<!DOCTYPE ETS PUBLIC "-//UMDLPS//DTD EEBOPROOF 2.0//EN">
<ETS>
<TEMPHEAD>
<REVDESCR>
<CHANGE>
<DATE>2014-11-05</DATE>
<RESPSTMT>
<NAME>Olivia Bottum</NAME>
<RESP>MURP</RESP>
</RESPSTMT>
<ITEM>Corrected markup.</ITEM>
</CHANGE>
</REVDESCR>
</TEMPHEAD>
<EEBO>
<IDG S="marc" R="UM" ID="B29000">
<STC T="W">R1605A</STC>
<BIBNO T="umi">99829660</BIBNO>
<VID>207144</VID>
</IDG>
<TEXT LANG="eng">
<FRONT>
<DIV1 TYPE="title page">
<PB REF="1">
<P>Sir Walter Roberts HIS ANSVVER TO M^r. Fords Book, ENTITVLED, A DESIGNE For bringing A Navigable River, from <HI>Rickman&s;worth</HI> in <HI>Hartford&s;hire</HI> to S^t. <HI>Giles</HI> in the Fields.</P>
<P>London, Printed by <HI>R. H.</HI> 1641.</P>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 TYPE="map">
<PB REF="2" MS="y">
<PB REF="2">
<PB REF="3">
<P><FIGURE>
</FIGURE></P>
</DIV1>
</FRONT>
<BODY>
<DIV1 TYPE="answer">
<PB REF="3">
<GAP DESC="duplicate" EXTENT="1 page">
<PB REF="4">
<PB REF="4" MS="y">
<PB REF="5" MS="y">
<PB N="3" REF="5">
<HEAD>Sir Walter Roberts HIS ANSVVER TO M^r. FORDS Book Entituled <HI>A De|&s;igne for bringing a Navigable River from</HI> Rickman&s;worth <HI>in</HI> Hartford|&s;hire, <HI>to</HI> S. Giles in the Fields.</HEAD>
<P><HI>_THe Kings most excellent Majesty,</HI>
<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mr. Ford.</NOTE> <HI>taking in|to his princely con&s;ideration, the great in|coveniences that his loving Subjects about London, and Westmin&s;ter, did &s;uffer for want of water, put a Bill in Parliament for the bringing of water from</HI> Rickman&s;worth.</P>
<P>His Maje&s;ty beares the name of this Bill,
<MILESTONE UNIT="An&s;w."> but Ma&s;ter <HI>Ford</HI> the charge, as he confe&s;&s;ed to a Gentleman of quality, to whom he &s;aid not long &s;ince, that this bu&s;i|ne&s;&s;e had co&s;t him an hundred pounds, and the very Bill twenty four pounds, which is more (I beleeve) than ever he will get by it: and in the Bill there are &s;ome things affirmed, which his Maje&s;ty di&s;avowes, and knowes to be otherwi&s;e; and certainly Ma&s;ter <HI>Ford</HI> was not well advi&s;ed to prefer a Bill in his Maje&s;ties name, and to alledge any thing in it, which his Maje&s;ty did not know, or beleeve to be true, and which he him&s;elfe could not prove, nor make good; and if &s;ome man
<PB N="4" REF="6">had done this, it would have been accounted a great of|fence, and taken for no le&s;&s;e than <HI>crimen lae&s;ae Maje&s;tatis.</HI> For to make the King publikely in Parliament &s;peak any thing in a Bill, which is not true, is an high di&s;ho|nour to his Maje&s;ty, and &s;uch as de&s;erves an high cen|&s;ure. And this Ma&s;ter <HI>Ford</HI> hath done who in that Bill hath made his Maje&s;ty contradict him&s;elfe and the Great Seal of <HI>England,</HI> and deny many things concer|ning the Springs at <HI>Linch-mill,</HI> and the feacibility and benefit of the clo&s;e Aqueduct, which he had before af|firmed in &s;everall Patents and Grants concerning the &s;ame, and to affirme &s;ome other which were to Ma&s;ter <HI>Fords</HI> knowledge di&s;proved by depo&s;itions of witne&s;&s;es, and Records of Courts which he had &s;een.</P>
<P>Another great errour Ma&s;ter <HI>Ford</HI> hath committed, in his little book. In the fir&s;t and &s;econd pages where|of, he makes his Maje&s;ty the authour of the le&s;&s;e de|&s;igne, (to bring water to the City) and him&s;elfe of the greater, to make a Navigable River) but this &s;lip may in &s;ome mea&s;ure be excu&s;ed, That his Maje&s;ties de&s;igne is feacible, and Ma&s;ter <HI>Fords</HI> is not.</P>
<P>I could charge him with another over-&s;ight as great as any of the&s;e, That he did not fore&s;ee the great bene|fit that this new Navigation would be to the City and Countrey before this Bill was preferred, and advi&s;e his Maje&s;ty to prefer his Bill for this worke, rather than that, &s;ince he (as appeares by his book) was to be the undertaker of both, and now preferres this as the better worke: but I will not overcharge him, nor &s;tay longer upon the Preface (the porch of his book,) but will now enter and &s;urvey the building; (The rea&s;ons which he brings to &s;hew the benefit of his Navigable
<PB N="5" REF="6">River) which are eleven in number; and I might an|&s;wer them all in one word; by &s;aying (as I may ve|ry truly,) that out of them all, there cannot be col|lected one good argument to prove, that this worke if it were done, would be any benefit to City or Coun|trey, but for his and others &s;atisfaction, I will make a particular an&s;wer to them all.</P>
<P>And fir&s;t, to the fir&s;t, I an&s;wer:
<MILESTONE N="1"> That to &s;et great multitudes of labourers on worke, is not &s;imply good in it &s;elfe, but quite contrary, unle&s;&s;e the worke which they are imployed in be good for the Common-wealth, which this is not, as appeares by the complaint of the Countrey again&s;t it, and not of ordinary men onely, but of the principall Lords and Gentlemen of the County.</P>
<P>To the &s;econd I an&s;wer, <MILESTONE N="2"> That <HI>Hartford&s;hire, Bucking|ham&s;hire,</HI> and <HI>Middle&s;ex,</HI> want not vent for their Corne, Meale, or other commodities, but do buy and &s;ell them as cheape as other Counties do, and therefore they need no navigable River for this purpo&s;e.</P>
<P><MILESTONE N="3"> His argument doth onely concerne that part of <HI>Hartford&s;hire,</HI> which would border upon his new River, if it &s;hould be made, and they do mo&s;t of all oppo&s;e his worke, and therefore certainly they conceive it will be noxious, not commodious to them. And if it be not good for them, it cannot be good for any, &s;ince other places may have chalke, manure, and other com|modities as well and as cheape from other Counties, as from <HI>Hartford&s;hire,</HI> and then what benefit will this na|vigable River be to them?</P>
<P>To the fourth I an&s;wer,
<MILESTONE N="4"> That the River of <HI>Thames</HI> is
<PB N="6" REF="7">bigge enough to carry away all the &s;oil that is made in or near <HI>London</HI> or <HI>We&s;tmin&s;ter,</HI> and lies farmore conve|niently for it, than his new River will do, and there is land enough bordering upon this River to receive it all, if it were ten times as much, without making a new River, to carry it into <HI>Hartford&s;hire.</HI></P>
<P N="5">5. <MILESTONE N="5"> To the fifth I an&s;wer, That fewell and other com|modities, are as cheape in <HI>Hartford&s;hire</HI> as in other Counties, neither could this new River, if it were made, make them cheaper.</P>
<P>To the &s;ixth I an&s;wer,
<MILESTONE N="6"> That <HI>Hartford&s;hire</HI> is not &s;o hot a Clymate, or the Cattell there of &s;o calid a con|&s;titution, but that le&s;&s;e water than a Navigable River may &s;atisfie their thir&s;t.</P>
<P>To the &s;eventh I an&s;wer,
<MILESTONE N="7"> That Ma&s;ter <HI>Ford</HI> is much mi&s;taken in thinking that carriage doth &s;poil high|wayes, for we finde by experience, that the greate&s;t Roades are alwayes the be&s;t, and blinde lanes the wor&s;t wayes: The Rea&s;on whereof is, becau&s;e much car|riage and travelling upon them, makes them even and &s;moothe, and the want of this makes the other uneven and rugged, neither doth carriage ever hurt high-wayes, but in ill weather, carriage being the onely meanes we have to mend them, by bringing gravell and other a|mendment for them.</P>
<P>To the eighth I an&s;wer,
<MILESTONE N="8"> That the Cities of <HI>London</HI> and <HI>We&s;tmin&s;ter</HI> may perhaps (if his worke be done) have the Ornament of a great new Ditch, but not of a Navigable River, it being impo&s;&s;ible to make a Navi|gable River to S. <HI>Giles</HI> in the Fields, with any rea&s;ona|ble charge. There being &s;o many great hils and valleys between <HI>Rickman&s;worth</HI> and it, and the ground of Saint
<PB N="7" REF="7"><HI>Giles</HI> being above 60. foot higher than the natural cour&s;e of that River at <HI>We&s;tmin&s;ter.</HI></P>
<P N="9">9. To the ninth I an&s;wer,
<MILESTONE N="9"> that certainly other Coun|ties which border upon the River of <HI>Thames</HI> and the Ri|ver of <HI>Lee,</HI> may &s;erve and &s;upply <HI>London</HI> and <HI>We&s;tmin&s;ter,</HI> and other places adjoyning, with Corne and other com|modities as cheape as <HI>hartford&s;hire,</HI> if this new River were made, and therefore the making of it can no way advantage them.</P>
<P>To the tenth I make the &s;ame an&s;wer, which I did to the fourth, it being the &s;ame in &s;ub&s;tance contracted in|to fewer words.
<MILESTONE N="10"> That the River of <HI>Thames</HI> will carry away the doung and &s;oil of this City better and cheaper than his new River, for it will go all the way downe hill to <HI>Thames,</HI> but mu&s;t go up hill to S. <HI>Giles.</HI> Be&s;ides &s;ome parts of the City lie above two miles from S. <HI>Giles</HI> in the Field, whereas no part of it lies above halfe a mile from the <HI>Thomes.</HI></P>
<P>To the eleventh I an&s;wer,
<MILESTONE N="11"> That tho&s;e places in or near <HI>London,</HI> which want water, &s;hall be better &s;upplied, by the Aqueduct undertaken by Sir <HI>Walter Roberts</HI> and o|thers, than they can be by his worke; who may perhaps bring more water than <HI>Middleton</HI> hath done, but cannot bring better in an open River; but by the clo&s;e Aque|duct from <HI>Hod&s;don</HI> all tho&s;e places in or about <HI>London</HI> and <HI>We&s;tmin&s;ter</HI> which want water, &s;hall be plentifully &s;up|plied with pure and clear &s;pring-water fit for any u&s;e, which Ma&s;ter <HI>Fords</HI> being brought open cannot be.</P>
<P>And whereas he affirmeth, that the water of his Na|vigable River &s;hall be &s;uch as &s;hall be alwayes clear, and fit for all u&s;es; I wonder at his confidence, and cannot imagine that any under&s;tanding man can beleeve it, that
<PB N="8" REF="8">is not a Catholique, and led by an implicite faith; there being no Navigable River in the world that is alwayes clear, but will be foul and muddy in floods and great rain; when land waters and wa&s;hings of &s;treets and high|wayes fall into it; neither can any art or artificiall con|veyance keep the&s;e out, unle&s;&s;e M. <HI>Ford</HI> can make &s;uch a ca&s;e for his new River, that no water at all &s;hall come into it in flouds, which he may do by making it onely in Paper, as he hath done, and that in my opinion will be his be&s;t way, for this Navigation (I mean his book) will hurt no body but the Printer; the other will hurt many, and be good for none.</P>
<P>And thus having an&s;wered the rea&s;ons which he hath brought to &s;hew the benefit of his new Navigation, I come now to an&s;wer tho&s;e allegations, which he offers to remove the objections made again&s;t it by the Coun|trey, which as he &s;aith in his book, are the&s;e five.</P>
<P N="1">1. The depriving them of their fi&s;h.</P>
<P N="2">2. The hindering their winter land-flouds, which en|rich their meadowes, and bring downe a fat &s;oil called Moor-earth, of which they make great advantage.</P>
<P N="3">3. The taking away their fences made by the River.</P>
<P N="4">4. The &s;poiling of their corne-mils, and con&s;equent|ly their Markets, which con&s;i&s;t much of Meale.</P>
<P N="5">5. And of their Paper-mils.</P>
<P>To all which he an&s;wers. <HI>Fir&s;t, in generall, that all the&s;e objections ari&s;e from a mi&s;take, as if the purpo&s;e were to take all their Water, whereas it is intended, and &s;hall be &s;uffi|ciently &s;ecured, that no more water &s;hall be turned from the ordinary cour&s;e than what &s;hall run between an hatch of four foot wide.</HI> Which an&s;wer is &s;o far from removing, or &s;atisfying any one of tho&s;e objections, that it is a con|vincing
<PB N="9" REF="8">argument to prove them all; for a hatch of foure foot wide upon a good fall, will carry away more water, then runs in that River; and if he take away &s;o much as &s;uch a hatch will receive, he will leave them none, or very little; which may be made demon&s;tra|tive, by drawing a gate of foure foot wide at any of tho&s;e Mils, which &s;tand upon the maine River, which I dare undertake &s;hall carry away the water fa&s;ter then the whole River can bring it down, and in &s;hort time &s;hrink it &s;o as it &s;hall be vi&s;ible: and therefore Ma&s;ter <HI>Ford</HI> hath either expre&s;t him&s;elfe ill, or el&s;e he doth not well under&s;tand workes of this nature, it being a va&s;te deale of water, that a hatch of foure foote wide upon a good fall will carry away.</P>
<P N="1">1. I have done with his generall an&s;wer, and come now to the particulars of it. Where he &s;aith: fir&s;t, That none of their fi&s;h &s;hall be dimini&s;hed, but &s;hall all bee &s;hut out of his River by a great &s;et made at the head of it; which I confe&s;&s;e may be done: but if he take away the water from the fi&s;h, he were as good take away the fi&s;h too.</P>
<P>Secondly,
<MILESTONE N="2"> he &s;aith that their winter floods may and mu&s;t be wholly kept out of this Trench, which &s;hall re|ceive no muddy water into any part of it, nor more wa|ter in winter than in &s;ummer, which is impo&s;&s;ible, un|le&s;&s;e as I &s;aid before, he meane only to make a Paper ri|ver; and then he may let into it, and into his owne ima|gination, though not into other mens, what water hee plea&s;eth and when he plea&s;eth; but otherwi&s;e to &s;ay that his River &s;hall receive no muddy water, when there is none but muddy water in the River from which he re|ceives it (as in floods) nor more water in winter than in
<PB N="10" REF="9">&s;ummer, when the very raine from heaven, which hee cannot &s;hut out of his River, is more in winter than in &s;ummer, is a &s;trange a&s;&s;ertion.</P>
<P>To the third he &s;aith,
<MILESTONE N="3"> that it is pre&s;umed that an inch of water taken away from the depth of the River, will make no con&s;iderable difference to their fences, which is confe&s;t, if that were the ca&s;e as it is not, for a hatch of foure foot wide will not take away an inch only from the depth of their River, but an ell if it be &s;o deep in all, and the hatch laid low enough.</P>
<P>To the fourth I an&s;wer,
<MILESTONE N="4"> that M. <HI>Ford</HI> cannot now with any rea&s;on &s;ay, that he will take but a little water out of the River of <HI>Colne,</HI> &s;ince in the bill which he hath preferred in his Maje&s;ties name, he &s;aith, that he will by his new River bring a far greater quantity of better water to <HI>London,</HI> then can be brought from Lynch-mill &s;prings, which are now found to be &s;o great, that it is feared by many, that the taking of them away, may hin|der Navigation upon the River of <HI>Lee,</HI> which is 80. foot wide, and eight foot deep: and if M. <HI>Ford</HI> take away more water out of the River of <HI>Colne,</HI> which is far le&s;&s;e then <HI>Lee,</HI> it mu&s;t needs exceedingly prejudice, if not ut|terly de&s;troy all the Mills &s;tanding upon it, below his new River. And though &s;ome of them have as he af|firmes, the water of &s;ix Rivers to &s;erve them now, yet if he take away all this water before it come at them, as he may doe by a hatch of foure foot wide, they will be lit|tle the better for it. And I doe confidently beleeve, that there are none, or very few of tho&s;e mills but at &s;ome time or other want water; and then if Ma&s;ter <HI>Fords</HI> new River take away any from them at tho&s;e times, they mu&s;t needs want &s;o much more as he takes away, neither
<PB N="11" REF="9">is this any thing which he alledges that a great deale of this water doth runne wa&s;t, which cannot be avoyded in le&s;&s;e &s;treames then this is, though the Millars want wa|ter never &s;o much, becau&s;e where the &s;treame wants ei|ther height or quantity to maintaine the Mils without being pent, there it mu&s;t needs run over as often as the Mill &s;tands &s;till, after the Pent is full, though the Mil|lar at another time may want that weter, which thus runs wa&s;te. And the rea&s;on why Millars pend up their water in ponds and river is, becau&s;e the water without being pent, wants either height or quantity to &s;upply their Mils, for if it had both the&s;e, and would &s;erve their turne as well without being pent, they would not trou|ble them&s;elves to make and maintaine pends.</P>
<P>To the fifth and la&s;t I an&s;wer,
<MILESTONE N="5"> that the ca&s;e of the Pa|per-mills and Corne-mills, being the &s;ame, the &s;ame an|&s;wer may &s;erve for both, which is briefly this: That if &s;o much water, as a hatch of foure foot wide will receive, be taken out of the River of <HI>Colne,</HI> it will utterly de&s;troy all the Mills below it, becau&s;e it will take away all the water of that River if it were bigger then it is.</P>
<P>It therefore plainly appeares by that which hath been &s;aid, that this propo&s;ition of making a Navigable Ri|ver from <HI>Rickman&s;worth</HI> in <HI>Hartford&s;hire</HI> to S. <HI>Giles</HI> in the fields, is not fit to be pro&s;ecuted any further, being a worke of great difficulty, of exce&s;&s;ive charge, and of more prejudice then benefit, both to the Countrey and City. So &s;hallow and unfit this <HI>Ford</HI> is to make a Navigable River.</P>
<P>But if the Inhabitants of <HI>Hartford&s;hire</HI> conceive that Navigation from <HI>Richman&s;worth</HI> to <HI>London</HI> will bee a worke of any great benefit to them, I can &s;hew them a
<PB N="12" REF="10">better way to make a Navigable River from thence to <HI>London</HI> (though not to S. <HI>Giles</HI>) then that which M. <HI>Ford</HI> propo&s;eth, and that is by widening and deepning the Ri|ver in his naturall cour&s;e, where it is either too narrow or too fleet, and by making lockes in &s;ome convenient places.</P>
<P>All which may be done with a quarter of the charge which M. <HI>Fords</HI> worke will co&s;t, and without any pre|judice either to the Mills or Lands, nay with &s;ome be|nefit to them both, becau&s;e they &s;hall have the &s;ame wa|ter, which they now have, and &s;o much more as the Ri|ver will containe more, being made wider and deeper, and pent higher. And this worke I conceive may bee done with a rea&s;onable charge, though I can only affirm it probably, not knowingly, becau&s;e I have not yet &s;ur|veyed it throughly, and being done, it will be far more u&s;efull and profitable to the Countrey in re&s;pect of Na|vigation, then M. <HI>Fords</HI> de&s;igne. And for &s;upplying the City and other places with water, that may be done al&s;o by the Aqueduct from <HI>Hodde&s;don</HI> far better than by his new River, whether he make it Navigable or not, and both the&s;e workes may be fini&s;hed with halfe the charge that his Navigable River will co&s;t. And if the Countrey may be accommodated with better Naviga|tion, and the City &s;upplyed with better water, for halfe the charge that M. <HI>Fords</HI> worke will co&s;t, I pre&s;ume the Lords before whom the cau&s;e is now depending, will not &s;uffer his propo&s;ition to be pro&s;ecuted any farther.</P>
<P>I have done with the worke which he propo&s;eth, and now come to the &s;ecurity which he offers for the perfor|mance of it, eight thou&s;and pounds a yeare Lands, which is at the lea&s;t &s;ix thou&s;and pounds a yeare more
<PB N="13" REF="10">then he hath, or is likely to have of his owne. And if there be any &s;uch men to be found in the world, as will engage &s;ix thou&s;and pound a yeare Land upon another mans project, grounded upon no more probability of rea&s;on then this is, They &s;hall have my voice to be re|corded for more then kinde friends, and perhaps their po&s;terity will have cau&s;e enough to thinke them kinde fooles, but I cannot beleeve that there are any &s;uch, and and if there be, Ma&s;ter <HI>Ford</HI> hath done well to conceale their names: But if he can give &s;uch great &s;ecurity, why doth he not rather take up &s;o much money at intere&s;t as will doe the worke, and take the whole benefit of it to him&s;elfe, and his partners, then to receive twenty five thou&s;and pounds of his Maje&s;tie, upon condition to pay unto him and his heires for ever foure thou&s;and pounds a yeare out of the rents and profits of the worke, &s;ince foure thou&s;and pounds a yeare would in le&s;&s;e then ten yeares pay twenty five thou&s;and pounds with the inte|re&s;t, and this would be le&s;&s;e dangerous, and more com|modious for M. <HI>Ford,</HI> and for his &s;ureties, who by this meanes &s;hould in fifteene yeares, if the work &s;ucceeded, be ab&s;olutely freed of their &s;ecurity, and M. <HI>Ford</HI> and his partners &s;hould enjoy the whole benefit of the work afterward, whereas now their Lands mu&s;t &s;tand engaged for ever, if the worke goe on; and M. <HI>Ford</HI> and his a&s;&s;o|ciates mu&s;t for ever pay foure thou&s;and pounds a yeare to his Maje&s;ty, and his heires, if the whole rents and pro|fits of the worke &s;hall amount to &s;o much. And there|fore M. <HI>Ford</HI> cannot per&s;wade me, that he can any where take up twenty five thou&s;and pounds upon this &s;ecurity, for if he could, why &s;hould he take it of his Maje&s;ty up|on &s;uch hard conditions, as to pay foure thou&s;and pound
<PB N="14" REF="11">a yeare for ever for it? And if no other will lend him twenty five thou&s;and pounds upon this &s;ecurity, why &s;hould his Maje&s;ty? Who cannot hope that this Navi|gable River (if it could be made with any rea&s;onable charge, as it cannot) would yeeld halfe foure thou&s;and pounds <HI>per annum.</HI> And his Maje&s;ty can have no more rent or profit out of the worke then it will yeeld: where|as the clo&s;e Aqueduct, if it be well and artificially done (as it &s;hall be if Sir <HI>Walter Roberts</HI> and his partners have the doing of it) is in probability like to be worth tenne thou&s;and pounds a yeare, and &s;o his Maje&s;ty and his heires &s;hall be &s;ure to have their rent of foure thou&s;and pounds a yeare, well and duly paid them for ever. Be|&s;ides, this clo&s;e Aqueduct will be a great benefit to the City, and no prejudice at all to the Countrey. And I know the honour and ju&s;tice of the Parliament is &s;uch, as they will prefer that work which they &s;hall conceive to be mo&s;t for his Maje&s;ties profit, and the publique good.</P>
<P>I have now done with the &s;ecurity, and with this de|&s;igne of M. <HI>Fords,</HI> and &s;o I hope hath he; which I wi&s;h for his good, and the good of all whom it concernes.</P>
<TRAILER>FINIS.</TRAILER>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 TYPE="proposition">
<PB N="15" REF="11" MS="y">
<HEAD>A PROPOSITION FOR the &s;erving and &s;upplying of <HI>London, Westmin|&s;ter,</HI> and other places adjoyning; with a &s;ufficient quantity of good and cleare &s;pring|water, to be brought from <HI>Hodde&s;don</HI> in <HI>Hart|ford&s;hire</HI> in a clo&s;e Aqueduct of Bricke, Stone, Lead, or Timber.</HEAD>
<P>_THE Cities of <HI>London</HI> and <HI>We&s;tmin&s;ter</HI> being growne very populous; and there being of late many faire hou&s;es and o|ther large and &s;pacious buildings ere|cted in them, and in the <HI>Coven garden,</HI> S. <HI>Martins,</HI> S. <HI>Iames,</HI> S. <HI>Giles, Drewry|lane, Lincolnes-Inne-fields, Holborne,</HI> and other places ad|jacent: and there being al&s;o a great want of good water in all the &s;aid places, e&s;pecially in the new buildings; the works already done being not &s;ufficient to &s;upply them, and <HI>Middletons</HI> water by rea&s;on of the foulene&s;&s;e and muddine&s;&s;e of it (comming in an open trench) being found by experience not to be fit for many u&s;es, and to faile many times for a whole week or fortnight together.</P>
<P>His Maje&s;ty out of his Princely care and zeale of the publique good, con&s;idering the many and great mi&s;|chiefes that his loving &s;ubjects inhabiting within the&s;e Cities and places, mu&s;t needs &s;uffer by the want of &s;o ne|ce&s;&s;ary a commodity; And knowing the great benefit
<PB N="16" REF="12">that will accrew unto them by having plenty and abun|dance of good and pure water, being informed, that there were certain &s;prings of excellent water at <HI>Hodde&s;don</HI> in <HI>Hartford&s;hire,</HI> that might conveniently be brought in an Aqueduct of Brick or Stone, to a con&s;erve at <HI>I&s;lington,</HI> and from thence di&s;per&s;t to &s;erve and &s;upply all the &s;aid places, did for his better &s;atisfaction grant a commi&s;&s;ion to Sir <HI>Charles Herbert</HI> and others; to examine whether the&s;e &s;prings were &s;ufficient for height, quantity and quality, to &s;erve and &s;upply all the &s;aid places, and what the charge of the worke would be.</P>
<P>In <HI>March</HI> 1636. the&s;e Commi&s;&s;ioners did certifie his Maje&s;tie that the&s;e &s;prings did lie 33. foot and 6. inches higher than the pavement at the Cro&s;&s;e in Cheap&s;ide (which is 22. foot higher then the Pyach in the Coven garden.)</P>
<P>That they did yeeld for quantity above 12000. Tun of water in 24. houres, and that they were naturall and con&s;tant &s;prings which did neither increa&s;e much in winter with landwaters, nor decrea&s;e in &s;ummer, but had continued &s;o time out of minde.</P>
<P>That they were for quality very good and well con|ditioned waters, fit for dre&s;&s;ing of meate, for Baking, Brewing, or Wa&s;hing. And that they had cau&s;ed di|vers tryals to be made of them in their pre&s;ence for their better &s;atisfaction.</P>
<P>That there were divers other &s;prings hard by them which might conveniently (if need were) be rai&s;ed and brought with them. And that the&s;e &s;prings might bee brought in an Aqueduct of Bricke, to a con&s;erve at <HI>I&s;lington</HI> for 25000. pounds, and the Mill and Lands purcha&s;ed for 750. pound more.</P>
<PB N="17" REF="12">
<P> Upon this Certificate, and upon hearing the cau&s;e him|&s;elfe at the Councel-table, his Maje&s;ty was plea&s;ed to grant his Letters Patents to <HI>Michael Parker</HI> and <HI>Everard Manwaring</HI> for the rai&s;ing of 25000. l. for this worke.</P>
<P>And about the &s;ame time, he al&s;o granted other Let|ters Patents to Sir <HI>Edward Stradling,</HI> and <HI>Iohn Lyde</HI> for the doing thereof: In which his Maje&s;ty did covenant to allow them 25000. l. for the doing of the worke, and to a&s;&s;i&s;t them and their a&s;&s;ociates by the be&s;t wayes and meanes he could, either by making them a Corporati|on, or by giving his Royall a&s;&s;ent to an Act of Parlia|ment for the better effecting thereof. And they did co|venant with his Maje&s;ty to fini&s;h the &s;aid Aqueduct in five yeares; and to rai&s;e out of the rents and profits thereof 4000. pounds a year to his Maje&s;ty and his heires for ever; Or el&s;e to pay backe the 25000. pounds or &s;o much thereof as they &s;hould receive.</P>
<P>Sir <HI>Edward Stradling</HI> did afterwards a&s;&s;ociate to him Sir <HI>Walter Roberts,</HI> M. <HI>Gage,</HI> and M. <HI>Newce:</HI> and there|upon the contract was renewed.</P>
<P>Upon the death of M. <HI>Gage,</HI> M. <HI>Ralegh</HI> was brought in his room, and the contract with his Maje&s;ty was renew|ed again, under the great Seal of <HI>England;</HI> and the other undertakers did make choice of Sir <HI>Walter Roberts</HI> to have the over&s;ight and ordering of this worke; who with their con&s;ent and allowance cau&s;ed the levels to be again exactly taken, and a plot made of the grounds, through which the Aqueduct was to be carried; which was done by M. <HI>de Boyes</HI> a German, an expert Arti&s;t.</P>
<P>After this, Sir <HI>Edward Stradling,</HI> M. <HI>Ralegh,</HI> and M. <HI>Newce,</HI> de&s;erting the worke, and de&s;iring to be freed of the &s;ecurity which they had given to his Maje&s;ty for the
<PB N="18" REF="13">Performance of it, Sir <HI>Walter Roberts</HI> did in <HI>December</HI> la&s;t by petition acquaint the Lords of the Parliament with it; and did withall de&s;ire that he might have li|berty to go on with the worke, according to the con|tract with his Maje&s;ty, giving &s;ecurity to performe it.</P>
<P>Upon this petition of his, the Lords of the Commit|tee for petitions did make an Order the 24. of <HI>December,</HI> by which they did declare, that they did well approve of the worke, and thought fit the petitioner Sir <HI>Walter Ro|berts</HI> &s;hould undertake the &s;ame. And their Lord&s;hips did likewi&s;e order, that all the parties therein named &s;hould attend them in the Painted-Chamber upon the 14. of <HI>Ianuary</HI> following, <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">t two of the clocke in the af|ternoon, to give an account of the monies which they had received and had in their hands for that worke.</P>
<P>The parties did attend accordingly, and M. <HI>Ford</HI> did then prefer a petition to their Lord&s;hips, in which he did pretend and alledge, that this worke which Sir <HI>Walter Roberts</HI> and others had undertaken was not feacible, the waters of tho&s;e &s;prings wanting height, quantity and quality, to &s;upply the &s;aid Cities and places with wa|ter, or to rai&s;e the rent re&s;erved to his Maje&s;ty. And he did likewi&s;e informe their Lord&s;hips, that the worke was de&s;erted; though he knew the contrary, and had &s;een the Order above mentioned.</P>
<P>The Lords rejecting his petition, and one of them &s;aying, that it was not fit to overthrow a contract under the great Seal of <HI>England,</HI> upon a petition; He not long after preferred a Bill in his Maje&s;ties name; in which he &s;ugge&s;ted the very &s;ame things which he had done before in his petition. After this Bill had been read the fir&s;t time in the Lords Hou&s;e, Sir <HI>Walter Ro|berts</HI>
<PB N="19" REF="13">and Ma&s;ter <HI>Ford</HI> meeting often in the Commitee Chamber, and di&s;cour&s;ing together about this bu&s;ine&s;&s;e, In the end fell to this agreement, That they &s;hould joyne together and undertake that worke which &s;hould be mo&s;t for the common good. This agreement was &s;et downe in writing, approved of by them both, new writ|ten by con&s;ent, and a time and place appointed for the &s;igning of it. But M. <HI>Ford</HI> &s;ending his man to excu&s;e his not comming to &s;igne it, got his Bill that morning to be read the &s;econd time and committed, which was not fair dealing.</P>
<P>When the cau&s;e came to be heard before the Lords, M. <HI>Ford</HI> was not able to prove any one of his objections again&s;t this worke. But on the contrary Sir <HI>Walter Ro|berts</HI> did di&s;prove mo&s;t of them by the certificate of Sir <HI>Charles Herbert</HI> and others.</P>
<P>M. Attourney Generall being pre&s;ent at this debate, and of coun&s;ell for the Bill thus preferred in his Maje|&s;ties name, was plea&s;ed to &s;ay, that in re&s;pect of the contract which Sir <HI>Walter Roberts</HI> had from his Maje&s;ty, and the Order made by the Lords of the Parliament up|on his petition, if Sir <HI>Walter Roberts</HI> could either by rea&s;on or demon&s;tration &s;atisfie their Lord&s;hips judge|ments, that the worke which he had undertaken was feacible, and that being done it would be &s;ufficient to &s;upply all tho&s;e places with good and u&s;efull water which were to be &s;upplied by it, he thought fit, that he &s;hould have the doing of it before any other, neither &s;hould he &s;tand much upon the &s;ecurity: but if he could not do this, then it was fit he &s;hould give good &s;e|curity for the performance of what he had undertaken, if he would go on with it.</P>
<PB N="20" REF="14">
<P> Upon this motion of M. Attornies, M. <HI>Ford</HI> offering &s;ecurity for the work which he propo&s;ed, and the Lords conceiving that &s;ecurity for the performance of a worke was better than any demon&s;tration of rea&s;on, did order.</P>
<P>That if Sir <HI>Walter Roberts</HI> &s;hould give good &s;ecurity for the performance of the Aqueduct which he had un|dertaken, he &s;hould go on with it.</P>
<P>Sir <HI>Walter</HI> upon this re&s;olution of the Lords, did ad|dre&s;&s;e him&s;elfe to the Court of Aldermen, and did in open Court acquaint them with the &s;everall propo&s;iti|ons which had been made to his Maje&s;ty and the Lords of the Parliament, concerning the &s;upplying of <HI>London</HI> and other places with water.</P>
<P>One by him&s;elfe, who had contracted with his Maje&s;ty to bring certain &s;prings of clear and excellent water, from <HI>Hodde&s;don</HI> in <HI>Hartford&s;hire</HI> to <HI>London, Westminster,</HI> and other places adjoyning in a clo&s;e Aqueduct of Bricke, Stone, Lead, or Timber.</P>
<P>The other by M. <HI>Ford,</HI> who propo&s;ed to bring part of the River of <HI>Colne</HI> from <HI>Rickman&s;worth</HI> in <HI>Hartford&s;hire</HI> to a Con&s;erve at S. <HI>Giles</HI> in the Fields, in an open trench or cut (as <HI>Middletons</HI> was,) and from thence to di&s;per&s;e it, to &s;erve the &s;aid places, and did de&s;ire them to declare their opinions, which of the two workes would (as they conceived) be be&s;t for their City.</P>
<P>After &s;ome debate, they all agreed that the clo&s;e Aque|duct would be far more u&s;efull and beneficiall to them, than an open River (as <HI>Middletons</HI> was) could be; &s;ince they wanted not water &s;o much, as good water, and to bring more &s;uch water, as <HI>Middletons</HI> was, would be no benefit to them, becau&s;e they which had <HI>Middletons</HI> wa|ter, were fain to be at a great charge to buy Conduit water, <HI>Middletons</HI> not being fit for many u&s;es.</P>
<PB N="21" REF="14">
<P> When they all thus agreed, that a clo&s;e Aquednct would be far better for them, and for all whom it con|cerned, than an open River, Sir <HI>Walter</HI> did make this re|que&s;t to them, that for the good of their City, the bene|fit of the worke, and the &s;atisfaction of the King, and the Parliament, that the money rai&s;ed, and given for this Aqueduct &s;hould not be mi&s;imployed, they would be plea&s;ed to take the &s;ame into their care and cu&s;tody, and &s;ee it expended upon the worke as it went on, And to in|vite them to con&s;ent to this, he told them, they &s;hould have it at a very ea&s;ie rate, at five <HI>per Cent.</HI></P>
<P>The Court after &s;ome private con&s;ultation, did make this an&s;wer to Sir <HI>Walters</HI> reque&s;t. That if his Maje&s;ty, and the Lords of the Parliament &s;hould thinke it fit, they would be willing for the good of the worke, to be our Trea&s;urer for the money, and to let us have it, as we wanted it; but to give any intere&s;t for it, that they did not thinke fit, &s;eeing they gave none for <HI>Pauls</HI> money, or any other monies put into their hands for pious or publique u&s;es.</P>
<P>Sir <HI>Walter</HI> having received this an&s;wer from the Court of Aldermen in approbation of this worke, not long after preferred a petition to the Lords of the Com|mittee for the Aqueduct, and in it tendered &s;uch &s;ecuri|ty for the performance of the worke, as their Lord&s;hips did approve of, as appeares by nine of their hands &s;ub|&s;cribed to his petition.</P>
<P>About the &s;ame time he al&s;o preferred a Bill in the Hou&s;e of Commons, to have an Act of Parliament for the better effecting of this publike good worke, which Bill hath been twice read, and is referred to a Committee.</P>
<P>When M. <HI>Ford</HI> &s;aw that neither his petition, nor bill
<PB N="22" REF="15">did prevail, but that Sir <HI>Walter Roberts</HI> went on &s;till with his worke, he de&s;erts them both, and makes now a new propo&s;ition, which he hath lately <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 word"> out in print, and that is to make a Navigable River from <HI>Rickman&s;|worth</HI> in <HI>Hartford&s;hire</HI> to S. <HI>Giles</HI> in the fields, which is a worke not to be done without a charge infinitely greater than the profit, there being &s;o many great hils and val|lies between tho&s;e two places, be&s;ides the ground at S. <HI>Giles</HI> his Church, being above 60. foot higher than the naturall cour&s;e of that River at <HI>Westminster;</HI> And the making of his River Navigable, will not make his water better, but wor&s;e, and will onely multiply his charge, but not his profit.</P>
<P>And if the County of <HI>Hartford&s;hire</HI> did oppo&s;e his fir&s;t propo&s;ition, which was onely to take &s;o much wa|ter out of the River of <HI>Colne,</HI> as would &s;upply <HI>London, Westminster,</HI> and their &s;uburbs, becau&s;e the taking of &s;o much onely out of that River, would (as they concei|ved) much prejudice all their Mills &s;tanding upon it, and deprive them of that benefit, which they now have by them, and by flowing of their lands, they have much more rea&s;on to oppo&s;e this new propo&s;ition, which is to take a greater out of a le&s;&s;e, a Navigable River, out of a River which is not Navigable.</P>
<P>And though he pretend, that he will not &s;hrinke the River of <HI>Colne</HI> halfe an inch, nor prejudice their Mills, or hinder the flowing their lands, yet I doubt <HI>Hartford|&s;hire</HI> men, whom it concernes, will hardly beleeve him; and the argument he brings to prove it, and to &s;atisfie them withall, is a convincing rea&s;on to prove the con|trary: for a Hatch of four foot wide upon a good fall, will carry away more water than is in this River, &s;o
<PB N="23" REF="15">much M. <HI>Ford</HI> is mi&s;taken in affirming that by &s;uch a Hatch he will not take away the fortieth part of the water thereof.</P>
<P>And for the benefit which he pretends the Cities of <HI>London</HI> and <HI>Westminster,</HI> and other places will receive by this new Navigation, it will be &s;o little to them who have better Navigation already by the Rivers of <HI>Thames</HI> and <HI>Lee,</HI> than any M. <HI>Ford</HI> can make from <HI>Richman&s;|worth,</HI> as it will not be con&s;iderable, the lands border|ing upon the&s;e two Rivers, being &s;ufficient to receive ten times as much &s;oil, as the&s;e two Cities can make. Neither doth <HI>Hartford&s;hire</HI> afford any commodities to &s;upply the&s;e Cities withall, which may not be had as well, and as cheap from other Counties.</P>
<P>And the worke undertaken by Sir <HI>Walter Roberts</HI> and others, which M. <HI>Ford</HI> would overthrow to bring in his new Navigation, will be a worke of far greater be|nefit to tho&s;e Cities, and places, (which want good water more than Navigation) than another Navigable River can be. And this worke as it is propo&s;ed and in|tended by Sir <HI>Walter Roberts,</HI> will be a very great benefit to the City, and no prejudice at all to the Countrey; nay, it will be a benefit to &s;ome parts of it, <HI>viz.</HI> to &s;uch hou&s;es, townes, and villages, as want good water and lie near it, and to tho&s;e owners and farmours through who&s;e lands it &s;hall be carried: for the&s;e &s;hall have a full va|lue paid them in hand for &s;o much of their land as &s;hall be cut and u&s;ed for the worke, and yet &s;hall have the po&s;|&s;e&s;&s;ion and profit of it, and &s;o &s;hall &s;ell their land and yet enjoy it; and tho&s;e may be &s;upplied with excellent water from this Aqueduct which is no &s;mall benefit to &s;uch places as want it. And for the damage which any
<PB N="24" REF="16">can receive by it, it wil be only in cutting &amp; &s;oiling their lands, and carrying materials for the worke over them while&s;t the &s;ame is in doing; and for this being paid as before, more than a full value, it changes the name and nature of it, and makes it of a damage a benefit and o|ther damage than this no man &s;hal receive by this work.</P>
<P>For fir&s;t, Sir <HI>Walter Roberts</HI> will take no water out of any Rive<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">, and therefore no way prejudice Navigation.</P>
<P>Secondly, he will divide or take away no mans ground, but onely make a cut through it, and fill it up again, &s;o as men &s;hall ride, go, or carry, plow or &s;ow over it, as they now do, and make the &s;ame profit of it in every re&s;pect.</P>
<P>Thirdly, before they begin to worke in any mans Land, they will compound with him, and give &s;atisfa|ction for the damage they &s;hall do him.</P>
<P>This worke being well done with good Brickes, and other materials, will not fail in many ages, unle&s;&s;e it be in &s;ome few places, where it mu&s;t be carried above ground, and there it may very ea&s;ily be amended, when it &s;hall fail; neither can any man be much prejudiced by it, if a breach &s;hould happen in it, &s;ince the water may at any time upon an houres warning, be turned in|to his naturall cour&s;e where it now runs, and the Aque|duct laid dry, by &s;ewing the pond where the &s;prings ri&s;e, to which end there &s;hall be a large gut laid at the bottom of it, to draw up and to &s;ew the pond upon any occa&s;ion. And this alone will &s;ufficiently &s;ecure all the Lands through which this Aqueduct &s;hall pa&s;&s;e, from any damage or danger of being flowed by it. And for the better &s;atisfaction of all whom this worke con|cernes, the manner how it is intended to be done, is here expre&s;&s;ed.</P>
<PB N="25" REF="16">
<P> Fir&s;t, the Pond in which the &s;prings do ri&s;e &s;hal be few|ed, the mud therein ca&s;t out, the land waters &s;hut off, and all things el&s;e removed that may annoy the water.</P>
<P>This being done, the Pond &s;hall be walled in, and the &s;prings rai&s;ed as high, as they will ri&s;e without loo&s;ing any part of them; when it appeares how high they will ri&s;e, then the Pond &s;hall be emptied, and paved at the bottom with Bricke or Stone, and the bottom of the channell laid levell with the bottom of the Pond, and carried from thence, upon an exact levell, (or with as little fall as may be given in &s;o great a length of way) to the Con&s;erve at <HI>I&s;lington.</HI></P>
<P>This channell &s;hall be made of &s;uch bigne&s;&s;e, and &s;trength, as it &s;hall receive, and carry away all tho&s;e &s;prings, and as many more if need be, as fa&s;te as they ri&s;e, and &s;hall be made with &s;uch morter, and covered at the top two foot thicke at the lea&s;t, with &s;o good earth, and &s;o well rammed, as it &s;hall hold water as well as a pipe of Lead.</P>
<P>It &s;hall al&s;o have vents given it in very many places, to make it run the more &s;wiftly, and to di&s;cover the de|fects, if any &s;hould happen in the worke.</P>
<P>This Aqueduct being thus made, and the &s;prings walled in and brought under ground in a clo&s;e vault or channell of Bricke &s;o made that no part of them can &s;oak through, or break away, the water will ri&s;e as high as the Con&s;erve at <HI>I&s;lington,</HI> as it &s;tands, in the Pond at <HI>Lynch mill;</HI> and though the channell be made upon an exact levell, yet the water will have &s;o much fall as is be|tween the top of the Pond, and the bottom of the chan|nell, and the channell being by this meanes kept alwayes full, will be far &s;tronger, and freer from danger of decay.</P>
<PB N="26" REF="17">
<P> At either end of this Aqueduct &s;hall be a double &s;et, or grate made to keep out what&s;oever may annoy or hinder the pa&s;&s;age of the water, and to &s;uffer nothing but water to go in.</P>
<P>And by this worke thus done, the Cities of <HI>London</HI> and <HI>Westminster,</HI> and other places adjoyning &s;hall be con|tinually, and plentifully &s;erved and &s;upplied with excel|lent good water, fit for any u&s;e, either for dre&s;&s;ing of meat, for wa&s;hing, baking, brewing, or drinking.</P>
<P>The &s;ecurity offered for the performance of this worke is this. Fir&s;t, the money rai&s;ed and given for it &s;hall be depo&s;ited in the Chamber of <HI>London,</HI> or in &s;uch other &s;afe hands as the Parliament &s;hall appoint.</P>
<P>Secondly, Sir <HI>Walter Roberts</HI> and his partners will make the worke, and the charge of it certain, before they demand any money; by fini&s;hing part of the worke at their owne charge, and bringing all the water part of the way, and part of the water to <HI>London,</HI> The fir&s;t where|of will &s;hew the charge of the worke, the &s;econd the certainty: when they have done &s;o much of the worke, as &s;hall make the charge, feacibility, and certainty of it appear, they will de&s;ire to be paid for it; and with that money they will go on and fini&s;h &s;o much more thereof, as that will fini&s;h: and &s;o from time to time they will perfect &s;o much of the worke, as they demand money for, before they demand it. Be&s;ides they will give their bonds and covenants to fini&s;h the worke in a con|venient time, and to performe the contract made with his Maje&s;ty. And this we conceive to be better &s;ecurity for the performance of a worke, than any by bonds or lands can be; for no &s;ecurity can make a thing feacible, that is not &s;o in it &s;elfe; and this being feacible, there can
<PB N="27" REF="17">be no better way to a&s;certain the doing of it, than this is.</P>
<P>Security for payment of money is one thing, &s;ecuri|ty for performance of a worke another. That which is good &s;ecurity for the payment of mony, may be no good &s;ecurity for the performance of a worke: and on the con|trary, that may be good &s;ecurity for the performance of a worke, that is not good &s;ecurity for the payment of money. For in&s;tance: an ignorant rich man under|<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">akes to do a worke which he under&s;tands not, nor hath <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ny skill in, and gives &s;ecurity by bond, and covenant <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">o performe it: this though the man be a good man, is no good &s;ecurity that the thing &s;hall be done, becau&s;e he <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">nowes not how to do it, and perhaps hath undertaken <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">hat which is not to be done. On the other &s;ide, a poore <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">rtificer, that is an hone&s;t under&s;tanding man, and his <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">rts-ma&s;ter, undertakes to do a worke that will co&s;t <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">000. pounds, whereas he is not worth perhaps 1000. <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ence, and gives his bond and covenant to performe it. This is good &s;ecurity for the performance of this work, and better than the other, becau&s;e this man is both able and willing to performe what he hath undertaken, and is bound to do, which the other is not, but hath un|dertaken and bound him&s;elfe to do that, which is not to be done, and therefore may and mu&s;t forfeit his bond, but can never do the worke, which would be M. <HI>Fords</HI> ca&s;e, if he &s;hould give &s;ecurity to bring a Navigable Ri|ver from <HI>Rickman&s;worth</HI> in <HI>Hartford&s;hire</HI> to S. <HI>Giles</HI> in <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">he fields, and to deliver the water thereof as pure, as it <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">s in its owne nature, which is ab&s;olutely impo&s;&s;ible, and <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">he other not feacible without a charge far greater than <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">e profit. And now I will adde a word or two in an|<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ver of tho&s;e objections, which are made again&s;t this <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">orke; which are the&s;e three:</P>
<PB N="28" REF="18">
<P> <HI>The first, that the&s;e Springs falling into the River of Lee, and containing &s;o great a quantity of water, as</HI> 12000. <HI>Tun in twenty four houres, the taking away of them will preju|dice Navigation upon that River.</HI></P>
<P><HI>The &s;econd, that if any breach &s;hould happen in this worke after it is fini&s;hed, and &s;hould drowne or &s;poil mens Corne or Meddowes, how &s;hall they be &s;atisfied for that damage?</HI></P>
<P><HI>The third, that the whole profit of this worke, if it be ef|fected, will not an&s;wer the rent of</HI> 4000. <HI>pounds a year re|&s;erved to his Majesty?</HI></P>
<P>The two fir&s;t of the&s;e are made by the inhabitants of <HI>Hartford&s;hire.</HI> The la&s;t by Sir <HI>W. Middleton,</HI> and M. <HI>Ford,</HI> who oppo&s;e, and would hinder this good worke, to them all I hope I &s;hall give full and &s;atisfactory an&s;wers: and to the fir&s;t my an&s;wer is, that the River of <HI>Lee</HI> is Na|vigable to <HI>Ware,</HI> which is 5. or 6. miles higher than <HI>Broxbourne,</HI> where the&s;e &s;prings fall into it.</P>
<P>That between <HI>Ware</HI> and <HI>Broxbourne,</HI> there fall into this River of <HI>Lee</HI> two other Rivers, containing four times as much water as the&s;e &s;prings which we take away, and yet the River is navigable two or three miles above the place where the&s;e &s;treames fall into it.</P>
<P>That this River before it comes to <HI>Broxbourne,</HI> is di|vided into two branches, and yet is navigable notwith|&s;tanding, and the&s;e &s;prings which we take away fall into that branch of <HI>Lee</HI> which is not navigable, &amp; not into the main River, untill that branch fals into it again, that this River where the&s;e &s;prings fall into it, is 80. foot wide and 8. foot deep, and the water which we &s;hall take from it, is onely a Mill-&s;tream, which it hath not alwaye neither, being &s;ometimes for four houres together pen<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> up by the Millar, yet is the River navigable neverthele&s;&s;e all that time, as well as when the Mill goes.</P>
<PB N="29" REF="18">
<P> Now whether a Mill-&s;tream cut off from a River that is 80. foot wide, and 8. foot deep and navigable 5. or 6. miles higher than where the&s;e &s;prings fall into it can at all prejudice or concerne Navigation, I leave to the judgement of tho&s;e that are judicious in matters of this nature; and will onely &s;ay this, that the &s;ame objection lies more &s;trongly again&s;t Sir <HI>William Middletons</HI> worke and M. <HI>Fords</HI> propo&s;ition.</P>
<P>Sir <HI>William Middletons</HI> water being taken from &s;prings which did fall into the &s;ame River 5. miles higher than where the&s;e fall in. And M. <HI>Ford</HI> propo&s;ing to take his new Navigation out of the River of <HI>Colne</HI> which fals in|to the River of <HI>Thames</HI> about <HI>Stanes,</HI> and will exceedingly prejudice Navigation upon that River between <HI>Stanes</HI> and <HI>London.</HI> The Bargemen many times wanting water now between tho&s;e places; and if he take away &s;o much as will make a Navigable River in another place, they mu&s;t needs want &s;o much more as he takes away; and Na|vigation upon <HI>Thames</HI> is of ten times more con&s;equence than this new Navigation can be, which is an objection again&s;t his worke worth the an&s;wering, and not yet an|&s;wered. And if the taking away of a Mill-&s;tream from a Navigable River &s;hal be admitted for a prejudice to Na|vigation; this will be an objection again&s;t all Aqueducts as well as this, &s;ince there is no water but fals into &s;ome Navigable River or other, before it comes into the &s;ea.</P>
<P>Be&s;ides, if the taking away of the&s;e &s;prings from this River would be &s;ome &s;mall prejudice to Navigation up|on it (as it will not) yet it were <HI>Damnum &s;ine injuria,</HI> &s;ince we take them not out of the River, but divert them an|other way before they fall into it. And though to take water out of a River to the prejudice of others be not
<PB N="30" REF="19">lawfull, yet it is lawfull for any man that hath &s;prings ri&s;ing in his owne Land, to divert or convert them to what u&s;e he will, or el&s;e no man might erect Mils or bring water to his owne hou&s;e.</P>
<P>I have been the more large in an&s;wering this objection becau&s;e prejudice to Navigation makes a great noi&s;e, and &s;uch as either cannot or will not under&s;tand what is prejudiciall, and what is not, are apt to beleeve, or at lea&s;t to pretend a prejudice where there is none. But I am confident, that &s;uch as can judge, and come not with a prejudicate opinion, will be clearly &s;atisfied with that which hath been &s;aid, That the diverting of the&s;e &s;prings cannot by any po&s;&s;ibility prejudice Navigation upon the River of <HI>Lee</HI> into which they now fall; but to &s;atisfie the Countrey and all whom this worke con|cernes more fully, that there is no intention to prejudice them by it, Sir <HI>Walter Roberts</HI> will undertake at his owne charge to make Navigation upon that River below <HI>Brox|bourne,</HI> where the&s;e &s;prings fall into it, better than it is above that place, &s;o as they will give their free con&s;ent to this publique good worke, and will not put him to any unnece&s;&s;ary charge or trouble, and he doth hope and pre&s;ume that all that wi&s;h well to the common good will be ready to afford him their furtherance in it, which he &s;hall &s;trive and endeavour to de&s;erve of them. And &s;o I come to the &s;econd objection, which is a <HI>Quaere.</HI></P>
<P><HI>How the Owners and Farmours through who&s;e Lands this Aqueduct is to be carried, &s;hall be &s;atisfied for the damage which they &s;hall receive by it.</HI></P>
<P>To which I an&s;wer, That every mans damage &s;hal be valued by him&s;elfe, or by &s;uch Commi&s;&s;ioners as the Parliament &s;hall appoint, and he &s;hall receive full &s;ati&s;|faction
<PB N="31" REF="19">for it before any worke be done in his land; and for any damage that &s;hall happen afterward by any leak, or breach in the worke when it is fini&s;hed, They &s;hall have the &s;ame &s;atisfaction paid them as &s;oon as the damage is done, and valued. And this damage cannot be much, not happen often, becau&s;e as &s;oon as any &s;uch leak or breach &s;hall be perceived, the waters &s;hall all pre&s;ently be drawne away out of the Aqueduct or channell, and turned into the River of <HI>Lee,</HI> where it runnes now, by a gut laid (as before) in the bottom of the Pond, till the &s;aid leak or breach &s;hal be amended, and the damage &s;atisfied. And mo&s;t of tho&s;e lands which we are to pa&s;&s;e throughly upon a &s;ide-hill, &s;o as there can be no danger of flowing their corne, hay, or gra&s;&s;e, though a breach &s;hould happen in the worke, and for water to run over land, and not to flow it, or &s;tand up|on it, is many times a benefit, and enriching, and can at no time be any great damage to it, yet what &s;oever the damage be, it &s;hall be &s;atisfied as &s;oon as it is done and valued, and before the breach be amended. The&s;e two objections concerne the inhabitants of <HI>Hartford&s;hire,</HI> and the owners and farmours through who&s;e lands the Aqueduct &s;hall pa&s;&s;e, and I hope they are fully an&s;wered.</P>
<P>The third and la&s;t concernes his Maje&s;ty and the under|takers of the worke; and is made by Sir <HI>W. Middleton</HI> and M. <HI>Ford,</HI> who have left nothing un&s;aid, that might be ob|jected again&s;t it; but rather than they would want objecti|ons have at &s;everall times objected things contrary one to another: for when this bu&s;ine&s;&s;e was in agitation before the Lords of the Parliament, then the main objection, that the&s;e Gentlemen made again&s;t this worke, was:</P>
<P><HI>That the&s;e Springs did not yeeld water enough to &s;upply tho&s;e places that were to be &s;upplied by them.</HI></P>
<P>When that was an&s;wered, and a Bill preferred in the
<PB N="32" REF="20">Hou&s;e of Commons, to have an Act of Parliament for the better doing of this worke, then they come with a contra|ry objection; and pretend that the&s;e &s;prings yeeld &s;uch a great quantity of water, that the diverting of them, will prejudice Navigation upon the River of <HI>Lee,</HI> which is 80. foot wide, and 8. foot deep, and navigable 5. miles <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 word"> the place where the&s;e &s;prings fall into it. But as <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 span"> jection is very ea&s;ily an&s;wered, &s;o their oppo&s;ition <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">s a &s;trong argument (what&s;oever they pretend to the contra|ry) that they conceive this worke to be both feacible and profitable to the Common-wealth; for if it were not both, it could not prejudice them, nor their workes, nor &s;tir them up to oppo&s;e it as they do: and being feacible and good for the Common-wealth, I hope their oppo&s;ition &s;hall not hinder it.</P>
<P>And whereas they affirme, that &s;o great a rent as 4000. pounds a year cannot be rai&s;ed out of this worke; If they will admit but this ground (which they cannot with rea&s;on deny) that men will be willing to give as much for good water, as they give now for bad, I will make it very plain and demon&s;trative, that the rents and profits of this worke will be above 10000. pounds a year. For 12000. Tun of water which is the quantity and proportion that the&s;e &s;prings do yeeld in 24. houres, will plentifully &s;erve above 40000. hou&s;es, which at 5. &s;hillings an hou&s;e comes to 10000. pounds a year, and the poore&s;t men will not grutch to give 5. &s;hillings a year for good water, which is little above a penny a week.</P>
<P>And thus having at large &s;hewed the feacibility and be|nefit of this worke, and an&s;wered the objections made a|gain&s;t it, I &s;hall be an humble &s;uitor to his Maje&s;ty, and to both Hou&s;es, that we may have an Act of Parliament for the better doing of it, that we loo&s;e not the benefit of this year, having money &amp; materials provided and ready for it.</P>
<TRAILER>FINIS.</TRAILER>
<PB REF="20">
</DIV1>
</BODY>
</TEXT>
</EEBO>
</ETS>
