otherwi&s;e both for his knowledge, and the candour of his mind, he is worthy to be placed therein. Which evidently &s;hows, that innocency of life is no &s;ufficient motive to oblige the Cardinals to chu&s;e a Man for Pope, it hapning very often, that together with the greate&s;t Sanctity there may be joyned &s;ome other &s;uch defects, as were able to put
<PB N="19" REF="29"> the whole world in a confu&s;ion. Neverthele&s;s <HI>Bar|berino</HI> hath a little recover'd his credit under <HI>Inno|cent,</HI> they having noted the inconveniencies hap|ning in that Popes manner of Government, which they al&s;o found in <HI>Urban</HI>'s time; but with more mo|deration. Although his Family inclines towards the <HI>French,</HI> yet he hath ever &s;hewed that he hath more regard for the <HI>Spaniard,</HI> his humor &s;uiting better with the Genius of that Nation. As for the affection he hath for your Serene Republique, I cannot &s;peak &s;o fully of it, but I &s;hall leave &s;omewhat untold.</P>
<P><HI>Spada de Bre&s;ighele,</HI> which is a place in <HI>Romagnia,</HI> is a man more con&s;iderable for his Virtues than his Birth, and who for this rea&s;on de&s;erves more ap|plau&s;e than he yet hath. But it &s;eems they do not look upon him with &s;o good an eye becau&s;e of the pro&s;perity of his Family, who are lately in po&s;&s;e&s;&s;ion of much riches, which &s;ome of the olde&s;t among&s;t them have acquired by their Farms and Marriages; and which have al&s;o been &s;ince multiplied thorow the indu&s;try of this &s;ame Cardinal, and the Father <HI>Virgilio Spada</HI> his Brother, who hath not been want|ing in &s;triving to acquire wealth, and rai&s;e his Hou&s;e, though he make profe&s;&s;ion of a retired life. This Cardinal hath many very good qualities be|&s;ides, which make him worthy of a higher degree&punc; but that which hinders him from ri&s;ing, is the envy many have again&s;t him, and the great number of Ne<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">vous he hath, which are like to be encrea&s;ed by tho&s;e Marriages they have of late contracted. I mu&s;t add to this the little confidence the <HI>Spaniards</HI> have in him, who think him a very &s;ubtile man, and one that hath a great inclination towards the <HI>French.</HI> He hath a high e&s;teem for this Republique, and hath as
<PB N="40" REF="30"> much re&s;entment in all her troubles and dangers as any one what&s;oever.</P>
<P><HI>Sachetti,</HI> a <HI>Florentine,</HI> hath entred Pope twice into the pa&s;t Conclaves, but &s;till came forth again Car|dinal, to the great regret of good people, and &s;uch as are acquainted with his virtues. The <HI>Spaniards</HI> did not murm<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">r &s;o much again&s;t his elevation, as the <HI>Florentines,</HI> who endeavoured all, they could to thwart his Election, and I believe <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">t now proceeds from no other cau&s;e, but onely they having been once engaged to exclude him, imagine that he will for ever re&s;ent the injury they had done him, al|though he may have &s;erved them much &s;ince. In|deed, there are few in the Colledge &s;o worthy, if we con&s;ider all his good qualities. He hath made him&s;elf the more fully known, by that con&s;tancy wherewith he hath undergone tho&s;e di&s;appoint|ments, and the &s;ollicitations he made to <HI>Mazarine,</HI> to lay a&s;ide all tho&s;e jealou&s;ies which might make him oppo&s;e the exaltation of the Cardinal <HI>Chigi,</HI> whom he e&s;teemed more worthy of the Chair than any other, in a time wherein his own hopes were not de&s;perate. He keeps the &s;ame reputation &s;till at Court which he had formerly, and if his advanced age would let him &s;urvive the pre&s;ent Pope, he would ever have the &s;ame applau&s;e as formerly. He is commonly very indifferent in his affection to other Nations, &s;eldome favouring one more than another; but I dare confidently &s;ay, that he is partial for your Republique.</P>
<P><HI>Ginetti</HI> of <HI>V<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">l<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">rye</HI> is a Cardinal, who though he be rich, and have a great deal of experience, yet does nothing that gains much commendations, or
<PB N="41" REF="30"> that makes him e&s;teemed worthy to be rai&s;ed higher than he now is. There is no other rea&s;on than the poorne&s;s of his &s;pirit appearing in all his actions, and his in&s;atiable de&s;ire to <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">n<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ich him&s;elf; whence they draw this con&s;equence, that &s;hould he be mounted higher, few &s;hould partake of his Gran|deurs or Bounty; add hereto, that having been one of <HI>Urban</HI>'s greate&s;t Confidents and Creatures, he is entirely po&s;&s;e&s;&s;ed with tho&s;e Maxims which are no|thing convenient for the good of Chri&s;tendome. He omitted nothing within his powe<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> to make him&s;elf Pope the la&s;t times the Chair was vacant, but al|though he found &s;ome Cardinals his f<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">iends, who li&s;tned to him in hopes of partaking of his favours, yet he found no body for him among&s;t the Princes, who cannot promi&s;e much good to them&s;elves from a per&s;on &s;o wedded to his own intere&s;ts, and &s;o little inclined to favour others I know no, indeed, what to &s;ay of him. He makes profe&s;&s;ion of much devo|tion, but I &s;hould hardly ever tru&s;t a man, who be|&s;ides his other defects, hath the reputation of per|fectly knowing how to di&s;&s;emble.</P>
<P>The Cardinal <HI>Antonio Barberino</HI> is a man, who all his life time hath ever been even gentility and gene|ro&s;ity it &s;elf. He is engaged as much as can be po&s;&s;i|ble to <HI>France,</HI> but in &s;uch a manner however, that he does not make him&s;elf odious to other rival Nations, becau&s;e he &s;<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">eaks of all the world with a huge deal of re&s;pect; and brings his affairs &s;o about, that none can ju&s;tly complain of him. He reaps many ad|vantages from the Crown of <HI>France,</HI> which never|thele&s;s does not make him the richer, but rather the contrary, &s;ince he con&s;umes more money for them than he receives, as well in entertaining his friends
<PB N="42" REF="31"> perpetually whil&s;t he is in <HI>France,</HI> as in advancing the intere&s;ts of that Crown. And by rea&s;on of the great inclination he hath for that Country, where they live according to his humor after a very free manner, he would rather make his re&s;idence there than in any part of the world; but it is ob&s;erved, that <HI>Mazarin</HI> does not look on him with a good eye, perhaps out of jealou&s;ie, becau&s;e his carriage, which is &s;o fair and plea&s;ing, might be a di&s;advantage to him, while he is more than any man alive in favour with his King. He was the fir&s;t who, at the publica|tion of the Peace, manife&s;ted the good-will he hath for <HI>France,</HI> and that in &s;uch a noble and &s;plendid manner as was thought wo<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">thy of his genero&s;ity. The affection he bears that Nation does not make him, however, forgetful of what is due to the Princes of <HI>Italy,</HI> and particularly to your Serene Lord&s;hips, who&s;e merits he never mentions but with admiration.</P>
<P><HI>Colonne,</HI> a <HI>German,</HI> is the Head of his Family, by the di&s;po&s;al of the decea&s;ed <HI>Don Pbilip Colonne</HI> his Father, who having cleared his debts by his good husbandry, thought &s;it to recommend the direction thereof to that Son who &s;eemed to be mo&s;t wary and &s;paring: Nor was he deceived in his choice, &s;ince this man, con&s;idering his riches, which are great, e&s;pecially if we reckon what he hath from the Church, is &s;o re&s;erved, when any mony is to go from him, that it is pre&s;umed, during the long time he hath managed their E&s;tate, he hath heaped up a very great quantity, taking much delight in hoarding up continually, but never expending any thing in a &s;uperfluous manner. To which the Suits he oppo&s;ed by Law, which the <HI>Spaniards</HI> and Mini|&s;ters
<PB N="43" REF="31"> of that State had for a long time maintained till his Fathers death, have not a little contributed, who thinking them&s;elves mo&s;t unju&s;tly deprived of tho&s;e Honours pretended to by his Family di&s;puted it very ob&s;tinately again&s;t him, but in the end yielded up all his antient prerogatives to him, which much augmented his Revenues, and hath gained him a very great e&s;teem. At that time when his Holine&s;s exhorted all tho&s;e that were rich, to con|tribute &s;omewhat towards the a&s;&s;i&s;tance of your mo&s;t Serene Republique, he was the onely Cardinal that excu&s;ed him&s;elf, alleaging the dammage which the Plague had done him in his E&s;tate: Nay, it hath been propounded to him onely by way of trial, to give out Mony at the highe&s;t Intere&s;t, as your mo&s;t Serene Republique is wont to allow, but all was in vain; although he &s;eems to glory in his affection to|wards you, by which profe&s;&s;ion he thinks he hath fully compleated his devoi<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">e.</P>
<P><HI>Franciotti</HI> of <HI>I<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ca</HI> is an hone&s;t man, and of &s;ome under&s;tanding in mo&s;t affairs; but the&s;e kind of ho|ne&s;t people do not &s;ucceed &s;o well when they have the Government in hand They take a licence in all extravagant opinions, and become ob&s;tinate and punctilious, not caring how they trouble the world, provided they can but maintain their own fancies. This man imagines that he &s;hould behave him&s;elf well enough were he in command, although he &s;how him&s;elf but of a mean ability in ordinary matters. He was born in a Republique, and the Prelate&s;hip of his Country lighting on him, he &s;oon put them in a condition of falling out with him, yea, and of con|te&s;ting and quarreling with the Pope too, and that for very &s;light rea&s;ons. In the end, all the&s;e <HI>bro|villeries
<PB N="44" REF="32"> ve di&s;putes</HI> having con&s;trained him to quit his Church, he left his Family involved in &s;uch trou|bles as have much perplexed, and brought many great lo&s;&s;es upon him. To repair this, he lives in hopes of being Pope, but he expects it in vain, for I do not know any one that de&s;ires it.</P>
<P><HI>Brancaccio,</HI> a <HI>Neapolitan,</HI> though he were made a Cardinal when he thought not of it, and, as it were, by an unexpected accident, does not for all this omit any po&s;&s;ible endeavour to mount higher: He is re|conciled with the <HI>Spaniards,</HI> to who&s;e &s;hame he at|tained that Dignity: He hath made a &s;trict Amity with the Great Duke, and is on good terms with <HI>Barberino:</HI> in a word, he does all he can to make good, and increa&s;e his credit, which is as yet but &s;mall, becau&s;e his thoughts &s;oar too high. Some have &s;aid, that there was nothing re&s;ting but a good un|der&s;tanding with the <HI>French,</HI> but that being equivo|cal, I &s;hall take it in the be&s;t &s;en&s;e, from whence one may in&s;er, that he treats with them in &s;uch a manner as may di&s;po&s;e them not to be again&s;t him, if he &s;hould happen to be mention'd. He &s;eemed to me to be pa&s;&s;ionate for you, nor &s;hall I believe he di&s;&s;em|bled much therein, having wit enough to know what your mo&s;t Serene Republique hath done for the li|berty of <HI>Italy.</HI></P>
<P><HI>Harach</HI> of <HI>Bohemia</HI> comes to <HI>Rome</HI> onely when the Chair is vacant: There are few other things can oblige him to &s;tay there, all his intere&s;t depending on the Kingdome of <HI>Bohemia,</HI> and the Imperial Court. And being a Cavalier of a very frank Na|ture, he makes it appear, that the arts and de&s;i|mulation, u&s;ed ordinarily in the Court of <HI>Rome,</HI> are
<PB N="45" REF="32"> not plea&s;ing to him. He hath ever te&s;tifi'd a great deal of affection for your mo&s;t Serene Republique, for ought that ever. I could learn from tho&s;e that pre|ceded me in my employment; but having never been at Court in my time, I cannot tell what judgment I &s;hould have made of him, had I been acquainted with him my &s;elf.</P>
<P>I cannot affirm any thing of the Cardinal <HI>Palotta</HI> of the <HI>Marcha:</HI> tho&s;e reports which I have heard of him being very various: Some have told me that he hath &s;trange fancies, which being paliated with the zeal of Reformation, cannot but cau&s;e a great deal of trouble and di&s;order. Others de&s;cribe him to be a very hone&s;t man, of a good con&s;cience; yet all this is the &s;ame onely diver&s;ifi'd, becau&s;e the re&s;olutions of the&s;e kind of &s;pirits, or their whim&s;eys rather, do &s;till cla&s;h them&s;elves: And therefore he was very little lookt upon in the la&s;t Conclave, where he con|cealed as much as po&s;&s;ible his de&s;ire of being Pope, yet could be not carry it &s;o clo&s;e but his Confidents di&s;covered the extreme pa&s;&s;ion he had for it. The Pope makes no great account of him, although he have had &s;ome Legation: and there is &s;ome likeli|hood of rea&s;on for it; becau&s;e tho&s;e that are lifted to the dignity of Pope, can better judge of the defects of their inferiours, than &s;uch as are their equals in authority or degree. In his Legation of <HI>Ferrara,</HI> he gave &s;ome occa&s;ion of conte&s;t to your Signiory, and therefore although he &s;pake much of her commenda|tions, I &s;hould never confide in him.</P>
<P><HI>Carpegna,</HI> of the State of <HI>Urbin,</HI> had rea&s;on enough to hope in the la&s;t Conclave, becau&s;e the Great Duke and <HI>Barberino</HI> did not reject him, nor are his
<PB N="46" REF="33"> qualities to be de&s;pi&s;ed. But, in a word, when a Cardinal wants a certain credit which is given by popular approbation, he &s;eldome ever attains to the Chair It cannot be denied, but that both probity and &s;implicity of manners do meet together in this Man. He under&s;tands and can do as much as is re|quired in the managing of publick affairs, but as for the pre&s;&s;ing of them on, or, if I may &s;o &s;ay, the refining of them, he is not much applauded for being happy therein: nor during the la&s;t Conclave was there any one that could promi&s;e him&s;elf more than very mean re&s;olutions for the publick &s;ervice, under his Government: and therefore as &s;oon as ever he was &s;poken of, they found that he had not a &s;pirit great enough for &s;o high a dignity. Neverthele&s;s he &s;hewed him&s;elf worthy of prai&s;e, in that whatever his hopes, and the re&s;olutions of the Conclave were, he never &s;eemed to trouble him&s;elf. He loves your mo&s;t Serene Signiory well enough, which I have gather'd from the di&s;cour&s;es he hath held with me, as al&s;o from the reports of &s;uch as have beard him in parti|cular conver&s;ations, when mention hath been made of publick affairs.</P>
<P><HI>Filormarini</HI> of <HI>Naples</HI> hath made known his autho|rity in tho&s;e di&s;putes he had with th<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> King's Mi|ni&s;ters, during the la&s;t troubles in that Kingdome. He &s;hew'd an invincible courage upon the threats which were like to have &s;ucceeded to effects of vio|lence again&s;t him, to make him quit that Country? But he likewi&s;e &s;hewed a very great humility towards the Catholique King, thereby to let him know, that he was di&s;turbed wrongfully; and his plea herein carried it again&s;t all that the greate&s;t Mini&s;ters of that Crown could oppo&s;e again&s;t him. But by how
<PB N="47" REF="33"> much he hath encrea&s;ed his reputation thereby, &s;o much hath he al&s;o therein prejudic'd him&s;elf, as to the thoughts he might have had of hopes and greater dignity, thorow that ob&s;tinacy apparent in him not to change, or remit any thing of his fir&s;t re&s;olutions, how dangerous and violent &s;oever the attempts are again&s;t him. He was a confident &s;ervant of <HI>Barberi|no</HI>'s in the time of his pro&s;perity, who&s;e &s;ervices have been very well rewarded. But I do not know what thanks tho&s;e can promi&s;e to them&s;elves that &s;hould help him to be made Pope, he being a man that hath a marvolous good opinion of him&s;elf, and one that believes every thing is due to his own merits. I never treated with him, he not having been at <HI>Rome</HI> in my time.</P>
<P><HI>Maculano,</HI> or St <HI>Clement,</HI> a <HI>Dominican,</HI> is a &s;mall Brother, who under his poor mean Frock huggs am|bitious and high thoughts. He builds fine Ca&s;tles in the aire, fancying, that as he came to be a Car|dinal without m<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">riting of it, &s;o he may as well ri&s;e to the Pope's Chair. There is no quality to be found in him that can di&s;tingui&s;h him from the vulgar. He hath little or no experience in State-affairs. He is learned as a Monk, but excells not their ordinary capacity, and hath &s;ome skill in Fortifications: But with this he is very covetous: and loves his Nepveus exceedingly, who are young people of very ill behavi|ours: if he had the command, which God forbid, there would be matter enough of &s;candal. This was taken notice of, by him that could have a&s;&s;i&s;ted him, to wit, <HI>Barberino,</HI> who hating a licentious life, would never &s;peak one word for him, though <HI>Ma|culano</HI> had friends to &s;econd what he &s;hould have &s;aid, and were aged enough to pretend to the Place.
<PB N="48" REF="34"> Neverthele&s;s he may live very well at his ea&s;e, if he will content him&s;elf with the condition he is in po&s;&s;e&s;&s;ion of, which truly ought to &s;atisfie him. He hath named him&s;elf for Candidate, which is to &s;ay, he a&s;pires to the Chair, though among&s;t tho&s;e of his own Fraternity, he could never have attained to be General of their Order.</P>
<P><HI>Giorio de Camerino,</HI> a &s;ervant to the Hou&s;e of <HI>Bar|berino</HI> in bu&s;ine&s;s of &s;mall con&s;equence, found a way by his hand&s;ome manner of &s;erving, to gain &s;o much upon the good-will of his Nepveus, and afterwards on Pope <HI>Urban,</HI> that having gotten much riches in his long &s;ervice, he was reputed worthy to be a Car|dinal. He is very little e&s;teem'd at Court, his be|haviour not being noble enough to corre&s;pond with his dignity. He keeps clo&s;ely united to <HI>Barberino</HI> his Soveraign Benefactor, and in that &s;hews he de|&s;erved to be advanced He hath never been nomi|nated for to be made Pope, nor is there any great hopes he &s;hould be in election, becau&s;e, be&s;ides the meanne&s;s of his birth, tho&s;e qualities are wanting in him which &s;hould make him worthy to &s;tand in the rank of &s;uch as pretend to that Supreme Dignity, unle&s;s they &s;hould pu&s;h him forward purpo&s;ely to make him fall, and get time in the interim to nego|tiate another's preferment with more &s;ecurity.</P>
<P><HI>Facchinetti,</HI> of <HI>Bologna,</HI> hath been employed in the highe&s;t Offices of the Court, and Nunciator of <HI>Spain,</HI> with a con&s;tant reputation of an hone&s;t man, and very able. This is a Cardinal, of who&s;e repu|tation they have very advantagious opinions, which when time &s;uits will make them willingly reflect on his good qualities; and this fair opinion they have
<PB N="49" REF="34"> of him he pre&s;erves, by making his ordinary re&s;idence at his Church of <HI>Spoleta;</HI> and avoiding all occa&s;ions that might forfeit it, by not concerning him&s;elf with the pre&s;ent Court intere&s;ts, for fear le&s;t in medling therein, in&s;tead of increa&s;ing his reputation, he &s;hould give &s;ome cau&s;e of di&s;gu&s;t and rupture; He is a Lord of a very &s;weet conver&s;ation, and &s;peaks pa&s;&s;i|onately for the intere&s;ts of your Signiory, from whom I dare promi&s;e effects core&s;pondant &s;hould he attain to a higher degree.</P>
<P><HI>Ro&s;etti</HI> of <HI>Ferrara</HI> is a creature born, bred, and ad|vanc'd in the bo&s;ome of <HI>Barberino,</HI> who loved him by accident, and after helped him to employments, which rai&s;ed him up to be a Cardinal. He was in danger being in <HI>England</HI> during tho&s;e troubles, which have encrea&s;ed &s;o long as to arrive to the &s;trange heighth of misfortune they were then in: But a more wary Mini&s;ter might have withdrawn him&s;elf without forfeiting his devoir. Being at <HI>Collen</HI> in quality of a Nuncio, he could not avoid being &s;u&s;|pected of partiality towards the <HI>Spaniards,</HI> and did together with them, breed &s;ome di&s;order in their af|fairs. At <HI>Rome</HI> he did not &s;hew him&s;elf very grateful to his Benefactor, having &s;ubjected him&s;elf to the <HI>Spaniards.</HI> In the Conclave he was almo&s;t the onely man that di&s;approved the Election of the pre&s;ent Pope. So that all the&s;e things being heaped to|gether, one may infer, that he is not a Cardinal of any eminent vertue, although he hath been wi&s;e enough to make &s;uch good u&s;e of his time, as to have freed his Family from tho&s;e inconveniences which attend a mean Fortune. He keeps him&s;elf at his Church at <HI>Faen&s;e,</HI> without any de&s;ign of &s;hewing him&s;elf much at <HI>Rome,</HI> where till tho&s;e evill im|pre&s;&s;ions
<PB N="50" REF="35"> are taken off, or forgotten, he would not be looked upon with any great good-will&punc;</P>
<P><HI>Grimald<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">,</HI> a <HI>Genoe&s;e,</HI> &s;hows by his looks, that he is a man of great undertakings, from whom no other effects can be expected, but &s;uch as u&s;ually proceed from pen&s;ive &s;pirits, which are quarels, jealou&s;ies, bold and daring enterpri&s;es, with all kind of &s;ub|tilties to make good his de&s;igns. This man hath had &s;ome great de&s;igns on foot already, to the prejudice of the publick peace, and that onely for &s;ome ad|vantages to him&s;elf, without regarding the incon|venience of others: and this was the cau&s;e, that finding he was mounted as high as he could pre|tend, which was to have a good Church in <HI>Franc<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">,</HI> where he might &s;ay, <HI>Here is my re&s;t;</HI> imagining that he &s;hould be a &s;econd <HI>Mazarin,</HI> he was deceived, <HI>Mazarin</HI> de&s;iring to reign alone, that the world might know they owed the good &s;ucce&s;s of that Government to his direction. He was not at <HI>Rome</HI> in my time; tho&s;e that were acquainted with him have de&s;cribed him to me, to be as crafty a man as any one, but yet a per&s;on wanting that addre&s;s or di&s;cretion, which like Salt ought to &s;ea&s;on all the parts of Policy. I &s;hould not confide in his words, when he commends this State, becau&s;e we ought not to give belief to &s;uch men, as propound no other end but their own intere&s;t.</P>
<P>Here I &s;hould &s;peak of <HI>Mazarin,</HI> and there might be much &s;aid of him, but your mo&s;t Serene Lord|&s;hips are &s;o well informed of the Per&s;on and Maxims of this great Mini&s;ter, that I could &s;ay nothing which would not fall &s;hort of the knowledge you have el&s;e-where had of him; yet &s;hall I not omit to let
<PB N="51" REF="35"> you be acquainted in what e&s;teem he is with the pre&s;ent Pope; which I believe is a thing worthy your knowledge, becau&s;e you may from thence gue&s;s the true rea&s;on of the difficulties in tho&s;e affairs which mu&s;t nece&s;&s;arily be treated of in either Court.</P>
<P>The Pope had very ill impre&s;&s;ions of the Cardinal when he was Nuncio at <HI>Collen,</HI> for ob&s;erving atten|tively the rea&s;ons the Mediators alledged for a Ge|neral Peace, he found the <HI>French</HI> had always &s;ome re&s;ervations in their an&s;wers, which did not corre|&s;pond, as he judged, with the equity of the <HI>Spaniards</HI> propo&s;itions; which made him fully per&s;waded, re|flecting on &s;ome other inconveniencies hapning when they came to confer, that all the ob&s;tacles which re|tarded &s;o great a happine&s;s for all Chri&s;tedome; proceeded from the Cardinal <HI>Mazarin.</HI> But, as the ends he then propounded requir'd him not to di&s;cover his opinions therein to tho&s;e Nations that were in|tere&s;s'd, &s;o he negotiated &s;till with &s;o much caution, that few or none knew what was in his thoughts. Being returned afterwards to <HI>Rome,</HI> and the place of Secretary of State being given to him, he was for|tifi'd more than ever in the ill opinion he had con|ceived again&s;t the Cardinal, being thereto induc'd, not onely by an increa&s;e of the difficulties in the Treaty on the <HI>French</HI> &s;ide, but likewi&s;e by the in|jurious &s;peeches of Pope <HI>Innocent,</HI> who had a parti|cular aver&s;ion for <HI>Mazarin,</HI> and who always blamed him as the onely cau&s;e of the dammage and ruine which Chri&s;tendome &s;uffer'd under. Which made <HI>Alexander,</HI> being rai&s;ed to the Papal dignity, (al|though he had &s;ome rea&s;on to forget his hatred, &s;ince <HI>Mazarin</HI> conde&s;cended to his Exaltation) to become more envenom'd, becau&s;e amid&s;t the hopes he had, that his mediation might produce &s;ome good
<PB N="52" REF="36"> towards a General Peace, he under&s;tood, that the ways leading thereto were more blockt up than ever, <HI>France</HI> being Leaged with <HI>England</HI> without any re|&s;pect to the intere&s;ts of the lawful Succe&s;&s;ors of that Kingdom, or any con&s;ideration that they were of the Blood-Royal of <HI>France,</HI> not minding, as the Pope &s;aid, the Reputation of the mo&s;t <HI>Chri&s;tian King,</HI> which by this ba&s;e alliance was even <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">od under|foot; whence followed, that laying a&s;ide all the Mo|deration he had till then &s;hewed in &s;peaking of <HI>Ma|zarin,</HI> one could not &s;o much as mention the affairs of <HI>France,</HI> or tho&s;e that treated of them, but his Ho|line&s;s would flie out to &s;tinging injurious expre&s;&s;i|ons, di&s;covering what he had with much art con|cealed &s;o long before; <HI>That he took him to be the foun|tain and &s;pring of all the mi&s;eries in Chri&s;tendom, That in him alone had the Heretiques founded all their hopes to predominate over the Catholiques, And that there was a ju&s;t cau&s;e to apprehend, that from him would ari&s;e a general di&s;turbance again&s;t the publique Peace: That this doubly di&s;plea&s;ed him, becau&s;e of the wrong he did to that Dignity which he unworthily &s;u&s;tained; And though his Predece&s;&s;ors had not con&s;idered the &s;hame that reflected on the Sacred College, in &s;uffering this man to be the fir&s;t Author of all tho&s;e mi&s;chiefs, he hoped that God would give him both courage and power enough to re&s;ent, as he intended, the prejudice that was thereby done to Religion, and the advantages the en<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">|mies thereof had procured.</HI> If &s;ome body, under the pretence of &s;econding the Popes Re&s;entment at that time, had not by a di&s;cour&s;e &s;uitable to his humor, endeavoured powerfully to moderate his pa&s;&s;ion, it is to be feared he would have proceeded to &s;ome greater violence and anger: But he that heard the Pope's complaints made a very prudent u&s;e of them, en|deavouring
<PB N="53" REF="36"> to wipe all tho&s;e evil opinions of him out off his thoughts and memory. As for my own part, though at the beginning of my Emba&s;&s;ie, I found the wound yet open, I omitted not, on every occa|&s;ion, when I thought it convenient, to in&s;inuate to his Holine&s;s, that the&s;e times oft required, that particu|lar per&s;ons &s;hould in their coun&s;el over&s;way Princes, and that it was an effect of great prudence to lay a&s;ide all bitterne&s;s when we treated with them, unle&s;s we would have that wound, which perhaps would heal up of it &s;elf, to become incurable by often rubbing of it: that he might have his rea&s;on likewi&s;e, which being heard, would ju&s;tifie or, perhaps, expo&s;e him le&s;s to cen&s;ure for &s;uch re&s;olutions, which &s;ometimes do not depend on his will alone, but the re&s;ult and incli|nation of other Mini&s;ters, with whom his Maxims would not &s;uffer him to di&s;agree. And if it were otherwi&s;e, yet however, <HI>France</HI> did not enjoy &s;o great a happine&s;s as to de&s;ire a War, unle&s;s it were appa|rent that tho&s;e who coun&s;elled it had very powerful motives to continue it, till they could find out a cer|tain way to make both a good and la&s;ting peace. The&s;e rea&s;ons &s;ufficed to moderate the Pope's com|plaints a little, yet was he not &s;o well &s;atisfi'd, but rejecting him he &s;aid, <HI>That when ever he had a mind to obtain any thing of his King and Council, that con|cerned his particular favour or intere&s;t, he knew how to obtain what ever he fanci'd, it being known to all to what a height and grandeur he had by his &s;ubtilties rai&s;ed his Family, and tho&s;e that had joyned their in|tere&s;ts with him; but, when ever it was required that he &s;hould act for the good of the Publique, his power was weak and langui&s;hing; which was a very clear argument, that he &s;aw the augmentation of his fortune depended on a continuance of the War, which afforded
<PB N="54" REF="37"> him a thou&s;and opportunities to make new friends and creatures by the di&s;tribution of Offices, which he be|&s;towed, according to his own will, upon &s;uch per&s;ons as gave him much applau&s;e, which he preferred, though it la&s;ted but a moment, to the immortal glory he might have acquired, by delivering Chri&s;tendome from &s;o great and continual troubles, as put it in danger of being a<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> la&s;t made the prey of</HI> Heretiques <HI>and</HI> Mahometans. In the mean while, the times of Audience appointed, were wa&s;ted in th<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">&s;e and the like Di&s;cour&s;es, which troubled me exceedingly, becau&s;e I fore&s;aw, that from this Antipathy, which daily encrea&s;ed, we could not but expect &s;ome great and notable prejudice would accrue to the Publique.</P>
<P>After this, upon the fir&s;t &s;light rumors, which were whi&s;pered of the Peace, the Pope &s;u&s;pected it was &s;ome new arti&s;ice of <HI>Mazarin</HI>'s to lull the world a&s;leep, and take off his hatred again&s;t him, with in|tent to renew the War afterwards, when during the Truce he had ju&s;tifi'd his pretences; but having been certainly informed that the Peace went roundly forward, and that things were brought to &s;uch a pa&s;<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">, that none could doubt of a good &s;ucce&s;s from this Treaty; then he declared both to me and all others that he was highly plea&s;ed; but every one knew this content of his was mixt with an allay of di&s;&s;atisfa|ction, to &s;ee that <HI>Mazarin</HI> had made him&s;elf the Ar|bitrator of Peace and War by this act, and attributed to him&s;elf alone the honour of doing both the one and other. I &s;hall re&s;erve what I have to &s;ay here|upon, till I come to treat of that Chapter which &s;hall treat of the Intelligence betwixt the Pope and <HI>France.</HI> But all the aver&s;ion the Pope made appear again&s;t <HI>Mazarin,</HI> did not take off the Court from admiring the capacity of &s;o great a Man, who if he
<PB N="55" REF="37"> truly did embrace more than the natural heat of <HI>France</HI> could well have dige&s;ted (and in that re&s;pect &s;ome of his de&s;igns cannot be excu&s;ed of temerity) yet it is ob&s;ervable, that Fortune hath ever been his Second, who fighting for him, he can never be want|ing of means to overcome the greate&s;t difficulties; For the world hath taken notice, that tho&s;e Parties he hath &s;ided with have rarely mi&s;carri'd, which makes divers confe&s;s, That how great a States-man &s;oever the Cardinal of <HI>Richelieu</HI> was, yet he never had &s;o much skill and policy in di&s;covering and countermining the de&s;igns of Strangers, and bring|ing whatever he de&s;ign'd to pa&s;s, for the advantage of the Crown of <HI>France,</HI> as this Man who was his Scho|lar and Succe&s;&s;or; who if he &s;ucceed as well in times of Peace as he hath done in time of War, his name will be &s;o much the more unmortal.</P>
<P><HI>U<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">&s;ia,</HI> a <HI>Roman,</HI> is of a Family known to your mo&s;t Serene Lord&s;hips, as for the Services which his Grand-fathers have done for your State, which hath ever held them in great con&s;ideration. They are, however, a little declined from their former Repu|tation, by the mi&s;government of &s;ome of the Suc|ce&s;&s;ors of tho&s;e, who by their brave actions had rai&s;ed it. That which hath cau&s;ed no &s;mall dimi|nution to their Honour, was, their bargaining for more or le&s;s with tho&s;e who made u&s;e of them to in|vade the liberties of others; to which may be added, that the number of their Family is dimini&s;hed. The Cardinal of whom we &s;peak, is more addicted to his plea&s;ures than to any &s;erious bu&s;ine&s;s, which makes &s;ome de&s;ire he had that ripe and &s;tard judgment which &s;hone &s;o in his Ance&s;tors. The Family does however but begin to recover it &s;elf, at a &s;ea&s;on
<PB N="56" REF="38"> wherein it may happen to come to its period for want of i&s;&s;ue; for having taken Wives rather rich than fruitful, out of a de&s;ire to repair their lo&s;&s;es, they are in a way of lo&s;ing their name by an over|&s;ight greater than the former. They all make pro|fe&s;&s;ion of continuing &s;till in the good affection they have &s;o long pre&s;erved towards your mo&s;t Serene Republique. But they are worth little, and can do le&s;s.</P>
<P><HI>E&s;te,</HI> Uncle to the Duke of <HI>Modena,</HI> hath made the world &s;peak of him, both in Peace and War. I cannot tell whether he were much plea&s;ed to &s;ee me at <HI>Rome,</HI> by rea&s;on of the little &s;atisfaction his Bro|ther had of me, whil&s;t I was Commi&s;&s;ary for your mo&s;t Serene Republique, at the beginning of the War you had with the <HI>Barberino's.</HI> Although he can di&s;&s;emble, and is well enough skilled in the Art of concealing his re&s;entments, yet cannot I believe him &s;atisfi'd with what I did, though the thing went not on &s;o far as tho&s;e of the Hou&s;e of <HI>E&s;te</HI> pretended for their intere&s;t. The Pope, who hath not been ve|ry well &s;atisfi'd with the Duke, who &s;tudi'd to ob|&s;erve the will of <HI>Mazarin</HI> in every thing, as if he had been his &s;lave, and perceived that this Cardinal is of the &s;ame inclination, looks upon him as a per|&s;on more inclined to trouble than quietne&s;s; which he does not however divulge, becau&s;e he hath grea|ter pretences than ever to that portion of E&s;tate which was not annexed to the Dutchy of <HI>Ferrara,</HI> when it fell to the Church, as I &s;hall &s;how in ano|ther place. It will be difficult for him therefore to be looked on favourably by the Pope, who hath made it appear, that he can right him&s;elf by the Sword, when they deny him Ju&s;tice. This Cardinal
<PB N="57" REF="38"> keeps a Palace at <HI>Rome,</HI> where there are much Peo|ple and Nobility, that are punctually paid: which evinces, that the late Wars hath impoveri&s;hed the Subjects, and very much enriched the Ma&s;ter.</P>
<P><HI>Co&s;taguti,</HI> a <HI>Roman,</HI> but born of a <HI>Genoan</HI> Father, is one of that &s;ort of men that can ea&s;ily heap up wealth, by which they have rai&s;ed this Hou&s;e to its Nobility and Purple; but to judge of their fortune, as we are wont to judge of all new begun pro&s;pe|rities, one may &s;ay, That &s;o great riches acquired in &s;o &s;hort a &s;pace of time, are hardly compatible with any lawful means of obtaining them. But not|with&s;tanding all this, the Cardinal is a very agreea|ble man, and he did hugely &s;atisfie me, in &s;howing me he was &s;o well informed of the intere&s;ts of this State, and had &s;o full a knowledge of the merits of your mo&s;t Serene Republique.</P>
<P><HI>Donghi,</HI> a pure <HI>Genoe&s;e,</HI> came forth of <HI>Genoa,</HI> when he was not expected, with a very con&s;iderable &s;tock of riches, which hath &s;ince opened the way to his greatne&s;s; having been much furthered by tho&s;e qualities he hath, which are &s;o de&s;erving, that he that rai&s;ed him hath no cau&s;e to repent the doing it. The Court does generally prai&s;e him: But he was ever ab&s;ent all my time, &s;o that I can give no judg|ment of him, but from the reports of others, which however do tend to allow him the quality of a Man of merits, and one that is very affectionate to your mo&s;t Serene Republique.</P>
<P><HI>Rondarini,</HI> a <HI>Roman,</HI> though he be originary of <HI>Romagnia,</HI> is worthy of the degree he &s;tands in for the goodne&s;s and &s;implicity of his manners. But he
<PB N="58" REF="39"> is otherwi&s;e no great man, for he hath but a weak judgment, which would ea&s;ily lo&s;e it &s;elf &s;hould he apply him&s;elf to bu&s;ine&s;s. He de&s;erves, however, the good-will of your mo&s;t Serene Signiory, for the many things he &s;peaks in her prai&s;e, and for the many Services his Family hath done your State, whereof the blood of the Marquis his Brother was a te&s;timony, who would needs &s;ignallize him&s;elf in an Employment as worthy as a War for Religion and Liberty.</P>
<P><HI>Gabrieli,</HI> a <HI>Roman,</HI> is a man that endeavours to conceal what is in his heart; for in&s;tead of di&s;co|vering him&s;elf, he makes a great Apology of Com|plements. There are &s;ome of opinion, that his Ar|ti&s;ice may help to rai&s;e him higher, but I do not be|lieve it, becau&s;e the manner of acting of Pope <HI>Inno|cent,</HI> which is that of the <HI>Romanes,</HI> hath opened the eyes of the world too much, the pre&s;ent times re|quiring rather a per&s;on that will prefer the publique good than his own. He abides the mo&s;t part of his time at his Church of <HI>A&s;coli,</HI> feeding him&s;elf with this Maxim, That the le&s;s a Cardinal is at Court, the ea&s;ier is it for him to get into the Pope's Chair. But, though that may be true in general, yet it hold: no water among&s;t the cunning and refined <HI>Roma<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"></HI> Wits, who by this very retreat di&s;cover his mind &s;oone&s;t that would thereby hide it, and who ever pre|fer that Man fir&s;t, who is mo&s;t skilful in the manage|ment of great affairs.</P>
<P><HI>Lugo,</HI> a <HI>Spaniard,</HI> and Je&s;uit, is a man very learned in Divinity, but &s;ince he for&s;ook the Pulpit he hath &s;hewed him&s;elf no le&s;s skilful in State mat|ters. He acted with great &s;ucce&s;s in the Conclave
<PB N="59" REF="39"> for the election of the pre&s;ent Pope, and though <HI>Bar|beriao</HI> were cried down for de&s;iring to make him Pope, out of a certain fancy that came in his head, yet did he u&s;e his utmo&s;t endeavour to advance <HI>Chigi,</HI> whom he knew to be very favourable to his Con|gregation, as he hath &s;ince &s;hewed him&s;elf. He can do no more than he now doth to make it appear to your Signory, that he hath a great e&s;teem for you, and that he is extremely troubled to &s;ee her op|pre&s;&s;ed by &s;uch fierce and potent Arms. I believe he &s;peaks frankly, being a con&s;ciencious man; but perhaps, too, the great de&s;ire he hath to make tho&s;e of his Order more acceptable among&s;t you, prompts his tongue to &s;ay more than is in his heart.</P>
<P><HI>Raggi,</HI> a <HI>Genoe&s;e,</HI> who &s;ucceeded <HI>Raggi</HI> his Uncle, was made a Cardinal by the <HI>Genoe&s;es</HI> means, who to rai&s;e him to this Dignity expended twice as much as is u&s;ual. But it is very ju&s;t that the mony, which they &s;queeze from all the world, &s;hould be afterwards turned into that &s;moak which the Court of <HI>Rome</HI> daily &s;ells. This Cardinals endowments are very proper and fit for a Mini&s;ter of the Chamber, as he hath been a long time: and indeed, there are few that do &s;ucceed better in that employment than the <HI>Genoe&s;es,</HI> who are mo&s;t active in running about to fill their pur&s;es, I am told, that &s;ince he is made Cardinal, he hath &s;hewed him&s;elf &s;omewhat more gallant, and hath pretty well &s;tudied the affairs of the world, which may be &s;oon learned having a very pre&s;ent wit, if he do but apply him&s;elf as much to it, as he did in his Office of the Pope's Trea&s;urer.</P>
<P><HI>Homodei,</HI> a <HI>Milanois,</HI> <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ho&s;e rather to follow the Prelacy, and attain to the Purple, th<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters"> to pre&s;erve
<PB N="60" REF="40"> his Family, which is in hazard of peri&s;hing for want of I&s;&s;ue. It is neverthele&s;s con&s;iderable, full of wealth, and alli'd to the greate&s;t Families in <HI>Spain.</HI> He hath obtained what he pretended to, after he had made him&s;elf known to be a man capable of every thing, tying him&s;elf &s;trictly to the things that belong to his profe&s;&s;ion. He is of a very free di&s;po&s;ition, as the <HI>Lombards</HI> generally are, &s;o that one may con&s;ide in him. He let &s;omething fall in the Conclave which did not plea&s;e the <HI>Spaniards;</HI> but there were &s;everal in the Con&s;piration, &s;o that they could not lay the fault on him &s;ingly. He &s;ays plainly that he is a <HI>Venetian,</HI> as much as his fidelity to his King will &s;uffer him, which is to &s;ay in good <HI>Engli&s;h,</HI> he is a good <HI>Italian.</HI></P>
<P>The Prince <HI>John Charls</HI> of <HI>Med<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ces,</HI> Brother of the Great Duke, is ever in&s;eparably united with the Cardinal <HI>Charls</HI> his Uncle, the Dean of the College; in this, however, his reputation is the greater, as having carried him&s;elf with much heat to the ex|clu&s;ion, and with much skill to the inclu&s;ion of tho&s;e, who being either partial, or his friends, were in|cluded There can be nothing expected from this Lord, who is perfect in Rea&s;ons of State, but &s;uch actions as &s;hall be favourable, and for the good of Italy, wherein likewi&s;e the good of his own Family is compri&s;ed.</P>
<P><HI>Ludovi&s;io,</HI> of <HI>Bologna,</HI> who was grafted into that Family by the Mother of the Prince <HI>Ludovi&s;io,</HI> hath the reputation of an hone&s;t man, but he hath tho&s;e defects to which all &s;uch kind of men are &s;ubject; for they are ob&s;tinate and indi&s;creet; and &s;ometimes too they have a grain of folly. It is difficult to Ne|gotiate
<PB N="61" REF="40"> with him, for if in any bu&s;ine&s;s it come once into his mind, that there is &s;ome ca&s;e of Con|&s;cience in it, it makes him &s;o ob&s;tinate, that nothing is ever able to make him change his opinion, and that mo&s;t commonly without any rea&s;on, as the Officers of the Penitentiaries them&s;elves have con|fe&s;&s;ed, of whom he is the Chief: Whence it follows, that although as a Soveraign Mini&s;ter he might di&s;|patch bu&s;ine&s;s, &s;eeing he hath the power, yet one mu&s;t nece&s;&s;arily return to the Pope, and be at a dou|ble trouble to obtain his command for the expedition of it. I dealt the lea&s;t with him I po&s;&s;ibly could, it being hard to come fairly off with &s;uch men, on the contrary, there is nothing to be gained mo&s;t com|monly from them but ill-will and di&s;content.</P>
<P><HI>Saacta Croce,</HI> a <HI>Roman,</HI> agreed with Pope <HI>Inno|cent</HI>'s genius, in the ea&s;ie and clear method wherein I have heard him expre&s;s the mo&s;t difficult and knotty affairs, and that was it which gained him the favour of <HI>Innocent:</HI> for although that Pope were a great Lawyer, yet he did not very readily under&s;tand a difficult ca&s;e: and therefore he loved tho&s;e that made things out ea&s;ie and clear to him, and fit for his apprehen&s;ion: be&s;ides, he had taken a fancy to rai&s;e the &s;omewhat depre&s;&s;ed antient noble Families of the <HI>Roman</HI> Nobility, as was this of <HI>Sancta Cro<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">e,</HI> that they might owe the obligation to him. He had accompli&s;hed this de&s;ign, had not his Niece with her much importunity diverted it. It is certain, that the inclu&s;ion of this Cardinal was highly prai&s;ed, he having added both Virtue and Merit to his No|bility, which good opinion he confirms by the daily proofs he gives of his good-will in all publick affairs.</P>
<PB N="62" REF="41">
<P><HI>Cibo,</HI> who is one of the Lords of <HI>Malta</HI> of <HI>Carrara,</HI> hath a great reputation at Court, becau&s;e of the in|tegrity of his mind, his good life, and great know|ledge of the intere&s;ts of Princes, in which he hath &s;ignaliz'd him&s;elf in two Legations. He is adored, if I may &s;ay &s;o, in the Church of <HI>Je&s;i,</HI> where he re|&s;ides, and the Pope, who otherwi&s;e would have need of men of his parts, does not call him thence, as un|willing to deprive that City of &s;o worthy a Pa&s;tor. And were it their rule to reward Merit, there is no|thing &s;o great and good but would fall to his &s;hare, but private intere&s;t denies it him. I &s;hould readily give him my vote, were it required, knowing I &s;hould therein at the &s;ame time both &s;atisfie my con&s;cience, and &s;erve my Country, which I under|&s;tand how really he loves.</P>
<P><HI>Aquaviva,</HI> a <HI>Neapolitan,</HI> was preferred before an|other whom Pope <HI>Innocent</HI> de&s;ired, for &s;ome con&s;i|derations repre&s;ented to him by <HI>Donaa Olimpia,</HI> who fore&s;eeing the Pope could not long &s;urvive, thought it good policy to &s;trengthen her Family by the ad|vancement of &s;uch noble per&s;ons as might protect her on occa&s;ion But &s;he deceived her &s;elf, regarding one|ly the merits of the per&s;ons, and not con&s;idering whether &s;he &s;hould receive all tho&s;e acknowledg|ments and retributions which men of honor are en|gag'd to return at need. He hath, however, a po|pular applau&s;e, but I cannot tell whether the <HI>Spa|niards</HI> are &s;atisfi'd with him, &s;ince he did not &s;eem to give them any content in the Conclave. But I am very much taken with his expre&s;&s;ions, which ever tend to the publick good.</P>
<P><HI>Goudi,</HI> or as he is called at pre&s;ent, <HI>de Rets,</HI> hath made the world talk of him, both before and &s;ince
<PB N="63" REF="41"> his promotion to be Cardinal: before, becau&s;e he was as it were the Scourge, that excited troubles in all occurrences, that admitted of the lea&s;t pretence to thwart the pre&s;ent Government: and &s;ince, be|cau&s;e his authority being increa&s;ed, he pre&s;umed his importunities again&s;t <HI>Mazarin</HI> and his Parti&s;ans would become more effectual, and that onely for his particular intere&s;t, and to make him&s;elf famous in the admini&s;tration of affairs. It cannot be denied but <HI>Mazarin</HI> was in a kind of dream when he named him for that Dignity, and committed a very great error therein, not foreca&s;ting the event of it. And indeed, Pope <HI>Innocent</HI> reproached him highly for de|&s;pi&s;ing and dealing unhand&s;omely with one of that Dignity, whom both him&s;elf and all <HI>France</HI> had pre|&s;ented to the Court of <HI>Rome,</HI> by their recommen|dations. But this does not make good the too bold pretences of the Eccle&s;ia&s;tical power, which pre|&s;umes, it is unlawful for great Princes to re&s;train the exorbitancies of a Cardinal, that endeavours to trouble the peace of the Country. There were di|vers A&s;&s;emblies at <HI>Rome</HI> to con&s;ult a way, whereby, without prejudice to the Cardinal Dignity, they might allay his di&s;content, but it was very difficult, &s;ince tho&s;e of <HI>France</HI> required &s;ecurity that he &s;hould breed no di&s;turbance, and tho&s;e in <HI>Rome</HI> could not re&s;olve to do it, becau&s;e the means propounded was to give away his Church at <HI>Paris</HI> to another, and keep him out of <HI>France,</HI> without leaving him de&s;ti|tute of what was nece&s;&s;ary for his maintenance.</P>
<P><HI>Charles Barberino</HI> is the third Cardinal of that Family, which is rarely &s;een; but that which de|&s;erves more admiration, is that this exce&s;s of favour proceeded from a Pope, who had made it his task to
<PB N="64" REF="42"> eclip&s;e, not to &s;ay de&s;troy, that Hou&s;e; &s;o evident it is, that &s;elf-intere&s;t over-&s;ways the minds of men, making tho&s;e that were the mo&s;t inveterate enemies to become the mo&s;t endeared friends. This recon|ciliation, and the alliance that was made betwixt the&s;e Families, was the work of <HI>Donna Olimpia,</HI> who prudently con&s;idered, that if the Pope &s;uffer'd this enmity to continue, he would be expo&s;ed thereby to the &s;ame inconveniencies they had brought upon others. This reflexion plea&s;ed, and was &s;econded by a mo&s;t advantagious reciprocal union. Nor was there any cau&s;e of &s;cruple that the Pope joyned Purple to Purple in the &s;ame Family, con&s;idering the excellent qualities of this young man, who &s;hewed an extra|ordinary wit and mode&s;ty to all men, and who ap|plying him&s;elf wholly to the noble&s;t &s;tudies, re|nounced his birth-right in favour of his younger Brother, to make him&s;elf a Church-man; and in|deed, is a very good Clergy-man, who never medles with any other kind of bu&s;ine&s;s. He depends ab&s;olutely on the Cardinal <HI>Francis,</HI> and conforms him&s;elf wholly to his manner of life.</P>
<P><HI>Pio,</HI> a <HI>Ferrarian,</HI> is of a Family known to your mo&s;t Serene Lord&s;hips for its Nobility, and the me|rits of its Branches, which &s;hall make me &s;ay the le&s;s of him. He does not enjoy his health perfectly though he be but young, and may perhaps leave his Church at <HI>Ferrara,</HI> becau&s;e the air of <HI>Rome</HI> better agrees with him, where he hath acquir'd a great deal of wealth, and intends to &s;ettle him&s;elf altogether. He glories in the natural affection he hath towards your mo&s;t Serene Signiory, as of a thing he much values and mo&s;t highly e&s;teems.</P>
<PB N="65" REF="42">
<P><HI>Aldobrandin,</HI> a <HI>Roman,</HI> but originary of <HI>Florence,</HI> is the onely remainder of a Papal Family, founded upon &s;even Great-grand-children, Nepvews of <HI>Cle|ment</HI> the VIII, who were &s;o extreme robu&s;t, that one would have judged their Line eternal, and yet this Branch is withered. To find a Cardinal of this Family, as the Prince&s;s <HI>Ro&s;&s;ano</HI> de&s;ired, who is the &s;ole Hegre&s;s of all that E&s;tate, they were fain to &s;eek out this &s;mall Courtier, who &s;prings from the &s;ame Stock indeed, but by rea&s;on of his poverty was neg|lected even of his own kindred. This example, to|gether with many others, &s;hould make the Pope's clearly know, as well as their kindred, that what ever care and pains they take to rai&s;e their Family, it ne|ver &s;ucceeds or continues long, God not being plea&s;ed to &s;uffer tho&s;e Grandeurs, which are founded on the Church's Patrimony, to &s;tand as they would have it. And who ever would be plea&s;ed to look over the Hi&s;tory of the Popes, where their Families are regi&s;tred &s;hall find this an infallible Truth: for one &s;hall di&s;cover, that either they were quite extin|gui&s;hed, or &s;uch as were left remaining became re|duced to a condition below a mean Fortune: This Cardinal doth acknowledge, that all he hath came from that Prince&s;s, who was willing to &s;how her ac|knowledgments to the blood of the <HI>Aldobrandinos,</HI> and now, by &s;howing him&s;elf worthy, as he hath done, of the honour conferred upon him, and gain|ing a good opinion of every one, upon all occa&s;ions, he patiently expects the time which may prove more favourable to him.</P>
<P><HI>Vidman</HI> &s;taid longer here than he &s;aid he would do when he went from <HI>Rome,</HI> where he was &s;ur|pri&s;ed with the immature death of Count <HI>David</HI> his
<PB N="66" REF="43"> Brother, for whom the whole Court was very &s;or|rowful; becau&s;e tho&s;e Lords, be&s;ides the good for|tune they have had to &s;ee their Family &s;o well &s;tored with all &s;orts of riches, do &s;o win the affections of all people by their &s;weet conver&s;e, that there is none but are ravi&s;h'd at their pro&s;perity. The Cardinal is al&s;o an excellent natur'd man, who, to all his other good qualities, adds a mo&s;t tender love towards his Country, which is reciprocally obliged to make their acknowledgments to him upon every occa&s;ion.</P>
<P><HI>Spada</HI> of <HI>Luca,</HI> is a Prelate who was emploi'd in <HI>Urban</HI>'s time in the affairs of greate&s;t confidence, and he held the &s;ame credit in the time of Pope <HI>Innocent,</HI> which is an evident te&s;timony that he hath excellent qualities. In his Legation to <HI>Ferrara</HI> he did you all the good Offices that you could expect from that good Neighbourhood; and when your Amba&s;&s;adors were received in that City in their pa&s;&s;age to <HI>Rome,</HI> he out-did all the Mini&s;ters of the Apo&s;&s;olique Chair in expre&s;&s;ions of civility; whence I draw this con&s;equence, that he very perfectly knows your Lord&s;hips worths, and the great obligations which are due to you from the Court of <HI>Rome.</HI></P>
<P><HI>Gualtieri D'Orvicte</HI> is <HI>Donna Olimpia</HI>'s Creature, who having power to do what &s;he would, brought this man and another that depended wholly upon her, to promotion, by ca&s;ting du&s;t in the Pope's eyes that he might not &s;ee what &s;he did, not caring whe|ther he were plea&s;ed or not, after &s;he made him com|mit the &s;ault. This Cardinal was not at <HI>Rome</HI> during my abode, he re&s;ides at his Church at <HI>Fremo,</HI> where he can yet, him&s;elf, hardly believe he is awake, and really in po&s;&s;e&s;&s;ion of what he holds. There is
<PB N="67" REF="43"> little good to be &s;aid of him, and that you may judge this a truth, it may &s;uffice to tell you, it was a work of the Brain of that Woman.</P>
<P><HI>Ode&s;calco de Como</HI> hath the <HI>Lombard</HI> way of acting, which is to &s;ay, ingenious and franck, and truly he is held to be without malice. He does not profe&s;s any skill in Politiques, but wants not for judgment, and makes good u&s;e of it; in time and place convenient. I have nothing to alledge again&s;t him, &s;ince the Court finds no fault with him; when this man is mention'd they &s;peak briefly, without making any reflection of his good or bad qualities, which is a con|vincing proof that there is more good than hurt in him, becau&s;e at Court they pardon none they can except again&s;t. I believe your mo&s;t Serene Signiory may con&s;ide in a per&s;on of his humor, when he makes prote&s;tation of his affection towards you, as he hath done every time I was with him.</P>
<P>Our <HI>Ottobuono</HI> for his &s;weet and charming con|ver&s;ation is beloved of all the Court, nor are there any but do wi&s;h him a greater dignity than he hath: and truly he hath rendred him&s;elf worthy of it by his continued labours and vigilancy: and the rather, becau&s;e by his actions, accompani'd with &s;o much civility to all the world; and his judgment in man|aging bu&s;ine&s;s of con&s;equence, he hath made it ap|parent that he de&s;erves one &s;hould con&s;ide in him. The City of <HI>Bre&s;cia</HI> is too narrow a limit for the ex|erci&s;e of his Virtues: and the expences he makes would have been better employed in &s;ome Legation, or &s;ome con&s;iderable employment at Court, where, to &s;peak truth, &s;uch weak men do re&s;ide, that either for the &s;ucce&s;s in an affair, or for want of choo&s;ing
<PB N="68" REF="44"> the readie&s;t and &s;afe&s;t ways, they do even di&s;plea&s;e tho&s;e whom they mo&s;t favour.</P>
<P>But as for his exile from Court, which we may t<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">m honourable, the cau&s;e thereof can be attributed to nothing el&s;e, but the knowledge they have of his eminent virtues, as well for that ordinarily Vir|tue is looked upon with an envious eye, as becau&s;e he did in the Conclave endeavour earne&s;tly to unite the oppo&s;ite parties, who wavered and ob&s;tructed all other de&s;igns. All I can &s;ay to your Excellencies of this Lord, is, that the affection he bears his Native Country is the mo&s;t tender and hearty that can be de&s;ired in any of your mo&s;t Serene Republique's Subjects, and whatever favours you be&s;tow, you can never place them better than on a man, who, like this &s;ame now mention'd, is wholly di&s;po&s;ed to prefer the publique intere&s;t in all occa&s;ions before his own.</P>
<P><HI>Maldachino</HI> is very well, the Pope was very careful to make him go and take the aire of the <HI>Campagnia</HI> for a good while, whence he returned at the intreatics of the Cardinals, who took that ab&s;enting for an exile: The <HI>Spaniards</HI> were not much allarm'd at his change, and declaration for <HI>France.</HI> Yet mu&s;t it be &s;aid in his prai&s;e, that he did very wi&s;ely, in &s;eeking the &s;upport and gaining the favour of a great King. Nay, there is &s;ome genero&s;ity in it, becau&s;e there is no appearance he was moved out of intere&s;t; &s;ince <HI>Mazarin</HI> is not a per&s;on likely to be&s;tow any great reward upon him, whether it be out of his natural inclination to par&s;imony, or &s;ome fixed de&s;ign to re|gulate and reduce the va&s;t expences of that Nation, drained by &s;o long a War, or &s;ome more hidden and refined politique con&s;ideration, it being certainly a
<PB N="69" REF="44"> pure folly to wa&s;te the Exchequer in Pen&s;ions for the Court of <HI>Rome.</HI> Be&s;ides, nothing is more apparent than this, that the way to gain tho&s;e people is to neg|lect them. Intere&s;t and Fear would &s;oon reunite them, and make them look towards <HI>France</HI> for &s;uc|cour, did they fear they were abandon'd to the dread|ful power of <HI>Spain:</HI> all the humility of &s;ubmi&s;&s;ion, and art of compliance would then be put in practi&s;e to make &s;ure of, and draw the <HI>French</HI> to their &s;ide to oppo&s;e that ambitious Neighbour, who &s;urrounding the Pope with <HI>Millan</HI> and <HI>Naples,</HI> may devour him when he hath the mind to it. I have vi&s;ited him ur|on &s;ome occa&s;ions, but never much regarded his di&s;cour&s;e, which &s;till tended to make me believe he is very much a &s;ervant to your mo&s;t Serene Lord|&s;hips.</P>
<P><HI>Borromeo,</HI> a <HI>Milanois,</HI> a Lord of a con&s;iderable Birth, hath ever given te&s;timony in tho&s;e employ|ments he hath had, of a &s;trict &s;ecre&s;ie, great mode|&s;ty and &s;incerity, which are qualities rarely lodged together in a man that is in power or command. He doth at pre&s;ent exerci&s;e the charge of Lega<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> in <HI>Ro|magnia</HI> with much prai&s;e, not giving any cau&s;e of complaint under his Government. I cannot but give a fair judgment of his Sentiments for the publique good, on which that of your mo&s;t Serene Republique is nece&s;&s;arily depending, which he a&s;&s;ured me of the la&s;t time I vi&s;ited him.</P>
<P><HI>Imperiale,</HI> a <HI>Genoe&s;e,</HI> is a man &s;it for Govern|ment, who quickly apprehends where any evil is, and hath capacity enough to apply the remedy. He hath al&s;o a free heart, which will not ea&s;ily yield when he finds on which &s;ide there is more rea&s;on.
<PB N="70" REF="45"> Yet cannot I tell whether he would &s;ucceed well if he had the Soveraign command, becau&s;e he is a <HI>Ge|noe&s;e,</HI> and prepo&s;te&s;s'd with the Maxims of his Coun|try, which pretend to attain to that in a &s;hort time, to which other Potentates could not arrive but by a &s;ucce&s;&s;ion of many ages; and this may perhaps be one of the cau&s;es will exclude him from any higher advancement. In the mean time, he makes very powerful prote&s;tations, that he will ever &s;ide with tho&s;e who &s;tand for the Liberty of <HI>Italy,</HI> which is to &s;ay in good <HI>Engli&s;h,</HI> that he will &s;ide with your mo&s;t Serene Republique.</P>
<P><HI>A&s;talli,</HI> a <HI>Roman,</HI> hath acted &s;everal parts at the Court of <HI>Rome</HI> in a &s;hort time. He was a Prelate of a mean Fortune; &s;ince that he was made a Cardinal. He was of kindred, and &s;upported by Pope <HI>Innocent</HI>'s Niece, who would &s;peak all, and do all, at that time when he was made Cardinal He was in <HI>Pamfilio</HI>'s Family in quality of a Nepvew: a while after he was rejected as unworthy of that Title, exiled from <HI>Rome,</HI> and almo&s;t ca&s;t into the Precipice: but a little after the death of <HI>Innocent</HI> he &s;omewhat recovered him&s;elf again, yet could not make them re&s;tore what they had taken. In fine, he found relief in the prote|ction of the Catholique King, who hath be&s;towed &s;ome Large&s;s upon him, which hath &s;et him in a pretty good po&s;ture. The Hi&s;tory of the &s;trange turns he hath been &s;ubject to, would be very curious, but it being too prolix, I &s;hall pa&s;s it by; becau&s;e, likewi&s;e, ere this Writing appears, no doubt but the Relations of tho&s;e times will &s;et forth the truth of it. There can be nothing more intricate than the con|dition of that Family, which then governed; for on the one &s;ide, the Pope's Niece and her Confederates
<PB N="71" REF="45"> were ever making &s;ome enterprize, and on the other the Cardinal <HI>Panciroli,</HI> who was then the chief Mi|ni&s;ter of State, countermined them, and either of the&s;e &s;coffed at that Pope before his face; becau&s;e, although he had wit enough, yet he had not the judgment or way to make tho&s;e &s;tand in awe of him, who were the mo&s;t obliged to him.</P>
<P>In the mean time, this Cardinal, after he had un|dergone &s;o many different Fortunes, attained to his ca&s;e and quiet, yet without any great repute or e&s;teem, being more addicted to follow his own in|clinations, than to &s;erve the Publique; and therefore I cannot inform you what his affection is towards this Republique.</P>
<P><HI>Albjci,</HI> of <HI>Cenata,</HI> is a man, who finding he can rai&s;e him&s;elf no higher by the ways of eminent vir|tue, is re&s;olved to try what he can do by his extra|vagancies; and this it is makes him &s;peak &s;o freely again&s;t the corruptions of the times, which he is not &s;atisfi'd in doing in private, but taking delight to &s;hew his Eloquence, which is not the highe&s;t that ever was, he di&s;cour&s;es of it in publique Oratories, and &s;ometimes with biting expre&s;&s;ions, which &s;eems to aim at the Popes creatures, who are in command. This is ill re&s;ented at the Palace, but they let him go on, as if they under&s;tood him not: and yet not being free from failings him&s;elf, it is wonder'd he &s;hould be &s;o apt to cen&s;ure others. He hath rather I know not what kind of commerce with the world, than any con&s;iderable knowledge; and having been cho&s;en by Pope <HI>Innocent,</HI> as a per&s;on fit for Go|vernment, he made him a Cardinal, having more re&s;pect to his being an enemy to <HI>Macula<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">o,</HI> who was hated by this Family, that &s;o he might oppo&s;e all
<PB N="72" REF="46"> that favour'd him, than to any merit was found to be in him&s;elf. He &s;peaks very fine things again&s;t tho&s;e that &s;hew them&s;elves &s;low and cold in their pre&s;ent a&s;&s;i&s;tance of this Signory; but his importu|nate and tedious di&s;cour&s;es are but little regarded, nor indeed e&s;teemed &s;incere, becau&s;e they are always Satyrical.</P>
<P><HI>Azzolino de la Marca</HI> was brought to be Cardinal by tho&s;e means that prevail mo&s;t at <HI>Rome,</HI> that is to &s;ay, by di&s;covering the defects of others; I &s;hall not &s;tand here to repeat the &s;tory of <HI>A&s;talli</HI>'s fall, cau&s;ed partly by the reports, true or fal&s;e, of this man. It is certain, there are no eminent virtues in him, and if you except but &s;ome pretty little fla&s;hes of the Pen, which he learned in the exerci&s;e of his Office of Se|cretary, I &s;ee nothing extraordinary in him. He &s;pends mo&s;t part of his time in amorous entertain|ments, while all he does, brings little benefit to the Publique. I never much e&s;teemed the great care he takes to expre&s;s the devotion he hath for your Signio|ry, becau&s;e I know any thing plea&s;es his mind more than thoughts of bu&s;ine&s;s, thinking all his time too &s;hort to recreate him&s;elf.</P>
<P>The Cardinal <HI>Lantgrave</HI> of <HI>He&s;&s;e,</HI> who is a Lord of a high birth and a generous &s;pirit; might have made better u&s;e of his Talents, as it is believed, in the profe&s;&s;ion of a Souldier, than of a Gown-man: not but that he hath given &s;ome good tokens, by proving him&s;elf a good Catholique, and a good Di&s;ciple in the Maxims of the Court of <HI>Rome;</HI> but when it concerns his taking any advantage, as he pretends much, reflecting on what he is, every one withdraws, even the <HI>Spaniards</HI> them&s;elves, who other|wi&s;e
<PB N="73" REF="46"> being wont to &s;hew their large&s;s towards tho&s;e of his quality, are yet &s;paring to him, not well ap|prehending what &s;ervice they can expect at <HI>Rome</HI> from a Prince, who hath laid a&s;ide his Armour to take up a Cardinal's little Gown: and that which makes them perhaps more di&s;ta&s;ted with him, is his leaving the Prote&s;tant Religion to become a Catho|lique without any &s;tudy or learning, which are mo&s;t nece&s;&s;ary Ornaments in a Cardinal; e&s;pecially a &s;tranger, that intends to gain any credit near the Pope. Neverthele&s;s he does not di&s;pair but the time may come, when he may &s;ettle him&s;elf at <HI>Rome</HI> in the condition others are in there, without any need of &s;eeking abroad for a&s;&s;i&s;tance, as he hath been forc'd to do when he &s;taid there after the creation of this Pope, being &s;till put to his &s;hifts, by rea&s;on of the few a&s;&s;ignations he had, in&s;omuch that he was forc'd to be gone for fear of intangling him&s;elf. He is a Gentleman of a good judgment, who, following the candour, &s;o natural to his Country, either blames or prai&s;es as he finds people de&s;erve. He &s;peaks of your Signiory in the &s;ame terms as a very good <HI>Italian</HI> &s;hould do.</P>
<P><HI>Sforza,</HI> a <HI>Roman,</HI> hath given him&s;elf to the <HI>Span|yards,</HI> being ea&s;ily drawn to their party, not &s;o much for the rich benefices they be&s;towed on him, as out of the hatred he bears again&s;t <HI>Mazarin,</HI> with whom he could never have agreed, had he remained for the <HI>French.</HI> There accrues no benefit to the <HI>Span|yard</HI> by the gaining of this Cardinal, but onely the reputation of having a man on their &s;ide of a great birth, and a bold &s;pirit: for he hath otherwi&s;e no great gifts, nor any con&s;iderable adherents be&s;ides the Great Duke, towards whom he &s;hows him&s;elf very
<PB N="74" REF="47"> re&s;erv'd. His genious ever inclined more towards the <HI>French</HI> than the <HI>Spani&s;h;</HI> yet hath he moulded his humour to the <HI>Spani&s;h</HI> &s;ervice ab&s;olutely, &s;ince he found how much more certain the <HI>Spanyards</HI> a&s;&s;ign|ments are than the <HI>French,</HI> and more beneficial than the others could be. This Family hath ever pro|fe&s;&s;ed to have a great deal of affection for your pro|&s;perity, and many of them have had employments under you, which they have performed with a great deal of applau&s;e from your mo&s;t Serene Republique, This Cardinal does not forget to profe&s;s oftentimes, that his affection hath the &s;ame bias.</P>
<P>Here ends the old College. It remains now that I &s;hould &s;peak &s;omewhat of Pope <HI>Alexander</HI>'s Crea|tures, of four of which, <HI>viz.</HI> the Cardinals <HI>Chigi, Ro&s;piglio&s;i, Pallavicini,</HI> and <HI>Bichi,</HI> having di&s;cour&s;ed enough in the beginning, I &s;hall add what may be &s;aid of the other five, whom he hath made Car|dinals.</P>
<P><HI>Bagni</HI> is a Cavalier, as noble as he is under&s;tand|ing in the things of Peace and War. The <HI>Spanyards</HI> were doubtful of the Defunct Cardinal his Brother, nor do I believe they put any great confidence in this, whom they know to be very intimate with <HI>Ma|zarin,</HI> which they di&s;covered by the reproaches of Pope <HI>Innocent,</HI> who found by <HI>Bagni</HI>'s Letters in read|ing of them, that it was <HI>Mazarin</HI> had dictated them, for which he was very ill treated during his Nun|ciature in <HI>France,</HI> the A&s;&s;ignments belonging to that Charge being then taken away from him, as an u&s;ele&s;s Mini&s;ter: But the pre&s;ent Pope, while&s;t he was Secretary to <HI>Innocent,</HI> having more wit than he to judge of the actions of a Mini&s;ter, had &s;till an
<PB N="75" REF="47"> e&s;teem for him; and the time being come to di&s;cover his mind, he declared it more by effects than verbal expre&s;&s;ions, honouring him with the Cardinal Pur|ple, and admitting him among&s;t his Confidents, and that with rea&s;on, becau&s;e his Brother and he have &s;erved the Apo&s;tolique State the &s;pace of three-&s;core years. He is antient and unhealthful, This Honour falling to his &s;hare in a fit time to attend him to his grave.</P>
<P><HI>Paulucci</HI> of <HI>Romagnia</HI> hath attained to a great age, thorow many troubles and fatigues, which have gained him a recompence in a time, wherein he hath little other advantage but his hopes, tho&s;e advance|ments onely excepted which his friends have pro|cured him: which hapned very &s;ea&s;onably at this time, he not being fit to perform the Functions of a Cardinal, as being blind. He was never endued with much patience, and much retarded the progre&s;s of his Fortune by often &s;peaking publickly with too much liberty. Otherwi&s;e he is a good man, but one that is more knowing in the Canon Law, than prudent in his conver&s;e in the world.</P>
<P><HI>Elci</HI> of <HI>Siena</HI> had not the Title of Nunclo before he was a Cardinal, but he was highly approved by the Pope, and be&s;ides that, of his kindred. And it was ea&s;ie to di&s;cover by the tenderne&s;s of the Pope's expre&s;&s;ions to him, before he brought him to pro|motion, that he was enrolled among&s;t tho&s;e he mo&s;t loved. Your mo&s;t Serene Lord&s;hips know him far better than I do, having had him there as Nuncio a long while among&s;t you, with &s;uch &s;atisfaction as you may well remember. His qualities makes him worthy of the Purple and the Papal Mitre; and I
<PB N="76" REF="48"> believe he may come to it in time, unle&s;s the Court grow weary of the <HI>Sienans,</HI> whereof there being al|ready three in the Colledge, it is to be thought the number may yet increa&s;e, if the Pope live as long as he promi&s;es to him&s;elf. The thought this Cardinal hath of your mo&s;t Serene Republique could not be more advantagious than they are.</P>
<P><HI>Bonvi&s;i</HI> of <HI>Leuca,</HI> hath pa&s;&s;ed through all the Offices at Court, &s;hewing &s;ometimes a con&s;tant re|&s;olution of fixing there, and otherwile an inclination to quit it, as it &s;eemed in his long ab&s;ence he had intended. In this Pope's time, his hopes renewed afre&s;h, con&s;idering he had a re&s;pect to the merits of de&s;erving per&s;ons: and truly he called him of his own accord, without being courted to it. He was at fir&s;t Ma&s;ter of his Holine&s;s Chamber, and in that Office he improved the good opinion the Pope had of him, &s;o that he was compri&s;ed in the fir&s;t pro|motion together with five other men, who had all parts nece&s;&s;ary to attain to the Dignities of Cardi|nals. He hath none but good qualities, and knows how to gain the love and e&s;teem of others, as well as to love and e&s;teem others him&s;elf, and e&s;pecially tho&s;e Princes that de&s;erve mo&s;t, in which number, to my knowledge, he places your mo&s;t Serene Signory.</P>
<P><HI>Farne&s;e,</HI> a <HI>Roman,</HI> was under <HI>Innocent</HI> for a time the fifth Evangeli&s;t. That Pope followed his opinion in all things, and e&s;teemed and made great choice of them, as proceeding from a man very learned, prudent, and of great integrity: afterwards he di|&s;liked him, becau&s;e he &s;pake not according to his fancy, and made no more u&s;e of him, but &s;pake of him even in a kind of a de&s;pi&s;ing way. The pre&s;ent Pope, who judges of the merits of men perfectly
<PB N="77" REF="48"> well, rai&s;ed him to the Office of Majordom, in which he di&s;charged him&s;elf exceeding well, although he had a thou&s;and other occupations, there being no A&s;&s;embly held to which he was not called, if they treated of any bu&s;ine&s;s of importance. He helped the Family at pre&s;ent in command to the purcha&s;e of the Lands of <HI>Farne&s;e,</HI> being his juri&s;diction, and &s;ug|ge&s;ted the means to exclude the Duke of <HI>Parma,</HI> who in default of this Branch was to &s;ucceed therein; in fine, having had the Hat for a reward, they com|mitted the Legation of <HI>Bologna</HI> to him, which he performs to the Pope's great &s;atisfaction. He is a great Wit, and perhaps greater than were fitting for the Publique, were he Pope: but &s;hould he pretend to it, he would find oppo&s;ition, and the greate&s;t would be the Duke of <HI>Parma,</HI> with whom he hath never kept any good corre&s;pondence for the intere&s;t of his Family; therefore the <HI>Spanyards,</HI> out of a com|plai&s;ance they have for the Duke, and becau&s;e they have prejudged he hath &s;ome inclination towards <HI>France,</HI> will do all they can po&s;&s;ibly to ob&s;truct his being made Pope.</P>
<P>The time of the promotion which is to be made in con&s;ideration of the Princes approaches, and &s;ince it is already made known who &s;hall be promoted, I leave that care to the mo&s;t excellent <HI>Sagredo</HI> to in|form your mo&s;t Serene Lord&s;hips of their condition and qualities, and &s;hall onely add, that as for him that pertains to your Republique, who is to be made Cardinal, I would not &s;ay any thing of it to the Pope, knowing this favour lights &s;till on tho&s;e who are mo&s;t agreeable to his Holine&s;s; it being &s;uffi|cient that your Signory does herein receive an ho|nour equal to tho&s;e other Crowns without pointing
<PB N="78" REF="49"> out the inclu&s;ion, or the exclu&s;ion of any one in par|ticular, provided you have no diffidence of the per|&s;on they &s;hall promote.</P>
<P>I could here &s;hut up the Li&s;t of tho&s;e that make up the grandeur of the Court of <HI>Rome,</HI> but &s;ince the Queen of <HI>Sweden</HI> hath made choice of it for her or|dinary re&s;idence, and that I hapned to communicate &s;ometimes with her Maje&s;ty, I &s;hall add &s;ome &s;mall matter which I have to &s;ay concerning this Prince&s;s.</P>
<P>At her fir&s;t coming to <HI>Rome</HI> &s;he had &s;o little know|ledge of the grandeur of your State, that &s;he thought it &s;trange your Mini&s;ters &s;hould be treated equally with tho&s;e of the greate&s;t Kings in Chri&s;tendom: and therefore when it was told her, that my Predi|ce&s;&s;or intended to give her a vi&s;it, &s;he &s;eemed in the beginning unwilling to allow him the &s;ame Honour &s;he granted to the Mini&s;ters of other Princes; but being informed that &s;he mi&s;took, &s;he conde&s;cended to do it in the &s;ame manner as was u&s;ual at Court. She was afterwards fully acquainted with the great &s;ervice this Republique did to all Chri&s;tendom, in oppo&s;ing &s;ingly the dreadful Forces of the common Enemy. And this made her &s;hew more complai&s;ance in often conver&s;ing with me; and to have the better occa&s;ions, not regarding her little power &s;o much as following the &s;entiments of her genero&s;ity, &s;he proffer'd to find out the means to rai&s;e a Regiment of Infantiy for the &s;ervice of this State, and gave the charge hereof to <HI>Sentinelli</HI> her favourite. But afterwards the difficulty of getting her mony out of <HI>Sweden</HI> being encrea&s;ed, the fir&s;t great heat of her good-will grew cool, &s;o that after the order &s;he had given for the receipt of a thou&s;and Doublons, &s;he made no other a&s;&s;ignment; all the re&s;t vani&s;hing in &s;moak, as well through the death of <HI>Sentinelli,</HI> who
<PB N="79" REF="49"> was u&s;ually there to pay the Soldiers, as the di&s;grace of another who till then was thought to be in favour with her Maje&s;ty. However, I omitted not to pay her my re&s;pects from time to time, in token of my acknowledgment, to which &s;he ever corre&s;ponded by actions of great civility. But to &s;ay truth, that Prince&s;s is po&s;&s;e&s;&s;ed onely with vain &s;peculations, which are the foundation of tho&s;e great undertakings &s;he de&s;ignes. And being unwilling to venture the hazard of misfortune, hoping for all &s;he de&s;ires, &s;o &s;he thinks every thing that comes in her fancy is very ea&s;ily brought to pa&s;s. And if the news of the King of <HI>Sweden</HI>'s death, which I heard of in my journey homewards, proves true, her want of mony will yet be greater. Indeed, Pope <HI>Alexan|der</HI> voluntarily engaged him&s;elf in tho&s;e great ex|pences were made for her reception at <HI>Rome,</HI> but no man doubts but he repented him of it &s;ince, when he perceived there was not that &s;olidity of judgment in her as had been reported; for &s;he hath made it appear, &s;he is a Woman like others, and by con&s;e|quence as &s;ubject to defects as any other of that Sex. She hath at pre&s;ent begun a cour&s;e of life &s;omewhat more moderate, and therefore more durable; and if &s;he would have really per&s;waded the world, that it was a knowledge of the true Religion which obliged her to quit her Crown and Kingdom, and pa&s;s into the bo&s;ome of another Church and Country, &s;he could not have taken a wi&s;er re&s;olution, than to have made her retrear into &s;ome Mona&s;tery where &s;he might have been at ea&s;e, and lead a quiet life free from trouble, and &s;uitable to her condition, not as to the greatne&s;s, but the conveniency of it, and with a liberty to have come out again when &s;he plea&s;ed. She did not much prai&s;e the Pope, but &s;aid, &s;he was
<PB N="80" REF="50"> promi&s;ed by him, that he would put her in a con|dition to live hand&s;omly; whereas on the contrary &s;he perceived, that his Holine&s;s kindred had not that e&s;teem for her they ought to have. She added many other things, which &s;hews her to be of a querulous humour, that is, ju&s;t like a Woman that cannot tell what &s;he would have. When I took leave of her, I found her pen&s;ive enough at the news of the dange|rous condition of the King of <HI>Sweden;</HI> which makes me believe what I heard &s;ince his death, that &s;he hath left <HI>Rome</HI> and is gone into her Country, the better to &s;ecure the payments they were engag'd to make her. When &s;he hath done that, if &s;he return to make her abode in <HI>Rome,</HI> many people will be glad of it, but, very few will have any cau&s;e to be jealous.</P>
<P>And now, having made know the internal and external qualities of the Pope, and his Kindred, to|gether with tho&s;e that &s;erve him, for aid and coun&s;el in his Government both Politique and Eccle&s;i|a&s;tique, it is time to examine the internal Senti|ments of his Holine&s;s towards Chri&s;tian Princes, and &s;o to conclude by examining what his thoughts are concerning the good and advantage of your mo&s;t Serene Republique, upon which, having made a mo&s;t &s;erious reflection, I dare believe that I &s;hall be but very little or not at all mi&s;taken.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<P>ANd to begin with him, who holds the fir&s;t and highe&s;t rank, and hath mo&s;t authority among&s;t Secular Princes, <HI>viz.</HI> the Emperour, we cannot &s;ay but the Pope holds very good intelligence or corre|&s;pondence with him, &s;ince at the Election of his Ma|je&s;ty
<PB N="81" REF="50"> to the Imperial Crown, he did all he was able to overcome tho&s;e difficulties the Electors made, who would hardly comply, unle&s;s &s;ome &s;atisfaction were allowed them which they pretended were due to them: and his Holine&s;s had much adoe to gain the favour as well of the Eccle&s;ia&s;tique as the Secular Electors, not to name the Prote&s;tants, who being on the one hand per&s;waded by the Sollicitations of the <HI>French,</HI> and on the other with-held by the certain knowledge, it was then the onely time to make their conditions better than they had been; for it was much impaired thorow the long continuance of that great Dignity in the <HI>Au&s;trian</HI> Family: and therefore the Pope &s;peaks very load of the high &s;ervices he therein did to his Imperial Maje&s;ty, having ju&s;t rea|&s;on to expect he &s;hould in retribution do any thing for him again that lies in his power: To which pur|po&s;e it is evident indeed, that they take all the care imaginable to plea&s;e him. Thus at the beginning of this Pope's Government, it was chiefly upon his &s;ollicitation that the Emperour attaqued the King of <HI>Sweden,</HI> by the inva&s;ion he made upon <HI>Pomerania,</HI> notwith&s;tanding the many difficulties might have hapned, by rea&s;on of the danger of breeding new troubles in <HI>Germany</HI> upon pretence of a breach of the Peace at <HI>Mun&s;ter,</HI> which the Friends and Allies of the <HI>Swede</HI> might allege: and which, is mo&s;t con|&s;iderable, this was undertaken in a time when the Court was empty of mony, which is a thing that ought &s;till to be had in readine&s;s upon any &s;udden commotion. Neverthele&s;s the Pope's per&s;wa&s;ions prevailed upon the promi&s;e he made, that if any urgent occa&s;ion required, and they called upon him, he would remit them a good &s;um from <HI>Rome;</HI> but al|though
<PB N="82" REF="51"> they did much want it, and craved it with much earne&s;tne&s;s, they were put off with many ex|cu&s;es to evade the promi&s;e, as it is the cu&s;tome of that Court to di&s;ingage them&s;elves, and leave tho&s;e others engaged who confide too much in them. And though this were hu&s;h'd up by the Imperiali&s;ts, yet it hath made them &s;omewhat forgetful of the obliga|tion the Pope pretended from this Court, e&s;pe|cially con&s;idering be&s;ides this, that the Pope's en|deavour for the election of <HI>Leopoldus,</HI> was not &s;o much to hinder the choice of any other, as out of this re&s;pect the Pope had, that if the Imperial Dignity &s;hould fall on any other Prince, it were not certain whether the Authority of the Court of <HI>Rome</HI> would be &s;till continued over the <HI>German</HI> Catholiques, or whether the Pope's Con&s;titutions would be ob&s;erv'd with the great reverence as now they are, under the Government of the Hou&s;e of <HI>Au&s;tria,</HI> which hath been ever very ob&s;ervant in the Cu&s;toms and Man|ners of that Court. I therefore hold it for true and certain, that the Pope and Emperor will at pre&s;ent keep a fair agreement, and the more, becau&s;e in the Treaty of Peace between the two Crowns of <HI>France</HI> and <HI>Spain,</HI> their intere&s;ts were little con&s;idered, &s;ince among&s;t all tho&s;e that were mentioned and com|pri&s;ed, the&s;e were placed la&s;t of all, at which they were both di&s;plea&s;ed and m<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">mured to them&s;elves; yet both di&s;lembled this di&s;content, which did in &s;ome manner help to tie them the more &s;trictly to their former con&s;idence, and made the Emperour give ear more readily to the Coun&s;els of the Pope, When the troubles in the North increa&s;ed. The Pope knows, that in the Emperor's Court perhaps he hath more credit than in any other in Chri&s;ten|dome,
<PB N="83" REF="51"> which will make him put tho&s;e de&s;igns in execution, he hath told me of more than once, which is, to put the Emperour upon a War that will prove advantagious to Chri&s;tendome by an ea&s;ie way, but wholly re&s;erv'd to him&s;elf. Perhaps the pre&s;ent juncture of affairs may render the thing more fea&s;ible than at another &s;ea&s;on; yet when his Holine&s;s told me his de&s;ign, what&s;oever reflexion I made, yet could I not apprehend either how or when it might be brought to pa&s;s. Nor do I be|lieve he would find much repugnance on the Empe|ror's part, having a lively &s;pirit, and great di&s;po|&s;ition to engage upon any good coun&s;el: but if there &s;hould be much mony required to carry it on, it would be e&s;teemed a Chymera, becau&s;e the Princes of this age have an aver&s;ion to all propo&s;itions of rupture that are made, and the Emperour more than any, e&s;pecially now his Coffers are drained, and part of tho&s;e under his power obey not their Supe|riour very willingly, whil&s;t others would be glad to &s;ee him fall, and every one is unwilling to disbur&s;e. The Emperour hath no other Mini&s;ter at <HI>Rome</HI> but the Cardinal <HI>Colonne,</HI> who bearing ever a great re|&s;pect to the Pope for the Intere&s;t of his Family, cannot do his Imperial Maje&s;ty any great &s;ervice in his Negotiations, but all pa&s;&s;es thorow the hands of the Lord <HI>Caraffe,</HI> Nuncio in the Imperial Court, who exerci&s;es that Office with as great &s;atisfaction to either &s;ide, as he did with profit, when he re&s;ided near your mo&s;t Serene Lord&s;hips.</P>
<P>The <HI>French</HI> Nation does, perhaps, be&s;t of any apprehend the Genious of the Court of <HI>Rome,</HI> and knows the readie&s;t ways to withdraw them&s;elves
<PB N="84" REF="52"> out of &s;uch inconveniencies wherein other Princes do in&s;enfibly engage them&s;elves. They e&s;teem and revere the Apo&s;tolique Chair in a Souvereign de|gree, and tender all the re&s;pect that can be re|quired from a Prince truly Catholique and pious; but for all this they are very clear-&s;ighted and wary to maintain their Prerogatives, and prevent the Eccle&s;ia&s;tiques, who at pre&s;ent endeavour to extend their power over all, from bringing any prejudice upon them. No &s;ooner is any decree made in the Sanctury of <HI>Rome</HI> which reli&s;hes of ambition, but it is carefully examined by the Par|liament, who oftentimes, without any qualifica|tion, gives judgment again&s;t &s;uch decrees, and after lets the Court of <HI>Rome</HI> cry out again&s;t them as they plea&s;e. Many times al&s;o upon the di&s;|cu&s;&s;ion and negative of what it contains they tell the Popes their Le&s;&s;on, when they go beyond their bounds in &s;eeking to dimini&s;h the Royal Autho|rity, &s;o that they are mo&s;t commonly con&s;trained to bow, and give &s;atisfaction. Which happens ve|ry rarely, when the Popes have to do with any other Princes, how great &s;oever they be, for out of divers re&s;pects they dare not u&s;e that liberty of &s;peech which is natural to the <HI>French;</HI> which makes the Popes le&s;s ha&s;ty to innovate the Prerogatives of that Kingdome, knowing that by bringing in &s;ome Novelty they do not advance their bu&s;ine&s;s, but rather wrong them&s;elves, at lea&s;t in their Re|putation if no other way, they being &s;till obliged either to relax, or not to &s;ee that put in execution which they had re&s;olved upon.</P>
<P>I could not find that the Pope had any aver&s;ion for that Nation, as &s;ome have believed, I onely
<PB N="85" REF="52"> perceived that he condemned their new form of Government, becau&s;e he thought it was invented by <HI>Mazarin,</HI> the onely object of all the injuries I ever heard from his Holine&s;s mouth. But at the &s;ame time he complained of <HI>Mazarine,</HI> he ever in|termixed &s;ome prai&s;es of the King and Queen, and &s;omewhat in commendations of the flouri&s;hing &s;tate of that Kingdom, to whom that unhappine&s;s was befallen, as he &s;aid, to be governed by one &s;ingle Man, who, without any regard to the publick good, &s;ought onely his own private intere&s;t; but when the fir&s;t news of the Peace was &s;pread abroad, he was a long time very pen&s;ive, and of opinion, that it was fit to take good con&s;ideration of what pa&s;&s;ed; &s;till doubting that <HI>Mazarin,</HI> by this plea&s;ing and wel|come news, had a de&s;ign to lull other Princes <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 word">, according to his u&s;ual policy, and af<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">e<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> &s;ome parade of his good intents, to avoid the world's blame, be|gin again a War with more fury than ever. After|wards, finding there was really a Treaty, and being confirmed in it by his own Mini&s;ters, he could do no le&s;s than expre&s;s &s;ome &s;igns of content, and de|clare, that having never asked any thing of God with more affection and de&s;ire than the making of this Peace, it was indifferent to him whether it was brought about by his or any other means, he having this comfort at lea&s;t, that the Articles could not differ very much from tho&s;e, which he a long time before by his many con&s;ultations and ca<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">s had framed to the &s;ame end. But, for all this, the Pope was &s;omewhat notled, though he would not &s;hew it, that it &s;hould be &s;aid, The Peace was now brought about by that &s;ame per&s;on, he had in all companies accu&s;ed as the onely di&s;&s;enter and o<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">|po<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">er
<PB N="86" REF="53"> of what he undertook to make them agree upon: and that the <HI>Spanyards</HI> &s;hould now come to acknowledge him the Author of the peace and quiet of their State, that had ever been their Anta|goni&s;t, and oppre&s;&s;ed them, to the great prejudice of the Catholique Religion: And although the Pope made a large di&s;cour&s;e in prai&s;e of <HI>Mazarin,</HI> to the Gentleman that came to <HI>Rome</HI> about the Di&s;pen&s;ation for the Marriage, briefly running over all the particulars therein, and making it pa&s;s for one of the greate&s;t and happie&s;t actions that ever was effected by any of his Predece&s;&s;ors, or Mini&s;ters; yet upon &s;ome occa&s;ions hapning &s;ince, it was ea&s;ie to take notice, that his Holine&s;s &s;till retains part of his old jealou&s;ie; and were there no other proof, that which pa&s;&s;ed concerning the Arch-bi&s;hop of <HI>Ambrun,</HI> Amba&s;&s;ador from the King of <HI>France</HI> to your mo&s;t Serene Lord&s;hips, were a &s;ufficient one, which hath occa&s;ion'd the great di&s;content that hath la&s;ted &s;o long time, and can|not yet be compo&s;ed. For the Pope &s;till pleads this, that although there were many other men in <HI>France</HI> of greater probity, and &s;itter for that em|ployment than he, yet <HI>Mazarin</HI> would put it upon an Eccle&s;ia&s;tique, that &s;o becau&s;e of the integrity required therein, and the inconveniencies which would follow, he might be &s;ure to find out &s;ome oc|ca&s;ion of di&s;content when he plea&s;ed. Your Lord|&s;hips cannot believe how much heat the Pope &s;hewed in maintaining this opinion, for although the difference were a trifle, the action not being in it &s;elf &s;o con&s;iderable as the Church-men would have it to be, yet I have been more puzzled about it than in matters of the highe&s;t importance, having
<PB N="87" REF="53"> had much ado to per&s;wade the Pope, not to believe your mo&s;t Serene Lord&s;hips took part rather with the <HI>French</HI> than him; who by your refu&s;ing to receive his Nuncio in a habit different from the ordinary garb, you &s;hewed how little you cared the Apo&s;to|lique Chair &s;hould maintain its Prerogatives, and that Authority that God alone can limit, I omitted not to &s;hew his Holine&s;s, mo&s;t &s;incerely that the end and onely aim of your Lord&s;hips was to pre|vent greater di&s;contents that might have followed, and to ab&s;tain from tho&s;e kind of Novelties which in time might have been made cu&s;tomary. I in|treated &s;ome of the mo&s;t con&s;iding and judicious Cardinals, to mediate about it, that &s;o &s;mall a matter might not make di&s;&s;ention, but that your Lord&s;hips &s;incerity might be looked on with a pru|dent eye. But the Pope would not be &s;atisfi'd with rea&s;on, who continuing his fir&s;t complaints, re|plied, <HI>That it was a premeditated bu&s;ine&s;s of</HI> Maza|rin'<HI>s, who had not been content to trouble the whole world by blowing the coals of di&s;&s;c<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">tion and war, but would now, if he could, make them find bitterne&s;s, too, in the very beginning of a Peace.</HI> He wa&s;ted a great part of the Audience before his anger could be abated, in the&s;e and the like kind of di&s;cour&s;es. And I doubt whether things can &s;tand long as they are, unle&s;s the <HI>French</HI> re&s;olve to recall their Am|ba&s;&s;ador from hence, as I think all the world is bound to do what they can, to maintain the Peace by &s;uch common &s;atisfactions, hoping that here|after things of &s;o &s;mall importance &s;hall not inter|rupt our greater joy and quiet. However, I think, notwith&s;tanding this I have related, I may truly tell your mo&s;t Serene Lord&s;hips, it is mo&s;t likely, that
<PB N="88" REF="54"> although the Pope and the King of <HI>France</HI> are not always ab&s;olutely &s;atisfi'd with each other, yet they would &s;carce be brought to &s;uch terms as &s;hould cau&s;e a rupture: they being likely to keep and con|tinue their amity, not onely during the life of this Pope and King, but of their Succe&s;&s;ors. And there are two rea&s;ons that oblige me to believe &s;o; the fir&s;t is, that the Popes finding they cannot intro|duce their Innovations according to their own fan|cies, by force and rigour, into that Kingdom, to the prejudice of the privileges of the <HI>Gallican</HI> Church, and the notable diminunion of their Tem|poral Juri&s;diction, will forbear it, that they may not undergo the contempt of &s;eeing their Decrees re|jected, and their Authority de&s;pi&s;ed. Whence it will follow, that the Cau&s;e cea&s;ing, tho&s;e Di&s;ten|tions, which are the Effects, will cea&s;e likewi&s;e. The &s;econd, which is purely Politique, may be re|duced to this, That although the Popes have ac|quired great power over the <HI>Spanyard,</HI> by their having &s;everal times extremely obliged them, and do in their Country exerci&s;e an Authority not at all di&s;puted, neverthele&s;s they cannot but have &s;ome jealou&s;ie and fear, le&s;t that Monarchy &s;hould one day open its eyes, and endeavour to ea&s;e them&s;elves of tho&s;e great burthens the Clergy have in&s;en&s;ibly laid on their backs; and becau&s;e if that &s;hould happen, it may be the thunder of the Cen&s;ures, and Temporal power of the Church, would prove in&s;ufficient to oppo&s;e that danger. The Pope's have therefore made it their Maxim to keep the Amity of the <HI>French,</HI> as a means thereby to help them&s;elves in ca&s;e there &s;hould any change or &s;tirs happen on the Hou&s;e of <HI>Au&s;tria.</HI> Some Cardinals have at
<PB N="89" REF="54"> times entertained me with di&s;cour&s;e on this &s;ubject, not in &s;uch plain terms, but however in &s;uch a way, that I could ea&s;ily perceive that they &s;ee clearer and farther then &s;ome Princes imagine they do. When ever the <HI>French,</HI> laying a&s;ide their &s;u&s;pition of the Clergies covertou&s;ne&s;s, &s;hall endeavour or de&s;ire to be at greater amity with the Court of <HI>Rome,</HI> there is no cau&s;e to fear but it would &s;ucceed, becau&s;e of their conformity in Religion, and becau&s;e of their own intere&s;t: who, if they &s;hould trouble the peace of <HI>Rome,</HI> would compel them to unite them&s;elves more firmly with the <HI>Spanyard,</HI> a thing the <HI>French</HI> will endeavour to ob&s;truct as much as po&s;&s;ibly they can.</P>
<P>If we &s;hould judge of things according to the intere&s;t of the Court of <HI>Rome,</HI> and Pope <HI>Alexander</HI>'s inclination, we need not doubt but the <HI>Spanyards</HI> po&s;&s;e&s;s the affection of his Holine&s;s more than any other. The intere&s;t of the Court of <HI>Rome</HI> con&s;i&s;ts in this, that for the mo&s;t part, the mony wherewith it is glutted above all the other Cities in <HI>Italy,</HI> comes in greate&s;t abundance from the States of the Catholique King, where the Eccle&s;ia&s;tical Tri|bunal is held in Sovereign veneration, all the States of that Monarchy having their recour&s;e thi|ther, to the great profit of the Officers, who have a &s;hare in the Fir&s;t-fruits and many other things, according to their Quality, and their Offices. And as for the Pope's inclination, provided he otherwi&s;e have a general zeal for the good of Chri&s;tendom, and the propagation of the Faith, and that he re|main &s;tedfa&s;t in the&s;e two things, as I believe he doth, I think he may and ought to have a more
<PB N="90" REF="55"> particular affection for that Nation, who&s;e Maxim it is, Not to admit of any other Religion in their Dominions but the <HI>Roman Catholique,</HI> and employ|ing all the power they have to advance it: But in truth, things are not carri'd thus, for whether the Court of <HI>Rome</HI> believes that all the <HI>Spanyards</HI> do in pretence of Religion is rather out of &s;elf-intere&s;t, or whether this Court is per&s;waded they ought ab|&s;olutely to rule over tho&s;e that will never fall foul on her, how great &s;oever the inconveniencies are they lie under, it is ever ob&s;erv'd in all the diffe|rences ari&s;ing betwixt <HI>Rome</HI> and <HI>Spain,</HI> that after a great and long conte&s;t, the Agreement is mo&s;t com|monly made to the Popes content, and the diminu|tion of &s;omewhat of the Catholique King's pre|tences; and when bu&s;ine&s;&s;es have thus hapned to the di&s;advantage of that Monarchy, other Princes have al&s;o received a notable prejudice thereby: for when the Pope or his Mini&s;ters have once car|ri'd &s;o high a hand over the <HI>Spanyard</HI> as to make him yield, they pre&s;ently make u&s;e of the opportunity to quell or confound tho&s;e that would do otherwi&s;e, or at lea&s;t to induce them not to refu&s;e that, to which &s;o great a Monarchy as <HI>Spain</HI> hath acquie&s;c'd. This &s;tratagem may be effectual when they treat with inferior Princes, who are not able upon every conte&s;t they have with <HI>Rome</HI> to take Arms: but both the Pope and his Mini&s;ters decline all the&s;e ways, when they have to deal with the <HI>French,</HI> who, when the Clergy pre&s;s'd them, by this example of the <HI>Spanyards,</HI> to conde&s;cend to things which were pre|judicial to them, &s;oon gave them an an&s;wer which &s;topped their mouthes: Nay my &s;elf being once earne&s;tly &s;ollicited to pre&s;s your Lord&s;hips for a
<PB N="91" REF="55"> revocation of the Ordinance, which prohibits the Clergy from purcha&s;ing any immovables, upon an example alleaged of the practi&s;e of <HI>Spai<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">,</HI> and the other Territories of his Catholique Maje&s;ty, did give for an&s;wer, That the rea&s;ons which oblig'd that great and va&s;t Monarchy to &s;uffer it, were not current here, becau&s;e this Republique being but a petty or little State, and the Clergy extraordinarily encrea&s;ed in wealth, if they were &s;uffered &s;till to purcha&s;e and never to alienate, our po&s;terity could expect no other than to be one day driven out of this <NOTE N="*" PLACE="marg">Venice <HI>is built on a Mar&s;h.</HI></NOTE> Mar&s;h, and and perhaps out of all her Terri|tories on the firm Land. And to this are all tho&s;e Principalities reduc'd, who, not content with that &s;ubjection they owe the Church of <HI>Rome,</HI> as the Univer&s;al Mother of Chri&s;tians, have &s;ubmitted to, and followed the Pope's de&s;ires in things indifferent: not that they do at once de|mand &s;everal things of difficulty, but &s;ometimes one thing and then another, and thus by little and little they gain &s;o much as doth both dimini&s;h and limit the Temporal Power: and &s;o when Princes &s;hall think them&s;elves Ma&s;ters, they will find their Au|thority &s;o eclips'd and manacl'd, that they will be a&s;toni&s;h'd to &s;ee another ma&s;ter them at their own homes. Tho&s;e who are acquainted with their ex|tortions at <HI>Naples,</HI> and perhaps in all the other Dominions of <HI>Spain,</HI> of the Officers of the <HI>Roman</HI> Trea&s;ury, as well in matters of <NOTE N="*" PLACE="marg">A certain Fee levi'd by the Eccle&s;ia&s;tical Cham|ber at the death of a Clergy-man that hath no power to make a Will.</NOTE> De&s;poiling, as in
<PB N="92" REF="56"> the gathering up of what is rai&s;ed for the Fabrick of St. <HI>Peter,</HI> which they al&s;o impo&s;e on meer Laicks, cannot but admire, that the Mini&s;ters of <HI>Spain</HI> &s;hould be &s;o drou&s;ie, as not to ob&s;erve with what Empire void of all di&s;cretion, and with what in&s;olency they treat the Per&s;ons and Goods of their Subjects Let your mo&s;t serene Signory, therefore, give thanks to the Divine Bounty, that hath pre&s;erved her from the&s;e confu&s;ions, and given her the pur|dence and courage to defend both her &s;elf and Sub|jects from the violence of &s;uch Strangers, confirm|ing her ever in the antient and true Faith; but al&s;o giving her at the &s;ame time the judgment to di&s;cern what is due to <HI>Cae&s;ar,</HI> and what to God. It is cer|tain, that if the <HI>Spaniards</HI> &s;till keep their eyes as clo&s;e &s;hut as they have hitherto done, they cannot expect &s;o great a Tempe&s;t from any other part as from the Court of <HI>Rome,</HI> when upon any acci|dent there &s;hall ari&s;e di&s;&s;ention among&s;t them, be|cau&s;e tho&s;e people that are Subjects to the <HI>Au&s;tria<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"></HI> Family being hugely po&s;&s;e&s;&s;ed with Religion, and fully per&s;waded, that the Sanctuary of <HI>Rome</HI> is that alone which can either be&s;tow or deprive them of Eternal Salvation, if in the commencement of a rupture the Popes &s;hould proceed to Excommuni|cation, or a Revocation of Indulgences which they have liberally allowed the Catholique Kings, it is beyond all doubt that a general combu&s;tion would follow thereupon, which might occa&s;ion the revolt of all the Subjects of that great Empire, and &s;o the forfeir of the peace and &s;ecurity of the <HI>Spanyards</HI> would flow from his too great obedience, wherein they imagine their chief &s;trength and power does con&s;i&s;t. But perhaps likewi&s;e the good
<PB N="93" REF="56"> Genious of tho&s;e Kingdomes will &s;ugge&s;t &s;uch means as may prevent the&s;e inconveniencies, and (the pre&s;ent Age not having been happy in that Monarchy, by rea&s;on of the few virtuous Men that have been her late Souvereigns) fu|ture Ages may produce more excellent ones, and compen&s;e her pa&s;t di&s;orders, by preventing tho&s;e which might happen probably to her hereafter. In effect, if with attention we con&s;ider the pre&s;ent po&s;ture of things in the world, it greatly con|cerns Chri&s;tendome to have a Potent Prince, who in &s;uch dangers, whereinto the power of the <HI>Turks</HI> may in an in&s;tant and unprovided ca&s;t her, might &s;uddenly make head again&s;t them without making of Leagues and expecting Foreign aid, which cannot be compe&s;&s;ed but by length of time, and is a great retardment. And if Chri|&s;tendome had had in this pre&s;ent juncture of things a powerful Prince to have thus &s;uccour'd her, per|haps your mo&s;t Serene Signory had not been re|duc'd to the condition &s;he is now in: And, not|with&s;tanding, on her &s;ecurity depends all what the Monarchy of <HI>Spain</HI> po&s;&s;e&s;&s;es in <HI>Italy.</HI> But to re|turn to what I &s;aid, Pope <HI>Alexander</HI> is not igno|rant of all tho&s;e rea&s;ons he hath to make him love <HI>Spain</HI> and her King; and does often tell this to the Mini&s;ters of other Princes; but in &s;uch a manner however, as if it &s;eemed that the benefits which the Court of <HI>Rome</HI> receiveth from the <HI>Span|yards</HI> were not &s;o con&s;iderable, as to hinder the Pope from denying them from time to time tho&s;e favours which they crave of him, as having au|thority not to grant all to tho&s;e Children he mo&s;t tenders what they &s;hall de&s;ire, but onely that
<PB N="94" REF="57"> which will be for their greate&s;t good, and highe&s;t, &s;piritual, advantage. His Holine&s;s hath made complaint, for that the <HI>Spani&s;h</HI> Mini&s;ters have been too re&s;erved and &s;ecret towards him, i<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> not communicating to him the Treaty of Peace, pretending that having ever believed the Pro|po&s;itions on their part were more plau&s;ible than tho&s;e which were &s;haped in <HI>Mazarin</HI>'s Clo&s;et, they did him wrong in ob&s;erving &s;o rigorou&s;ly that Seal of Secre&s;ie which <HI>Mazarin</HI> had im|po&s;ed on them: And although they endeavour all they can to calm his di&s;contented thoughts there|upon, urging that it was conceal'd in the &s;ame manner from the Emperour; and even from the Republique, which had been &s;o long time employ'd about the Treaty. He is not, how|ever, &s;atisfi'd with this excu&s;e, but replies, <HI>That they ought to make a difference between Se|cular Princes and a Pope, who aimed at no other thing but to find out the means to give that con|tent to all Chri&s;tendom, and not have left that ho|nour to a man who had &s;tudi'd all the devices ima|ginable to ob&s;truct &s;o great a happine&s;s.</HI> After all this, I conclude, that the Pope hath ju&s;t rea&s;on to love the <HI>Spanyards,</HI> not &s;o much becau&s;e they contributed to his Exaltation, as becau&s;e th<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters"> Arms have put a &s;top to the fury of Heretiques, and their Country brings in the Riches and opu|lency to the Court of <HI>Rome;</HI> and I believe he doth truly love them, but having found that his Predece&s;&s;ors had taken the way to have mo&s;t commonly &s;ome conte&s;ts with the Catholique Court, he will not &s;werve from it, e&s;teeming the&s;e di&s;putes do in &s;ome re&s;pects encrea&s;e the
<PB N="95" REF="57"> reputation of the Court of <HI>Rome,</HI> and from thence hath a fair opportunity to gain an e&s;teem of other Princes; not declining my for|mer Propo&s;ition, That the more the <HI>Spanyards</HI> conde&s;cend to the Pope's will, the more will they prejudice them&s;elves, and the Obliga|tions they do acknowledge to be due from them to the Apo&s;tolique Sear, may one day produce mo&s;t dangerous effects, unle&s;s they fore-arm them&s;elves by &s;uch precautious means, as they &s;hall judge mo&s;t proper again&s;t the preten&s;ions of the Eccle&s;ia&s;tiques, thereby to put their Monarchy in a better po&s;ture of &s;e|curity.</P>
<P>The King of <HI>Poland</HI> &s;ub&s;i&s;ts becau&s;e God hath a&s;&s;i&s;ted him: For otherwi&s;e, had he reli'd on tho&s;e hopes the Court of <HI>Rome</HI> had given him to &s;upply him with Money, his enemies had triumph'd over him, and the total lo&s;s of that Kingdom would have been &s;uch a leading to other Provinces, as might have wrought the manife&s;t danger of e&s;tabli&s;hing a Power in tho&s;e parts which would have be|come formidable to all <HI>Europe.</HI> God be prai&s;ed that we are &s;o happy as to &s;ee every one return|ing to his own home again, his neighbouring Princes beginning to &s;tickle in that War, as they ought to do; whereas nothing to purpo&s;e could have been expected from them, had the pre&s;&s;ing affairs of Chri&s;tendom &s;ummoned them to the defence of their own States. The Pope talks loudly of the good Offices he did for the Religion and Countries of the Catholique
<PB N="96" REF="58"> Princes at that juncture. But the <HI>Polonians</HI> and <HI>Imperiali&s;ts</HI> &s;peak otherwi&s;e; they profe&s;s, that at the heighth of all the War they found no great benefit in the exhortations of his Ho|line&s;s, which &s;erved for nothing el&s;e but onely to per&s;wade their Enemies they had not &s;o little amity for them, but that they would &s;end them &s;uccour from <HI>Rome.</HI> And it was this noi&s;e and nothing el&s;e that made it believed, the Catho|lique Forces were &s;o much greater than indeed they were. In the mean time, King <HI>Ca&s;imir,</HI> a good Souldier and good Catholique, finding at pre&s;ent his lo&s;&s;es are nothing &s;o great, as he had cau&s;e to fear they would prove, gives the Pope thanks for what he hath done, and to plea&s;e him the more tells him, <HI>That the very words of his Holine&s;s were not ineffectual for his a&s;&s;i&s;tance.</HI></P>
<P>The Duke of <HI>Savoy</HI> hath had no Mini&s;ter at <HI>Rome</HI> &s;ince &s;ome di&s;content given him in Pope <HI>Innocent</HI>'s time: and, indeed, con&s;idering the little bu&s;ine&s;<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> he hath there, he needs not entertain any. The pre&s;ent Pope, who &s;eeks by all means and ways to add lu&s;tre and glory to that Court, which he thinks does con&s;i&s;t much in the number of &s;uch Mini&s;ters as re|&s;ide there on the behalf of other Princes, hath declared, that he &s;hould be much plea&s;ed to have an Amba&s;&s;adour from that Duke, as from a Prince to whom the Church is much ob|lig'd: This he made known obliquely to <HI>Ma|dam</HI> and the <HI>Duke</HI> her Son, who found it fit|ting to content his Holine&s;s herein, who would
<PB N="97" REF="58"> be willing likewi&s;e to add lu&s;tre to that Fa|mily, were there any of them at pre&s;ent wor|thy of the Purple, to lay the furer foundation for the po&s;terity of the <HI>Chigi,</HI> upon which a certain Marquis, <HI>de la Mojette,</HI> a very com|plete Cavalier, pre&s;enting him&s;elf at <HI>Rome</HI> in quality of Amba&s;&s;ador, the Pope expre&s;s'd a great deal of &s;atisfaction thereupon.</P>
<P>The name of the Grand Duke of <HI>To&s;cany</HI> is agreeable to the whole Court, the Pope e&s;teems him, and in the Con&s;i&s;tory hath more than once &s;poken of his Highne&s;s with a great deal of honour, perhaps becau&s;e being born his Subject, and the mo&s;t part of his kindred being within his juri&s;diction, he believes, that as well out of the re&s;pect to his birth, as from the con&s;ideration of what may happen, he ought to have all that e&s;teem for him which he is worthy of. In which this Pope is more prai&s;e-worthy than the three Popes his pre|dece&s;&s;ors, which were <HI>Clement</HI> VIII, <HI>Pa<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters"></HI> V, and <HI>Urban</HI> the VIII, who although they were born in <HI>To&s;cany,</HI> did &s;o utterly forget what they owed to their Country, and tho&s;e who were the Princes of it, that they could not be excu&s;ed of ingratitude; but becau&s;e it is the natural vice of Prie&s;ts, few men reflect upon it; and neverthele&s;s this is the cau&s;e that Princes them&s;elves do not know whether they ought to be glad that one of their Sub|jects is advanced to the Sovereign Eccle&s;ia&s;ti|cal Dignity.</P>
<PB N="98" REF="59">
<P>The&s;e two Princes for &s;ome other kind of intere&s;ts receive not that &s;atisfaction which they ought to have, he that commands at <HI>Rome</HI> never failing to cla&s;h &s;ometimes with one of them, and &s;ometimes the other Prince, and that perhaps to &s;hew they are treated alike, and &s;o the one hath no more cau&s;e to ap|plaud the Government than the other. But for all this they negotiate confidently, and as both have the repute of being prudent, they communicate and con&s;ult together when tho&s;e two Courts have any thing of difference, which doth not a little &s;erve to pre&s;erve and maintain their amity.</P>
<P>Although the <HI>Genoe&s;e,</HI> after they had been &s;ome time without a Mini&s;ter at <HI>Rome,</HI> becau&s;e in this Pope's time they had been, as it were, excluded from their pretences, have of late &s;ent one thither with &s;ome hopes of being bet|ter heard for the future: yet I can hardly be|lieve the Pope will inovate any thing in their favour, for fear of cau&s;ing &s;ome di&s;turbance among&s;t the other Princes, who not thinking them&s;elves inferiour, would not &s;uffer them to enjoy greater Prerogatives than them&s;elves. Every one &s;aid at <HI>Rome,</HI> that this Republique de&s;iring more grandeur than &s;he already hath, would &s;uddenly disbur&s;e &s;ome great &s;um to obtain it, which might thereupon be granted, by covering the Contract they might make by &s;ome &s;pecious pretence. All this may be; but the faire&s;t and the hone&s;te&s;t way, in my opi|nion,
<PB N="99" REF="59"> would be to engage them to &s;uccour this Republique with their Squadions, provided they did not require a greater acknowledgment for this than were due.</P>
<P>The Duke of <HI>Parma,</HI> after the fair words they have given him, finds they do in effect deny the &s;atisfaction due to his ju&s;t de&s;ires, which tend to furni&s;h him wherewith to re|deem his E&s;tate of <HI>Ca&s;tro</HI> again. I did not omit, having your Lord&s;hips Orders, to ac|quit my &s;elf of tho&s;e devoirs to which I was oblig'd, both by the ju&s;tice of his cau&s;e, and your commands. But after they had turned me every way with ambiguous words, I found that &s;omewhat more effectual was required to bring it to pa&s;s. It cannot be deni'd in truth, but they do very much wrong this Duke, for though in the Apo&s;tolique Chamber they have made an Act which adjudges this E&s;tate forfeit, if he redeem it not within a certain prefixed time, yet this Pope, of a milder and more temperate humour than <HI>Innocent</HI> was, ought rather to follow the rules of Equity than the rigour of the Law, by con&s;idering, that this E&s;tate is worth two thirds more than what it is engaged for, and that it could not happen in a wor&s;er time for him to do it, than &s;ince the Contract was made, all <HI>Lombardy</HI> having been in Arms, and he moreover nece&s;&s;itated to &s;ecure that E&s;tate at his own charges, al|though it were a Feof belonging to the Church, which hath been a very great expence to him.
<PB N="100" REF="60"> But when one treats with tho&s;e of the Apo|&s;tolique Chamber of any thing that concerns their intere&s;t, one can neither be heard, nor ever get any thing from them upon the ac|count of rea&s;on. It is is therefore the inte|re&s;t of all Crowns, having con&s;ider'd the <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">|nour of the clau&s;es of this Contract, to find out &s;ome way to relieve the Duke of this enor|mous g<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ievance; and this would be be&s;t done by the <HI>Spanyards,</HI> to take away all tho&s;e &s;eeds of di&s;cord from <HI>Italy,</HI> which might ari&s;e from the like di&s;contents: which &s;hould it happen, the <HI>panyards</HI> would receive the greate&s;t pre|judice thereby, as having mo&s;t to loo&s;e. But one good word from the Pope makes them pa&s;s by any thing, and keeps them from doing or &s;aying ought that may di&s;plea&s;e him in the lea&s;t: and I perceive already, that the new Amba&s;&s;adour from <HI>Spain, D. Lewis Ponze de Leon,</HI> is come with a de&s;ign not to negotiate any thing but what &s;hall plea&s;e the Pope; and for this rea&s;on will permit the Duke to owe the whole obligation of this bu&s;ine&s;s to Strangers, who afterwards, and that with rea&s;on, &s;hall be recompen&s;ed for it upon oc|ca&s;ion.</P>
<P>This which I have &s;aid of the Duke of <HI>Parma</HI> may be appli'd likewi&s;e to the Duke of <HI>Mrlena,</HI> who alleges the greate&s;t rea&s;ons in the world upon the Subject of <HI>Comacchio<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"></HI> and what is annexed to it. This proce&s;s hath been depending before the Court Tribunals
<PB N="101" REF="60"> above &s;ixty years, and yet they cannot obtain a Sentence that the demands of the Hou&s;e of <HI>E&s;te</HI> are unju&s;t, although the greate&s;t Lawyers of our times have u&s;ed all their Art to find out &s;ome plea that might make them let fall their pretences, or at lea&s;t weaken and invalidate them, and &s;upport the Chamber's claim. All that the Coun&s;ellors could do, who never want eva&s;ions to &s;pin out a bu&s;ine&s;s, hath been to prolong this &s;ame. And it hath hapned &s;everal times, when they were brought to terms of concluding it by &s;ome fair compo&s;ition, at the very nick of time when they were ju&s;t ending, they have &s;tarted &s;ome new exceptions to un<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">avel it again, in&s;omuch that this Suit hath la&s;ted al|ready, as I &s;aid, above three&s;core years. But it were convenient, that at this time when the flames of an univer&s;al War are extingui&s;hed, the&s;e &s;parks, which might perhaps bring all into a combu|&s;tion again, &s;hould be put out likewi&s;e: and it were rea&s;onable too, tho&s;e Crowns &s;hould em|ploy their authority and power to make them leave of that ba&s;e and vile avarice which is di&s;|plea&s;ing to the whole world. But unle&s;s they go about it roundly, and &s;peak to the purpo&s;e in expre&s;s terms, laying a&s;ide all civility, it will be difficult to bring this about, the affairs of the Chamber of <HI>Rome</HI> being a Gulf that &s;wallo vs all one hath, and whence nothing can be re|deemed no more than from Hell.</P>
<P>The Duke of <HI>Mantoua</HI> is held in &s;ome con&s;i|deration at <HI>Rome</HI> by rea&s;on of the E&s;tate <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 word">
<PB N="102" REF="61"> po&s;&s;e&s;&s;es, which &s;hould oblige all <HI>Italians</HI> to wi&s;h him pro&s;perity, as the Pope doth, who does herein agree with the other Princes of <HI>Italy.</HI> But otherwi&s;e he cares little for this Court, by rea&s;on of the little bu&s;ine&s;&s;es he hath there. Nor does the Court on their &s;ide make any great reflexion on-his per&s;on. They con|&s;ider or look upon him as a Prince, who cannot do better than to follow the &s;tream with others, that is to &s;ay, accommodate him&s;elf to the Gu&s;to of tho&s;e who are mo&s;t pui&s;&s;ant in <HI>Italy,</HI> and particularly your Signory: for in keeping clo&s;e and well to hor, he does at the &s;ame time do well both for him&s;elf and the general good.</P>
<P>We are now come to the la&s;t, but mo&s;t im|portant Chapter of this Relation, in which I am to di&s;cover, both what is in the Pope's mind concerning the intere&s;ts of your mo&s;t Seren: Republique, and what good may be hoped for from him, or what hurt may be feared, if it &s;hould plea&s;e God to allow him a longer life than his con&s;titution &s;eems to promi&s;e. And if from the Confident and familiar conver&s;a|tion of a great Prince with the Mini&s;ter or another, one may make a certain judgment of his intentions, I cannot believe any other but that your Signory may hope much from him, not things of that im<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ortance or quality that you have ju&s;t need of, but at lea&s;t &s;uch things as may &s;uffice to maintain a peaceable co|re&s;pondence, and beget mutual Offices of Ami<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">y, &s;till accompani'd with the beauty de|&s;ires
<PB N="103" REF="61"> of beholding each others pro&s;perity; For, in truth, I cannot &s;ay but his Holine&s;s treated with me with all kind of civility and good will; and as for tho&s;e things which be judged blamable, as &s;uch actions, as having been per|haps mi&s;reported, he thought worthy of cen|&s;ure; he hath ever done it with &s;o much mo|de&s;ty and circum&s;pection, that I fear I &s;hould erre &s;hould I think otherwi&s;e: becau&s;e his Ho|line&s;s hath ever &s;poken of your &s;age Govern|ment in fair terms, having declared it was guided and admini&s;tred with much Ju|&s;tice and Hone&s;ty. Yet I took notice that he every day made &s;ome &s;teps towards the de&s;ign he had to oppo&s;e your Lord&s;hip's wills; and though he never changed his tone of &s;peech in treating with me, yet it was ea&s;ie to &s;ee that he had given place to &s;ome &s;ini&s;ter im|pre&s;&s;ions, which abated the good opinion he was wont to have naturally for this State. His fir&s;t words were upon my repre&s;enting to him the great and pre&s;&s;ing nece&s;&s;ities your Repub|lique underwent by the expences of the War; That your mo&s;t Serene Lord&s;hips would not accept of tho&s;e Propo&s;itions that might in part have ea&s;ed you, as that in &s;u&s;pending &s;ome u&s;ele&s;s Religious Orders, which being once ef|fected had much dimini&s;hed the Publique charge, there being yet a new way to bring about this benefit, if the Republique would but &s;uffer the Eccle&s;ia&s;tique Order by little and little to repair the lo&s;&s;es they now &s;u&s;tained by the alienation of their <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">lates, which might be
<PB N="104" REF="62"> done by revoking the Ordinance which forbad that Order to purcha&s;e any: upon which I &s;hall not de&s;eant any more, having written &s;o much already thereof, that your mo&s;t Serene Lord&s;hips have ju&s;t cau&s;e to be tired: But whatever I could &s;ay, it was impo&s;&s;ible for me to per&s;wade him, but that this Ordinance would produce the bad effects he imagin'd. Sometimes he would take occa&s;ion to complain, that there were &s;uch di&s;putes and practi&s;es be|tween the chief Commanders of the Army, that it hindred the Republique from being well &s;erved, and that the moneys were not well admini&s;tred, for that tho&s;e that manag'd it made &s;o much profit them&s;elves, that it much damnifi'd the Publique, and that the &s;ame Commanders le&s;s careful of doing their duty than of making advantage, by way of Trade, of tho&s;e Commodities they tran&s;ported to the <HI>Levant,</HI> were the cau&s;e that the Publique, which required the entire application of her Commanders, received a great prejudice there|by. All which things without doubt proceeded from the Mouth or Pen of the Prior <HI>Bichi,</HI> who to hide or cloke his own defects, expo&s;ed tho&s;e of others. From thence the Pope took occa&s;ion to complain, that the Republique in her ne|ce&s;&s;ities made her addre&s;s to none but the Apo|&s;tolique Chair, and he for his part had no greater care than to furni&s;h them with a&s;&s;i&s;tance, and that if every Prince, according to the proportion of his power, would but do as much as the Court of <HI>Rome,</HI> your Republique would be &s;uffi|ciently
<PB N="105" REF="62"> provided both for the Defen&s;ive and the Offen&s;ive: and hereupon he began to make a long enumeration of tho&s;e Charges the Apo&s;to|lique Chamber was &s;ubject to, and in this di&s;|cour&s;e, which was full of equivocations, as I &s;ent word to your mo&s;t Serene Lord&s;hips, he was larger than enough to tire any one. He &s;aid moreover, that at pre&s;ent the Peace was made between the two Crowns, and if they could formerly find out Trea&s;ure enough for a War whereby to ruine one another, they might bet|ter do it to a&s;&s;i&s;t this Republique, which was become the Frontier of all Chri&s;tendom again&s;t the <HI>Turks:</HI> That your Signory ought to have a great and particular confidence in the <HI>French,</HI> &s;eeing the partiality &s;he had &s;hewed for them, when &s;he gave them all the &s;atisfaction they de&s;ired, tacitly alluding to what I related that hapned about the Amba&s;&s;ador's Rochet. And thus we onely lo&s;t time in the&s;e di&s;cour&s;es at the la&s;t Audience, with little benefit to the Pub|lique: but it hath now been certainly made known to me, that if the Pope hath been hither|to flow in performing that devoir, more incum|bent upon him than any other what&s;oever, he will be yet flower hereafter, &s;ince he believes he hath gone farther than any other in his obli|gations of oppo&s;ing the common Enemy. This is that which makes him unwilling to hear of the &s;ending an Extraordinary Amba&s;&s;ador to <HI>Rome,</HI> imagining he would go with the de|&s;ign al&s;o of obtaining &s;ome extraordinary &s;uc|com: which, to &s;ay truth, I &s;ee the Pope very
<PB N="106" REF="63"> little inclined to grant, not to &s;ay, ob&s;tinately re&s;olved to refu&s;e it, becau&s;e, indeed, there is no mony. If they think he will erect any Banques to get it for them, I do not believe it; for be|&s;ides, his Holine&s;s plea&s;es him&s;elf in expending what ari&s;es from the few there are in &s;uch things wherein he takes a great delight, as in Build|ings, and adorning of Churches, together with all accommodations for his Dwelling-hou&s;e: and if he &s;hould di&s;po&s;e him&s;elf to do &s;omewhat more than ordinary, I do not think he would u&s;e any other liberality but what co&s;ts him nought, which is an increa&s;e of the Impo&s;itions of the Clergy of this State, which is known to be already &s;o bare, that it hath nothing left but the bones: and that is ju&s;t a helping of us with our own proper goods, although it be not de&s;ired that we &s;hould &s;ay &s;o at <HI>Rome;</HI> for they would have us believe, that whatever belongs to the Prie&s;ts in what Country &s;oever, apper|tains to them. When the time of my depar|ture approached, I found the Pope &s;omewhat more mild. He gave thanks to God again for the Conclu&s;ion of the Peace, and te&s;tifi'd, that he had a better opinion of the affairs in the <HI>Levant</HI> for the future, alleaging the rea&s;on which I have noted, which was, that his heart told him, that your Republique would never lay down their Arms till they had defeated the <HI>Turks,</HI> and obtained &s;ome &s;ignal Victory over them. I gue&s;s, that he &s;aid this to me, onely to encourage your Lord&s;hips, that &s;o they might refu&s;e any kind of Treaty that might be pre|judical
<PB N="107" REF="63"> judicial to Chri&s;tendom; or perhaps he pro|pounded &s;ome League to him&s;elf, either with the Imperial Court, or that of <HI>Poland:</HI> I can|not aver this, but I incline to believe the fir&s;t rather, becau&s;e the Pope would hardly find any Princes in tho&s;e parts that would con|fide in his promi&s;es; nor would they en|gage them&s;elves in any enterprize without a &s;um in hand, that might a&s;&s;ure them not to be de&s;erted, when they were once enter'd up|on it. At my departure, after he had &s;tood much upon my prai&s;es, wherein I had rather he would have been more &s;paring, provided he had &s;hewed him&s;elf more liberal in his favours towards your mo&s;t Serene Republique, he en|joyned me to remember, to repre&s;ent the&s;e four things to you: The fir&s;t, That you &s;hould en|deavour to &s;uppre&s;s, or take up tho&s;e diffe|rences at the Tribunal of the Inqui&s;ition at <HI>Padua,</HI> which are &s;till in conte&s;t, to the great &s;candal of all tho&s;e that hear of that matter: His Holine&s;s told it me ju&s;t &s;o, without any reflexion on it. But when your Signory re&s;olves to meddle with tho&s;e intere&s;ts, there mu&s;t be &s;ome important rea&s;on that &s;hall induce you thereto. This order was very unplea&s;ing to me, becau&s;e it concerns a matter nor &s;uiting at all with my genious, and about which much noi&s;e hath been made.</P>
<P>The &s;econd, That the &s;ecurity of the Navi|gation in the <HI>Adriatique</HI> Sea &s;hould be more Carefully look'd after, for he complained, that there was no Trade in the port of <HI>Ancona,</HI> the
<PB N="108" REF="64"> Merchants not being &s;ecure in their pa&s;&s;age with their goods, by rea&s;on of the Repri&s;als tho&s;e Pirats of <HI>Dulcigno</HI> do make, their robberies, allarming the whole Coa&s;ts of the <HI>Marca<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"></HI> He added, that if during the continuance of the War with the <HI>Turk,</HI> your Signory would &s;uffer them to keep two Gallies in the Port of <HI>Ancona,</HI> it &s;hould be done as &s;oon as the Squa|dron returned from the <HI>Levant.</HI></P>
<P>The third, That it would plea&s;e your Lord|&s;hips to forbear interpo&s;ing their judgments in matters Eccle&s;ia&s;tical, as they do from time to time, which offends and infringes the Eccle&s;i|a&s;tical Juri&s;diction, and makes them run them|&s;elves imprudently into cen&s;orious inferences, not minding the di&s;graces hapning daily there|upon: He pre&s;&s;ed me much to oblige you likewi&s;e to moderate &s;ome of your Ordinances.</P>
<P>The fourth, that your Signory would fa|vour the Father Je&s;uits with their protection in tho&s;e occurrences that may happen, be|cau&s;e the &s;eeds of that hatred conceived again&s;t them, remaining yet in the hearts of &s;ome that do not well know them, it may be ea&s;ie, but it would prove no act of genero&s;ity, &s;aid the Pope to me, to lay &s;ome ambu&s;h by ca|lumny or impo&s;tures again&s;t them, which are to be look'd upon with an indifferent eye, and being found out &s;hould be repul&s;ed. I pro|mi&s;ed to ob&s;erve punctually what his Holine&s;s had commanded me, and to repre&s;ent what he de&s;ired to your Lord&s;hips. You may be plea&s;ed
<PB N="109" REF="64"> to &s;ee and con&s;ider wherein you can favour his Holine&s;s, having &s;o great judgment as cannot erre; which concluded his la&s;t Audience, adding thereto his Paternal Benediction which he be|&s;towed upon your Lord&s;hips and my &s;elf, with his be&s;t wi&s;hes, and a pre&s;age of victories and perpetual pro&s;perities.</P>
</DIV2>
<TRAILER>FINIS.</TRAILER>
</DIV1>
</BODY>
</TEXT>
<TEXT LANG="eng">
<FRONT>
<DIV1 TYPE="imprimatur">
<PB REF="65">
<P>Imprimatur</P>
<CLOSER><DATELINE><DATE>Novem. 9. 1663.</DATE></DATELINE>
<SIGNED>Roger L' E&s;trange.</SIGNED></CLOSER>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 TYPE="title page">
<PB REF="65">
<P>A New Relation OF ROME.</P>
<P>As to the Government of the City; The Noble Families thereof; The Revenue and Expences of the Pope; The Courts of Ju&s;tice; The Of|fices; The Congregations of Cardinals, and other Par|ticulars very Curious.</P>
<P>Taken out of one of the Choi|ce&s;t Cabinets of <HI>Rome;</HI> and Eng|li&s;h'd by <HI>Gio. Torriano,</HI> an <HI>Italian,</HI> and Profe&s;&s;or of the <HI>Italian</HI> Tongue.</P>
<P><HI>London,</HI> Printed by <HI>T. Mabb,</HI> for <HI>John Starkey</HI> at the <HI>Mitre</HI> between the middle Temple-gate and Tem|ple-Bar, in <HI>Fleet-&s;treet,</HI> 1664.</P>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 TYPE="dedication">
<PB REF="66" MS="y">
<PB REF="66">
<HEAD>TO THE Truly AFFECTIONATE, UNTO THE <HI>Italian NATION,</HI> AND <HI>LANGUAGE.</HI></HEAD>
<P>I Have made it my bu|&s;ine&s;s ever &s;ince his Maje&s;ties mo&s;t ble&s;|&s;ed and Glorious Re|&s;tauration,
<PB REF="67"> to range our Proverbs, Proverbiall Metaphors and Drol|ling Similies into a facile and ready Method for pre&s;ent &s;earch and per|u&s;al, when occa&s;ion &s;hould &s;erve, beyond any Me|thod yet extant. And accordingly to get the work into the Pre&s;&s;e, I began by way of <HI>Sub|&s;criptions,</HI> a Method Practi&s;ed by &s;everal of my Betters, in Books of
<PB REF="67"> great Bulk, Labour and Co&s;t; But before I had gotten together thirty pound, which is not the tenth part of the charge, (though I met with no re|pul&s;es,) in regard it took up mo&s;t of my time; I declined that Way, and undertook (&s;ince Engaged) to Print it forthwith, upon my own account, for it was im|po&s;sible for me to con|dition with any Stationer, the whole Copy not be|ing
<PB REF="68"> ready to be &s;hown, (as yet there being but three parts of four done) and al&s;o by rea|&s;on of &s;ickne&s;s, or morta|lity, uncertain to fini&s;h it; This &s;mall Peice &s;ince, nay very lately coming to my Hands, and being of <HI>Italian</HI> Concern, though not as to the Language, yet as to the Nation I thought it &s;ignificant to Tran&s;late it, that it might &s;erve as a Prepa|rative unto the other, for
<PB REF="68"> the better under&s;tanding of &s;everal Proverbiall Traditions that may con|cern <HI>Rome,</HI> or other parts of <HI>Italy.</HI> Such as have per&s;onally been tra|velled in <HI>Italy,</HI> &s;pecially <HI>Rome;</HI> I pre&s;ume mu&s;t needs be delighted in it, as being a help unto their Memorys in &s;everal par|ticulars and others upon &s;everal other accounts. I have kept <HI>Terra Ter|ra</HI> in the Tran&s;lation, &s;omething near the &s;hore
<PB REF="69"> of the Letter, becau&s;e being Narrative, it would not &s;o well admit of any jetting out into Para|phra&s;es, or other Flou|ri&s;hes. In Fine, the &s;ub|ject hath need of no Pa|tronage, being able to Buye up it &s;elfe as He|roick, but the Tran&s;lati|on may have need of your <NOTE PLACE="marg">Such as have alrea|dy &s;ub&s;cri|bed, when the book is fini&s;ht &s;hall have a pun|ctual return and who yet &s;hall &s;ub|&s;cribe be|fore the book be fi|ni&s;ht, the like.</NOTE> Pardon, for the meanne&s;s of it, and that I tru&s;t you will not Deny unto</P>
<CLOSER><SIGNED>Your Gio. Torriano.</SIGNED></CLOSER>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 TYPE="to the reader">
<PB REF="69">
<HEAD>The Authors ADVERTISEMENT <HI>To the Reader.</HI></HEAD>
<P>THis Relation contains the Government of the City of <HI>Rome.</HI> The Revenues both certain and un|certain of the Pope; The Names and Dignities of all the Hou&s;es and Families which have or pretend to Titles of Nobility; and wherein their E&s;tates con&s;i&s;t.</P>
<P>The State and De&s;cription of the Datery and Chancery.
<PB REF="70"> The Forme, Quality and Num|ber of Courts of Ju&s;tice; to|gether with their manner of admini&s;trating of Ju&s;tice. The Names, Value, and Revenue of all the Offices; as well &s;alable as not. A Di&s;cour&s;e of the Congregations of Cardinals.</P>
<P>The Qualities, Wages, and Salaries, of the &s;everal Officers of the Popes Hou&s;e; al&s;o the Ceremony which is ob&s;erved in the payment of Rents, Tri|butes and Homages due unto the Holy See, and other par|ticulars, very Curious.</P>
<P>The Reader may be plea&s;ed to take notice, that the &s;umms &s;pecified in the pre&s;ent Relati|on, are computed according to
<PB REF="70"> the currant Coyne of <HI>Rome, viz.</HI> By Crowns and Baiocco's. One Te&s;tone is worth three Julio's, and every Julio is worth ten Baiocco's, and by con&s;equence, one Crown is worth three Te&s;tons and ten Baiocco's.</P>
<P>So much hath been thought nece&s;&s;ary to be &s;pecified here for the &s;atisfaction of &s;uch as have not the knowledg of that Coyne.</P>
<P><HI>This may be ob&s;erved; that an</HI> Engli&s;h <HI>Crown and an</HI> Itali|an <HI>Crown is all one, An</HI> Engli&s;h <HI>&s;ixpence and a</HI> Julio <HI>all one.</HI></P>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 TYPE="publisher's advertisement">
<PB REF="71">
<HEAD>Books Printed for and &s;old by <HI>John Starkey</HI> at the <HI>Mi<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">re,</HI> betwixt the midle <HI>Temple Gate,</HI> and <HI>Temple-Bar</HI> in <HI>Fleet-&s;treet.</HI></HEAD>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD>Folio's.</HEAD>
<P>THe Voyages and Travels of the Duke of <HI>Hol<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">eins</HI> Amba&s;&s;adors in|to <HI>Mu&s;covy, Tartary,</HI> and <HI>Per&s;ia,</HI> begun in the year 1633. and fini&s;ht it 1639. con|taining a compleat Hy&s;tory of tho&s;e Countries; whereto are added the Tra|vels of <HI>John Albert de Mandel&s;lo</HI> from <HI>Per|&s;ia</HI> into the <HI>Ea&s;t Indies,</HI> begun in 1638. and fini&s;ht in 1640. the whole illu&s;trated with divers accurate Maps and Figures, and written by <HI>Adam Olearius</HI> Secretary to the Emba&s;&s;y.</P>
<P><HI>The world Surveyed,</HI> or the famous Voy|ages and Travels of <HI>Vincent de Blanc</HI> of <HI>Mar&s;eilles,</HI> into the <HI>Ea&s;t</HI> and <HI>We&s;t Indies, Per&s;ia, Peru, Fez, Morocco, Guinny,</HI> and through all <HI>Africa,</HI> and the Principal Provinces of <HI>Europe.</HI></P>
<P>A Practical and Polemical Commen|tary, or Expo&s;ition upon the third and fourth Chapters of the latter Epi|&s;tle of Saint <HI>Paul</HI> to <HI>Timothy,</HI> by <HI>Thoma Hall.</HI> B. D.</P>
<PB REF="71">
<P><HI>Brevia Judicialia,</HI> or an Exact Collecti|on or approved forme of all forms of all &s;orts of Judicial VVritts in the Com|mon-Bench, together with their re|turns, by <HI>Rich Brownlow.</HI></P>
<P><HI>The&s;aurus Erevium,</HI> or a Collection or approved forme of Original and Judi|cial VVritts in the Kings Bench, with their &s;pecial Directions, by <HI>J. C.</HI></P>
<P>Action upon the Ca&s;e for Slander, or a Methodical Collection of thou&s;ands of Ca&s;es in the Law, of what words are Actionable, and what not, by <HI>William Shepheard,</HI> E&s;q;</P>
<P><HI>Guillims</HI> Di&s;play of Heraldry.</P>
<P><HI>Blundels</HI> Treati&s;e of the Sybells.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD>Quarto's.</HEAD>
<P><HI>Law&s;ons</HI> Politica <HI>Sacra &amp; Civilis,</HI> or a model of Civil &amp; Eccle&s;ia&s;tical Govern|ment.</P>
<P>The Hi&s;tory of <HI>Gavelkind</HI> with the Ety|mology thereof, containing a vindica|tion of the Laws of <HI>England,</HI> together with a &s;hort Hi&s;tory of <HI>William</HI> the Con|queror, by <HI>Sylas Taylor.</HI></P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD>Octavo's.</HEAD>
<P>An Hi&s;torical and Geographical de|&s;cription of the great Country and River of the <HI>Amazones</HI> in <HI>America;</HI> with an ex|act
<PB REF="72"> Map thereof, Tran&s;lated out of <HI>French.</HI></P>
<P>The Shepherds <HI>Paradice,</HI> a Pa&s;toral, by <HI>Walter Mountague.</HI></P>
<P><HI>Aminta,</HI> the famous <HI>Italians</HI> Pa&s;toral, tran&s;lated into <HI>Engli&s;h.</HI></P>
<P><HI>Plowdens</HI> Queries, or a <HI>Moot-Book</HI> of choice Ca&s;es in the Common-Law, Eng|li&s;hed, methodized, and enlarged by, <HI>H. B.</HI></P>
<P>An Exact Abridgment of all the Sta|tutes in force and u&s;e, made in the 16^t^h. 17^t^h. and 18^t^h. of King <HI>Charls</HI> the fir&s;t, and in the 12^t^h, 13^t^h. and 14^t^h. of King <HI>Charls</HI> the &s;econd, <HI>viz.</HI> from the 4^t^h. of <HI>Jan.</HI> 1641/2. to the 18^t^h. of <HI>Febr.</HI> 1662/3. by <HI>William Hughes,</HI> E&s;q;.</P>
<P><HI>Finche</HI>'s Di&s;cour&s;e of the Law in four books. <HI>Engl.</HI></P>
<P><HI>Tho. Hall</HI> Apologia pro Mini&s;terio E|vangelico.</P>
<P>&mdash;Tran&s;lation of the &s;econd book of <HI>Ovids</HI> Metamorph.</P>
<P>&mdash;Treati&s;e again&s;t the Millenaries.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD>Twelves.</HEAD>
<P><HI>Tho. Hookers</HI> Mi&s;&s;ellanies in Divinity.</P>
</DIV2>
</DIV1>
</FRONT>
<BODY>
<DIV1 TYPE="discourse">
<PB N="1" REF="72">
<HEAD>A New RELATION OF ROME.</HEAD>
<P><HI>_ROME,</HI> Is Scituated twelve Miles from the <HI>Thu&s;can</HI> Sea, and thirty miles from the <HI>Ap|penin</HI> Mountain, on that &s;ide which extends it &s;elf into the <HI>Abruzzo,</HI> being ever covered with Snow, which &s;erv's for a Refre&s;hment unto the City all the Summer long.</P>
<P>It is wa&s;ht with the <HI>Tyber,</HI> a Famous River, but more famous in regard of the Imperial City, then for any Greatne&s;&s;e it hath; or any other
<PB N="2" REF="73"> con&s;iderable Property. It &s;prings at the foot of the <HI>Appenin</HI> on the <HI>Thu&s;can</HI> &s;ide, and very near unto the Sour&s;e of <HI>Arnus,</HI> in &s;o much that all Winter, the waters of tho&s;e two Rivers coming to &s;well, do joyne their Streams to a wa&s;t de|triment, not onely to the Neighbouring Coun|tryes, but al&s;o to the very Cities them&s;elves, <HI>Rome,</HI> and <HI>Pi&s;a.</HI></P>
<P>The <HI>Grand Duke, Ferdiaand,</HI> the fir&s;t of that Name, who was no wayes a Friend to Pope <HI>Clement</HI> the <HI>8th,</HI> that he might do him a di&s;plea|&s;ure, and benefit his own State; cau&s;ed to be built in the Plains of <HI>Arezzo</HI> where tho&s;e wa|ters joyn'd, certain Banks, with great Walls to &s;upport them, that &s;o they might run either into the <HI>Tib<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">r,</HI> or i<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">uo <HI>Araus,</HI> according as the con|veniency of <HI>Thu&s;cany</HI> might require. And by that means it, came to pa&s;s, that, tho&s;e Banks having been opened by the Dukes Order a little before Chri&s;tmas <HI>Anno Dom.</HI> 1599. on the night of that Fe&s;tival, in which punctually the Year of Jubilie was to begin, for the o<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ening of the which, Pope <HI>Clement</HI> was purpo&s;ely re|turn'd from <HI>Ferrara, Rome</HI> &s;uffered an Inunda|tion like unto a Deluge, which cau&s;ed the death of an infinite of Cattel in the Fields, and d<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">o<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">nded abundance of People in the City, for|a&s;much as that Flood came &s;o on the &s;udden, that it was very difficult for any to e&s;cape.</P>
<P><HI>Clement</HI> the <HI>8th,</HI> had not time to revenge him|&s;elf of that inj<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ry; but <HI>Paul</HI> the <HI>5th</HI> who &s;uc|ceeded him after having &s;ent unto him; (though in vain) &s;everal Prelates, at la&s;t he &s;ent <HI>Ma<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">|&s;ignor Vero&s;hi.</HI> (who afterwards was Cardinal) who with the a&s;&s;i&s;tance of three hundred Soul|diers,
<PB N="3" REF="73"> <HI>Cor&s;i;</HI> and five hundred Pioners, in the very &s;ight of the Grand Dukes Deputies, cau&s;ed tho&s;e Walls to be level'd; &s;ince which time, <HI>Rome</HI> hath not been &s;ubject to any Inundations in winter time, and the <HI>Tiber</HI> hath ever had water enough to carry the Boates and Ve&s;&s;els which come to <HI>Rome.</HI></P>
<P>The Pope is ab&s;olute Lord, as well of the Tempo|ral as of the Spirituall, all over the State Eccle&s;i|a&s;tical; Neverthele&s;s with &s;ome re&s;triction of Au|thority in &s;ome Cities, by rea&s;on of the Priviledges which have been granted them, or which they have re&s;erv'd unto them&s;elves, when they became Subjects to the Holy See. And <HI>Rome,</HI> though &s;he hath &s;ome, or &s;hould have many, render him obedience as to an ab&s;olute Prince that governs her by the means of &s;everal Courts of Ju&s;tice.</P>
<P>The fir&s;t is that of the Auditour of the Chamber, who purcha&s;es his place at four&s;core thou&s;and Crowns, and brings him in yearly twelve thou&s;and Crowns; He intermedles with cau&s;es by Appeals from the Places and Cities of his Province, which is the <HI>Campania</HI> of <HI>Rome,</HI> and in the fir&s;t place with tho&s;e of <HI>Rome.</HI> He him&s;elf judgeth the mo&s;t im|portant ones; but for the re&s;t, and for the proceedings in Law, he refers them to the admini&s;tration of two Deputies; He judgeth al&s;o in Criminal Cau&s;es o|ver Strangers, having to that purpo&s;e a Lievetenant Criminal.</P>
<P>From Sentences of the Auditor of the Chamber, appeal is made to the Signature of Ju&s;tice, which is a Court of Ju&s;tice, whereof a Cardinal is ever Pre|&s;ident, and out of the mo&s;t con&s;iderable of the Col|ledge in 1661. Cardinal <HI>Sacchetti,</HI> perform'd that Office, and the Popes, <HI>Urban</HI> the <HI>8th,</HI> and <HI>Clement</HI>
<PB N="4" REF="74"> the <HI>8th.</HI> both of them held the &s;ame Office, during their &s;everal Cardinal&s;hips. He who is their Pre&s;i|dent hath for his A&s;&s;i&s;tants a great number (but un|limited) of Prelates, which are called Referendarii <HI>D<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">lle Signature, della Gratia, &amp; della Giu&s;titia,</HI> a|mong&s;t which there are twenty, which are called, <HI>Vo|canti de &s;ignatura,</HI> who give twelve thou&s;and Crowns for their Places; When as Cau&s;es are come to their Court, the Parties pre&s;ent a li&s;t of the Judges of whom they have no &s;u&s;pition, among which there is cho&s;en a Spokes-man, who having &s;et his Cau&s;e in good order, declares the &s;ame before the Cardinall Pre&s;ident, and the re&s;t of the Prelates, who give final Judgement, if it exceed not five hundred Crowns, but when it doth exceed, one may appeal from their Sen|tence unto the <HI>Rota.</HI> The Pre&s;ident of the Signa|tura buyeth not his Place; and it is to be ob&s;erv'd, that not any which are po&s;&s;e&s;t by Cardinals, are &s;ale|able.</P>
<P>The <HI>Rota</HI> is a Court of Ju&s;tice, con&s;i&s;ting of twelve Prelates, their Places are worth at the lea&s;t unto each of them, two thou&s;and Crowns <HI>per annum</HI> (be|&s;ides the great Benefites which they obtain of his Holine&s;s;) but they buy them not; They come by Nomination, one by the Emperour, one by the King of <HI>France<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"></HI> one by the King of <HI>Spain,</HI> one by the Common Wealth of <HI>Venice;</HI> the King of <HI>Eng|land</HI> had the nominating of one by Cour&s;e, the King of <HI>Poland</HI> may likewi&s;e, but he neglects it; the o|thers are taken out of &s;everal Cities of <HI>Italy</HI> who have that priviledge, neverthele&s;s at the Popes choyce, who places therein whom he be&s;t likes, pro|vided he be of one of tho&s;e Cities. That Court <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">akes notice, by appeal, of all Civil Cau&s;es of the <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">aiks, of tho&s;e of the Church-men, and of all
<PB N="5" REF="74"> that concern Matrimony or Benefices from all parts of the World, who acknowledge the Holy See, and who have no Indulgence or &s;pecial Licen&s;e for to decide them before their own Judges. There is no Appeal from Sentences which the Rota hath once pronounced.</P>
<P>The Governour of <HI>Rome</HI> is a Judge of Criminal Cau&s;es; but for to take him&s;elf off for the mo&s;t part of the care; He hath under him four Criminal Judges, from whom they Appeal to him&s;elf; yet &s;o, neverthele&s;s as that the fir&s;t Sentences of tho&s;e four Judges &s;eem Soveraign, and that the Governour doth nothing but revew the Cau&s;e. It is to be ob|&s;erved, that they never condemn to dye, if the cri|minal (though convicted by &s;ufficient Witne&s;&s;es) confe&s;s not his crime with his own mouth, Torture however is given him proportionable to the greatne&s;s of his Crime, and the conviction of the Witne&s;&s;es, and thence is &s;ent to do Penance.</P>
<P>The Governour takes notice al&s;o of Civil Cau&s;es, where the Salaries of Work-men or Servants are concern'd, and of differences which ari&s;e twixt Ma|&s;ters and Servants.</P>
<P>The Clergy-Men own for Judges the Cardinall Vicar of the Pope as Bi&s;hop of <HI>Rome,</HI> he hath under him three Officers; The fir&s;t, with Title of Vice|gerent, who is alwayes a Bi&s;hop, to who&s;e care it belongs to give Orders to govern Mona&s;tries, Pa|ri&s;hes, and other &s;uch like Churches, and Functions. The &s;econd is a Prelate, not a Bi&s;hop, with the Ti|tle of Lievetenant of the Vicar; to whom the cog|nizance of Juditiary Cau&s;es belong. The third is over the Crimes of the Church-men of <HI>Rome,</HI> with the Title of Judge criminal of the Vicar, under who&s;e &s;ubjection are Prie&s;ts, Monks, Nuns, Courtezans
<PB N="6" REF="75"> and Jews, &s;o that, that Court is very great, for there are abundance of tho&s;e People in <HI>Rome;</HI> the Churches though, and Mona&s;teries which have Ti|tles, or which have the Protection of &s;ome Cardinal, acknowledge that Titular Cardinal or Protector for their Judge, having an Indulgency to that purpo&s;e granted them.</P>
<P>Be&s;ides the Courts afore&s;aid, the <HI>Roman</HI> People have a peculiar one in the Capitol, which taketh cog|nizance of Cau&s;es amon&s;t Citizens, and others which depend on the Senate with Authority, as well in the Civil as in the Criminal. This Court is com|po&s;ed of one Senator, two Collaterals, and one Judge Criminal, all which do judge each apart. They meet twice a week, and that Court is called <HI>A&s;&s;ittamento,</HI> to which appeal is made from Sentences, which tho&s;e Judges have given in private, and from the Sentences of that Court or <HI>A&s;&s;ittamento</HI> Appeal is made unto a Magi&s;trate called <HI>Capl'itano d<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">l Ap|pellatio<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">,</HI> and from him Appeal may be made again to the Senatour, which &s;eems the mo&s;t intricate&s;t pro|ceeding in the World. All the&s;e Officers have Lodgings in the Capitol.</P>
<P>The People al&s;o in the &s;ame Capitol have their Con&s;ervators, appointed formerly, for to have care of the good Government of the City; But it hath been taken from them in great part, for &s;ince the erecting of Clarks of the Chamber, who create a|mong them&s;elves the Prefect of the <HI>Annona</HI> or of the Coin, and &s;uch like Offices which in former times were all in the hands of the People, ther's nothing left them, but onely to provide that the Bakers, Butchers, and Fi&s;hmongers, and Fruiterers have their mea&s;ures ju&s;t.</P>
<P>The City of <HI>Rome</HI> is divided into fourteen Wards
<PB N="7" REF="75"> or Regions, as they call them by a corrupt word, <HI>Rion<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</HI> Near upon the Fe&s;tival of Chri&s;tmas they put in an Urne the names of divers Citizens, &s;ome for Con&s;ervators, others for Caporioni, or heads of the Region according to the quality of the Per&s;on, and the fir&s;t Names that are drawn out of that Urne, are admitted into Office after having taken the Oath of Allegiance unto the Pope.</P>
<P>The Con&s;ervators are three, who have a fourth A&s;&s;ociate, in equall power with them, who is the Principal of the Caporioni, elected among&s;t them with great Ceremony's, and as they are ever mindfull of Grandeurs pa&s;t, they &s;ub&s;cribe them|&s;elves &s;till Con&s;uls, as if they were &s;ubrogated unto the Ancients.</P>
<P>They have a very fair Palace in the Capitole, a|dorn'd with Statues, and very Beautiful Pictures, where they a&s;&s;emble them&s;elves, once or twice a week for to give audience, and on tho&s;e dayes they eat together, making a &s;umptuous Banquet, where they envite their Friends, and are &s;erv'd by the Of|ficers of the Magi&s;trate, Cup-bearer, E&s;quires, Stewards, Cooks, Footmen and Others. They en|joy five or &s;ix good Towns with great Revenues, which they con&s;ume in that expence.</P>
<P>Under the Palace of the Con&s;ervators, every kind of Trade hath a Con&s;ul; where account is given of what is tran&s;acted by each.</P>
<P>The Capitol hath another Magi&s;trate called, <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 word"> <HI>Piacere,</HI> who judgeth of the &s;atisfactions which are to be given to &s;uch as have been offended, either in word or deed. That Office among&s;t the <HI>Romans</HI> was executed by the <HI>Magi&s;ter Equitum,</HI> and ev'n to this very day, he is &s;till <HI>Ma&s;tro Giu&s;tiario,</HI> which is in truth an Office very Pi<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">s, but little practis'd.</P>
<PB N="8" REF="76">
<P>There is al&s;o in the Capitol, another Magi&s;tracy of four Mar&s;hals, who in the times that the <HI>Ro|mans</HI> retain'd as yet &s;ome &s;mall Authority, com|manded their Troops in the Field; but &s;ince that the ordering of Peace and War is wholly in the Power of the Pope, that Office is no longer given unto men of the Militia, but onely unto young Gentle|men, in &s;o much that there is nothing left them, but the naked name, and without any Power.</P>
<P>The &s;ame hath hapned unto the Office of the Prefect of <HI>Rome,</HI> who formerly hath govern'd that City, under the <HI>Greek</HI> Emperours, a very long time after <HI>Con&s;tantine,</HI> whence one may di&s;cerne the va|nity of the pretended Donation made by that Em|perour; In fine, that Office hath no longer any function, and I do extreamly wonder, that the Popes have not as well &s;uppre&s;t the Name thereof as the Power, &s;ince it &s;till &s;hews in <HI>Rome</HI> the Imperiall Authority, whence it proceeded.</P>
<P><HI>Rome</HI> hath as yet another Magi&s;trate, which is not made by the Capitol, no<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> by the <HI>Roman</HI> People, but by the Prince, <HI>viz.</HI> Two Ma&s;ters of the Wayes, who as well within as without the City, have a care of the Wayes, of the Bridges, of the Walls and Publique Buildings, and who judge of the confines of Inheri|tances. That Office is ever con&s;u<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">'d upon Gentle|men of the fir&s;t Nobility, in Years, and of a good Repute, it was called by the Ancients <HI>Aedelitia,</HI> and tho&s;e who did exerci&s;e it <HI>Aediles,</HI> of who&s;e <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">edicts we have a full Title in the Codex. They have likewi&s;e a Care of the Aquiducts and Fountains of <HI>Rome,</HI> which are in very great number, but I &s;hall not de|&s;cribe them here, any more then the re&s;t of the Ra|<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ities, and Antiquities of the City, for a&s;much as they are di&s;cour&s;t of &s;ufficiently at length in the Books ex|tant of the Wonders of <HI>Rome.</HI></P>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<PB N="9" REF="76">
<HEAD>Of the Principal Fami|lies of <HI>ROME.</HI></HEAD>
<P>THE Principal Families of <HI>Rome,</HI> are tho&s;e of the <HI>Ur&s;ini</HI>'s, and of the <HI>Colonna</HI>'s, declared to be &s;uch by <HI>Sixtus Quintus,</HI> who gave them place in the Chappel, near the Papal Throne, among the Royal Amba&s;&s;adours; but the <HI>Conti</HI>'s, and the <HI>Sa|velli</HI>'s do not any wayes &s;ubmit them&s;elves unto that Declaration, impugning the &s;ame as wicked, and made by <HI>Sixtus Quintus,</HI> becau&s;e he had contracted Alliance with both tho&s;e Families, indeed both of them are of a very Illu&s;trious Nobility, and from &s;e|veral Ages, and both of them do evidence that they are come from <HI>Germany;</HI> But for to &s;peak in the fir&s;t place of that of the <HI>Ur&s;ini,</HI> the Duke of <HI>Bracciano</HI> Chief of the <HI>Ur&s;in</HI>'s, produceth indeed a Pedigree which derives his Family from <HI>Germany,</HI> but not that which makes him derive from <HI>Italy,</HI> for fear perhaps that he might not find his Account in <HI>San&s;ovino,</HI> who writes not very favourably of the <HI>Ur&s;ino</HI>'s. And as the <HI>Conti</HI>'s and the <HI>Savilli</HI>'s will not give up the Precedency unto the <HI>Ur&s;ino</HI>'s, and unto the <HI>Collonno</HI>'s in l<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ke manner the <HI>Ur&s;ino</HI>'s and the <HI>Colonna</HI>'s do not agree among them&s;elves, not being willing to &s;tand to the decrees of <HI>Sixtus Quintus,</HI> who orders that the elde&s;t of them ought to precede the other; which is the cau&s;e that when the Chief of the <HI>Ur&s;ino</HI>'s is
<PB N="10" REF="77"> elde&s;t, <HI>Colonna</HI> never appears in the Popes Chappel, and reciprocally, when <HI>Colonna</HI> is elde&s;t; <HI>Ur&s;ini</HI> never appears there.</P>
<P>The <HI>Grandeur</HI> of that Family of <HI>Ur&s;ini,</HI> appears &s;ufficiently in that, that the Kings of <HI>Naples,</HI> and the Grand Dukes of <HI>Thu&s;cany</HI> have oft married their Daughters unto them; The <HI>Romans</HI> for the mo&s;t part give it the Precedency; becau&s;e that it is the fir&s;t mentioned in the Statutes of <HI>Rome,</HI> whereas upon the Alphabetical account, that of the <HI>Colonna</HI>'s &s;hould be mentioned before it.</P>
<P>The Chief of the Family of the <HI>Ur&s;ini</HI>'s is the Duke of <HI>Bracciano,</HI> formerly known by the name of the Duke of <HI>Santo Semini;</HI> for he was &s;o &s;til'd before the Death of <HI>Don Paule Giordano</HI> his elde&s;t Brother, not long &s;ince decea&s;ed without Children Legitimate. He is Father of the Cardinal <HI>Ur&s;ini,</HI> and of the Duke of <HI>Meruli;</HI> who is married to a Lady &s;omewhat in years, by whom he hath not, nor never will have children; And of <HI>Don Lelio,</HI> who is unmarried: He po&s;&s;e&s;&s;eth eighteen or twenty good Towns, which bring him in well near an hundred and forty thou|&s;and crowns of Revenue, but the exce&s;&s;ive liberality of his &s;aid elde&s;t Brother <HI>Don Paolo Giardano,</HI> and of <HI>Don Virginio</HI> his Father, and of his Grand-father al&s;o, <HI>Don Paolo Giordano,</HI> have left him very many Debts to pay, in&s;tead of ready money, whereby to make him&s;elf greater. The Dukes of <HI>Petigliano,</HI> and of <HI>Monte Rotondo</HI> did make up two other Branches, but they are extinct not long &s;ince. The Duke of <HI>Gra|vina</HI> in the Kingdom of <HI>Naples</HI> is of them al&s;o, there he po&s;&s;e&s;&s;eth forty thou&s;and crowns yearly Revenue, and hath Children as well as the Duke of <HI>Amatrice,</HI> who is of the &s;ame Family of the <HI>Ur&s;ini</HI>'s, and is Pri&s;oner in the Ca&s;tle <HI>Santo Angelo,</HI> for having kil|led
<PB N="11" REF="77"> his Wife the Si&s;ter of Cardinal <HI>Caffarelli;</HI> It &s;eemeth that the Name <HI>Ur&s;ino</HI> of that Family is corrupted of <HI>Ro&s;ino,</HI> for they bare a Ro&s;e in their Armes, and likewi&s;e in <HI>Germany</HI> they call him of <HI>Bamberg,</HI> which &s;ignifies a Mount of Rome. They hear about their Scutcheon two Bears which &s;upport it, which is not &s;een in tho&s;e of <HI>Germany,</HI> an evident Argument of Equivocation of <HI>Ro&s;ino</HI> in <HI>Ur&s;ino.</HI></P>
<P>As to the Family of the <HI>Colonna</HI>'s, competitor with that of the <HI>Ur&s;ini</HI>'s as well in Grandeur as in Nobi|lity; it al&s;o boa&s;ts that it came from <HI>Germany,</HI> but that is certain, that if it did come from thence, it hath not brought thence that Name, for it hath a&s;|&s;um'd it from a &s;mall Town near <HI>Rome</HI> called <HI>Colonna,</HI> and &s;o we read in the Hi&s;tory of <HI>Cola</HI> of <HI>Rienzo, Giovanni</HI> and <HI>Sciarra</HI> of the <HI>Colonna,</HI> who are there nominated; <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ora&s;much as that <HI>Sciarra</HI> of the <HI>Co|lonna</HI> gave a &s;ound box on the ear unto <HI>Giovanni</HI> of the <HI>Colonna</HI> his Co<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">zen in the Senete; as being great Adver&s;aries, where it appears that they have not gi|ven the Name to the Town, but have taken it from it; as the <HI>Farne&s;i</HI> the <HI>Ce&s;i</HI> and others. Tho&s;e of that Family &s;ay, that they can &s;hew Titles of above &s;even hundred Years &s;tanding; but it is certain that in the year, nine hundred ninety five, there was not any cognizance in <HI>Rome,</HI> either of the <HI>Ur&s;ini</HI>'s or of the <HI>Colonna's,</HI> becau&s;e <HI>Ma<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">a S<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ina,</HI> and <HI>Alberti,</HI> Hi&s;to|rians of that Age, &s;etting down all the Noble Fami|lies of <HI>Rome,</HI> which did adhere unto Pope <HI>Gregory,</HI> and for the <HI>Anti-Pope John,</HI> created by the means of <HI>Cre&s;centu<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">s</HI> Citizen of <HI>Rome,</HI> dividing them, as it were into two Cla&s;&s;es, make no mention neither of the <HI>Ur&s;ino</HI>'s nor of the <HI>Colonna</HI>'s, an evident proof that they were not as yet in <HI>Rome,</HI> or el&s;e that they were certain Per&s;ons whereo<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> little or no account was
<PB N="12" REF="78"> made of; but be it as it will, their greatne&s;s appears &s;ufficiently, in that of a long time, there hath been no Peace made betwixt the <HI>Italian</HI> Princes, but the Heads of tho&s;e Families have been comprehended therein.</P>
<P>This Hou&s;e of the <HI>Colonna</HI>'s is divided into &s;everal Branches, whereof the fir&s;t is that of the Dukes of <HI>Paliano</HI> who are al&s;o Princes of <HI>Marino,</HI> and of many other Towns, as well in the <HI>State Eccle&s;ia&s;tick,</HI> as in the Kingdom of <HI>Naples,</HI> The Cardinal <HI>Colonna</HI> is the elde&s;t; He po&s;&s;e&s;&s;eth above a hundred thou&s;and Crowns Revenue, as well in Lands, as in Church-Livings, which have been conferr'd upon him by <HI>Urban</HI> the <HI>8th,</HI> by rea&s;on of the Alliance which <HI>Don Tad<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">o Barberini,</HI> that Popes Nephew, contracted with him in Marrying <HI>Do<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">na Anna Colonna</HI> his Si&s;ter. The &s;econd is <HI>Mon&s;ignor Colonna,</HI> who had borne Armes in <HI>Germany,</HI> and in <HI>Flanders</HI> under the Name of Duke of <HI>Mar&s;i,</HI> and after many Exployts, at length turn'd Monk of the order of St. <HI>Bennets,</HI> whence to with draw him, becau&s;e he proved trouble|&s;ome to all the re&s;t of the Monks; he was made Bi|&s;hop in <HI>Partibus.</HI> The third is <HI>Don Mare Antonio Co|lonna</HI> formerly Married unto a <HI>Sicilian,</HI> of whom he had two male children, <HI>Don Lorenzo,</HI> ready for Mar|riage, and <HI>Don Filippo</HI> de&s;igned for the Church, and five Daughters, whereof the Elde&s;t is Married unto Duke <HI>Spinola</HI> of <HI>Genova,</HI> and the other four are ei|ther Nunns or de&s;ign'd to be &s;o. He &s;tiles him&s;elf Duke of <HI>Paliano,</HI> Prince of <HI>Marino</HI> count of <HI>Taglia|cozzho,</HI> and High Con&s;table of the Kingdome of <HI>Na|ples.</HI></P>
<P>The &s;econd Branch, which formerly was the fir&s;t, is that of the Dukes of <HI>Cartoniano,</HI> the Father of him who is yet living, was Prince of <HI>Pali&s;trina,</HI>
<PB N="13" REF="78"> which he &s;old unto the <HI>Barbarins,</HI> to the end that he might live plentifully. They po&s;&s;e&s;&s;e &s;till well near five and thirty thou&s;and crowns Revenue, and they &s;ave as much as they can. His Elde&s;t Son, who is a Church-man, hath bought an Office of Clark of the Chamber; The &s;econd is called Duke of <HI>Ba&s;&s;anello:</HI> There is a Third, who hath no Title.</P>
<P>The Prince of <HI>Gallicano</HI> makes the third Branch, but he hath no children, and &s;mall hopes of having any, and having almo&s;t all his E&s;tate in the King|dome of <HI>Naples,</HI> the <HI>Spaniards</HI> have Seque&s;tred it by rea&s;on of the treacherous corre&s;pondence which he held with them during the Troubles of <HI>Naples.</HI></P>
<P>Let us come to the Family of the <HI>Conti</HI>'s; it is po&s;&s;ible the mo&s;t Antient of all, or at lea&s;t formerly it was the mo&s;t powerful; <HI>Platina,</HI> relating that the Counts of <HI>Tu&s;coli</HI> or <HI>Fra&s;cati</HI> (in <HI>Italian Li Conti Tu&s;|culani)</HI> did cau&s;e frequently Popes to be created to their Intere&s;t, by rea&s;on of their Power. Its belie|ved that the <HI>Conti</HI>'s this day living, are the &s;ame with the Counts of <HI>Tu&s;coli</HI> or <HI>Conti Tu&s;culani.</HI> A certain per&s;on and very Intelligent, &s;aith, that there is &s;ome kind of flaw in the Family; be it as it will, it is now Reduc'd to two Branches, the Dukes of <HI>Car|pineto</HI> and of <HI>Poli,</HI> and neither of them have any great E&s;tate.</P>
<P>The Family of the <HI>Savilli</HI>'s is E&s;teem'd by &s;ome in <HI>Rome</HI> more Antient than that of the <HI>Collonna's,</HI> and the <HI>Ur&s;ini's;</HI> there are &s;ome who will have it to be De&s;cended from that <HI>Sabellus,</HI> of whom <HI>Cicero</HI> &s;peaks, but I hold that for a Fable, though in another re&s;pect it is held very Antient, and it is realy &s;o, as it ap|pears in &s;everall In&s;criptions, and Antient Monu|ments which are obvious to be Read in Churches, and other Publique Places.</P>
<PB N="14" REF="79">
<P>The Power which fo<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">merly they have had in <HI>Rome</HI> may be proved by the Power, which they had not long &s;ince, of keeping a Court of Ju&s;tice in <HI>Rome</HI> by the Name of <HI>Torre di Savelli,</HI> in the which notice was taken of certain cau&s;es, as of affronts done unto the Courtezans; but <HI>Innocent</HI> the <HI>10th</HI> took it from them. The <HI>Sardi</HI> relate &s;trange things, extracted out of the Records of their Kingdome concerning that Family, whence there have i&s;&s;u'd &s;everal Popes.</P>
<P>The chief of this Family is the Prince of <HI>Albano,</HI> and Duke of the <HI>Riceja,</HI> the Elde&s;t is a Clergy-Man, the Younger Brother who bears the Name of a Prince, hath been Married to a Si&s;ter of the Dutches of <HI>Ceri;</HI> of the Family of the <HI>Aldobrandini</HI> who died in child-bed, of a child which is &s;till living; The decea&s;ed Cardinal <HI>Montalto</HI> their Uncle of the Mother-&s;ide, hath left them an ample Patrimony, which hath very well re&s;tor'd them, and had not that been, it was reported that if they had &s;ould the be&s;t part of their E&s;tate they would hardly have been able to pay their Debts. They have an Uncle who is Cardinal, and who was Arch Bi&s;hop of <HI>Salerno,</HI> but he hath re&s;ign'd that Church unto <HI>Mo<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">&s;ignor Torres</HI> his Nephew, his Si&s;ters Son. There are three more Gentlemen of this Family, who have no Title at all. I have ob&s;erved that the <HI>Savelli,</HI> and the <HI>Conti</HI> expo&s;e the Pictures of the Popes of their Fa|mily, whereas among the <HI>Ur&s;ini</HI>'s we &s;ee not that of <HI>Nicholas</HI> the third, nor among the <HI>Colonna</HI>'s, any but that of <HI>Mart<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters"></HI> the <HI>5th.</HI> It may po&s;&s;ibly be, becau&s;e that the <HI>Ur&s;ini</HI>'s, and the <HI>Colonna</HI>'s cannot reckon up &s;o many Popes as others or becau&s;e they would &s;how that their Greatne&s;s derives not from Popes.</P>
<P>To the&s;e four Families, the People add four others which &s;ucceed them in greatne&s;s, among which the
<PB N="15" REF="79"> fir&s;t is the <HI>Gaetana</HI> which derives the Origen of it's Nobility from <HI>Boniface</HI> the <HI>8th,</HI> near upon the Year 1300. It hath had in le&s;s than within the&s;e forty Years four Cardinals, and &s;everal others before; It po&s;&s;e&s;&s;eth many good Towns in the Campania of <HI>Rome,</HI> with the Title of Duke of <HI>Sermoneta</HI> for the chief of the Family, and the Principality of <HI>Ca&s;erta</HI> in the Kingdom of <HI>Naples.</HI> There are three more Gentlemen of this Family, who have no great mat|ter of E&s;tate, nor are they Titled at all. The Fa|ther of <HI>Boniface</HI> the <HI>8th,</HI> was a Doctor at Law, he came out of <HI>Spain,</HI> and &s;taid fir&s;t at <HI>Gaeta,</HI> and from thence he went to <HI>Anagni,</HI> where at that time the Court of <HI>Rome</HI> was kept, and where he became a good Advocate; There was it that <HI>John</HI> his Son was born, who was afterwards <HI>Boniface</HI> the <HI>8th,</HI> and becau&s;e he came from <HI>Gaeta,</HI> he was called <HI>Gaetano.</HI></P>
<P>The &s;econd Family of the&s;e four &s;econds, is that of the <HI>Ce&s;arini,</HI> called formerly <HI>Montavano,</HI> which hath drawn that Name, according to the common opinion, from the place called S. <HI>Ce&s;ario</HI> near <HI>Bo|logna,</HI> there have I&s;&s;u'd out from it five Cardinals, within the &s;pace of an hundred and four&s;core Years; The fir&s;t of which was called the Cardinal of S. <HI>Eu|&s;tacchio</HI> who was &s;lain in a Battel again&s;t the <HI>Turks</HI> in <HI>Hungary,</HI> the Year 1562. This Family po&s;&s;e&s;&s;eth a Good and Rich Town in the <HI>Marca</HI> of <HI>Ancona,</HI> with a Title of a Dukedome, by Name, <HI>Civita Nova,</HI> and three more in the <HI>Latium</HI> or <HI>Campania</HI> of <HI>Rome.</HI></P>
<P>The third Family of the&s;e four &s;econds, is that of the <HI>Ce&s;i</HI>'s &s;o called from a Ca&s;tle of the Dukedom of <HI>Poleto;</HI> It came to <HI>Rome</HI> near upon the Year 1400. The <HI>Romans</HI> &s;ay, that it hath had its Origen from a Phy&s;itian, called <HI>Simo<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> di C<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">&s;i,</HI> who purcha&s;t a Lord|&s;hip in the <HI>Latium,</HI> unto which he gave his Name,
<PB N="16" REF="80"> which it bears &s;till to this day. There have been many Cardinals of this Family, all very devout, as it appears by their Magnificent Churches which they have cau&s;ed to be Built. This Family is at this day devided into three Branches, whereof the chief is the Duke of <HI>Acqa&s;parta,</HI> who of late is become Heir of that of <HI>Ceri</HI> his Brother, who decea&s;ed without I&s;&s;ue.</P>
<P>The &s;econd Branch is that of the Marque&s;s <HI>C<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">&s;i,</HI> Brother to the decea&s;ed Cardinal; and the third is of a private Gentleman, Rich in abandance of chil|dren, which the Marque&s;s wants.</P>
<P>The fourth of the four &s;econd Families, is that of <HI>Altemps</HI> lately come out of <HI>Germany,</HI> where the Eld|e&s;t bear the Title of Counts of <HI>Altempts</HI> in <HI>Suaube,</HI> by the means that one of tho&s;e Counts having e&s;|pou&s;ed the Si&s;ter of <HI>Pius</HI> the <HI>4th,</HI> he had a Son a Cardinal, who was very Rich, but very Di&s;&s;olute, Sola&s;ing him&s;elf with a <HI>Spani&s;h</HI> Lady, with whom he got a certain Di&s;ea&s;e which did not hinder him, though from getting a Son, who becau&s;e of his Riches Married with a Lady of the Family of the <HI>Ur&s;ini's;</HI> whence i&s;&s;u'd <HI>Giovanai Angelo</HI> Father of the pre&s;ent Duke, who is far wi&s;er than his Father, or his Grand-father either, who were bani&s;ht a long time to <HI>Avignon,</HI> not for their good behaviour. Next unto the&s;e Families, we may reckon up &s;ome, who owe all their Greatne&s;s to the good Fortune that they have had, to have &s;ome Popes of their Families; which are the Dukes <HI>Bonelli,</HI> who have been advanc't by <HI>Pius</HI> the <HI>5th</HI> their Uncle.</P>
<P>The Compagni, Dukes of <HI>Sona</HI> Enrich't by <HI>Gre|gory</HI> the <HI>13th</HI> their Uncle.</P>
<P>The <HI>Peretti,</HI> come from <HI>Sixtus Quintus,</HI> whereof the Name is extinc't by the death of Cardinal <HI>Mon|alto</HI> the la&s;t Male of the Family.</P>
<PB N="17" REF="80">
<P>The <HI>Aldobrandini</HI> of <HI>Clement</HI> the <HI>8th</HI> al&s;o extinct their Riches, di&s;&s;olving into the Families of the <HI>Borghe&s;i,</HI> and <HI>Pamfilii</HI> by the means of two Marriages contracted by the Prince&s;&s;e of <HI>Ro&s;ana.</HI> The fir&s;t with <HI>Don Paulo Borghe&s;e,</HI> Father to the now Prince of that Name; The &s;econd with the Prince <HI>Pam|filio,</HI> from whom there hath come many Children. The Prince <HI>Borghe&s;e,</HI> is Prince of <HI>Solmona,</HI> &amp; is worth three hundred thou&s;and crowns of Revenue, by the means of <HI>Paul</HI> the <HI>5th</HI> their Uncle, and the Thrift of <HI>Don Mare Antonio Borghe&s;e</HI> la&s;t decea&s;ed.</P>
<P>The <HI>Lodui&s;i</HI> take their Greatne&s;s from <HI>Gregory 15th,</HI> Native of <HI>Bologna. Nicolo Lodovi&s;io</HI> now li|ving had taken, in his fir&s;t Marriage the Prince&s;s of <HI>Venu&s;a,</HI> of whom having had no I&s;&s;ue, he hath been neverthele&s;s inve&s;ted with the &s;ame Principality by his Catholick Maje&s;ty; In a &s;econd Marriage, he took the Prince&s;s of <HI>Piombino</HI> of the Family of the <HI>Appiani,</HI> of whom al&s;o not having any I&s;&s;ue, and remaining Heir likewi&s;e of that Principality by the Death of the Emperour; he took in a third Marriage, the Neece of Pope <HI>Innocent</HI> the <HI>10th,</HI> of whom he hath had one Male Child, called <HI>Don Gioanni Batti&s;ta</HI> Duke of <HI>Zagarola</HI> and <HI>Prior</HI> of <HI>Capua,</HI> an Office which brings him in &s;ix thou&s;and crowns Revenue; He hath a Daughter, which is Stiled Prince&s;s of <HI>Piombino,</HI> of <HI>Venu&s;a,</HI> and of <HI>Ge&s;ualdo,</HI> and Dutche&s;s of <HI>Fiano.</HI> He hath in Revenue three&s;core thou&s;and crowns out of the Principality of <HI>Piombino,</HI> thirty thou&s;and crowns out of the Principality of <HI>Venu&s;a,</HI> thirty five thou&s;and crowns out of the Dukedom of <HI>Eagavola, Gallicano,</HI> and <HI>Colonna,</HI> and &s;ixteen thou|&s;and crowns out of <HI><GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">iano;</HI> he hath in Revenue Yearly one hundred and forty thou&s;and crowns.</P>
<P>The <HI>Barbarini</HI> now Princes of <HI>Pale&s;trina,</HI> are
<PB N="18" REF="81"> Originally come from <HI>Florence;</HI> they have been ad|vanc't by the means of <HI>Urban</HI> the <HI>8th,</HI> who hath made them very Rich, his Pontificat-&s;hip having continued one and twenty years full our. The Prince of <HI>Pale&s;trina</HI> hath four&s;core thou&s;and crowns Re|venue.</P>
<P>The <HI>Pamfilii</HI> are come by <HI>Innocent</HI> the <HI>10th;</HI> They have had but eleven years to make them&s;elves great in, but <HI>Do ma Olimpia,</HI> Mother of the pre&s;ent Prince <HI>Pamfilio,</HI> and Wife of <HI>Innocent</HI> the <HI>10ths</HI> Brother, hath known &s;o well how to mannage her bu&s;ine&s;s, that She hath heap'd up Innumerable Riches; He is thought to have near upon a hundred and fifty thou&s;and crowns Revenue, being Prince of S. <HI>Mar|tino,</HI> and Duke of <HI>Chiu&s;i</HI> in the Campania of <HI>Rome.</HI> The <HI>Ghigi,</HI> Relations of the Pope now Reigning, have bought the Principality of <HI>Ferne&s;e,</HI> and en|deavour to put them&s;elves in the Rank of others, and to have wherewithall to &s;upport them&s;elves.</P>
<P>To the&s;e Families, one may add, if not prefer the Family of <HI>Anguilara,</HI> formerly very Power|full, and which did po&s;&s;e&s;&s;e an Infinite of Towns in the County of the Patrimony, of the Dukedome of <HI>Spol<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ta,</HI> and of <HI>G<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">varina,</HI> all which are gotten into a third hand by way of Dowries, Alienations, and Sales, part to the <HI>Ur&s;i<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">u</HI>'s, <HI>C<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">&s;i</HI>'s and others, and the greate&s;t part to the <HI>Savetti</HI>'s. <HI>Anguilara</HI> is a Place indifferent Great, Scituated on the Lake of <HI>Bracciaro,</HI> which is round, excepting that it makes an Angle of one &s;ide, whence it came to be called <HI>Angul<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">ia,</HI> and by a co<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 span">t word <HI>Anguillara.</HI> There is a Gentleman of his Hou&s;e, who is Lord of two Towns, by Name, <HI>Stabbio,</HI> and <HI>Calcata,</HI> &s;mal remarks of the pa&s;t <HI>Grandeur</HI> of their Ance&s;ters.</P>
<P>I &s;hall divide the other Familes of <HI>Rome</HI> into three
<PB N="19" REF="81"> Cla&s;&s;es, according to the Order of their <HI>Seniority,</HI> and by <HI>Alphabet;</HI> It being to be ob&s;erved, that allbeit <HI>Con&s;tantin</HI> carried away with him to the <HI>Bi&s;an|tium,</HI> the greate&s;t part of the be&s;t Families, there are yet left &s;everal Branches behind.</P>
<LIST>
<HEAD>The Families of <HI>Rome,</HI> which boa&s;t of their Nobility, of above five hundred years Standing.</HEAD>
<ITEM>ALbertoni.</ITEM>
<ITEM>A&s;talli, <HI>Marque&s;&s;es.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Altieri.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Anibali <HI>of the</HI> Molara.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Boccabella.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Boccapadula.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Benirabeni.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Boccamazza.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Cre&s;centii.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Ca&s;ali.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Cor&s;ieri.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Capogalli.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Cenci.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Cecchini.</ITEM>
<PB N="20" REF="82">
<ITEM>Con&s;tanzi.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Capezucchi.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Carrei.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Cavalieri de Militibus.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Ca&s;&s;arelli, <HI>Dukes.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Ca&s;tellani.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Capranica.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Coleri.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<P>The Family, <HI>Delfini</HI> is extinct, whereof the <HI>Al|tieri</HI> have been Heirs.</P>
<P>The <HI>Farne&s;i,</HI> Dukes of <HI>Latera</HI> have &s;old of late to <HI>Don Augi&s;tino Ghigi</HI> the Lord&s;hip of <HI>Farne&s;e,</HI> which is Soveraign, and which gives the name to the whole Family of <HI>Paul</HI> the <HI>3d,</HI> whereof the Principall Branch, is that of the Duke of <HI>Parma.</HI></P>
<P>The <HI>Francipani,</HI> Marque&s;s of <HI>Nemi,</HI> are divided into three Branches, whereof the fir&s;t, which was in <HI>Rome,</HI> is fallen to the younger Brother of the &s;econd, who hath E&s;tabli&s;ht him&s;elf in <HI>Croatia,</HI> and the third bears the Name of <HI>Micheli</HI> in <HI>Venice.</HI></P>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Fabri.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Fo&s;chi.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Gabrieli <HI>of</HI> Rome, <HI>are Counts.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Gottifredi.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Jaccovacci.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Incoronati <HI>of</HI> Placo, <HI>come from</HI> Spain.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Lanti, <HI>come from</HI> Spain, <HI>and are Dukes.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Leni, <HI>Extinct by the death of the Cardinal of that Name.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><TABLE>
<ROW>
<CELL>Mancini. <HI>come from</HI> Luca.</CELL>
<CELL ROWS="4">Dukes of <HI>Regnano.</HI></CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>Magi&s;tri.</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>Mellini.</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>Muti delle Mozze.</CELL>
</ROW>
</TABLE></ITEM>
<ITEM>Molara <HI>of the</HI> Annibalis.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<PB N="21" REF="82">
<P><HI>Monalde&s;chi,</HI> Marque&s;s of <HI>St. Martin,</HI> whereof the la&s;t was killed at <HI>Fountain Bell'eau,</HI> by appointment of the Queen of <HI>Suethland.</HI></P>
<P><HI>Mattei,</HI> Dukes of <HI>Giovio;</HI> He hath a Brother Married in <HI>Flanders,</HI> called the Marque&s;s <HI>Mattei;</HI> &amp; another branch which they call the Baron <HI>Mattei.</HI></P>
<P>De Maximis. Madaleni.</P>
<P><HI>Pauluzzi</HI> of the <HI>Albertoni,</HI> Marque&s;s <HI>Porcari.</HI> They pretend to de&s;cend from the Antient <HI>Porci, Cato</HI>'s; and do &s;hew &s;everal Antiquities for proof of their Antiquity.</P>
<P>The Marque&s;s of <HI>Palombara</HI> of the Family of the <HI>Savelli.</HI></P>
<P><HI>Sforza</HI>'s, come from <HI>John Galeazzo</HI> Duke of <HI>Milan,</HI> of whom <HI>Luis Sforza,</HI> Sirnamed the <HI>Moore</HI> u&s;urp'd that Dukedom, they are now Dukes of <HI>Santa Flora</HI> and <HI>Donana.</HI></P>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Savocchio.</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Serlupi,</HI> Marque&s;s, extinct within the&s;e two years.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Santa Croce, <HI>Marque&s;s.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Scapucci.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Tedellini.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Valli, <HI>of the</HI> Valle.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<P><HI>Vanucci,</HI> Of which Family de&s;cended that <HI>Ju|lia,</HI> whereof there was to be &s;een not long ago, the Epitaph in the Church of our Lady of the <HI>Popolo,</HI> with her Armes in Marble, quarter'd with tho&s;e of <HI>Alexander</HI> the <HI>6th,</HI> as it were Man and Wife; With this In&s;cription,</P>
<P>D. O. M.</P>
<P>Juliae Vanucciae Matri Duci&s;&s;arum Ferrariae, &amp; Ur|bini Filiorum Alexandri &s;exti Papae, Vixit, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<LIST>
<PB N="22" REF="83">
<HEAD>The &s;econd Cla&s;&s;e of the Family of <HI>Rome,</HI> be|come Noble within the&s;e three Hundred years, or there abouts.</HEAD>
<ITEM>ACcoramboni. Ariccia.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Armonticri.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Buffali <HI>of</HI> Cancelliari, <HI>Marque&s;s, come from</HI> Pi&s;loia.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Buffalini, <HI>come from</HI> Civita di Ca&s;tello.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Benaventari, <HI>come from</HI> Pe&s;aro.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Benroni, <HI>come from</HI> Cremona.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Bongiovanni. Baglio<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">i.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Coccini, Ceci or Ciacci.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Contieri, Cinquini, <HI>Gentlemen of</HI> Bi&s;antium.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Cupis, <HI>come from</HI> Fano.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Evangeli&s;ti.</ITEM>
<ITEM><GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ilo<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ardi, <HI>de&s;cended of a Brother of</HI> urban <HI>the</HI> 7th.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Gironi, <HI>come from</HI> Spain.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Gabriell<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">, <HI>come from</HI> Gubbio, <HI>who are different from the</HI> Romans</ITEM>
<ITEM>Leoni, <HI>who are come from</HI> Genazz<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ne.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Ma&s;&s;imi, Maccaron<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">, <HI>come from</HI> Milan.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Ma&s;&s;e<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">, <HI>come from</HI> V<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">rona.</ITEM>
<PB N="23" REF="83">
<ITEM>Mig<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">anelli, <HI>come from</HI> Siena.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Melcbiori, <HI>come from</HI> Recanati, <HI>and are Marque&s;es.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Ma&s;querotti, <HI>are Counts.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Mutini, <HI>come from</HI> Genoua.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Marcani.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Pamphili, <HI>come from</HI> Gubbio.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Pichi, <HI>come from</HI> Rodes.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Riccia, <HI>come from</HI> Taranto.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Saldoni, Specchi, So<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ci, Stat<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Trofili. Tedell<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">eai.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Velleri. Virtelle&s;chi.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Vero&s;pi, <HI>come from</HI> Spain.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>The third Cla&s;&s;e of the Families Ennobled in <HI>Rome,</HI> &s;omewhat above an hundred years agoe.</HEAD>
<ITEM>AQuilani.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Buca.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Carducci, Catalani, Cel&s;i, <HI>come from</HI> Nepi.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Fani, <HI>come from</HI> Corn<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">to.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Gabrini, <HI>come from</HI> Florence.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Garnelli, <HI>come from</HI> Reggiou, <HI>near</HI> Modena.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Griffoni.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Lancellotti.</ITEM>
<PB N="24" REF="84">
<ITEM>Paravicini, <HI>I&s;&s;ued out of</HI> Alexandria <HI>in</HI> Monferrat.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Petroni, <HI>come out of</HI> Civita Ca&s;tellana.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Porta, <HI>come from</HI> Como.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Roggieri, <HI>come from</HI> Sutri.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Roberti, Rivaldi.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Stella.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Torres, <HI>Marque&s;s come from</HI> Spain.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Vitelli, <HI>come out of</HI> Citt&agrave; di Ca&s;tello.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<P>It is to be ob&s;erved, that of all the&s;e Families, there's hardly any one of them, but hath had &s;ome Cardinal of it.</P>
<LIST>
<HEAD>Families who have come to inhe|rit there within the&s;e hundred Years, and in the fir&s;t Place, tho&s;e who have de&s;erted their own Countryes, though very con&s;iderable, and very Noble, and have E&s;tabli&s;ht them|&s;elves in <HI>Rome,</HI> without any occa&s;ion of Bu&s;ine&s;s, or Trade.</HEAD>
<ITEM>BOlogn<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">tti, <HI>come from</HI> Bologna.</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>The Counts</HI> Carpegna, <HI>come from</HI> Urbino.</ITEM>
<PB N="25" REF="84">
<ITEM>Canobi, Monte Catini, <HI>come from</HI> Ferrara.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Nobili, <HI>Marque&s;s come from</HI> Rieti, <HI>Nephew's of</HI> Innocent <HI>the</HI> 7th.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Ra&s;po&s;i, <HI>come from</HI> Ravenna.</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>The Marque&s;s</HI> Pallavicini, <HI>come from</HI> Parma.</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>The Duke</HI> Salviati, <HI>come from</HI> Florence.</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>The Duke</HI> Strozzi, <HI>from</HI> Florence.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Sabatini, <HI>of</HI> Bologna.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>Certain Families come to an E|&s;tate of Wealth, by their good Fortune, Services, or Al|liances with Grandee's.</HEAD>
<ITEM>BOngiovanni, <HI>of the</HI> Marca <HI>of</HI> Ancona, <HI>enricht by the Cardinal</HI> Montalto.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Cardelli, <HI>enricht by the</HI> Aldobrandine's.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Capponi, <HI>by</HI> Clement <HI>the</HI> 8th.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Man&s;roni, <HI>by Cardinal</HI> Sauli.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Nobili, <HI>of</HI> Montepulciano, <HI>Marque&s;s Related to</HI> Julius <HI>the</HI> 3d.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Sanne&s;i, <HI>Dukes of</HI> Collelungo <HI>by the Cardinall</HI> Pi<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">t<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">o Aldobrandini.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<P>The Marque&s;s, <HI>Pignatelli,</HI> a Kin&s;-man of the Cardinal of the &s;ame Name.</P>
<LIST>
<PB N="26" REF="85">
<HEAD>During the Pontificat of <HI>Urban</HI> the <HI>8th.</HI> The following Fa|milies have enricht them&s;elves.</HEAD>
<ITEM>AMadori, Filicaia, Macchiavelli.</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Meraldi Ra&s;poni, Vacini,</HI> who came out of <HI>Flo|rence,</HI> and &s;ome Provinces belonging to the Church.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>Some Noble Families in their Country, Planted in <HI>Rome,</HI> where they &s;urpa&s;&s;e not the &s;econd Generation.</HEAD>
<ITEM>ACciaitoli, Albizi, Alcoviti.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Antenori.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Falconieri. Federici. Magalotti.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Martelli. Ru&s;poli. Sacchetti.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Americi. A&s;corni. Ma&s;igni.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Nerli, <HI>come from</HI> Florence.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Siri, <HI>come from</HI> Savona.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<PB N="27" REF="85">
<HEAD>Families of <HI>Genoua,</HI> become Rich &s;ince forty, or fifty years at the mo&s;t.</HEAD>
<ITEM><HI>BOnanni,</HI> The Marque&s;s <HI>Ca&s;tagutti.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Co&s;ta, Glu&s;tiniare,</HI> Prince of <HI>Ba&s;&s;ano,</HI> who hath E&s;pou&s;ed a Neece of <HI>Innocent</HI> the tenth, be|fore his being Pope.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Pagliari. Paravicini.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Ravenna. Scagli. Vivaldi.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>Other Families come from &s;eve|ral parts of <HI>Italy,</HI> who have enrich't them&s;elves by the means of the Bank Trade.</HEAD>
<ITEM>BErtelotti of Nero. Toppa. Rocci, Rottigni. Rappac|ciuoli. Spadavarre&s;e.</ITEM>
<ITEM>The Marque&s;s <HI>Maldacchini,</HI> is Nephew of <HI>Donna Olimpia,</HI> Si&s;ter in law to Pope <HI>Innocent</HI> the tenth</ITEM>
<ITEM>The Marque&s;s <HI>Mari,</HI> came from <HI>Florence</HI> in the time of <HI>Urban</HI> the eighth.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<PB N="28" REF="86">
<HEAD><HI>Flemi&s;h</HI> Famalies come to <HI>Rome</HI> upon the &s;ame occa&s;ion of Trade.</HEAD>
<ITEM>Briel, Manuart, Pi&s;cator, Poll, Thys.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD><HI>Portugal</HI> Families, which have e&s;tabli&s;ht them&s;elves by the means of the Datery and Chan|cery.</HEAD>
<ITEM>Aco&s;ta, Berger, Brandani.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Enriquez, Fonzeca, Gomez.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Herrera, Lopes, Nunez.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Vasbrando, Mendez.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<PB N="29" REF="86">
<HEAD><HI>French</HI> Families, which have advanc't them&s;elves by the means of Expedition.</HEAD>
<ITEM>BErbis, Bouyer, Cau&s;e'es,</ITEM>
<ITEM>La Borne, Bailly.</ITEM>
<ITEM>E&s;chinards, Phenices, Valtrins.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<P>All the&s;e Families live upon the Revenue of their Lands, and Lord&s;hips, and of the Rents of Pallaces, Hou&s;es, and of Vineyards, which they have in <HI>Rome,</HI> and about it, and on the Rents a&s;&s;ign'd on the Mounts of the <HI>Pieta, San Spirito,</HI> and others. Al&s;o upon Offices, which are erected for the payment of Debts contracted by the Pope, or Dominion of the Eccle&s;ia&s;tical See, whereof the Rent is paid at &s;o much <HI>per cent;</HI> according unto the conditions which have been made thereupon.</P>
<P>When the Pope hath need of money, for any ur|gent occa&s;ion; after having made the Con&s;i&s;tory of Cardinals acquainted with it; he gives out a Brief, by the which he gives order to the Trea&s;urer General of the State, to publi&s;h; That who&s;oever will give or lend Money to the Chamber, he &s;hall receive accor|dingly, foure, five, or &s;ix <HI>per cent,</HI> according to the quality of the time; And for &s;ecurity of the &s;aid pay|ment, he a&s;&s;ignes a certain piece of Land, which he ingages particularly and generally upon tho&s;e Reve|nues. That debt is called <HI>Monte;</HI> a&s;&s;uming a name
<PB N="30" REF="87"> from the cau&s;e of its erection, or from the Erector; as <HI>Monte della Fede, Monte di Ferrara, Monte Pio.</HI></P>
<P>And lea&s;t debts &s;hould lye confus'd. The Mounts are devided in Place or Portions, that each is worth an hundred crowns; and for each Place, is given a Patent or Obligation: in&s;omuch; that a per&s;on that &s;hall have disbur&s;ed a thou&s;and crowns, &s;hall have ten Patents, which he may make &s;ale of af|terwards a part if he think good; forasmuch as the Prince never payes back the Principal, but payes pun|ctually the intere&s;t of it, as long as the Mount &s;tands.</P>
<P>And the difficulty of placing &s;afely ones money, hath occa&s;ioned that one of tho&s;e Mounts, whereof the Pa|tents are worth an hundred crowns, hath been re-&s;ould even for an hundred and ten, an hundred and twelve, and an hundred and fifteen. But many have nota|bly deceived them&s;elves; for the Prince, having oc|ca&s;ion to &s;uppre&s;&s;e one of tho&s;e Mounts, cau&s;eth no|tice to be given to the Creditors to come and receive their re-imbur&s;ment at &s;uch a Trea&s;urers, re&s;toring for each Patent, the &s;umm therein contained.</P>
<P>When any Prince, or <HI>Roman</HI> Gentleman, hath a mind to errect one of the&s;e Mounts, he asketh permi&s;|&s;ion of the Pope; repre&s;enting unto him his occa&s;i|ons, &amp; offers him the examining of the Stock which he intends to ingage: &s;o that the Pope, finding the bu|&s;ine&s;&s;e ju&s;t and profitable, he becometh their &s;ecuri|ty.</P>
<P>And if the&s;e per&s;ons happen to fail in the payment of the &s;aid Intere&s;ts; his Holine&s;s, after having &s;um|mon'd them with all Formalities of Ju&s;tice, he puts him&s;elf in po&s;&s;e&s;&s;ion of all the E&s;tates which are in|gaged, and payes the &s;aid Rents in his Name, as it hath hapned unto the Duke of <HI>Parma</HI> who had erected a Mount of a Million of Gold, which was a&s;&s;igned
<PB N="31" REF="87"> upon the Dukedomes of <HI>Ca&s;tro</HI> and <HI>Roncilione</HI> neer <HI>Rome</HI> and having faild two or three years, one after another, to pay the Intere&s;t; The Pope &s;ea&s;ed him&s;elf of the Morgaged Dukedomes, which were &s;oon demoli&s;hed &amp; their Inheritance refunded to the Apo&s;tolick Cham|ber, in ca&s;e that the Duke &s;hould not pay the Princi|pal of the &s;aid Mount on the twentieth of <HI>November,</HI> 1657.</P>
<P>The which not having been performed; the Duke hath been deprived of the Government of the &s;aid Dukedomes, which are incorporated a new into the Chamber.</P>
<P>The difference betwixt the Mounts which are the Popes, and tho&s;e which belong to particular Men is; that the Popes are call'd <HI>Camerali,</HI> and the others <HI>Ba|<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">nali.</HI></P>
<P>After having &s;poken of the Government and Fa|milies, and Bourgeo&s;ie of <HI>Rome;</HI> I believe you will <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">&s;ily judge of the Maje&s;ty and Grandeur of the Prince which governs it, by the Authority which he hath over the particular E&s;tates, both in the Spiritu|al and Temporal. As to the Spiritual, over all Ca|tholique Princes and Commonwealths; there is not any which doth not glory in the rendring him Acts of Filial Obedience, as to the Father of Chri&s;tians.</P>
<P>I have been willing, be&s;ides this; to give you a par|ticular knowledge of the Revenue, as well certain, as uncertain, which the Holy See doth enjoy.</P>
<P>The Revenue of the Pope, con&s;i&s;ts in the cu&s;tomes <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters"> <HI>Rome,</HI> and in the Rights and Sub&s;idies follow|ing, <HI>Videlicet.</HI></P>
<P><TABLE>
<ROW>
<CELL>The cu&s;tomes of <HI>Rome</HI> have been u&s;ed to be farm'd to who <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">ds mo&s;t, at the rate of foure|&s;core thou&s;and crowns.</CELL>
<CELL>The fol|lowing &s;ums are of crowns.</CELL>
<CELL>80000.</CELL>
</ROW>
</TABLE></P>
<PB N="32" REF="88">
<P>The Salt of <HI>Rome</HI> is farm'd to who bids mo&s;t, at eighteen thou&s;and crowns, 18000.</P>
<P>The Grinding Toll, or Meal, rated by <HI>Julius</HI> the third, and augmented by his Succe&s;&s;ors, brings in yearly, one hundred twenty eight thou&s;and crowns, 128000.</P>
<P>The Impo&s;t of the money, <HI>Del Quattrino,</HI> for each pound of fle&s;h in <HI>Rome</HI> brings in yearly, twenty five thou&s;and crowns, 25000.</P>
<P>The Impo&s;t of the Wine brings in yearly, thirty thou&s;and crowns, 30000.</P>
<P>The Money <HI>Del Quattrino,</HI> for each pound of Fle&s;h, in the re&s;t of the Eccle&s;ia&s;tical Dominions, brings in yearly, &s;ixty thou&s;and crowns, 60000.</P>
<P>The Office of Po&s;t-ma&s;ter of <HI>Rome,</HI> and of the Eccle&s;ia&s;tical Dominions brings in, twelve thou&s;and crowns. 12000.</P>
<P>The Mines of <HI>Allum</HI> of the <HI>Tol&s;a</HI> bring in, &s;ixty foure thou&s;and crowns, 64000.</P>
<P>Saint <HI>Peters</HI> Penny, or rent, brings in, forty thou|&s;and crowns, 40000.</P>
<P>The Impo&s;t upon Candles in <HI>Rome,</HI> brings in year|ly, &s;ix thou&s;and crowns, 6000.</P>
<P>The Quarter or Trienial Sub&s;idie of the Revenue, which is levied upon Mints, is worth, thirty thou&s;and &s;ix hundred &s;ixty two crowns 30662.</P>
<P>The Trienial Sub&s;idie of the <HI>Marca</HI> of <HI>Ancona,</HI> brings in ninty thou&s;and crowns, 90000.</P>
<P>The Trienial Sub&s;idie of <HI>Rome</HI> and its Province, brings in, eighty thou&s;and crowns, 80000.</P>
<P>The Trienial Sub&s;idie of <HI>Perugia,</HI> and the Pro|vince of <HI>Ombria,</HI> brings in, &s;ixty eight thou&s;and crowns, 68000.</P>
<P>The Trienial Sub&s;idie of the Province of <HI>Romagna,</HI> and the <HI>Maritim</HI> Countries, brings in twenty five thou&s;and crowns, 25000.</P>
<PB N="33" REF="88">
<P>The tax of Hor&s;es in the Province of the Patrimony, brings in three thou&s;and crowns, 3000.</P>
<P>The tax of Hor&s;es of <HI>Romagna,</HI> brings in five thou|&s;and crowns, 5000.</P>
<P><HI>Tivoli,</HI> pays rent yearly, three hundred crowns, 300.</P>
<P>The augmentation of the Trienial Sub&s;idy of the <HI>Marca,</HI> in lieu of the impo&s;t upon Swines fle&s;h, brings in eighteen thou&s;and crowns, 18000.</P>
<P>The &s;ame augmentation in the Province of the <HI>Romagna,</HI> brings in ten thou&s;and crowns, 10000.</P>
<P>The Trienial Sub&s;idy in the Province of the Patri|mony brings in fifteen thou&s;and crowns, 15000.</P>
<P>The augmentation of the &s;ame Sub&s;idy in the &s;aid Provinee, brings in five thou&s;and crowns, 5000.</P>
<P>The <HI>Trea&s;ur&s;hip.</HI> Or Trea&s;ury of the <HI>Marca,</HI> and of the tax of Hor&s;es, brings in eighty thou&s;and crowns, 80000.</P>
<P>The Trea&s;ury of the <HI>Marca</HI> Province, brings in nine|ty thou&s;and crowns, 90000.</P>
<P>The Cu&s;tomes &amp; Trea&s;ury of the Patrimony, 63377. crowns.</P>
<P>The Trea&s;ury of <HI>Camerino,</HI> 36050. crowns.</P>
<P>The Trea&s;ury of <HI>Peruggia</HI> and <HI>Ombria,</HI> brings in year|ly, 203000.</P>
<P>The Trea&s;ury of <HI>A&s;coli,</HI> 90000,</P>
<P>The Trea&s;ury of <HI>Campagna,</HI> 10000.</P>
<P>The Trea&s;uries of <HI>Norcia</HI> and <HI>Ca&s;&s;ia,</HI> which may be worth five hundred crowns a year, are alienated to particular men.</P>
<P>The Trea&s;ur&s;hip of <HI>Benevento,</HI> 4500.</P>
<P>The tax of <HI>Spol<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">to,</HI> 16000.</P>
<P>The cu&s;tomes of <HI>Ancona,</HI> 7000.</P>
<P>The Farming of <HI>Breda,</HI> 3000.</P>
<PB N="34" REF="89">
<P>The Quattrin, for each pound fle&s;h in <HI>Bologna,</HI> is enjoyed by the Town-hou&s;e, or Republick; it may be worth, 20000.</P>
<P>The Trienial Sub&s;idy of <HI>Bologna,</HI> 80000.</P>
<P>The Revenue of the Dukedome of <HI>Urbino,</HI> and that of <HI>Ferrara</HI> all charges borne, brings in anually, 50000.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD>&V;ncertain Revenues.</HEAD>
<P>THe Collection from <HI>Spain</HI> annually, one with another, 40000.</P>
<P>The Collection from <HI>Portugal,</HI> 12000.</P>
<P>That of <HI>Italy,</HI> 20000.</P>
<P>The Permi&s;&s;ion of Impo&s;itions on corn of the <HI>Mar|ca,</HI> 6000.</P>
<P>There were formerly Mounts vacable, which fall|ing by the death of the Po&s;&s;e&s;&s;or or Creditor, were &s;old again by the Pope, and that was worth to him a great deal.</P>
<P>But they have been reduc't to other Mounts not Vacable, by Pope <HI>Alexander</HI> the &s;eventh now reigh|ning; becau&s;e too much profit was allowed.</P>
<P>The <HI>Componenda</HI> yields every month, one with ano|ther, 480<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">0.</P>
<P>For that which is paid in the Chancery, comes not to the Pope, but to divers Offices which his Holine&s;s, or his Predece&s;&s;ors have errected; and which I &s;hall ob&s;erve in the de&s;cription of the Chancery; whence the Offices which happen to fall by the decea&s;e of the Po&s;&s;e&s;&s;ors, they are &s;old again by the Ma&s;ters or Pre|fects
<PB N="35" REF="89"> of the <HI>Componenda,</HI> and that brings in a great deal to the Pope to; as doe al&s;o &s;everal other Right<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> and Levy's, which bring him in con&s;iderable &s;ums.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD>Now let us view the Qualities of all the Popes Officers and Dome&s;ticks.</HEAD>
<P>THe Per&s;on the mo&s;t qualified of the Popes Court and neare&s;t unto him, is Cardinal <HI>Ghigi</HI> his Ne|phew; who bears the Title of Secretary and Com|mi&s;&s;ary General of the State Eccle&s;ia&s;tick, which the <HI>Romans</HI> &s;tile by a particular name of Cardinal <HI>Pa|trone,</HI> He receives every month, 2000. crowns.</P>
<P>Moreover, he hath brought him every day the Parte, which is an Ordnary of Bread, Wine, Salt, Wood, Cole, and Brooms, which may be worth monthly, 342.</P>
<P>The Lord <HI>Don Augu&s;tino Ghigi,</HI> receives every month, as His Holine&s;s his Nephew, be&s;ides the pro|vi&s;ions, as being Lieutenant of the Ca&s;tle of Saint <HI>Angelo,</HI> 60. crowns his part, 105.</P>
<P>The Lord <HI>Don Mario,</HI> as Brother to his Holine&s;s; not reckoning what he receives, as being General of the Holy Church. 87.</P>
<P>His part, 145.</P>
<P>The Cardinal <HI>Ro&s;piglio&s;i,</HI> dwelleth in the Popes Pallace, bearing the Title of Secretary of State, re|ceives 29.</P>
<P>His part 48.</P>
<PB N="36" REF="90">
<P>The Prelate Secretary of the Congregation of <HI>Pro|paganda Fide,</HI> 8.</P>
<P>His part, 10. 15.</P>
<LIST>
<HEAD>The following &s;ums, are of Crowns and Bai|occo's.</HEAD>
<ITEM>The Prelate Secretary of the Congregation of Bi|&s;hops and Regulars, 25.</ITEM>
<ITEM>His part, 43.</ITEM>
<ITEM>The Prelate Secretary of the Con&s;ulta, 40.</ITEM>
<ITEM>His part, 70.</ITEM>
<ITEM>The Secritary of the Briefs, Di&s;pen&s;ations, Indul|gences, and &s;uch like things, 8.</ITEM>
<ITEM>His part, 14.</ITEM>
<ITEM>The Secretary of the Congregation of the Coun|cell, 7.</ITEM>
<ITEM>His part, 12. 80.</ITEM>
<ITEM>The Prelate Secretary of the Congregation, called <HI>De' Riti,</HI> 3.</ITEM>
<ITEM>His part, 7. 60:</ITEM>
<ITEM>The Secretary of the Briefs, addres't to Princes, 14</ITEM>
<ITEM>His part, 25. 25.</ITEM>
<ITEM>The &s;econd secretary of the Ciphers, 7.</ITEM>
<ITEM>His part, 12. 60.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Two Secretaries of the Petitions, 19.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Their part, 31. 30.</ITEM>
<ITEM>A Clarke of Indulgence, 2. 60.</ITEM>
<ITEM>His part, 7. 60.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Another <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> larke of Ciphers, 5.</ITEM>
<ITEM>His part, 9.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<PB N="37" REF="90">
<HEAD>The private Chamberlains, <HI>Participanti,</HI></HEAD>
<ITEM><HI>MOn&s;ignor Ugolini,</HI> Auditor of his Holi|ne&s;&s;e's affair's, 32.</ITEM>
<ITEM>His part, 52. 50.</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Mon&s;ignor Bandin<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">lli,</HI> Ma&s;ter of the Chamber 25.</ITEM>
<ITEM>His part, 45.</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Mon&s;ignor Acarigi,</HI> Cupp-bearer to his Holine&s;s, 30</ITEM>
<ITEM>His part, 52. 50.</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Mon&s;ignor Mini,</HI> The Popes Secretary when Car|dinal, and now Ma&s;ter of the Chamber, unto the Cardinal Nephew, 50.</ITEM>
<ITEM>His part, 52. 50.</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Mon&s;ignor Bon&s;i,</HI> Chamberlain, <HI>Participante,</HI> 30.</ITEM>
<ITEM>His part, 52. 50.</ITEM>
<ITEM>The Ma&s;ter of the Wardrobe, 25.</ITEM>
<ITEM>His part, 37. 50.</ITEM>
<ITEM>The Phy&s;itian in Ordinary, 30.</ITEM>
<ITEM>His part, 52. 50.</ITEM>
<ITEM>There are eight Chamberlins of Honor; called, <HI>Non Participia<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ti</HI> whereof the fir&s;t five have, 150.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Their part, 2<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">2. 50.</ITEM>
<ITEM>There are three others who receive differently, whereof Signor <HI>R<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">dol&s;i</HI> Abbot, 20.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Their part, 35.</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Signor Ale&s;&s;andro Pellino,</HI> 8.</ITEM>
<ITEM>His part, 14.</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Signor Flamminio Valle,</HI> under Wardrobe 25. and
<PB N="38" REF="91"> as Page of the Chamber unto his Holine&s;&s;e, 8.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Three more Pages of the Chamber unto his Holi|ne&s;&s;e, 45.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Their parts, 78.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Foure Chaplins in ordinary, 80.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Their part, 140.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Six Chaplins for the Hou&s;hold, 27.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Their parts, 45. 60.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Two Privy Clarks, 9.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Their part, 15. 20.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Eighteen <HI>Bu&s;&s;olanti,</HI> or Guards of the Chamber of Pre&s;ence. 81.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Their part, 76.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Ten Chamberlins call'd <HI>Extramuros,</HI> 46.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Their part, 76.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Nineteen Squires, 84 50.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Their Parts, 146. 60.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>The Offices of the Popes Chap|pel.</HEAD>
<ITEM><HI>MOn&s;ignor;</HI> the Ve&s;try Keeper, 9.</ITEM>
<ITEM>His part, 15. 20.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Two under Ve&s;try-keepers, 9.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Their part, 15. 20.</ITEM>
<ITEM>One under Clarke, 2.</ITEM>
<ITEM>His part, 5.</ITEM>
<ITEM>A Clarke belonging to the Mu&s;ick, 2.</ITEM>
<ITEM>His part 5.</ITEM>
<ITEM>The keeper of the Pictures, 2. 50.</ITEM>
<ITEM>His part, 5.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<PB N="39" REF="91">
<HEAD>The Officers of <HI>Daterie,</HI> to whom His Holyne&s;s gives Salary.</HEAD>
<ITEM>THe Cardinal <HI>Datary,</HI> 40.</ITEM>
<ITEM>His part, 70.</ITEM>
<ITEM>The Subatary, 20.</ITEM>
<ITEM>His Parte, 35.</ITEM>
<ITEM>The <HI>Per Obitum,</HI> 4. 50.</ITEM>
<ITEM>His Part, 9.</ITEM>
<ITEM>The Prelate deputed over the <HI>Conce&s;&s;um,</HI> 7.</ITEM>
<ITEM>His Part, 12. 50.</ITEM>
<ITEM>The Perfect over the <HI>Componenda</HI>'s, 6.</ITEM>
<ITEM>His Part, 10. 50.</ITEM>
<ITEM>The <HI>Summi&s;te,</HI> who is he that di&s;tributes the Pe|titions &s;igned in the Regi&s;tre, 5.</ITEM>
<ITEM>His Part, 8. 60.</ITEM>
<ITEM>The Sub&s;itute of the Pre&s;ident of the Plomb. 4.</ITEM>
<ITEM>His Part, 7. 60.</ITEM>
<ITEM>The Regi&s;trator of the Plomb. 4.</ITEM>
<ITEM>His Part, 7. 60.</ITEM>
<ITEM>The Writer call'd of the <HI>Demi&s;tis,</HI> 1. 30.</ITEM>
<ITEM>His Part, 6.</ITEM>
<ITEM>The Chief Revi&s;or of the Petitions, as to mat|ters concerning Benefices, 4.</ITEM>
<ITEM>His Part, 7. 50.</ITEM>
<ITEM>The &s;econd Revi&s;or, 6.</ITEM>
<ITEM>His Part, 10. 50.</ITEM>
<ITEM>The Revi&s;or, as to Matrimonial Affairs, 3.</ITEM>
<ITEM>His Part, 6.</ITEM>
<ITEM>The two Writers of the Petty Dates, 6.</ITEM>
<ITEM>The Part, 12.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<PB N="40" REF="92">
<HEAD>The Officers which look to the Chamber of the Conci&s;tory.</HEAD>
<ITEM>TWo Warders of the Hall of the Conci&s;tory, 5. 40.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Their Part, 12.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Two Warders of the Iron-Gate, 9.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Their Part, 15.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Two Warders of the fir&s;t Gate of the Chain, 8.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Their Part, 15.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Two Warders of the &s;econd Chain, 5. 60.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Their Part, 12.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Two Ma&s;ter Sui&s;&s;ers of the Red Rod, 5. 60.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Their Part, 12.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Two Sui&s;&s;ers Warders, 6. 80.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Their Part, 12.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Two Cur&s;ors Warders, 9. 60,</ITEM>
<ITEM>Their part, 15.</ITEM>
<ITEM>The Keeper of the Regi&s;ter of the Bull's, 1. 50.</ITEM>
<ITEM>His Part, 6.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<PB N="41" REF="92">
<HEAD>The Officers of the Trea&s;ury, which receive Pen&s;ion from His Holine&s;s.</HEAD>
<ITEM><HI>MOn&s;ignor,</HI> the Trea&s;urer, 24.</ITEM>
<ITEM>His Part, 42.</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Mon&s;ignor,</HI> the Pre&s;ident, 4.</ITEM>
<ITEM>His part, 15.</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Mon&s;ignor,</HI> the Commi&s;&s;ary General, 8. 25.</ITEM>
<ITEM>His part, 15.</ITEM>
<ITEM>The Comptrouler, who keeps the Books of Ac|counts, 10.</ITEM>
<ITEM>His Part, 18.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Another Comptrouler, 5.</ITEM>
<ITEM>His part, 8.</ITEM>
<ITEM>One Mea&s;urer. 1.</ITEM>
<ITEM>His Part, 6.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>The Officers of the Library.</HEAD>
<ITEM>THe Prefect of the Regi&s;ters, 4.</ITEM>
<ITEM>His Part, 9.</ITEM>
<ITEM>The Chief Library Keeper, 10.</ITEM>
<ITEM>His part, 17. 50.</ITEM>
<PB N="42" REF="93">
<ITEM>The Sub-Library Keeper, 7.</ITEM>
<ITEM>His part, 12. 50.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Two Latin Writers, 8.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Their Part, 14:</ITEM>
<ITEM>Three Greek Writers, 12.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Their part, 21.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Two Hebrew Writers, <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Their part, 14.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Two other Hebrew Writers, 3.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Their part, 8.</ITEM>
<ITEM>The Printer to the Chamber, 3.</ITEM>
<ITEM>His part, 6.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Two Sweepers, 2.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Their part, 9.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>The Chief Officers of the Court.</HEAD>
<ITEM><HI>MOn&s;ignor,</HI> the Chief Steward, 60,</ITEM>
<ITEM>His part, 105.</ITEM>
<ITEM>The Ma&s;ter Steward, 15.</ITEM>
<ITEM>His part, 27.</ITEM>
<ITEM>The Comptrowller, 8. 30.</ITEM>
<ITEM>His Part 14.</ITEM>
<ITEM>The Sub-Comptrowller, 6.</ITEM>
<ITEM>His part, 10. 50.</ITEM>
<ITEM>A Reverend Father, Ma&s;ter of the Sacred Palace, who is a Jacobin Monk, deputed for the Revi&s;ing of Books both Printed, and to be Printed, 8.</ITEM>
<ITEM>His part, 14.</ITEM>
<ITEM>The Deputy, who hath care of the Altar, where his Holyne&s;s doth Celebrate at, 3.</ITEM>
<ITEM>His Part, 7. 60.</ITEM>
<ITEM>The Keeper of the Records of the Ca&s;tle, 10.</ITEM>
<ITEM>His part, 17. 60.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<PB N="43" REF="93">
<HEAD>The Inferiour Officers of the Court.</HEAD>
<ITEM>THe Hou&s;e Keeper, 7. 50.</ITEM>
<ITEM>His Part, 13.</ITEM>
<ITEM>The Privy Butler, and his A&s;&s;i&s;tants, 8.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Their Part, 14.</ITEM>
<ITEM>The Privy Cook, and his A&s;&s;ociates, 15</ITEM>
<ITEM>Their Part, 27.</ITEM>
<ITEM>The privy Pantler, 10.</ITEM>
<ITEM>His Part, 18, <HI>Upon which he mu&s;t keep a Servant.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Privy Purvoyer, 7.</ITEM>
<ITEM>His Part, 12.</ITEM>
<ITEM>The Privy Baker, 3. 30.</ITEM>
<ITEM>His Part, 6.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<P>The&s;e Privy Officers, are tho&s;e who work &s;olely for the Popes own Mouth.</P>
<LIST>
<ITEM>The Deputy over the Common Cellour, and his A&s;&s;i&s;tants, 10.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Their Part, 17. 50.</ITEM>
<ITEM>The four Sweepers, 18.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Their part, 30.</ITEM>
<ITEM>The Chief Baker, 4. 50.</ITEM>
<ITEM>His part, 7. 60.</ITEM>
<ITEM>There are three more, 9.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Their part, 18.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Two A&s;&s;i&s;tants, 4. 60.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Their part, 12.</ITEM>
<ITEM>And another Supernumeray, 1. 50.</ITEM>
<PB N="44" REF="94">
<ITEM>His part, 4. 50.</ITEM>
<ITEM>The Court Purveyer, 4.</ITEM>
<ITEM>His part, 7. 60.</ITEM>
<ITEM>The Sub-Hou&s;e-Keeper, 1. 50.</ITEM>
<ITEM>His part, 6. 50.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Two Pantlers, 4. 80.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Their part, 12.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Their A&s;&s;i&s;tant, 1. 50.</ITEM>
<ITEM>His part, 4. 50.</ITEM>
<ITEM>The Common Buyer, 3.</ITEM>
<ITEM>His part, 6. 50.</ITEM>
<ITEM>He that looks to the wood, 1. 50.</ITEM>
<ITEM>His part, 4. 20.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Two Aveners, 2. 20.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Their part, 9.</ITEM>
<ITEM>The Hay-Keeper, 2. 20.</ITEM>
<ITEM>His part, 4. 50.</ITEM>
<ITEM>The Keeper of the wax, 3.</ITEM>
<ITEM>His part, 5. 50.</ITEM>
<ITEM>He who looks to the Fountains, 12:</ITEM>
<ITEM>His part, 20.</ITEM>
<ITEM>The Cook of the Family, 3.</ITEM>
<ITEM>His part, 6.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Four Porters of Burdens, 4.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Their part, 18.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Fourteen Sweepers mote belonging to the Court, and Wood Carriers, 16. 80.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Their part, 6.</ITEM>
<ITEM>The Ma&s;ters of the Mules, 3.</ITEM>
<ITEM>His part, 7. 50.</ITEM>
<ITEM>He that delivers out the Coles, 1. 50.</ITEM>
<ITEM>His part, 6.</ITEM>
<ITEM>The Bell-Ringer at <HI>St. Peters.</HI> 1. 20.</ITEM>
<ITEM>His part, 6.</ITEM>
<ITEM>The Poulterer, 1. 50.</ITEM>
<PB N="45" REF="94">
<ITEM>His part, 5.</ITEM>
<ITEM>The Pantler, belonging to the Family, 2. 50.</ITEM>
<ITEM>His part, 6. 50.</ITEM>
<ITEM>The Butler for the Poor, 1. 50.</ITEM>
<ITEM>His part, 5.</ITEM>
<ITEM>A Woman called the Prior<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="MURP" EXTENT="1 letter">&s;s of <HI>Santa Martha,</HI> which is an Ho&s;pital of the Sick belonging to the Court, 1. 80.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Her part, 5.</ITEM>
<ITEM>The Weigher of Bread, 3.</ITEM>
<ITEM>His part, 6.</ITEM>
<ITEM>The Common Landrer, 3. 50.</ITEM>
<ITEM>His part, 6. 70.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Four Mule Grooms of the Court, 17. 20.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Their part, 22.</ITEM>
<ITEM>The Over-&s;eer of the Privy Cellar, and his A&s;|&s;i&s;tants, 9. 60.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Their Part, 16.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Two Water-Bearers, 5.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Their part, 11.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Two Deputies for di&s;tributing of Almes, 4. 80.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Their part, 11.</ITEM>
<ITEM>The Porter of <HI>St. Peter</HI>'s, 1: 50.</ITEM>
<ITEM>His part, 5.</ITEM>
<ITEM>The Ma&s;ter, or Over-&s;eer of the Stables, 6.</ITEM>
<ITEM>His part, 10. 50.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Two Coach-men of the Popes, 9.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Their part, 15. 20.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Two Po&s;t<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">llions, 7.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Their part, 12.</ITEM>
<ITEM>The Coach-man belonging to the Family. 3. 60.</ITEM>
<ITEM>His part, 6.</ITEM>
<ITEM>The Keeper of the <HI>Con&s;ulta,</HI> 2. 50.</ITEM>
<ITEM>His part, 6.</ITEM>
<ITEM>The Keeper of the Ca&s;tle <HI>Gandolfo,</HI> 6.</ITEM>
<PB N="46" REF="95">
<ITEM>His part, 10. 50.</ITEM>
<ITEM>The Ma&s;ter Gardner, 4.</ITEM>
<ITEM>His part, 7. 50.</ITEM>
<ITEM>The Gardner of <HI>Belvedere,</HI> 2.</ITEM>
<ITEM>His part, <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">6.</ITEM>
<ITEM>He who looks to the Clocks, 12.</ITEM>
<ITEM>His part, <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">8.</ITEM>
<ITEM>A Sweeper of the Stables, 2. 50.</ITEM>
<ITEM>His part, 6.</ITEM>
<ITEM>The Cook belonging to the Poor, 1. 50.</ITEM>
<ITEM>His part, 6.</ITEM>
<ITEM>The Grooms of the Stables, 21.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Their part, 63.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>The Phy&s;itians of the Court.</HEAD>
<ITEM>THe two Phy&s;itians belonging to the Court, 9.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Their part, 15.</ITEM>
<ITEM>They are grati&s;ied over and above with two Crowns a piece, 4.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Another A&s;&s;i&s;tant, an Inferiour Phy&s;itian, 2. 25.</ITEM>
<ITEM>His part, 6.</ITEM>
<ITEM>The Apotheca<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">y, 4. 60.</ITEM>
<ITEM>His part, 7. 60.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Two Chyrurgions, 6.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Their part, 15.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<PB N="47" REF="95">
<HEAD>Several other per&s;ons belonging to the Court.</HEAD>
<ITEM>THe Father Confe&s;&s;or, 20.</ITEM>
<ITEM>The Father <HI>Oliva,</HI> 12.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Their part, 40.</ITEM>
<ITEM>The Father <HI>Agu&s;tin de la Valle,</HI> 4. 50.</ITEM>
<ITEM>His part, 7. 60.</ITEM>
<ITEM>The Ordinary Almner, 6.</ITEM>
<ITEM>His part, 10, 16.</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Signor Octavio Maffei,</HI> without any Title, 6.</ITEM>
<ITEM>His part, 10. 50.</ITEM>
<ITEM>The Privy Trea&s;urer, 15.</ITEM>
<ITEM>His part, 20.</ITEM>
<ITEM>His A&s;&s;i&s;tant, or Deputy, 3.</ITEM>
<ITEM>His part, 7. 60.</ITEM>
<ITEM>A Painter, 4. 500.</ITEM>
<ITEM>His part, 7. 60.</ITEM>
<ITEM>A Chaplain of the Euchari&s;t, 1. 20.</ITEM>
<ITEM>His part, 7. 60.</ITEM>
<ITEM>An Embroideror, 6.</ITEM>
<ITEM>His part, 10. 60.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Five other Per&s;ons without any Title, 25.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Their part, 50.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<PB N="48" REF="96">
<HEAD>The E&s;taffiers, or Yeomen-Waiters.</HEAD>
<ITEM>THe Senior of the E&s;taffiers, 3.</ITEM>
<ITEM>His part, 6.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Another E&s;taffier of the Old Family of the Popes, whil&s;t he was Cardinal, 3.</ITEM>
<ITEM>His part, 6.</ITEM>
<ITEM>One and forty E&s;taffiers, 123.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Their part, 246.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Two Officers belonging to the Common Table, 6.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Their part, 12</ITEM>
<ITEM>A Chaplain belonging to the common Table, 3.</ITEM>
<ITEM>His part, 6.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Four Sedan-Men, 24.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Their part, 40.</ITEM>
<ITEM>A Common Clerk, for his Wages, and his whole part, 8.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<P>Be&s;ides the Fore-mentioned Wages, the Pope fails not to be&s;tow upon &s;uch as he hath a kindne&s;s for, one of the Pen&s;ions <HI>Ad Sexen<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ium,</HI> which he re&s;erv's for them, upon all the <HI>Ben<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">fices</HI> in <HI>Spain,</HI> which exceed fifty crowns <HI>per Annum.</HI> The &s;aid Pen&s;ion being u&s;ually the th<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="MURP" EXTENT="2 letters">d part of the Revenue, &s;ome of which extend &s;ometimes to the &s;um of two thou&s;and crowns.</P>
<P>For the better Under&s;tanding what the Officers are, which belong to the Apo&s;tolick Chamber, I thought it nece&s;&s;ary to de&s;cribe their Function.</P>
<PB N="49" REF="96">
<P>The Officers of the Chamber A&s;&s;emble them&s;elves twice a week, Namely, Munday and Fryday, and tho&s;e dayes that there is any Conci&s;tory kept.</P>
<P>The Cardinal which is called the <HI>Camerlengo</HI> is Pre&s;ident of it, A&s;&s;i&s;ted by the Governour of <HI>Rome,</HI> who hath fo<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> an Addition unto the Office of Go|vernour, the Title of Vice <HI>Camerlengo&punc; Mon&s;ignor</HI> the Trea&s;urer General. <HI>Mon&s;ignor</HI> the Auditor of the Chamber, and twelve Clarks of the Chamber, whereof the one is ever a Perfect, or Commi&s;&s;ary over the Corn, and Publick Granaries, another over other kind of Victuals, another over the Pri&s;ons, an|other over the Wayes, or Streets.</P>
<P>Their Juri&s;diction extends over matters where the Intere&s;t of the Chamber is concern'd, as Contracts of Farming of the Revenues of the Holy See. The Trea&s;urers of the Eccle&s;ia&s;tical State, of Cau&s;es be|longing to Corporations. Of the Spoils of Prie&s;ts decea&s;ed out of the Re&s;idence of their Benefices. Of Cau&s;es of Accounts, and Audits with Officers and Mini&s;ters of State, over the Coynes and their Value, over Appeals of Sentences, of the Ma&s;ters over the High-Wayes, or Streets; Over the Affairs of Cu&s;tomes, Taxes, Impo&s;itions, and the like.</P>
<P>The <HI>Camerlingal,</HI> or <HI>Chamberlin-&s;hip,</HI> is given for life to a Cardinal Nephew of the Popes, or unto a great Favorite: Be&s;ides his Authority before &s;peci|fied, during the Popedome; He hath al&s;o Soveraign Authority all the <HI>Sede Vacante</HI> long, cau&s;ing moni<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters"> to be &s;tampt in his Name, and other things apper|taining unto Soveraign Dignity.</P>
<P>The Auditor-&s;hip of the Chamber, is purcha&s;ed u&s;ually at four&s;core thou&s;and crowns, and is worth Twelve thou&s;and crowns a year. I have &s;et forth his Authority in the Relation of the Courts of Ju&s;tice</P>
<PB N="50" REF="97">
<P>The Trea&s;urer purcha&s;es his Place at three&s;core and four thou&s;and crowns, and it brings him in near upon twelve or thirteen <HI>per cent.</HI> He hath great power over all the Mounts, as well &s;uch as are due by the Chamber, as by <HI>Roman</HI> Lords, having Au|thority to make Extractions from them, that is to &s;ay, when the Debtors have a mind to acquit them|&s;elves of a part of their Debts, to Nominate tho&s;e to whom the Principal Stock is to be re&s;tored.</P>
<P>The Pre&s;ident of the Chamber, purcha&s;es his place at near upon thirty thou&s;and crowns, and im|proves it at the rate of ten <HI>per cent.</HI> It is he who a&s;&s;i&s;ts and pre&s;ides almo&s;t alwayes at the Auditing of the accounts of the Officers.</P>
<P>The Clarks of the Chamber, purcha&s;e their places at two and forty thou&s;and crowns.</P>
<P>They are in a manner Coun&s;ellors and A&s;&s;e&s;&s;o<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="MURP" EXTENT="2 letters"> unto the Cardinal <HI>Camerlengo;</HI> and they make o<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="MURP" EXTENT="1 letter"> them near upon ten <HI>per cent.</HI></P>
<P>The other Offices are given <HI>Gratis.</HI></P>
<P>There are eight Notaries, or Scriveners, who pur|cha&s;e their places at a matter of twelve thou&s;and crowns.</P>
<LIST>
<HEAD>The Legations and Government of the Eccle&s;ia&s;tical State.</HEAD>
<ITEM>THe Legate of <HI>Romagna,</HI> hath for allowance an|nually, 3000. crowns.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Of <HI>Bologna,</HI> 5000.</ITEM>
<PB N="51" REF="97">
<ITEM>Of <HI>Avignon,</HI> 10000.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Of <HI>Urbino,</HI> 5000.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Of <HI>Ferrara,</HI> 5000.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<P>And with the <HI>Perqui&s;ites,</HI> there is not any but makes it above fifteen or &s;ixteen thou&s;and crowns.</P>
<LIST>
<ITEM>The Governour of <HI>Rome</HI> hath yearly, 3000.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Of <HI>Campagna,</HI> 600.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Of <HI>Camerino,</HI> 500.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Of <HI>A&s;coli,</HI> 600.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Of <HI>Benevento,</HI> 580.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Of <HI>Peruggia,</HI> 700.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Of <HI>Ce&s;ena,</HI> 300.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Of <HI>Rimini,</HI> 344.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Of <HI>Forli,</HI> 244.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Of <HI>Faenza,</HI> 144.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Of <HI>Valdignori,</HI> 144.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Of <HI>Carvia,</HI> 300.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Of <HI>Fano,</HI> 360.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Of <HI>Ancona,</HI> 600.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Of <HI>Macerata,</HI> 1200.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Of <HI>Je&s;i,</HI> 500.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Of <HI>Spoleto,</HI> 600.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Of <HI>Terni,</HI> 180.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Of <HI>Narni,</HI> 396.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Of <HI>Orvieto,</HI> 250.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Of the Abby of <HI>Farfa,</HI> 300.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Of <HI>Foligno,</HI> 600.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Of <HI>A&s;&s;i&s;i,</HI> 240.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Of <HI>Rieti,</HI> 240.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Of <HI>Norcia,</HI> 360.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Of <HI>Ca&s;cia,</HI> 180.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Of <HI>Vi&s;&s;e,</HI> 700.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Of <HI>Subiaco,</HI> 300.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Of the Abby of <HI>Ferentella,</HI> 200.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Of <HI>Citta di Ca&s;tello,</HI> 500.</ITEM>
<PB N="52" REF="98" MS="y">
<ITEM>Of <HI>San Severino,</HI> 400.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Of <HI>Montalto,</HI> 400.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Of <HI>Fermo,</HI> 1000.</ITEM>
</LIST>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD>Of the Daterie, or Office where the Popes Bulls are di&s;patcht, and of the Chancery.</HEAD>
<P>THe Chancery of <HI>Rome,</HI> hath &s;uch a Corre&s;|pondence with the Datery, that there is not any thing pa&s;&s;eth that which hath not pa&s;&s;ed in the other; There are, notwith&s;tanding &s;everal matte<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> which pa&s;s not out of the Daterie into the Chan|cery,</P>
<P>As Namely, the Expeditions of the Benefices i<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> <HI>France</HI> which are not in Royal Nomination, &amp; which are Executed by the Popes bare &s;igning at the bottom of the Petitions, or the Reque&s;ts which are made him. The Di&s;pen&s;ations <HI>(In Secundo gradu,)</HI> Ab&s;olutions, Commutations of Vowes, and others of the like Nature, which are di&s;pach't by the Secretary of the Breifs, which is called in the Court of <HI>Rome, P<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters"> Viam Secretam.</HI></P>
<P>The Foundation upon which all this Structure doth re&s;t, next unto the Pope, is the <HI>Datario,</HI> who hath been wont u&s;ually to be a Prelate, but at pre|&s;ent Cardinal <HI>Corrado</HI> is he, and by rea&s;on of that he is &s;tiled <HI>Prodatario.</HI></P>
<P>For the better under&s;tanding of all in Order, <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">
<PB N="53" REF="98"> will not be from the purpo&s;e, to de&s;cribe the manner that is u&s;ed throughout the whole Expedition of a a Benefice.</P>
<P>Fir&s;t if the Benefice be vacant by the Decea&s;e of the Incumbent; You mu&s;t go to the <HI>Per Obitum,</HI> a per&s;on &s;tiled from the Function of his Office, which is as the Sub&s;titute of the <HI>Datario;</HI> And you mu&s;t not forget to appear before the <HI>Datario</HI> him&s;elf. In all other Graces, your Addre&s;s mu&s;t be to the <HI>Datari<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"></HI> him&s;elf, and <HI>Sub-Datario;</HI> And after that you are a&s;&s;ured by the word of the <HI>Datario;</HI> by a Re&s;cript, which he makes upon the fir&s;t Petition which hath been pre&s;ented him; In the&s;e Terms <HI>Annuit San|cti&s;&s;imus.</HI> The Petition mu&s;t be fram'd in form, with all the Clau&s;es and Re&s;trictions, which are de|&s;ired, &s;hould be enlarged in the Bull; Then carry it to the <HI>Sub-Datario,</HI> or to the <HI>Per Obitum,</HI> who writes at the bottom in a few words, the contents of the &s;ame, and then delivers it to the <HI>Datario,</HI> informing him a new of all the Bu&s;ine&s;s; Afterwards the <HI>Da|tario</HI> carries the &s;ame Petition to the Pope, who &s;igns it, granting the reque&s;t in the&s;e words, <HI>Fiat ut P<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">|titur.</HI></P>
<P>Afterwards the <HI>Datario</HI> him&s;elf, or his Sub&s;titutes con&s;ign that Petition unto the Prefect of the <HI>Com|ponenda</HI>'s, and if there be any fee belonging to it, <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">e taxes it according to the quality of the mat|ter.</P>
<P>This Petition is afterwards con&s;igned to an Of|ficer, who is called by the Name of petty Dates, who&s;e care is to know the day that the <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">eque&s;t was granted on, and to write it down at the bottom.</P>
<P>It pa&s;&s;eth after that through the hands of the Chief Revi&s;or, who puts out, or Corrects the words and clau&s;es which he finds are not to purpo&s;e.</P>
<PB N="54" REF="99">
<P>From the Chief Revi&s;or, it pa&s;&s;eth to a &s;econd, who doth the like, to correct and alter what is ne|ce&s;&s;ary.</P>
<P>All the Offices forementioned, here are given <HI>ad Beneplacitum Ponti&s;icis,</HI> excepting that of the pre|fect of the <HI>Componenda</HI>'s, which is purcha&s;ed at &s;ix|teen thou&s;and crowns.</P>
<P>Then again is this Petition carried to the Regi|&s;trator, who writes it in his Regi&s;ter-Book.</P>
<P>The Regi&s;trators are twenty, and purcha&s;e their Place or Office, at three thou&s;and crowns a man.</P>
<P>After that it hath been con&s;igned in the Grand Regi&s;ter-Book, he examines it, <HI>de verbo, ad ver|bum.</HI></P>
<P>There are &s;ix Ma&s;ters of the Regi&s;ter, who pur|cha&s;e their Offices at &s;ix thou&s;and crowns a piece.</P>
<P>This Petition, or Reque&s;t, being gone out of the hands of the Ma&s;ter of the Regi&s;ter with all its For|malites of the <HI>Datarie,</HI> it is brought into the Chan|cery by an Officer deputed to that purpo&s;e.</P>
<P>Formerly the Office of Chancellour was ever confirmed upon a Cardinal, but &s;ince, a Pope ha|ving inve&s;ted a Canon of <HI>Lateran</HI> therewith, he a&s;&s;u|med the Name of <HI>Vicem Agens Cancellarii,</HI> who is at this day called Vice Chancellour. The &s;ame af|terwards returned again unto the Cardinals, by rea|&s;on that one of the Vice Chancellours was promoted to the degree of Cardinal; who be&s;ought his Ho|line&s;s, that He who &s;hould hold the &s;aid Office, might continue the Name of Vice Chancellour, which is accordingly done till this very pre&s;ent.</P>
<P>The Chancellour did exerci&s;e al&s;o formerly the Office of <HI>Datario,</HI> but tho&s;e two Offices have been di&s;tingui&s;ht and &s;ever'd even from <HI>Azignon,</HI> by rea&s;on of the condition of Affairs.</P>
<PB N="55" REF="99" MS="y">
<P>The Office of Vice Chancellour is given <HI>Ad vi|tam,</HI> it is worth eighteen or twenty thou&s;and crowns a year.</P>
<P>The Chancellour him&s;elf hath Juri&s;diction over all the Officers of the Chancery, but not being wil|ling to take that trouble upon him, he gives that commi&s;&s;ion to the Regent of the Chancery, which is an Office, which is &s;old for two and twenty thou&s;and crowns, and which falling by death is in the Chan|cellours gift.</P>
<P>The Regent of the Chancery, hath Authority to deliver the Petitions, which come from the <HI>Datario,</HI> unto one of the Prelates <HI>Abbreviatori de Parco Ma|jori,</HI> to take the Scedule of the Bull's, to &s;uffer them to be corrected, when they are in his cu&s;tody, and to appoint the Execution of them to whom he &s;hould think be&s;t.</P>
<P>But to return to the &s;equel of the Expedition, The Petition being, as hath been already expre&s;t; come into the hands of the Regent, he delivers it to one of the &s;aid Prelates of <HI>Parco Majori,</HI> which are twelve, and purcha&s;e their Offices each of them at twelve thou&s;and crowns, and make of them a matter of twelve, thirteen or fourteen <HI>per cent.</HI> This Prelate &s;ets to his Petition the &s;cedule of the Bull (and that by his Sub&s;titute which Acts under him;) which is con&s;igned to an Apo&s;tolick Notary, for to be co|pied in Parchment.</P>
<P>After that, this Bull is carried to the&s;e Notaries Office, which are one hundred, and purcha&s;e their Offices at two thou&s;and two hundred crowns; And tho&s;e are they who tax which is to be paid them, at the Rate at which the Benefice is worth, o<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> the concern of the bu&s;ine&s;s.</P>
<P>After which it is brought unto other Officers, who
<PB N="56" REF="100"> have no other Jurisdiction but to receive the money for it, becau&s;e that tho&s;e Offices are of Alienations of <HI>Annata</HI>'s, which the Popes have made, having need of Moneys; and the&s;e Offices are called, &s;ome of them <HI>Cubiculares</HI> of the Holy Father; Others, Knights of St. <HI>Paul,</HI> Knights of the Lillies, Knights <HI>Pious,</HI> Knights of <HI>Lo<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">eto.</HI> There are twelve of each Quality, and do purcha&s;e tho&s;e Offices; &s;ome at fifteen hundred crowns, others at two thou&s;and crowns, and others again at four thou&s;and crowns, and make of them eight in the hundred, and &s;ome|times more, according as there are bu&s;ine&s;&s;es to be di&s;pach't.</P>
<P>After that this Bull hath pa&s;t through all the&s;e hands, it returns to a Sub&s;titute of the Abreviators, be&s;ides him who made the &s;cedule, who having per|u&s;ed it, whether any thing be faulty, gets it &s;igned by his Prelate; and that is called the &s;ending of the Bull to the Piombo, that is to the Lead.</P>
<P>The Prefect, who&s;e Office hath Authority over tho&s;e of the Piombo (which is the Seal that is affix't unto the Bulls) purcha&s;eth his Office, at the Rate of two thou&s;and crowns, or thereabouts, and is worth him three thou&s;and five hundred crowns a year. In that Office of the Piombo, there are Officers called, <HI>Regi&s;ters of the Bul</HI>'s, who Record them in their Regi&s;ters. They are &s;ix of them, and each pur|cha&s;eth his Office at fifteen hundred crowns.</P>
<P>Moreover there are Ma&s;ters of the Regi&s;ter of the Bulls, who have care of Examining of them, and to endor&s;e the <HI>Regi&s;trata.</HI> They are &s;ix of them, and purcha&s;e their Offices at &s;ix thou&s;and crowns.</P>
<P>Then there is the <HI>Piombato<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">e,</HI> who&s;e Office is worth a thou&s;and crowns, and his duty is to fa&s;ten the Seal of Lead to the Bulls, with a &s;ilk &s;tring, or a
<PB N="57" REF="100"> pacthred, according as the matter requires.</P>
<P>In Fine, there is the Keeper of the Regi&s;ter, who purcha&s;eth his Office at three thou&s;and crowns, who&s;e duty is to give an Authentick and Valuable Coppy of the Balls, which happen to be lo&s;t through negligence, or misfortune.</P>
<P>It is to be ob&s;erved that the Affaires of Di&s;pen&s;a|tions of Marriage in the fourth degree, the In|<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">lts, or perpetual Indulgences pa&s;s not through the hands of the afore&s;aid Officers, but there are others of the &s;ame Quality, who perform the &s;ame Duty, and are called <HI>Scriptores de M<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">ori, Abbreviatores &amp; Pr<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">uratores de M<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ori;</HI> whereof there are twelve of each, and do purcha&s;e their places at four thou&s;and crowns. The Remainder of the Expedition pa&s;&s;eth through the &s;ame hands as the Matters concerning Benefices.</P>
<P>The Pope hath the Right of Di&s;po&s;ing of all the Benefices of <HI>Italy, Spain, Portugal, Poland,</HI> over tho&s;e of &s;ome Bi&s;hopricks in <HI>Germany,</HI> of all <HI>Flan|ders,</HI> the Catholick <HI>Suc&s;&s;es, Lorrain, Savoy, Brittany,</HI> And the County of <HI>Bo<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">gogne,</HI> excepting out of <HI>Italy</HI> the Bi&s;hopricks, Abbies and Royal Foundations or Patronages, for eight months in the Year; But his Holyne&s;s is Accu&s;tomed to grant to the Bi&s;hops Re|&s;ident in their Bi&s;hopricks, the <HI>Alternativa,</HI> that is to &s;ay, that the Pope gives two of the eight months to the &s;aid Bi&s;hop, and &s;o re&s;erves &s;ix to him|&s;elf.</P>
<P>It is ob&s;ervable; that over the Benefices of <HI>Spain, Portugal</HI> and <HI>Italy,</HI> which are not in conte&s;t, that ex|ceed not thirty Ducats a year: The Pope is accu&s;tom|ed to lay a Pen&s;ion for &s;ix years, and that Pen&s;ion is u&s;ually a&s;&s;ign'd to &s;ome one of his Dome&s;ticks, or Relations, or of his Familiars, who are that way re|compenced
<PB N="58" REF="101"> for their &s;ervices; each of them receiving two or three of the &s;aid Pen&s;ions yearly, greater or &s;maller, according to the qualities of the Benefices; the &s;aid Pen&s;ions, being a third of the remainder of the Revenue, which exceeds thirty Ducats.</P>
<P>It is further ob&s;ervable, that the <HI>Annata,</HI> whereof I have &s;poken before) is paid in Chancery, namely of all Benefices which exceed twenty foure Ducats a year. This <HI>Annata</HI> is a years Revenue, or fir&s;t Fruits.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD>Of the Congregations.</HEAD>
<P>IT hath been the Cu&s;tome in the Court of <HI>Rome,</HI> to decide all Affaires, by the means of certain Con|gregations of Cardinals and Prelats, Deputed by his Holine&s;s; each Congregation hath its &s;everal bu&s;i|ne&s;&s;e, new ones being erected, according as the times require; and them they put down, when no longer nece&s;&s;ary.</P>
<P>The fir&s;t is, That which they call of the Holy Of|fice, or of the Inqui&s;ition made up of twelve or more Cardinals, according as the Popes plea&s;ure is; &s;eve|ral Prelats and Clergy-men of &s;everal religious Or|ders, who all bear Title of Con&s;ulters of the Inqui|&s;ition; a Cardinal is chief of them, and keeps the Seal.</P>
<P>There is the Congregation of Bi&s;hops and Regu|lars, the Juri&s;diction of whom extends to the differ|ences which ari&s;e twixt the Bi&s;hops and &s;uch as are under them; and al&s;o twixt the Monks, and the Reli|gious
<PB N="59" REF="101"> under them; and to an&s;wer to the con&s;ultations which the Bi&s;hops make. Several Cardinals &s;it there, who have one more experienc'd than the re&s;t, for their Chief.</P>
<P>The Congregation for the Eccle&s;ia&s;tical Immunity, hath been erected for to take notice, whether &s;uch Delinquents ought to enjoy that Immunity; That is, whether one ought to receive them into the Church or not, then when they are f<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">lln from it.</P>
<P>Ther are &s;everall Cardinals of it; one Clark of the Chamber; one Auditor of the Role; and one Re|ferendary.</P>
<P>The Congregation of the Councel, is for the expl<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">|cation of the Councel of <HI>Trent;</HI> it is made up of &s;eve|ral Cardinal.</P>
<P>The Congregation of State, is often kept in the Popes pre&s;ence, and &s;ometimes before the Cardinal Nephew: All the Cardinals who have been <HI>Nuatio</HI>'s and his Holine&s;&s;e, his Secretary of State are pre&s;ent at it.</P>
<P>The Congregation call'd of <HI>Propaga<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">da Fide;</HI> hath been e&s;tabli&s;hed for to move all means immaginable to advance the Catholick Faith. It is kept once a month before the Pope, and very often in the Col|ledge which bears the name. There are pre&s;ent there &s;everal Cardinals, one Apo&s;tolick Protonotary, his Holine&s;&s;e, his Secretary of State; The Judge, who is <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 word"> to be the Referend<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">rio, of either <HI>Signature</HI> and the Secretary. <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 word"> lodgeth and beareth the charges of all the poor Bi&s;hops, <HI>in Parlibus,</HI> and it hath a Prin|ting-Pre&s;&s;e, for all the Oriental Languages and Sou|thern.</P>
<P>It brings up and in&s;tructs a great number of youth, from all the In&s;idel parts of the World&punc; whom i<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 word"> back again into their own Countries after that
<PB N="60" REF="102"> they are knowing; allowing them wherewithall, to defray their journy conveniently.</P>
<P>The Congregation of the <HI>Riti;</HI> A Juri&s;diction o|ver the differences which ari&s;e, touching Eccle&s;ia&s;ti|cal Ceremonies, and Cu&s;tomes, Precedences, and other things of the like nature.</P>
<P>The Cardinal, chief of the Deputy's &s;ummons it, when it be&s;t plea&s;eth him.</P>
<P>There is al&s;o the Congregation of Waters, be|fore which the concern is of Bridges, of the Cour&s;es of Rivers; and the like, whereof a Cardinal is chief, and calls it when nece&s;&s;ary.</P>
<P>The Cardinal <HI>Camerlengo,</HI> is chief of the Congre|gation over the Fountains, Ways, or Streets; yet it is kept at the Senior Cardinals Palace, there bu&s;i|ne&s;&s;e is of <HI>Aqueducts</HI> which &s;upply the Fountains of <HI>Rome,</HI> of the Ways and Streets, and of the manner, how to inlarge and beautifie them.</P>
<P>The Congregation of the Indexes is over the Books already Printed; and &s;uch as are to be Printed, it is but &s;eldome kept, and when kept; at a Cardinals, who is chief of it.</P>
<P>The Cardinal Nephew of the pre&s;ent Pope, is u&s;ual|ly chief of the Congregation of the Con&s;ult of Affairs, concerning the Eccle&s;ia&s;tical State, a&s;&s;i&s;ted by &s;ix more Cardinals, and eight Prelates, and the Secreta|ry; their bu&s;ine&s;s is of all Vice-Legars, Governors, Judges and other Officers, who gives an accompt to that Congregation; which having re&s;olved what is to be done, they impart the bu&s;ine&s;s to the &s;aid <HI>Vice-Legats,</HI> and Governors by the Secretary; and every Prelate who is pre&s;ent at it, is chief of the Affairs of of a Province A&s;&s;igned to him; who&s;e care, is to make known unto that Congregation all that pa&s;&s;eth. It hath though no juri&s;diction over <HI>Avignoa, Benevento</HI>
<PB N="61" REF="102"> and <HI>Cenedo;</HI> the Governors whereof are ab&s;olute, each of the Prelats aforementioned, hath a thou&s;and crowns Pention.</P>
<P>The Congregation of the Di&s;charges, call'd <HI>De' Sgravii,</HI> and of that <HI>De Bono Regimine,</HI> are kept by turns every Saturday at the Cardinal Nephews, who is chief of them, together with &s;ix Cardinals more, and eight Prelats, Thether all Corporations repaire, who finde them&s;elves over-rated with publique char|ges or their Priviledges violated.</P>
<P>The Prelats have the &s;ame allowance with tho&s;e of the <HI>Con&s;ulta.</HI></P>
<P>The Congregation of the Moneys hath been &s;et up, to look to the moneys already coyn'd, or what may pa&s;&s;e, and to &s;et a rate upon all &s;uch as are of for|reign Princes, There are pre&s;ent at it foure Cardi|nals and &s;ome Officers of the Chamber.</P>
<P>There is be&s;ides; The Congregation of Conci&s;to|rical Affairs, of which the Senior Cardinal is chief; it is but &s;eldome call'd, for it hath but little bu&s;ine&s;s, but there are tran&s;acted the affairs which the Pope re|ferrs to it; which u&s;ualy are of renounciation of Bi&s;hop|ricks, Taxes of Con&s;i&s;torical Churches and Abbey's.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
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<HEAD>A Relation of the Ceremonies ob|&s;erved on the twenty Eighth of <HI>June,</HI> at the Pre&s;enting of a White Gennet unto the Pope, by the Mini&s;ter of the King of <HI>Spain.</HI></HEAD>
<P>THe twenty eighth of <HI>June,</HI> being <HI>St. Peters</HI> Eve, is the u&s;ual day appoin|ted for the payment or receiving of Tributes, Rents, and other things which are wont to be paid to the Church in cogni&s;ance of Tenures held by her; &s;ome make &s;atisfaction per&s;onally, but the greate&s;t part by prozy; But the Homage of the King of <HI>Spain,</HI> is that which is per|formed with the greate&s;t Pompe and Lu&s;tre, as po&s;&s;e&s;&s;ing the be&s;t Te<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">re of all, which is the Kingdome of <HI>Naples;</HI> who&s;e Emba&s;&s;adors &s;trive ever to appear with all po&s;&s;ible Grandeur at that Ceremony. The Prince, Nephew of the Pope: All the other Princes and Nobles of <HI>Rome,</HI> of
<PB N="63" REF="103" MS="y"> the <HI>Spani&s;h</HI> Party, goe and accompany him, his Holine&s;s &s;ends him the Pre|lates, which they call A&s;&s;i&s;tants at the Pontifical Throne, which are foure Arch|bi&s;hops, and others of le&s;&s;er account, the Guards of the Sui&s;&s;es, and a Company of light Hor&s;e. This Riding or Cavalca|do, begins at the Emba&s;&s;adors Palace, at a great di&s;tance from the <HI>Vatican,</HI> where the Pope goes, an houre before, which is in the afternoon; The Light Hor&s;e march fir&s;t, led by their Coronet, next a great number of <HI>Roman</HI> Gentlemen, <HI>Spaniards,</HI> and Gentlemen &s;ent by Car|dinals; all march in order on Hor&s;eback; after come the Princes, and &s;uch as bear Title; after that, two E&s;taffiers lead the Gennet, cover'd with a foot-cloth of red Sattin, or &s;ome other co&s;tly &s;tuff, as embroidred with Silver, where are re|pre&s;ented, the Popes Armes, and Coat; and a Pur&s;e at the Ar&s;on of the Sadle, wherein are &s;eventeen thou&s;and crowns, of <HI>Cammera</HI> Gold, that is of Papal Stamp, after marcheth the Emba&s;&s;ador with the Guards of the Sui&s;&s;ers, and in the rear of all the Prelates afore&s;aid.</P>
<P>Being arrived in that Order unto St. <HI>Peters.</HI> The Pope approacheth, at &s;ome
<PB N="64" REF="104"> &s;mall di&s;tance, unto the Gate of the Church, where the Emba&s;&s;ador being entred, and having made his Speech, pre&s;ents this White Gennet unto his Ho|line&s;&s;e, in the behalf of the King his Ma|&s;ter, with the &s;eventeen thou&s;and crowns of Gold, of which his Maje&s;ty is indebt|ed unto the Holy Church for the King|dome of <HI>Naples,</HI> by vertue of the Infeaf|ments made by the Pope unto the Aun|ce&s;tors of his Maje&s;ty. After which Speech, the Fi&s;cal of the <HI>Camera,</HI> makes a Speech to the Amba&s;&s;ador, how that Kingdome hath been already devol|ved to the Church by <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">everal Princes. In fine, the Pope &s;aith, that he accepts willingly that Pre&s;ent from the Catho|lick King, &s;o it be not to the prejudice of the Rights of the Church; Wi&s;hing unto his Maje&s;ty, Pro&s;perous Succe&s;&s;e, Long Life, and Pro&s;perity: Whereof the Fi&s;cal cau&s;eth a Record of it to be made by a Notary there pre&s;ent. And &s;o en|deth the Ceremony.</P>
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