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<DATE>2013-01-28</DATE>
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<NAME>Alexis Jakobson</NAME>
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<FRONT>
<DIV1 TYPE="title page">
<PB REF="1" MS="y">
<P><HI>Etmullerus</HI> Abridg'd: OR, A Compleat Sy&s;tem of the Theory and Practice of Phy&s;ic.</P>
<P>BEING A DESCRIPTION OF All <HI>Di&s;ea&s;es</HI> Incident to Men, Women and Children.</P>
<P>WITH An Account of their <HI>Cau&s;es, Symptoms,</HI> and mo&s;t approved methods <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 word"> <HI>Cure, PHYSICAL</HI> and <HI>CHIR&V;RG<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="MURP" EXTENT="3 letters">L.</HI></P>
<P>To which is prefix'd a &s;hort View <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 word"> the Animal and Vital Functions; and the &s;ev<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="MURP" EXTENT="4 letters"> Vertu<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters"> and Cla&s;&s;es of Med<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">cines.</P>
<P>Tran&s;lated from the la&s;t Edition of the Works of <HI>Michael ETMUILER&V;S,</HI> late Profe&s;&s;or o<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> Phy&s;ic in the Univer&s;ity of <HI>Leipt&s;ich.</HI></P>
<P><HI>LONDON:</HI> Printed for <HI>E. Harris,</HI> at the <HI>Harrow</HI> in <HI>Litte-Britain, F. Hubbard,</HI> next Door to the <HI>Crown Tavern</HI> in <HI>Duck Lane,</HI> and <HI>A. Bell,</HI> at the <HI>Cro&s;s Keys</HI> and <HI><GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 word"></HI> in <HI>Cornhill,</HI> near <HI>Stocks-Market.</HI> 1699.</P>
<PB REF="2">
<PB REF="2" MS="y">
<GAP DESC="duplicate" EXTENT="1 page">
</DIV1>
<DIV1 TYPE="translator's preface">
<PB REF="3" MS="y">
<PB REF="3">
<HEAD>THE TRANSLATOR's PREFACE.</HEAD>
<P>SInce Practical Sciences are infinitely more u&s;eful to man|kind, than the mo&s;t Curious &s;peculations; Doubtle&s;s, the <HI>Practice</HI> of <HI>Phy&s;ic</HI> may ju&s;tly claim the &s;ame Privilege, with re&s;pect to its Theoric Companions. <HI>Anatomy, Chy|my, Botany,</HI> and the whole Circle of Sciences that retain to <HI>Phy&s;ic,</HI> are only &s;erviceable when they con&s;pire to improve a regular and &s;afe <HI>Practice.</HI> When they carry on any differ|ent de&s;ign, their Po&s;itions are de&s;ervedly neglected as idle and u&s;ele&s;s Curio&s;ities. The only plea they can make, is, the Diver&s;ion and Entertainment of a few who&s;e Heads are turned that way. Whereas, the Advantage and Benefit of the World is the Re&s;ult of Practical Truths.</P>
<P>&V;pon this Account, I cho&s;e to abridge <HI>Etmullerus</HI> his <HI>Practice</HI> of <HI>Phy&s;ic,</HI> as being the center and &s;ub&s;tance of all his Perfor|mances. The Choice was determin'd by the Advantage which accrues to the Theory in being applied to Practice, and back'd by Experience, without which no Argument is good; in being deli|ver'd in &s;uch a method as mu&s;t naturally ingro&s;s all its u&s;e|ful and in&s;tructing Part, and leave out what is only Calcu|lated for Diver&s;ion and Plea&s;ure. Thus, 'tis re&s;tor'd to its Natural tendency, and &s;tamp'd with an inviting Character.
<PB REF="4">'Tis clear'd of the Crimes that are charg'd upon frivolous ni|ceties, and recommended to the World as a &s;ub&s;tantial and nece&s;&s;ary part of Phy&s;ic.</P>
<P>Had this method been always follow'd, it had prevented a great many Inconveniences; as it will appear by the following In&s;tances. Mo&s;t of our Cour&s;es of Practice are &s;tuff<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">d with the Nau&s;eous Repetition of ineffectual Med'|cines. Their unexperienc'd Authors deliver their mi&s;taken notions as a &s;tanding Rule, and with an a&s;&s;uming Air pre|tend to Dictat to Experience. So great is the <HI>Self-&s;uffici|ency</HI> of a teeming, Brain, and &s;uch is the Con&s;equence of that unhappy Di&s;tinction between the <HI>Theory</HI> of Di&s;ea&s;es, and Actual Practice; By this means Various Sects ari&s;e, Their re&s;pective Votaries become Phy&s;icians by Eccho and form their precarious methods from the <HI>Placita</HI> of Opinionative Men: The m<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">&s;t &s;olid and u&s;eful Po&s;itions are mi&s;con&s;tru'd, or wrangl'd away; and plain Practice is confronted by vain fancies, or run down by the humor and bya&s;s of a Party.</P>
<P>On the other hand, a certain &s;et of Men, di&s;oblig'd by the &s;tiffne&s;s of the &s;peculative Tribe, and their &s;mall regard to Experience, have cho&s;e to lay a&s;ide all the advantages of (e|ven u&s;eful) Theory, and tru&s;t wholly to the Conduct of an Ignorant Experience. Thus Med'cines, that in a few &s;in|gular In&s;tances have been Crown'd with &s;ucce&s;s, are recom|mended as infallible in all Di&s;ea&s;es of the like form. Where|as, were the&s;e Empyric Pretenders acquainted with the Va|rious Cau&s;es of the &s;ame effect, and the peculiar Constitu|tions of Men, they would be able to &s;ingle out the particu|lar Ca&s;es in which their Med'cines are proper, and &s;econd 'em with &s;olid Rea&s;ons. But they fooli&s;hly di&s;dain the lea&s;t Tincture of Knowledge; they boldly decry what they do not under&s;tand: and with a &s;ucce&s;sful impudence, impo&s;e upon a Credulous World.</P>
<P>Now the re&s;ult of all, is, that a happy Conjunction of Speculative and Experimental <HI>Knowledge,</HI> is the only re|medy of the Inconveniences that Cramp a regular <HI>Practice.</HI> And 'tis in great mea&s;ure, accompli&s;h'd in the following &s;heets: Here the orderly Scheme of the functions of the
<PB REF="4">Body, The General Cla&s;&s;es and Vertues of Medicines, and their forms of Pre&s;cription, are briefly accounted for, in few Preliminary Chapters. Here the Reader will meet with the Spirit and Perfection of Practice, &s;upported by all the <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="3 letters">ful di&s;coveries of <HI>Anatomy,</HI> and <HI>Chymy,</HI> and a Judicious Account of the <HI>Materia Medica.</HI> Here the nicest <HI>Phylo&s;opher</HI> will find entertainment an&s;werable to his humor; and the meane&s;t <HI>Empyric,</HI> will be Accommodated with &s;uitable In&s;truction. Our Author omits nothing that may promote the Grand de&s;ign. He rea&s;ons with the manly force and Dexterity of a Philo&s;opher, and yet &s;toops to the meane&s;t stroke of unaccountable <HI>Experi|ence.</HI> He weighs all the In&s;tances of <HI>Quack-Cures,</HI> even <HI>Sympathy</HI> it &s;elf he pay's a deference to, and choo&s;<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">s ra|ther to check the mo&s;t refin'd rea&s;on, than controul matter of fact. He traces the Ancients to their earlye&s;t date, and omits no piece of Modern Di&s;covery. He Reconciles the Experience of former Ages, with the improvements of lat|er Authors. He unites the jarring Hypothe&s;es of <HI>Willis, Sylvius</HI> and <HI>Helmont;</HI> and makes 'em con&s;pire to illu&s;trat and imbelli&s;h an uniform Practice.</P>
<P>In the Divi&s;ion of Di&s;ea&s;es he choo&s;es to follow the mo&s;t Natural method, in ranking 'em with the functions of the Body, and fetching in the Stragglers to the place where their cau&s;e is lodg'd. In this he was oblig'd to depart from the ordinary mea&s;ures of our <HI>Common-Place Writers,</HI> who &s;plit di&s;ea&s;es as their effects va<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">y, and multiply 'em according to the Number of their Symptoms. By &s;o doing he avoid, the Inconvenience of Charging our memories with multiplyed Cures, that may be compa&s;s'd by one method. As for In|&s;tance, he fetches the cau&s;e of all <HI>Chronical</HI> Di&s;ea&s;es from the Stomac; and with one Blow Cuts off the Prepo&s;terous plea of Ob&s;tructions in the Bowels, and a Numberle&s;s train of Symptoms. Nay, he Penetrates into the hidden &s;ource of mo&s;t of our Northern Di&s;ea&s;es; and by accoun|ting for that l<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">pps off a great deal of unnece&s;&s;ary <HI>Practice:</HI> As it appears by his method of Curing Children's Di&s;tempers; which has already met with a welcome reception from the Engli&s;h World.</P>
<PB REF="5">
<P>But, 'tis a needle&s;s piece of formality, to anticipat the Reader's Curio&s;ity with a Character of the Book or Author. His Name is an Ample Recommendation. His Works (in the Language of the Learned) have been receiv'd both here and abroad, with the unanimous Approbation of the be&s;t Judges; and have justly Entitled him to the Character he bears in the Title-Page of their La&s;t Edition at <HI>Am&s;terdam,</HI> viz. <HI>Practicus per Omnem Europam Celeberrimus.</HI> His <HI>Practice</HI> of <HI>Phy&s;ic</HI> is doubtle&s;s the Compleate&s;t now extant: As being &s;o admirably fitted for all the Mea&s;ures of Theory and Practice. 'Tis Countenanc'd by <HI>Anatomy,</HI> Improv'd by <HI>Chymy,</HI> di&s;tingui&s;h'd in the Minutest Circum&s;tances, warranted by Experience, and fini&s;h'd to the la&s;t Degree. His <HI>Method</HI> is <HI>Ea&s;y;</HI> The <HI>Cau&s;es</HI> he a&s;&s;igns to Di&s;ea&s;es are <HI>Natural,</HI> his <HI>Rea&s;ons</HI> Convincing, his <HI>Proofs</HI> Solid, his <HI>Cautions</HI> Sea&s;onable, his <HI>Ob&s;ervations</HI> Ju&s;t, his <HI>Expe|riments</HI> true, His <HI>Vouchers</HI> Men of Credit, his <HI>Med'|cines</HI> Nicely Prepar'd, and all his <HI>Compo&s;itions</HI> admirably well Contriv'd. In a word, every Period of his Writings may furni&s;h us with convincing Proofs of his Infinit <HI>Read|ing,</HI> clear <HI>Apprehen&s;ion,</HI> &s;olid <HI>Judgment,</HI> large <HI>Experi|ence,</HI> and un&s;ully'd <HI>Integrity.</HI></P>
<P>As for the Abridgment, or <HI>Tran&s;lation;</HI> I &s;hall nei|ther trouble the Reader nor my &s;elf with any Apology for it. If the Imperfections are only &s;uch, as, the hurry of the Pre&s;s, the Injunctions of Book&s;ellers, the limited Number of &s;heets, and the Common plea of over&s;ights may account for, I have &s;ome Title to be&s;peak forgivene&s;s of the Reader. If it be ju&s;tly charg'd with gro&s;&s;er faults, I can offer no deference that's &s;ufficient.</P>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 TYPE="table of contents">
<PB REF="5">
<HEAD>THE CONTENTS</HEAD>
<LIST>
<HEAD>OF THE Introduction.</HEAD>
<ITEM><HI>SECT.</HI> I. Of the General Vertues of Med'cines. p. 3</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Sect.</HI> II. Of the Vital Functions of the Body. p. 5</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Sect.</HI> III. Of Acid, Alcalin, Pituitous, and Serous <HI>Caco|chymies,</HI> or Corruptions of the Juices in the Body: p. 12</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Sect.</HI> IV. Of the Med'cines that Evacuat the Corrupt Juices of the Body. p. 17
<LIST>
<ITEM>Chap. I. <HI>Of Vomiting Med'cines.</HI> Ibid.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Chap. II. <HI>Of Purging Med'cines.</HI> p. 25</ITEM>
<ITEM>Chap. III. <HI>Of the Med'cines that provoke &V;rine.</HI> p. 35</ITEM>
<ITEM>Chap. IV. <HI>Of the Med'cines that procure Sweat.</HI> p. 38</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Sect.</HI> V. Of the Animal Faculty. p. 41</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Sect.</HI> VI. Of the Choice of Practical Authors. p. 45</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<PB REF="6">
<HEAD>The Contents of the Fir&s;t Book.</HEAD>
<ITEM><HI>SECT.</HI> I. Of the Appetit, and the Di&s;orders 'tis Obnoxi|ous to. p. 47
<LIST>
<ITEM>Chap. I. <HI>Of the lo&s;s of Appetit.</HI> p. 48</ITEM>
<ITEM>Chap. II. <HI>Of the Depravation of the Appetit.</HI> p. 56</ITEM>
<ITEM>Chap. III. <HI>Of an Immoderat, or Dog-Hunger.</HI> p. 59</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Sect.</HI> II. Of the Di&s;orders of Thir&s;t. p. 62
<LIST>
<ITEM>Chap. I. <HI>Of Immoderat Thirst.</HI> Ibid.</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Sect.</HI> III. Of Di&s;ea&s;es relating to the Chewing Faculty. p. 66
<LIST>
<ITEM>Chap. I. <HI>Of the Contor&s;ion of the Mu&s;cles of the mouth, or a</HI> Dog-Cramp. Ibid.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Chap. II. <HI>Of the Lo&s;s, Corruption, Blackne&s;s, Loo&s;ene&s;s, Numne&s;s, and Chilne&s;s of the Teeth.</HI> p. 68</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Sect.</HI> IV. Of the Di&s;ea&s;es that hinder &s;wallowing. p. 72</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Sect.</HI> V. Of the hindrances of Chylification. p. 74
<LIST>
<ITEM>Chap. I. <HI>Of Di&s;ea&s;es Incumbring, or Extingui&s;hing Chylifi|cation.</HI> p. 74</ITEM>
<ITEM>Chap. II. <HI>Of Wind in the Stomac or Guts.</HI> p. 79</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Sect.</HI> VI. Of the Di&s;ea&s;es that hinder the Retention of Food in the Stomac. p. 83
<LIST>
<ITEM>Chap. I. <HI>Of a Vomiting and Loathing of Meat.</HI> Ibid.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Chap. II. <HI>Of a Vomiting of Blood.</HI> p. 87</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Sect.</HI> VII. Of Pains in the Stomac. p. 90</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Sect.</HI> VIII. Of di&s;orders hindring the due &s;eparation of the Chyle from the Excrements in the Guts. p. 96</ITEM>
<PB REF="6">
<ITEM><HI>Sect.</HI> IX. Of di&s;orders relating to the Expul&s;ion of the Excrements by Stool. p. 98
<LIST>
<ITEM>Chap. I. <HI>Of the Di&s;ea&s;es which impair the Evacuation by Stool.</HI> Ibid.
<LIST>
<ITEM>Art. I. <HI>Of Co&s;tivene&s;s.</HI> Ibid.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Art. II. <HI>Of the Iliac Pa&s;&s;ion.</HI> p. 102</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
<ITEM>Chap. II. <HI>Of the Di&s;ea&s;es which inlarge the Quantity of Ex|crements voided by Stool.</HI> p. 106
<LIST>
<ITEM>Art. I. <HI>Of a L<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">o&s;ene&s;s.</HI> Ibid.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Art. II. <HI>Of the Di&s;ea&s;e call'd</HI> Cholera. p. 112</ITEM>
<ITEM>Art. III. <HI>Of a</HI> Lienteria. p. 114</ITEM>
<ITEM>Art. IV. <HI>Of the Loo&s;ene&s;s call'd</HI> Caeliaca. p. 115</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
<ITEM>Chap. III. <HI>Of Depravations relating to the Expul&s;ion of Ex|crements by Stool.</HI> p. 116
<LIST>
<ITEM>Art. I. <HI>Of a Dy&s;entery, Tene&s;mus, Hepatic Flux, and Itch|ing of the Anus.</HI> Ibid.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Art. II. <HI>Of the Piles.</HI> p. 125</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Sect.</HI> X. Of Worms in the Guts. p. 130</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Sect.</HI> XI. Of Pains in the Guts, and Particularly of the Colic. p. 132</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Sect.</HI> XII. Of the Vicious Po&s;tures of the Guts. p. 141
<LIST>
<ITEM>Chap. I. <HI>Of Ruptures.</HI> Ibid.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Chap. II. <HI>Of the Downfalling of the</HI> Anus. p. 144</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Sect.</HI> XIII. Of the Encumbrances of the Chyle in its Pa&s;|&s;age from the Guts. p. 146</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Sect.</HI> XIV. Of Di&s;ea&s;es relating to the Lungs and Organs of Re&s;piration. p. 150
<LIST>
<ITEM>Chap. I. <HI>Of In&s;piration Aboli&s;h'd, or Suffocation.</HI> p. 150</ITEM>
<ITEM>Chap. II. <HI>Of In&s;piration deprav'd, or difficult Breathing.</HI> p. 152
<LIST>
<ITEM>Art. I. <HI>Of A&s;thma's.</HI> Ibid.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Art. II. <HI>Of a Hiccough.</HI> p. 158</ITEM>
<ITEM>Art. III. <HI>Of the Night-mare.</HI> p. 160</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
<ITEM>Chap. III. <HI>Of Di&s;orders relating to Ex&s;piration.</HI> p. 161
<LIST>
<ITEM>Art. I. <HI>Of Immoderat Snee&s;ing.</HI> Ibid.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Art. II. <HI>Of di&s;orders of the Voice.</HI> p. 162</ITEM>
<ITEM>Art. III. <HI>Of a Cough.</HI> p. 164</ITEM>
<PB REF="7">
<ITEM>Art. IV. <HI>Of a Choaking Catarh.</HI> p. 171</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Sect.</HI> XV. Of the Accidents that di&s;turb the transformation of the Chyle, and fermentation of the Blood. p. 193
<LIST>
<ITEM>Chap. I. <HI>Of Feavers in General.</HI> p. 195</ITEM>
<ITEM>Chap. II. <HI>Of Intermitting Feavers.</HI> p. 204</ITEM>
<ITEM>Chap. III. <HI>Of Continual Feavers.</HI> p. 230</ITEM>
<ITEM>Chap. IV. <HI>Of &s;low Feavers.</HI> p. 244
<LIST>
<ITEM>Art. I. <HI>Of Catarrh-Feavers, or &s;uch as proceed from the Lymph, &s;eparated in the Round Globe-like Glandules</HI> ib.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Art. II. <HI>Of Feavers proceeding from the Lymph of the Conglo|merated Glandules, or &s;uch as are roll'd into a Clu&s;ter</HI> p. 247</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
<ITEM>Chap. V. <HI>Of malignant Feavers</HI> p. 254</ITEM>
<ITEM>Chap. VI. <HI>Of the Small Pox and Mea&s;les</HI> p. 265</ITEM>
<ITEM>Chop. VII. <HI>Of the Plague and Pe&s;tilential Feavers</HI> p. 273</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Sect.</HI> XVI. Of Di&s;orders relating to the Blood's motion from the Heart to the outer Parts p. 281
<LIST>
<ITEM>Chap. I. <HI>Of the Palpitation and Trembling of the Heart.</HI> p. 282</ITEM>
<ITEM>Chap. II. <HI>Of Swoonings.</HI> p. 286</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Sect.</HI> XVII. Of Nutrition: p. 290
<LIST>
<ITEM>Chap. I. <HI>Of a Con&s;umption and Phthi&s;ic</HI> p. 291</ITEM>
<ITEM>Chap. II. <HI>Of Immoderat Nutrition, or Corpulency.</HI> p. 300</ITEM>
<ITEM>Chap. III. <HI>Of a Deprav'd Nutrition.</HI> p. 302
<LIST>
<ITEM>Art. I. <HI>Of a Cachexy, Leucophlegmacy and Ana&s;arca.</HI> Ibid.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Art. II. <HI>Of a &V;niver&s;al Drop&s;y.</HI> p. 305</ITEM>
<ITEM>Art. III. <HI>Of the Yellow, Black and White Jaundice.</HI> p. 314</ITEM>
<ITEM>Art. IV. <HI>Of the French Pox.</HI> p. 318</ITEM>
<ITEM>Art. V. <HI>Of the Hypochondriacal and Scorbutical Di&s;ea&s;es.</HI> p. 326</ITEM>
<ITEM>Art. VI. <HI>Of Breakings-out in the Skin.</HI> p. 346</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Sect.</HI> XVIII. Of Di&s;ea&s;es hindring the regular Reflux of the Blood to the Heart. p. 353
<LIST>
<ITEM>Chap. I. <HI>Of Inflammations.</HI> Ibid.
<LIST>
<ITEM>Art. I. <HI>Of a Quin&s;ey, Thru&s;h and Falling of the</HI> Uvula, <HI>or Palat of the mouth.</HI> p. 356</ITEM>
<ITEM>Art. II. <HI>Of Inflammations of the Stomac, Guts and Fun|dament.</HI> p. 360</ITEM>
<PB REF="7">
<ITEM>Art. III. <HI>Of Inflammations of the Me&s;entery, Sweet-bread and Caul.</HI> p. 362</ITEM>
<ITEM>Art. IV. <HI>Of Inflammations of the Internal Parts of the Brea&s;t, and Particularly of a Pleuri&s;y and</HI> Peripneu|monia. p. 364</ITEM>
<ITEM>Art. V. <HI>Of Inflammations and &V;lcers of the Liver and Spleen.</HI> p. 371</ITEM>
<ITEM>Art. VI. <HI>Of Inflammations and &V;lcers of the Kidneys.</HI> p. 373</ITEM>
<ITEM>Art. VII. <HI>Of Inflammations and &V;lcers of the Bladder.</HI> p. 375</ITEM>
<ITEM>Art. VIII. <HI>Of a Phren&s;y, or Inflammation of the Mem|brans of the Brain.</HI> p. 377</ITEM>
<ITEM>Art. IX. <HI>Of the Genuin and Spurious Inflammations of the Eyes</HI> p. 378</ITEM>
<ITEM>Art. X. <HI>Of Inflammations and &V;lcers in the Ears.</HI> p. 383</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
<ITEM>Chap. II. <HI>Of the Effu&s;ion of Blood into the Cavities of the Bo|dy, and Particularly of an</HI> Empyema p. 384</ITEM>
<ITEM>Chap. III. <HI>Of a Bleeding, or the Bur&s;ting of the Blood Ve&s;&s;els</HI> p. 389
<LIST>
<ITEM>Art. I. <HI>Of Bleeding at the No&s;e and Gums.</HI> p. 394</ITEM>
<ITEM>Art. II. <HI>Of a Spitting of Blood.</HI> p. 396</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Sect.</HI> XIX. Of Di&s;ea&s;es relating to the Alterations of the Blood in the Spleen, Liver and Kidneys. p. 399
<LIST>
<ITEM>Chap. I. <HI>Of Di&s;tempers relating to the &s;eparation of Serum in the Kidneys.</HI> p. 401
<LIST>
<ITEM>Art. I. <HI>Of an</HI> I&s;churia <HI>in the Kidneys, or a Suppre&s;&s;ion of &V;rine ari&s;ing from the want of a due &s;eparation in the Reins.</HI> Ibid.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Art. II. <HI>Of the Stone in the Kidneys.</HI> p. 405</ITEM>
<ITEM>Art. III. <HI>Of a Diabetes, or Exce&s;&s;ive flux of &V;rine.</HI> p. 414</ITEM>
<ITEM>Art. IV. <HI>Of a Pi&s;&s;ing of Blood.</HI> p. 416</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
<ITEM>Chap. II. <HI>Of Di&s;ea&s;es relating to the Expul&s;ion of &V;rine from the Bladder.</HI> p. 418
<LIST>
<ITEM>Art. I. <HI>Of a total &s;uppre&s;&s;ion of &V;rine, ari&s;ing from its &s;tay in the Bladder.</HI> Ibid.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Art. II. <HI>Of the Stone in the Bladder.</HI> p. 421</ITEM>
<ITEM>Art. III. <HI>Of the Incontinence of &V;rine.</HI> p. 422</ITEM>
<ITEM>Art. IV. <HI>Of a Strangury.</HI> p. 424</ITEM>
<ITEM>Art. V. <HI>Of a Dy&s;uria, or Heat of &V;rine.</HI> p. 425</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Sect.</HI> XX. Of Di&s;ea&s;es relating to the &s;eparation of Lymph in the Glandules, and its regular motion: p. 427
<PB REF="8">
<LIST>
<ITEM>Art. I. <HI>Of Catarrhs.</HI> p. 428</ITEM>
<ITEM>Art. II. <HI>Of a</HI> Coryza. p. 431</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>The Contents of the Second Book.</HEAD>
<ITEM><HI>SECT.</HI> I. Of the Di&s;ea&s;es which di&s;turb the Generation and Di&s;tribution of the Animal Spirits, and Con&s;e|quently the due performance of &s;en&s;e and motion. p. 433
<LIST>
<ITEM>Chap. I. <HI>Of Immoderat Watchings.</HI> p. 435</ITEM>
<ITEM>Chap. II. <HI>Of Exce&s;&s;ive &s;leep.</HI> p. 438</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Sect.</HI> II. Of the External Sen&s;es. p. 444
<LIST>
<ITEM>Chap. I. <HI>Of Di&s;ea&s;es relating to the Eyes.</HI> Ibid.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Chap. II. <HI>Of the Di&s;orders of the Ears.</HI> p. 455</ITEM>
<ITEM>Chap. III. <HI>Of the &s;en&s;e of feeling, and the di&s;orders 'tis ob|noxious to.</HI> p. 460
<LIST>
<ITEM>Art. I. <HI>Of Pain in General.</HI> p. 461</ITEM>
<ITEM>Art. II. <HI>Of &s;harp tearing Pains in the Joynts.</HI> p. 463</ITEM>
<ITEM>Art. III. <HI>Of the Tooth-Ach.</HI> p. 465</ITEM>
<ITEM>Art. IV. <HI>Of the Aches of the Eyes.</HI> p. 467</ITEM>
<ITEM>Art. V. <HI>Of Pains in the Ears.</HI> p. 468</ITEM>
<ITEM>Art. VI. <HI>Of Head-Achs.</HI> p. 469</ITEM>
<ITEM>Art. VII. <HI>Of Arthritic Pains.</HI> p. 476</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
<ITEM>Chap. IV. <HI>Of the Di&s;orders of the Sen&s;e of Tasting</HI> p. 481</ITEM>
<ITEM>Chap. V. <HI>Of the di&s;orders of the &s;en&s;e of &s;melling.</HI> p. 484</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Sect.</HI> III. Of the di&s;orders of the Internal Sen&s;es and Ani|mal Functions. p. 487
<LIST>
<ITEM>Chap. I. <HI>Of a &s;wimming in the Head and Preter-natural Commotion of the Spirits in the Brain.</HI> p. 488</ITEM>
<ITEM>Chap. II. <HI>Of the Irregular Incur&s;ions of the Spirits into the Ex|ternal Parts.</HI> p. 492
<LIST>
<ITEM>Art. I. <HI>Of Alternat Convul&s;ions, and the Epilep&s;y or Fal|ling Sickne&s;s.</HI> p. 493</ITEM>
<ITEM>Art. II. <HI>Of a Cramp, or continu'd Contraction.</HI> p. 503</ITEM>
<PB REF="8">
<ITEM>Art. III. <HI>Of Trembling.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
<ITEM>Chap. III. <HI>Of the Di&s;ea&s;es in which the Animal Spirits cea&s;e to move.</HI> p. 507
<LIST>
<ITEM>Art. I. <HI>Of an Apoplexy.</HI> Ibid:</ITEM>
<ITEM>Art. II. <HI>Of Particular Apoplexies.</HI> p. 520</ITEM>
<ITEM>Art. III. <HI>Of a Pal&s;y.</HI> p. 523</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
<ITEM>Chap. IV. <HI>Of the Deficiency of Rational Operations.</HI> p. 532
<LIST>
<ITEM>Art. I. <HI>Of the Defect of Memory and Stupidity.</HI> Ibid.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Art. II. <HI>Of Doating, or Deliriums in General.</HI> p. 536</ITEM>
<ITEM>Art. III. <HI>Of Deliriums ari&s;ing from Internal Cau&s;es,</HI> viz. <HI>Phren&s;ies, Melancholly and Madne&s;s.</HI> p. 537</ITEM>
<ITEM>Art. IV. <HI>Of Deliriums from External Cau&s;es.</HI> p. 553</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>The Contents of the Third Book. <HI>Of the Di&s;ea&s;es Peculiar to the Male Sex.</HI></HEAD>
<ITEM><HI>SECT.</HI> I. Of the Di&s;orders of the Genital Liquor in Mens Bodies. p. 557
<LIST>
<ITEM>Chap. I. <HI>Of the Defect or In&s;ufficiency of the Genital Liquor in Men.</HI> p. 558
<LIST>
<ITEM>Art. I. <HI>Of the Inflammation of the Te&s;ticles.</HI> p. 561</ITEM>
<ITEM>Art. II. <HI>Of a</HI> Pueumatocele, <HI>or Distention of the Stones by Wind.</HI> p. 562</ITEM>
<ITEM>Art. III. <HI>Of a</HI> Hydrocele, <HI>or Collection of Water within the Membrans of the Stones.</HI> p. 563</ITEM>
<ITEM>Art. IV. <HI>Of the Schirrous &s;wellings of the Stones.</HI> p. 564</ITEM>
<ITEM>Art. V. <HI>Of a</HI> Sarcocele, <HI>or fle&s;hy &s;welling of the Stones.</HI> p. 565</ITEM>
<ITEM>Art. VI. <HI>Of the Distention of the Spermatic Veins, or</HI> Hernia Varico&s;a. p. 566</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
<ITEM>Chap. II. <HI>Of the Irregular Ejaculation of the Seed.</HI> Ibid.
<LIST>
<ITEM>Art. I. <HI>Of a Running, or Involuntary Emi&s;&s;ion of the Geni|tal Liquor.</HI> Ibid.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Art. II. <HI>Of the Over-hasty Ejaculation of the &s;eminal matter.</HI> p. 571</ITEM>
<ITEM>Art. III. <HI>Of the Over-&s;low Ejaculation of the &s;eminal matter.</HI> Ibid.</ITEM>
<PB REF="9">
<ITEM>Art. IV. <HI>Of Caruneles in the Yard, hindring the Ejection of Seed.</HI> p. 572</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Sect.</HI> II. Of di&s;orders relating to the Erection of the Yard. Ibid.
<LIST>
<ITEM>Chap. I. <HI>Of Impotency, or the Defect of Erection of the Yard.</HI> p. 573</ITEM>
<ITEM>Chap. II. <HI>Of the Immoderat Erection of the Yard.</HI> p. 574</ITEM>
<ITEM>Chap. III. <HI>Of the Depravation of the Erection of the Yard.</HI> p. 576</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>The Contents of the Fourth Book. <HI>Of Di&s;ea&s;es Peculiar to Women.</HI></HEAD>
<ITEM><HI>SECT.</HI> I. Of the Di&s;orders of the Men&s;trual Flux. p. 578
<LIST>
<ITEM>Chap. I. <HI>Of the Deficiency of the Terms.</HI> p. 579</ITEM>
<ITEM>Chap. II. <HI>Of the Immoderat Flux of the Terms.</HI> p. 584</ITEM>
<ITEM>Chap. III. <HI>Of the Depravation of the Men&s;trual Flux.</HI> p. 587
<LIST>
<ITEM>Art. I. <HI>Of &V;nea&s;yne&s;s attending the Men&s;trual Flux.</HI> Ibid.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Art. II. <HI>Of the le&s;&s;er Quantity of the Monthly Flux.</HI> p. 589</ITEM>
<ITEM>Art. III. <HI>Of the Flux of the Terms by Drops.</HI> Ibid.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Art. IV. <HI>Of &s;everal other defaults of the Terms.</HI> p. 590</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
<ITEM>Chap. IV. <HI>Of the Whites, or White Flux.</HI> p. 591</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Sect.</HI> II. Of the Di&s;orders of Women, relating to the Vene|real Appetit. p. 594
<LIST>
<ITEM>Chap. I. <HI>Of the Lo&s;s of Virginity.</HI> Ibid.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Chap. II. <HI>Of the Depravation of the Venereal Appetit.</HI> p. 595</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Sect.</HI> III. Of the di&s;orders of the whole Body &s;uppos'd to proceed from the Womb. p. 597
<LIST>
<ITEM>Chap. I. <HI>Of the Green Sickne&s;s.</HI> Ibid.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Chap. II. <HI>Of a Cachexy in Women.</HI> p. 598</ITEM>
<ITEM>Chap. III. <HI>Of the Hy&s;teric Pa&s;&s;ion.</HI> p. 600</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
<PB REF="9">
<ITEM><HI>Sect.</HI> IV. Of the di&s;orders of Women denying Admi&s;&s;ion to Men. p. 604
<LIST>
<ITEM>Chap. I. <HI>Of the Downfalling of the Womb.</HI> Ibid.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Chap. II. <HI>Of the Inflammation of the Womb.</HI> p. 606</ITEM>
<ITEM>Chap. III. <HI>Of &V;lcers in the Womb and Vagina.</HI> p. 607</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Sect.</HI> V. Of Di&s;orders relating to Conception. <HI>Ibid.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Sect.</HI> VI. Of the Conduct of Bigbelly'd Women. p. 612</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Sect.</HI> VII. Of Di&s;orders relating to Child-Birth. p. 615</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Sect.</HI> VIII. Of the Management of Women in Child-Bed. p. 620</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Sect.</HI> IX. Of Di&s;orders relating to Suckling. p. 627</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>The Contents of the Fifth Book.</HEAD>
<ITEM><HI>Of the Di&s;ea&s;es of Children.</HI> p. 630</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>The Contents of the Sixth Book. <HI>Of Surgery.</HI> 644</HEAD>
<ITEM>CHAP. I. <HI>Of Tumors.</HI> p. 645</ITEM>
<ITEM>Chap. II. <HI>Of Wounds.</HI> p. 658</ITEM>
<ITEM>Chap. III. <HI>Of &V;lcers.</HI> p. 666</ITEM>
<ITEM>Chap. IV. <HI>Of Di&s;locations.</HI> p. 671</ITEM>
<ITEM>Chap. V. <HI>Of Fractures.</HI> p. 673</ITEM>
<ITEM>Chap. VI. <HI>Of a Gangrene, or Sphacelus</HI> p. 675</ITEM>
</LIST>
</DIV1>
</FRONT>
<BODY>
<DIV1 TYPE="text">
<PB REF="10">
<PB N="1" REF="10" MS="y">
<HEAD>AN ABRIDGMENT OF ETMULLERUS's <HI>Practice of Phy&s;ic,</HI> &amp;c.</HEAD>
<DIV2 TYPE="introduction">
<HEAD>THE <HI>INTROD&V;CTION.</HI></HEAD>
<P>HAving undertaken to compile a Sy&s;tem of Phy&s;ic, I am oblig'd, in the fir&s;t place, to di&s;tingui&s;h the <HI>Common</HI> and <HI>Ordinary</HI> Practice from that which is <HI>&V;ncommon</HI> and <HI>Extraordinary.</HI> The former is, as yet, very Lame, by rea&s;on of the Scarcity of Chymical and Anatomical Experiments; which occa&s;ions our Ignorance of the Radical Cau&s;es of Di&s;ea&s;es, and leaves on|ly &s;ome occa&s;ional Symptoms to build the Theory upon. Nor is it le&s;s deficient in Generous and Proper Remedies, which might effectually accompli&s;h the De&s;ign, with le&s;s Violence and Torture to the Stomach; Such as <HI>Paracel&s;us, Helmont,</HI> and other Noted Chymi&s;ts have di&s;tingui&s;h'd them|&s;elves by.</P>
<PB N="2" REF="11">
<P>The <HI>Extraordinary Practice</HI> differs from the former, both in the Nature of its Remedies, which are all <HI>Arcana</HI>'s, tho otherwi&s;e never &s;o common: And in the manner of their Operation, which is generally perform'd by Sympa|thy, Inchantment, or &s;ome &s;uch Secret way. This I re&s;erve to the Latter End; and &s;hall now confine my &s;elf to the <HI>Ordinary</HI> Practice, which I endeavour to make as per|fect and compleat as po&s;&s;ible, both in its conformity to Chymical and Anatomical Ob&s;ervations, and in the choice of Genuin and Proper Remedies.</P>
<P>I propo&s;e to di&s;cour&s;e of All Di&s;ea&s;es incident to Hu|man Bodies: And in Tracing every Di&s;ea&s;e, &s;hall ob&s;erve the following method.</P>
<P><HI>Fir&s;t,</HI> To give the <HI>Hi&s;tory</HI> of the Di&s;ea&s;e, the Manner of its Inva&s;ion, and the <HI>Signs</HI> which generally accompany it.</P>
<P><HI>Secondly,</HI> To de&s;cribe the <HI>Part affected,</HI> whether medi|atly, by being influenc'd from another; or immediatly, by the Re&s;idence of the <HI>Morbific Cau&s;e</HI> within its &s;elf.</P>
<P><HI>Thirdly,</HI> The <HI>Cau&s;es</HI> of every Di&s;temper, both <HI>Radical</HI> and <HI>Occa&s;ional.</HI></P>
<P><HI>Fourthly,</HI> What <HI>Progno&s;tics</HI> we can have of the Event of every Di&s;temper.</P>
<P>And, <HI>Fifthly,</HI> To &s;ubjoyn the Method of Cure, both Ge|neral and Special; the Nature of the Remedies, whether Simple or Compound, Univer&s;al or Specific: Together with Hi&s;torical Ca&s;es, and Practical Ob&s;ervations applied to every Di&s;ea&s;e.</P>
<P>But &s;ome things are nece&s;&s;ary to be premis'd, before we launch into the Practice.</P>
<P>Whoever would under&s;tand it thoroughly, mu&s;t be well acquainted with the Principles of <HI>Chymy</HI> and <HI>Mechanicks.</HI> The former are &s;erviceable in explaining the Vital Functions of the Body, and the latter in the Animal Mu&s;culary Moti|on: For Nature has acted Geometrically in framing our Bo|dies, as well as in every thing el&s;e.</P>
<P>The remaining Preliminary Principles that a Student ought to know, before he Commence the Practice of Phy&s;ic, are briefly couch'd under the following Heads.</P>
<DIV3 N="1" TYPE="section">
<PB N="3" REF="11">
<HEAD>SECT. I. <HI>Of the General Vertues of Med'cines.</HI></HEAD>
<P>AS the Oeconomy of Man's Body is only explicable by the different Forms, Sizes, and Various Combinations of the Minute Particles, of which every Body is compound|ed, according to the Principles of <HI>Mechani&s;m:</HI> So the Ver|tues of Medicines may be&s;t be deduc'd from the &s;ame Cau&s;e: E&s;pecially &s;ince Occult Qualities are now hi&s;s'd out of Doors; and the four fir&s;t Elementary Principles of <HI>Cold, Hot, Dry</HI> and <HI>Moi&s;t,</HI> are more Imaginary than Real. This Particular Di&s;po&s;ition and Texture of Parts, that entitles all Medicines to their Re&s;pective Specific Qualities, is Ori|ginally owing to the Seed; and may properly be call'd the <HI>Seminal Di&s;po&s;ition.</HI> As for Example, Scurvygra&s;s is a <HI>Spe|cific</HI> again&s;t the Scurvy; not becau&s;e it is Hot, or en|joys &s;uch an Occult Quality; but becau&s;e it enjoys &s;uch a Texture of Parts, that makes it a &s;ubtil penetrating Body, fit for altering and &s;ubduing the Acid Scorbutical Mat|ter. Now its preci&s;e <HI>Seminal Vertue</HI> is not Common to all its Parts, but peculiar to a &s;harp Volatil Salt, couch'd within its Body, that actuates the other Earthy Particles. And indeed the Various Exaltation, or Depre&s;&s;ion of Acid or Alcali Salts, is the di&s;tingui&s;hing Character of all their re&s;pective Textures; becau&s;e the Saline Particles are more active, and produce more Notable Effects than any of the re&s;t; tho 'tis probable all of 'em Originally may have &s;prung from Water.</P>
<P>Thus, &s;uch Med'cines were by the Ancients accounted <HI>Hot,</HI> as by their &s;harp pointed Particles affect the Tongue and Palate, the &s;ame way as Fire is wont to do; or by Ver|tue of a Volatil Oily Salt, di&s;&s;olve the Ma&s;s of Blood, and augment its Fermentation. Tho&s;e of a contrary Vertue they &s;tyi'd <HI>Cold;</HI> Such are all Acid or Nitrous Medicines. Tho&s;e they call'd <HI>Dry,</HI> which either drink in the moi&s;ture of the Body, as Burnt Harts-horn, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> or open a Door for its Pa&s;&s;age, as all <HI>Sudorifics.</HI> Tho&s;e <HI>Moi&s;t,</HI> that either &s;upply moi&s;ture, as all Nouri&s;hing and Liquid Things; or give a &s;top
<PB N="4" REF="12">to its Con&s;umption, as Quieting, Pacific Medicines.</P>
<P>All Med'cines fit for Conquering a prevailing Acid, or Al|cali, in the fir&s;t Pa&s;&s;ages, were by the Ancients call'd <HI>Ape|ritive.</HI> I choo&s;e rather to Chri&s;ten 'em <HI>Alterative.</HI> If they are <HI>Anti-Acids,</HI> they perform their Task by imbibing the peccant Acid, as Steel and all Earths; or qualifying its &s;harpne&s;s, as Oily fat Medicines; or fermenting with it, &s;o as to work it into a Third Compound, as all A&s;cali's, both Fix'd and Volatil. If their bu&s;ine&s;s be to conquer Alcali's, they reduce the Bile, or any other Vicious Alcali, to its true Temperature, by oppo&s;ing them&s;elves to their Extremes. For 'tis the Di&s;proportion'd Mixture of the Juices, in the fir&s;t ways, that de&s;troys the Natural Fermentation of the Blood, and is the Source of all Chronical Di&s;tempers, com|monly, but fal&s;ely, imputed to Ob&s;tructions. And all re|medies capable of reducing them from either Extreme, are what I call <HI>Alteratives</HI> in General; But are di&s;tin|gui&s;h'd by &s;everal particular Names corre&s;ponding to their &s;pecial Qualities. As tho&s;e of an Oily Mucilaginous Body, and free from any Predominant &s;alt, are call'd <HI>Softening, Suppurating, Expectorating, Incra&s;&s;ating, Anodyne,</HI> &amp;c. Op|po&s;ite to them are the <HI>Astringents,</HI> of a Styptic, Au&s;tere Bo|dy, Compounded of Earth and an Acid Salt, which thicken fluid humors, and eontract the fibres of the Parts, as Allum, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Tho&s;e that are mo&s;t Famous for making head again&s;t Acids, are &s;ometimes term'd <HI>Febrifuga</HI>'s, by rea&s;on of their Noted Vertue in Intermitting Feavers; and &s;ometimes <HI>Vul|nerary,</HI> by rea&s;on of their healing Vertue. Such as have a &s;harp penetrating Salt, whether <HI>Acid</HI> or <HI>Alcali,</HI> are <HI>Attenu|ating, Di&s;cu&s;&s;ing,</HI> &amp;c. Tho&s;e endow'd with a Volatil Oily Salt, a piercing Smell, and a grateful Ta&s;te, are <HI>Aromatic, Carminative, Cephalic,</HI> &amp;c. and are commonly us'd for Cor|dials. Tho&s;e of a Volatil Salt, apt to di&s;&s;olve the Ma&s;s of Blood, are <HI>Diuretic, Sudorific</HI> and <HI>Alexipharmacal.</HI></P>
<P>The&s;e are the General Cla&s;&s;es of all remedies us'd in Phy|&s;ic. Such of 'em as are more Univer&s;al, and An&s;wer more Indications are to be mo&s;t e&s;teem'd. As Opium, <HI>Sal vola|tile Oleo&s;um,</HI> and the fix'd Sulphurs of Minerals and Met|tals; which are all u&s;eful in an infinity of Ca&s;es; and are upon that account Entitled to a preference, before others of a narrower extent.</P>
</DIV3>
<DIV3 N="2" TYPE="section">
<PB N="5" REF="12">
<HEAD>SECT. II. <HI>Of the Vital Functions of the Body.</HI></HEAD>
<P>HAving touch'd upon the Vertues of Medicines and their manner of Operation, the next thing is to con&s;ider the Subject or Body upon which the Operation is perform'd. Its &s;tructure pre&s;ents us with &s;ome gro&s;s material Parts, and &s;ome more &s;ubtile and active, which &s;erve to inform and actuate the other. The former repre&s;ent the External Fa|bric of an Ingenious Machine; the latter the Internal Wheels and Springs of Motion.</P>
<P>The Ancients imagin'd our gro&s;&s;er part to be compound|ed of the four fir&s;t Elements, but without either Rea&s;on or Experience. I deny not but that there are &s;uch things as Water, Earth and Air, which make up the greate&s;t part of our Terraqueous Globe; but I doubt much, if they and fire are the fir&s;t and &s;imple&s;t Ingredients of all Compounds.</P>
<P>Indeed as to Water, I do not di&s;pute the point. Thales and Helmont have clearly made it out, that all things con&s;i&s;t of Water. But as for fire, the Modern Expe|riments do &s;ufficiently prove, that 'tis nothing el&s;e but a di|vi&s;ion of the &s;maller Particles of fat Acids, &s;uch as we call &s;ulphurous, by means of the Air; from whence heat and light mu&s;t nece&s;&s;arily en&s;ue. We &s;ee that flame is only a fur|ther rarefaction of the &s;ame Particles that, when more con|den&s;ated, appear in &s;moak; and a little more Conden&s;ation converts &s;moak into &s;oot; and the Oyl of Soot, which is a fat Acid, differs from all the three, as they from one ano|ther, by a further or le&s;&s;er degree of Rarefaction or Con|den&s;ation. Thus the Various Conjunction, Separation, or Tran&s;po&s;ition of the &s;ame Minute Particles, is the Original of the Generation and Corruption of different Bodies. Therefore our modern Philo&s;ophers have thought fit to de|part from the common Elementary Road, and &s;earch for the Elements of Bodies among the&s;e minute particles, which by combining or &s;eparating from one another, in greater or le&s;&s;er proportions, alter the Con&s;titutions of Bo|dies,
<PB N="6" REF="13">and transform 'em into others of a different mould. <HI>See the Houourable Mr.</HI> Boyl <HI>of the Original of Forms and Qualities.</HI></P>
<P>As I take it, the&s;e Particles that enter into the Compo&s;i|tion of all Bodies, and are the mo&s;t immediat Elements into which they re&s;olve, may be ju&s;tly divided into four Cla&s;&s;es. 1. The Saline Particles which are either Acids, Alcali's, or Nitrous. 2. The Fat Oyly Parts. 3. The Watery, and 4. The Earthy. The&s;e I &s;ay, are the mo&s;t immediat Principles of di&s;&s;olv'd Body's. I do not advance them for the fir&s;t and &s;imple&s;t, nor for the la&s;t; for even the&s;e may be re&s;olv'd into others, and mo&s;t of 'em into Water. Perhaps the Watery Particles have a better Title to that Character. The various twi&s;ting of 'em together, ac|cording to the re&s;pective &s;eminal Vertue, may give ri&s;e to mo&s;t, if not all, Compounds; which di&s;&s;olve into Water a|gain, when the &s;eminal Power cea&s;es to operate.</P>
<P>Our Body is immediately fram'd of the&s;e four &s;orts of Particles, e&s;pecially of Salt and Sulphur; which are the chief Ingredients of the Blood, Chyle and o|ther Juices. The &s;eminal Power determines 'em to &s;uch a particular concretion as appears in our Organs; and the re|&s;pective Texture and Proportion e&s;tabli&s;h'd among 'em, is the Gauge and Mea&s;ure of our Temperaments.</P>
<P>The Changes that happen to Bodies, are chiefly occa&s;i|on'd by the Activity and Various Engagements of the Sal|ti&s;h Particles. <HI>Fermentation</HI> and <HI>Efferve&s;cency,</HI> which are the mo&s;t remarkable motions in our Bodies, are totally owing to them. The former, is an Inte&s;tine motion of the minute Particles, occa&s;ion'd by the mutual Jarrs of Acid and Alcali &s;alts, which di&s;turbs all the other parts, and terminates either in the final di&s;&s;olution of the Body, or &s;uch an al|teration, as a New Union and Temperature of the Salts may allow of. <HI>Efferve&s;cency</HI> or Boyling is a much &s;tronger motion, occa&s;ion'd by the greater Purity, and Sharpne&s;s of the Salts.</P>
<P>The more &s;ubtile penetrating parts of our Body are the Principle of Life and Action. When they cea&s;e to perform their wonted motions, death takes place. Their regular and undi&s;turb'd motions are the mea&s;ure of Health; and the lea&s;t di&s;order among 'em is ju&s;tly call'd a Di&s;ea&s;e.</P>
<P>They are nothing el&s;e but the Subtiler and more Vola|tile Parts of the Blood &s;eparated in the Brain; which by Rea&s;on of their Activity are called Spirits, tho in effect
<PB N="7" REF="13">material, divi&s;ible and liable to Corruption. When they are mix'd with the Blood, and &s;erve to enliven and exalt its Ma&s;s, Accompanying it through all the Parts of the Body, they are call'd <HI>Vital</HI> Spirits, and are imploy'd in <HI>Vital</HI> Functions; but when they're Lodg'd in a different Apart|ment, and Confine 'em&s;elves to the Nerves and Brain, they are engag'd in the <HI>Animal</HI> faculty. In this Office they re|&s;emble the Bodies of Light, and are therefore call'd <HI>Incid;</HI> but in the other they, <HI>fire-like,</HI> exalt and elevate the Blood. <HI>Vid. Willi&s;. de Anim. Brutor.</HI></P>
<P>There is nothing more Conducive to a regular Practice of Phy&s;ic, than a right under&s;tanding of the&s;e two Facul|ties; and the &s;everal di&s;orders they're obnoxious to. The <HI>Animal</HI> faculty depends upon the regular motion of the Spirits, and a &s;ound Con&s;titution of the Brain and Nerves. This I de&s;ign to treat of <HI>Annon.</HI> The <HI>Vital</HI> faculty con&s;i&s;ts in the regular motion of the Blood, Chyle, and the other Juices. The external motion of the Blood is its Circulati|on, but its Inte&s;tine motion is what we call a Fermentati|on. Both the&s;e mu&s;t be pre&s;erv'd in their due tenor.</P>
<P>The Encumbrances of Circulation are remov'd or pre|vented by Sudorifics, which attenuate and di&s;&s;olve the Blood; and put it into a &s;wifter, but equal motion. But the more pre&s;ent relief is from Blood-letting; which le&s;&s;ens the quantity of the Blood, and makes way for a freeer Cir|culation, by emptying the Ve&s;&s;els; or to &s;peak with the An|cients <HI>Evacuates</HI> and <HI>Ventilates</HI> the Blood. 'Tis indifferent what Vein be open'd, when we only de&s;ign to evacuate or le&s;&s;en the quantity; for that will certainly follow, open what Vein ye will. So in a General <HI>Plaethora,</HI> all choice of Veins is ridiculous. But if there be any particular Infla|mation, that &s;eizes only one particular Member, then indeed Ca&s;es are alter'd. Not that I e&s;tabli&s;h, even then, any nece&s;&s;i|ty of di&s;tingui&s;hing Veins in one and the &s;ame Member. As if there be an Indication for letting Blood in the Arm, I think 'tis much at one, whether the <HI>Cephalic, Median,</HI> or <HI>Ba&s;ilic</HI> Vein be opened. But 'tis chiefly in regard of the Superior and Inferior Regions of the Body, that a diffe|rence mu&s;t be ob&s;erv'd. The Heart is the Centre of the Bo|dy, and divides the Upper Region from the Lower: Now if there happen any Inflammation in the Upper Parts, open|ing a Vein in the Lower Regions, as in the Foot, diverts the Blood; for the de&s;cending branch of the <HI>Aorta,</HI> being thereby in &s;ome mea&s;ure empty'd, the blood will more plen|tifully
<PB N="8" REF="14">flow into it, than into the a&s;cending branch, where the Stoppage, or Inflammation blocks up its way. This is call'd an Univer&s;al Revul&s;ion. A particular <HI>Revul&s;ion,</HI> or <HI>Aver&s;ion,</HI> is when a Vein is opened in the &s;ame Region and Neighbourhood with the part affected; as if in a Quin&s;ey they let blood in the Arm. If the very next Vein, or the Vein through which the &s;tanding blood mu&s;t naturally re|turn to the Heart, be opened, 'tis call'd a <HI>Derivation.</HI> As in a Quin&s;ey, we fir&s;t make a <HI>General Revul&s;ion</HI> by bleeding in the Foot, to divert the Univer&s;al Ma&s;s of the blood from feeding the Inflammation. Then for a more particular Re|vul&s;ion; we bleed in the Arm, in order to draw off the &s;tagnating blood, through a Neighbouring Channel. If this do not take off the Inflammation quite, we breath a Vein under the Tongue, in order to di&s;engage and evacuate the &s;tanding blood, that ought naturally to pa&s;s that way. In this Sen&s;e all the&s;e Celebrated Effects of blood-letting, are very con&s;i&s;tent with the Rules of Circulation; which, in the Sen&s;e of the Ancients, were altogether unexplicable. But the Univer&s;al Revul&s;ion mu&s;t always lead the Van, for fear a particular one &s;hould encrea&s;e the Inflammation, by invi|ting the blood to the Adjacent Parts.</P>
<P>I'll only &s;tay to pre&s;ent you with a Remarkable In&s;tance of the bad Con&s;equences an ill-tim'd <HI>Aver&s;ion,</HI> or <HI>Derivati|on,</HI> may produce. I borrow it from <HI>Lindanus,</HI> in his Pra|ctical Comment upon <HI>Hartman.</HI> A Surgeon of <HI>Am&s;terdam</HI> was &s;eiz'd with an Inflammation in his Right Eye. He &s;ent for &s;ome Old Phy&s;ician, that order'd him to be bled in the Right Arm: Accordingly he was bled, which &s;en&s;ibly Aug|mented the Inflammation. The next day the Oracle was con&s;ulted again. He, to mend the matter, order'd him to be bled in the Left Arm; the Con&s;equence of which was, that his Left Eye was inflam'd, though formerly untouch'd. The Third Day, the Old Gentleman per&s;i&s;ting &s;tiffly in his wonted Cour&s;e, order'd bleeding in the Right Arm again; the performance of which made him quite blind in the Right Eye. And afterwards, to make all Odds even, he was bled again in the Left Arm, which heighten'd the In|flammation of the Left Eye to the la&s;t degree. In this ex|tremity he &s;ent for a more skilful Practitioner, who only let him blood in the Foot, and immediatly the Inflamma|tion began to a&s;&s;wage. The cau&s;e of &s;uch Accidents is ve|ry plain. For the quantity of the blood not being dimini&s;h'd before, and a Door being open'd to it in the Arm, it will
<PB N="9" REF="14" MS="y">naturally croud upwards, where meeting with Ob&s;tructi|ons in the Pa&s;&s;ages, it cannot but accumulate and augment the Inflammation. A Univer&s;al Revul&s;ion in the oppo&s;ite Region of the Body ought to have U&s;her'd it in; which would have prevented all the Inconveniencies that happen'd. So much for the <HI>Circular</HI> motion of the Blood, and the means of pre&s;erving or retrieving it.</P>
<P>The fermentation of the Blood is occa&s;ion'd by the Acti|vity of the Acid and Alcali &s;alts, which entertain a perpe|tual Intercour&s;e with the Sulphurous, Watry and Earthy Particles. The different Proportions e&s;tabli&s;h'd among 'em, by the Radical Power of the Seed, do vary this mo|tion, which is peculiarly Calculated for every individual temperament. This Ido&s;in, cra&s;y, or Seminal property, is the Standard and Rule of the Natural fermentation. When it &s;werves from that, it is call'd, a <HI>Cacochymy,</HI> or Corrup|tion of the Juices; which is nothing el&s;e but the di&s;propor|tion and degeneracy of the&s;e Saline Particles, and the irre|gular motions that en&s;ue thereupon. If the prevalency of an Acid Salt have occa&s;ion'd it, 'tis call'd an Acid deprava|tion of the Juices; if an Alcali or Urinous Salt, it goes by that Name. The&s;e are the only po&s;&s;ible cau&s;es of a <HI>Cace|chymy.</HI> If either of the&s;e Predominant Salts be lodg'd in a Watry or Serous Humor, it gives ri&s;e to a <HI>Catarrh,</HI> or &s;erous Corruption. If the Humor be Phlegmatic and Vi&s;|cid, 'tis call'd <HI>Pituitous,</HI> or <HI>Chylous.</HI> The Melancholly <HI>Ca|cochymy</HI> of the Ancients is only a Predominant Acid, which mu&s;t either be <HI>Serous</HI> or <HI>Pituitous,</HI> according to the humour in which 'tis &s;eated. The <HI>Bilious,</HI> is a Volatile Oyly Salt degenerated from its Natural Symmetry. So all the different kinds may be reduc'd to the&s;e two Branches, of <HI>Acid</HI> and <HI>Alcali.</HI></P>
<P>An <HI>Acid</HI> Depravation of the Juices, is occa&s;ion'd by the Prevalency or Indi&s;po&s;ition of the Acid Salts. If they are too plentiful, they thicken the blood, and retard its Circu|lation. If they are otherwi&s;e corrupted, as too Rancid, Au&s;tere, or Viciou&s;ly Salt, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> They create &s;everal irregu|lar efferve&s;cencies in the blood, &s;uch as we frequently meet with in Scorbutic and Hy&s;teric Con&s;titutions. The&s;e Corruptions of Acid Salts, may be owing to the Cold Air (which &s;eems to be impregnated with a hidden Acid) Acid Food, or Liquors, Grief, Care, Sorrow, Neglect of Exer|ci&s;e, and &s;uch like Errors in the u&s;e of the <HI>&s;ix not Natural things;</HI> which either augment their quantity, or whet and
<PB N="10" REF="15">&s;harpen 'em beyond their Natural State. The <HI>&V;rinous</HI> or <HI>Alcalin</HI> Depravation, is occa&s;ion'd by the di&s;proportion or corruption of the Volatil Urinous Salts, which, when mix'd with Sulphur, Compo&s;e the Bile. If they're too Copious in the Body, if too &s;harp and pointed, if too Oyly or Fat, or otherwi&s;e degenerated from their Seminal Pro|perties, they Create Infinite di&s;orders in the ma&s;s of blood. Their Corruption may be owing to Aromatic, Sharp, or Penetrating Food, immoderate Watchings, Exerci&s;es, An|ger, and &s;uch like Pa&s;&s;ions, which contribute to their un|natural Encrea&s;e or Depravation.</P>
<P>The General Cau&s;es of all <HI>Cacochymical</HI> di&s;po&s;itions may be divided into three Cla&s;&s;es.</P>
<P><HI>Fir&s;t,</HI> The formal efficient cau&s;e of all di&s;ea&s;es is the Spi|rits; which, are equally the cau&s;e of all natural and unna|tural motions.</P>
<P><HI>Secondly,</HI> The occa&s;ional and material cau&s;e enclining and di&s;po&s;ing the Spirits to perform &s;uch perver&s;e Actions; which according to <HI>Hippocrates,</HI> is the Di&s;proportion and Intemperat quality of the minute Particles, that refu&s;e to A&s;&s;imilate, or Incorporate with the Spirits, and &s;o pro|vokes 'em to irregular motions.</P>
<P><HI>Thirdly,</HI> The remote and mediat cau&s;e, is the Errors and Imperfections of Dige&s;tion, e&s;pecially of the fir&s;t per|form'd in the Stomac; which is the Foundation of all other Dige&s;tions, and, if deficient, perverts all the Juices in the Body.</P>
<P>The method of curing all <HI>Cacochymies,</HI> or, which is the &s;ame thing, all irregular fermentations in the blood, is fir&s;t to retrieve the Natural qualities of the Juices and their minute Particles, by <HI>Altering Medicines,</HI> and then to <HI>Eva|cuate</HI> the Corrupt Juices to prevent any further In|fection. The general <HI>Alteratives</HI> are &s;uch as Correct a pec|cant Acid or Alcali, and reduce the Particles to their due Symmetry and Proportion. Be&s;ides, there are &s;ome &s;peci|fic <HI>Alteratives</HI> which are peculiarly Calculated for the re|&s;pective Circum&s;tances of the Corrupt Acid or Alcali. For one Acid may differ va&s;tly from another, according to the infinite ways of Corruption 'tis liable to, and con&s;e|quently may produce very different, if not contrary, ef|fects. 'Tis true, we cannot have, <HI>&agrave;-priori,</HI> any Circum&s;tan|tiat account of their di&s;tingui&s;hing Characters: but the effects they produce, and the influence of medicines atte&s;t|ed by Experience, may lead unto know &s;omewhat of their
<PB N="11" REF="15">difference; and accordingly to di&s;tingui&s;h the &s;pe|cifics that we find &s;ucce&s;sful in Vanqui&s;hing one &s;ort of Acids or Alcali's, but are not capable of gaining the like Victory over others of the &s;ame General Cla&s;s. This may be &s;et in a clearer light, by the following Example. 'Tis an unque&s;tionable truth, that Pleuri&s;ies, Stranguries, Ulcers in the Kidneys, Heart-Burn, Loo&s;ene&s;&s;es, Gout, Gravel, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> may all be owing to Vicious Acids. The General <HI>Altera|tives</HI> that are oppos'd to Acids are convenient in them all, and are fit to u&s;her in the &s;pecific Cure; which they can|not of them&s;elves Compa&s;s. For 'tis not one and the &s;ame &s;ort of Acid, that is the Predominant in all the&s;e In&s;tances. In one, 'tis an <HI>Acid</HI> that congeals the blood, and occa&s;ions Pleuritick Pains; in another it is an <HI>Acid</HI> that &s;harpens the Urine and Occa&s;ions a Strangury; Accordingly we find that tho' all fix'd <HI>Alcali's</HI> are not inconvenient in Pleuri&s;ies, yet the Powder of <HI>Boars</HI> Teeth and <HI>Pike</HI> Teeth, are &s;pecific Antidots again&s;t that particular <HI>Acid</HI> that then prevails; as <HI>Crabs</HI> Eyes are in a Strangury. The like might be &s;aid of all the re&s;t.</P>
<P>This con&s;ideration <HI>Hippocrates</HI> had in his view, in his Incomparable Treati&s;e <HI>de Veteri Medicina,</HI> where he pa&s;&s;i|onatly expells the general Elementary Qualities, both from the Theory and Practice of Phy&s;ic; and recom|mends to all Practitioners, as in a manner the whole of their bu&s;ine&s;s, to enquire nicely into the Subdivi&s;ions and Specific differences of the General things; e&s;pecially to the difference of ta&s;tes, whether Bitter, Sweet, Salt, In|&s;ipid, and a Thou&s;and &s;uch marks of di&s;tinction, which are to direct us in the choice of &s;uch Specific Remedies, as are peculiarly levell'd again&s;t the particular qualities of the morbific matter. The&s;e you may expect in the &s;eparat and particular de&s;cription of every di&s;ea&s;e, and the method of its Cure.</P>
</DIV3>
<DIV3 N="3" TYPE="section">
<PB N="12" REF="16">
<HEAD>SECT. III. <HI>Of Acid, Alcalin, Pituitous, and Sercus</HI> Cacochymies, <HI>or Corruptions of the Juices in the Body.</HI></HEAD>
<P>IF the Indi&s;po&s;ition be owing to a prevailing Acid, it ought to be Corrected by <HI>Alcali's.</HI> The&s;e may be di|vided into the <HI>Vegetable, Animal,</HI> and <HI>Mineral</HI> Cla&s;&s;es.</P>
<P>The <HI>Vegetable</HI> furni&s;hes us with the <HI>&V;rinous</HI> and <HI>A&s;hy Salts</HI> of <HI>Wormwood, Centaury,</HI> &amp;c. Which de&s;troy the <HI>Acid,</HI> and transform it into another concrete. With <HI>Spices, Aro|matic</HI> herbs, &s;uch as <HI>Mint, Fennel,</HI> &amp;c. And Oyly Sul|phureous medicines, that take off the edge of the Acid Parts. Some of the&s;e are prepared by <HI>Di&s;tillation,</HI> and &s;ome by <HI>Expre&s;&s;ion;</HI> but the former are more effectual, &s;uch as Spirit of <HI>Wine, Water-Cre&s;&s;es, Scurvy-Gra&s;s,</HI> &amp;c. And the Di&s;till'd Oyls of <HI>Mace, Cloves,</HI> &amp;c. <HI>Camphyr</HI> and its Productions belong to this Family.</P>
<P>In the Animal Cla&s;s we have the Spirits and Volatil Salts extracted from the parts of Animals. Such as the Spirits of <HI>Hart&s;horn, &V;rine, Sal armoniac,</HI> &amp;c. Which are of great u&s;e in all Acid Con&s;titutions. The hard and fri|able Parts of Animals are likewi&s;e very proper. As <HI>Crabs Eyes,</HI> Burnt <HI>Hart&s;horn,</HI> &amp;c.</P>
<P>The Mineral Province affords us very Powerful Medi|cines, not Inferior to tho&s;e of the other two. Such as are <HI>Diaphoretic Antimony,</HI> and the fix'd Sulphurs of other Minerals: Earths, Stones and Mettals, as Chalk, &s;eal'd Earth, and &s;everal Metallic Productions. Whatever par|takes of Gold or Silver, is of noted excellency in &s;ubdu|ing the inveterat Acids, that proceed from Wine, and are peculiar to Gouty Con&s;titutions. Lead and its Salt, call'd <HI>Saccharum Saturni,</HI> have that property of a&s;&s;uming a &s;weet ta&s;te, when they meet with Acids, and are thereupon In|titled to the Character of <HI>Alkali</HI>'s. But above all, Steel may ju&s;tly claim a preference. And all remedies that
<PB N="13" REF="16">have it for their Ba&s;is, are certianly the mo&s;t Sovereign Conquerors of Acids.</P>
<P>The&s;e are the remedies we u&s;e for Correcting Acids in General, which may be pre&s;crib'd after this or the like manner.</P>
<P>Take of prepar'd <HI>Crabs Eyes,</HI> Red Coral prepar'd, burnt <HI>Hart&s;horn</HI> of each a &s;cruple, Salt of <HI>Tartar,</HI> and <HI>Worm|wood</HI> of each fifteen Grains, di&s;till'd Oyl of <HI>Cloves</HI> and <HI>Cumin.</HI> of each twelve drops, and four or five Grains of <HI>Laudanum Opiatum,</HI> Prepar'd by fermentation. Mix all together; It will make a Powder for &s;ix or &s;even Do&s;es. Or,</P>
<P>Take of <HI>Crabs Eyes</HI> prepar'd a Dram and a half. <HI>&V;ni|corn Mineral,</HI> Red <HI>Coral</HI> prepar'd, and burnt <HI>Hart&s;horn,</HI> of each half a Dram. Salt of <HI>Wormwood</HI> a Dram. Powder of <HI>Nutmegs</HI> two &s;cruples. Mix all, and u&s;e it as the for|mer Powder. Or,</P>
<P>Take of Prepar'd <HI>Crabs Eyes</HI> a Dram, <HI>Cuttle-bone</HI> half a Dram, red <HI>Coral</HI> Prepar'd, and Chalk, of each a &s;cruple. Salt of <HI>Wormwood</HI> two Scruples; <HI>Nutmegs</HI> half a Dram. Make a Powder to be us'd as before. Or,</P>
<P>Take of burnt <HI>Hart&s;horn,</HI> or pr<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">par'd <HI>Spodium</HI> half a Dram, Red <HI>Coral,</HI> Salt <HI>Prunel,</HI> and &s;eal'd Earth, or Salt of <HI>Worm|wood,</HI> of each half a &s;cruple, make a Powder as be|fore.</P>
<P>The&s;e are to be us'd before Evacuation, in order to qua|lify and prepare the peccant Acid.</P>
<P>Take Salt of <HI>Wormwood</HI> and <HI>Crabs Eyes</HI> prepar'd, of each half a Dram. Make a Powder for two Do&s;es.</P>
<P>Take of <HI>Carduus Benedictus</HI> and <HI>Fennel Water,</HI> of each an Ounce and a half. Spirit of <HI>Sal armoniac</HI> a Dram and a half, <HI>Crabs Eyes</HI> and Red <HI>Coral,</HI> prepar'd, of each fifteen Grains, Salt of <HI>Fumitory</HI> twelve Grains, di&s;till'd Oyl of Cloves Six drops, Syrrup of Mint one Ounce. Mix them for a draught.</P>
<P>The&s;e are the common forms of Recipe's again&s;t Acids in General, but &s;teel is a peculiar &s;pecific for &s;ubduing an Acid in the fir&s;t Pa&s;&s;ages.</P>
<P>Sometimes we meet with an <HI>Au&s;tere Hypochondriac,</HI> or <HI>Hy&s;teric</HI> Acid; which requires Volatil remedies. They may be pre&s;crib'd in this or the like form.</P>
<P>Take <HI>Marjoram Water, Mint</HI> or <HI>Ro&s;emary Water,</HI> of each an Ounce and a half, or two Ounces. <HI>Aquae Vita Matthi|oli,</HI> from three to &s;ix Drams. E&s;&s;ence of <HI>Ca&s;tor</HI> a Dram and a half. Spirit of <HI>Sal armoniac,</HI> or in&s;tead of it Spirit
<PB N="14" REF="17">of <HI>Hart&s;horn</HI> with Amber, from half a Dram to a Dram, Syrup of Fumitory from half an Ounce to &s;ix Drams. Mix all together and give a &s;poonful often.</P>
<P>Sometimes we add fifteen or twenty four Grains of Red <HI>Coral</HI> and <HI>Crabs Eyes,</HI> or three or &s;ix drops of the di&s;till'd Oyl of <HI>Cloves.</HI></P>
<P>An <HI>Alcalin</HI> Depravation mu&s;t be cur'd by <HI>Acids.</HI> The vegetable <HI>Acids</HI> are <HI>Vinegar,</HI> Juice of <HI>Citrons, Berberis, Quenches,</HI> &amp;c. The <HI>Acid</HI> Spirits are commonly extracted from Minerals, as the Spirit of <HI>Salt, Vitriol</HI> and <HI>Nitre;</HI> which la&s;t, if dulcify'd with Spirit of Wine, is of excellent u&s;e in a redundancy of <HI>Choler.</HI> It allays the <HI>Saline</HI> &s;harp|ne&s;s, and fixes that Volatil mobility which occa&s;ions pre|ternatural Commotions. Mineral and Metalline Sulphurs mix'd with <HI>Nitre,</HI> are very proper on the &s;ame occa&s;ion. Such as are <HI>Antimony Diaphoretic,</HI> and <HI>Bezoar</HI> Mineral, which qualifie the &s;harp, and curb the inflammable Parti|cles; They are likewi&s;e Pacific, and Evacuate the Parti|cles thus fix'd and corrected by the pores of the skin.</P>
<P>Neither are the Compo&s;ing Medicines, that partake of <HI>Opium,</HI> to be neglected in this ca&s;e. 'Tis true, their cure is but Palliative; but the &s;ervice they do in Compo&s;ing the Spirits, and Quelling all irregular motions, do &s;uffici|ently ju&s;tify their u&s;e.</P>
<P>All <HI>Acid</HI> remedies augment the quantity of <HI>Acids</HI> in the Body. The Aromatic and Spirituous Liquors, the Volatil Salts as well &s;harp as Oyly, and the bitter Ingredients which we generally exhibit in Intermitting Feavers, are all effectual re&s;torers of the Volatil Oyly Salt in the blood, and con&s;equently of the Choler which it produces.</P>
<P>If a &s;harp <HI>Volatil</HI> and <HI>Choleric Salt</HI> Reign in the Bo|dy, it commonly produces <HI>Thir&s;t, Choleric Loo&s;ene&s;&s;es,</HI> and &s;uch like &s;ymptoms that attend burning Feavers. The following pre&s;criptions are u&s;ual in that ca&s;e.</P>
<P>Take of <HI>Tartar</HI> Vitriolated one Dram, the <HI>Salt</HI> call'd <HI>Ar|canum Duplicatum</HI> half a Dram, or two Scruples, <HI>Bezoar Mineral</HI> one Scruple. Make a Powder for three Do&s;es. Or,</P>
<P>Take of <HI>Nitre</HI> Prepar'd with <HI>Antimony,</HI> or <HI>Arcanum Duplicatum</HI> half a Dram, <HI>Bezoar Mineral</HI> one Scruple. Mix them for two Do&s;es. Or,</P>
<P>Take of <HI>Nitre</HI> Prepar'd with <HI>Antimony</HI> half a Dram, <HI>Arcanum Duplicatum,</HI> Fifteen Crains, or one Scruple. Mix for a Powder.</P>
<PB N="15" REF="17">
<P>Take Powder of <HI>Ivory</HI> and <HI>Liverwort,</HI> of each half a Dram. Mix them for two Do&s;es.</P>
<P>Take Powder of <HI>Liverwort</HI> two Scruples, <HI>Crabs Eyes</HI> Prepar'd one Scruple. Make a Powder to be divided into three Parts.</P>
<P>The&s;e Pre&s;criptions are very u&s;eful, before Evacuation, where an Oyly Volatil Salt prevails.</P>
<P>Take <HI>Sorrel</HI> and <HI>Rasberry Water</HI> of each an Ounce and a half, fre&s;h Juice of <HI>Citrons</HI> or <HI>Quinces</HI> one Ounce. <HI>Dia|phoretic Antimony</HI> from one Scruple to one Dram. <HI>Bezoar Mineral</HI> from half a Scruple to a whole one. Syrup of <HI>Ras|berries,</HI> &s;ix Drams or one Ounce. With a convenient quan|tity of the Spirit of <HI>Nitre</HI> dulcified, make a <HI>Julep.</HI> Do&s;e two &s;poonfuls.</P>
<P>Take of <HI>Rasberry Water</HI> three Ounces. Juice of <HI>Rasber|ries</HI> three Drams, <HI>Diaphoretic Antimony</HI> one Dram. Syrup of <HI>Rasberries</HI> half an Ounce. With the Spirit of <HI>Vitriol,</HI> as much as &s;ufficeth for a grateful &s;harpne&s;s; Make a Julep.</P>
<P>Thus I have hinted at the general Cures of <HI>Alcaline</HI> and <HI>Acid</HI> Corruptions. Be&s;ides the&s;e already mention'd, there are &s;ome Univer&s;al Remedies not confin'd to either &s;ide, but u&s;eful in both Ca&s;es. The&s;e are Emul&s;ions extracted from the Milky Seeds, the di&s;till'd Oyls of Vegetables, <HI>Gums, Mucilages,</HI> and the Sulphurous Productions of Mi|nerals; which are all of a temperate Nature, and equally remov'd from either extreme.</P>
<P>A Pituitous <HI>Cacechymy</HI> mu&s;t be cur'd by Altering, Atte|nuating and Re&s;olving remedies, Namely <HI>Alcali Salts,</HI> as well fix'd as <HI>Volatil,</HI> the more penetrating Gums, and Generous <HI>Aromatics.</HI> The Morbific matter being vi&s;cid and tough, mu&s;t be prepar'd and dige&s;ted before we at|tempt any Evacuation. The common forms for Dige&s;tives are as follows.</P>
<P>Take of <HI>Tartar</HI> Vitriolated, and the Salt call'd <HI>Dige&s;ti|vum Hypochondriacum</HI> of each fifteen Grains, Salt of <HI>Worm|wood,</HI> and of <HI>Carduus Benedictus,</HI> of each half a Scru|ple. Mix for a Powder to be divided into two parts. Or,</P>
<P>Take of <HI>Tartar</HI> Vitriolated one Dram, Salt of <HI>Cardu|us Benedictus</HI> half a Dram, flowers of <HI>Sal armoniac</HI> fifteen Grains. Mix them together, and divide the Powder into three Do&s;es. Or,</P>
<PB N="16" REF="18">
<P>Take of <HI>Tartar</HI> Vitriolated half a Dram, <HI>Crabs Eyes</HI> prepar'd one Scruple, Salt of <HI>Tartar</HI> half a Scruple. Mix them for two Do&s;es.</P>
<P>Take <HI>Tartar</HI> Vitriolated half a Dram, Salt of <HI>Wormwood, Crabs Eyes</HI> prepar'd, of each fourteen Grains. Make a Pow|der to be divided into three or four Do&s;es.</P>
<P>Take of the Cream of <HI>Tartar</HI> one Dram, <HI>Tartar</HI> Vitrio|lated half a Dram, Salt of <HI>Wormwood</HI> and <HI>Cichory</HI> of each half a Scruple. Make a Powder and divide it into three equal parts. The&s;e Powders mu&s;t be exhibited a Day or two before Evacuation.</P>
<P>The following Powder is to be taken twice a Day, in the Morning before Dinner, and in the Afternoon two or three hours before Supper.</P>
<P>Take of <HI>Sal armoniac</HI> depurated a Dram and a half, <HI>Ma&s;tic</HI> half a Dram, <HI>Cinnamom</HI> a Scruple, Salt of <HI>Worm|wood</HI> &s;ix Grains. Mix them, and u&s;e as before di|rected.</P>
<P>If Liquid forms are more acceptable, they may be pre|&s;crib'd thus,</P>
<P>Take of <HI>Mint Water</HI> one Ounce, the Salt call'd <HI>Arcanum Duplicatum</HI> one Scruple, <HI>Crabs Eyes</HI> prepar'd half a Scru|ple, Salt of <HI>Tartar</HI> five Grains. Syrup of <HI>Hy&s;&s;op</HI> half an Ounce. Mix them for a draught. Or thus,</P>
<P>Take of <HI>Mint Water</HI> two Ounces, <HI>Cinnamom Water</HI> &s;ix Drams, <HI>Gum Ammoniac</HI> di&s;&s;olv'd in <HI>Vinegar</HI> one Dram, <HI>Tartar</HI> Vitriolated one Scruple, Syrup of Ro&s;es one Ounce. Mix them for two or three Do&s;es.</P>
<P>A Serous <HI>Cacochymy</HI> is remov'd by the u&s;e of &s;uch remedies as alter the vicious <HI>&s;erum,</HI> and evacuate it. The&s;e la&s;t men|tion'd are the &s;ubject of the en&s;uing Paragraph.</P>
</DIV3>
<DIV3 N="4" TYPE="section">
<PB N="17" REF="18">
<HEAD>SECT. IV. <HI>Of the Medicines that evacuate the Corrupt Juices of the Body.</HI></HEAD>
<P>AFter the u&s;e of altering Medicines, 'tis a proper &s;ea&s;on to exhibit tho&s;e that evacuate the prepar'd humors. They are di&s;tributed into five Cla&s;&s;es. The fir&s;t contains tho&s;e which operate by Vomiting. The Second, tho&s;e which move the Belly, and perform their office by &s;tool. Tho&s;e of the Third pa&s;s by Urine. The Fourth by the Pores of the Skin. And La&s;tly, the Fifth is allotted to the Medicines which evacuate by Salivation. This la&s;t Cla&s;s I have taken notice of el&s;ewhere; but the other four I &s;hall briefly run over.</P>
<DIV4 N="1" TYPE="chapter">
<HEAD>CHAP. I. <HI>Of Vomiting Medicines.</HI></HEAD>
<P>THE Animal Family affords no Vomits that I know of, except the Pairings of the Nails of Human Bo|dies. Which we infu&s;e in generous Wine over Night, and in the Morning give the &s;train'd Liquor to Drink. 'Tis an excellent Vomit.</P>
<P>Among the Vegetables, <HI>A&s;arabacca</HI> is the &s;afe&s;t and mo&s;t &s;ucce&s;sful Vomit. <HI>Dio&s;corides</HI> and the Ancients were not Ignorant of its efficacy. It Enjoys a &s;harp pungent &s;alt re|&s;embling that of Ginger and Zedoary; which provokes U|rine, Corrects the cau&s;es of Chronical di&s;tempers, and irri|tates the Fibres of the Stomach. I have known Inveterat <HI>Tertian</HI> and <HI>Quartan</HI> feavers, cur'd by the u&s;e of <HI>A&s;arabec|ca</HI>
<PB N="18" REF="19">with white Pepper, that would not yield to any other Medicines.</P>
<P>It may be given by way of <HI>Powder, Infu&s;ion,</HI> or <HI>Decocti|on.</HI> If it be exhibited in form of a <HI>Powder,</HI> it ought to be Pounded very fine; for the gro&s;&s;er Particles cannot enter into the Pleats of the Stomach; and being eluded there, procure to them&s;elves a Pa&s;&s;age by Stool. Its Do&s;e is from half a Dram to a whole Dram.</P>
<P>For a gentle <HI>Infu&s;ion</HI> we take Nine or Ten Green Leaves of <HI>A&s;arabecca,</HI> and chop 'em &s;mall, and infu&s;e them for the &s;pace of a Night in four Ounces of <HI>Carduns Benedictus</HI> Water, and half an Ounce of Mead. In the morn|ing let the &s;train'd Liquor be exhibited. 'Tis a gentle Vomit.</P>
<P>For a &s;tronger Infu&s;ion, take Nine Green Leaves of <HI>A&s;a|rabecca,</HI> Beat them in a Marble or Stone-Mortar, pouring &s;imple Mead upon 'em, till ye have reduc'd them to a Juice. Then take this juice, and dilute it with two Ounces of <HI>Car|duus Benedictus</HI> Water. 'Tis an Admirable Vomit.</P>
<P>As for <HI>Decoction; Helmont, Zwelfer,</HI> and the Honourable Mr. <HI>Boyle,</HI> have ob&s;erv'd, that if ye boyl <HI>A&s;arabecca</HI> Roots in Water, they lo&s;e their Vomiting quality, and become Diuretic; whereas if ye boyl them in Wine, 'tis an excellent Emetic. The Rea&s;on of which I take to be this, <HI>Viz.</HI> That their diuretic vertue proceeds from an e&s;|&s;ential &s;alt not very Volatil; the &s;aline Volatil Emetic parts being evaporated in boyling with Water: but Wine pene|trates into the Texture of its body, before the&s;e Vola|til &s;alts are gone, and &s;o partakes of their Ver|tue.</P>
<P>If ye boyl <HI>A&s;arabecca</HI> Roots in Mead, ye have a Noble Pectoral Medicine. It Attenuates the &s;limy humors in the Brea&s;t, and has no Emetic force.</P>
<P>There are no other Vegetable Vomits, fit to be us'd. White <HI>Hellebor,</HI> 'tis true, was frequently exhibited by the Ancients. But they infus'd it in a &s;weet Wine which qua|lify'd its &s;harpne&s;s; and be&s;ides, the difference of Climats alters the Vertues of Medicines. I have &s;een very Tragical effects produc'd by white Hellebor, and therefore would not advi&s;e any to u&s;e it, except in one ca&s;e, Namely Mad|ne&s;s. 'Tis a &s;pecific for that di&s;ea&s;e, and is frequently at|tended with &s;ucce&s;s, where Antimonial Vomits have prov'd ineffectual. Let it be us'd thus,</P>
<PB N="19" REF="19">
<P>Take of the Roots of White Hellebor one Dram, infu&s;e it in Rheni&s;h Wine, or rather macerate it in &s;ome hot place for the &s;pace of one Night. Then boyl it; &s;train off this Wine and throw it away, for 'tis too &s;harp. And pour fre&s;h Wine upon it, only to &s;tand in infu&s;ion all Night. In the Morning exhibit a Dram and a half, or two Drams of the &s;train'd Liquor to the Mad Per&s;on: 'Tis a Medicine admirably fit for this ca&s;e, and this only.</P>
<P>In the Mineral Family, Antimony and Vitriol are the two noted Emetics. But Vitriol is not &s;o Friendly to Nature as the former; it weakens the Body, and di&s;orders the Sto|mach, whereas Antimony produces no &s;uch effects. The <HI>Vitrum Antimonii</HI> alone is of more u&s;e and efficacy than a Thou&s;and others. In this Preparation, the Antimony is &s;trip'd of its External Acid Sulphur. And contains only &s;ome Vitriolic Particles which cau&s;e an Evacuation by provoking the Fibres of the Stomach to a Contraction; and an Internal fix'd Sulphur, which Compo&s;es the Irregular motions of the Spirits, and Corroborates Nature. Upon this Account it may ju&s;tly claim the Privilege of being pre|fer'd to all other Preparations, which rather cau&s;e than re|move di&s;orders.</P>
<P>It mu&s;t be exhibited in infu&s;ion with Rheni&s;h Wine, or in the form of a Syrup. In &s;ub&s;tance 'tis both fallacious and hurtful. In adju&s;ting the Do&s;es of the Infu&s;ion, we mu&s;t have a particular regard to the quantity of the Wine, and not to the Powder infus'd. For twenty Grains infus'd in three Ounces of Wine, are no &s;tronger than the infu&s;ion of five Grains in the like quantity. Rheni&s;h Wine is the be&s;t for infu&s;ing it in, by rea&s;on of its Acidity, and the ea&s;y Admi&s;&s;ion it vouch&s;afes to the Antimonial Parti|cles.</P>
<P>The &s;ame remarks are to be ob&s;erv'd in the u&s;e of <HI>Crocus Metallorum,</HI> and <HI>Mercurius Vitae.</HI></P>
<DIV5 TYPE="example">
<HEAD>As for Example.</HEAD>
<P>Take of <HI>Vitrum</HI> of Antimony, or <HI>Crocus Metallorum,</HI> or <HI>Mercurius Vitae,</HI> four, five, &s;ix, or eight Grains: infu&s;e them in a &s;ufficient quantity of Rheni&s;h Wine. Let them &s;tand in a warm place all Night. In the Morning &s;train the Wine through a Paper, and exhibit one Ounce, or at mo&s;t an Ounce and a half, for a draught. If ye plea&s;e, ye may add two Drams of Cinnamom Water.</P>
<PB N="20" REF="20">
<P>'Tis a pretty enough Contrivance that &s;ome have of an Antimonial Cup, into which they pour the Wine, and let it &s;tand in &s;ome warm place for the &s;pace of a Day. Then &s;train it off, and exhibit as above.</P>
<P>If a Syrup be more agreeable,</P>
<P>Take of <HI>Crocus Metallorum</HI> two Drams and two Scru|ples. Infu&s;e it for three Days in ten Drams of Wine Vine|gar. Let it &s;tand in &s;ome hot place, and &s;hake the Ve&s;&s;el frequently. Then &s;train it off and add ten Drams of Loaf Sugar. Stop the Gla&s;s well, and clap it into hot Water, and the Sugar will di&s;&s;olve. Some add a Dram of the E&s;&s;ence of Red Poppy Flowers. Or,</P>
<P>Take four or five Drams of <HI>Vitrum Antimonii,</HI> infu&s;e it in pure Wine Vinegar. Let them &s;tand in dige&s;tion for &s;ome Days, and &s;hake the Ve&s;&s;el now and then. After &s;ome time &s;train it, and add an equal quantity of Loaf Su|gar. Make a Syrup. Do&s;e three or four Drams, and to tho&s;e that are very robu&s;t &s;ix Drams. Or thus,</P>
<P>Take Gla&s;s of Antimony in Powder half an Ounce, or an Ounce. Infu&s;e it in half a Pound, or a Pound of juice of Citrons, that has &s;tood till it grew in &s;ome mea&s;ure clear: Set them in a warm place for dige&s;tion, and &s;hake the Gla&s;s frequently. Strain the Liquor, and with a &s;uffici|ent quantity of Sugar boyl it into a Syrup; which may be pre&s;crib'd thus.</P>
<P>Take of Mint Water &s;ix Drams, or an Ounce; Cinnamom Water two Drams; This <HI>Emetic Syrup</HI> half an Ounce; Sy|rup of Tobacco two Drams. Mix for a Draught. The Do&s;e of the Emetic Syrup mu&s;t be vary'd according to its Preparation.</P>
<P>Some exhibit the&s;e Antimonial Emetics in the form of a Con&s;erve or Bolus. As,</P>
<P>Take of <HI>Vitrum Antimonii</HI> in Powder one Ounce; infu&s;e it in a Pint of New Wine or Juice of Quinces. Let 'em &s;tand for dige&s;tion for &s;ome Days, then &s;train it nicely through a Linnen Cloth or Paper; and &s;et the &s;trained Liquor over a gentle fire, to evaporate to the con&s;i&s;tence of Honey, or a &s;oft Con&s;erve. Ye may give about the big|ne&s;s of a Pea&s;e or two.</P>
<P>The&s;e are the &s;afe&s;t and mo&s;t u&s;ual Vomits; next to them is Emetic Tartar, which is an Antimonial Preparati|on, but may &s;afely be given in Powder. 'Tis true, the general Maxim is, that all Antimonial Vomits ought to be given in infu&s;ion; but &s;olid Emetic Tartar is in a manner
<PB N="21" REF="20">the &s;ame with the infu&s;ion of Antimony in Wine. For Tar|tar being the Natural Production of Wine, is impregnated with the &s;ame Acid, that equally rejects the Gro&s;&s;er and Noxious Parts of the Antimony, as well in a &s;olid as a liquid form.</P>
<P>The be&s;t Preparation of Emetic Tartar is made from <HI>Vitrum Antimonii,</HI> thus,</P>
<P>Take Gla&s;s of Antimony two Ounces, beat it up toge|ther with an equal quantity of Cream of Tartar, boyl them in a &s;ufficient quantity of Common Water, and &s;train the liquor while 'tis hot; then expo&s;e it to the Cold Air, and 'twill run into Cry&s;tals. Thus ye have Emetic Tartar both in a liquid and &s;olid form. The common Do&s;e is two or three Grains, or five to robu&s;ter Per&s;ons. In Madne&s;s and Melancholly di&s;tempers we are oblig'd to augment the Do&s;e. The common form of Pre&s;cription is, as fol|lows.</P>
<P>Take of Emetic Tartar two, three, four or five Grains, Sugar refin'd &s;ix or ten Grains. Mix and make a Powder. Ye may add two drops of di&s;till'd Oyl of Mint. Or, if ye de&s;ire it &s;hould move the Belly, two or three Grains of Scammony prepar'd with Sulphur, thus,</P>
<P>Take two Grains of Emetic Tartar, two or three Grains of <HI>Scammony</HI> prepar'd with Sulphur, and four or five Grains of white Sugar. Mix and make a Powder. Which may be taken in a &s;poonful or two of Chicken Broth. The Sugar is added to give the Medicine a Body, le&s;t &s;o &s;mall a quan|tity as two or three Grains &s;hould be lo&s;t, or e&s;cape the view of the Patient.</P>
<P>If a Bolus be more Acceptable.</P>
<P>Take Con&s;erve of Mint one Dram, Emetic Tartar two Grains, with a &s;mall quantity of Syrup of Cinnamom, make a Bolus. Or, take <HI>Rob</HI> of Juniper half a Dram, E|metic Tartar two Grains, Scammony prepar'd with Sulphur one Grain. With a &s;ufficient quantity of the Syrup of Orange Peel, make a Bolus. The Sulphur of Antimony call'd <HI>Auratum,</HI> is likewi&s;e an Excellent Vomit, if it be well prepar'd; as thus,</P>
<P>Take of Antimony, Tartar and Nitre, of each equal quantities. Melt the Antimony in a Crucible, then throw the Tartar and Nitre into it. Let the Sulphureous and Mer|curial parts be &s;eparated by <HI>Detonation;</HI> and afterwards &s;eparate the Regular or refined part from the Dro&s;s. Di&s;|&s;olve the Dro&s;s in Common Water, and precipitate the
<PB N="22" REF="21">Sulphur with a &s;olution of Tartar. The Precipitation is be&s;t perform'd by Tartar, by rea&s;on that it Mitigates the Acidity. The Do&s;e of this Sulphur is from five to &s;ix Grains. As,</P>
<P>Take Cream of Tartar half a Scruple. Sulphur of An|timony right prepar'd &s;ix Grains, prepar'd Scammony two Grains, mix and make a Powder.</P>
<P>The&s;e are the &s;afe&s;t and milde&s;t Vomits, which may &s;uf|fice for a Thou&s;and Ca&s;es. But &s;ometimes when we meet with ob&s;tinat and inveterat di&s;tempers, we have recour&s;e to Mercurial Emer<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">s.</P>
<P>Pure Mercury is a Metallin Alcali, which is ea&s;ily fix'd by the addition of Acids, and &s;et at liberty by Alkali's. But all Acids are not equally capable to fix it. The Spirits of Nitre and Vitriol render it very fix'd, whereas Spirit of Salt leaves it more Volatil. Thus Mercury prepar'd with the former is not &s;o readily &s;ublimated, as when joyn'd with the latter. If ye di&s;&s;olve Quick&s;ilver in Spirit of Nitre, the Acid of the Spirit fixes the Mercurial Alcali, &s;o that it re|mains at the bottom when ye draw off the Spirit. But if ye throw common &s;alt into it, the Mercury precipi|tates, which by &s;eparation and &s;ublimation yields a Pow|erful Corro&s;ive. But after all, 'tis certain that liquid Mercu|ry cannot be Coagulated, but by Acids. For Alcali's and Urinous &s;alts re&s;tore it to its Natural freedom. Cinnabar is a mixture of Mercury with an Acid Sulphur that fixes it; Now if ye add &s;alt of Tartar, Urine, or the like, it di&s;en|gages the Mercury, and brings it to life again.</P>
<P>The Common Mercury of the Shops is not this Genuin Alcali that I've thus de&s;crib'd, but Adulterated with Sul|phur. It being liquid, is apt to mix with an Acid, &s;o that we never find it pure: This Acid Sulphur is the hidden cau&s;e of Salivation, it attenuates and di&s;&s;olves the vi&s;cid &s;tubborn humors, and evacuates them by the Saliva|ry Glandules; While the Mercurial Alcali ab&s;orbs the mo&s;t fix'd Acids in the Body, that wou'd not yield to any other Medicine.</P>
<P>Crude Mercury is a mild enough Medicine, at lea&s;t its &s;harpne&s;s is &s;o in&s;en&s;ible, that it &s;eldom procures either Stool or Salivation at fir&s;t. I pre&s;crib'd Crude Mercury to a Woman &s;ubject to the Iliac Pa&s;&s;ions, that had been con&s;ti|pated for a long time. I order'd her three Ounces to be drunk with her other liquors, and continu'd the u&s;e of it <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ill &s;he had four and twenty Ounces in her Body. It pro|duc'd
<PB N="23" REF="21">no &s;en&s;ible effect till the fourth Day that &s;he began to &s;pit; and the vi&s;cid humors that the Mercury had atte|nuated were Copiou&s;ly voided by &s;tool. Thus Crude Mercu|ry is inoffen&s;ive with regard to the &s;olid parts. It does not ir|ritate either the Stomach or Guts, to contract them&s;elves and ca&s;t out what they contain. But only attenuates the vi&s;cid humors that block up the Pa&s;&s;ages, and prepares 'em for a &s;pontaneous Evacuation.</P>
<P>To return to Mercurial Vomits; Mercury being of it &s;elf uncapable to provoke the Stomach, mu&s;t be mix'd with an Acid in order to become Emetic. The more it partakes of the Acid, the more fiercely it operates. If the Acid Spirit in which 'tis di&s;&s;olv'd be drawn off with a gentle fire, and but once; 'tis a dangerous Medicine and &s;carce fit to be us'd. But if the Acid be &s;ufficiently taken off either by a greater force of fire, or reiterated De&s;tillations, it becomes milder. The mixture of the Acid and the Mercurial Al|cali make a Vitriol-like Concrete, which provokes Vomit|ing and moves the Belly; for all Cathartic Medicines ta&s;te like Vitriol.</P>
<P>The be&s;t Emeric of all the Mercurial Family is <HI>Turbith</HI> Mineral. There are two ways of preparing it. The fir&s;t was invented by <HI>Crollius,</HI> and 'tis this.</P>
<P>Take half a Pound of Mercury and Infu&s;e it in a Pound of Rectify'd Spirit of Sulphur. Draw off the Spirit with a &s;trong fire; and repeat the De&s;tillation thrice. The fourth time add a little fre&s;h Spirit, and continue to draw it off till the bottom of the Retort and the Sand become Red hot. Then take out the white Ma&s;s, or <HI>Caput Mortuum,</HI> and infu&s;e it in Rain Water, or &s;ome Di&s;till'd Water. Let it &s;tand and dige&s;t till it &s;weeten, that is, till all the &s;harpne&s;s of the Water be gone. Thus the white precipitat becomes yellow. Put this yellow precipitat into a Gla&s;s with a long Neck, and let it &s;tand for dige&s;tion over a fire of A&s;h|es for eight Days, that &s;o the re&s;i<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ue of the Mercury (if any there be) that is not fix'd by the Acid, may be &s;ublimated in the Head of the Gla&s;s. Then take the Powder that lies at the bottom, and kindle fre&s;h Spirit of Wine thrice upon it.</P>
<P>Here the Spirit of Sulphur is prefer'd to that of Vitriol, which generally retains &s;ome of its Mineral Particles, and by Vertue of their motions, if it &s;tand any con&s;iderable &s;pace of time, grows muddy and hot. Spirit of Salt and Nitre are two extremes, from which that of Sulphur &s;eems
<PB N="24" REF="22">to be equally remov'd. Therefore <HI>Crollius</HI> prefer'd it to all other Acids. He cho&s;e Di&s;till'd Waters for &s;weetening the Precipitate, becau&s;e Common Water is already Loaden with Salt, and therefore unfit to charge it &s;elf with Fo|reign Salts. This Turbith Mineral ought not to be given in Powder, le&s;t it offend the Gums and Palate; Bolus's and Pills are Convenient forms.</P>
<P>Take of <HI>Crollius</HI>'s Turbith Mineral five Grains, <HI>Venice</HI> Triacle, as much as &s;ufficeth to make a Bolus. Or,</P>
<P>Take the &s;ame quantity of Turbith Mineral, and with Juice of <HI>Spani&s;h</HI> Liquorice reduce it to the con&s;i&s;tence of Pills.</P>
<P>The other preparation of Turbith Mineral, was fir&s;t Com|municated to the World by <HI>Myn&s;ichtius.</HI> 'Tis as follows,</P>
<P>Take Corro&s;ive Sublimat Mercury and di&s;&s;olve it in Common Water, then precipitate with the Oyl of Tartar <HI>per deliquium.</HI> Take this precipitat and &s;weeten it often with a Di&s;till'd Water, or not Common Water, and kindle Spirit of Wine upon it &s;everal times.</P>
<P>The Do&s;e is from five Grains to &s;ix. It is a very Power|ful Medicine in all inveterat Di&s;tempers ari&s;ing from an Acid. It ab&s;orbs the Acid Particles, attenuates and evacuates the vi&s;cid humors.</P>
<P>Salt of Vitriol is a Nau&s;eous Medicine, and hurtful to the Stomac. Its Emetic Vertue &s;eems to proceed from the oar of Copper of which it partakes. The Spirit of Sul|phur, and Chalybeat Minerals which are its other Ingredi|ents, are known to be no Vomits.</P>
<P>Vomiting ought to be avoided by tho&s;e who are Subject to a Rupture; by Child-bearing Women, and &s;uch as are troubl'd with a down-falling of the Womb.</P>
</DIV5>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 N="2" TYPE="chapter">
<PB N="25" REF="22">
<HEAD>CHAP. II. <HI>Of Purging Medicines.</HI></HEAD>
<P>THE Humors evacuated by &s;tool are Convey'd to the Guts, by the Pa&s;&s;age of the Choler, or that of the Pancreatic Juice, or through the miliar Glandules in&s;erted into the Coats of the Guts. The Me&s;araic Veins cannot ca&s;t forth any &s;erum, by rea&s;on that all &s;ecretion mu&s;t needs be perform'd by Glandules.</P>
<P>Our Purging Medicines are all prejudicial to the Stomac, except <HI>Aloe</HI> and <HI>Rhubarb.</HI> They are endow'd with a cer|tain Virulency that offends our Con&s;titutions; and do e|qually a&s;&s;ault both the Noxious and Nouri&s;hing Juices. If they do not meet with Corrupt Humors, they make a prey of the good ones. Accordingly we &s;ee that they weaken the Body, di&s;order the Spirits, and &s;ometimes produce ve|ry di&s;mal effects. Which obliges us to add Correcters to qua|lify and cicurate their Malignant Qualities.</P>
<P>The Animal Family produces no Purgatives. The Ve|getable Boa&s;ts of a great many, which are all endow'd with a &s;harp Volatil Salt mix'd with a vi&s;cid Oyl. Fix'd Salts are the mo&s;t proper Correcters of Vegetable Purga|tives, by rea&s;on that they open the re&s;inous Textures, and remove the offending vi&s;cidity. Sometimes Fermentation produces the &s;ame effect. The Mineral Purging Medicines con&s;i&s;t of a &s;harp Vitriolic Sulphur, which is admirably Corrected by adding Nitre.</P>
<P>They all compa&s;s their end by twitching and vellicating the Coats of the Guts, or the Orifices of the Choleric and Pancreatic Pa&s;&s;ages; or by &s;queezing the Miliar Glandules, and &s;o provoking them to an evacuation. Some Purging Medicines enter into the Blood, and di&s;&s;olve its Ma&s;s. If there be any corrupt juices Incorporated with it, they carry them off. If there be none, they melt down the laud|able Blood into &s;erum, and di&s;po&s;e it for &s;ecretion.</P>
<PB N="26" REF="23">
<P>We are oppre&s;s'd with a Numberle&s;s train of Purging Medicines, whereas one or two might An&s;wer all our de|mands. Some few indeed, be&s;ides the evacuating Vertue, have a &s;pecific Relation to &s;ome Di&s;ea&s;es, as black Hellebor to Melancholly, Rhubarb to the di&s;orders of the Kidneys, and e&s;pecially <HI>C<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">loquintida</HI> to all Acid Enormities. But by a mode&s;t Computation, five or &s;ix might be pick'd out that might very well &s;uffice for all the Indications in Phy&s;ic. The&s;e are, Jalap, Senna, black Hellebor, Aloe and Rhubarb, to which ye may add Scammony and Coloquintida, for quickning Ingredients.</P>
<P>Jalap is a Root imported from <HI>Mexico.</HI> Its Purgative Vertue is owing to its re&s;inous Oyly parts which are &s;trong|ly &s;ix'd by an Acid. For if ye extract the Re&s;in out of it by Spirit of Wine, the remaining <HI>Caput Mortuum</HI> is rob'd of its Purging Vertue. This di&s;covers the error of many Phy&s;icians who order Jalap to be infus'd in Wine or Com|mon Water, which are improper Vehicles for a re&s;inous Body. It purges gently without throws or gripings. The excrements it evacuates are ting'd with a yellow Colour. It agrees be&s;t with moi&s;t Con&s;titutions; and is recommended by <HI>Borellus,</HI> as a &s;pecific in a Drop&s;y.</P>
<P>If it be well Concocted in the fir&s;t Pa&s;&s;ages, it not only evacuates but attenuates the humors. But the Re&s;in of Jalap taken in &s;olid Powder &s;ticks to the pleats of the Stomach and Guts, cau&s;es a great many di&s;orders, and &s;ome|times a &s;uper-purgation. Whereas if it be di&s;&s;olv'd with the Yelk of an Egg in any convenient liquor, it is ea&s;ily concoct|ed, and operates without any trouble. If Jalap be de&s;ir'd in a &s;olid form, we pre&s;cribe thus,</P>
<P>Take Cream of Tartar from fifteen Grains to a Scruple, Powder of Jalap ten, twelve, or fifteen Grains, and a drop or two of Di&s;till'd Oyl of Anni&s;&s;eeds or Mace. Mix and make a Powder.</P>
<P>If it want to be quicken'd, thus,</P>
<P>Take Powder of Jalap ten, fifteen or &s;ixteen Grains, Cream of Tartar, or Tartar Vitriolated, or the Salt call'd <HI>Arcanum Duplicatum,</HI> from twelve to fifteen Grains. Prepar'd Scammony one Grain or two. Di&s;till'd Oyl of Ani&s;&s;eeds or Mace, or Cinnamon two drops. Mix and make a Powder as above. This is call'd the Purging Vegetable for many u&s;es, or <HI>Purgans Vegetabile Poly|chre&s;tum.</HI></P>
<PB N="27" REF="23">
<P>The following pre&s;cription purges gently and do's not Gripe.</P>
<P>Take Powder of Jalap from half a Scruple to fifteen Grains, Nitre depurated half a Scruple (or four Grains of Nitre and the like quantity of Salt of Tartar) prepar'd Scammony one Grain or two, Di&s;till'd Oyl of Ani&s;&s;eeds or Mace one or two drops. Mix and make a Powder. Or,</P>
<P>Take Cream of Tartar one Scruple, Re&s;in of Jalap half a Scruple, Salt of Tartar &s;even Grains, Di&s;till'd Oyl of Ani&s;|&s;eeds two drops.</P>
<P>If a Bolus be more acceptable than a Powder,</P>
<P>Take of Con&s;erve of Clovegilliflowers half a Dram, Cream of Tartar fifteen Grains, Powder of Jalap half a Scruple. Di&s;till'd Oyl of Mace two drops. With a &s;uffi|cient quantity of Solutive Syrup of Ro&s;es make a Bolus. Or,</P>
<P>Take of the Pulp of Rai&s;ins two Drams, Powder of Ja|lap one Scruple, Scammony prepar'd with Sulphur one Grain. With a &s;ufficient quantity of the Syrup of Fumito|ry make an Electuary.</P>
<P>For Pills pre&s;cribe thus,</P>
<P>Take of <HI>Extractum Catholicum</HI> twelve Grains. Re&s;in of Jalap four Grains, the extract of <HI>Trochi&s;ci Alhandal</HI> two Grains. Mix for Pills.</P>
<P>For a liquid form, thus,</P>
<P>Take of Spirit of Wine, or of any other rectified Spirit one Pint, of the Roots of Jalap four Ounces, Citron Peel &s;ix Drams; Saffron five Grains. Let them &s;tand in a warm infu&s;ion, then &s;train the liquor and re&s;erve it for u&s;e: 'Tis call'd <HI>E&s;&s;entia Citrata,</HI> and may be given from half an Ounce to &s;ix Drams. Or,</P>
<P>Take of Hy&s;&s;op Water one Ounce, Cinnamon Water three Drams. Powder of Jalap fifteen Grains. Extract of <HI>Trochi&s;ci Alhandal</HI> two Grains. Syrup of Cichory with Rhu|barb half an Ounce. Mix for a Potion. Or,</P>
<P>Take Ro&s;in of Jalap from half a Scruple to twelve Grains, Salt of Tartar from &s;ix to &s;even Grains, with a &s;ufficient quantity of the Syrup of Ro&s;es, make a Syrup. The Salt of Tartar Correct the re&s;in, and prevents its &s;ticking to the pleats of the Stomach.</P>
<P>If an Emul&s;ion be more agreeable,</P>
<P>Take Melon&s;eeds peel'd half a Dram, Re&s;in of Jalap &s;ix, &s;even, eight, nine, or fourteen Grains. Beat them up toge|ther,
<PB N="28" REF="24">pouring in of warm Ro&s;e Water or Mint Water, or any other convenient Water, one Ounce; add Cinnamon Water two Drams. Make an Emul&s;ion, and &s;weeten it with &s;olutive Syrup of Ro&s;es or any other grateful Syrup. Ye may add two Grains of Scammony prepar'd with Sulphur or one Grain of the extract of <HI>Trochi&s;ci Alhandal,</HI> with eight Grains of Salt of Tartar.</P>
<P><HI>Hartwigius</HI> prepar'd it with the Yelk of an Egg, thus,</P>
<P>Take Re&s;in of Jalap &s;even, eight, or ten Grains (and for tho&s;e who are more robu&s;t, twelve or fifteen Grains) beat 'em up with the Yelk of an Egg. Then pour upon them of Fennel or Mint Water half an Ounce, or as much as &s;ufficeth to make an Emul&s;ion. Afterwards add Cinnamon Water a Dram or two; with a &s;mall quantity of &s;ugar or Sy|rup of Cinnamom. 'Tis an admirable Purge and &s;ometimes evacuates both upwards and downwards.</P>
<P><HI>Senna</HI> was fir&s;t found out by the <HI>Arabians. Hippocrates,</HI> and the Ancient <HI>Grecians</HI> knew nothing of it. It is a mild Purgative; more u&s;ual in Chronical Di&s;tempers, than in acute, which are generally cur'd by Vomits. Three things are di|ligently to be ob&s;erv'd in u&s;ing of it. Fir&s;t, that the leaves be well &s;eparated from the &s;talks, which are apt to Gripe. Secondly, that they be not infus'd too long, le&s;t the thic|ker mucilage which is trouble&s;om to the Stomac and Guts be al&s;o extracted. For the Purging Vertue of <HI>Senna</HI> proceeds from a Volatil mucilage attended by a thicker. The former is gentle and ea&s;y. The latter griping to a high degree. Thirdly, that it be never exhibited without the addition of Ginger and Tartar, which &s;harpen and atte|nuate the mucilage. It is a proper purge for hot and dry Con&s;titutions.</P>
<P>We pre&s;cribe it in Powder thus,</P>
<P>Take of Cream of Tartar and Leaves of Pick'd <HI>Senna,</HI> of each two Drams, Ginger, Ani&s;&s;eeds, Cinnamom and Galandal, of each half a Scruple. Mix and make a Powder. Which is a gentle Lenitive, and may be taken at Dinner in a &s;poonful of broth. Do&s;e; as much as will lie upon the Point of a knife. The infu&s;ion of <HI>Senna</HI> is better than the Decoction, in which the Volatil mucilage evapo|rates, and the thicker is too much extracted. If ye add Cream of Tartar to it, it mu&s;t always be boyl'd, el&s;e it will not mix with the Cream. Therefore in &s;imple infu&s;ions we
<PB N="29" REF="24">only add Salt of Tartar, and for the mo&s;t part black Hel|lebor.</P>
<P>For Decoction,</P>
<P>Take of the leaves of Pick'd <HI>Senna,</HI> Fearn of the Oak, of each three Drams, Cream of Tartar one Dram. Boyl them in a clo&s;e Ve&s;&s;el with a &s;ufficient quantity of Cinnamom Water. Strain out three Ounces of the Liquor, and add to it three Drams of Cinna|mom Water, and half an Ounce of the Syrup of Borrage. Mix for a draught.</P>
<P>For Infu&s;ion,</P>
<P>Take of the leaves of <HI>Senna</HI> two, three, or four Drams. Ginger or Ani&s;&s;eeds a Scruple, Salt of Tartar from fifteen Grains to a Scruple. Infu&s;e them in a &s;ufficient quantity of Cinnamom Water, or Fumitory, or Cichory Water. Let them &s;tand warm for a Night. In the morning give two or four Ounces of the &s;train'd Liquor according to the Cir|cum&s;tances of the Patient, adding two, three, or four Drams of &s;olutive Syrup of Ro&s;es, or Syrup of the Juice of Chermes Berries. The Salt of Tartar will ren|der the Potion red, but 'tis very grateful, and operates gent|ly. But I prefer the following infu&s;ion.</P>
<P>Take of the leaves of <HI>Senna</HI> a Dram and a half, or two or four Drams (at mo&s;t.) Black Hellebor Roots, from half a Dram to a Dram, (or Rhu|barb from a Dram to two Drams) Anni&s;&s;eeds, from a Scruple to a Dram (or Ginger from a Scruple to half a Dram) Salt of Tartar fifteen, twenty, or thirty Grains. In|fu&s;e them in a &s;ufficient quantity of Betony, Fumitory, Hy&s;|&s;op or Cichory Water, for a Night. Add to two, three or four Ounces of the &s;train'd Liquor, three or four Drams of Cinnamom Water, with half an Ounce of &s;olutive Syrup of Ro&s;es, or Syrup of Apples, or any other &s;weetening thing.</P>
<P>If ye de&s;ign one Infu&s;ion for &s;everal Do&s;es,</P>
<P>Take of Corents an Ounce and a half, beat them in a Marble Mortar, pouring upon them a pint and a half of warm Water. Then infu&s;e leaves of Pick'd <HI>Senna</HI> three Drams, Cream of Tartar one Dram, Violet Flowers three little handfuls. Let them infu&s;e warm in a Gla&s;s well &s;topp'd. And when 'tis grown cold give three or four Ounces every Morning and Evening, or every other Day. It is good for dry Hypochondriac Con&s;titutions, and &s;uch as are &s;ubject to a Con&s;tipated Belly. But it ought
<PB N="30" REF="25">not to be kept above eight Days. In Chronical Di&s;ea&s;es, and Inveterat quartan Feavers, the following Infu&s;ion may be given before the inva&s;ion of the Paroxi&s;m.</P>
<P>Take of the leaves of <HI>Senna</HI> three Drams, black Hellebor Roots a Dram and a half, Ginger half a Dram, Salt of Tartar two Scruples (if ye plea&s;e, ye may add &s;ome &s;weet <HI>Calamus</HI> Roots) chop and beat them &s;mall, and tye them up in a Bag. Whch infu&s;e in a Pint and a half of Water, or warm Ale. Set it in a warm place, and let it grow cold by degrees; Let the &s;ick Per&s;on take two or three Drams every two or three hours.</P>
<P>I proceed to black Hellebor. 'Tis call'd &s;o from its little black Roots, tho' it have white Flowers. It is endow'd with a Volatil &s;harpne&s;s, not unlike that of Anti&s;corbutic Medi|cines. Upon this Account it is a &s;pecific for all Di&s;ea&s;es re|lating to the Nerves. It is never given in &s;ub&s;tance by rea|&s;on of its extreme &s;harpne&s;s; but only in infu&s;ion, or by way of Extract. The Ancients were wont to infu&s;e it in Vinegar; but in vain. For all Acids are &s;o far from Cor|recting Vegetable Purging Medicines, that they rather Im|pri&s;on them and elude their Operation.</P>
<P>The Warry Vehicles are be&s;t for Hellebor, which we ge|nerally infu&s;e together with <HI>Senna.</HI> Salt of Tartar is a pro|per Correcter for it. In a dry Scorbutic Con&s;titution we in|fu&s;e it in whey, thus,</P>
<P>Take o<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> black Hellebor Roots two Drams, <HI>Senna</HI> leaves one Dram (if ye plea&s;e, ye may add Polypody or Water Cre&s;&s;es) Infu&s;e in a &s;ufficient quantity of Clarified whey for a Night. In the Morning &s;train out three Ounces, and add to it a Dram of Spirit of Scurvy-Gra&s;s and two Drams of Cinnamom Water. Mix and make a draught for one Do&s;e. Oft-times the Hellebor is ty'd up in a Bag.</P>
<P>As for the Extract, the mo&s;t compendious way of mak|ing it is this.</P>
<P>Take of black Hellebor Roots &s;lic'd a convenient quantity; Infu&s;e them in Rheni&s;h Wine. Let them dige&s;t till the Wine have a&s;&s;um'd the ta&s;te and colour of the Hellebor, Then thicken it to the con&s;i&s;tence of a Rob. Some add Salt of Tartar. Some make this Extract with Spirit of Wine, but I &s;hould not dare to u&s;e it.</P>
<P>In a Habitual Epilep&s;y the following Pills are very proper.</P>
<PB N="31" REF="25">
<P>Take of Extract of black Hellebor half a Scruple, or fif|teen Grains, &s;weet Mercury half a Scruple, fifteen Grains, or a whole Scruple (according to the Circum&s;tances of the Patient.) Extract of the Troches call'd Alhandal, from one to three Grains. With a &s;ufficient quantity of the E&s;&s;ence of Mint, or Sage, or Sa&s;&s;afras, make Pills.</P>
<P>For Cachectic Scorbutic Di&s;po&s;itions u&s;e the following Pill.</P>
<P>Take of <HI>Quercetanus</HI>'s Tartar Pills and Extract of black Hellebor, of each twelve or fifteen Grains. Prepar'd Scam|mony from one to three Grains. With a &s;ufficient quantity of the &s;olution of Steel prepar'd with Salt; Make Pills for one Do&s;e.</P>
<P>For all Chronical Di&s;tempers u&s;e this Pill, <HI>viz.</HI></P>
<P>Take of <HI>Ruffus</HI>'s Pills <HI>d<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> tribus,</HI> Extract of black Hellebor of each half a Scruple. The Vitriol of Steel Calcinated till it become white five Grains, prepar'd Scammony one Grain. With a &s;ufficient quantity of the E&s;&s;ence of <HI>Gum Ammoniac,</HI> make Pills; Which are of excellent u&s;e to Hypochondriac Per&s;ons.</P>
<P>Next to Hellebor comes <HI>Aloe.</HI> It is the Juice of an <HI>Indian</HI> Plant, and was frequently us'd by the Ancients. It has &s;ome Gummy Parts and &s;ome Re&s;inous. The former evacuate very gently. The latter are endow'd with a baumy a&s;trin|gent bitterne&s;s, and Entitle Aloe to the Character of an ad|mirable Stomachic. The&s;e two parts are evidently di&s;tin|gui&s;h'd by wa&s;hing Aloe in Water; where the Gummy part is wa&s;h'd away, and the Re&s;inous remains. Yet &s;ome People are &s;o fooli&s;h as to pre&s;cribe wa&s;h'd Aloe for a Purging Medicine.</P>
<P>'Tis no quick Purgative, and therefore &s;carce &s;o proper for Acute, as for Chronical di&s;tempers, where gradual and &s;low Purgations are requir'd; and where the altering Medicines mu&s;t keep pace with tho&s;e which evacuate&punc; For a Per&s;on &s;ubject to the Hypochondriac di&s;temper, I've order'd the following Pills to be &s;wallow'd down once in two or four weeks.</P>
<P>Take of lucid Aloe two Drams, <HI>Gum Ammoniac</HI> di&s;&s;olv'd in Vinegar one Dram, Tartar prepar'd with Vitriol half a Dram. With a &s;ufficient quantity of the E&s;&s;ence of <HI>Gum Ammoniac;</HI> Make a Ma&s;s for Pills, of which take ten or fif|teen two hours before &s;upper, and they will purge gently next Day. <HI>N. B. Gum Ammoniac</HI> ought to be di&s;&s;olv'd, not depurated or evaporated, le&s;t it &s;u&s;tain a lo&s;s of its better part.</P>
<PB N="32" REF="26">
<P>The Extract of Aloe may be made thus,</P>
<P>Take a convenient quantity of the Juice of Succory, or Ro&s;es, or Violets; Infu&s;e lucid Aloe into it. Let it &s;tand for Dige&s;tion, and 'twill Extract a mucilage; &s;train this mu|cilage and thicken it to the con&s;i&s;tence of an Extract. Which may be given in Pills. Do&s;e; one, two, or three Grains. Or thus,</P>
<P>Take of Extract of Aloes thus prepar'd half an Ounce, Extract of <HI>Gum Ammoniac</HI> two Drams. The Vitriol of Steel Calcinated till it become white one Dram, Troches call'd <HI>Alhandal</HI> twelve Grains. With a &s;ufficient quantity of the E&s;&s;ence of Steel, make a Ma&s;s for Pills.</P>
<P>Next to Aloe the mo&s;t u&s;ual Purging Medicine is Rhubarb. Which, if it be Genuine, is Imported hither from <HI>Sina.</HI> It enjoys a Volatil &s;harpne&s;s lodg'd in a watry mucilage, which cau&s;es evacuation; but is &s;o &s;ubtile that the lea&s;t heat drives it away. And when it is gone, the remainder is a fix'd, bitter, pacific &s;ub&s;tance; which is admirably fitted for removing Loo&s;ene&s;&s;es, com|forting the Liver, and redre&s;&s;ing the di&s;orders of the Kidneys.</P>
<P>If it be given in Infu&s;ion, pre&s;cribe thus,</P>
<P>Take of the tops of le&s;&s;er Centory one handful, choice Rhubarb two or three Drams. Leaves of <HI>Senna</HI> one Dram. <HI>Salt</HI> of <HI>Tartar</HI> half a <HI>Scruple.</HI> Infu&s;e in a &s;ufficient quantity of <HI>Wormwood</HI> Wine for a Night. Strain it in the Morning and exhibit three Ounces.</P>
<P>For the <HI>Jaundice</HI> and other di&s;orders of the Liver, we commonly pre&s;cribe a large infu&s;ion for &s;everal Do&s;es. As,</P>
<P>Take of Corents beaten from an Ounce to an Ounce and a half, choice <HI>Rhubarb</HI> from half an Ounce to &s;ix Drams, <HI>Cinnamom</HI> two Drams. Infu&s;e in a Pound and a half of water. Let them &s;tand for four and twen|ty hours in a clo&s;e Ve&s;&s;el put into hot water. 'Tis a very Plea&s;ant Potion for &s;everal Do&s;es.</P>
<P>It is al&s;o given in Powder; as for Dy&s;enteries, Bleed|ings, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P>Take choice <HI>Rhubarb</HI> and burnt <HI>Hart&s;horn</HI> of each half a Dram, Extract of <HI>Venice</HI> Triacle four Grains (or in|&s;tead of it, a Grain and a half of <HI>Laudanum Opiatum</HI>) Di&s;till'd Oyl of <HI>Cinnamom</HI> one or two drops. Mix and make a Powder.</P>
<PB N="33" REF="26">
<P>Toa&s;ted Rhubarb, tho' commonly us'd in this ca&s;e, is a medicine of no efficacy. Rhubarb it &s;elf in Powder is in|finitely better. As,</P>
<P>Take of choice Rhubarb (not toa&s;ted) fifteen Grains, Pre|par'd Blood Stone half a Scruple. Red Coral Prepar'd five Grains. Mix and make a Powder.</P>
<P>The following Electuary is a Sovereign Medicine for the Yellow Jaundice.</P>
<P>Take of Rai&s;ins bruis'd four Ounces, choice Rhubarb reduced to fine Powder half an Ounce, with a &s;ufficient quantity of &s;olutive Syrup of Ro&s;es make an Electuary. Of which, let the Patient take about the bigne&s;s of a Nutmeg.</P>
<P>Some make an Extract of Rhubarb with Spirit of Wine; but 'tis good for nothing. Some make it with Water, which is better than the former, tho' not extraordinary. Some make <HI>Elixyr Proprietatis</HI> with Rhubarb, and 'tis an excel|lent Medicine.</P>
<P>The Remaining Purgatives are Scammony and Colequin|tida, which are &s;eldom exhibited alone, but added to other Medicines. They are very u&s;eful, where we de&s;ire to a|bridge the quantity of a Purging Medicine. As for Ex|ample,</P>
<P>Take of Pills of <HI>Hiera</HI> with <HI>Agaric, Quercetanus</HI>'s Pills of Ammoniac, of each half a Scruple. Prepar'd Scammc|ny two Grains, <HI>Troches</HI> call'd <HI>Alhandal</HI> one Grain. With the Di&s;till'd Oyl of Mace make Pills. Or,</P>
<P>Take of the Ma&s;s for Pills of <HI>Hiera</HI> with <HI>Agaric,</HI> twelve, fifteen or twenty Grains. Gum Ammoniac di&s;&s;olv'd in Vi|negar half a Scruple, Scammony Prepar'd with Sulphur two Grains, Extract of Troches <HI>Alhandal,</HI> one Grain. With a &s;ufficient quantity of the E&s;&s;ence of Wormwood, or Sa&s;&s;a|fras, Make a Ma&s;s for Pills. If ye plea&s;e, ye may add half a Scruple of Extract of Wormwood. They are of Univer|&s;al u&s;e, as likewi&s;e what follows.</P>
<P>Take of <HI>Andernius</HI>'s <HI>Extractum Catholicum,</HI> and of Crol|lius<HI>'s Extractum Panchymagogum,</HI> of each half a Scruple, Gum Ammoniac di&s;&s;olv'd in Vinegar twelve Grains, Scam|mony Prepar'd with Sulphur, and Extract of Troches <HI>Al|handal,</HI> of each one or two Grains. With <HI>Elixyr Pro|prietatis,</HI> or Tincture of Tartar. Make Pills.</P>
<P>Scammony is us'd likewi&s;e in Powder. As,</P>
<PB N="34" REF="27">
<P>Take of Tartar Prepar'd with Vitriol, twelve or fifteen Grains. Scammony Prepar'd with Sulphur, two or three Grains. Troches <HI>Alhandal</HI> (or the Extract made of 'em) one or two Grains. Oyl of Ani&s;eeds two drops. Mix and make a Powder.</P>
<P>If a Bolus be more acceptable.</P>
<P>Take of the Powder call'd <HI>Hypochondriacus Laxativus</HI> one Dram, Prepar'd Scammony one or two Grains. With a &s;ufficient quantity of &s;olutive Syrup of Ro&s;es, Make a Bolus.</P>
<P>Scammony is the Ba&s;is of the Powder call'd <HI>Cornachini,</HI> which is &s;ometimes Lenitive and &s;ometimes Emetic. 'Tis this,</P>
<P>Take Re&s;in of Scammony half a Scruple. Antimony fix'd and reduc'd to an <HI>Alcali,</HI> by the Addition of Nitre, eight Grains. Cream of Tartar three Grains. Mix and make a Powder. <HI>N. B.</HI> that Antimony fix'd by Nitre is more proper than Diaphoretic Antimony.</P>
<P>Scammony enjoys both a Re&s;inous &s;ub&s;tance which eva|cuates, and a Gummy &s;ub&s;tance which alters and melts down the humors. 'Tis a Medicine, that may be &s;afely ex|hibited to Children, if mix'd with Saline Powders. As,</P>
<P>Take of Cream of Tartar fifteen Grains. Tartar Prepar'd with Vitriol half a Scruple. Prepar'd Scammony two Grains. Troches <HI>Alhandal</HI> one Grain. Mix and make a Powder. Or,</P>
<P>Take of the Pulp of Rai&s;ins a Dram and a half. Tartar Prepar'd with Vitriol, or <HI>Sal-armoniac,</HI> twelve Grains. Re|&s;in of Jalap &s;ix Grains. Scammony Prepar'd with Sulphur two Grains. With &s;olutive Syrup of Ro&s;es, Make a Bolus.</P>
<P>Re&s;in of Scammony is a Medicine that I do not much admire. Scammony it &s;elf in Powder and right Prepar'd is be&s;t. I Prepare it with Clarified Juice of Quinces, mixing them well together, and letting them &s;tand for Dige&s;tion. This Extracts a Mucilage which I take out and thicken. It may be us'd either by way of Powder or Extract.</P>
<P>If an Emul&s;ion be more Acceptable.</P>
<P>Take Prepar'd Scammony from half a Scruple to fifteen Grains, pour upon it Ro&s;e-Water &s;harpen'd by Oyl of Tartar, <HI>per Deliquium;</HI> and make an Emul&s;ion according to Art. Ye may add a little Cinnamom-Water, and &s;weeten it with Sugar or Syrup.</P>
<P><HI>Coliquintida</HI> is a har&s;h Medicine, but if well Prepar'd pro|duces many laudable effects. The be&s;t Preparation is with
<PB N="35" REF="27">Salt of Tartar. If it &s;tand and dige&s;t with Salt of Tartar for any con&s;iderable time, its &s;harpne&s;s Vani&s;hes, and the Bitterne&s;s only remains. Some u&s;e the Extract of it, and &s;ome tye it in a Bag; but I prefer the form of Troches.</P>
<P>I &s;hall conclude the train of Purging Medicines with &s;weet Mercury, or <HI>Mercurius Dulcis.</HI> 'Tis added to other Purges, in order to qualify them for Chronical Di&s;tem|pers. As,</P>
<P>Take of <HI>Crollius</HI>'s Extract, call'd <HI>Panchymagogum,</HI> or of black Hellebor fifteen Grains. Sweet Mercury from half a Scruple to fifteen Grains. Scammony Prepar'd with Sulphur a Grain or two. Extract of Troches <HI>Alhandal</HI> one Grain, or a Grain and a half. With the E&s;&s;ence of Mint or Sa&s;&s;affras, make Mercurial Pills. Or,</P>
<P>Take of Con&s;erve of Fumitory one Dram. Sweet Mer|cury from fifteen Grains to a Scruple. Prepar'd Scammo|ny five Grains. With the Con&s;erve of Rasberries, Make a Bolus.</P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 N="3" TYPE="chapter">
<HEAD>CHAP. III. <HI>Of the Medicines that provoke &V;rine.</HI></HEAD>
<P>THE third &s;ort of evacuating Medicines is Diuretic. Some of which are Volatil, &s;ome fix'd. The Volatil are &s;uch as the&s;e. Take of Par&s;ley-Water two or three Ounces. Re&s;thar|row, or Winter Cherry-Water one Ounce. <HI>Elixyr</HI> of Juni|per Berries (from &s;imilitude of ta&s;te call'd <HI>Malvaticum</HI>) &s;ix Drams or one Ounce, or an Ounce and a half. Spirit of pu|trified Earthworms three-Drams. Volatil Spirit of Tartar from half an Ounce to &s;ix Drams. Syrup of Ground Ivy, or Syrup of Fennel, from three to &s;ix Drams. Mix and make a Potion. Of which exhibit a &s;poonful at a time. Or,</P>
<P>Take of Ground Ivy-Water, Re&s;tharrow-Water, and Par|&s;ley-Water, of each an Ounce. <HI>Elixyr</HI> of Juniper (call'd <HI>Malvaticum</HI>) an Ounce and a half. Rectify'd Spirit of pu|trify'd Earthworms three Drams. Spirit of <HI>Sal-armoniac</HI> a Dram and a half. Syrup of Ground Ivy one Ounce. Mix
<PB N="36" REF="28">and make a Potion. Do&s;e, two, three, or four Spoonfuls. Or, add three or four drops of di&s;till'd Oyl of Turpentin, or &s;ix drops of Oyl of Juniper, in the Room of Spirit of <HI>Sal-armoniac.</HI> Or,</P>
<P>Take of Strawberry-Water two Ounces. Tincture of Tar|tar two Drams. Syrup of Ground Ivy half an Ounce. Mix and make a Potion. Ye may add E&s;&s;ential Salt of Tartar, or dulcify'd Spirit of Salt, or Quinte&s;&s;ence of Urine.</P>
<P><HI>Amelungius</HI>'s Nephritic Tincture, is a Powerful Diuretic. 'Tis made of Nitre, Tartar, Hungarian Antimony, and a &s;ort of Flint Stones that are &s;peckl'd with yellow &s;pots. The Nitre is fir&s;t di&s;&s;olv'd in Simple Water, then the other In|gredients are added, and after Dige&s;tion the Liquor is drawn off by Di&s;tillation.</P>
<P><HI>Michael</HI>'s Carminative Spirit is likewi&s;e an excellent Me|dicine for this purpo&s;e, which is drawn from Nitre, Tartar and Spirit of Wine Tartaris'd: But above all Amber, with its Volatil Salt and Di&s;till'd Oyl.</P>
<P>All the Aromatic Herbs, but e&s;pecially fleabane, are good Diuretics. Camphyr, Turpentin, Juniper, Human Urine, Earthworms, and their various Preparations, are likewi&s;e of the &s;ame Family.</P>
<P>The Juice of the Birch-Tree, provokes Urine more ef|fectually than any other Medicine. It ferments like Wine, and becomes &s;owr like Vinegar; and is an incomparable Medicine for Nephritic Pains.</P>
<P>Next to it is the Infu&s;ion of <HI>Spani&s;h</HI> flies, which I pre|pare thus.</P>
<P>Take of the Powder of <HI>Spani&s;h</HI> flies one Scruple, Infu&s;e them in three or four Ounces of the be&s;t Rheni&s;h Wine. Let them &s;tand in a warm place for &s;everal Days and Nights. Then &s;train it out through Paper. The Do&s;e ten, fifteen, or twenty drops to be exhibited in a draught of warm Broth. Sometimes this Medicine cau&s;es Ulcers in the Blad|der and a Pi&s;&s;ing of Blood; but a large draught of Milk with a little Salt of Tartar, will quickly remove the&s;e Symptoms.</P>
<P>For a Diuretic Decoction. Pre&s;cribe thus,</P>
<P>Take of the Leaves of Strawberries and Pellitory of the Wall, of each a handful and a half. Of the five opening Roots ten Drams. Winter Cherries and Juniper-Berries, of each &s;ix Drams. The Seeds of the A&s;h-Tree and Red Vetches, of each three Drams. Cream of Tartar two Drams. Boyl them in Par&s;ley and Winter-Cherry-Water.
<PB N="37" REF="28">Strain out a pint and a half, in which di&s;&s;olve Rob of Ju|niper two Ounces. <HI>Fernelius</HI>'s Syrup of Mar&s;hmallows one Ounce. Spirit of Salt dulcify'd with the Spirit of Straw-Berries, as much as &s;ufficeth to give it a grateful &s;harpne&s;s. So much for Volatil Diuretics.</P>
<P>The fix'd Medicines that provoke Urine are all the fix'd Salts of Herbs, and the Artificial Compound Salts, as Tar|tar Prepar'd with Vitriol, and the Salt call'd <HI>Dige&s;tivum Hypochondriacum.</HI> Which is the <HI>Caput Mortuum,</HI> remain|ing after the De&s;tillation of <HI>Salarmoniac</HI> with Salt of Tartar. Gromwell-Seeds, Violet-Seeds, and the Emul&s;ions Prepar'd from them belong to this Cla&s;s. The forms of Pre&s;cription are the&s;e,</P>
<P>Take of Tartar Prepar'd with Vitriol a Dram and a half. Salts of Bean &s;talks, broom, and Pigeons dung of each half a Dram. Mix and make a Powder for &s;everal Do&s;es to be taken in Wine. Ye may add the Di&s;till'd Oyl of Turpen|tin, or of Juniper Berries. As,</P>
<P>Take of the Salt call'd <HI>Arcanum Duplicatum,</HI> half a Dram. Salt of Broom, or Pigeons Dung a Scruple; Di&s;til'd Oyl of Juniper Berries or of Turpentin four drops. Mix and make a Powder for two Do&s;es.</P>
<P>Cream of Tartar, or Crabs Eyes, or Nitre, or Vitriol of Steel, or Volatil Salt of Amber, may be added by turns.</P>
<P>The Natural Spaw Waters provoke Urine plentifully; as al&s;o the Spirit of Salt and Dulcify'd Spirit of Nitre.</P>
<P>If the form of a Bolus be de&s;ir'd, pre&s;cribe thus,</P>
<P>Take Rob of Juniper one Dram. Crabs Eyes Prepar'd fifteen Grains. Tartar Prepar'd with Vitriol half a Scruple. Mix and make a Bolus. Or, if an Electuary be more ac|ceptable,</P>
<P>Take of Con&s;erve of Violets one Ounce. Rob of Juni|per half an Ounce. Crabs Eyes Prepar'd two Drams. <HI>Arca|num Duplicatum</HI> one Dram. With a &s;ufficient quantity of Syrup of Ground Ivy, make an Electuary. Which &s;prin|kle with a few drops of the Spirit of Salt.</P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 N="4" TYPE="chapter">
<PB N="38" REF="29">
<HEAD>CHAP. IV. <HI>Of the Medicines that procure Sweat.</HI></HEAD>
<P>THE di&s;&s;olution of the Blood and its &s;wifter Circulati|on, cau&s;e the &s;eparation of the &s;erum, which is evacu|ated by the Glandules in the skin. The Medicines of this fourth Cla&s;s, are &s;uch as produce the&s;e effects. Some of which are Volatil and others fix'd. Of the fir&s;t &s;ort are the Spirits and Volatil Salts, Extracted from Animal and Vege|table Productions, &s;uch as Spirit of Hart&s;horn, Urine, Vi|pers, Human Blood, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> And the Spirits Prepar'd from Ve|getables by Putrefaction. The Di&s;till'd Oyls of Amber, Tartar, Guajacum, and &s;uch as are drawn from the Bones and other Parts of Animals. All Re&s;inous, Aromatic, bit|ter and Attenuating Vegetables, and their various Compo|&s;itions, as <HI>Venice</HI> Triacle, Mithridate, Dia&s;cordium, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> They are pre&s;crib'd in the&s;e or the like forms.</P>
<P>Take of Volatil <HI>Salarmoniac</HI> fifteen Grains. Camphyr two Grains. Mix and make a Powder. Or,</P>
<P>Take of Fumitory Water one Ounce. Spirit of Harts|horn together with its Volatil Salt one Dram. <HI>Syrup</HI> of <HI>Carduus Benedictus,</HI> two Drams. Mix for a Potion. Or,</P>
<P>Take of Elder Flower Water one Ounce. Spirit of Elder-Berries one Dram. Spirit of <HI>Sal-armoniac,</HI> from half a Dram to a whole one. Camphyr two Grains. Syrup of <HI>Car|duus Benedictus,</HI> half an Ounce. Make a Potion for one Do&s;e. Or,</P>
<P>Take of <HI>Carduus Benedictus</HI> Water, an Ounce and a half. Spirit of <HI>Sal-armoniac,</HI> a Dram. Or Volatil <HI>Sal-armoniac,</HI> a Scruple. Di&s;till'd Oyl of Cloves, two drops. Syrup of Fennel, or Orange Peel, half an Ounce. Mix for a daught.</P>
<P>Take of Viper Gra&s;s Water, one Ounce. Cinnamom-Wated, half a Dram. Spirit of Triacle Prepar'd with Cam|<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="4 letters">, half a Dram. Vola<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="3 letters"> Salt of Hart&s;horn, twelve <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 word"> Volatil Salt of Amber, &s;ix Grains. Syrup of Scor|<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 span"> Ounce. Make a <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">o<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ion.</P>
<PB N="39" REF="29">
<P>As for the fix'd Medicines that procure &s;weat, &s;uch are all Lixivial Salts, well alkalis'd, and the fix'd &s;ulphurs of Me|tals and Minerals. Antimony, Steel and Nitre joyn'd toge|ther, make a Powerful Sudorific, or the Sulphur of Anti|mony and Steel. The Bezoar &s;tone is an ineffectual Medi|cine, by rea&s;on that there is not one of a Thou&s;and that is Genuin. The &s;tone cut out of Human Bodies is infinitely better, and a Sovereign Antidot in all Pe&s;tilential Di&s;ea&s;es. We pre&s;cribe &s;uch Medicines in the&s;e or the like forms.</P>
<P>Take of Diaphoretic Antimony, Hart&s;horn not burnt, and Salt of <HI>Carduus Benedictus,</HI> of each twelve Grains. Mix and make a Powder, which is to be taken in the Morn|ing fa&s;ting, in a warm Vehicle. Or,</P>
<P>Take of Simple or Chalybeat Diaphoretic Antimony, one Scruple. Salt of <HI>Carduus Benedictus,</HI> half a Scruple. <HI>Lau|danum Opiatum,</HI> one or two Grains. Di&s;till'd Oyl of Cloves, two drops. Make a Powder for one Do&s;e. Or,</P>
<P>Take of Hart&s;horn not burnt, fifteen Grains. Cinnabar of Antimony, half a Scruple. Of the Golden Antidot (call'd <HI>Bezoardicum Solare</HI>) four Grains. Mix and u&s;e as above. Or,</P>
<P>Take of unburnt Hart&s;horn, Nitre Prepar'd with Antimony, of each fifteen Grains. Make a Powder as above. For a Bolus,</P>
<P>Take of Con&s;erve of Elder, or Con&s;erve of Juniper, from a Dram to two Drams. Hart&s;horn not burnt, from a Scruple to half a Dram. Diaphoretic Antimony, half a Scruple. Syrup of Rasberries, as much as &s;ufficeth to make a Bolus. Or,</P>
<P>Take of Con&s;erve of Elder, one Dram. Diaphoretic An|timony, one Scruple. Extract of <HI>Carduus Benedictus,</HI> &s;ix Grains. With a &s;ufficient quantity of the Syrup of Fumi|tory. Make a Bolus.</P>
<P>If the Patient de&s;ire Pills.</P>
<P>Take of Extract of <HI>Carduus Benedictus,</HI> half a Scruple. <HI>Laudanum Opiatum,</HI> one or two Grains. Di&s;till'd Oyl of Ani&s;eeds, or Rectify'd Oyl of Tartar, as much as &s;ufficeth to make a Ma&s;s for Pills. Or,</P>
<P>Take of Extract of <HI>Carduus Benedictus,</HI> from half a Scruple to a Scruple. Extract of Triacle, five Grains. With a &s;ufficient quantity of the Oyl of Amber, make Pills. Or thus,</P>
<P>Take of the Extract of Woods, fifteen Grains. Extract of Saffron three Grains. With &s;tinking Oyl of Tartar re|ctify'd,
<PB N="40" REF="30">Make a Ma&s;s for Pills. So much for the &s;eparat Pre&s;cription of fix'd Sudorific's. But &s;ometimes we joyn both the fix'd and Volatil together. As,</P>
<P>Take of Chalybeat Diaphoretic Antimony, one Scruple. Volatil Salt of Vipers, five Grains. And if the Patient be Re&s;tle&s;s, add a Grain or two of <HI>Laudanum Opiatum.</HI> Mix and make a Powder.</P>
<P>If a Potion be more acceptable.</P>
<P>Take of Scabious-Water, Elderflower-Water, Mead&s;weet-Water, of each an Ounce. The Cold Saxon Cordial-Water, &s;ix Drams. Spirit of Triacle Prepar'd with Cam|phyr, three Drams. Diaphoretic Antimony, a Dram and a half. Hart&s;horn not burnt one Scruple. Volatil Salt of Hart&s;horn, half a Scruple. Camphyr, three Grains. Syrup of <HI>Scordium,</HI> one Ounce; or an Ounce and a half. Mix for a Potion. Or,</P>
<P>Take of Elderflower-Water, one Ounce. Hart&s;horn not burnt, half a Dram. Volatil Salt of Hart&s;horn, five Grains. Syrup of Clove-Gilliflowers, two Drams. Mix for a draught. Or,</P>
<P>Take of Elderflower-Water, one Ounce. Triacle of <HI>An|dromachus,</HI> or <HI>Fraca&s;torius</HI>'s <HI>Dia&s;cordium,</HI> one Dram. Vola|til Salt of Vipers, &s;ix Grains. Camphyr, one Grain. Syrup of Rasberries, half an Ounce. Mix for a draught. Or,</P>
<P>Take of <HI>Carduus Benedictus</HI> Water two Ounces. Quin|te&s;&s;ence of Urine, two Drams. <HI>Fraca&s;torius</HI>'s <HI>Dia&s;cordium,</HI> one Dram. Syrup of <HI>Carduus Benedictus,</HI> half an Ounce. Mix and make a draught.</P>
<P>Thus I have run over the Cla&s;&s;es of the Medicines, that <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">e&s;tore the due Fermentation of the Blood, and Correct the <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">uices of the Body. This may &s;uffice for the <HI>Vital Faculty.</HI></P>
</DIV4>
</DIV3>
<DIV3 N="4" TYPE="section">
<PB N="41" REF="30">
<HEAD>SECT. IV. <HI>Of the Animal Faculty.</HI></HEAD>
<P>THE Animal Faculty lyes under the influence of the Animal Spirits and Nerves. The Nerves are immediately nouri&s;h'd and &s;upplyed by the Chyle; which, if it be Faulty or Acid, Communicates a noxious quality to them. Their &s;tructure con&s;i&s;ts of delicate fine fibres, &s;ome of which are di&s;tributed into &s;mall Branches, and &s;ome gather'd into a Body, as the Brain, the Membranes, Ten|dons, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> All motion depends upon the due Stretching of the&s;e fibres, and regular incur&s;ions of the Animal Spirits. The Spirits are di&s;order'd by any accident that either im|pairs their &s;tock, or irritates them beyond their wonted pace. This may be occa&s;ion'd either by an External Cold, or a Vicious Acid Reigning within. The Oyly Volatil Me|dicines are at once qualify'd to &s;ubdue this prevailing Acid, and Retrieve the Spirits. Such are the Herbs commonly call'd Cephalic, as Ro&s;emary, Mint, Sage, Marjoram, La|vender, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Likewi&s;e the Sulphurs of Metals, Spirits and Di&s;till'd Oyls, e&s;pecially &s;uch as are drawn from Amber, and the Parts of Animals. The Artificial <HI>Sal Volatile O|leo&s;um,</HI> is admirably conducive to the Nerves. But <HI>Sylvius,</HI> who fir&s;t di&s;cover'd it, was not &s;o generous as to gratify the World with the Secret. Tho' after all, 'tis no difficult mat|ter to Prepare it. The be&s;t is from Soot. 'Tis ea&s;ily drawn from Amber, thus,</P>
<P>Take of Quick Lime and Sal-armoniac, of each equal quantities, add to them a third Part of Amber. Mix them and pour upon 'em a few drops of Tartaris'd Spirit of Wine. Di&s;till thro' a Gla&s;s Retort in Sand. Separat the Spirit that comes over from the Oyl, and Rectify it again. 'Tis a Noble Medicine for the Indi&s;po&s;itions of the Nerves.</P>
<PB N="42" REF="31">
<P>Or, ye may make it with other Di&s;till'd Oyls. As,</P>
<P>Take Cinnamom or Cloves, and pour upon 'em Tarta|ris'd Spirit of Wine. Let 'em &s;tand for Dige&s;tion, and the Spirit of Wine becomes Red. Then take the Spirit thus Tinctur'd and Pour it upon equal quantities of Quick Lime and <HI>Salarmoniae.</HI> Di&s;til thro' a Retort, as above, and i<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> yields a Urinous Spirit ting'd with a Golden or Bloody <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 span"></P>
<P>The Spirit of Hart&s;horn &s;uccinated is very proper <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 span"> purpo&s;e: 'tis Prepar'd thus. Take Volatil Salt <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 span"> Volatil Salt of Amber, of each equal quantitie <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 span"> Salt of Amber be depurated by repeated <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 span"> ter, or Extractions with Spirit of Wine. Mix tho&s;e <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 word"> Salts with rectify'd Spirit of Hart&s;horn, and in order to procure a &s;tricter Union di&s;til &s;everal times.</P>
<P>If ye be oblig'd to an Extemporary Pre&s;cription, u&s;e the following.</P>
<P>Take of Mint, Fennel and Baum Waters, of each one Ounce. E&s;&s;ence of Ca&s;tor three Ounces. Succinated Spirit of Hart&s;horn two Drams. Spirit of <HI>Sal-armoniac,</HI> one Dram. <HI>Laudanum O|piatum,</HI> two or three Grains. Syrup of the rindes of Oranges, or of Cinnamom, &s;ix Drams. Mix and make a Poti|on. Do&s;e a &s;poonful at a time.</P>
<P>In exhibiting Sharp and Volatil Medicines, we ought to have a &s;pecial regard to the delicacy of the Nerves. E&s;peci|ally tho&s;e in the Mouth of the Stomach, which lye more open and expos'd to the injuries of a fierce Medicine. Therefore we &s;ee that Per&s;ons Obnoxious to Anxieties, Swooning, and &s;uch like di&s;orders of the Spirits, complain mo&s;t of their Brea&s;t or Stomac. And Women, or Children, who&s;e Nerves are more delicate and fine than tho&s;e of Men, are apt to receive more &s;en&s;ible Impre&s;&s;ions in the Stomac from an Active Medicine. Be&s;ides, If the Stomac be offended, the other Parts will &s;hare in the Injury, by rea&s;on of the &s;ympa|thy maintain'd among 'em by means of the Nerves. Some|times one and the &s;ame Nerve Vi&s;its &s;everal Parts and Cau&s;es a mutual con&s;ent, as the under Lip and the Mouth of the Stomach. Sometimes when two Nerves are Contiguous, the one influences t'other, as when a Stone in the Bladder provokes the <HI>Inte&s;tinum Rectum.</HI> Sometimes the Parts are Connected by Nervous Ligaments, and &s;o are render'd &s;en|&s;ible of one another's Circum&s;tances, as the Head and the Stomac, the Stomac and Kidneys, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<PB N="43" REF="31" MS="y">
<P>The&s;e Nerves are the &s;ource of motion. They &s;erve to Convey the Animal Spirits to all the Parts of the Body, in order to their Reciprocal Contraction and Re|laxation.</P>
<P>When the motion of any Member is irregular, it pro|ceeds from one of the&s;e three Cau&s;es.</P>
<P N="1">1. Either the Animal Spirits are &s;canty and deficient, or Lazy and Inactive. In this ca&s;e we u&s;e the Oyly Volatil Salts, and all Cordial, Cephalic and Aromatic Medi|cines. Or,</P>
<P N="2">2. The Nerves are relaxated and render'd flaccid by a prevailing lymph, whether &s;harp or acid. This yields to the &s;ame Remedies with the former.</P>
<P N="3">3. The Neighbouring fibres are over-charg'd and forc'd to Enormous motions, by the impetuous incur&s;ions of the Spi|rits. In this Ca&s;e Pacific Medicines are very proper. But they are generally &s;u&s;pected, unle&s;s very well Prepar'd. <HI>Opium</HI> is the Head of 'em all; and may be Prepar'd ei|ther by Fermentation or Dige&s;tion with fix'd Salts.</P>
<P>Helmont Prepar'd it with Juice of Quinces, repeating the Fermentation thrice, and then di&s;&s;olv'd it in Spirit of Wine. Some &s;et it to ferment with the Juice of Apples, or any other Stomachic. Langelot Mix'd it with Juice of Quinces, and &s;et them in a moderat heat to fer|ment. By this proce&s;s (&s;ays he) the &s;tinking Sulphur is carried off, and the Gro&s;s Earthy Parts fall to the bot|tom, while the light and frothy Parts are mounted higher: And betwixt the&s;e two we find a Tran&s;parent Li|quor, a little Reddi&s;h; which we &s;eparat and reduce to the Con&s;i&s;tence of an Extract; and then Circu|late it for a Month or two with Rectify'd Spirit of Wine. He extolls it for a Noble Medicine, but I never could &s;ee any extraordinary effects produc'd by it.</P>
<P>The &s;econd and better way of Correcting <HI>Opium,</HI> is Dige&s;tion with Salt of Tartar and Spirit of Turpen|tin. 'Tis a Powerful Medicine, re&s;erv'd by &s;ome for a <HI>No&s;trum.</HI> Some Prepare it thus,</P>
<P>Take of <HI>Opium,</HI> Salt of Tartar, or Oyl of Tartar, <HI>per Deliquium,</HI> of each an Ounce. Let 'em &s;tand for Dige&s;tion. Then pour upon 'em two or three Ounces of Spirit of Wine. It yields an excellent Tincture,
<PB N="44" REF="32">which is to be &s;train'd and re&s;erv'd for u&s;e.&mdash;<HI>Coner|dingius</HI> Prepar'd his Hy&s;teric <HI>Laudanum,</HI> thus,</P>
<P>Take of <HI>Laudanum Opiatum,</HI> Prepar'd by fermentation, two Drams. Extract of <HI>Zedoary</HI> one Dram. Extract of Ca&s;tor, fifteen Grains. Of the Powder call'd <HI>Diaca|laminthes,</HI> one Scruple. Saffron half a Dram. <HI>Ea&s;tern</HI> and <HI>We&s;tern</HI> Bezoar Stone, of each half a Scruple. With Di|&s;till'd Oyl of Amber, make Pills. Do&s;e &s;ix Grains, to be taken with Sugar. After this method, ye may give an Extemporary Pre&s;cription. Thus,</P>
<P>Take of Extract of Zedoary, twelve Grains. Extract of Ca&s;tor, fix Grains. <HI>Laudanum,</HI> Prepar'd by Fermenta|tion, four Grains. With a &s;ufficient quantity of Di&s;till'd Oyl of Amber. Make &s;ix Pills for three Do&s;es.</P>
</DIV3>
<DIV3 N="5" TYPE="section">
<PB N="45" REF="32">
<HEAD>SECT. V. <HI>Of the Choice of Practical Authors.</HI></HEAD>
<P>IN pur&s;uing my de&s;ign of gathering the whole Pra|ctice of Phy&s;ic unto one Body, I have propos'd <HI>Syl|vius</HI> and <HI>Willis</HI> for my Pattern: Both of 'em joyn'd to|gether are a fit Subject of imitation. Tho', if con&s;i|der'd &s;eparatly, either of 'em is lyable to Cen&s;ure. The former, 'tis true, had a happy way of referring all the Corruptions of the Humors to the vicious efferve&s;cen|cies of Acids and Alkali's. But he &s;tretch'd the Notion too far, in imagining a &s;trife betwixt the De&s;cending <HI>Lymph</HI> and a&s;cending <HI>Bile,</HI> in the right Ventricle of the Heart; and in a&s;cribing &s;everal effects to the conflicts of the Choler and Pancreatic Juice, which perhaps were only owing to the fermentation of the Choler alone. Moreover, he attributes a great many Sypmtoms to the Vapours ari&s;ing from the Combatant Juices in the fir&s;t Pa&s;&s;ages, which properly proceed from the mutual Cor|re&s;pondence of the Nerves. Upon the other hand <HI>Willis</HI> has &s;et us in a clearer light with reference to Convul|&s;ive Motions, and the Contractions of the Mu&s;cles; but his Ela&s;tic Power will never be regarded, while the Con|vul&s;ions and Cramps of the Nerves are &s;o probably ac|counted for, by a&s;&s;igning the prevalency of an Acid, or &s;ome &s;uch grating &s;ub&s;tance, for their Cau&s;e.</P>
<P>The&s;e two Authors joyn'd together are the flower of our Modern Writers, and as &s;uch I recommend 'em to young Students.</P>
<P>As for Ancient Writers, <HI>Senertus</HI> may ju&s;tly claim the precedency, or in Room of him <HI>Fore&s;tus. Helmont</HI> is an Author that ought to be read by all &s;erious Practi|tioners. Since <HI>Paracel&s;us,</HI> we have none that &s;urpa&s;&s;es him. But whoever would profit by reading his Writ|ings, mu&s;t arm him&s;elf with <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">atience, and Deliberatly weigh every Period, as he proceeds. In the next place,
<PB N="46" REF="33">he mu&s;t be equip'd with a Competent Knowledge of Chymi&s;try and Anatomy, el&s;e he does but grope in the dark. And be&s;ides, what he Reads he ought to retain as a Paradox: And not yield his a&s;&s;ent, till maturer thoughts and &s;ucceeding Experience have vouch'd for its Cer|tainty.</P>
<P>The Authors that have wrote Practical Ob&s;ervations, are <HI>Borellus, Salmuth, Tulpius, Rhodius, Bartholinus,</HI> &amp;c. They ought to be read with Judgment and Attention; Every Minute Circum&s;tance of the Patient ought to be nicely con&s;ider'd, in order to find out the true cau&s;e of the Di&s;temper, and determine the preci&s;e ca&s;e in which any particular Medicine is Crown'd with &s;ucce&s;s.</P>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 N="1" TYPE="book">
<PB REF="33">
<HEAD>AN ABRIDGEMENT OF <HI>ETM&V;LLER&V;S</HI>'s Practice of Phy&s;ic.</HEAD>
<HEAD TYPE="sub">BOOK I.</HEAD>
<DIV3 N="1" TYPE="section">
<HEAD>SECT. I. <HI>Of the Animal Appetit, and the Di&s;orders 'tis Obnoxious to.</HI></HEAD>
<P>THE mo&s;t Natural method of de&s;cribing the Di&s;ea&s;es Incident to Men, Is to follow the or|der of the Functions in the Body. Among which, tho&s;e relating to Nouri&s;hment do ju&s;t|ly lead the Van. The fir&s;t function is to re|ceive Solid Nouri&s;hment and Di&s;tribute it thro' the Body. This reception we are prompted to by Appetit. Which is a de&s;ire of Solid Food, caus'd by the gnawing of a Volatil
<PB N="48" REF="34">Acid in the Mouth of the Stomac; and encourag'd by &s;uch Medicines as promote it. This Acid is vary'd according to the different Con&s;titutions of Men, and accordingly directs the Appetit to different Objects. It is likewi&s;e influenc'd by the remains of preceding Food, and &s;o &s;ways the Appe|tit to cu&s;tomary Meats. In like manner the Mother's Im|agination will Tincture the Acid in the Child's Stomac, with an invincible Aver&s;ion to &s;ome things. The lea&s;t Ap|prehen&s;ion or Natural Sen&s;e turns it. The Infant's unea&s;i|ne&s;s from the Curdling of the Nur&s;es Milk, when &s;he is with Child in the time of &s;uckling, will revive upon the &s;ight of Chee&s;e, and oblige him to avoid it for ever. So in&s;en&s;ibly is the Acid &s;way'd, that without the direction of thought, it Naturally abhors it.</P>
<P>This Appetit, or de&s;ire of eating is liable to the&s;e di&s;or|ders. 1. It is either impair'd and extingui&s;h'd, or. 2. De|prav'd and apt to covet improper Food. Or, 3. Encreas'd to an Unnatural Degree. Of the&s;e in order,</P>
<DIV4 N="1" TYPE="chapter">
<HEAD>CHAP. I. <HI>Of the Lo&s;s of Appetit.</HI></HEAD>
<P>THE place affected is the Mouth of the Stomac. The General Cau&s;e is the Ce&s;&s;ation of the unea&s;ine&s;s which the Acid ferment was wont to produce, by Vellicating the Stomac.</P>
<P>The &s;pecial Cau&s;es are Various. If the Nerves of the eight pair be di&s;order'd, the Mouth of the Stomac becomes in&s;en&s;ible, and &s;o eludes the influence of the Acid. The&s;e Nerves may be di&s;order'd upon their own Account, or by con&s;ent of other Parts, as in Nephritic and Colic Pains. Or, perhaps the Nerves are faultle&s;s, and the Spirits are &s;tupify'd by the u&s;e of Narcotics, as <HI>Opium,</HI> or Tobacco. Or, are di|verted and imploy'd upon other things, &s;o as not to mind the impul&s;e of the ferment, as in the Ca&s;e of Love, Grief, Madne&s;s, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P>If the Nerves or Spirits be not faulty, the cau&s;e mu&s;t be Lodg'd in the Stomac. Sometimes the Acid is blunted by a
<PB N="49" REF="34">&s;uperfluity of vi&s;cid matter in the Stomac: Or, the Spittle is become vi&s;cid and takes off its edge, as in Hectic and Hy|pocondriac Per&s;ons. (This la&s;t cau&s;e is effectually-remov'd by drinking Wine, in which Elecampane Roots, Hor&s;e Rad|i&s;hes and Scurvy-Gra&s;s have been infus'd.) The ha&s;ty &s;wal|lowing down of much meat, drinking new and fermenting Liquors, Cloying the Stomac with fat Oyly things, or acid and au&s;tere Fruits; do all cau&s;e a bluntne&s;s of the ferment. The frequent u&s;e of Brandy, or &s;ulphurous Liquors, Cor|rects the &s;harpne&s;s of the acid and occa&s;ions an inappetency. The fatne&s;s and redundancy of the Bile, whether in the Blood or Stomac, may al&s;o vitiat the ferment. When this cau&s;e takes place, 'tis known by a bitter ta&s;te in the mouth, and a gnawing at the mouth of the Stomac. And La&s;tly, the &s;uppre&s;&s;ion of wonted evacuations, as &s;topping of the Terms, or &s;udden forbearing of Venery, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> May concur to the &s;ame effect.</P>
<P>Sometimes the acid it &s;elf is deficient; If a Volatil Cho|ler reign in the Blood, or the Spirits are &s;o di&s;order'd by a Feaver, or otherwi&s;e, that the alteration of the humors and particularly of the lympha is not regularly perform'd; or if the heat of Summer exhau&s;ts the Spirits that &s;hould &s;erve to exalt the ferment. Immoderat drinking, e&s;pecially of whey which enjoys a temperat nitrous Salt, allays the acidi|ty of the ferment. The frequent u&s;e of Alcali's, as Chalk, Hart&s;horn, and all Chalybeat medicines, little &s;tones engen|der'd in the Stomac, and the drinking of Urine (which is a &s;pecific in hungry feavers) are frequently the cau&s;es of a weak ferment.</P>
<P>As for <HI>Progno&s;tics.</HI> If it continue long in the beginning of a di&s;ea&s;e, it weakens nature, and adds force to the di&s;|ea&s;e. If it do not decline along with the di&s;temper, it portends a relap&s;e. In Chronical Di&s;ea&s;es and &s;uch as come by Fits, it is the forerunner of the Paroxy&s;m. In Children it is more &s;u&s;|pected than in adult Per&s;ons. If the Appetit &s;eem to An|&s;wer in general, and yet flags when Food is offer'd; Or, If after a loathing of meat, the Patient of a &s;udden covet food and &s;wallow it down greedily, 'tis a very bad <HI>Omen.</HI></P>
<P>In the method of Cure, a particular regard mu&s;t be had to the difference of cau&s;es, (which may ea&s;ily be di&s;tingui&s;h'd without a long train of Diagno&s;tics.) Generally the peccant cau&s;e is the abounding of &s;limy humors, or of Choler or Fat in the Stomac. Which is only remov'd by evacuating Medi|cines.
<PB N="50" REF="35">Of which Vomits are the be&s;t. One Vomit is of more efficacy in this ca&s;e than ten Purges. As,</P>
<P>Take of Myn&s;ichtius's Emetic Tartar three Grains, fine &s;ugar &s;ix Grains, make a Powder. Or, if a liquid be more acceptable, exhibit the Infu&s;ion of <HI>Crocus Metallorum,</HI> minding heedfully the quantity of the Liquor, and not the <HI>Crocus.</HI></P>
<P>When a vi&s;cid Matter is lodg'd in the Stomach, 'tis fit to add &s;ome attenuating Ingredients. As,</P>
<P>Take of Hy&s;&s;op-water one or two Ounces, Cinnamom-water two Drams, Vinegar of Squills, and the Emetic Syrup (above pre&s;crib'd) of each half an Ounce, compound Spirit of Verdigrea&s;e from two Scruples to a Dram. Mix, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P>If the Patient do not Vomit ea&s;ily, exhibit purging Medi|cines; among which Aloe is the be&s;t, but it ought not to be wa&s;h'd. It is a common Ingredient into Pills, and operates but very gently. If there be occa&s;ion for a &s;tronger Purga|tive, Take the Pills of <HI>Hiera</HI> with Agaric, adding to them Gum-ammoniac, or &s;ome attenuating Medicine. Thus,</P>
<P>Take of the Ma&s;s of Pills of <HI>Hiera,</HI> with Agaric, from twelve to fifteen Grains, Extract of Wormwood (or Gum-ammoniac di&s;&s;olv'd in Vinegar) eight Grains, or half a Scru|ple; <HI>Scammonium Sulphuratum,</HI> one Grain; Extract of the Tro|ches <HI>Alhandal,</HI> from half a Grain to two Grains.</P>
<P>For tho&s;e who are Obnoxious to Hypochondriac Fits, the following Pills are very u&s;eful.</P>
<P>Take of the Pills of <HI>Hiera</HI> with Agaric half a Scru|ple, or twelve Grains; Gum-ammoniac di&s;&s;olv'd in Vine|gar half a Scruple, Scammony prepar'd with Juice of Ro&s;es two Grains, Extract of Troches <HI>Alhandal</HI> one Grain, with the E&s;&s;ence of Steel make Pills. Or,</P>
<P>Take of the Pills of Ma&s;tic fifteen Grains extract of Worm|wood twelve Grains, Extract of Troches <HI>Alhandal</HI> one Grain. Make Pills.</P>
<P>This purging Powder is likewi&s;e very good for Hypocon|driac Per&s;ons, and &s;uch as are ea&s;ily purg'd, <HI>viz.</HI></P>
<P>Take of <HI>Tartarum Vitriolatum</HI> fifteen Grains, Scammony prepar'd with Sulphur four Grains, Troches <HI>Alhandal</HI> one Grain, di&s;till'd Oyl of Cummin-&s;eeds two drops. Make a Powder.</P>
<P>If a Potion be more agreeable,</P>
<P>Take of Hy&s;&s;op-water, Mint-water of each half an Ounce; <HI>Tartarum Vitriolatum,</HI> and Extract of Agaric, of each &s;ix
<PB N="51" REF="35">Grains, Scammony &s;ulphurated two Grains: Mix for a Po|tion. So much for Purging Medicines.</P>
<P>After gentle Evacuations, we proceed to the u&s;e of &s;uch Medicines as &s;trengthen the Walls of the Stomac, and re|&s;olve the &s;limy Mucilage that &s;ticks to them. To this pur|po&s;e all &s;harp, volatil, and aromatic Medicines are proper, as the Stomachical Herbs, Spices, the hot Seeds, and Anti&s;corbu|tic's, e&s;pecially Hor&s;e-Raddi&s;hes. Tho&s;e of a gentle a&s;trin|gent quality re&s;tore the Natural Con&s;titution of the Sto|mac, when vitiated by the u&s;e of Opium, &s;trong Liquors, Brandy, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> As for Acid Medicines, I cannot much approve them. I never &s;aw any good Effect produc'd by them in this ca&s;e, excepting Cream of Tartar, and the dulcify'd Spirit of Salt, or of Vitriol. 'Tis true they are fit to provoke the Stomac, and imitate Nature in prompting it to crave Food; but the Bu&s;ine&s;s of a Phy&s;ician, is rather to remove the En|cumbrances that annoy the Natural Function, than to &s;upply an Artificial Appetit. The E&s;&s;ence of Bread di&s;till'd thro' a Retort, is a &s;overeign Re&s;torer of the ferment. The&s;e Me|dicines may be pre&s;crib'd thus.</P>
<P>Take of Wormwood, Mint, of each a handful; Roots of Acorus two Drams, Gentian Roots half an Ounce, the four hot Seeds of each two Drams. Slice and chop 'em &s;mall. And tie them up in a Bag to be infus'd in Wine. Let the &s;ick Per&s;on drink a Draught twice a Day, adding to every Draught &s;ix Drops of dulcify'd Spirit of Salt. Or,</P>
<P>Take of Mint three handfuls, fre&s;h Roots of Acorus, two Ounces; Roots of Elecampane, or Hor&s;e-Radi&s;hes, from one Ounce to an Ounce and a half, Zedoary Roots &s;ix Drams, Cinnamom three Drams, put them into a Bag, to be infus'd in Wine.</P>
<P>Take of Mint three handfuls, <HI>Carduus Benedictus,</HI> one hand|ful, Wormwood Tops, and le&s;&s;er Centory, of each half a hand|ful, Elecampane, and Evans Roots, of each half an Ounce. Mu&s;tard-&s;eeds, or Rocket-Seeds, one Ounce, Cinnamom two Drams, Cloves one Dram. Infu&s;e as above.</P>
<P>If ye de&s;ire to make it a little loo&s;ening,</P>
<P>Take of Mint two handfuls, tops of Wormwood one hand|ful, Roots of Aron, Roots of Crude black Hellebor, of each half an Ounce, Roots of Elecampain, and the Leaves of pick'd Senna, of each one Ounce, Ani&s;eeds, Fennel-&s;eeds, of each &s;ix Drams, Galangal, Zedoary and Ginger, of each two Drams, Salt of Tartar three Drams. Infu&s;e as above.</P>
<PB N="52" REF="36">
<P>When the Spittle is glutinous, and the Mouth ta&s;ts bitter, the Roots of Hor&s;e-Radi&s;hes and Elecampane in equal quan|tities infus'd in Rheni&s;h, or Wormwood-wine, or Pepper in|fus'd in like manner, or Wheaten-Bread dipp'd in Wine, or even a Draught of good generous Wine, are approved Re|medies; or <HI>Thonerius</HI>'s Decoction, thus.</P>
<P>Take of Cichory-Roots, of the Herbs, <HI>Roman</HI> Worm|wood, <HI>Carduus Benedictus,</HI> and Ro&s;emary, of each a hand|ful; le&s;&s;er Centory a handful and a half: boil them in equal quantities of Wine and Water, till a third part be con&s;um'd. Do&s;e half a Pint Morning and Evening. Or <HI>Pachequus</HI> his Decoction of Agrimony, Wormwood, and le&s;&s;er Centory, in Water.</P>
<P>If ye plea&s;e ye may add &s;ome temperat Acids: As,</P>
<P>Take of Mint-water two Ounces, Cinnamom-water from two Drams to &s;ix Drams, Juice of Quinces, from one Ounce to an Ounce and a half, Syrup of Quinces, either &s;imple, or aromatis'd, from half an Ounce to &s;ix Drams. Mix and make a Potion, of which the Patient may take at plea|&s;ure.</P>
<P>Take of Mint-water one Ounce, Cinnamom-water half a Dram, Spirit of Treacle a Dram and a half, <HI>Laudanum Opi|atum</HI> prepar'd by fermentation two Grains, Syrup of Cinna|mom half an Ounce. Mix, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P>The Spirit of Ma&s;tic and Spirit of Bread, and the Mineral Acid Spirits dulcify'd with Spirit of Wine, the dulcify'd Spi|rit of Vitriol given from twenty to thirty drops in a warm Vehicle about two hours before eating, the volatil Salt of Am|ber, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> are proper to this purpo&s;e. But they ought to be well qualify'd, or joyn'd with vegetable Stomachic's, as in <HI>Elixir proprietatis,</HI> which is a noble Medicine. For Ex|ample.</P>
<P>Take of <HI>Elixir proprietatis</HI> two Drams, E&s;&s;ence of Worm|wood and Mint, or Aromatic <HI>Calamus,</HI> of each a Dram. Mix, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Or,</P>
<P>Take of the Con&s;erve of the Pulp of Citrons an Ounce and a half, Con&s;erve of Mint <HI>Vitriolated</HI> one Dram, the red Hepatic Powder two Drams, Spirit of Salt coagulated, two Scruples, with a &s;ufficient quantity of the Syrup of Quinces &s;pic'd, make an Electuary.</P>
<P><HI>Michael</HI>'s Stomachical Elixir, is not improper in this ca&s;e: As,</P>
<P>Take of Mint four handfuls, <HI>Roman</HI> Wormwood, Ro&s;e|mary, of each two handfuls, Sage, Penny-Royal, Baum,
<PB N="53" REF="36">of each one or two handfuls, Acorus-roots fre&s;h three Oun|ces, (or dried one Ounce) Burnet or Elecampane-roots two Drams, round Cypre&s;s-roots one Dram, Ma&s;tic &s;ix Drams, or an Ounce and a half or two Ounces; of the four hot Seeds of each half a Dram, Mu&s;tard &s;eed &s;ix Drams, of the Sha|vings of Sa&s;&s;afras three Drams, Zedoary, Galangal of each a Dram and a half, or two Drams, or three Drams; of Cu|bebs, Nutmegs, Mace, Cinnamom, Ginger, Cloves, of each three Drams or half an Ounce; Coriander-&s;eed one Dram; pour upon 'em Spirit of Salt, or Philo&s;ophical Spirit of Vitriol, (which is almo&s;t the &s;ame) as much as &s;ufficeth for a grate|ful &s;harpne&s;s. Extract the Tincture with Spirit of Mint. Strain it, and add as much of the compound Stomachical Extract, as it will bear. Do&s;e fifty or &s;ixty Drops. For a Scorbutic and Hypochondriac Con&s;titution, it may be mix'd with the Spirit of Scurvy-gra&s;s, taking a Dram and a half of the Spirit, to three Drams of the Elixir.</P>
<P><HI>Myn&s;ichtius</HI> his <HI>Elixir Vitrioli,</HI> and the E&s;&s;ence of Amber, are much commended. And likewi&s;e Alcali's &s;harpen'd with other Salts. As,</P>
<P>Take of the &s;harpe&s;t Tincture of Tartar, and <HI>Elixir pro|prietatis</HI> prepar'd without the Acid, of each three Drams. Mix, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P>Sal-armoniac is a good Stomachic, but it ought not to be joyn'd with fix'd Alcali's which drive away the volatil part of the Armoniac, and fix the remaining Acid. It &s;ucceeds better when joyn'd with Spices: As,</P>
<P>Take of the Flowers of Sal-armoniac, or depurated Sal-armoniack one Dram. The Powder call'd <HI>Diatrion Pipereon,</HI> or Powder of Cubebs, or any other Aromatic Powder, a Scru|ple, or half a Dram. Mix and make a Powder for three or four Do&s;es, of which the Patient may take one every Morn|ing. Or,</P>
<P>Take of depurated Sal-armoniac one Dram, Ginger, and the Powder of <HI>Diatrion Pipereon</HI> of each a Scruple, or fifteen Grains. Mix for three Do&s;es. Or,</P>
<P>Take of dried Aron roots one Dram; prepar'd Crabs-Eyes, Salt of Wormwood, of each from a Scruple to half a Dram, di&s;till'd Oyl of Cloves three Drops. Mix for three Do&s;es. Or,</P>
<P>Take of Aron-roots half a Dram, black Pepper a Dram and a half, Ginger half a Dram, Flowers of Sal-armoniac two Drams, di&s;till'd Oyl of Aromatic <HI>Calamus</HI> a Scruple. Make a Powder. Or,</P>
<PB N="54" REF="37">
<P>Take of the Con&s;erve of Wormwood-tops, Con&s;erve of Elecampane-roots of each two Drams, candy'd Ginger &s;ix Drams, Powder of <HI>Diatrion Pipereon,</HI> three Drams, Sal-armoniac one Dram, with the Syrup of Quinces make an Electuary.</P>
<P>Some u&s;e Sal-armoniac in Wormwood-wine. Tartar al&s;o and its various Productions, are very proper. And the &s;a|line Stomachical Powders, &s;uch as <HI>Michael</HI>'s, which is made thus.</P>
<P>Take of the Powder of dry'd Aron-roots two Pound, the Salt call'd <HI>Arcanum duplicatum</HI> one Pound, Salt of Worm|wood, <HI>Arabian Co&s;tus,</HI> and Aromatic <HI>Calamus</HI>-roots of each two Ounces, Cinnamom and Cloves, of each an Ounce and a half, Mace, Long Pepper, Ginger, Cubebs, Cardamoms, Grains of Paradi&s;e, Zedoary, and Coriander-&s;eeds, of each one Ounce. Mix and make a Powder. Do&s;e from a Scru|ple to half a Dram.</P>
<P>If a &s;horter Proce&s;s be more agreeable,</P>
<P>Take of the Powder of Aron-roots one Dram, <HI>Arcanum duplicatum</HI> two Scruples, di&s;till'd Oyl of Mint &s;ix Drops. Mix and make a Powder.</P>
<P>If Inappetency be caus'd by the Animal Spirits, or the Nerves, take the E&s;&s;ence of Ambergri&s;e and joyn it to other Stomachic's. Wine and all Spiritous or Aromatic Liquors, e&s;pecially the E&s;&s;ence of Baum and Penny-Royal, with a few Drops of the Di&s;till'd Oyl of Juniper-Berries, are very proper on this occa&s;ion. As al&s;o the Bal&s;am of <HI>Peru,</HI> either taken in the Yelk of an Egg, or exhibited in Sugar or Wine, or in the form of a Tincture extracted with the Tincture of Tartar. And <HI>Paracel&s;us</HI> his Stomachical Electuary, as fol|lows.</P>
<P>Take of Rob of Juniper &s;ix Drams, Powder of Ginger half a Dram, Aromatic Calamus, Mace, of each two Drams. Cubebs one Dram, with a &s;ufficient quantity of Sugar make an Electuary. Or,</P>
<P>Take of Cichory-roots candy'd, Vipergra&s;s-roots candy'd, of each one Ounce; Con&s;erve of curl'd Mint, Con&s;erve of <HI>Roman</HI> Wormwood, of each an Ounce and a half; Con&s;erve of Cichory-Flowers, Con&s;erve of Ro&s;es, Con&s;erve of Ro&s;e|mary-Flowers, and Powder of Zedoary, of each one Ounce; of Aromatic Cala<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">us, Ginger, and the &s;harpe&s;t Cinnamom, of each a Dram; of Mithridat, or Venice-Treacle two Drams. With a &s;ufficient quantity of the Syrup of Curl'd Mint, make an Electuar. Or,</P>
<PB N="55" REF="37">
<P>Take of the Con&s;erve of Curl'd Mint, Con&s;erve of <HI>Roman</HI> Wormwood, of each an Ounce and a half, Con&s;erve of Ro&s;es, or of Ro&s;emary-Flowers an Ounce, candy'd Cichory-roots half a Dram, Roots of Aromatic <HI>Calamus</HI> candy'd three Drams, Powder of Zedoary &s;ix Drams; the Magi&s;tery of Co|ral prepar'd with the Juice of Citrons, Powder of Cinnamom of each two Drams; Ginger, Cloves, and Tincture of Co|ral, of each a Dram, with a &s;ufficient quantity of the Sy|rup of curl'd Mint, make an Electuary, upon which pour &s;ome drops of the dulcify'd Spirit of Salt. Or,</P>
<P>Take of Con&s;erve of red Ro&s;es two Ounces, Con&s;erve of Mint one Ounce, Ginger candy'd in the <HI>Indies</HI> &s;ix Drams, aromatic <HI>Calamus</HI> candy'd three Drams, the Powder of <HI>Dia|trion Pipereon,</HI> with Mo&s;ch, three or four Drams, with a &s;uf|ficient quantity of the Syrup of Clove-gilliflowers make an Electuary.</P>
<P>When a redundancy of fat and bilious Humours weaken the Appetite, <HI>Elixir Proprietatis</HI> mix'd with bitter Ingredi|ents, is a proper Medicine. If Narcotics have &s;tupify'd the Stomac, we exhibit acid Remedies. If at any time the u&s;e of Acids di&s;order the Appetit, as it happens frequently in Hypochondriac ca&s;es; the ab&s;orbent Powders of Crabs-Eyes, Chalk, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> and <HI>Elixir proprietatis</HI> prepar'd without an acid, or with the Spirit of Sal-armoniac, may &s;upply their room.</P>
<P>As for external Topic's, Liniments, Catapla&s;ms, and Fo|mentations may be us'd, and made of Wine, and Elixir of Mint, Bread, and the Aromatic Powders. <HI>Crato</HI>'s Oyl and Plai&s;ter are not ami&s;s. Or,</P>
<P>Take of expre&s;s'd Oyl of Mace a Dram and a half, di|&s;till'd Oyl of Cloves a Scruple, the di&s;till'd Oyls of Worm|wood, Mint and Juniper of each half a Dram. Mix for a Liniment.</P>
<P><HI>Hartman</HI>'s Stomachical Plai&s;ter, or Plai&s;ter of <HI>Tacamahac,</HI> mix'd with Bal&s;am of <HI>Peru,</HI> is proper to be laid upon the Stomac. I have al&s;o &s;een many good Effects produc'd by the application of a Vultur's Skin to the Stomac.</P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 N="2" TYPE="chapter">
<PB N="56" REF="38">
<HEAD>CHAP. II. <HI>Of the Depravation of the Appetite.</HI></HEAD>
<P>THE Appetite is deprav'd when it avoids the proper, and craves improper Food. In the former Ca&s;e, it avoids &s;ome particular Object thro' the prevalency of prejudice, the Me|mory of a preceding Surfeit, or the confluence of vicious Humours in the Stomac. Tho&s;e who are troubled with a bitter Ta&s;te in their Mouth, either through the u&s;e of Opium, or the height of a Fever, are aver&s;e to Hopp'd Drink, by rea&s;on of the near re&s;emblance between the ta&s;te of the Beer, and that which then annoys 'em. As the exhibiting of bitter Re&s;inous Purgatives will occa&s;ion an Antipathy to Ale. Upon this account we take it for a good &s;ign in acute Di|&s;tempers, if the Patient be able to drink Ale. Meat al&s;o is formidable to feaveri&s;h Con&s;titutions, by rea&s;on that when eaten it is not dige&s;ted, and &s;o melts into a bitter mu&s;ty Crudity. The&s;e are the Cau&s;es of an acquir'd Aver&s;ion to particular Meats, or Liquors. The Cure is perform'd by the u&s;e of <HI>Elixir proprietatis,</HI> Womrwood, Mint, Quinces, Wine, and their various Productions, together with &s;ome Acid Spirits.</P>
<P>The mo&s;t remarkable In&s;tances of deprav'd Appetites are what we call <HI>Pica</HI> and <HI>Malacia.</HI> The former is a Longing for &s;uch things as are not fit to be eat, as raw Meat, Coals, Leather, Lime, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> The latter is a violent and infatiable longing for u&s;ual Food, as Herrins, and &s;uch like.</P>
<P>The Part affected, is partly the Orifice of the Stomach, where the appeti&s;ing ferment is naturally &s;eated; and partly the Fancy and Animal Spirits. For tho the Vellication of the Stomac con&s;titute a general Appetit, 'tis the Fancy that directs it to a particular Object. Be&s;ides, &s;uch things are oft times long'd for, as are not Objects of the Stomach, as the crackling noi&s;e of Cinders, the &s;mell of Leather, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> which makes it to appear, that the Animal Spirits, and the Organs of Sen&s;e, are deprav'd as well as the Stomach. That the Sen&s;e of Smelling is vitiated, is evident from the Plea|&s;ure
<PB N="57" REF="38">&s;uch Per&s;ons take in &s;melling to &s;tinking un&s;avory Ob|jects. That the Sen&s;e of Ta&s;ting is likewi&s;e corrupted, may be infer'd from the Depravation of the Spittle, occa&s;ion'd by its Affinity to the Stomachical ferment; and is &s;ufficiently exemplified by their reli&s;hing and coveting the ta&s;te of &s;uch things, as at other times they abhor. The like may be &s;aid of all the Sen&s;es.</P>
<P>The Cau&s;e is the Alteration and Depravation of the fer|ment of the Stomac. We &s;ee that the various Modification of this ferment, in &s;everal Animals, creates in 'em contrary and di&s;tinct Appetites: by vertue of this diver&s;ity of fer|ments, Men, Dogs, Cats, Gee&s;e, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> are prompted to covet their peculiar Food.</P>
<P>The ferment is deprav'd by the corruption of Matter in the Stomac, which renders it &s;alti&s;h, &s;harp, and in &s;ome mea|&s;ure corro&s;ive, and con&s;equently apt to overact its part, by vellicating the Mouth of the Stomach, in an unwonted man|ner, and prompting the fancy to pur&s;ue and entertain unu|&s;ual Objects, after the method of Melancholic Hypocondri|ac Fits, to which this Di&s;temper is near ally'd.</P>
<P>The occa&s;ional remote Cau&s;es are, the Suppre&s;&s;ion of the Terms, which occa&s;ion the Stagnation and Corruption of the Blood, and by con&s;equence of the Lymph, which wa|ters the Coats of the Stomach; Ulcers in the Throat di&s;til|ling corrupt Matter into the Stomac: The &s;uppre&s;&s;ion of the Genital Liquor, or any wonted Evacuation, and an he|reditary Conveyance from Mothers liable to this Di&s;ea&s;e; which is equally compatible to Men and Women, Maids and Mothers.</P>
<P>The things coveted and Long'd for in a <HI>Pica,</HI> are &s;uch as are agreeable to the vicious ferment, which is &s;o fierce and keen, that it dige&s;ts without any trouble, or harm, a great many noxious and offen&s;ive Objects; providing their quan|tity taken down, do not exceed the extent of the Appetit. 'Tis true indeed, that if ab&s;urd and uncommon things are frequently eat, tho' in the mean time they occa&s;ion no vi&s;i|ble di&s;turbance, yet they ama&s;s deprav'd Humours in the Body, and &s;o cau&s;e Drop&s;ies, Cachexies, and many di&s;mal Symptoms. As for Child-bearing Women, who are fre|quently obnoxious to irregular Appetites, if they cannot be di&s;&s;uaded by rational Motives, they mu&s;t be furni&s;h'd with what they Long for, for fear of bad con&s;equences happening to the Child in the Belly.</P>
<PB N="58" REF="39">
<P>The Cure is perform'd by evacuating the Stomach, and tempering the ferment. Vomits, and particularly <HI>Mercu|rius Vitae,</HI> are very proper, if occa&s;ional Circum&s;tances do not forbid 'em, &s;uch as a natural difficulty of Vomiting, the fir&s;t and la&s;t Months of a Womans being with Child, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> in which ca&s;e let Purges of Aloe, Extract of Hellebor, Co|loquintida, and &s;weet Mercury be exhibited. It will not be improper to mix both the Vomiting and Purging Medicines with the things Long'd for, that &s;o the ferment eagerly joyning them may be carried off. If the whole Ma&s;s of Humours be deprav'd, Antimonial Sudorifics are very conve|nient.</P>
<P>After Evacuation, let the vicious ferment be temper'd by moderat Acids, and palatable Stomachics, &s;uch as the Jui|ces of Quinces, of Lemons, Citrons, Pomgranats, and O|ranges; the Water of the Sprigs of Vines, mix'd with Spirit of Treacle; Capers pickl'd in Vinegar, and mix'd with Carminative Seeds; E&s;&s;ence of Orange-peel mix'd with E&s;|&s;ence of Saffron (in a &s;uppre&s;&s;ion of the Terms;) the Deco|ction of Par&s;ley-roots with Chiches, and e&s;pecially Wine in which Mint and Wormwood are infus'd.</P>
<P>Take of the Vitriolated Con&s;erve of Mint four Ounces, powder of Zedoary a Dram or two, with Syrup of Quinces, make an Electuary, of which let the Patient take a conveni|ent quantity thrice a Day.</P>
<P>Take of Mint-water, Baum-water, of each an Ounce; Cinnamon-water prepar'd with Quinces &s;ix Drams; Juice of Quinces an Ounce; with a &s;ufficient quantity of dulcify'd Spirit of Salt make a Potion. Do&s;e a Spoonful now and then.</P>
<P>Let Syrups or &s;weet things be &s;paringly us'd. Treacle and Mithridate are &s;ometimes very u&s;eful. When other things fail, we mu&s;t have recour&s;e to Steel and ab&s;orbent Powders. Bleeding is of no direct u&s;e in this Di&s;ea&s;e, tho in a &s;uppre&s;|&s;ion of the Terms, or Plethora, it may be &s;erviceable by re|moving the occa&s;ional Cau&s;e.</P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 N="3" TYPE="chapter">
<PB N="59" REF="39">
<HEAD>CHAP. III. <HI>Of an Immoderat Appetit, and Dog Hunger.</HI></HEAD>
<P>AN extraordinary Appetit returning by intervals, and at|tended by Swooning, is call'd <HI>Bulimus.</HI> If Victuals be &s;peedily &s;wallow'd down without Chewing, and frequently Vomited up, or at lea&s;t &s;o &s;peedily dige&s;ted, that the hun|gry Appetit is not di&s;continu'd, 'tis call'd a Dog-Hunger.</P>
<P>The Cau&s;e of 'em both for the mo&s;t part is a Volatil, di&s;|engag'd Acid, call'd by the Ancients Melancholy, that gnaws and provokes the Mouth of the Stomac. Accordingly we find that Acids augment, and vi&s;cous Anti-acids impair the Appetit. 'Tis true, a volatil Urinous Alcali, &s;uch as the Bile, abounding in the Stomac, may &s;ometimes increa&s;e the Appe|tit, and in that ca&s;e Acids perform the Cure. If the Nervous Membrane of the Stomach be over &s;en&s;ible, and too ea&s;ily provok'd, an extraordinary Appetit may likewi&s;e in&s;ue thereupon.</P>
<P>Worms in the Stomac, or Guts, may vellicate the Mem|brans, and &s;o create an Appetit; and if the Dige&s;tion withal be ea&s;ie and quick, it argues that there's an acid Matter in the Stomac be&s;ides Worms. 'Tis but very &s;eldom that a <HI>fames Canina</HI> is periodical, neither is it follow'd by Fatne&s;s, by rea&s;on of the rough unpliable Cra&s;is of the Blood. Long Fa&s;ting, and any immoderat Evacuation of Blood or Chyle, may be li&s;ted into the number of its External Cau|&s;es.</P>
<P>In a <HI>Bulimus</HI> the Cau&s;es are &s;omewhat meeker, attended by a dullne&s;s or want of Spirits. When it &s;ucceeds to Chro|nical Di&s;ea&s;es, or when the Swooning Fits happen while the Belly is full, 'tis dangerous. If a Dog Hunger be attended by Vomiting and Loo&s;ene&s;&s;es, it degenerates into Gache|xies, Drop&s;ies, Con&s;umptions, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<PB N="60" REF="40">
<P>The Cure con&s;i&s;ts in tempering and evacuating the Acid. The former Indication mu&s;t be fir&s;t &s;atisfied; for if we at|tempt to evacuate the Acid in its vicious State, it will grow fiercer, and more offen&s;ive. The tempering Remedies are fix'd and volatil Alcali's, ab&s;orbent Earthy Powders, and fat Oyly Medicines. The fir&s;t kill the Acidity, as appears by mixing Salt of Tartar with Spirit of Vitriol. The &s;econd &s;uck up the acid Particles, as is evident by the Experiment of Vinegar and Crabs Eyes. The la&s;t cramp and fetter the Acid.</P>
<P>Of the fir&s;t &s;ort are the Vegetable fix'd Salts, Salt and Spi|rit of Urine, Spirit of Hart&s;horn, Onyons, Garlick, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Of the &s;econd are Crabs Eyes, Coral, Pearls, Chalk, Blood-Stone, Bole-armenic, Seal'd Earth, Steel prepar'd with|out Acids, and mix'd with Opiats. Of the third &s;ort, are the expre&s;s'd Oyl of Sweet Almonds, Lin&s;eed, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> di&s;till'd Oyls of Ani&s;eed, Caraway-&s;eed, and e&s;pecially of Cloves, the Yelks of Eggs boil'd hard, or the Oyl of Eggs, hot Bread dipp'd into Oyl, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> But if the Di&s;ea&s;e be attended by Vomiting, the Oyly Ingredients ought to be avoided, or their u&s;e di&s;continu'd, when the Hunger relents.</P>
<P>Take of the Filings of Steel, and prepar'd Coral, of each half a Dram, prepar'd Crabs Eyes a Scruple, prepar'd Mo|ther of Pearl, and Bone of Carp of each a Scruple, Saffron half a Scruple, <HI>Laudanum Opianum</HI> two Grains: Mix for two or three Do&s;es to be exhibited in fat Broth.</P>
<P>Be&s;ides the abovementioned Ingredients, &s;ome recom|mend the drinking of Wine, others Cockles, River Crabs, Pork, Brains fry'd with Butter, Rice boyl'd with Milk and Butter, Fi&s;tic-Nuts, Sweet-Almonds, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Sweet Gene|rous Wines, in which Mint and Sage are infus'd, or the Spi|rits of tho&s;e Herbs, or the E&s;&s;ence of Wormwood, Penny-royal, Baum, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> mix'd with di&s;till'd Oyls, are much approv'd.</P>
<P>Narcotics &s;tupify the Mouth of the Stomach, and upon that &s;core are u&s;eful. But this Cure is only palliative. Treacle and Mithridate are the be&s;t of 'em.</P>
<P>The Acid being thus prepar'd, let Vomits be exhibited, or Purges, &s;uch as this.</P>
<P>Take of the Pills of <HI>Hiera</HI> a Scruple, choice Rhubarb in Powder half a Scruple, with Syrup of Ro&s;es: Make <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ills Or,</P>
<PB N="61" REF="40">
<P>Take of the Extract of Aloe prepar'd with tartaris'd Wa|ter, prepar'd red Coral, of each half a Dram, Gum-ammo|niac di&s;&s;olv'd in Vinegar a Scruple, Extract of Steel two Scruples, Extract of Troches <HI>Alhandal,</HI> half a Scruple, with E&s;&s;ence of Myrrh make thirty Pills. Do&s;e ten or fif|teen.</P>
<P>A <HI>Bulimus</HI> is cur'd by generous <HI>Spani&s;h</HI> Wine, or Frontig|nac, or a Medicinal Wine, with Cinnamon, Nutmegs, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> infus'd in it. Bread dipp'd into it and applied to the No|&s;trils, or eaten, is much approv'd. Treacle di&s;&s;olv'd in Wine is likewi&s;e very proper.</P>
</DIV4>
</DIV3>
<DIV3 N="3" TYPE="section">
<PB N="62" REF="41">
<HEAD>SECT. III. <HI>Of the Di&s;orders of Thir&s;t.</HI></HEAD>
<P>THIRST proceeds from the Vellication of the Gullet, Throat, Palat, Tongue, and adjacent parts, occa|&s;ion'd by &s;harp &s;aline Particles. The Liquor it de|mands is naturally de&s;ign'd for a Vehicle to the &s;o|lid Food and Excrements. 'Tis di&s;order'd by way of In|crea&s;e, Diminution, or Depravation.</P>
<P>The two la&s;t are very uncommon. 'Tis true there are &s;ome few In&s;tances of a want of Thir&s;t, among Children and Splenetic Per&s;ons; and wherever 'tis found, it mu&s;t pro|ceed from a redundacy of moi&s;ture about the Stomac and Throat, or the &s;tupidity of tho&s;e parts. Either of which Cau&s;es is remov'd by the u&s;e of <HI>Elixir proprietatis,</HI> Tincture of Tartar, Tartar vitriolated, <HI>Arcanum Duplicatum,</HI> Sal-armo|niac mix'd with Spices, Salt of <HI>Carduus Benedictus, &amp;c.</HI> If it be caus'd by the inadvertency of the mind, and delirous Di|&s;po&s;ition of the Spirits, as in Feavers, 'tis a bad &s;ign, but yields to the general Cure of the Di&s;ea&s;e.</P>
<P>As for the Depravation of Thir&s;t, or a particular aver&s;ion to &s;ome Liquors, and violent inclination to others, 'tis ei|ther a Symptom of a Feaver, or accompanies a Pica or Ma|lacia, and requires the &s;ame Cure as its Companions.</P>
<DIV4 N="1" TYPE="chapter">
<HEAD>CHAP. I. <HI>Of Immoderat Thir&s;t.</HI></HEAD>
<P>IT remains now to take a View of Immoderat Thir&s;t, the only di&s;order of that Nature that requires con&s;idera|tion in this place. The part affected is the Throat, Gullet,
<PB N="63" REF="41">and Mouth of the Stomach. The cau&s;e is either po&s;itive, or privative. The po&s;itive cau&s;e is a &s;harp Salt vellicating the&s;e parts, which, if it be lock'd up in a vi&s;cous Vehicle, is not &s;o ea&s;ily diluted as otherwi&s;e. This Salt is of an Alcalin na|ture, contrary to that which cau&s;es immoderat Hunger. The privative cau&s;e is the Defect of <HI>Saliva,</HI> who&s;e Office 'tis to water tho&s;e parts, and dilute the Salts.</P>
<P>The remote external Cau&s;es are Purging Medicines, Pep|per, Salt, Spices, Ar&s;enic, &s;ublimat Mercury, talking loud, &s;leeping with the Mouth open, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> The internal remote Cau&s;es are the prevalency of a bitter Oyl in the Choler, de|praving the Lymph; an Oyly &s;harpne&s;s in the Saliva occa|&s;ion'd by Catarrhs, extrava&s;ation of Serum, or Scorbutic glutinous Lymph; the Deficiency, Glutino&s;ity, and Salti&s;h &s;harpne&s;s of the Saliva, as in Feavers, Phthi&s;icks, Hectics, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> To which we may add the di&s;order, diver&s;ion, or pau|city of the Spirits, which hinder the due &s;ecretion of the Spittle, as in the In&s;tances of Weakne&s;s, Fatigue, Anger, Pain, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> The heat of the Blood in the Lungs, and dejecti|on of the Appetit in the Stomac, have likewi&s;e a great hand in cau&s;ing Thir&s;t. Sometimes Thir&s;t is attended by a Feaveri&s;h heat; at other times it is quite free of it, as in Scorbutic, Hydropic, and Catarrhous ca&s;es.</P>
<P>In general a &s;udden Thir&s;t without any vi&s;ible cau&s;e, prog|no&s;ticates &s;ome Di&s;ea&s;e or other. If the Tongue be dry, the Mouth be&s;et with a tough Phlegm, and the Body oppre&s;s'd with heat, and yet the Per&s;on be in&s;en&s;ible of Thir&s;t, 'tis an Argument of a Delirium, or great di&s;order among the Animal Spirits, or of the &s;tupidity of the Tongue, and ad|jacent parts, and is ju&s;tly look'd upon as a malignant Sym|tom. If in drinking the Liquor makes a noi&s;e as it falls in|to the Stomac, it is an Argument of the Di&s;order of the Stomac. In Feavers it di&s;appears together with them. But in Chronical Di&s;tempers, 'tis not &s;o ea&s;ily &s;haken off.</P>
<P>As for the method of Cure, the irritating Cau&s;e mu&s;t be fir&s;t remov'd by Medicines vary'd according to its Nature. Such are partly au&s;tere Acids, partly temperat Medicine<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> which correct the &s;harp, or urinous, or oyly, or &s;aline Par|ticles. The Acids are Wood-&s;orrel, Prunes, Citrons, Quin|ces, Oranges, Pomgranates, Rasberries, Barberries, Co|rants, Cherries, and all their Juices; and e&s;pecially Tama|rinds, which not only abate the Thir&s;t, but open the Body. The Juice of Hou&s;eleek, Vinegar, Strawberry-water; Tin|ctures of Ro&s;es, of Viclets, and of Da&s;ies; Cream of Tar|tar;
<PB N="64" REF="42">Spirits of Vitriol, of Sulphur, of Salt, or the Spirit di|&s;till'd from equal Quantities of Sulphur, Antimony and Vitriol, drop'd into the ordinary Drink. The temperate Re|medies are Milk, Whey clarify'd with Citrons, Emul&s;ions of Seeds, Rai&s;ins, Liquorice, <HI>&amp;e.</HI></P>
<P>The &s;econd Indication of Cure is to augment the quanti|ty of Serum and Spittle by exhibiting Liquids alter'd with Wine or Cinnamom, or mix'd with acid Spirits. Simple cold Water, tho' commonly us'd, is very noxious. Be&s;ides, 'tis not convenient to throw in too large quantities of Liquors for fear of loading the Stomac, therefore Gargles and Mu|cilages applied to the Tongue and Throat will not be impro|per. As for the Forms of <HI>Recipe's</HI> the&s;e following will &s;uf|fice.</P>
<P>Take of the Decoction of the Leaves and Roots of Wood-&s;orrel one Pound, fre&s;h Juice of Wood-&s;orrel three Ounces, Syrup of Bay-berries and Pomgranats, of each &s;ix Drams. Mix them.</P>
<P>Take of the Decoction of Barly one Pound, Juices of Ci|trons and of Quinces, of each two Ounces; Tinctures of the Flowers of Da&s;ies and Ro&s;es of each two Drams, Syrup of the Juice of Citrons, an Ounce and a half; Spirit of Salt as much as &s;ufficeth. Make a Julep.</P>
<P>Take of the Flowers of Da&s;ies &s;ix Drams, &s;prinkle 'em with Spirit of Sulphur, and infu&s;e 'em in two Pound of Barly-water, till it extract a Tincture: &s;train the Liquor, and add three Ounces of the Syrup of Rasberries.</P>
<P>Take of Tamarinds two Ounces, bruis'd &s;mall Rai&s;ins, an Ounce and a half, boil them in Water, and infu&s;e in the &s;train'd Liquor while 'tis yet hot an Ounce of fre&s;h Citron-peel. When 'tis cold &s;train it out, and add half an Ounce of the Tincture of Ro&s;es. Make a Julep.</P>
<P>Take of Barly-water, a Pound and a half, Cinnamom-water an Ounce, purify'd Nitre, or <HI>Nitrum Antimoniatum,</HI> from a Dram to a Dram and a half. Mix them for a Po|tion. This and all Nitrous Potions are proper for &s;uch as do not agree with Acids.</P>
<P>In Scorbutic, Phthy&s;ical and Hydropic Ca&s;es the Saltne&s;s of the Lymph and Spittle is admirably corrected by Whey mix'd with Juice of Citrons, or with the Juices of Scurvy|gra&s;s and Wood-&s;orrel. Spirits of Salt and of Nitre are like|wi&s;e very proper. Emul&s;ions prepar'd from the cooling and milky Seeds, and the Decoction of China with Rai&s;ins and
<PB N="65" REF="42">Liquorice are likewi&s;e conducive to the &s;ame purpo&s;e. Acids in this ca&s;e are improper. But Liquorice and Fennel-Seeds boil'd are much approv'd. As,</P>
<P>Take of Barly a handful, &s;mall Rai&s;ins bruis'd an ounce and a half, Anni&s;eeds, Fennel &s;eeds, of each a Dram and a half, Liquorice-roots &s;ix Drams: Boyl them in fair Water till the fourth part be con&s;um'd, adding towards the end a Dram and a half of Cinnamon. Strain out the Liquor, of which the Patient may drink at plea&s;ure.</P>
<P>Gargles of Water; Small-beer or Water impregnated with Nitre, or the Juice of Hou&s;eleek; or Mucilages of Quince-&s;eeds, Fleawort-&s;eeds, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> extracted with Ro&s;e-water, or Phlegm of Vitriol, and mix'd with the Juice of Hou&s;eleek; applied to the Tongue and held in the Mouth, are very u&s;eful; e&s;pecially when the Tongue is black, dry, and rough.</P>
<P>Some healthy Per&s;ons are mole&s;ted with Thir&s;t every Morning, for whom Wormwood-wine is very proper. Others are thir&s;ty thro' Labour, Fatigue, and Exerci&s;e, for whom the Spirit of Wine is very convenient.</P>
</DIV4>
</DIV3>
<DIV3 N="3" TYPE="section">
<PB N="66" REF="43">
<HEAD>SECT. III. <HI>Of the Di&s;ea&s;es relating to the Chewing Faculty.</HI></HEAD>
<P>HAVING di&s;patch'd the Di&s;orders of the Appetit, which is the fir&s;t Spring of Nouri&s;hment; I am now arriv'd at the manner of receiving Food: It is fir&s;t receiv'd by the Mouth, Chew'd and impreg|nated with Spittle; which being of a fermentative Nature not unlike that of the ferment in the Stomach, predi&s;po&s;es and prepares it for Dige&s;tion. Now if the Power of Chewing be deficient, or di&s;order'd, 'tis neither impregnated with Spittle, nor cut &s;mall &s;o as to be fit for Dige&s;tion. The Di&s;|orders of this Nature are &s;uch as re&s;pect either the Mu&s;cles imploy'd in that Motion, the Jaw-bones, or the Teeth. Of the&s;e in order.</P>
<DIV4 N="1" TYPE="chapter">
<HEAD>CHAP. I. <HI>Of the Contor&s;ion of the Mu&s;cles of the Mouth, or a Dog Cramp.</HI></HEAD>
<P>THE Temporal Mu&s;cles, and tho&s;e common to the Cheeks and Lips, are the In&s;truments which move the under Jaw-bone, in order to joyn it with the upper in the Act of Chewing, If they are &s;eiz'd with Convul&s;ions or Cramps, the under Jaw-bone is in&s;eparably united to the upper; if they be Paralytic, it falls down by its own weight, and they are not able to fetch it up. But the&s;e Cramps and Pal&s;ies
<PB N="67" REF="43">never happen but when the whole Body is equally affected, and then they yield to the general Cure.</P>
<P>If one part or &s;ide of the&s;e Mu&s;cles be &s;eiz'd with Con|vul&s;ions, or Pal&s;y, while the other is &s;ound, the Mouth &s;tands awry inclining to one &s;ide. In which po&s;ture one of the Eyes cannot be duly &s;hut, neither can the Per&s;on pronounce the Letter <HI>O</HI> with a full Mouth, or Spit but at one &s;ide of the Mouth. If it be a Pal&s;y, the part affected is loo&s;e, &s;oft, and follows the Motion of the &s;ound Mu&s;cles, and the un|der Eyelid falls down; whereas if it be a Cramp, or Convul|&s;ion, the part is hard, painful, and draws the &s;ound Mu&s;cles to it.</P>
<P>As for the Cau&s;es of Convul&s;ions and Pal&s;ies they are ac|counted for el&s;ewhere. This Contor&s;ion is a fatal Symptom in acute continual Feavers, or after an univer&s;al Apoplexy or Epilep&s;y.</P>
<P>The Cure is accompli&s;h'd by Purgative Medicines, vola|til and aromatic Sudorifics, decoctions of Woods, Ca&s;tor gi|ven inwardly, or its E&s;&s;ence apylied outwardly, or its Ex|tract roll'd in the Mouth. Or,</P>
<P>Take of Nutmegs two Drams; Roots of Pellitory of <HI>Spain,</HI> and of Angelica, Seeds of Staves-acre, Mu&s;tard-&s;eeds, of each a Dram; Cumin-&s;eeds and Cubebs, of each half a Dram; Pepper half a Scruple; Ma&s;tic, a Dram and a half; with Wax make Tablets to be roll'd in the Mouth. The Mouth may be wa&s;h'd with Spirit of Wine, in which Ca&s;tor is di&s;&s;olv'd, or the Decoction of Pellitory-roots with Rocket-&s;eeds. Platerus was wont to cure the Convul&s;ive di&s;tortion of the Mouth by Opiats mix'd with Aromatics; as Mithri|dat, Syrup of Poppies, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> If the Ca&s;e be Paralytic, Bli|&s;tering Plai&s;ters may be applied to the Ear, or Nap of the Neck.</P>
<P>As for the Di&s;orders of the Jaw bones. If they are di&s;|joynted by external Violence, Yauning or Gaping, they are ea&s;ily &s;et right by a Cuff under the Chin. If they are in|cumbred by Tumors or Inflammations in the Throat, if their motion be cramp'd by the &s;welling of the Glandules behind the Ears, or the &s;ettlement of a tartarine thick Humour upon the conjunction with the Bones of the Temples, the regular motion is retriev'd by the re&s;pective Cure of tho&s;e Cau&s;es. If the Antagoni&s;t Mu&s;cles, that bring up and pull down the under Jaw-bone be reciprocally contracted, thro' Cold, Worms, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> there in&s;ues a gna&s;hing of the Teeth: Which in Feavers and adult Per&s;ons, is an unlucky Symp|tom;
<PB N="68" REF="44">and is cur'd by the external Application of Bal&s;am of <HI>Peru,</HI> and the removal of its Cau&s;es.</P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 N="2" TYPE="chapter">
<HEAD>CHAP. II. <HI>Of the Lo&s;s, Corruption, Blackne&s;s, Loo&s;e|ne&s;s, Numne&s;s, and Chilne&s;s of the Teeth.</HI></HEAD>
<P>THE Teeth are nouri&s;h'd not only by the Arteries and Veins in&s;erted into their Roots; but likewi&s;e by the Gums. When they are uncapable thro' Age, or otherwi&s;e, to receive Nouri&s;hment they fall out, or are ground away by continual u&s;e.</P>
<P>The Cau&s;es which promote this their decay, are the abu&s;e of Stupifying, or Narotic, over cold, or over hot Medi|cines, or of Vi&s;cous and Corruptible things, which &s;tick to the &s;ides of the Teeth, and corrupt their Nouri&s;hment, &s;uch as Sugar, Sweet-meats, Figs, Chee&s;e, Milk, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> The Scurvy, Salivation, handling of Mercury, external Violence, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> The Cure con&s;i&s;ts in removing the Cau&s;es. If Mercury be the cau&s;e, Leaves of Gold or Solar Preparations are very proper.</P>
<P>Sometimes the Teeth are corrupted thro' the acidity of their own direct Nouri&s;hment, or of that receiv'd &s;ideways from the Gums. External Injuries are apt to produce the &s;ame Effect. At fir&s;t there appears a black Spot in the Tooth, then it becomes a Hole, and the Tooth grows hollow; the corrupted Matter lodg'd within corodes the Tooth, cau&s;es pain, and &s;ometimes reaches the Gums and Jaw-bone, crea|ting Ulcers, which degenerate into Fi&s;tula's. Sometimes the corrupted Matter degenerates into Worms. Sometimes the Teeth &s;tink and infect the Breath, by rea&s;on of cor|rupted Meat &s;ticking in their Chinks, or in the hollow Tooth.</P>
<P>If the Corruption be confirm'd, it cannot be Cur'd with|out drawing the Tooth. The Juice of Sun-&s;purge mix'd with Sal-armoniac and Flour, and put into the Hollow-Tooth,
<PB N="69" REF="44">will render the Operation ea&s;y; the Juice of Ce|landin the greater, or a bruis'd Gra&s;hopper, are proper for the &s;ame purpo&s;e. Or,</P>
<P>Take of Gum-ammoniac, Henbane-&s;eeds, Juice of Hen|bane, of each a Dram and a half; with the fat of Green Frogs and Wax make an Ointment, to be applied to the Tooth before 'tis drawn.</P>
<P>If the Corruption be not too far advanc'd, a &s;top may be put to its further progre&s;s by applying an actual Cautery; and afterwardsfilling the Tooth with Gold-leaf beat up with Myrrh and Wax; or with Turpentine; or with the Decocti|on of Ginger in Oxymel; or with Coral and Camphyr. Or,</P>
<P>Take of prepar'd red Coral, bone of a Cuttle, and burnt Hart&s;horn, of each two Scruples; choice Myrrh, half a Dram; Camphyr, five or &s;ix Grains, with the mucilage of Traga|canth make Pills, to be put into the Hollow-Tooth. Some choo&s;e potential Cautery's in&s;tead of actual ones, as <HI>Aqua-Fortis,</HI> or the Spirit of Salt.</P>
<P>If the Teeth &s;tink let 'em be wa&s;h'd with Water, in which Sal-armoniac is di&s;&s;olv'd. If they are infe&s;ted with Worms, wa&s;h 'em with the Decoction of Savin in Wine, or apply the Spirit of Sulphur with Cotton, or let the fumes of burnt Henbane-&s;eed be receiv'd at the Mouth.</P>
<P>Sometimes if the Gums be flaccid, loo&s;e, or otherwi&s;e di&s;order'd, the lateral Nouri&s;hment they afford to the Teeth, is viciated, and &s;ticks like an Excrement upon their &s;urface, and either grows hard like a friable Stone, or blackens and di&s;orders the Teeth. Hence we &s;ee that whatever affects the Gums, as the Scurvy, Mercurial Salivation, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> is fol|low'd by a blackne&s;s, and &s;ordid colour of the Teeth.</P>
<P>If this Symptom be recent and not confirm'd, let the Teeth and Gums be rub'd with the following Powder.</P>
<P>Take of burnt Hart&s;horn, three Ounces; Coral, a Dram and a half; Roots of Florentine Orris, two Scruples; burnt Allum and Salt of Tartar, of each a Scruple, make a Pow|der to be &s;prinkled with Spirit of Scurvy-gra&s;s, adding &s;ome drops of the di&s;till'd Oyl of Cloves.</P>
<P>If the Excrement be &s;tiff and confirm'd, let Spirit of Salt mix'd with Honey be applied to the Gums and Teeth. Or, Take a Polypody-root, and &s;oak it for the &s;pace of four and twenty Hours in Wine &s;harpen'd with Spirit of Sulphur. Then dry it for a Powder for the Teeth. Let the Teeth and Gums be wa&s;h'd every Morning with Human Urine, and af|ter eating with Plantan and Hou&s;eleek-water, in which Sal-armoniac
<PB N="70" REF="45">and Salt of Tartar are di&s;&s;olv'd. The Powders of hard &s;tones, &s;uch as Flint, Pumice-&s;tone, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> are not &s;o convenient, unle&s;s it be in a very inveterat ca&s;e; becau&s;e they con&s;ume the Gums.</P>
<P>As touching the loo&s;ene&s;s of the Teeth, 'tis occa&s;ion'd ei|ther by their own intrin&s;ic fault, of which above, or the relaxation of the Fibres of the Gums, which frequently proceeds from the &s;harpne&s;s of the Saliva, or Serum, as ap|pears by the aptne&s;s of the Scurvy, Tooth-ach, and Mercu|rial Salivation, to cau&s;e it. Opiats al&s;o, us'd for the Tooth|ach, &s;ometimes cau&s;e a loo&s;ene&s;s of the Teeth by relaxating the Fibres of the Gums.</P>
<P>If it be inveterat it may run to that height, that the Gums are exulcerated, corrupted and di&s;pos'd to a Gangrene. Sometimes if the Texture of the Gums is very &s;olid, and re|laxating Cau&s;es a&s;&s;ault it, it &s;hoots up a loo&s;e flaccid &s;ordid &s;ort of Fle&s;h that 'twines about and covers the Tooth.</P>
<P>The Cure con&s;i&s;ts in corroborating the flaccid Gums by A&s;tringents, clean&s;ing the Ulcers (if any there be) and pre|&s;erving them from further Corruption. Tincture of Lac, with Myrrh, is a noted Medicine for this Effect. Spirit of Salt with Honey of Ro&s;es, is al&s;o a powerful clean&s;er.</P>
<P>Take of the Flowers of Holyhocks, half an Ounce; pre|par'd burnt Hart&s;horn, two Drams; burnt Allum, Nut|megs, of each a Dram. Make a Powder to rub the Gums with, after clean&s;ing the Teeth, and wa&s;hing the Mouth with the following Gargle.</P>
<P>Take of Sage-leaves, two handfuls; Flowers of Holy|hocks, one handful; Polypody-roots half an Ounce. Boyl them in fair Water. To a Pound of the &s;train'd Decoction, add Honey of Ro&s;es, two Ounces and a half; Antimonial Nitre, three Drams; burnt Allum and &s;eal'd Earth, of each a Dram. Mix, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P>Take of the Leaves of Sage and Scurvy-gra&s;s, of each three handfuls; boyl them in Milk. To a Pound of the &s;train'd Liquor add fre&s;h Juice of Scurvygra&s;s two Ounces; Syrup of Columbines four Ounces. Mix for an Anti&s;corbu|tic Gargle.</P>
<P>Take of crude Allum a Dram and a half; Flowers of Co|lumbines and Sage-leaves, of each two Drams; Roots of Florentin-Orris, three Drams; choice Myrrh, two Scruples. Sprinkle 'em liberally with Spirit of Scurvygra&s;s, adding a few Drops of the di&s;till'd Oyl of Cloves. Make a Liniment for the Teeth.</P>
<PB N="71" REF="45">
<P>For a Scorbutic Excre&s;cence of the Gums, Spirit of Scur|vygra&s;s mix'd with burnt Allum, is very proper; or the De|coction of &s;mall Hou&s;eleek with Allum and Hony; or a mixture of the Scum of Quicklime Water with Lac, Vi|triol and Ro&s;e-water; are much approv'd.</P>
<P>If the Excre&s;cence be over luxuriant, we mu&s;t have re|cour&s;e to the Decoction of Verdigri&s;e and Allum mix'd with Vinegar, or the Ointment <HI>Aegyptiacum</HI> mix'd with Hony of Ro&s;es; or the following Powder.</P>
<P>Take of burnt Allum and Sal-armoniac, of each a Scruple; Ma&s;tic and Frankincen&s;e, of each half a Dram. Make a Pow|der to be rub'd upon the Teeth, after wa&s;hing the Mouth with the Decoction of Sage, Tormentil and red Ro&s;es.</P>
<P>The Numne&s;s of the Teeth proceeds from the Acidity of the Lymph, and is cur'd by chewing fre&s;h Pur&s;lain, or Chee&s;e; or applying the White of an Egg boyl'd hard; but e&s;pecially by warm Urine.</P>
<P>The chilne&s;s of the Teeth, or their aptitude to &s;hrink and ache at the approach of any cold thing, is cur<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">d by apply|ing Treacle, or Spirit of Wine, or chewing hot Bread, or the Yelk of an Egg ro&s;ted.</P>
</DIV4>
</DIV3>
<DIV3 N="4" TYPE="section">
<PB N="72" REF="46">
<HEAD>SECT. IV. <HI>Of the Di&s;ea&s;es that hinder Swallowing.</HI></HEAD>
<P>THE Food receiv'd and prepar'd in the Mouth, mu&s;t be forwarded by the Tongue to the upper part of the Pharynx, and thence convey'd downwards to the Stomach, by the &s;ucce&s;&s;ive contraction of the Mu&s;cles of the Gullet. This we call Swallowing. The Di&s;orders 'tis obnoxious to, are &s;uch as tend either to impair or de|prave it.</P>
<P>Tho&s;e of the former &s;ort are occa&s;ion'd by the Pal&s;y of the Sphincter and M<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">&s;<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">les of the Throat; The Convul&s;ion, or Contraction of the Gullet, cau&s;ed by Hypocondriac, Hy&s;te|ric, and Epileptic Fits, Worms, want of Spittle or Moi&s;ture, violent Exerci&s;e, a&s;tringent Liquors, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Or the narrowne&s;s of its Pa&s;&s;age, caus'd by Tumors, Ob&s;tructions, and Inflamma|tions either of it &s;elf, or the adjacent parts: Or the Inflam|mation, Excoriation, Ex<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">lceration and Tumor of the up|per Orifice of the Stomach; or its quea&s;yne&s;s and aver&s;ion to Food; or Wind irritating its Mu&s;cles to contract them|&s;elves and deny admi&s;&s;ion to the Food.</P>
<P>The Depravation of the Swallowing Faculty di&s;covers it &s;elf three ways. 1. When Liquors can be taken down, but no &s;olid thing. 2. When &s;olid things are ea&s;ily receiv'd, but &s;uch as are liquid are thrown up by the Mouth and No&s;trils; by rea&s;on that the <HI>Epiglottis</HI> does not duly cover the opening of the Wind-pipe. 3. When &s;ome things both &s;olid and li|quid are ea&s;ily taken down, and &s;ome are not. Of which more under the Head of a Quea&s;y Stomac.</P>
<P>In acute Di&s;ea&s;es or Wounds, the Convul&s;ion of the Gul|let is fatal; as al&s;o its relaxation for want of Spirits. If any external thing taken down &s;tick in the Gullet, it occa&s;i|ons Impo&s;thumes, Ulcers, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> and together with the cor|rupted Matter works it &s;elf out either upwards or down|wards,
<PB N="73" REF="46">or cuts out a new Pa&s;&s;age through the neighbouring parts. Or if it reach the Stomach, may either be voided by Stool without any harm, or cau&s;e Ob&s;tructions in the Pylo|rus, Loo&s;ene&s;s in the Guts, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> according to its Nature and Bulk.</P>
<P>The Cure vary's according to the quality of the Cau&s;es. If the Head of the Gullet is Paralytic, let the Decoction of Sage and Rocket-&s;eeds in Wine, or the Infu&s;ion of Thyme and Lavender-flowers in <HI>Aqua-Vitae</HI> with Ca&s;tor, or the E&s;|&s;ence of Ca&s;tor mix'd with Spirit of Venice-Treacle and <HI>A|qua Anhaltina,</HI> be held in the Mouth. Let the Juice of Sage with Nutmegs and Ca&s;tor, or Turpentine di&s;&s;olv'd with the Yelk of an Egg in the Water of Primro&s;es, or &s;ome drops of the di&s;till<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">d Oyls of Amber, Sage, Anni&s;eeds, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> be gra|dually taken down. Let the Neck and neighbouring parts be anointed with Spirit of Earth-worms, and di&s;till'd Oyl of Cloves, Amber, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P>If the Mu&s;cles of the Gullet be &s;eiz'd with Convul&s;ions, let Cephalic and Opiat Medicines be us'd both internally and ex|ternally. If want of moi&s;ture and extreme dryne&s;s cau&s;e their contraction, Let the mucilage of Quinces extracted with the Water of Frogs-Spawn be held in the Mouth, and in&s;en&s;ibly &s;wallow'd.</P>
<P>Hy&s;teric and Hypocondriac Contractions of the Pharynx, are cur'd by Chalybeat and ab&s;orbent Remedies. Pins, Bones, pieces of Gla&s;s and &s;uch like pointed things &s;wallow'd down and &s;ticking in the Gullet, ought to be brought back if po&s;|&s;ible by Sneezing, Coughing, or taking down liquid Vomits, and drinking in the mean while Oyly &s;oft Liquors; or by the help of In&s;truments made for the purpo&s;e.</P>
</DIV3>
<DIV3 N="5" TYPE="section">
<PB N="74" REF="47">
<HEAD>SECT. V. <HI>Of the Hindrances of Chylification.</HI></HEAD>
<P>THE Food convey'd by the Mouth and Gullet into the Stomac, is there di&s;&s;olv'd, partly by the heat of the Stomac and adjacent Bowels, and partly by the &s;alin and &s;pirituous Juice in the Stomac; which likewi&s;e encounters the alcalin Salts of the Food, when di&s;&s;olv'd, and by means of a fermentation works it into a volatil tem|perat milky &s;ub&s;tance, which we call Chyle.</P>
<P>That this ferment in the Stomac is an acid &s;alin &s;ub&s;tance, is &s;ufficiently made out by the acid Belchings that attend even tho&s;e who are well; by the evident vertue which Acids have of promoting, and fat oyly Anti-acids of impairing the Appetit. The original of this ferment is the Lymph depo|&s;ited by the Glandules of the Stomach into its Cavity, where it meets the remains of Food, impregnated with Spittle, and render'd acid by delay; and combines with 'em in the form of an acid ferment.</P>
<DIV4 N="1" TYPE="chapter">
<HEAD>CHAP. I. <HI>Of Di&s;ea&s;es Incumbring, or Extingui&s;hing Chylification.</HI></HEAD>
<P>IF the Food be not &s;ufficiently elaborat in the Stomac, and in due time converted into Chyle; it remains unfit for nouri&s;hing the Body, as being nothing but a heap of crude Matter. Sometimes it melts into a fix'd Vi&s;cous acid, that falling &s;hort of its due thinne&s;s and volatility, is the &s;ource of all Chronical Di&s;tempers; which by the Ancients were
<PB N="75" REF="47">imputed to the unequal Di&s;po&s;ition of the Bowels, or the cold Con&s;titution of the Stomac complicated with the heat of the Liver. This we call the acid Crudity of the Stomac. At other times it degenerates into a <HI>Cruditas Nidoro&s;a,</HI> a putrid Matter &s;melling like &s;omething burnt or roa&s;ted.</P>
<P>The cau&s;es of the&s;e Di&s;orders are the deficiency, confu&s;ion, or flatne&s;s of the Spirits, thro' Weakne&s;s, Pa&s;&s;ions, Pains, and want of Exerci&s;e; the corruption or fixation of the acid ferment occa&s;ion'd by vicious Acids, &s;weet things, and &s;uch as tend to an acid Crudity; or its dullne&s;s and inactivity, occa&s;ion'd by the oyly Salt of the Choler abounding in the the Stomac, eating of fat Food, as Eggs fry'd with a large quantity of Butter, and &s;uch like, which produce a <HI>Crudi|tas Nidoro&s;a;</HI> the fixation and vi&s;cidity of the Reliques of preceding Dige&s;tions in the Pleats of the Stomac, following the prepo&s;terous admini&s;tration of fix'd ab&s;orbent Powders in Feavers; eating of di&s;agreeable and unwonted Food, which renver&s;es the Seminal Cra&s;is of the ferment, and re|quires a new proportion of dige&s;tive Salts; (whereas the Food that the Appetit calls for, and is by cu&s;tom well ac|quainted with, meets with a more wellcome reception from the ferment, that is in &s;ome mea&s;ure ally'd to it by vertue of the remains of food of the &s;ame Nature lodg'd in the Sto|mac; the Relaxation, Exulceration, Excoriation and Ob|&s;truction of the Stomac; Its Sympathy with the Kidneys in Nephritic Pains, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> The&s;e Cau&s;es relate to the Stomac, and its ferment.</P>
<P>The Cau&s;es relating to the Object or Food receiv'd; are gormandizing, or over-charging the Stomac and ferment; variety of contrary Meats which are not equally dige&s;ted, one part remaining crude, while the other is already trans|form'd; departing from the u&s;ual Mea&s;ures and Sea&s;ons of Eating, or anticipating Meals before the former be dige&s;ted; cro&s;&s;ing the Natural Appetit by pre&s;&s;ing &s;uch things as are loath'd, and denying that it long'd for; ab&s;taining from Bread, or u&s;ing &s;uch as is not &s;ufficiently fermented and im|pregnated with that volatil Acid that &s;o notably promotes Dige&s;tion; hard, vi&s;cous, and oyly Food, or &s;uch as is not ea&s;ily di&s;&s;olv'd or mix'd with watery Vehicles; exce&s;&s;ive Drinking, which over dilutes the ferment, relaxes the Fi|bres of the Stomac, and cau&s;es the Food to float un&s;teddily; Eating of &s;olid Foot without a &s;ufficient quantity of moi|&s;ture for its Vehicle; neglect of Chewing, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<PB N="76" REF="48">
<P>The particular Cau&s;es of an acid Crudity are the redun|dancy of acid Humours in the Body, the frequent u&s;e of Acids, whether open or occult, or of Spices and &s;uch like &s;harp things, as are apt to exalt an Acid.</P>
<P>Tho&s;e of a mu&s;ty Crudity are the recoyling of the Bile and Alcalin Humors; the deficiency of Acids, as in acute Fea|vers; the undue &s;tay of Food in the Stomac; or the contra|ction of the Pylorus &s;topping its pa&s;&s;age; u&s;ing fat oyly fix'd or Chalybeat Ingredients; &s;oon peri&s;hing Fruits; in a word whatever is apt to corrupt, or contract a Nidor.</P>
<P>The Symptoms of an impair'd Chalification are; a heavy pain about the Stomac, and di&s;tention of the Brea&s;t, after eating; frequent Belchings whether in&s;ipid, putrid, &s;ulphu|reous, or re&s;embling the very ta&s;te of the Food, tho' five or &s;ix Hours after eating. Sometimes, e&s;pecially in Hypochon|driac Per&s;ons, the Face is inflam'd, and re&s;piration is difficult while they lie on their Backs. In a Morning their Mouth is be&s;et with a vi&s;cous Phlegm. The Urine is &s;ometimes thin and watry, at other times thick and muddy. Sometimes a Vertigo happens attended by all the Symptoms of the Hy|pochondriac Illne&s;s, which takes its ri&s;e from the Sto|mac.</P>
<P>The Signs of an acid Crudity, are Heart-burning, acid Belchings; much Wind; the Con&s;tipation of the Belly, and the thickne&s;s and vi&s;cidity of whatever is vomited up, whe|ther Naturally or by Art. Tho&s;e of a mu&s;ty Crudity are the&s;e. In the Morning they perceive an uncouth a&s;hy Ta&s;te, like that of rotten Wood; afterwards a gnawing in the Sto|mac, and loathing of Meat, with a Bitterne&s;s in the Mouth; their Belchings re&s;emble the ta&s;te of rotten Fi&s;h, or fry'd Eggs; the Belly is open and loo&s;e, and what they vomit is either in&s;ipid or bitteri&s;h.</P>
<P>As for Progno&s;tics. An acid Crudity is the fore-runner and cau&s;e of Intermitting Feavers, Hypocondriac Illne&s;s, Scurvy, Cachexies, Colic Pa&s;&s;ions, Arthritic and Nephritie Pains, Melancholy and fore'd Eruptions in the Skin. In a word 'tis the &s;ource of all the Chronical D&s;tempers, which by the Ancients were refer'd to the Ob&s;tructions of the Bowels, Me|&s;entery, Liver, <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">pleen, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P>Chylification is the Work of Nature, not to be compa&s;s'd by Art. Wherefore the Cure con&s;i&s;ts only in removing the offen&s;ive Crudity, clean&s;ing the Stomach, and gently whet|ting the Appetite.</P>
<PB N="77" REF="48">
<P>In the fir&s;t place Antimonial Vomits mix'd with attenua|ting Ingredients are requir'd. Then Stomachical Purges of Hiera with Agaric, Aloe and Ma&s;tic. Or,</P>
<P>Take of the Pills call'd <HI>Aleophanginae,</HI> a Scruple; Tartar vitriolated, &s;ix Grains; Scammony &s;ulphurated, two Grains; Extract of Troches Alhandal (a Noble Medicine for cutting pituitous Humours) a Grain and a half, with the Tincture of Tartar make Pills.</P>
<P>Take of <HI>Quercetanus</HI>'s Pills of Ammoniac a Scruple; Ex|tract of Steel, half a Scruple; Extract of Troches Alhan|dal, two Grains; di&s;till'd Oyl of Mace, two Grains: With <HI>Elixir Proprietatis,</HI> or E&s;&s;ence of Sa&s;&s;afras, or E&s;&s;ence of Mint, or Spirit of Ma&s;tic, make Pills. Or a Purging Me|dicine may be made of Salts, Thus,</P>
<P>Take of Tartar vitriolated, Cream of Tartar, of each half a Scruple, Scammony &s;ulphurated four Grains; Tro|ches Alhandal, two Grains; Di&s;till'd Oyl of Anni&s;eeds, two Drops, make a Powder. If a Liquid Form be de|&s;ir'd,</P>
<P>Take of Wormwood, or Hy&s;&s;op-water, Mint-water, of each half an Ounce; Tartar vitriolated, Extract of Agaric, of each half a Scruple, Extract of Troches Alhandal, one Grain; Scammony &s;ulphurated, two Grains; &s;olutive Syrup of Ro&s;es, half an Ounce. Mix for a Potion.</P>
<P>Of Alterative Medicines Galangal and Ginger are much the be&s;t. Next are the Carminative Seeds, Anni&s;eeds, Cara|way-&s;eeds, Cumin-&s;eeds, the four le&s;&s;er hot Seeds; Acorus-roots pre&s;erv'd; Nutmeg, not by it &s;elf, but in conjunction with Stomachic Simples; among which Mint and Worm|wood lead the Van. Next to them are Myrrh, Zedoary, Ro&s;emary, Sa&s;&s;afras, Quinces, dulcify'd Spirit of Salt (an in|comparable Remedy) Spirit of Ma&s;tic mix'd with that of Mint. <HI>Elixir Proprietatis</HI> is an excellent Stomachic, but for acid Crudities, it ought to be prepar'd without an Acid, and mix'd with Spirit of Sal-armoniac. For mu&s;ty Crudities let it be prepar'd with an Acid, and mix'd with Spirit of Scurvygra&s;s. <HI>Myn&s;ichtius</HI> his Elixir of Vitriol; <HI>Michael</HI> s Stomachical Elixir mix'd with the A&s;thmatic Spirit, or with the Spirits of Ma&s;tic and Scurvygra&s;s; E&s;&s;ence of Baum mix'd with the Philo&s;ophical Spirit of Vitriol; as likewi&s;e tho&s;e of Penny-royal, Mint, Ro&s;emary, Sa&s;&s;afras and Myrrh, are all very proper. Wormwood-Wine is likewi&s;e u&s;eful. Or,</P>
<PB N="78" REF="49">
<P>Take of curl'd Mind, wild Calamint and Wormwood, of each a handful; Elecampane-roots, Acorus-Roots, of each an Ounce; Galangal, three Drams; Cinnamom, three Drams; Mace, one Dram, ('tis very oyly, and therefore a &s;mall Quantity will &s;uffice) Anni&s;eeds three or &s;ix Drams. Cut, brui&s;e, and tie them in a Bag; to be infus'd in Rheni&s;h Wine in a warm place for twelve Hours. Let the Patient take a Draught of the Infu&s;ion before Eating, adding to every Draught fifteen drops of dulcify'd Spirit of Salt.</P>
<P>The Rob of Juniper-Berries with Ginger, Mace and Su|gar, may be us'd by way of Electuary.</P>
<P>Sal-armoniac given in Wormwood-wine; <HI>Arcanum Du|plicatum,</HI> or e&s;&s;ential Salt of Tartar mix'd with Aromatic Powders; the Infu&s;ion of Aron and Elecampane roots in Wine; Chocolat and Thea, are all of excellent u&s;e.</P>
<P>As for mu&s;ty Crudities, Vomits, and gentle Purges of Rhubarb and Tamarinds are proper. Then precipitating Earthy Powders follow'd by Acid Juleps. As,</P>
<P>Take of <HI>Arcanum Duplicatum,</HI> two Scruples; prepar'd Cuttle-bone, a Scruple; Powder of Nutmegs, &s;ix Grains. Mix for two or three Do&s;es.</P>
<P>Take of Mint-water, an Ounce and a half; Cinnamom-Water, two Drams; Juice of Quinces, &s;ix Drams; Syrup of the Juice of Quinces half a Dram. Mix for a Potion. Dulcify'd Spirit of Salt, Spirit of Ma&s;tic, <HI>Elixir Proprietatis,</HI> Ivory, Coral, Cream of Tartar, Quinces, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> are all pro|per Ingredients.</P>
<P>Acid Crudities are remov'd by ab&s;orbent Powders, and volatil Aromatics, &s;uch as Scurvygra&s;s, le&s;&s;er Centory, Wormwood, Rhubarb, and e&s;pecially Ginger; volatil Spirits of Mint, Sage, Scurvygra&s;s, that of Sal-armoniac mix'd with Vegetable Spirits, Spirit of Tartar, Hart&s;horn, <HI>&amp;c. Elixir Pro|prietatis</HI> prepar'd without an Acid, together with the fixed Salts of Wormwood, <HI>Carduus Benedictus, &amp;c.</HI> the dige|&s;tive Hypocondriac Salt, Hart&s;horn, Ivory, Crabs-Eyes, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Above all River-Crabs together with the Shells, are much ap|prov'd. All Acids mu&s;t be avoided, and after the Acid is vanqui&s;h'd, Purgatives admini&s;tred.</P>
<P>Be&s;ides internal Medicines, external Applications are pro|per for promoting Chylification. As,</P>
<P>Take of the Oyl of Mint prepar'd by Infu&s;ion and boyling, two Drams; expre&s;s'd Oyl of Nutmegs, a Dram; di&s;till'd Oyls of Mint, of Mace and of Cloves, of each half a Scru|ple.
<PB N="79" REF="49">Mix and anoint the Region of the Stomach. Bal&s;am of <HI>Peru</HI> is very proper for the &s;ame purpo&s;e.</P>
<P>Take of Tacamahac, three parts; Gum-Caran, one part; &s;often 'em with Bal&s;am of <HI>Peru,</HI> or di&s;till'd Oyl of Mint, and make a Plai&s;ter to be applied to the Stomac.</P>
<P>A Spunge dip'd in Wine impregnated with the Vehicle of Stomachic Simples, and applied hot to the Stomac, is al&s;o much approv'd.</P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 N="2" TYPE="chapter">
<HEAD>CHAP. II. <HI>Of Wind in the Stomach and Guts.</HI></HEAD>
<P>WHEN the Work of Chylification is di&s;turb'd, Wind oft times mole&s;ts and di&s;tends the Stomach; which if it break upwards with a noi&s;e is call'd <HI>Belching;</HI> if it be di&s;|charg'd both upwards and downwards, 'tis call'd a dry <HI>Cholera.</HI></P>
<P>Wind is &s;omewhat different from Vapors and Exhalati|ons, either of which is re&s;olv'd by heat, and thicken'd by cold; whereas it undergoes no &s;uch alteration. Nay, 'tis neither heat nor cold that is directly concern'd in giving it a Being; 'tis only the vicious fermentation of a Preternatural Acid within a thick vi&s;cous Body. Thus we &s;ee that Spirit of Nitre pour'd upon a Metallin &s;oluble Body, boyls up in|to Wind and Noi&s;e. The like will happen in the di&s;tillation of Tartar; or the effu&s;ion of Vinegar or Juice of Citrons upon Corals, or Crabs-Eyes. In like manner Bread or new Wine, if fermented, will ri&s;e up with a windy noi&s;e; but if fermentation be neglected, no other proce&s;s of boyling, ma|cerating, di&s;tilling, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> is able to produce that effect. And once more; if Apples be expos'd to the Sun, &s;o as to un|dergo a fermentation by vertue of the heat, their Skin will chop and break to give way to the Wind, and no other ma|nagement what&s;oever can compa&s;s that end.</P>
<P>Thus 'tis made to appear that Wind is not pre-exi&s;tent in the Liquors or Humors them&s;elves; but newly created by vertue of the impri&s;onment of acid and urinous Salts with|in a vi&s;cous Body, which they endeavour to attenuate and break through, when di&s;&s;olv'd and put into motion by the
<PB N="80" REF="50">addition of a ferment. Now that the Vehicle is vi&s;cid, is &s;ufficiently made out by the tenacious gro&s;s Humors that are voided upwards by Vomiting.</P>
<P>The Part affected is the Cavity of the Stomach, and its upper Orifice. The immediate Cau&s;e is already explain'd. To which we may add a violent compre&s;&s;ion which obliges the Wind, in pur&s;uit of a larger &s;pace to move in, to break forth and for&s;ake its narrow Habitation; ju&s;t as Air conden&s;a|ted di&s;plays its Ela&s;tic force, and &s;eeks to enlarge its Bounds, driving before it the contiguous interfering Bodies with a notable noi&s;e.</P>
<P>The remote Cau&s;es are the eating of vi&s;cous Food, and retention of acid Crudities. Flatulent Meats may be very apt to encourage a Windy noi&s;e, but without the fermenta|tation of an inclo&s;ed Acid they cannot of them&s;elves produce it. Therefore 'tis, that the &s;ame Meats will occa&s;ion &s;uch di&s;turbances in acid Con&s;titutions, that are dige&s;ted by other Per&s;ons without any di&s;order.</P>
<P>Some flatulent Di&s;tentions are natural, produc'd by the oyly Bile and acid <HI>Mucus</HI> of the Stomac and Guts, when their Cavities are Empty, and projected by Nature to keep their walls from joyning, and continue the openne&s;s of their Pores. As to the Differences of Belchings, &s;ome are Acid, as in Hypocondriac ca&s;es, and after long fa&s;ting; &s;ome mu|&s;ty, of which above; &s;ome an&s;werable to the natural quali|ty of Food receiv'd, as tho&s;e caus'd by eating Onyons, Ra|di&s;hes, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> &s;ome quite in&s;ipid; and la&s;tly, tho very rarely, &s;ome are attended by a prodigious &s;tink. Now the cau&s;e of flatulent &s;tinks mu&s;t be fetch'd from the Chymical Experi|ment of di&s;&s;olving fat Sulphureous Sub&s;tances with Alcali's, and precipitating with Acids. As Antimony calcin'd with Nitre and Tartar in the Preparation of <HI>Crocus Metallorum,</HI> then di&s;&s;olv'd in Water, and precipitated with Vinegar yields a mo&s;t noy&s;om Smell; &s;o the oyly Salts of the Bile fir&s;t re|&s;olv'd and then precipitated by Acids, are indow'd with the like Quality.</P>
<P>The Signs are the&s;e. If the Wind cannot force its pa&s;&s;age the Brea&s;t or Belly is di&s;tended and perplex'd; if touch'd, it rebounds as it were; the re&s;piration is very difficult, e&s;pe|cially when the Per&s;ons lie on their Backs; they are mole|&s;ted with violent Pains, and to&s;&s;ing from &s;ide to &s;ide, they perceive a &s;ort of flatulent noi&s;e within; Ju&s;t before the Wind breaks forth, they complain of a va&s;t Perplexity in their Brea&s;ts, but when it gains its Pa&s;&s;age, are benefited by it.
<PB N="81" REF="50">Sometimes the&s;e flatulent Di&s;tentions reach the Neck and Back, and occa&s;ion a Swelling about the Mouth of the Sto|mac, which prevents the breaking of Wind downwards, and reaps no advantage by tho&s;e which pa&s;s upwards. And Eating augments this Di&s;tention.</P>
<P>As for Progno&s;tics. They are u&s;ually the Symptoms of a Hypocondriac Illne&s;s; and if they happen upon the recovery of a Di&s;ea&s;e portend its relap&s;e. If they continue long they threaten Drop&s;ies. If they &s;tink horridly, they are very malignant and contagious.</P>
<P>The Cure is perform'd by attenuating and di&s;charging the vi&s;cid Matter, di&s;cu&s;&s;ing the Wind, and moderating its force. In the fir&s;t place let Antimonial Emerics be exhibi|ted; and next to them, the Stomachical Purgatives pre|&s;crib'd in the la&s;t Chapter. After the fir&s;t Pa&s;&s;ages are clear'd the oyly volatil &s;alin Simples are equally proper for temper|ing the Acid and attenuating the vi&s;cous Humour. As for Example.</P>
<P>Take of Fennel and Mint-water, of each an Ounce and a half; Carminative-water prepar'd with Wine, an Ounce; Spirit of Anis, E&s;&s;ence of Orange-peel, of each three Drams; di&s;till'd Oyl of Mace, five drops; Syrup of Orange-peel, &s;ix Drams. Make a Potion to be taken by Spoonfuls.</P>
<P>Chamomil, with the four hot Seeds both larger and le&s;&s;er boyl'd in Wine, or their di&s;till'd Oyls, or their Spirits mix'd with that of Sal-armoniac, Ca&s;tor, or its E&s;&s;ence prepar'd with Spirit of Sal-armoniac, Myrrh, Treacle, Orange-peel, Amber-gri&s;e, Cinnamom, and all Oyly Volat-Salts, are proper for the &s;ame purpo&s;e. As for Example.</P>
<P>Take of Coriander-&s;eeds, half an Ounce; Anni&s;eeds, Fennel-&s;eeds, of each two Drams; Zedoary, Ginger, Galan|gal, and Sal-armoniac; of each a Dram; <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">owder of <HI>Dia|trion Pipereon,</HI> a Dram and half; aromatic Oyl of Sugar, two Drams. Make a Coar&s;e Powder.</P>
<P>Bal&s;am of Sulphur is of very good u&s;e, as likewi&s;e the aromatic compound Waters of the above mention'd Sim|ples; but above all the Carminative Spirit <HI>de Tribus,</HI> that is, the Spirit di&s;till'd from Tartar and Nitre; mix'd with Spirit of Wine tartaris'd, and rectify'd.</P>
<P>Take of Mint-water, two Ounces; <HI>Roman</HI> Chamomil water, an Ounce; Zedoary-water, half an Ounce; Car|minative Spirit <HI>de Tribus,</HI> a Dram and a half; E&s;&s;ence of Opium, a Scruple; Syrup of Orange-peel, an Ounce. Mix for a Draught.</P>
<PB N="82" REF="51">
<P>Take of <HI>Elixir proprietatis</HI> prepar'd without Acids, three Drams; E&s;&s;ence of Ca&s;tor, two Drams; E&s;&s;ence of Opium, a Dram. Mix. Do&s;e forty drops.</P>
<P>If Wind be accompanied with Flu&s;hings in the Face, and a notable heat, there is nothing comparable to the Spirit of Nitre dulcify'd with Spirit of Wine, and impregnated with the vertue of Carminative-Simples, after <HI>Sylvius</HI>'s Method. <HI>Syl|vius</HI>'s extemporary mixture is very &s;erviceable in this ca&s;e; <HI>viz.</HI></P>
<P>Take of Fennel and Mint-water, of each two Ounces; rectify'd Spirit of Wine, or <HI>Matthiolus</HI>'s <HI>Aqua Vitae,</HI> or <HI>Syl|vius</HI>'s Carminative Spirit, an Ounce; Spirit of Nitre, twen|ty drops; di&s;till'd Oyl of Mace, &s;ix drops; <HI>Laudanum Opi|atum</HI> three Grains; Syrup of Mint, an Ounce and a half. Mix. Do&s;e two Spoonfuls.</P>
<P>As for inveterat acid Belchings five or &s;ix Pepper-corns ta|ken every Morning fa&s;ting are very u&s;eful; as likewi&s;e ab|&s;orbent Earthy Powders mix'd with Aromatics; E&s;&s;ence or Juice of Wormwood taken at Meals, and the Powder of Coral, Cuttle-bone, and O&s;tiocolla, mix'd with Spirit of Wine impregnated with Juniper. If the Wind proceed from a thick &s;tubborn Mucilage, exhibit the A&s;thmatical Syrup mix'd with a double quantity of <HI>Michael</HI>'s Elixir for the Stomac.</P>
<P>Externally let the place affected be fomented with the Oyls of Chamomil, and of the Carminative-&s;eeds; or with a mixture of Anis-water, Spirit of Wine camphoris'd, and Treacle; or cover'd with a Plai&s;ter of Tacamahac, Bal&s;am of <HI>Peru,</HI> and Treacle.</P>
<P>'Tis al&s;o proper to inject Cly&s;ters of Man's Urin, in which the Carminative Ingredients have been boyl'd.</P>
</DIV4>
</DIV3>
<DIV3 N="6" TYPE="section">
<PB N="83" REF="51">
<HEAD>SECT. VI. <HI>Of the Di&s;ea&s;es that hinder the Re|tention of Food in the Stomac.</HI></HEAD>
<DIV4 N="1" TYPE="chapter">
<HEAD>CHAP. I. <HI>Of Vomiting and Loathing of Meat.</HI></HEAD>
<P>HAVING thus accompany'd the Food from its fir&s;t en|try into the Mouth, till its arrival in the Stomac, we are now to view the Cau&s;es that di&s;turb its Repo&s;e.</P>
<P>That Sen&s;e which with re&s;pect to external parts is call'd <HI>Pain,</HI> is Chri&s;ten'd <HI>Irritation</HI> among the Internal Mem|branes; as the upper Orifice of the Stomach is &s;aid to be irritated when any Object grates upon, or di&s;plea&s;es it. Now the natural re&s;ult of Irritation is, that Crowds of Spi|rits are &s;ummon'd in by the angry part, and upon their ar|rival it contracts it &s;elf. Thus the Mouth of the Stomac being extremely &s;en&s;ible, contracts it &s;elf upon the lea&s;t Ir|ritation, the natural con&s;equence of which is a loathing of Meat, or denying admi&s;&s;ion to it when &s;wallow'd; or, if it happen to force its pa&s;&s;age, the impri&s;on'd Wind belches out at the new open'd Gate. But if this contraction be conti|nu'd to the <HI>Pylorus,</HI> or lower Orifice of the Stomac, its Fi|bres being &s;tronger than tho&s;e of the upper, throw up the Contents, with force &s;ufficient to ma&s;ter the Pa&s;&s;age, and hence in&s;ues a direct Vomiting. So that Loathing and Vo|miting differ in this point, That the one is a contraction of the upper, the other of the lower Orifice of the Sto|mac.</P>
<PB N="84" REF="52">
<P>Vomiting is &s;aid to be E&s;&s;ential, when the Irritating cau&s;e is lodg'd within the Stomach. Such Cau&s;es are, a Wound, Inflammation, Ulcer, Gangren, or Schirrus of the Stomac or Pylorus; &s;harp Scorbutic Salts convey'd thither in com|pany with the Spittle, or depo&s;ited by the Arteries; the vi|cious efferve&s;cency or recoyling of the Gall and Pancreatic Juice; clotted Blood, corrupt Matter, or any Humor di&s;|lodg'd of its proper Habitation, and hurry'd into the Sto|mac; the A&s;&s;umption of &s;harp Irritating Medicines, Vo|mits, Purges, Poy&s;on, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> or of fat things (which relaxat the Fibres of the upper Orifice, and &s;truggle with the acid ferment;) Crudities, Worms, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P>If the Cau&s;e be &s;eated el&s;ewhere, the Vomiting is caus'd by con&s;ent, by rea&s;on either of the Stomac's being one con|tinu'd piece with the affected part; or of their mutual com|merce maintain'd by the Nerves. Thus the Di&s;orders of the Bowels, Guts, Midriff, Head, Kidneys, Womb, Liver and Spleen, are frequently the cau&s;es of Vomiting. A Schirrus or corruption of the Sweetbread, &s;tagnation of the Seminal Juice in Widows and &s;tale Maids, and in a word whatever di&s;turbs or inflames the Animal Spirits, will pro|duce the &s;ame effect.</P>
<P>Vomiting is u&s;her'd in by Anxiety and Trouble in the Brea&s;t, Swiming of the Head, trembling of the Under-Lip, plentiful evacuations of Spittle, and Convul&s;ive Motions of the Stomac. An E&s;&s;ential Vomiting ought to be carefully di&s;tingui&s;h'd from that which is Sympathical. If, when the Stomac is empty'd by Vomiting, there remains &s;till a propen|&s;ity to Vomit; if the Stomac continue heavy and blown up, and nau&s;eat Food; if acid or mu&s;ty Belchings in&s;ue, we take it for an e&s;&s;ential Vomiting. If it be incorrigible and ob&s;ti|nat, u&s;her'd in at fir&s;t by a pain in the Brea&s;t, and after a Day or two a Loathing; in a word, if no fault can be fa|&s;ten'd on the contain'd Humours, it proceeds from a Callo|&s;ity, Schirrus, or &s;uch like default in the Stomac. If it come in a &s;urprizing manner without the precedent Si<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ns of Trou|ble in the Brea&s;t, Loathing, weak Stomac, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> 'Tis a &s;hrewd Argument that it proceeds by con&s;ent from the di&s;order of &s;ome other part, that is not yet come to light.</P>
<P>If it be caus'd by a vi&s;cid Humor, 'tis hard to cure it. If the Chyle and Food be frequently thrown up, with a feaver|i&s;h heat, 'tis an ill circum&s;tance. Long and continual Vo|miting in Malignant Feavers, e&s;pecially if the Matter be li|vid, blacki&s;h, or fetid, is very dangerous. In benign Fea|vers,
<PB N="85" REF="52">vomiting in the beginning, or height, is good. If it follow Wounds or Brui&s;es of the Head, 'tis frequently mor|tal. The Periodical Vomitings of Hypochondriac, Scorbu|tic, and Splenetic Per&s;ons, are of a good Character. If the Matter vomited, be a mixture of Choler and Pituita, 'tis a Friendly Symptom, but either of them apart is more noxi|ous. The vomiting of Worms, Excrements of the Belly, Cly&s;ters, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> is much &s;u&s;pected.</P>
<P>Before we launch into the method of Cure, 'twill not be improper to take Notice of the following Cautions: 1. That Critical Vomits, or tho&s;e which happen in the beginning of Benign Di&s;ea&s;es, or tho&s;e of Women with Child in their fir&s;t Months, ought not to be &s;topp'd, unle&s;s they exceed mea|&s;ure. 2. That in Scorbutic Ca&s;es, ab&s;orbent mitigating In|gredients are more proper than hot, &s;harp Aromatics. 3. That a Vomiting of Blood ought to be curb'd betimes, for fear of exhau&s;ting the Spirits. 4. In ca&s;e of Worms, it ought to be incourag'd, and the Body kept &s;oluble. 5. That in all Vomitings 'tis convenient to keep the belly open by gentle Purges and Cly&s;ters: But withal, the quantity of the Liquor for Cly&s;ters mu&s;t be &s;mall, le&s;t the Colon being di&s;tended, it &s;hould pre&s;s, or irritate the incumbent bottom of the Stomac. 6. By all means let Sleep be promo|ted. 7. All Vomitings occa&s;ion'd by a&s;&s;umption of Poy|&s;on, ought to be encourag'd and continu'd till the Poy&s;on be rooted out: For which end fat and tempering Liquors are very Proper; for that all Vegetable and Mineral Poy|&s;ons are endu'd with an exce&s;&s;ive Acrimony. As touching Animal Poy&s;ons, indeed the ca&s;e is alter'd. 8. That Inap|petency, Loathing, and &s;uch like Infirmities of the Stomac, ought to be obviated betimes by Vomits, le&s;t delay remove the opportunity.</P>
<P>The General Indications of Cure are the&s;e. The Remote Cau&s;es mu&s;t be remov'd; the exqui&s;ite &s;en&s;e of the Stomac and fiercene&s;s of the Spirits abated by Opiats; the Stomac gratify'd with agreeable Aromatics, and fortify'd by A&s;trin|gents.</P>
<P>The fir&s;t Indication mu&s;t be &s;atisfied according to the va|riety of the Cau&s;es. Gentle Vomits and Purges are conve|nient, if vicious Humors in the Stomach, or Poy&s;on, are blam'd as the Cau&s;e.</P>
<P>For the &s;econd Indication <HI>Laudanum Opiatum</HI> is an incom|parable and univer&s;al Remedy. Mithridat, <HI>Venice</HI> Treacle, and e&s;pecially <HI>Dia&s;cordium,</HI> are entitled to the &s;ame Chara|cter. As for Example,</P>
<PB N="86" REF="53">
<P>Take of Treacle half a Dram, <HI>Laudanum Opiatum</HI> a Grain, di&s;till'd Oyl of Mace two Drops, with Juice of Quinces make a <HI>Bolus.</HI></P>
<P>The third Indication is an&s;wer'd by &s;weet-&s;cented, Aro|matic, Stomachic Remedies. Such as are Quinces, Mint, Wormwood, Baum, Zedoary, Orange Peel, Ma&s;tic, Cam|phir, Cloves, Nutmegs, and e&s;pecially Cinamom; their Waters, Spirits, E&s;&s;ences, Extracts and di&s;till'd Oyls. The A&s;tringent Ingredients are <HI>Quercetanus</HI>'s Syrup of Coral, Sy|rup of dry Ro&s;es, Juice of Pomgranats, Vinegar with Ze|doary infus'd, <HI>Elixir</HI> of Vitriol, and e&s;pecially the Spirit of Vitriol of Steel, and [Juice of Quinces. Seal'd Earth beat into a Pulti&s;e, with Spirit of Vitriol, or of Nitre, har|dens into a Stone; which if powder'd and put into a moi&s;t place, melts into a Styptic Liquor, of admirable u&s;e for all A&s;tringent Indications.</P>
<P>Take of Mint-Water two or three Ounces, Cinnamom-Water &s;ix Drams, Juice of Quinces an Ounce, rectify'd Spirit of Vitriol five or &s;ix Drops, Di&s;till'd Oyl of Cinna|mom three Drops, mix. Take a &s;poonful now and then, adding &s;ometimes one, two or three Grains of <HI>Laudanum O|piatum:</HI> or if the Per&s;on be very weak, a Scruple of the E&s;&s;ence of Ambergri&s;e; or in a ca&s;e of Extremity, four or five Grains of Allum.</P>
<P><HI>Venice</HI> Treacle mixt with Vinegar, or form'd into a <HI>Bolus,</HI> with Spirit of Vitriol, is much approv'd. In malignant Feavers Salt of Wormwood, with Juice of Limons; when the Stomach is &s;tuff'd with thick Humors, Spirit of Salt, or of Nitre with Treacle; and when the Stomach is inflam'd, or corroded, the Muci<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">age of Fleawort and Quince-&s;eeds, with &s;olutive Syrup of Ro&s;es, are very convenient.</P>
<P>Externally, Let Aromatic and Corroborating Ingredients be boyl'd in Vinegar, and the warm Decoction applied with a Spunge to the Stomach; or let toa&s;ted bread, &s;oak'd in Vinegar, and cover'd with Aromatic Pouders, be applied to the Region of the Stomach. Spirit of Wine Campho|ris'd, is very effectual in Fomentations. A Bag may be quilted with Mint, Nutmegs, Cloves, Mace and Cinna|mom, &s;prinkl'd with Triacl'd Spirit of Wine, and Di&s;till'd Oyl of Mint, and applied. Some commend the applicati|on of a bag of Saffron.</P>
<P>Liniments are compos'd of <HI>Venice</HI> Treacle, Bal&s;am of <HI>Pe|ru,</HI> or Oyls of Ma&s;tic, Wormwood, Quinces, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Or,</P>
<PB N="87" REF="53">
<P>Take of Expre&s;s'd Oyl of Nutmegs two Drams, Di|&s;till'd Oyls of Mint, Cloves and Mace of each half a Scru|ple, Di&s;till'd Oyl of Cinnamom five Drops, make a Lini|ment, and anoint the Stomach and Brea&s;t. Plai&s;ters may be made of Tacamahac and Gum Caran, with Aromatic Oyls, after the Example of <HI>Crato</HI>'s. Catapla&s;ms are like|wi&s;e proper, as,</P>
<P>Take of the &s;harpe&s;t Ye&s;t four Ounces, Pouder of Mint an Ounce, of Zedoary &s;ix Drams, Nutmegs three in num|ber, Mace, Cloves and Cinnamom of each two Drams, A|ni&s;eeds, Cumin&s;eeds and Fennel&s;eeds of each three Drams. With a little vinegar of Ro&s;es make a Catapla&s;m to be ap|plied to the Stomach.</P>
<P>When the Irritating Cau&s;e is transfer'd from other parts to the Stomach, Purging, Bleeding, and &s;uch like Diver&s;ions are very proper. As Women with Child are &s;ometimes cur'd of vomiting by Blood-letting. When we are oblig'd to &s;top an Artificial vomiting, 'tis convenient to exhibit Milk boyl|ed with Bread, or Bread &s;oak'd in Generous Wine; Inject Cly&s;ters of Milk with Treacle; admini&s;ter Opiats, and apply outwardly as above.</P>
<P>If the A&s;&s;umption of an har&s;h Purge di&s;po&s;e one to vo|mit, there's nothing better than to chew fre&s;h Citron Peel, or &s;mell to toa&s;ted Bread dipp'd in vinegar, and cover it with Pouder of Cloves.</P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 N="2" TYPE="chapter">
<HEAD>CHAP. II. <HI>Of a Vomiting of Blood.</HI></HEAD>
<P>THis Symptom may be caus'd by the &s;uppre&s;&s;ion of the Piles or Terms in Maids or Women with Child: O|pening of a Vein or Artery; as that of the <HI>Vas breve,</HI> thro the Ob&s;truction of the Spleen, which emptys its Blood into the Stomac; or any of the Pancreatic Veins, occa&s;ion'd by the &s;harpne&s;s of its Juice, which Veins depo&s;it their Blood into the Duodenum, and then it is voided both upwards and downwards. Sometimes the healing up of a &s;ordid Ulcer may occa&s;ion it, by rea&s;on partly that the Blood was for|merly
<PB N="88" REF="54">evacuated in the form of corrupt Matter, and partly that the Ferment of the Ulcer may have corroded the Ve&s;&s;els in the Lungs. It &s;ucceeds frequently to Amputations, the Blood being then crouded into Fewer Channels.</P>
<P>The Signs are the&s;e. Arterious Blood is fluid and reddi&s;h. If the vomited matter be of an ob&s;cure colour, and clot|ted, re&s;embling the Liver, it comes from the Veins. If it incline to a black colour, be voided with a biting pain, and tended by an au&s;tere ta&s;te, 'tis not Blood, but an acid cor|rupt humor, or <HI>Atra Bilis.</HI> If it proceed from the rup|ture of the <HI>Vas breve,</HI> 'tis u&s;her'd in by a beating pain in the left &s;ide of the Back, under the &s;hort Ribs.</P>
<P>The Vomiting of <HI>Atra Bilis</HI> is fatal, as likewi&s;e a Void|ing of Blood any way in the Small Pox, Mea&s;les, or other Eruptions. If the Piles &s;ucceed to Vomiting, 'tis a good &s;ign; as al&s;o if it come by Intervals in Splenetic and Chro|nical Di&s;ea&s;es. If it be Critical, all is well.</P>
<P>The Cure con&s;i&s;ts in removing the Cau&s;es, diverting the Blood from the Stomac, fortifying the broken Ve&s;&s;el, atte|nuating and throwing off what is already extrava&s;ated. Blood-letting in the Arm or Leg, or opening the Hemorr|hoid Ve&s;&s;els, mu&s;t be premi&s;ed in Ca&s;es of <HI>Ploethora</HI>'s, or Suppre&s;&s;ions of Blood. As for A&s;tringents, the Syrup of the Juice of Comfrey Roots and Plantane Leaves (not cla|rify'd) mix'd with Sugar, is recommended by the Honour|able Mr. <HI>Boyle,</HI> and mightily e&s;teem'd in <HI>England.</HI> Water of Nettles, mix'd with Spirit of Vitriol, is extoll'd by <HI>Hartman</HI> and &s;everal other Authors. Or,</P>
<P>Take of the Con&s;erve of Ro&s;es two Ounces, Prepa|red Blood&s;tone a Dram and an half, Ad&s;tringent <HI>Crocus</HI> of Steel (that is, Vitriol of Steel di&s;&s;olv'd in Water, and preci|pitated with Oyl of Tartar, <HI>per deliquium</HI>) a Dram, white Henbane-&s;eeds two Scruples; with Syrup of Pur&s;lain make an Electuary.</P>
<P>Take a convenient quantity of the Earth of Vitriol of Steel, well calcin'd and dulcify'd, di&s;&s;olve it in Spirit of Salt, draw off the Spirit in a Fire of Sand till the re&s;idue come to the con&s;i&s;tence of Honey. Upon which dige&s;t Rectify'd Spirit of Wine for &s;ome time, and &s;train the Tincture for u&s;e.</P>
<P>Take of Plantane and Tormentil-water of each an Ounce, innamom-water and Vinegar of each &s;ix Drams, Prepared Red Coral half a Dram, Troches of Amber a Dram, &s;eal'd Earch half a Dram, Mummy &s;ix Grains,
<PB N="89" REF="54"><HI>Laudanum Opiatum</HI> one Grain, Syrup of Comfrey one Ounce Make a Potion.</P>
<P>If the Brea&s;t be perplex'd, the Pul&s;e weak, Re&s;piration difficult, the Stomac blown up, the Face Pale, and liable to &s;udden Flu&s;hings, and the Per&s;on apt to &s;woon, 'tis a &s;ign that the Blood is congeal'd in the Stomac. In which ca&s;e Crabs Eyes, Coral and Diaphoretic Antimony, and e&s;|pecially <HI>Sperma Coeti,</HI> are proper. After the &s;tagnating Blood is attenuated, the remaining Clots may be carried off by Rhubarb, or a Gentle Vomit. If the ob&s;truction of the Spleen occa&s;ion the recoyling of the Blood in the <HI>Vas Breve</HI> upon the Stomac, Chalybeat and opening Remedies are mo&s;t convenient.</P>
<P>Externally apply Treacle with Saffron and Vinegar of Rasberries to the Stomac.</P>
</DIV4>
</DIV3>
<DIV3 N="7" TYPE="section">
<PB N="90" REF="55">
<HEAD>SECT. VII. <HI>Of Pains of the Stomac.</HI></HEAD>
<P>SOmetimes the Brea&s;t, or the whole Cavity reaching from the Mouth of the Stomac to the Midriff, Liver, Spleen and Sweet-bread, is &s;iez'd with a Prodigious Unea&s;ine&s;s and Confus'd Pain cau&s;ing the afflicted Per&s;on to to&s;s up and down the Bed. This we call <HI>Anxiety.</HI> If this Pain be par|ticularly fix'd to the Pit of the Brea&s;t, attended by a &s;eem|ing Compre&s;&s;ion, with a &s;en&s;e of Biting and Gnawing, 'tis call'd <HI>Cardialgia,</HI> or Pain in the Stomac. The former is wandring, ari&s;ing from the lea&s;t irritation, and is fitly re&s;em|bled by the Anxiety following the A&s;&s;umption of a Vomit. The latter is fix'd, ari&s;ing from a Convul&s;ive Contraction, and is of the &s;ame Nature as the Pain we are afflicted with, when we &s;wallow any thing too hard or overbulky.</P>
<P>All Anxieties, excepting &s;uch as ari&s;e from Suffocation, or the di&s;turbance of re&s;piration, are owing to the Con|&s;triction or unea&s;ine&s;s of the upper and more &s;en&s;ible Orifice of the Stomac, as appears by their following the a&s;&s;umpti|on of a Vomit, attending Hy&s;teric Con&s;titutions, and being abated by Belching; their Accompanying Agues, and Di&s;ap|pearing after Vomiting, and their being caus'd by Eating of heavy Suppers. The blame is u&s;ually ca&s;t upon the Heart, but very unju&s;tly; for the Heart is an indolent mu&s;cle; and if it be irritated, is &s;iez'd with Convul&s;ions, or what we call a Palpitation; which does not Accompany Anxieties of the Brea&s;t.</P>
<P>The Remote cau&s;es are, &s;harp Poy&s;onous things taken into the Stomac, Corrupt Food, Wind, Vicious Humors, or Foreign ferments Tran&s;lated thither, Inflammations and &s;uch like di&s;orders of its Membrans, Convul&s;ions of the Nerves or Adjacent Parts, and in a Word, whatever pro|vokes the Mouth of the Stomac to Contract it &s;elf.</P>
<PB N="91" REF="55">
<P>Anxieties are u&s;ually Companions to other Di&s;ea&s;es, who&s;e peculiar cure mu&s;t be taken care of. In General Aro|matic, Di&s;cu&s;&s;ing Ingredients together with Vitriol, and Ni|trous Medicines are very proper.</P>
<P>The Pain of the &s;tomac was by the Ancients call'd <HI>Car|dialgia,</HI> by rea&s;on of the frequent Swoonings, Pro&s;tration of &s;trength, and Cold &s;weats that attend it; tho in the mean while the Heart is not at all afflicted. The left Orifice of the Stomac is its &s;eat, as being the mo&s;t &s;en&s;ible tender Part of the whole Body, richly &s;tor'd with Nerves, that main|tains a near Corr<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">&s;pondence with all the Nervous &s;y&s;teme. This Pain is caus'd by the Preternatural fermentation of the Bile and other vicious Juices; 'tis attended by Inflam|mations; &s;ometimes 'tis &s;eated in the back of the &s;tomac, and &s;ometimes glides along the Gullet to the very &s;houl|ders, or re&s;embles the Compre&s;&s;ion or Squeezing of the Throat.</P>
<P>The remote cau&s;es are whatever offends the left Orifice of the &s;tomac, or provokes it to Contraction. Nephritic Pains, Contor&s;ions of the Backbone, Depre&s;&s;ion of the <HI>Car|tilago En&s;iformis,</HI> Stones in the Gall Bladder, or Duode|num, Tumors in the Me&s;entery and Sweetbread, Hy&s;teric Pa&s;&s;ions, and Suppre&s;&s;ion of the terms, may occa&s;ion it by con&s;ent. The Boyling of the Juices in the fir&s;t Pa&s;&s;ages, In Intermitting feavers, frequently produces this &s;ymptom, which is remov'd by Cly&s;ters. Wind in an empty &s;tomac, an Acid vi&s;cid matter gnawing and piercing the upper Ori|fice, (which generally quickens about an hour or two after Eating) Green or Ru&s;ty Bile Tinctur'd with a Corro&s;ive acid from the Sweetbread, Corruption or Acidity of the Victuals; Tumors, Stones, or Ulcers in the &s;tomac; a&s;|&s;umption of &s;ublimat Mercury, Ar&s;enic; Coagulation of Milk, or new Chee&s;e in the &s;tomac occa&s;ion'd by its mix|ture with an Acid, Worms in the &s;tomac, &s;wallowing of Leeches (cur'd by &s;alt Water) pieces of Gla&s;s, Pins, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Are frequently the Authors of the &s;ame di&s;order. Some|times it is Periodical, according to the &s;ucce&s;&s;ive return of its cau&s;es.</P>
<P>The Symptoms of Anxiety, and Pain of the Stomac are, an Inexpre&s;&s;ible &s;ort of unea&s;ine&s;s about the Pit of the Brea&s;t, unquietne&s;s, to&s;&s;ing, difficult Re&s;piration and Swooning, u&s;her'd in by Giddine&s;s, and follow'd by cold Sweats and a pale Chilne&s;s in the Outward Parts. If the Pain &s;eize the bot|tom of the Stomac, it ought to be carefully di&s;tingui&s;h'd
<PB N="92" REF="56">from the Cholic, by ob&s;erving if it creeps upwards, or de|&s;cends to the Loyns and Kidnies; If it accompanies other Di&s;ea&s;es, or comes by it &s;elf; the former are &s;igns of a Pain in the Stomac, the latter of the Cholic.</P>
<P>If Anxiety and Pain of the Stomac proceed from Worms or Wind, it is not very dangerous, tho the Symptoms may &s;eem di&s;mal. To children it progno&s;ticates Epilep&s;ies, and to Adult Per&s;ons Chronical Di&s;ea&s;es. If it ari&s;e from curd|led Milk, or a green, ru&s;ty, &s;harp, vi&s;cous humour, 'tis dan|gerous. If it owe its being to a Vi&s;cous, Pituitous Matter, 'tis not &s;o violent. If follow'd by Convul&s;ions, 'tis much &s;u&s;pected; as al&s;o if it accompany Acute Feavers.</P>
<P>The cure is perform'd by removing the offending cau&s;e, and abating the Pain. If it depend upon another Di&s;ea&s;e, it yeilds to its cure. If it be E&s;&s;ential, or accompany Fea|vers, there's nothing equals Antimonial Vomits, which prevent an Infinity of di&s;mal circum&s;tances. After Vomit|ing, Purges are proper. But by rea&s;on of their offen&s;ive|ne&s;s to the Stomae, let 'em be mix'd with Opiats; a u&s;eful contrivance fot &s;uch as are liable to Gripings, or over-purga|tions; or &s;tuff'd with &s;harp, Scorbutic, Hypocondriac Hu|mors.</P>
<P>Take of Tartar vitriolated fifteen Grains, Scammony &s;ul|phurated two or three Grains, <HI>Laudanum Opiatum</HI> one or two Grains, Extract of Troches <HI>Alhandal</HI> one Grain, Di&s;til|led Oyl of Caraways two Drops. Make a Pouder.</P>
<P>Take of <HI>Quercetanus</HI>'s Pills of Ammoniac twelve Grains, Magi&s;tery of Jalap five Grains, Scammony &s;ulphurated, and <HI>Laudanum Opiatum</HI> of each a Grain; with E&s;&s;ence of <HI>Ca&s;tor</HI> make Pills. Four or five Grains of Fulminatory Gold may be added.</P>
<P>Take of Aloes half an Ounce, Myrrh two Drams, Ma|&s;tic a Dram, Oriental Saffron half a Dram, Rectify'd Flow|ers of Antimony a Dram; with &s;olutive Syrup of Ro&s;es make a Ma&s;s. Do&s;e from fifteen to twenty four Grains. This is the compo&s;ition of <HI>Poterius</HI> his Catholic Pills.</P>
<P>If it be caus'd by Wind, or the Steams of the Choler and Pancreatic Juice fermenting in the <HI>Duodenum,</HI> let Carmi|native Cly&s;ters be injected; As,</P>
<P>Take of Leaves of Mint, Wild Marjoram, and Penny Royal, of each a handful; Chamomil Flowers, half a handful; Angelica Roots half an Ounce; Bayberries three Drams. Seeds of Anis, Carrets, and Fennel, of each a Dram. Boyl them in Water and Man's Urine. To Eight
<PB N="93" REF="56">or Nine Ounces of the &s;train'd Liquor add of Lenitive Electu|ary and Electuary of Bayberries four or &s;ix Drams, Di&s;till'd Oyls of Anni&s;eeds, and Fennel&s;eeds of each half a Scruple, Yelks of Eggs, in number one. Make a Cly&s;ter to be in|jected warm. 'Tis proper to add Salt of Tartar, by rea&s;on that at once it whets the Cly&s;ter, and attenuats the vi&s;cid humors.</P>
<P>Blood-letting is inconvenient, excepting the ca&s;e of a <HI>Plae|thora,</HI> or &s;ome notable &s;uppre&s;&s;ion of Blood.</P>
<P>The &s;econd Indication is &s;atisfied by Opiats, as thus: Take of Chamomil water three Ounces, Cinnamom-water one Ounce, <HI>Elixir</HI> of Mint, or of Citrons, or of Oranges, &s;ix Drams, Di&s;till'd Oyl of Chamomil &s;ix Drops, <HI>Laudanum Opiatum</HI> from three to &s;ix Grains, Syrup of Hy&s;op &s;ix Drams, Syrup of Canel an Ounce. Mix them. Do&s;e two or three &s;poonfuls. 'Tis a Catholic Mixture for all Pains of the Sto|mac. The Spirits of Salarmoniac, Anni&s;eeds, Hart&s;horn, Tincture of Tartar, Carminative Spirit <HI>de tribus,</HI> or, if the Pain be attended by a burning heat, dulcify'd Spirit of Nitre, may be conveniently added.</P>
<P>The Remaining Specifics are vary'd according to the Cau|&s;es. If Wind be deem'd for the Cau&s;e, Chamomil is a no|ted Specific, by rea&s;on of its Anodyn and Aromatic Vertues. Its Water, its E&s;&s;ence extracted with a Carminative Spirit of Wine, its Decoction, its Oyl drunk with Wine, or applied outwardly with Oyl of Nutmegs, are all of excellent v&s;e. Next are the Decoctions of Sa&s;&s;afras, Hy&s;&s;op, Dill, Ro&s;e|mary and Mullein Flowers; The Tincture and Di&s;till'd Oyl of Orange or Citron Peel, Spirit and Di&s;till'd Oyl of Anni|&s;eeds, Spirit of Salarmoniac, <HI>Elixir</HI> of Mint, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> If it be attended by a Notable Heat, to the&s;e Aromatic Ingredients we may add Acids, as the Juices and Syrups of Quinces, Ci|trons and Pomegranats, Spirit of Nitre dulcify'd with a tri|ple quantity of the Spirit of Anni&s;eeds.</P>
<P>If the Anxiety or Pain proceed from Acid &s;harp Humors, or green ru&s;ty Choler, Ab&s;orbent Pouders are proper; as, Take of Prepar'd Red Coral, Cinnabar of Antimony, Cha|lybeat Diaphoretic Antimony, of each Eight Grains, <HI>Lau|danum Opiatum</HI> a Grain, Di&s;till'd Oyl of Cloves one Drop, Make a Pouder to be exhibited in Chamomil-water, mix'd with E&s;&s;ence of Ca&s;tor.</P>
<P>If it ari&s;e from a Vi&s;cous Mucilage, Cream of Tartar and Gum Ammoniac are proper Ingredients. If it be caus'd by Sublimat Mercury, let Milk mix'd with Oyl of Sweet Al|monds,
<PB N="94" REF="57">or Oyl of Tartar, <HI>per deliquium,</HI> be exhibited: Let Prepar'd Chry&s;tal, <HI>Venice</HI> Treacle and Fre&s;h Butter, be di&s;|&s;olv'd in Barley-water, and given to drink; and the Stomac fomented with the Decoction of Henbane Leaves in Red Wine. Some recommend &s;eal'd Earth, with Syrup of Com|frey for internal u&s;e. Pins, Pieces of Gla&s;s, and &s;uch like &s;harp things &s;wallow'd, and pricking the Stomac, are re|mov'd by drinking Oyl of Sweet Almonds and Broth; or eating a thick Pulti&s;e of Rice and Millet&s;eeds.</P>
<P>If the Pain be occa&s;ion'd by Worms, give <HI>Elixir Proprie|tatis</HI> without the Acid, and Spirit of Sal Armoniac, or Tar|taris'd E&s;&s;ence of Wormwood. As for Old Per&s;ons, who are frequently troubled with a Pain of the Stomac, attend|ed by a notable Weakne&s;s, and Propen&s;ity to &s;woon, the following Pills are of wonderful Efficacy; <HI>Viz.</HI> Take of Ambergri&s;e two or three Grains, Mo&s;ch and Oriental Saffron of each a Grain or two, <HI>Opium</HI> four Grains. Make Pills.</P>
<P>As touching External Applications, Ointments are com|pos'd after this manner: <HI>Viz.</HI> Take of the Di&s;till'd Oyl of Chamomil a Dram, Oyls of Mace and of Cloves of each fif|teen Drops, Bal&s;am of <HI>Peru</HI> half a Dram. With Expre&s;|&s;ed Oyl of Nutmegs make a Liniment, and anoint the Brea&s;t and Stomac, applying afterwards a hot Brick.</P>
<P>Plai&s;ters are very u&s;eful, e&s;pecially &s;uch as are made of Tacamahac, or Gum Caran, with <HI>Venice</HI> Treacle, or Bal&s;am of <HI>Peru,</HI> and Di&s;till'd Oyl of Amber. The Stomac may be likewi&s;e fomented with the Decoction of Wormwood, Mint, Hy&s;&s;op, Marjoram, Chamomil Flowers, Fennel &s;eeds and Juniper Berries, in Wine, or Vinegar and Water; or a Bag quilted with the &s;ame Ingredients and Spices, and &s;prinkled with the Oyls of Amber and Mint, may be applied hot to the Stomac.</P>
<P>Anodyn Catapla&s;ms are al&s;o very u&s;eful, e&s;pecially in Scorbutic Ca&s;es; as, Take of the Leaves of Henbane and Mallows, roa&s;ted under A&s;hes, of each three Ounces, Meal of Barly and Vetches, reduc'd to a due con&s;i&s;tence, with the Decoction of Vetches, of each two ounces; the Mucilages of Tragacanth, of Fleawort&s;eeds and of Quin|ces, of each two ounces. Make a Catapla&s;m.</P>
<P>Womens Pains of the Stomac ari&s;ing from the Faults of the Matrix, are frequently cur'd by the application of <HI>Poma|tum</HI> and Goats Tallow. As tho&s;e which proceed from Wind by applying a Bag of Bran, to&s;ted Millet&s;eeds and common Salt.</P>
<PB N="95" REF="57">
<P>The Di&s;ea&s;e which we call the Heat of the Stomac, is near akin to tho&s;e la&s;t de&s;crib'd. 'Tis &s;eated in the Left Orifice of the Stomac, and is only a &s;en&s;e of Heat and Sulphureous Fumes pa&s;&s;ing thro the Gullet, caus'd by the Fermentation of an Acid, with a Fat Oyly Alkali in the Stomac. The Remote Cau&s;es are over-acid, or over-fat Victuals, Choler abounding in the Stomac, or forc'd thither by Anger, or &s;uch like occa&s;ions, or an Hypocondriac Acidity prevailing in the Stomac.</P>
<P>The Burning, or Heat, is frequently accompany'd by bit|ter and mu&s;ty Belchings; and if it come without a mani|fe&s;t Cau&s;e, portends a Chronical Di&s;temper. The Specifics that compa&s;s its Cure are Ab&s;orbent Pouders, &s;uch as Chalk, and Cream of Tartar, the Pouder of Burnt Bricks, Bole Armenic, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Nutmegs are po&s;&s;e&s;s'd of a temperat Oyl, fit for moderating the Acrimony of the Humours. The Con&s;erve of the Fruit of the common Briar, Syrup and Con|&s;erve of Oak-Buds, Juice of Hou&s;e-leek and Nitre di&s;&s;olv'd in Elder-flower-water, are much approv'd.</P>
<P>Take of Prepared Chalk two Drams, Nutmegs, burnt I|vory, of each a Dram; Mineral Unicorn, Red Coral and Crabs Eyes, of each two Scruples. With four or &s;ix Ounces of Sugar di&s;&s;olv'd in Pur&s;lain-water make Tablets.</P>
<P>Take of the Con&s;erve of Oak-Buds an Ounce, Prepared Chalk two Drams, Nutmegs one Dram. Make an Electuary.</P>
<P>If the Evacuations be needful, Tamarinds are mo&s;t proper. When a &s;tronger Purgation is de&s;ir'd, Rhubarb, Pills of Am|moniac and <HI>Elixir Proprietatis,</HI> are likewi&s;e convenient. In an Inveterat ca&s;e, we have recour&s;e to Vomits.</P>
</DIV3>
<DIV3 N="8" TYPE="section">
<PB N="96" REF="58">
<HEAD>SECT. VIII. <HI>Of Di&s;orders hindring the due Se|paration of the Chyle from the Excrements in the Guts.</HI></HEAD>
<P>THE Victuals having made a &s;ufficient &s;tay in the Stomac, repair to the Guts, under the form of Chyle; which wants to be further prepar'd by being rid of its Curd, or gro&s;s Excrements, before it enter the <HI>Va&s;a Lactea.</HI> This &s;eparation of the good and bad is perform'd by the Gall, and Pancreatic Juice. The former is an Oyly &s;ulphureous Body, which tinctures the Chyle, and predi&s;po&s;es it for being converted into Blood. It defends it from Corruption, de&s;troys any remains of Acidity, and ferments with the Pancreatic Juice, which is a temperat Acid. Thus they joyntly attack the Chyle, at|tinuat its parts, and precipitat the Coar&s;er in order to ex|pul&s;ion, while the more refin'd are receiv'd by the Milky Ve&s;&s;els, and convey'd to the Blood.</P>
<P>If this fermentation and &s;eparation be irregularly per|form'd, the Body is expos'd to an infinity of Di&s;ea&s;es. In a word, all Chronical Di&s;tempers are owing to the lame|ne&s;s of this performance, and that of the fir&s;t Dige&s;tion. From the&s;e two Juices, <HI>viz.</HI> the Gall, and Pancreatic Juice, together with the Pituita, compos'd of the Saliva and re|mains of the Chyle in the Stomac, <HI>Sylvius</HI> fetch'd the Cau|&s;es of a great many Di&s;ea&s;es; not only Agues, but all Chro|nical Di&s;tempers, and Symptoms of the lower Belly. For the lea&s;t di&s;order in that Triumvirat, ob&s;tructs the due pu|rification and conveyance of the Chyle, which cannot but produce many Inconveniencies in the Body.</P>
<P>Now each of the&s;e Juices is accountable for its own faults. If the Gall be too copious, it renders the Chyle
<PB N="97" REF="58">too Oyly, and ought to be purg'd out. If too &s;harp, or &s;aline, it ought to be temper'd by dulcify'd Acids. If too fat or oyly, it ought to be &s;harpen'd with volatil Aromatic Salts. If it be lazy, or do not flow into the Duodenum, it ought to be &s;tir'd up, and a pa&s;&s;age open'd to it by &s;piritu|ous volatil Medicines. As for the Juice of the Sweet-bread, if it be too rank, it ought to be carry'd off. If too acid, or au&s;tere (its au&s;terity cau&s;es Con&s;tipation of the Belly, Gripings, and Suffocations of the Womb) it ought to be temper'd by Alcali's, both fix'd and volatil; as fix'd Salts, Earths, Chalybeat and Antimonial Medicines, Ca&s;tor, Ga|langal, Ginger, di&s;till'd aromatic Oyls and Spirits, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> If it be too flat or deficient, it ought to be retriev'd by dulci|fy'd mineral acid Spirits, Juice of Quinces, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> If the Chyle it &s;elf be deprav'd in the fir&s;t Dige&s;tion, its &s;ofter coar&s;e parts that &s;tick to the Guts, <HI>viz.</HI> the <HI>mucus</HI> that defends them from the &s;harpne&s;s of the&s;e two Juices, is likewi&s;e di&s;or|der'd, and ought to be put to rights. If it be too copious, purge it off with Coloquintida. If too vi&s;cid, atte|nuat it with volatil Salts; if deficient, repair it with vi&s;cous Food. But for &s;o much at 'tis a difficult Task to trace the peculiar faults of every Juice apart, we &s;hall touch at &s;uch Medicines as are equally calculated for redre&s;&s;ing all their Di&s;orders. Tho&s;e are the temperat &s;alin Ingredients, as <HI>Arcanum Duplicatum,</HI> the Carminative Spirit; Spirit of Nitre dulcify'd with a triple quantity of the Spirit of Ani|&s;eeds, together with Opiats: As for Example,</P>
<P>Take of Carduus Benedictus, Endive and Mint Waters, of each an Ounce; Sal Armoniac, &s;ix drams; dulcify'd Spirit of Mint, a &s;cruple; prepar'd Crabs Eyes, a dram; Diapho|retic Antimony, a &s;cruple; Laudanum Opiatum, three grains; Syrup of Orange-peel, half an ounce. Mix and give a &s;poonful now and then.</P>
</DIV3>
<DIV3 N="9" TYPE="section">
<PB N="98" REF="59">
<HEAD>SECT. IX. <HI>Of Di&s;orders relating to the Ex|pul&s;ion of the Excrements by Stool.</HI></HEAD>
<P>THE Chyle having drop'd its Excrements in the Guts, pur&s;ues its Journey to the Blood. The&s;e Ex|crements ought to be voided in due time. The hindrances of their regular Evacuation, are &s;uch as either impair, enlarge, or deprave it.</P>
<DIV4 N="1" TYPE="chapter">
<HEAD>CHAP. I. <HI>Of the Di&s;ea&s;es which impair the Evacuation by Stool.</HI></HEAD>
<DIV5 N="1" TYPE="article">
<HEAD>ARTIC. I. <HI>Of Co&s;tivene&s;s.</HI></HEAD>
<P>THE Cau&s;es of Co&s;tivene&s;s re&s;pect either the Excre|ments, or the Guts. Of the former &s;ort are the pau|city of Excrements for want of Victuals: Their hardne&s;s and dryne&s;s occa&s;ion'd by neglect of drinking, exce&s;&s;ive &s;leep and re&s;t; &s;wallowing Cherry-&s;tones, or Goo&s;eberry|skins; eating Che&s;nuts, Eggs boyl'd hard, Cru&s;t of Bread, and Medlars: Their vi&s;cidity and glutino&s;ity, caus'd by vi&s;cous Victuals, or an acid, au&s;tere Con&s;titution of Body, and want of Exerci&s;e: Their Conden&s;ation and Coagulation caus'd by the au&s;tere acidity of the Pancreatic Juice, and
<PB N="99" REF="59" MS="y">defect of the oyly bilious Alcali; all which makes 'em un|fit for ob&s;erving the Peri&s;taltic Motion of the Guts, and di&s;|po&s;e 'em to &s;tagnat.</P>
<P>The Cau&s;es relating to the Guts, are Ob&s;tructions, or fle&s;hy Excre&s;cences in the Guts; their Compre&s;&s;ion, as in Women with Child; their Inflammation or Gangrene; their growing together after the Corro&s;ion of a Dy&s;entery; the Paralytic Relaxation of their Fibres, which in Apoplexies eludes Cly&s;ters; Their Convul&s;ive Contractions, occa&s;ion'd by Colic or Nephritic Pains, which are frequently augment|ed by &s;trong irritating Purgatives, but remov'd by &s;mooth Laxatives. Now all the&s;e Cau&s;es hinder the Guts to per|form their wonted Office, of forwarding the Excrements by their Peri&s;taltic Motion.</P>
<P>Sometimes a <HI>Co&s;tivene&s;s</HI> is follow'd by a loathing, vomit|ing, gnawing, &s;hooting Pains in the Belly, unea&s;ine&s;s, watch|ings, giddine&s;s, and Head-ach. If it be inveterat it may occa&s;ion a bleeding at No&s;e. If the Excrements be lodg'd in the Colon, they creat an unea&s;ine&s;s, re&s;embling the &s;ple|netic Illne&s;s, which frequently impo&s;es upon Phy&s;itians. The di&s;orders of the Head, and Hypocondriac Symptoms are inlarg'd by Co&s;tivene&s;s, which to young Per&s;ons threa|ten an Epilep&s;ie. If attended by an Iliac Pa&s;&s;ion, Colic Pains, or a Pal&s;ie of the Guts, 'tis very dangerous. To Childbearing Women it renders Delivery difficult.</P>
<P>The Cure con&s;i&s;ts in &s;oftening, watering, and attenuat|ing the Excrements; or in removing the Cau&s;es which &s;traiten the Capacity of the Guts, reviving their Sen&s;e, and appea&s;ing their Irritations.</P>
<P>For the former purpo&s;es, Oyl of &s;weet Almonds, with &s;olutive Syrup of Ro&s;es, Salt of the tendrels of Vines mix'd with Spirit of Salt, &s;oft potch'd Eggs with Butter, drinking liberally, and e&s;pecially Rai&s;ins, are of good u&s;e; Rhubarb and Aloes are not to be us'd, unle&s;s mix'd with Antimonial Ingredients.</P>
<P>Take of the Pulps of Rai&s;ins, and Tamarinds, of each an ounce and a half; Cry&s;tals of Tartar, three drams; Powder of Jalap roots, two drams; Scammony &s;ulphura|ted, a &s;cruple; laxative Antimony, half a dram. With &s;olutive Syrup of Ro&s;es, make an Electuary. The Decocti|on of Prunes, or of Senna, with Rai&s;ins, is likewi&s;e very effectual. Clarify'd Whey, mix'd with &s;olutive Syrup of Ro&s;es, or impregnated with Tamarinds by Decoction, is an incomparable Medicine for opening the Belly. It injoys a
<PB N="100" REF="60">volatil oyly Alcali, which tempers the au&s;tere acidity of the Juice of the Pancreas (the frequent cau&s;e of Co&s;tivene&s;s) and moderates the acrimony of &s;corbutic Salts.</P>
<P>The Decoctions of emollient Herbs in Broth, or that of Figs in Barly-water, are likewi&s;e u&s;eful. Some in&s;tead of Sugar u&s;e Manna for the Conferves of Ro&s;es, and Violets, and mix 'em with the Pulp of Rai&s;ins and Cream of Tar|tar, with very good Succe&s;s.</P>
<P>If the Excrements be very hard, and a gla&s;&s;y <HI>Pituita</HI> be|&s;et the Guts, there's nothing better than Gum Ammoniac. As, take of Mint-water, an ounce; Gum Ammoniac di&s;|&s;olv'd in Vinegar, a dram; &s;olutive Syrup of Ro&s;es, half an ounce; make a Potion for two Do&s;es. If the Operation be difficult, add Tartar vitriolated, and Scammony &s;ulphu|rated.</P>
<P>The Tincture, or E&s;&s;ential Salt of Tartar is much ap|prov'd. But in Ca&s;es of Extremity, we mu&s;t have recour&s;e to Quick&s;ilver; two or three ounces of which may be ex|hibited in Broth, or Oyl of &s;weet Almonds; or it may be infus'd for a Month in Wine, &s;haking the Wine often, of which a &s;poonful or two is a Do&s;e. Fulminatory Gold re|duc'd to Pills with Extract of Hellebor, or Syrup of Ro&s;es, is look'd upon by &s;ome as the la&s;t Refuge. But it ought not to be dulcify'd or rob'd of its Salt, otherwi&s;e it becomes diaphoretic. I choo&s;e to joyn it with Antimonial Nitre, which provokes the Guts to Expul&s;ion; and find it very u&s;eful both in this ca&s;e, and that of Childrens Gripings. Strong Purgatives ought to be avoided, by rea&s;on that they promote the Contraction of the Guts, and con&s;equently the induration of the Excrements.</P>
<P>As for External A&s;&s;i&s;tance; Emollient Cly&s;ters of the Decoctions of &s;oftning Herbs, mixt with Lenitive Electua|ries, Hony, Manna, yelks of Eggs, and &s;oftning Oyls, are very proper. Some choo&s;e to inject the Decoction of Rai|&s;ins in Veal Broth. Turpentine Cly&s;ters are very conveni|ent, when Co&s;tivene&s;s is caus'd by Nephritic Pains. Com|mon Oyl, or the Oyls of Lin&s;eed and Rape&s;eed are &s;ome|times more effectual than any other Ingredients. As,</P>
<P>Take of Rape Oyl, in which a dram of, Troches Alhan|dal has been boyl'd, eight ounces; with an ounce of Hony of Ro&s;es, and the yelk of one Egg; make a Cly&s;ter.</P>
<P>If Emollient Cly&s;ters prove ineffectual, and the Excre|ments be notably harden'd, let Sal Gem be added to 'em As for Example,</P>
<PB N="101" REF="60">
<P>Take of Chamomil Leaves and Flowers, three handfuls; Elder and Mullein Flowers, of each a handful; boyl them in Water. To nine ounces of the &s;train'd liquor, add of Sal Gem, a Dram; Hony of Ro&s;es, an ounce; make a Cly&s;ter. If Wind mole&s;t the Guts, add of the di&s;till'd Oyls of Cumin and Caraway-&s;eeds, of each half a Scruple. If Sal Gem be in&s;ufficient, add a dram of Coloquintida ty'd in a Bag to be boyl'd with the other Ingredients; &s;till ob|&s;erving this Caution, that when &s;uch, &s;harp Ingredients are added, Oyls, and &s;uch like things ought to be omitted, for the&s;e cramp the others. And in the la&s;t place, if Colo|quintida it &s;elf be in&s;ufficient, in the room of it add two, three, or four ounces of the infu&s;ion of <HI>Crocus Metallorum;</HI> but withal, 'tis &s;till to be remembred, that if the Guts be irritated, or mole&s;ted with Contractions, the &s;imple &s;oft|ning Cly&s;ters are only proper; and that the u&s;e of &s;uch &s;harp Ingredients is to be nicely confin'd to the ca&s;e of the in&s;en&s;ibility and relaxation of the Guts.</P>
<P>Next to Cly&s;ters are Suppo&s;itories made of Salt, Hony, Powder of black Hellebor, and a &s;mall quantity of Sal Gem. <HI>Sylvius,</HI> and other Authors, are very diffu&s;e in commend|ing Suppo&s;itories of Allum, either mix'd in Powder with Tragacanth di&s;&s;olv'd in white Lilly-water; or a piece of Rock allum cut into the form of a Suppo&s;itory, and anoint|ed with Oyl of &s;weet Almonds. But during the u&s;e of Cly&s;ters and Suppo&s;itories, 'tis proper to exhibit &s;ome lax|ative inwardly, le&s;t an ineffectual Provocation of the Guts &s;hou'd creat an Inflammation. 'Tis likewi&s;e convenient in the mean while to foment or bathe the Belly; and after bathing, to anoint it, thus;</P>
<P>Take of the Leaves of common Mallows, Mar&s;h-mallows, Plantane, and Wormwood, of each a handful; Chamomil and Melilot Flowers, of each half a handful; Seeds of Fe|nugrec, Lin&s;eeds and Cucumber&s;eeds, of each a &s;cruple. Boyl them in Wine till two parts be con&s;umed. Foment the Belly with the Decoction.</P>
<P>Take of the Oyls of &s;weet Almonds, Violets, Lillies, Ro&s;es, Chamomil, and Spikenard, of each half an ounce; Goo&s;e fat an ounce; with a little of the Plai&s;ter of Bay|berries, make a Liniment; with which anoint the Belly af|ter fomentation.</P>
<P>If the motion of the Inte&s;tines be much impair'd, let the Oyntments be &s;harpen'd with Bull's Gall, and Sal Gem; or apply a Plai&s;ter of Bull's Gall, and Oyl of Coloquintida
<PB N="102" REF="61">to the Navel. <HI>Zivet,</HI> e&s;pecially in Colic Pains, us'd the &s;ame way, is a valuable Secret. The Ointment of Soubread &s;often'd with Oyl of Coloquintida, is very u&s;eful for the &s;ame purpo&s;e. As al&s;o Elaterum, or Scammony, or Aloe, mix'd with Oyl of Coloquintida. Some mix Goo&s;e fat with a roa&s;ted Apple, and apply it to the Belly. Others apply Oyl of Poplar with <HI>Hiera Picra</HI> to the Soles of the Feet. Some choo&s;e to anoint their Fingers with Rape or Lin&s;eed Oyl, and &s;o thru&s;t 'em into the Fun|dament; and they &s;ay 'tis a very effectual Method.</P>
<P>Coughing and &s;neezing are recommended by <HI>Platerus,</HI> as fit means for forwarding the Excrements. <HI>Meibomius</HI> gives an in&s;tance of a Prince that was wont to cau&s;e his Servant to whip him to Stool.</P>
</DIV5>
<DIV5 N="2" TYPE="article">
<HEAD>ARTIC. II. <HI>Of the Iliac Pa&s;&s;ion.</HI></HEAD>
<P>THE Iliac Pa&s;&s;ion is an extreme Co&s;tivene&s;s, pain about the Navel, and voiding of the Excrements upwards, caus'd by the inverted peri&s;taltic Motion of the Guts. If the Inver&s;ion of the peri&s;taltic Motion commence from the <HI>Pylorus,</HI> it creates Vomiting; if from the Guts, which are a Continuation of the Membran of the Stomac, it produces the &s;ame Symptoms. For the mo&s;t part it takes its ri&s;e from the <HI>Ileum,</HI> tho' &s;ometimes it begins at the <HI>Rectum,</HI> or Colon; as appears by their Inflammations, and other ob|&s;ervables in dead Bodies.</P>
<P>The Cau&s;es are Ulcers of the Guts, extreme Co&s;tivene&s;s, or acid au&s;tere Excrements irritating their Fibres, and cau|&s;ing Ob&s;tructions, e&s;pecially about the <HI>Caecum;</HI> a Rupture; The Corrugation of the Guts by a Gangrene, mi&s;taken by &s;ome for a twi&s;ting of 'em round one another, a thing in|con&s;i&s;tent with their ligation to the Me&s;entery; The run|ing of one Gut into another, caus'd by Wind di&s;tending one beyond its natural Capacity, while the other retains its wonted bulk, apt to be &s;wallowed up by the larger; (This entrance of one Gut into another, may be promoted by Per&s;ons unquietne&s;s and to&s;&s;ing in the extremity of their Pain; Convul&s;ive Contractions of the Guts, Coalition of their Sides, Corro&s;ion of their Valves, and Inflammations caus'd by over-acid Juices, and attended by Feavers, which, if a Gangrene in&s;ue, become malignant.</P>
<PB N="103" REF="61">
<P>The &s;igns of an approaching Iliac Pa&s;&s;ion, are extreme Go&s;tivene&s;s, retraction of the <HI>Anus,</HI> a loathing, vomiting, and intolerable Pains in the &s;mall Guts; and if a Hiccough in&s;ue, it threatens Death. If the <HI>Anus</HI> be much drawn back, &s;o that a Cly&s;ter-pipe cannot enter, it is a &s;ign, that the gro&s;s Inte&s;tines are affected. If otherwi&s;e, the &s;mall Guts are only touch'd. If the greate&s;t Pain be &s;eated in the <HI>Epi|ga&s;trium,</HI> the <HI>Ilium</HI> is mo&s;t oppre&s;s'd. A &s;hooting burning Pain in one particular part of the Belly, a <HI>Lipyria</HI> Feaver, Thir&s;t, and ardor of the Stomac, are &s;igns of an Inflamma|tion. If the Pain be over, and follow'd by cold Sweats, difficult Re&s;piration, Swoonings, and &s;ometimes Convul|&s;ions, 'tis a &s;ign of a Gangrene. In <HI>fine,</HI> the common Symptoms of an Iliac Pa&s;&s;ion are hardne&s;s of the Belly, &s;up|pre&s;&s;ion of Urine, loathing, vomiting, fir&s;t of the Contents of the Stomac, and next the Excrements; a &s;tinking habit of Body, frequent Swoonings, in&s;ufferable griping Pains in the Guts, a prodigious anxiety, and &s;ometimes vomiting of Cly&s;ters.</P>
<P>Inflammations or Gangrenes are Mortal. If the upper Gut de&s;cend into the lower, 'tis a fatal Symptom. If the lower a&s;cend into the higher, 'tis curable. If the Di&s;ea&s;e proceed from a Rupture, or harden'd Excrements, 'tis not de&s;perat. If Sleep &s;ucceed to the taking of Opiats, 'tis a hopeful Circum&s;tance. The Hiccough, Dea&s;ne&s;s, Convul|&s;ions, or Doatings, are bad Con&s;equences. If the E<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">re|ments be vomited, and if the Sweat, Breath, Belchings, and Wind voided downwards, &s;tink much; 'tis a dangerous ca&s;e.</P>
<P>The Cure con&s;i&s;ts in removing the Irritation, and retrie|ving the natural peri&s;taltic Motion of the Guts. In general, the following Rules will direct us;</P>
<P N="1">1. If the Excrements be harden'd, they mu&s;t be &s;often'd with Cly&s;ters betimes, el&s;e we labor in Vain. 2. All Pur|gatives are improper, till &s;uch time as the Guts and Sto|mac are appeas'd, and re&s;tor'd to their natural Motion, 3. Tho' the Symptoms di&s;appear, we ought not to think our &s;elves &s;ecure, till large quantities of humors be voided downwards, eitheir by a natural or artificial force. 4. The weakne&s;s and dejection of the Parts, which is caus'd by the &s;tink attending this Di&s;ea&s;e, ought be always accounted for by exhibiting Confection Alkermes, Spirit of Triacle cam|phoris'd, Cinnamom Water, Ambergri&s;e, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> 5. In ca&s;e of a Gangrene, Opiats are very noxious; as likewi&s;e in that
<PB N="104" REF="62">of Ob&s;tructions, till &s;uch time as the Belly be well open'd. When the Di&s;ea&s;e proceeds from a violent Irritation, and is attended by a furious everla&s;ting Vomiting, Opiats may be mix'd with Stomachical Medicines, while the Per&s;on is yet &s;trong. 6. Whatever is us'd, whether outwardly, or inwardly, mu&s;t be warm, as well in the time of Recovery, as that of the fit.</P>
<P>Now, as to particular Ca&s;es. If the &s;mall Guts only be inverted, emollient Cly&s;ters, quicken'd, if need be, with Coloquintida, Sal Gem, or Antimonial Infu&s;ions; or tho&s;e of the Carminative Seeds boyl'd in Childs Urine and Wa|ter; or of the Decoction of Sheeps Guts and Caul; or in ca&s;e of an Inflammation, tho&s;e of Nitre and Barly-water; are proper. But if the motion of the gro&s;s Inte&s;tines be likewi&s;e inverted, all &s;uch Cly&s;ters promote the Irritation. Wherefore we are obliged in &s;uch ca&s;es to endeavour the Cure by temperat, &s;oftening, laxative, lubrical Potions; as the Decoction of emollient Herbs in Broth, mix'd with the Oyl of &s;weet Almonds; or the Oyl of &s;weet Almonds new drawn, given to the quantity of three Ounces in Broth, with <HI>Sperma Gaeti.</HI> Or,</P>
<P>Take of the Decoction of Rai&s;ins, with Tamarinds, half a Pound; Oyl of &s;weet Almonds, two, or three Ounces; Syrup of Apples, an ounce and a half.</P>
<P>The Decoction of Rapes, or that of Chammomil Flow|ers with fre&s;h Butter; or the juice of rotten Apples, is of good u&s;e. Some apply the Pulp of Apples with Saffron to the Belly. In a word, the &s;ame Method is to be follow'd in curing this Di&s;ea&s;e, as we recommended in the la&s;t Article.</P>
<P>When all other Medicines are ineffectual, we have re|cour&s;e to leaden Bullers, and Quick&s;ilver. But in ca&s;e of an Inflammation, Rupture, Gangrene, or de&s;cent of the upper Gut into the lower, the former are very noxious; and even in other Ca&s;es they are frequently either in&s;uffici|ent, or hurtful. Wherefore Quick&s;ilver claims the Prefe|rence. Before we u&s;e it, the Body ought to be prepar'd with lubrical things, &s;uch as Oyl of &s;weet Almonds, or <HI>Sperma Caeti.</HI> Then exhibit three, four, and &s;ometimes eight ounces of purify'd Quick&s;ilver, together with Oyl of &s;weet Almonds, and Mint-water. If it do not &s;ucceed at fir&s;t, let it be frequently repeated. And in the mean while inject emollient Cly&s;ters, foment the Belly with &s;oftening <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">coctions, or &s;et the Per&s;on into a Bath. If the Mercury
<PB N="105" REF="62">after frequent u&s;ing do not pa&s;s, make the Cly&s;ters &s;harp|er; anoint the Belly with Ointment of Soubread, and Oyl of Coloquintida, and apply the Plai&s;ter of Hemloc with Gum Ammoniac to &s;often the Excrements. If the Mercu|ry di&s;turb the Mouth, Throat, and Gums, Gargle 'em with Hony of Ro&s;es, and Syrup of Violets. After the Body's open'd, 'tis likewi&s;e proper to exhibit the lunar Bezoar, and diaphoretic Antimony for carrying off the remains of the Mercury.</P>
<P>Be&s;ides the above mention'd Emollient, and temperating Potions, &s;ome commend &s;alt of Wormwood, with Juice of Limons; or the Spirit of Turpentin; or when the Guts are free of Inflammations, Venice Triacle di&s;&s;olv'd in Wine; for removing the Irritations; or the following Recipe's;</P>
<P>Take of Mint-water, two ounces; Cinnamom and Ze|doary Waters, of each half an ounce; Salt of Wormwood, half a dram; Laudanum Opiatum, two or three Grains; Syrup of Buckthorn, &s;ix drams. Make a Potion.</P>
<P>Take of Fennel, Mint, and carminative Waters, of each an ounce; Spirit of Salarmoniac ani&s;ated, a dram and a half; E&s;&s;ence of Opium, a dram, Syrup of Mint, &s;ix drams; mix and exhibit in the beginning of the Di|&s;ea&s;e.</P>
<P>Take of prepar'd Amber, Diaphoretic Antimony, Cinna|bar of Antimony, of each half a Scruple; Laudanum Opi|atum two grains; Camphyr, one grain; make a Powder Mineral Bezoar, and volatil Salt of Hart&s;horn are likewi&s;e proper Ingredients.</P>
<P>If the Di&s;ea&s;e be caus'd by an Inflammation, let blood both in the Arm and Leg; let the Per&s;on ab&s;tain from eating; let Cly&s;ters of Nitre, Milk, and mucilage of Fleawort-&s;eeds be injected; and exhibit a Potion of Mint-water, Spirit of <HI>Venice</HI> Treacle camphoriz'd, Salt of Wormwood, and Syrup of Buckthorn. Externally, anoint with the Oyntment of Mar&s;hmallows, &s;ix drams; Oyl of Chamomil, half an ounce; di&s;till'd Oyls of Juniper, and of Turpentin, of each a dram and a half, mix'd. After anointing, lay a hot Brick upon the Belly. Sometimes a Gangrene of the Guts cau|&s;es a retraction of the Yard and Te&s;ticles, and it always ends in Death. If the Di&s;ea&s;e proceed from a Rupture, let &s;harp Antimonial Cly&s;ters be injected, and the Inte&s;tines rein&s;tated in their proper Places. If it proceed from an Ulcer, emollient laxative things are only to be us'd.</P>
<PB N="106" REF="63">
<P>As for outward Applications, 'tis u&s;ual to anoint the Belly with Di&s;till'd Oyl of Chamomil mix'd with the fat of Gee&s;e or Ducks, for &s;oftening the Excrements; or mix'd with Oyntment of Soubread and Oyl of Coloquyntida, for pro|voking to Stool. Cow dung applied to the Belly is &s;ometimes very effectual for mitigating the Pains. Some recommend the hot Caul of a gelded Lamb, others the Blood of Bats, or the ca&s;tcoals of Serpents boyl'd with Oyl of Ro&s;es, for External Application. Catapla&s;ms of &s;heeps dung boyl'd with milk, or rotten Apples with Saffron, or Baths of the Decoction of Chamomil and Melilot-flowers, and Juniperberries, are proper for the &s;ame purpo&s;e.</P>
</DIV5>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 N="2" TYPE="chapter">
<HEAD>CHAP. II. <HI>Of the Di&s;ea&s;es which Inlarge the Quantity of Excrements voided by Stool.</HI></HEAD>
<DIV5 N="1" TYPE="article">
<HEAD>ART. I. <HI>Of a Loo&s;ene&s;s.</HI></HEAD>
<P>WHen the Excrements are more frequently, or copiou&s;ly vomited, than they ought to be, we call it a <HI>Diar|rhaea,</HI> or Loo&s;ene&s;s, which varies according to the Color and con&s;i&s;tence of the Excrements it di&s;charges. If it be a cri|tical Loo&s;ene&s;s, caus'd by the Tran&s;lation of Morbific Mat|ter, or &s;uppre&s;&s;ion of &s;ome wonted Evacuation, change of Sea&s;on, or Diet, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> 'tis of no great importance. That which we have now before us, is a preternatural Loo&s;ene&s;s, which is &s;ometimes malignant and contagious, attended by cold Sweats, great Anxiety, and propagating it &s;elf by the Breath; Sometimes more Benign. Sometimes it comes a|lone, at other times 'tis the Symptom of &s;ome other Di&s;|ea&s;e, of which nature are the Loo&s;ene&s;&s;es which attend the Beginning, or Increa&s;e of Malignant Fevers, or tho&s;e pecu|liar to Phthi&s;ical con&s;umptive Per&s;ons, which we &s;tyle, Melt|ing,
<PB N="107" REF="63">by rea&s;on that they drain the nouri&s;hing Juice. Some|times we meet with Periodical Loo&s;ene&s;&s;es, e&s;pecially a|mong Cacochymical Per&s;ons, which return every Quarter of a Year, Month, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P>The Radical Subject of a Loo&s;ene&s;s is the Ma&s;s of Blood, which depo&s;its it Recrements either in the Form of Serum, thro the Glands of the Guts, or in that of Gall, or Pancrea|tic Juice; not that it is actually &s;tuff'd with &s;o much Filth as is evacuated, but it degenerates and corrupts, as the Loo&s;e|ne&s;s advances. If the Bilious Particles prevail, and give the Excrements an high Tincture, 'tis call'd a Bilious Di|arrhaea; If the Pancreatic Juice, or Serum, 'tis entitled <HI>Se|rous:</HI> If Gro&s;s, Vi&s;cid, Indige&s;ted Humors be voided with|out any notable Tincture, 'tis a Pituitous Loo&s;ene&s;s.</P>
<P>The Cau&s;e of Loo&s;ene&s;&s;es is a &s;harp Volatil Humor, &s;ome|times Acid, &s;ometimes Alcalin, that either irritates the Guts, or ferments with the Natural Acid of the Blood, melting down its Ma&s;s into Serum, much after the manner of Artificial Purgatives. This Humor is an Enemy to the Acid of the Stomac, and always depre&s;&s;es its Appetit. Nay, oft|times a deprav'd Acid in the Stomac is the occa&s;ional cau&s;e of a Loo&s;ene&s;s. Hence, whatever weakens the Ferment of the Stomac, promotes the other, and what cures the other fortifies the Stomac. Sometimes the Internal Corruption of the Humors, independent of the Stomac occa&s;ions it, which frequently mole&s;ts &s;uch as are of a thick Texture and unfit for a free Tran&s;piration, by rea&s;on that the Serum not finding an ea&s;y Pa&s;&s;age on the Surface of the Body, re|tires to the Inte&s;tines to procure a vent. Melting Con&s;ump|tive and Habitual Loo&s;ene&s;&s;es proceed from the Deficiency of the Acid in the Stomac, and Acrimony of the Bile, im|parted to the Chyle. All Corruptible things, or &s;uch as are apt to ferment, do of cour&s;e di&s;po&s;e the Humors to a Loo&s;ene&s;s.</P>
<P>The Signs are, a Loathing and Dejection of Appetit, im|moderat Thir&s;t, Weakne&s;s, Suppre&s;&s;ion of Sweat, and Urine; a Noi&s;e, and &s;ome &s;ort of Griping in the Guts immediatly be|fore going to &s;tool. If it come to a great height, 'tis at|tended by Anxieties of the Brea&s;t, Swoonings and Cold Sweats, e&s;pecially upon the Forehead.</P>
<P>If a Loo&s;ene&s;s accompany Spotted Feavers, or invade the Per&s;on in the Beginning of an Acute Feaver, 'tis very dange|rous, by rea&s;on that it weakens the Patient, di&s;turbs the Concoction and Separation of the Febril Matter, and is the
<PB N="108" REF="64">Effect of the Feaveri&s;h Colliquation; and upon that ac|count ought always to be &s;topp'd, or at lea&s;t curb'd. If a Loo&s;ene&s;s be follow'd by Vomiting, 'tis a good &s;ign. In a word, 'tis accounted dangerous, or favourable, according as the Stomac is in good or bad ca&s;e. If the Excrements be much degenerat from their natural condition, as very gro&s;s, white, green or Saffron colour'd; If frothy, gluy, pale, &s;lippery and &s;cantly; E&s;pecially if they be black, ru&s;ty, fat, livid, or foetid, they portend danger. If the Patient begin to void large quantities of Urin, and &s;weat plentifully, we look upon the Loo&s;ene&s;s as Declining. If a melting Loo&s;e|ne&s;s follow Acute Feavers, Con&s;umptions, Phthi&s;ics, Hectics, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> 'tis very dangerous.</P>
<P>A Critical Loo&s;ene&s;s ought not to be &s;topp'd, unle&s;s it exceed Bounds. Symptomatical and Epidemical Loo&s;ne&s;|&s;es are tho&s;e which require the greate&s;t attention. The In|dications of Cure, with relation to them, are the&s;e follow|ing: 1. The &s;harp Ferment ought to be curb'd by moderat and thickening Medicines. 2. The Blood ought to be purify'd by Sudorifics. 3. The Irritating Cau&s;e temper'd by Ab&s;orbents. 3. The Fury of the Spirits, and Sen&s;e of Irritation, abated by Opiats. 5. The Corrupt Humors gently evacuated. 6. The Stomac ought to be re&s;tor'd to its due &s;trength and vigour. In order to obtain the&s;e Ends, let's take notice of the following Remarks.</P>
<P N="1">1. 'Tis impo&s;&s;ible to cure a Loo&s;ene&s;s without having re|gard to the Stomac. Therefore let Wine, and the Prepara|tions of Wormwoad, Mint, Quinces, Cinnamom, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> and the External Fomentations and Inunctions recommended a|bove, be us'd in this Ca&s;e. Let all Cold Drinks be prohi|bited, and as little of any Liquor allow'd as po&s;&s;ibly can be done. 2. All Purgatives are improper again&s;t Sympto|matical and malignant Loo&s;ene&s;&s;es. They ought rather to be appeas'd than provok'd. 3. In all Malignant, Contagious, Epidemical Loo&s;ene&s;&s;es, Alexioharmacal Ingredients, &s;uch as Spirit of <HI>Venice</HI> Treacle, Bezoardic Tincture, with <HI>Opium,</HI> &s;eal'd Earth, fix'd Antimonial Preparations, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> are much the be&s;t. If the Loo&s;ene&s;s proceed only from an Irritation of the Guts, they are not &s;o needful. 4. 'Tis not proper to purge in the beginning of any Loo&s;ene&s;s what&s;oever. The be&s;t way is either to &s;uffer it to go on a little, if it do not exceed mea&s;ure, or fir&s;t to check the Boyling Humors, and then, if need be, to wa&s;h off the Dregs with Rhubarb and Tamarinds, or Gentle Cly&s;ters. 5. If a Loathing, Giddi|ne&s;s,
<PB N="109" REF="64">Anxiety of the Brea&s;t, and Di&s;orders of the Stomac accompany a Loo&s;ene&s;s in the beginning, let a Vomit be ex|hibited. 6. A&s;tringents, as &s;uch, are not properly any part of the Cure of a Loo&s;ene&s;s. After the Cure of a tedious Loo&s;ene&s;s is fini&s;h'd, they may be u&s;eful for &s;trengthning the Fibres of the Guts. But to what Purpo&s;e &s;hould the Irritating and Floating Humors be bound up? 'Tis better they &s;hould take their Cour&s;e than be thrown upon a Nobler Part. 'Tis true, Tormentil, &s;eal'd Earth, Sugar of Lead, and &s;uch like things, are very u&s;eful; but 'tis not upon the account of their Ad&s;tringent, but Ab&s;orbing and Correcting Vertue. 7. 'Tis the Ridiculous Humor of &s;ome to a|void Wine. Whereas nothing is more Friendly to the Stomac, or more proper again&s;t a Loo&s;ene&s;s.</P>
<P>Of All the Medicines us'd again&s;t Loo&s;ene&s;&s;es, <HI>Opium</HI> is the Head. 'Tis a Powerful Controuler of all Tumultuous Motions. 'Tis exhibited in Vinegar. Or rather, Recent <HI>Dia&s;cordium</HI> may &s;upply its Room, being given from a Dram to two Drams. Some extoll the u&s;e of two Eggs boyl'd very hard, &s;prinkled with Ro&s;e-Vinegar, and Pou|der of Mace and Nutmegs. Others recommend a Quince fill'd with Wax and Roa&s;ted; Goats Tallow melted and mix'd with Flower, Extract of Tormentil di&s;&s;olv'd in Cin|namon or Mint Water together with a Grain or two of <HI>Laudanum,</HI> the Juice of Au&s;tere Fruits &s;uch as Med|lars and Quinces mix'd with the Juice of Ar&s;mart, The Rob made from the Juice of unripe &s;orbe Apples, the Con|&s;erve of Quinces mix'd with Di&s;till'd Oyl of Cinnamon and <HI>Laudanum Opiatum,</HI> The Decoction of Ma&s;ticwood, (or in the Room of it, that of Ma&s;tic it &s;elf with Mace and Cinnamon mix'd with Gelley of Hart&s;horn for Ordi|nary Drink, or Water impregnated with the fumes of Ma&s;tic) The Decoction of Juniper-berries, or that of Hart&s;horn and Stag's Pizzle, or the Decoction of Gum A|rabic and Sugar in Ale, The Golden Earth found in Gold Mines di&s;&s;olv'd with the Spirit of the Vitriol of Steel, Whey or Vinegar impregnated with Steel, <HI>Crocus</HI> of Stee<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">, Dulcify'd <HI>Gaput Mortuum</HI> of Vitriol exhibited in an Acid Vehicle, Coral, Cry&s;tal mix'd with Hy&s;teric Laudanum and Chalybeat Bezoar (again&s;t a Bilious Loo&s;ene&s;s) Blood Stone, Sugar of Lead, <HI>Plantan, Pur&s;lain,</HI> Tormentil and Colum|bin-Waters, and the Juices of Quinces and Pomgranats. The&s;e are all &s;pecifics in this Di&s;ea&s;e.</P>
<PB N="110" REF="65">
<P>Take of Plantan-Water, three Ounces, Cinnamom-Wa|ter an Ounce, <HI>Fraca&s;torius</HI>'s <HI>Dia&s;cordium</HI> two Drams, Pre|par'd Red Coral two Scruples, &s;eal'd Earth a Scruple, Sy|rup of Myrtles an Ounce. Make a Potion. Give a &s;poon|ful now and then. Vinegar of Wine, or of Ro&s;es, and Dia|phoretic Antimony may be added.</P>
<P>Take of Mint-water two Ounces, Cinnamom-water two Drams, Extract of Tormentil eight Grains, A&s;tringent <HI>Cro|cus</HI> of Steel and Hy&s;teric <HI>Laudanum</HI> of each &s;ix Grains, Sy|rup of Quinces half an Ounce. Mix for one Do&s;e. Dulci|fy'd Spirit of Nitre may be added. Or to temper the &s;harp|ne&s;s of the humors, an Emul&s;ion may be made from &s;weet Almonds and White Poppy Seeds with the Decoction of Hart&s;horn, and mix'd with ab&s;orbent Powders.</P>
<P>Take of Vitriolated Con&s;erve of Mint, an Ounce and a half; Dia&s;cordium, half an Ounce; Seal'd Earth a Dram: Chalybeat Diaphoretic Antimony, and Extract of Tormen|til Roots, of each half a Dram. With Syrup of Ma&s;ter|wort make an Electuary. Do&s;e two Drams twice or thrice aday.</P>
<P>When a Loo&s;ene&s;s is attended by Gripings, black excre|ments, thir&s;t and inappetency, give what follows. Take Con&s;erve of Mint and Dia&s;cordium, of each two Ounces; Rhubarb a Dram; Red Coral, two Scruples; With Syrup of Coral make an Electuary. Of which let the Patient take a Convenient quantity frequently.</P>
<P>In malignant Epidemical Loo&s;ene&s;&s;es, Alexipharmacal &s;udorifics ought to be mix'd with proper &s;pecifics, as Spirit of Venice Treacle with Spirit of Ma&s;tic, Seal'd Earth, and Volatil Salt of Vipers, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Or thus,</P>
<P>Take of Seal'd Earth and Diaphoretic Antimony, of each fifteen Grains; Powder of Mace, four Grains; Volatil Salt of Vipers, &s;ix Grains. Mix for one Do&s;e.</P>
<P>Take of Mint and Scordium Waters, of each an Ounce and a half; Cinnamon Water, three Drams; Vinegar of Wine, &s;ix Drams; <HI>Venice</HI> Treacle, a Dram and a half; Mi|neral Bezoar, half a Dram; Syrup of Quinces, three Drams. Mix for a Potion.</P>
<P>In the mean while, let the Stomac be fortify'd by the Juice of Quinces, Dulcify'd Spirit of Salt, or a Draught of Generous Wine. In ca&s;e of a <HI>Tene&s;mus</HI> inject Milk-Cly|&s;ters frequently. If a Loo&s;ene&s;s be caus'd by Poy&s;on, give twelve Grains of Emerald with Con&s;erve of Quinces.</P>
<PB N="111" REF="65">
<P>The External Remedies again&s;t Loo&s;ene&s;&s;es are, <HI>Venice</HI> Treacle, mix'd with Bal&s;am of Peru and the Di&s;till'd Oyl of Ma&s;tic, &s;prinkl'd with the Di&s;till'd Oyl of Mace and Appli|ed to the Belly; or the Cru&s;t of To&s;ted Bread &s;oak'd in Vi|negar and Cover'd with Cloves and Nutmegs in Powder; or a Catapla&s;m of ye&s;t, Powder of Mint Leaves, Zedoary Cloves, Galangal, Ginger and Ro&s;e Vinegar, applied to the Navel. Fomentations of the &s;ame place with Decoctions of Aromatic Ingredients, or Inunctions with Di&s;till'd A|romatic Oyls incorporated with Expre&s;s'd Oyl of Nut|megs (applying after Inunction a hot Brick) are al&s;o proper.</P>
<P>If there be a nece&s;&s;ity of clean&s;ing the Inte&s;tines, either in the Beginning or Declen&s;ion of the Di&s;ea&s;e, give half a Dram of Rhubarb with eight Grains of Nutmegs, and three Grains of Hy&s;teric Laudanum; Or give the Decoction of Tamarinds. But the&s;e things are mo&s;t proper in the Decli|nation of the Di&s;ea&s;e; or if in the beginning, it mu&s;t be, when the humours are hurry'd into the Guts from other Parts, or the fir&s;t Pa&s;&s;ages are very foul, as when a Loo&s;e|ne&s;s proceeds from Summer Fruits.</P>
<P>If the Great Inte&s;tines are the Seat of the Evil, Cly&s;ters of Milk are proper, as al&s;o when the Per&s;on goes frequently to &s;tool and voids but little, which is a &s;ign of the Acrimony of the humor. In that ca&s;e Emollient Cly&s;ters of Chaly|beat Milk, Yelks of Eggs, Turpentin and Hony of Ro&s;es are very u&s;eful. If the Anus be excoriated, foment with Milk in which Emollient-Herbs are Boyl'd.</P>
<P>If a Loo&s;ene&s;s be occa&s;ion'd by over violent Purgation, let Laudanum Opiatum, Wormwood, Rue, E&s;&s;ence of <HI>Ve|nice</HI> Treacle mix'd with Anodyns, and Diaphoretic Pow|ders, &s;uch as Seal'd Earth, Sugar of Lead, Blood &s;tone, Di|aphoretic Antimony, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Be exhibited: Let <HI>Venice</HI> Trea|cle be applied to the Navel, or the Belly be fomented with Wine, in which Wormwood, Mint and Spices are Boyl'd. If the Per&s;on be Grip'd, or Mole&s;ted with a perpetual Itch of going to &s;tool, inject a Cly&s;ter of warm Milk in which <HI>Ve|nice</HI> Treacle is di&s;&s;olv'd.</P>
<P>If a Loo&s;ene&s;s proceed from an Error in the u&s;e of Ex|ternal things, as Summer Fruits, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> It ought not to be &s;topped unle&s;s it overbear, or cau&s;e an inappetency and weak Concoction, in which ca&s;e we exhibit the ab&s;orbent Powders with Opiats in the &s;ame method as above.</P>
<PB N="112" REF="66">
<P>If a Loo&s;ene&s;s proceed from the transferring of the mor|bific matter, to which Catarrhous Per&s;ons are obnoxious in the Night-time, and which the Ancients fancy'd to flow from the Brain; it is cur'd by aver&s;ion and derivation, by I&s;&s;ues and Bli&s;tering Plai&s;ters.</P>
<P>If a Loo&s;ene&s;s be caus'd by the &s;pontaneous cour&s;e of hu|mors, 'tis cur'd as a common Loo&s;ene&s;s, or by Chalybeat Medicines and Bathing. But the&s;e la&s;t &s;orts of Loo&s;ene&s;&s;es require no Cure, unle&s;s they prove exorbitant.</P>
</DIV5>
<DIV5 N="2" TYPE="article">
<HEAD>ART. II. <HI>Of the Di&s;ea&s;e call'd</HI> Cholera.</HEAD>
<P>A <HI>Cholera</HI> is a Di&s;ea&s;e in which the vicious humors are impetuou&s;ly thrown out both upwards and down|wards, with a violent Pain in the Stomac and Belly, di&s;ten|tion of the Hypocondria, Heartburnings, Thir&s;t, Perplexi|ty of the Brea&s;t, a &s;wift and &s;ometimes &s;mall pul&s;e, fre|quent &s;woonings, unquietne&s;s, to&s;&s;ing, a Coldne&s;s in the out|er Parts, Cold &s;weats e&s;pecially upon the forehead, pro|&s;tration of &s;trength, and at la&s;t Convul&s;ions and Hic|coughs.</P>
<P>This di&s;ea&s;e is call'd a wet <HI>Cholera,</HI> in oppo&s;ition to that call'd dry, i<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> which nothing but wind is voided upwards and downwards. It differs from a Diarrhaea only Gradual|ly, the &s;ymptoms being the &s;ame, but only mere fierce. The Cau&s;es are the &s;ame, but more Exalted and Virulent. The Seat of the illne&s;s is the <HI>Duodenum</HI> and <HI>Pylorus,</HI> where the Inraged matter irritates the Choleric and Pancreatical Pa&s;|&s;ages, thro' which the Blood being overcharg'd with Hete|regeneous particles indeavours to di&s;charge 'em.</P>
<P>The occa&s;ional Cau&s;es are the &s;ame as tho&s;e of a Loo&s;e|ne&s;s. The Corruption and Acrimony of Food in the Sto|mac, the A&s;&s;umption of &s;harp Cau&s;tic Medicines, &s;uch as Antimony, Ar&s;enic Mercury, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> And the Internal malig|nity or depravation of the humors. 'Tis an acute di&s;ea&s;e and quickly fini&s;hes its Cour&s;e. If the Excrements be Li|vid, Fetid, Black, or Corro&s;ive, if it accompany malignant Feavers, e&s;pecially in the Beginning, and if the Stomac be very much di&s;order'd, it proves fatal. It ob&s;erves a <HI>Tertian</HI> Period in its Exa&s;perations; And frequently relap&s;es after an apparent Cure.</P>
<PB N="113" REF="66">
<P>As touching the Cure; Alexipharmacal Medicines are ab|&s;olutely nece&s;&s;ary: If it proceed from corruptible and fer|menting things taken inwardly, &s;uch as Summer Fruits, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> we mu&s;t not be over-forward in &s;topping it, e&s;pecially, if &s;uch things be voided as ought to be &s;o. Far le&s;s is it allow|able to give Purgatives, for they increa&s;e the Tumult. Opiats indeed ought never to be omitted. If the Patient be ex|treme weak, give 'em in &s;mall Do&s;es, and frequently; otherwi&s;e very large Do&s;es are requir'd. We mix 'em with Bezoars, and diaphoretic Antimony. All cold drink mu&s;t be avoided. Wine is very proper. Watery diluting De|coctions are likewi&s;e very nece&s;&s;ary for eluding the edge of the Salts. In the declination of the Di&s;ea&s;e, the Stomac ought to be corroborated with proper Remedies.</P>
<P>The Remedies pre&s;crib'd in the la&s;t Article are all conve|nient here; e&s;pecially the Juice of Mint, Sal Prunel, Tincture of the golden Earth made with Spirit of Salt, (a notable a&s;tringent) prepar'd Cry&s;tal, Emerald, Chalybeats, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> If the Di&s;ea&s;e be caus'd by Poy&s;on, Oyl of &s;weet Almonds, Milk, fre&s;h Butter, and ab&s;orbent Powders, e&s;pecially pre|par'd Chry&s;tal, and &s;eal'd Earth: If it proceed from the abu&s;e of Summer Fruits, be&s;ides gentle di&s;cu&s;&s;ives and clean|&s;ers, the fix'd Salts and Earths, mix'd with Opiats, are proper. If it ari&s;e from a malign ferment, the Juices and Syrups of Pomgranats, red Corants, Barberries, Syrup of Coral, Spirit of Vitriol of Steel, &s;eal'd Earth mix'd with Spirit of Vitriol, Solar, Jovial, Martial Bezoar, Bezoardic Tincture, and &s;uch like, are convenient.</P>
<P>Opium, Dia&s;cordium, Con&s;erve of Mint, Spirit and Ex|tract of <HI>Venice</HI> Treacle, and e&s;pecially Camphyr, are the mo&s;t noted general Specifics again&s;t a Cholera. The forms of Recipe's are the &s;ame as above. As,</P>
<P>Take of <HI>Venice</HI> Treacle, a dram; &s;eal'd Earth, two Scru|ples, mix for a Bolus, to be taken in a &s;poonful of Vinegar of Wine.</P>
<P>Take of the Con&s;erve of Mint, a dram; &s;eal'd Earth, prepat'd red Coral, and prepar'd Cry&s;tal, of each half a dram; <HI>Laudanum Opiatum,</HI> two grains. With <HI>Quercetanus</HI>'s Syrup of Coral make an Electuary.</P>
<P>Take of Pur&s;lain Water, three ounces; Cinnamom Wa|ter, half an ounce; Spirit of <HI>Venice</HI> Treacle, and Dia&s;cordi|um, of each two drams; Confection Alkermes, one dram; unburnt Hart&s;horn, half a dram; Syrup of Coral &s;ix drams. Make a Potion to be given by &s;poonfuls.</P>
<PB N="114" REF="67">
<P>Take of Mint Water, two ounces; Cinnamom Water, Bezoardic Vinegar, and Spirit of <HI>Venice</HI> Treacle campho|ris'd, of each half an Ounce; with Syrup of the Juice of Citrons make a Potion.</P>
<P>The external Remedies mention'd in the la&s;t Article, are proper in this. Spirit of Wine camphoris'd, mix'd with <HI>Venice</HI> Treacle, is a noble Epithema for the Stomac, if ap|ply'd hot with &s;everal folds of Linnen.</P>
<P>If a Cholera proceed from an Error in Diet, it &s;ometimes happens, but very rarely, that a gentle clean&s;ing Medicine wou'd not be ami&s;s; Such as are Whey alter'd with &s;olu|tive Syrup of Ro&s;es, or Pulp of Tamarinds, gentle Infu&s;i|ons of Rhubarb, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> But Milk Cly&s;ters, with <HI>Venice</HI> Treacle, or Dia&s;cordium di&s;&s;olv'd in 'em, are always u&s;eful.</P>
<P>If a Cholera be caus'd by the violence of purging Medicines, Laudanum Opiatum, or Treacle, or Confection Alkermes di&s;|&s;olv'd in warm Wine, is a Sovereign Remedy. E&s;&s;ence of <HI>Venice</HI> Treacle mix'd with that of Opium, and given to forty drops twice or thrice a day, is very &s;ucce&s;sful again&s;t a Cholera caus'd by Emetics.</P>
</DIV5>
<DIV5 N="3" TYPE="article">
<HEAD>ART. III. <HI>Of a Lienteria.</HI></HEAD>
<P>A <HI>Lienteria</HI> is a Loo&s;ene&s;s, by which the Meat is &s;ent out before it be alter'd. The Cau&s;es are an Ulcer in the Stomac, or a &s;harp &s;corbutic Salt convey'd thither with the Saliva, and by the Glandules of its Membrans, or corrupt|ed Victuals, irritating the Stomac to an early contraction, and evacuation of what it contains: The Laxity of the Pylorus, occa&s;ion'd by much drinking; and the Deficiency, Lazine&s;s, and Depravation of the Stomachical ferment lea|ving the Meat undige&s;ted.</P>
<P>The u&s;e of Signs is to di&s;tingui&s;h the Cau&s;es. If the Sto|mac be irritated, there's a gnawing heat in the Stomac, ac|company'd by Vomiting. If the ferment be weak, the Appetit is dejected, the Breath fetid, and the Cavity of the Stomac and Guts mole&s;ted with Wind and Noi&s;e. A Chro|nical <HI>Lienteria</HI> exhau&s;ts the Strengh, and tends to a Con|&s;umption. If it follow other heavy Di&s;tempers, or accom|pany
<PB N="115" REF="67">a Scurvy, or &s;eize Women with Child, 'tis very dan|gerous.</P>
<P>The Indications of Cure are to corroborat the Stomac and Pylorus, by Medicines pre&s;crib'd in the fir&s;t Section of this Book; and mitigat the irritating Acrimony of Humors, by &s;uch Remedies as are us'd again&s;t a Cholera, Loo&s;e|ne&s;s, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Gentle Vomits are proper, if the Stomac be &s;tuff'd with pituitous Excrements. But &s;uch as are fat and oily ought to be avoided, for they relaxat the Fibres of the Stomac. If Vomiting be not convenient, gentle a&s;trin|gent Purgatives are allowable, &s;uch as Rhubarb, or the Pills of Aloe; or tho&s;e of Ma&s;tic. But by all means, let &s;trong Purges be prohibited. If there be any &s;u&s;picion of Poy&s;on, or if the <HI>Lienteria</HI> proceed from Summer Fruits, and &s;uch corruptible things, let Alexipharmacal Medicines be exhibited.</P>
<P>As for corroborating Medicines, &s;ee the Chapter of <HI>Vomit|ing,</HI> and that of a loo&s;ene&s;s. The Anti&s;corbutic Tincture of Coral, Allum us'd as above, and Eggs boyl'd hard, with Nutmegs and Ro&s;e Vinegar, Spirit of Salt, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> are of noted vertue for that purpo&s;e. The Irritation of the Sto|mac is cur'd by Opiats mix'd with Spices, and ab&s;orbent Powders, as in a loo&s;ene&s;s.</P>
<P>Externally we apply as above directed, in the Chapters of Inappetency, Vomiting, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
</DIV5>
<DIV5 N="4" TYPE="article">
<HEAD>ART. IV. <HI>Of the Loo&s;ene&s;s, call'd</HI> Caeliaca.</HEAD>
<P>A <HI>Caeliaca</HI> is a Loo&s;ene&s;s, by which the Chyle is voided together with the Excrements. The Stomac is not faulty, Chylification being duly perform'd there. But the blame mu&s;t either be ca&s;t on the Bile that is &s;topp'd in its Pa&s;&s;age to the Guts, or degenerat from its &s;aline Acrimony, and &s;o unfit for &s;eparating the Chyle; or on the milky Ve&s;&s;els, thro which the Chyle ought to pa&s;s, as having their Orifi|ces cover'd with &s;lime, or &s;hut by the Contraction and Cor|ro&s;ion of the Inte&s;tines by loo&s;ene&s;&s;es, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Somtimes the ob&s;truction of the Glandules of the Me&s;entery, will al&s;o cau&s;e a <HI>Caeliaca.</HI></P>
<PB N="116" REF="68">
<P>If the Bile be defective, the Excrements are white, pale, and parti-colour'd, without any &s;ign of Separation. If the ob&s;truction of the milky Ve&s;&s;els cau&s;e the Di&s;ea&s;e, the Ex|crements are ting'd yellow; and the Chyle, tho voided at the &s;ame time, is but loo&s;ely mix'd with 'em, as ha|ving been &s;eparated in the Guts, but di&s;appointed of its Pa&s;&s;age.</P>
<P>If the Bile be lazy, or its Pa&s;&s;age &s;top'd, we u&s;e the Me|dicines pre&s;crib'd for the Jaundice. If the milky Ve&s;&s;els are block'd up, we endeavour to remove the &s;lime that be&s;ets 'em by attenuating, opening Ingredients. A&s;tringents are not proper. Mint, Wormwood, the opening Roots, Rhubarb, Fennel, Ani&s;eeds, Gum Ammoniac di&s;till'd with Verdigre&s;e, Sulphur, and Oxymel, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> are fit for opening the Ob&s;tructions. After which the Tincture of Tartar, or the Tincture of the dro&s;s of <HI>Regulus Antimonii,</HI> or Chalybeat Tinctures, mix'd with the Spirit of Salarmoniac, or that of Urine, or that <HI>de tribus,</HI> are very convenient.</P>
</DIV5>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 N="3" TYPE="chapter">
<HEAD>CHAP. III. <HI>Of Depravations relating to the Expul&s;ion of Excrements by Stool.</HI></HEAD>
<DIV5 N="1" TYPE="article">
<HEAD>ART. I. <HI>Of a De&s;entery, Tene&s;mus, Hepatic Flux, and Ieching of the Anus.</HI></HEAD>
<P>A <HI>Dy&s;entery</HI> properly &s;o call'd, is a voiding of Blood and purulent Matter, with throws, and gripings. In which &s;en&s;e 'tis di&s;tingui&s;h'd from the painle&s;s evacuation of thin, watery Blood from the internal Hemor|roid Veins, call'd by the Ancien<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">s, the Hepatic Flux; and likewi&s;e from the natural di&s;charge of Blood, independent of the Guts, caus'd by its redundancy in the Body, as after Amputations, &s;uppre&s;&s;ion of the Terms, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> or by its Acri|mony
<PB N="117" REF="68">opening the Ve&s;&s;els, or the ob&s;truction of the Bow|els hindring its Circulation.</P>
<P>The Cau&s;e is &s;ome &s;harp acid, that irritates the Guts, provokes 'em to Contractions, a&s;&s;embles the Blood by ver|tue of its Provocation, and corrodes the Orifices of the Blood Ve&s;&s;els. This may proceed from the Corruption of Matter in the Guts; Summer Fruits, Sugar, Hony, new Wine, which become acid, and ferment with the Bile; Mercury, Coloquintida, Antimony, Lead, the coar&s;e Pow|der of an Adamant, Worms, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> which vellicat the Guts, and ama&s;s &s;harp humors in 'em. If the acidity and &s;harpne&s;s be owing to the&s;e Cau&s;es, the <HI>Dy&s;entery</HI> is benign and free of Contagion. But the cau&s;e of an epidemical malignant contagious loo&s;ene&s;s, is a corrupt, volatil acid, not lodg'd in the Guts, but immediately reigning in the Blood, per|verting its texture, opening the Ve&s;&s;els in&s;erted into the Guts, and provoking 'em to convul&s;ive Contractions; from whence in&s;ue a malignant Feaver, Gripings, and bloody Stools. So that tho previous Excoriations may take place in benign Dy&s;enteries, there is no occa&s;ion for 'em in the contagious malignant &s;ort. It being a &s;ufficient cau&s;e of bloody Stools, that the cau&s;tic ferment is a mortal Enemy to the Guts, like to that of Antimony, or Ar&s;enic, that perpetually thwarts and provokes 'em to Convul&s;ions. Upon which they &s;queeze out their blood together with their nutritious Juice, that they are not then in a Capacity to receive; and which is by &s;ome taken for the Mucus of the Guts, whereas the large Quantities that are voided do &s;ufficiently evince the contrary.</P>
<P>The &s;igns are the&s;e. The &s;ick Per&s;on is &s;eiz'd with un|&s;ufferable griping Pains in the Guts, follow'd by frequent &s;tools, at fir&s;t of whiti&s;h matter, afterwards of Blood and &s;lime mix'd together. When he goes to Stool, he is grie|vou&s;ly tortur'd, and the Guts and Bowels &s;eem to de&s;cend. If the Dy&s;entery be malignant, 'tis wonderfully contagious; propagating it &s;elf not only by the Breath, but by u&s;ing the &s;ame Cly&s;ter-pipe. A malignant Feaver, and all its di&s;mal Symptoms accompany it. If in the progre&s;s of the Di&s;ea&s;e, pure Blood be voided, 'tis a &s;ign of the corro&s;ion or open|ing of &s;ome large Ve&s;&s;el in the Guts, or Me&s;entery. If a Dy&s;entery be un&s;ea&s;onably &s;top'd, the Guts are inflam'd, and gangren'd; the Throat be&s;et with Wheals and Pim|ples; the <HI>Inte&s;tinum Rectum</HI> &s;ometimes mole&s;ted with a Tene&s;mus and do vnfalling, the Appetit dejected; upon
<PB REF="69" MS="y">which in&s;ue Nau&s;eating, Vomiting, the Hiccough, Watch|ings, and at la&s;t fatal Convul&s;ions.</P>
<P>If the great Guts are affected, the Pain is heavy and ob|&s;cure, &s;eated towards the &s;ides of the Belly, and quickly fol|low'd by Stools; the Excrements, Slime, and Blood, are but indifferently mix'd, and the Stomac le&s;s di&s;order'd, than when the &s;mall Guts are the &s;eat of the Evil; for then there is a notable propen&s;ion to Vomit, the pain is more pricking and &s;hooting, plac'd above and below the Navel, and not &s;o quickly follow'd by Evacuations; and the Mat|ter when evacuated, is exactly mix'd, without any &s;igns of di&s;tinction.</P>
<P>There are three degrees ob&s;ervable in a Dy&s;entery. The Symptoms of the fir&s;t, are bloody and &s;limy Stools. In the &s;econd, the &s;lime gives &s;ome &s;igns of an Excoriation; and in the third, of an Exulceration. When the Guts are excoriated, 'tis either the Cru&s;t that covers 'em, or part of their thick Tunicle, or at mo&s;t, the Caruncles or inflam'd Glandules of the Guts, that is voided.</P>
<P>If a Dyfentery be attended by a Vomiting, Hiccough, and malignant Symptoms; if the Excrements are green, black, or fetid; if the Loo&s;ene&s;s began from a green, black, cor|ro&s;ive Bile; or an acid, &s;alin, tenacious Pituita; 'tis a dan|gerous Ca&s;e. Convul&s;ions and Doatings u&s;her in Death. The voiding of Caruncles is a fatal &s;ign. The Indolency of the Guts &s;ignifies a Gangrene. If the <HI>Anus</HI> be &s;o con|tracted that nothing can enter, it be&s;peaks a fatal tumor in the <HI>Inte&s;tinum Rectum;</HI> if it hang out and open, &s;o that Cly&s;ters are not retain'd, tis Paralytic. A Feaver &s;ucceed|ing to a Dy&s;entery, is a &s;ign of the Inflammation or Cor|ruption of the Inte&s;tins. A Dy&s;entery is frequently fatal to Women with Child, unle&s;s it be very benign, and not long before the time of Delivery. If a bitter ta&s;te in the Mouth, and bilious Vomits happen in the beginning; if a Lienteria, Hiccough, wheals in the Throat, or &s;pots in the Face, happen after it has continu'd &s;ome time; and if the Inte&s;tines are ulcerated, Death is at hand. If the Per|&s;on belch or fart, 'tis a good &s;ign. If the great Guts are the proper &s;eat of the Evil, there's le&s;s danger. Sple|netic and gouty People are &s;ometimes benefited by a Dy|&s;entery.</P>
<P>Now in order to form a di&s;tinct Idea of the Cure, let us fir&s;t give ear to the following Cautions;</P>
<P N="1"><PB N="119" REF="69">1. That by all means we ought to di&s;tingui&s;h malig|nant Dy&s;enteries from &s;uch as are benign; tho&s;e from an internal Cau&s;e, from others externally occa&s;ion'd.</P>
<P N="2">2. Notwith&s;tanding the Clamors of &s;ome Authors, Nar|cotics are very proper, e&s;pecially in the beginning; but they ought to be mixt with convenient Specifics, and given in very large Do&s;es; for Per&s;ons under this Di&s;ea&s;e can bear <HI>Opium</HI> wonderfully.</P>
<P N="3">3. In malignant Dy&s;enteries laxative Medicines are very nocive; but in benign ones they're approv'd, in the begin|ning, if the Con&s;titution of the Patient be Cacochymical, or if the Dy&s;entery proceed from Summer Fruits. Rhu|barb and Whey are fitte&s;t for this purpo&s;e, but Narcotics ought to be mix'd with 'em; and likewi&s;e exhibited by them&s;elves, both the preceding and following Nights.</P>
<P N="4">4. Vomits are very dangerous; yet if the Chyle be cor|rupted, and the Stomac much oppre&s;s'd, if the Per&s;on vo|mit ea&s;ily, and have &s;ufficient Strength to undergo the Tryal, they may be ventur'd on. But withal, in a malig|nant Dy&s;entery they are ab&s;olutely noxious, unle&s;s an over|violent Purge or Poy&s;on have occa&s;ion'd it.</P>
<P N="5">5. Sudorifics are always proper in Epidemical Dy&s;en|teries, and ought never to be omitted. They are much preferable to Purgatives, or any other Medicines what|&s;oever.</P>
<P N="6">6. A&s;tringents are very offen&s;ive at fir&s;t. After the u&s;e of gentle ab&s;tergent Laxatives in benign, and that of Alexipharmacal Sudorifics in malignant Dy&s;enteries, they may be given in the declen&s;ion of the Di&s;ea&s;e, but not before.</P>
<P N="7">7. Blood-letting is to no purpo&s;e in mo&s;t ca&s;es. Nay, even in the ca&s;e of a &s;uppre&s;&s;ion of the Terms, it ought to be cautiou&s;ly attempted, if the Dy&s;entery be malig|nant.</P>
<P N="8">8. All Cly&s;ters what&s;oever, tho never &s;o &s;oftening, irri|tat the Guts in &s;ome mea&s;ure, and promote a Tene&s;mus; upon which account they ought to be very cautiou&s;ly and &s;paringly us'd. They are mo&s;t proper in the declination of the Di&s;ea&s;e, when the great Inte&s;tines are affected, or &s;tuff'd with &s;harp Humors, and when the Dy&s;entery is benign.</P>
<P N="9">9. A peculiar regard mu&s;t be always had to the Sto|mac, who&s;e good or bad Condition alone &s;tamps a hopeful
<PB N="120" REF="70">or de&s;perat Character on a Dy&s;entery. Warm Wine mode|ratly us'd, is proper for this purpo&s;e.</P>
<P N="10">10. The Feet, and external parts ought to be kept warm; for the lea&s;t Cold, or the drinking of any cold Li|quor, revives and exa&s;perats the Di&s;ea&s;e.</P>
<P N="11">11. There's nothing &s;o conducive as Re&s;t and Quiet. They ought not to &s;tir from their Beds, nor move when they are in 'em.</P>
<P N="12">12. Venery is oft-times a Sovereign Cure for a Dy|&s;entery.</P>
<P>From what is premis'd, we may infer the Indications for Cure, <HI>viz.</HI> To put a &s;top to the Irritation of the Inte&s;tins, and repair the lo&s;s they've &s;u&s;tain'd; to purify the Blood, and &s;eparat the preternatural ferment.</P>
<P>As for the particular Medicines an&s;wering the&s;e ends, we &s;hall fir&s;t run over the Specifics peculiar to this Di&s;ea&s;e. In which Cla&s;s the Pizzle of a Whale leads the Van; next is a Staggs Pizzle. They are never pounded, but only &s;hav'd. As,</P>
<P>Take of the &s;havings of a Stags Pizzle, two drams; Hy&s;teric Laudanum, nine Grains; make a Powder for two Do&s;es.</P>
<P>Take of the Decoction of a Whale's Pizzle, a Pound and a half; Cinnamom-water, an ounce; Syrup of Coral, two or three ounces. Make a Julep; of which let the Pati|ent take a Draught over Night. They may be mix'd ei|ther in Powder or Decoction with other &s;pecific and com|mon Ingredients, of which more anon.</P>
<P>The next Specific is Hart&s;horn; Its Decoction with Bur|net is commended by <HI>Riverius,</HI> for ordinary drinking. Its Gelly may be mix'd with the Gelly of Stags Pizzle, and di&s;&s;olv'd in any Liquor. Or thus;</P>
<P>Take of the Decoction of the &s;havings of a Stag's Pizzle, a Pound, Gelly of Hart&s;horn, &s;ix drams; Cinnamom-water, &s;ix drams; Syrup of Comfrey, an ounce. Make a Julep.</P>
<P>Next in order are the &s;havings of the Scull of a Man that dies a violent death, given to a dram; the Mo&s;s of the Scull, given to a &s;cruple; the Powder of a Sea-hor&s;e Tooth, or Unicorn's Horn, given to a dram; Oak Berries; Mi&s;&s;elto of the Oak: The Powder prepar'd from Elder-berries, call'd, <HI>Tragaea Granorum Actes,</HI> baken up anew with Hairs-blood, and Stag's Pizzle, and fre&s;h Juice of the Berries; the blood of a Hare kill'd by Dogs, given in Powder to a dram or by way of Infu&s;ion; a Clour &s;oak'd in it, being
<PB N="121" REF="70">infus'd in Ale or ordinary Drink: the Blood of a Lamb Kill'd after frighting, us'd after the &s;ame method; the dry'd Livers of Serpents and Vipers given to a Scruple; Cry&s;tal, the Livers of Green Frogs, an Apple excavated and fill'd with Wax and Gum Arabic and &s;o Roa&s;ted; or rather a Quince with the &s;ame Ingredients Roa&s;ted; the Dung of a Dog fed with Bones given to a Dram in Steeled Goats Milk, the Pouder of Hor&s;e-hoof given to a Dram, <HI>Satyri|um</HI> Roots by way of Infu&s;ion, the Decoction or Pouder of Cork, Wallnut-Catkins given to a Dram in Pouder, Tor|mentil, Rob of Sorbe Apples, Mineral Unicorn, Dulcify'd Earth of Vitriol taken from the Vitriol of Steel, Sulphur and its Flowers, A&s;hwood given to a Dram in warm Wine, and Allum, of which Four or Five Grains are given with Cinnamom very &s;ucce&s;sfully.</P>
<P>Thus far the mo&s;t Noted Specifics. The Common In|gredients which we u&s;ually joyn to them are the A&s;trin|gent, Styptic, ab&s;orbent and fat Oily Medicines, recom|mended again&s;t Vomiting, Loo&s;ene&s;&s;es, and the <HI>Cholera.</HI></P>
<P>Goats Milk in the beginning of the Di&s;ea&s;e is a good Ab|&s;tergent, and towards the end, Cows Milk Con&s;olidats and Heals. Chalybeat Milk with Comfrey and Tormentil Roots, or the &s;havings of Stag's Pizzle, or Rice, or Yelks of Eggs and Juice of Ivy boyl'd in it, is of excellent u&s;e. The E&s;&s;ence and Syrup of Comfrey, the Extract of <HI>Venice</HI> Treacle, or that of Tormentil given with <HI>Laudanum Opiatum</HI> at Night in Pills; The Spirit of Venice Treacle Camphoris'd; The Tincture of Coral Prepar'd with Spirit of Sa&s;&s;afras; The Tincture of the Sulphur of Vitriol; The Styptic Li|quor Prepar'd from Seal'd Earth and Spirit of Nitre, call'd, <HI>Liquor Aureus;</HI> The Tincture of Blood-&s;tone; Myrrh, and its E&s;&s;ence; Amber, and its Troches; Sugar of Lead (a Noted Specific) The Tincture Extracted from the Earth of Gold Mines by Spirit of Salt; The&s;e I &s;ay, are all Common Ingredients. A few Receipts &s;hall &s;erve for Examples.</P>
<P>In a Benign Dy&s;entery, if it be Convenient either in the Beginning or Declen&s;ion to Purge, of which we mu&s;t be ve|ry cautious; Let <HI>Laudanum Opiatum</HI> be exhibited over Night; then in the Morning take of <HI>Dia&s;cordium,</HI> a Dram; Rhubarb, two Scruples; <HI>Laudanum Opiatum,</HI> two Grains; With Syrup of Quinces make a Bolus, to be Reiterated. Or,</P>
<P>Take of Plantan Water, an Ounce; Powder of Rhu|barb, a Dram; <HI>Laudanum Opiatum,</HI> a Grain; With Syrup of Quinces make a Potion.</P>
<PB N="122" REF="71">
<P>In a Malignant Dy&s;entery let Laxatives be omitted, and pre&s;cribe thus. Take of Hart&s;horn Prepar'd without fire, a Scruple; Diaphoretic Antimony, half a Scruple; Volatil Salt of Vipers, five Grains; <HI>Laudanum Opiatum,</HI> one Grain. Mix.</P>
<P>Take of Mint Water, an Ounce; Spirit of <HI>Venice</HI> Trea|cle Camphoris'd, two Drams; Diaphoretic Antimony, a Scruple; Human Bones calcin'd, half a Scruple; Extract of <HI>Venice</HI> Treacle, five Grains; Syrup of <HI>Carduus Benedi|ctus,</HI> half an Ounce. Make a Potion for one Do&s;e.</P>
<P>In fine, the Common Pre&s;criptions again&s;t all &s;orts of Dy|&s;enteries are &s;uch as the&s;e following.</P>
<P>Take of the &s;havings of a Stag's Pizzle, half an Ounce; Comfrey Roots, Tragacanth and Nutmegs, of each three Drams; &s;eal'd Earth, Bole Armenic, Burnt Hart&s;horn and Zedoary, of each a Dram and an half. Make a Powder. You may add <HI>Laudanum Opiatum,</HI> and Oyl of Cinna|mom.</P>
<P>Take of the Extract of Tormentil, twenty four Grains; Vipers Livers, Prepar'd Crabs Eyes, of each a Scruple; Hy&s;teric <HI>Laudanum,</HI> nine Grains; Di&s;till'd Oyl of Cinna|mom, two Drops. Mix for two Do&s;es. Ye may add Troches of Amber and Prepar'd Cry&s;tal.</P>
<P>Take of <HI>Venice</HI> Treacle, a Dram; Prepar'd Blood-&s;tone, a Scruple; Dead Men's Bones Calcin'd, fifteen Grains; Su|gar of Lead, &s;ix Grains. Make a Bolus.</P>
<P>Take of the Rob of the Fruit of the Service Tree, a Dram and a half; Chalybeat-Bezoar, fifteen Grains; Dul|cify'd Earth of Vitriol, &s;ix Grains; <HI>Laudanum Opiatum,</HI> two Grains, make a Bolus.</P>
<P>Take of <HI>Dia&s;cordium,</HI> an Ounce and a half; the Shav|ings of a Whales Pizzle, three Drams; Troches of Amber, a Dram and a half; Flowers of Sulphur, a Dram. With Juice of Quinces, make an Electuary. Of which take a Convenient quantity at Morning, Noon, and Even|ing.</P>
<P>Take of Crude Allum, half a Dram; Cinnamon, an Ounce and a half. Make a Powder. Do&s;e a Scruple to be taken in Red Wine.</P>
<P>Take of Tormentil Water, two or three Ounces; Cinna|mon-Water Prepar'd with Quinces, an Ounce; Spirit of Venice Treacle Camphoris'd, three Drams; Syrup of Com|frey, an Ounce. Mix for a Vehicle to the above-mention'd Powders.</P>
<PB N="123" REF="71">
<P>Take of Plantan Water, three Ounces; Cinnamon Wa|ter, &s;ix Drams; Vinegar of Ro&s;es, half an Ounce; <HI>Dia&s;|cordium,</HI> two Drams; Troches of Amber, or tho&s;e of Seal'd Earth, half a Dram; Prepar'd Crabs Eyes two Scru|ples; Diaphoretic Antimony, a Scruple; Syrup of Myrtle|berries, or of Quinces, an Ounce: Mix. Sugar of Lead, Dulcify'd Earth of Vitriol, Extract of Tormentil and Shavings of a Dead Man's Scull, may be added or mutually &s;hifted by turns.</P>
<P>After the Symptoms are mitigated by the u&s;e of the foregoing Pre&s;criptions, it will not be improper to exhibit &s;ome healing things calculated for the Corro&s;ion or Ulcera|tion of the Inte&s;tines. Such are the Bal&s;am of Sulphur pre|par'd with Oyl of Amber or Annis, or of Juniper-berries, or of Turpentin; Bal&s;am of <HI>Peru</HI> given to half a Scruple with Sugar, or with the Yelk of an Egg: To which we may add the Vulnerary Decoctions. As,</P>
<P>Take of the Leaves of Ground-Ivy, Plantan and Tor|mentil, of each a handful; Pomgranat Flowers three little handfuls; Shavings of a Whale's Pizzle three Ounces. Boyl 'em in Black-Smiths-water. To two Pounds of the &s;train'd Liquor add Syrup of Coral, and that of Comfrey, of each three Ounces. Mix and exhibit a large Draught twice or thrice a day, with fifteen Drops of the Bal&s;am of Sul|phur.</P>
<P>As for Cly&s;ters, we ought to be very cautious of u&s;ing 'em. Anodyn Cly&s;ters for allaying the Pain, and temper|ing the &s;harp Humors, are made of Chalybeat Milk, with E|mollent Ingredients boyl'd in it, and mix'd with <HI>Lauda|num Opiatum,</HI> Turpentin, <HI>Venice</HI> Treacle, Goats Tallow and Yelks of Eggs. Pouders are not convenient, for they &s;tick to the Guts, and provoke 'em. Vulnerary Healing Cly|&s;ters are prepar'd from Vulnerary Decoctions, or the Deco|ction or Juice of River Crabs mix'd with Bal&s;am of <HI>Peru,</HI> Goats Tallow and Oyl of Lin&s;eed.</P>
<P>Externally apply a Plai&s;ter of <HI>Venice</HI> Treacle to the Bel|ly, and take of Expre&s;s'd Oyl of Nutmegs half an Ounce, Bal&s;am of Sulphur prepar'd with Oyl of <HI>Anis</HI> two Drams, Bal&s;am of <HI>Peru</HI> a Dram. Make a Liniment, and anoint the Belly.</P>
<P>Take of Oak leaves and Bran, of each three handfuls, Flowers of Chamomil and of Mullein of each two hand|fuls. Make two Quilted Bags to be dipp'd in warm Vine|gar; one large and round to be applied to the Navel, the o|ther long and &s;mall for the Breech.</P>
<PB N="124" REF="72">
<P>Some reap benefit by &s;itting upon the <HI>Caput Mortuum</HI> of Vitriol when they go to &s;tool, others by applying a Cata|pla&s;m of Ar&s;emart Leaves, bruis'd and beaten up with Cha|lybeat Wine; others by receiving the &s;moak of Burnt Harts|horn, or Vinegar, or Ginger, thrown upon burning Coals ju&s;t under their Breech, when they go to &s;tool.</P>
<P>A <HI>Tene&s;mus</HI> is a Retainer to Dy&s;enteries, being a perpe|tual but vain de&s;ire of going to &s;tool. The Immediat Cau&s;e is the irritation of the <HI>Inte&s;tinum Rectum,</HI> e&s;pecially that part of it that is &s;urrounded with the Sphincter. This Irritation may proceed by Con&s;ent or Sympathy from Ne|phritic Pains, a Stone in the Bladder, or Di&s;tention of the Womb; or E&s;&s;entially from a tenacious Corro&s;ive Acid Hu|mor thrown upon that Gut, either by a preceeding Dy&s;ente|ry, or &s;harp Purgatives; from Inflammations occa&s;ion'd by the &s;uppre&s;&s;ion of the Piles, and the Corro&s;ion of the worms call'd <HI>A&s;carides.</HI></P>
<P>An E&s;&s;ential <HI>Tene&s;mus</HI> is more dangerous than a Sympa|thetical one. If it continue long it degenerats into Ulcers and Fi&s;tula's of the <HI>Anus.</HI> In Women with Child it fre|quently cau&s;es mi&s;carriage.</P>
<P>As for the Cure. Let the Irritation be abated by Opiats. If a <HI>Tene&s;mus</HI> proceed from a &s;harp renacious humor, Ab&s;tergent Cly&s;ters and Fomentations are proper. If the Inte&s;tin be excoriated, temperat &s;oft Ingredients are requir'd.</P>
<P>Take of Mullein flowers, two handfuls; Seeds of Red Vetches, two Ounces; Salt of Tartar, a Dram; Boyl 'em in Water. To a Pound of the &s;train'd Liquor add two Ounces of Goats Tallow, and an Ounce of Hony of Ro&s;es. Mix for two Cly&s;ters. The Decoction of Worms in Milk is likewi&s;e very proper. But all Cly&s;ters ought to be injected in &s;mall quantities at a time.</P>
<P>Foment the Anus with the Decoction of Mullein flowers in Milk. Or apply a bag quilted with Toad flax and Mul|lein Leaves, and the flowers of Mullein and Chamomil, and boyl'd in Chalybeat Milk. Or let the Anus be fumigated with hot Bricks, or Iron, thrown into warm Vinegar; Or with the Decoction of Savin in Water and Vinegar; Or with Myrrh, Frankincen&s;e, Ro&s;es, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> thrown upon burning Coals.</P>
<P>If the Inte&s;tin be Ulcerated, inject Vulnerary Decoctions with the Oyl of Wax. Or anoint with a Liniment of the Oyl of Ro&s;es, and Earthworms mix'd with the Solution of Litharge in Vinegar; Or thru&s;t up a &s;uppo&s;itory of Un|guentum
<PB N="125" REF="72">Album Camphoratum, Diapompholygos, and dulcify'd Earth of Vitriol.</P>
<P>Internally the Oyl of Ma&s;tic with Mint Water, or the red Oyl of Vitriol with Broth, is much approv'd.</P>
<P>The Hepatic flux is a Painle&s;s voiding of Watry Blood from the Internal Hemorrhoid Veins, which the Ancients fancy'd to proceed from the Liver. It either follows the Excoriation caus'd by a preceeding Dy&s;entery, or is occa&s;i|on'd by the ordinary Cau&s;es of Eruption of Blood, of which el&s;ewhere. Opiats, A&s;tringents, and gentle Laxatives, e&s;pe|cially Rai&s;ins, are the Ba&s;is of its Cure.</P>
<P>Some Per&s;ons are troubled with an Itching of the Anus. If it be caus'd by the approach of any External &s;harp thing, let it be fomented with warm Milk and Ro&s;e Water. If it tend to an Ulcer apply a Liniment of Sulphur, Li|tharge, and Tragacanth mix'd with Vinegar and Oyl of Ro&s;es. Oft-times Plantan Water and Allum are al&s;o very effectual.</P>
</DIV5>
<DIV5 N="2" TYPE="article">
<HEAD>ARTIC. II. <HI>Of the Piles.</HI></HEAD>
<P>THE Hemorrhoid Veins are either Internal or External, The Internal proceed from the me&s;enteric Branch of the <HI>Vena Portae;</HI> the External from the &s;ame Branch of the <HI>Vena Cava</HI> as tho&s;e of the womb, and &s;o frequently di&s;charge the Blood that was wont to be evacuated by the terms, as in the ca&s;e of Suppre&s;&s;ion or Ce&s;&s;ation of the terms, or being with Child.</P>
<P>The Blood &s;tagnating in the&s;e Hemorrhoid Ve&s;&s;els cau&s;es oft-times a dry Inflammation, &s;traitening the Cavity of the Guts, and occa&s;ioning a prodigious Pain in voiding the Ex|crements, &s;itting, walking, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> It ri&s;es up to a great &s;wel|ling and hangs out of the Gut in various forms, &s;ometimes mi&s;taken for warts, or other occa&s;ional tumors; and if it be not di&s;cu&s;'d or open'd, degenerats into a Scirrhus, or an Ulcer.</P>
<P>If the Ve&s;&s;els give way to the Blood it runs out either by drops from the Veins, or with a full current from the Ar|teries. Sometimes this Evacuation is Natural and Periodi|cal, returning every Month or Week in Men, as the terms in Women; Sometimes 'tis Critical infering the &s;olution of an Acute Di&s;temper. Sometimes not only Blood, but a watry
<PB N="126" REF="73">humor re&s;embling the Whites in Women, is voided by the &s;ame Ve&s;&s;els. This evacuation by the Hemorrhoids for the mo&s;t part is involuntary, tho' &s;ome few by Cu&s;tom may have obtain'd a Privilege of commanding them when they will.</P>
<P>The Cau&s;e of this Flux or Stagnation of Blood is either Internal or External. The former is &s;ome &s;harp &s;alin fer|ment in the Blood, following Melancholic, Scorbutic and Splenetic Di&s;tempers, or occa&s;ion'd by &s;uppre&s;&s;ion of Blood, and &s;uch like Accidents. This vicious ferment irritats the tender Fibres, and creats an Inflammation, Pain, and other Symptoms.</P>
<P>The External Cau&s;es are, Riding, Running, Leaping, or whatever &s;tretches tho&s;e Ve&s;&s;els; any &s;udden Commoti|on of the Blood by Anger, Exerci&s;e, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Hard Labor of Women with Child, Suppre&s;&s;ion of the Terms, and the u&s;e of Ro&s;inous Purgatives, which &s;tick to the Guts, and velli|cat the Orifices of the Ve&s;&s;els.</P>
<P>The E&s;&s;ential Symptom of the Piles, is a green colour of the Face. A pain in the Loyns, without a manife&s;t Cau&s;e, progno&s;ticats their approach. They are di&s;tingui&s;h'd from &s;corbutic Evacuations of Blood, in that they are generally exa&s;perated by going to Stool, and the Blood for the mo&s;t part is voided together with the Excrements. The dry Piles are di&s;tingui&s;h'd from other Excre&s;cences, by their being of a different Sub&s;tance from the Breech, round, black, plac'd at the extremities of the Veins, and being al|together free of Fle&s;h, or Ulceration.</P>
<P>If the Piles be Chronical, or accompany Chronical Di|&s;ea&s;es, &s;uch as the Scurvy, Melancholly, Ob&s;tructions of the Bowels, and e&s;pecially Arthritic Pains, we ought to be cautious of &s;topping 'em, unle&s;s they exceed Bounds; in which ca&s;e they weaken the Body, di&s;po&s;ing it to a Drop|&s;ie or Con&s;umption, and creating an awkward aver&s;ion to Women.</P>
<P>Periodical, or u&s;ual Piles, or &s;uch as proceed from Sup|pre&s;&s;ions, ought to be promoted, and open'd if they be dry. If the Piles flow too copiou&s;ly, they ought to be &s;top'd. If the dry Piles &s;eize tho&s;e who are unacquainted with 'em, or cannot bear the lo&s;s of Blood, they ought to be di&s;cu&s;s'd. Chalybeat Medicines are in a manner proper for all the&s;e purpo&s;es, by rea&s;on that the Piles, in what condition &s;oever, are for the mo&s;t part either the fore-run|ners
<PB N="127" REF="73">or effects of Hypocondriac Di&s;ea&s;es. But to an&s;wer each Indication apart, we &s;hall begin with the fir&s;t.</P>
<P>For opening the Piles, or promoting their Flux, let the part be fir&s;t fomented with emollient Decoctions, then ap|ply the Juice of Fig-leaves bruis'd; or the Juice of Sou|bread mix'd with that of Beets; or a Liniment of Aloes, and the Juice of Onyons; or a Suppo&s;itory of <HI>Hiera Picra,</HI> with the Powder of Coloquintida, Hony, and Ox Gall; or the Decoction of River Crabs in Oyl (e&s;pecially in ca&s;e of a notable Inflammation, or Heat;) or a Catapla&s;in of Pigeons Dung with Staves-acre-&s;eeds; or the Juice of Net|tles mix'd with boyl'd &s;tale Urine &s;cum'd, and Ro&s;e-water; or (if the <HI>Anus</HI> itch) Juice of Lemons, or Vinegar of Ro|&s;es. All the&s;e Ingredients ought to be put into a leaden Mortar, till they're di&s;colour'd. But the mo&s;t effectual way of opening dry Piles, is the Application of Leeches. If they creep into the Gut, a Cly&s;ter of Salt-water will fetch 'em out.</P>
<P>Internally the &s;ame de&s;ign is promoted by re&s;inous Pur|gatives, e&s;pecially Aloe with Myrrh, or <HI>Elixir Proprietatis.</HI></P>
<P>If the Piles flow too copiou&s;ly, they ought to be curb'd, which was our &s;econd Indication. For this purpo&s;e, to&s;ted Rhubarb, Tamarinds, the Con&s;erve and Syrup of Oak-buds, the Decoction of Ma&s;tic Wood; Syrup of dry Ro&s;es (a common, but very effectual Remedy) the Syrups and Jui|ces of Pur&s;lain, and Quinces; Juice of &s;tinging Nettles, given to two or three ounces; the Decoction of Burnet; dead Mens Bones in Powder; Sea-hor&s;e Tooth, and e&s;peci|ally the Juice and Syrup of the Ordure of an A&s;s, are very proper. Chalybeat Medicines which encounter the Hypo|condriac acid, and become as it were Vitriolic, are con&s;e|quently admirably fitted for this purpo&s;e. Such are the Tin|cture of the Sulphur of Vitriol, or that call'd, <HI>Tinctura Antiphthi&s;ica,</HI> or that of the Vitriol of Steel. A dram of the Pills of <HI>Bdellium</HI> is likewi&s;e a very proper and effe|ctual Remedy. <HI>Venice</HI> Treacle and Narcotics are univer&s;al|ly known and us'd.</P>
<P>Take of Plantan and Pur&s;lain water, of each an ounce and a half; Tincture of the Sulphur of Vitriol, a dram and a half; <HI>Laudanum Opiatum,</HI> four grains; Syrup of Co|ral, &s;ix grains. Make a Potion.</P>
<P>External Repellents are Frankincen&s;e and Myrrh, or Pitch, for Fumigation; the Spunge call'd <HI>Crepitus Lupi;</HI> the compound Powder of Cork and Mummy; the Powder
<PB N="128" REF="74">of burnt Toads, or of Land Frogs; the fat that drops from a ro&s;ted Ele; a Liniment of Soot, yelks of Eggs, and Spiders Webs; Bags quilted with bruis'd Wallnuts and Oaken Leaves, and &s;oak'd in Vinegar; all applied to the Fundament. A Girdle of the Leaves of white Hellebor &s;ew'd in a Clout, with the Powder of Oak bark, is of ex|cellent u&s;e. Dulcify'd Earth of Vitriol beaten up with the Juice of Plantan; the Ointment of Litharge and Tutty mix'd with the A&s;hes of Oy&s;ters, are u&s;eful Liniments. Blooding is of no u&s;e, excepting the ca&s;e of a Sup|pre&s;&s;ion.</P>
<P>The third Indication is to di&s;cu&s;s the dry Piles, and al|lay the Pain. The Specifics for this purpo&s;e, are, the In|fu&s;ion of the Apple of <HI>Jeru&s;alem</HI> in Oyl of &s;weet Almonds, for external application; the Decoction of Mullen, and Elder-flowers in Milk; or Mullen-flowers, and Henbane|&s;eeds in Water, for Fomentation; or Catapla&s;ms of their Leaves and Flowers, and the Leaves of Pur&s;lain boyl'd in Milk; Decoctions of the Leaves and Flowers of Toad-flax, and the Flowers of Chamomil in Milk, for Fomentation. Or,</P>
<P>Take of Toad-flax, two handfuls; Henbane-leaves, half a handful; Oyl of Ro&s;es, Oyl of Mullein, of each three ounces; fre&s;h Butter, five ounces. Boyl them, and expre&s;s the Liquor, to which add a handful of the Leaves of Toad|flax; then expre&s;s again, and add the yelks of two Eggs. Make a Liniment, and anoint the part; or add to it ex|pre&s;s'd Oyl of Henbane-&s;eeds, and Sugar, or Lead, in ca&s;e of an Inflammation.</P>
<P>The Oyl of the Berries of the Herb <HI>Paris</HI> (for Women with Child) or Oyl of Stag-flies, Oyl of Wood-lice, and that of Box-wood, are very much recommended for In|unctions.</P>
<P>Take of the Mucilages of Fleawort-&s;eeds, of Quince-&s;eeds, and Lin&s;eeds, prepar'd with Ro&s;e-water, of each an ounce; fre&s;h Butter, an ounce; with the yelks of two Eggs, and Oyl of Ro&s;es; beat them in a leaden Mortar till they be|come livid, and make a Liniment of excellent u&s;e again&s;t Inflammations of the Piles. The Oyl of Eggs, Spirit of Wine camphoris'd, and Sugar of Lead may be added.</P>
<P>The Bal&s;am of Sulphur prepar'd with expre&s;s'd Oyl of Poppy-&s;eeds, or mix'd with Camphyr and Sugar of Lead, or with the Oyl of Eggs, and that of Bricks, is of very good u&s;e in External Applications. Some put <HI>Venice</HI> Treacle
<PB N="129" REF="74">mix'd with Sugar of Lead, and the Oyl of the Bal&s;am-Ap|ple, upon a Clout, and thru&s;t it into the Fundament.</P>
<P>Figwort, Orpine, and Pilewort, are three famous Speci|fics; they are given inwardly by way of Infu&s;ion, in Ale, or Wine. Their Roots are given al&s;o in Powder. Fig|wort-roots mix'd with fre&s;h Butter, and kept in a Cellar for fifteen days, yield a noble Liniment. The Juice of Pilewort externally applied, is al&s;o of excellent u&s;e.</P>
<P>Take of the Roots of Figwort and Pilewort, of each half an ounce; with Oyl of Mullen, make a Liniment.</P>
<P>If they become Chronical, let an I&s;&s;ue be cut in the Thigh. If they are ulcerated, let fulminatory Gold mix'd with Oyl of &s;weet Almonds be applied.</P>
<P>Upon the whole, 'twill not be improper to take notice of <HI>Wedelius</HI>'s Caution, <HI>viz.</HI> That Ointments are not al|ways the mo&s;t convenient forms, by rea&s;on that they in|large the Capacity of the Veins, &s;top the Tran&s;piration, and augment the Heat.</P>
</DIV5>
</DIV4>
</DIV3>
<DIV3 N="10" TYPE="section">
<PB N="130" REF="75">
<HEAD>SECT. X. <HI>Of Worms in the</HI> Guts.</HEAD>
<P>HAving di&s;cours'd of the Expul&s;ion of the Ex|crements, we come next to con&s;ider what pre|ternatural things the Guts may contain, <HI>viz.</HI> Worms. They are either long, or broad, or very &s;mall, call'd <HI>A&s;carides</HI> and confin'd to the <HI>Inte&s;ti|num Rectum.</HI></P>
<P>The immediat Cau&s;e is the &s;eed of Worms convey'd into our Bodies. The remote cau&s;e is putrify'd Crudities in the Stomac and Guts, and the deficiency or weakne&s;s of the Bile, which is the true &s;care-crow of Worms.</P>
<P>The Symptoms are an acid &s;mell in the Mouth, &s;tinking Spittle copiou&s;ly voided, and with &s;ome &s;queami&s;hne&s;s; the Excrements in Colour re&s;embling Cows-dung, the yel|lowne&s;s of the white of the Eye, or a Jaundice. Sometimes a biting pain &s;eizes and di&s;tends the Belly, e&s;pecially in a Morning; and the Per&s;on is troubl'd with night fears, gna&s;hing of Teeth, trembling, Convul&s;ions, corro&s;ion of the Gums, Con&s;umption of the Body; the Face is red, and pale by turns, the Appetit voracious and fierce; the Symptoms are exa&s;perated by acid bitter Victuals; and mitigated by Milk and &s;weet things. The Per&s;on is mole&s;ted with a dry Cough, and thir&s;t when his Belly is empty.</P>
<P>Broad Worms have this peculiar Symptom, that little things like Gourd-&s;eeds are inter&s;pers'd with the Excrements. The <HI>A&s;carides</HI> ob&s;erve the Motions of the Moon: By day they are generally quiet; but from ten a Clock at night, till Morning, they rage. Sometimes they'll corrode the Buttocks and Thighs, and creat Ulcers in the <HI>Anus,</HI> and <HI>Inte&s;tinum Rectum.</HI></P>
<P>The broad &s;ort are expell'd with the greate&s;t difficulty. Worms frequently introduce trouble&s;om Di&s;ea&s;es. If in the beginning of a Di&s;ea&s;e they throw them&s;elves out, 'tis a &s;ign of great malignity within. In the Declen&s;ion, or after Concoction, 'tis look'd upon as a good &s;ign.</P>
<PB N="131" REF="75" MS="y">
<P>In the Di&s;ea&s;es of Children, Worms are always &s;u&s;pected. All &s;orts of Worms ought to be attack'd during the wane of the Moon. Jalap, Rhubarb, and &s;weet Mercury are pro|per Purges. The Specifics are Hor&s;e-Radi&s;hes, Water-Cre&s;&s;es, Centory, Wormwood, Peach-flowers, Turn&s;il, Flowers of St. <HI>John's</HI>-wort, Savin, Water-Germander, Gen|tian, Zedoary, Onyons, Garlic, Leeks, Myrrh, Aloes, Spi|rit of Hart&s;horn; the Decoction of Quick&s;ilver in Onyon or Garlick-water; or Quick&s;ilver beat up with Sugar to a Powder, of which half a dram is a Do&s;e; the Oyls of Ha|zel and Juniper-woods; the acid Spirits mix'd with fair Water, &s;uch as that of Vitriol, of Sulphur, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P>While the Worms are lodg'd in the &s;mall Guts, inject Cly|&s;ters of Milk, and the Decoctions of Figs, Rai&s;ins, Liquorice, Hony, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> to invite 'em to come down. If they're arriv'd at the great Inte&s;tins, kill 'em with Cly&s;ters of the Deco|ction of Gentian, Wormwood, Gra&s;s-roots, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P>In the mean while apply to the Belly, the Gall of a Bull mix'd with Powder of Coloquintida; or a Catapla&s;m of Myrrh, Aloe, Vinegar of Ro&s;es, and Bull's Gall; or Rock Oyl, and Oyl of Hazel-wood, with <HI>Hiera Picra;</HI> or the Ointment of Soubread with Quick&s;ilver.</P>
<P>The broad Worms are cur'd by the Juice of Hor&s;e-radi&s;hes, and the Powder of Jalap with Worm-&s;eed. The <HI>A&s;carides</HI> require Suppo&s;itories of Dutch Chee&s;e, or Lard and Hony; and Cly&s;ters of Coloquintida.</P>
</DIV3>
<DIV3 N="11" TYPE="section">
<PB N="132" REF="76">
<HEAD>SECT. XI. <HI>Of Pains in the Guts, and particu|larly of the</HI> Colic.</HEAD>
<P>WHEN the Guts are irritated, and &s;uffer wring|ing Convul&s;ions, they are mole&s;ted with a pain call'd <HI>Gripings.</HI> Sometimes the&s;e Pains reach only the &s;mall Inte&s;tins, and then their Station is about the Navel, and Center of the Belly, and are much more violent than tho&s;e in the great Guts; If they range not beyond the <HI>Duodenum</HI> or beginning of the <HI>Jejunum,</HI> they are felt in the Loyns bending towards the right Hypochondrium, and are oftimes mi&s;taken for Nephritic Pains, or tho&s;e caus'd by the Convul&s;ions of the me&s;enteric Nerves, or the Tumors and Ulcers of the <HI>Pancreas.</HI></P>
<P>The Pains in the great Guts are for the mo&s;t part felt in the Colon, e&s;pecially that part of it towards the Circumfe|rence of the Belly, upon the left &s;ide, where 'tis &s;traitned, and incurvated, and con&s;equently more liable to the &s;hocks of Wind, and more apt to &s;top the Circulation of the Excrements, and cau&s;e their &s;welling up into a Tu|mor, &s;ometimes hard, &s;ometimes &s;oft. This Pain and Tu|mor is frequently imputed to the Spleen, whereas the Spleen is incapable of any &s;hooting, pricking pain, &s;uch as this is; its Membran being almo&s;t in&s;en&s;ible; and be&s;ides, it lies too low to di&s;play its tumor externally. Moreover, this pain is exa&s;perated by riding immediately after eating; and tho it may be compatible to the <HI>Jejunum</HI> in the left cor|ner, from whence it runs to the Center of the Belly, yet the Colon is its u&s;ual Seat. And &s;ometimes it veers about to the right &s;ide of the Belly (upon the outermo&s;t Circum|ference) where the &s;ame Colon pur&s;ues its Cour&s;e.</P>
<P>This la&s;t mention'd Pain is a Colic, properly &s;o call'd; but for &s;omuch as the generality of Writers do comprehend the former under the &s;ame Title, I &s;hall not depart from
<PB N="133" REF="76">the u&s;ual Mea&s;ures of pre&s;cribing their Cure without Di&s;tin|ction, e&s;pecially con&s;idering that the &s;ame is the cau&s;e of both.</P>
<P>Tho the Pains of the Guts be equally cau&s;ed by Con|vul&s;ions and Contractions, yet the difference of antecedent Cau&s;es requires Con&s;ideration. The&s;e I ca&s;t into two Heads. 1. Some irritating matter provoking the Guts to &s;uch Convul&s;ions. 2. The di&s;order and unea&s;ine&s;s of the Nerves in&s;erted into the Guts, while they them&s;elves are faultle&s;s, as to the matter contain'd in 'em.</P>
<P>If the Irritating humor be a vi&s;cous acid mucilage, or hard Excrements fa&s;ten'd to the pleats of the Guts, it cre|ats a fix'd boring &s;ort of Pain; its vi&s;cidity &s;ettles it in one &s;tation, and its acidity acts the boring part. This humor cau&s;es the common Colic. It &s;culks for mo&s;t part in that corner of the Colon towards the left &s;ide of the Belly, where 'tis contracted and bended downwards. It is inci|dent to Hypocondriac acid Con&s;titutions, and requires much the &s;ame &s;ort of attenuating Medicines. If this acid acquire any notable &s;harpne&s;s, it &s;hoots and pricks as it were with a Needle. If the humor be a vi&s;cous matter hatching an impri&s;on'd acid, it cau&s;es Wind, and con&s;equently di&s;tend|ing Pains; &s;uppo&s;ing &s;till that the Inte&s;tins are mole&s;ted with convul&s;ive Contractions which &s;top the Egre&s;s, and occa&s;ion the rebounding of the Wind. If the humor be al|together vi&s;cid without any acrimony, it cau&s;es a heavy dull Pain. If the irritating cau&s;e be Worms, or &s;ome &s;harp &s;alti&s;h acid, it gnaws the Guts. If the Guts are inflam'd, or the Arteries contracted by the Convul&s;ions, they occa&s;ion a beating &s;ort of Pain.</P>
<P>The Di&s;orders and Convul&s;ions of the Nerves running from the great Me&s;enteric <HI>Plexus,</HI> will cau&s;e tearing, wring|ing, and contracting Pains. They are occa&s;ion'd &s;ome|times accidentally, as by Nephritic Pains, and Child-birth, when the Me&s;enteric <HI>Plexus</HI> being irritated by vertue of its near intercour&s;e with the Nerves of the Kidnies and the Womb, pulls and contracts both the Stomac and Guts, which it &s;upplies with Nerves. At other times they are Retainers to &s;ome fix'd permanent habitual Cau&s;e, that tho it lye latent for &s;ome time, has always an a&s;cendant in the Body. The&s;e are either Scorbutic, or Hypochondriac, or Hy&s;teric, or Nephritic, and are owing to the Convul&s;ions of the Me&s;enteric <HI>Plexus,</HI> to which the Inte&s;tins are annex'd, it being gall'd with an offen&s;ive acid; oftimes the Nerves
<PB N="134" REF="77">of the Throat are likewi&s;e contracted at the &s;ame time, oc|ca&s;ioning a difficult Re&s;piration, and a &s;ort of Suffocation. Of this nature likewi&s;e are the griping Pains which follow an irregular Cure of Feavers, as being caus'd by tran&s;|ferring the morbific Matter to the Glandules of the Me&s;en|tery, and the &s;ub&s;equent Irritations of its Nerves.</P>
<P>Both the&s;e &s;orts of Pains, <HI>viz.</HI> tho&s;e caus'd by a vicious humor in the Inte&s;tins, and tho&s;e by a foreign irritation of their Nerves, are equally attended by the &s;ucce&s;&s;ive re|turns of Cold and Heat. The Cold proceeds from the Vellication of the Membrans, when 'tis univer&s;al; or the prevalency of the acid Juice of the <HI>Pancreas,</HI> when it is chiefly felt about the Loyns. The heat from the impetuo|&s;ity of the Spirits, and the acceleration of the Bloods mo|tion; or, when the humor is lodg'd in the Duodenum, from the prevalency of the Bile, or its &s;trugling with the Juice of the Pancreas, and accordingly it is mo&s;t perceivable in that place. The Belly is frequently co&s;tive, by rea&s;on of the Contractions of the Guts. If it happen to be &s;oluble, the Colic from the humors in the Guts is mitigated; but that from a mere irritation receives no benefit. Oftimes the Nerves of the Stomac are influenc'd by the me&s;enteric Plexus, and a Vomiting in&s;ues.</P>
<P>If the Urine be watry, 'tis a Nephritic Colic; if 'tis highly tinctur'd towards the middle, and colour'd in the &s;urface, and the <HI>Anus</HI> ob&s;tinatly &s;hut, 'tis a Scorbutic Co|lic; if Re&s;piration be difficult, and the Brea&s;t Perplex'd, 'tis Hy&s;teric; if the Convul&s;ion of the Inte&s;tins be attended by a Pain reaching to the Pubes, and Haunch-bone, the Womb is di&s;order'd. If the Colic be caus'd by the mere irritation of the Nerves, the Pain is tearing, and not heavy or dull, and the Urine is milky and pale, impregnated with a large Sediment.</P>
<P>A Colic is di&s;tingui&s;h'd from &s;imple Nephritic Pains by the&s;e Symptoms. After eating, or the u&s;e of Aromatics, 'tis mitigated; the Urine undergoes no &s;udden Changes, tho a Strangury and high Color may attend the Scorbutic &s;ort; Cly&s;ters and Evacuations give ea&s;e, and the heavy Pain does not ince&s;&s;antly mole&s;t the Loyns: Now the Symptoms of Nephritic Pains are directly contrary to the&s;e.</P>
<P>The Cau&s;es of Colics are already hinted at. In general, &s;ome noxious acid either irritats the Nerves, being &s;eated in the <HI>Plexus</HI> of the Me&s;entery, or reigning in the Guts. The Pancreatic Juice is of that nature. The Bile is of a con|trary
<PB N="135" REF="77">diluting quality, and do's not of it &s;elf cau&s;e Colic Pains, unle&s;s it become black, ru&s;ty, and green, as in the Bilious Colics. The Remote Cau&s;es are whatever promotes Cor|ruption in the Stomac or Guts, increa&s;es or exalts an Acid, or Creates an unea&s;ine&s;s to the Guts and Membrans of the Body. Of the&s;e more under the Head of Iliac Pa&s;&s;i|ons.</P>
<P>A Bilious Colic, or that proceeding from humors in the Guts is of a meek Character, unle&s;s it be flatulent. Some|times it Degenerats into Ulcers. If the body be very co|&s;tive and the Anus retracted, 'tis a fatal &s;ymptom and por|tends an Iliac. Hoar&s;ene&s;s and Vomiting are bad Symp|toms. Convul&s;ive Colics, e&s;pecially the Scorbutic Kind, are very dangerous and ob&s;tinat, and frequently end in Epi|lep&s;ies, or &s;ome &s;uch di&s;order of the Head.</P>
<P>The Cure is endeavour'd both during the Paroxy&s;m, and after its di&s;appearance. In the Paroxy&s;m, the Indications are to allay the Irritation of the Guts, correct and evacuate the peccant Matter, if the Colic proceed from vicious Humors, and redre&s;s the Di&s;orders of the Nerves, if it be Convul|&s;ive.</P>
<P>In order to compa&s;s the&s;e Ends, 1. The Belly ought to be kept open with Cly&s;ters, e&s;pecially if the Colic proceed from Vicious Humors in the Guts, or if the Great Guts be their Habitation. If the Small Guts are affected, gentle Lax|atives taken by the Mouth, are much preferable. In Con|vul&s;ive Colics we may inject emollient Anodyn Cly&s;ters of Turpentine, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> But when a Humor, or harden'd Or|dure prevails in the great Guts, we may add &s;harp Purging Ingredients. As,</P>
<P>Take of the Decoction of Pea&s;e Eight Ounces, Infu&s;ion of <HI>Crocus Metallorum</HI> two or three OUnces, Lenitive E|lectuary, or Oyl of Olives an ounce. Mix for a Cly&s;ter. When the great Guts are afflicted by hard Excrements, &s;ome add the Extract of the greater Common Spurge, in|&s;tead of the Antimonial Infu&s;ion. The Smoak of Tobac|co is al&s;o proper for the &s;ame purpo&s;e.</P>
<P>For Convul&s;ive Colics, Take of the Emollent Decoction one Pound, Turpentine di&s;&s;olv'd with the Yelk of an Egg, two, three or four ounces, &s;train'd Hony &s;ix or eight Drams. Make a Cly&s;ter. The Oyl of Lin&s;eed and Rape-Oyl are likewi&s;e very proper. For old Per&s;ons an Anodyn Cly&s;ter may be prepar'd of <HI>Spani&s;h</HI> VVine and Oyl of Cha|momil.</P>
<PB N="136" REF="78">
<P>For a Flatulent Colic; Take of Bay Leaves, a hand|ful; Chamomil flowers a handful and a half; Angelica, or Lovage Roots, &s;ix Drams; The four le&s;&s;er hot Seeds, of each two Drams; Boyl them in fair Water. To ten Ounces of the &s;train'd Liquor add Electuary of Bayberries, &s;ix Drams; <HI>Venice</HI> Treacle, one or two Drams; Di&s;till'd Oyls of Angelica, Caraways, Cummin&s;eed, and Bayberries, of each three or four drops. With the Yelk of one Egg; Make two Cly&s;ters, to be injected at two &s;everal times, by rea&s;on of the wind di&s;turbing the Injection. Or,</P>
<P>Take of the Carminative Decoction, &s;ix Ounces; Man's Urine, four Ounces; Ye&s;t, a Dram; Common Salt, a Scru|ple; Hony of Ro&s;es, an Ounce. Make a Cly&s;ter in flatu|lent Colics.</P>
<P>In the beginning of the Di&s;ea&s;e, Gentle Emollient, Ano|dyn Cly&s;ters are not improper in any Colic. As, take of Henbane Leaves, a handful; Boyl them in Milk; To ten Ounces of the Decoction, add an Ounce of the Honey of Ro&s;es. Mix for a Cly&s;ter.</P>
<P>Afterwards when we have di&s;cover'd that vicious matter, or hard Excrements are Lodg'd in the great Guts, we may pre&s;<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters"> be Emollient Cly&s;ters &s;harpen'd with Sal Gem, and if the&s;e prove ineffectual add &s;harp Purgatives as above. If the Anus be much retracted, and threaten an Iliac, let Cly|&s;ters be &s;paringly us'd, as likewi&s;e in all true Convul&s;ive Colics.</P>
<P N="2">2. If the Inte&s;tines are much Contracted, either by fo|reign Convul&s;ions or vicious matter within, proper Purga|tires ought to be avoided; for they promote the Contra|ction and Lock up the Excrements clo&s;er. In this ca&s;e Whey, or an Ounce of the Oyl of &s;weet Almonds, with <HI>Spani&s;h</HI> Wine and <HI>Sperma Caeti,</HI> are more effectual than the &s;tronge&s;t Purgatives. If the Guts be inflamed, all Laxa|tives what&s;oever are Pernicious. If the Colic proceed from a tenacious vi&s;cid humor, and be attended by a heavy Boring pain, Purgatives mix'd with attenuating Ingredients are al|lowable, tho rather after the Fit has made &s;ome progre&s;s, and the Symptoms are a little abated, than ju&s;t in the be|ginning, e&s;pecially if the Pain be very Violent. The &s;afer way is to begin with Emollient Ab&s;tergent Pre&s;criptions, &s;uch as that of the Oyl of Almonds and Wine, and <HI>Sperma Caeti;</HI> and then after &s;ome time pre&s;cribe thus.</P>
<PB N="137" REF="78">
<P>Take of Mint Water, an ounce and a half; Cinnamon Water, half an ounce; Gum Ammoniac di&s;&s;olv'd in Vine|gar, half a dram; Tartar Vitriolated, fifteen Grains; Scammony Sulphurated, and Troches Alhandal, of each two Grains; Solutive Syrup of Ro&s;es, or of Apples, half an ounce. Make a Potion for a Colic, proceeding from a tenacious acid humor in the Guts. In the Declen&s;ion of the Fit, 'tis expedient to exhibit &s;weet Mercury with the Pills of <HI>Hera</HI> with <HI>Agaric,</HI> for di&s;&s;olving and wa&s;hing off the remains of the vi&s;cous Acid. Or, if in the beginning of the Fit it be &s;afe or convenient to Purge, let <HI>Laudanum Opiatum</HI> be added. As,</P>
<P>Take of Gum Ammoniac di&s;&s;olv'd in Vinegar, a dram; Diagrydium &s;ix Grains; <HI>Laudanum Opiatum,</HI> four or five Grains. Mix, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Fulminatory Gold is likewi&s;e a proper Ingredient. After the Paroxy&s;m is over Sudorifics and Pur|gatives mix'd together are not improper.</P>
<P N="3">3. If the Stomac and upper Guts are &s;tuff'd with pec|cant matter, Vomits are very u&s;eful. If the pain bear downwards, they are very Pernicious.</P>
<P N="4">4. Narcotics, e&s;pecially Hy&s;teric Laudanum, are very u&s;e|ful in Convul&s;ive Colics and &s;uch as proceed from a thin fie|ry humor. They are given in the beginning and during the increa&s;e of the fit, while the Patient has yet &s;trength &s;uf|ficient. In ca&s;e of a vi&s;cous acid humor they are not &s;o proper till the Guts be cleans'd by Purgatives, unle&s;s the Violence of Symptoms require 'em. The better way is to mix 'em with the Purgatives, and exhibit 'em al&s;o after Pur|gation. Or to give 'em before Purging, &s;o as that they have not fini&s;h'd their office till the &s;ucceeding Purge joyn 'em.</P>
<P N="5">5. The Stomac and Feet ought to be well Arm'd again&s;t Cold; and all Cold Liquors avoided; for &s;ometimes they cau&s;e a Colic, and in that ca&s;e a large draught of Juniper Water is a Sovereign Remedy. 'Tis true, there are &s;ome In&s;tances of Colics cur'd by drinking Cold Water, which perhaps relaxats the contracted Guts. But 'tis an acci|dental ca&s;e, and ought not to be look'd upon as a prece|dent.</P>
<P N="6">6. When the Belly is open'd, if the Symptoms do not di&s;appear, let Aromatic Ingredients be us'd; as being ad|mirably fitted for tempering the acid, attenuating the vi&s;|cid matter, di&s;cu&s;&s;ing Wind, and fortifying the Nerves again&s;t Convul&s;ions. Such are, Male Speedwell, Chamo|mil, its Decoction in Water, or its Oyl taken inwardly,
<PB N="138" REF="79">Clary, Orange Peel, Zedoary, Garlic, Gentian, Elecampane, Wormwood, the four large hot-&s;eeds, Ca&s;tor, Sulphur, Hor&s;e Dung and Stones; Spirit of Sal-armoniac, Spirit of Trea|cle Camphoris'd, Spirit of Tartar, Spirit of Hart&s;horn, the Carminative Spirit de tribus, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Some commend the De|coction of Wormwood, Elecampane Roots, and Orange Peel, with mithridat.</P>
<P>Take of Chamomil and Elder flowers; Leaves of Mint, and dry'd Rue, of each three handfuls; fre&s;h Juniper ber|ries two ounces and a half, Bay berries Peel'd, &s;ix drams; Cummin Seeds, an ounce; Anis and Fennel Seed, of each half an ounce; Aromatic Calamus, an ounce and a half; The yellow part of Orange Peel, three ounces; Cinnamon &s;ix drams, Zedoary, three drams; Pound them well, and &s;prinkle 'em with &s;ix drams of rectify'd Spirit of Wine. In|fu&s;e them in a &s;ufficient Quantiy of Spirit of Wine, not over|rectify'd, for the &s;pace of twelve hours over a gentle heat of Sand; then Di&s;til &s;lowly. Do&s;e a &s;poonful or two.</P>
<P>Take of the Waters of Ani&s;ed, and Chamomil flowers, of each two ounces; Cinnamon Water, an ounce; Spirit of Zedoary, half an ounce; Dulcify'd Spirit of Nitre, two drams; Di&s;till'd Oyl of Anis, &s;ix drops; <HI>Laudanum Opia|tum,</HI> two Grains; Syrup of Orange Peel, an ounce. Make a Potion to be taken by &s;poonfuls in Bilious Colics.</P>
<P>Take of the Waters of Chamomil flowers, Mint and Penny Royal, of each an ounce; E&s;&s;ence of Ca&s;tor, two or three drams; Spirit of Hart&s;horn Succinated, or Spirit of Sal-ar|moniac, a dram and a half; <HI>Laudanum Opiatum,</HI> three Grains; Syrup of Mugwort, an ounce. Mix for two or three Do&s;es in Convul&s;ive Colics.</P>
<P>Take of Chamomil Water, two drams; Mint Water, an ounce; E&s;&s;ence of <HI>Opium,</HI> half a dram; Jaw bone of a Pike, a dram; Volatil Salt of Hart&s;horn, fifteen Grains; Syrup of Fennel, three drams. Mix and give a &s;poonful now and then, in Convul&s;ive Colics.</P>
<P>Take of the flowers of Sulphur, two drams; Jaw bone of a Pike, a dram; Di&s;till'd Oyls of Caraways, Cummin &s;eed and Fennel &s;eed, of each four drops; <HI>Laudanum Opiatum,</HI> four Grains, Make a Powder for three, four, or five Do&s;es, in the Colics that proceed from humors.</P>
<P>In Nephritic Colics, Pills of Turpentin are very proper. If the Gripings are attended by a burning heat the dulci|fy'd Spirit of Nitre; If by a Coldne&s;s, the fix'd &s;alts, and ab&s;orbent Powders, are u&s;eful.</P>
<PB N="139" REF="79">
<P>Take of the &s;havings of Ivory, two &s;cruples; Prepar'd red Coral, and Crabs Eyes, of each a &s;cruple; Seal'd Earth, twelve Grains; the Di&s;till'd Oyl of Orange Peel, the Di|&s;till'd Oyls of Anis, Caraways, Fennel, and Zedoary, of each a drop. Make a Powder for two Do&s;es.</P>
<P>Take of Ca&s;tor, half a &s;cruple; Volatil Salt of Amber, five Grains; <HI>Laudanum Opiatum,</HI> a Grain or two, Make a Powder for Convul&s;ive Colics. Or,</P>
<P>Take of the Tincture of Tartar, half an ounce; E&s;&s;ence of Gum Ammoniac, three drams; E&s;&s;ence of Myrrh Tar|taris'd, a dram and a half. Mix, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Do&s;e fifty drops. <HI>Elixyr Proprietatis,</HI> E&s;&s;ence of Ca&s;tor, or that of <HI>Opium</HI> may be added by turns. Pills of the Extract of Ca&s;tor, and that of Venice Treacle, mix'd with &s;ome convenient Oyl are very proper. The Decoction, E&s;&s;ence, Powder and Oyl of Orange Peel, (e&s;pecially in a &s;trangury) and all Preparations from Clary; are of Sovereign u&s;e in all Colics. The flow|ers of &s;ulphur are of unknown Vertue; if mix'd with Myrrh, or Di&s;till'd Oyls. Spirit of Nitre well rectify'd with Spirit of Wine di&s;till'd from aromatic Ingredi|ents, is an incomparable thing in all hot Colics. 'Tis given with the Decoction of Elecampane Roots for a Vehicle. The Oyl or Spirit of Turpentin, dige&s;ted with Juniper Berries and Flowers of St. <HI>Johns</HI> wort (which by the way are po&s;&s;e&s;s'd of a rich Oyl) is given again&s;t the Colics caus'd by hu|mors in the Guts, to a &s;cruple, with wonderful &s;ucce&s;s. The Carminative Spirit made of Nitre Tartar and Spirit of Urine, given to half a dram in &s;ome warm Vehicle, is likewi&s;e much applauded. The Powder of Hor&s;e's Stones given to a dram in Lilly Convally Water with a little Saffron; the &s;havings of a Bull's Pizzle given to a &s;cruple in <HI>Spani&s;h</HI> Wine, the Powder of Soot mix'd with Vinegar, or its Spi|rit, are all approv'd Remedies. Sugar of Lead is excellent where acidity prevails. As the juice of Hor&s;e Dung, or that of other Bea&s;ts, mix'd with warm Ale, is inferior to no Medicine in that Ca&s;e. After taking any of the&s;e Medi|cines the Patient ought to be very quiet, and make ac|count to &s;weat.</P>
<P>If a Colic tend to a Pal&s;y of the Guts, let &s;harp Cly|&s;ters be injected; and Volatil Salts exhibited, &s;uch as that of Urine, Spirit of Hart&s;horn or of Sal-armoniac, and e&s;peci|ally the Volatil Spirit of Tartar, or which is yet more Vo|latil, the Spirit Di&s;till'd from the Dregs of Wine. In a &s;corbutic Colic let Volatil Salts and Anti&s;corbutic Ingredi|ents
<PB N="140" REF="80">be added. In a Colic caus'd by any External error, Laxatives mix'd. With Ab&s;orbents are proper. If cold or Drinking occa&s;ion it, give Pepper and Spirit of Wine.</P>
<P>As for External Applications again&s;t Colic<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">. Let the Bel|ly and Navel be well fomented with Li<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="3 letters">ents of expre&s;s'd Oyls mix'd with tho&s;e that are Di&s;till<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters"> and afterwards cover it with a hot Brick. The fot of a Wild Cat and Zi|vet is much approv'd for this u&s;e. As al&s;o Galbanum melted and mix'd with the Di&s;till'd Oyls of Spike and Amber. Plai|&s;ters made of Tacamahac, Bal&s;am of Peru, or that of Bay berries with that of Tobacco; Catapla&s;ms of Hor&s;e Dung with Oyl of Rue; And Quilted Bags of Millet&s;eeds, or of Anodyn and Aromatic Ingredients; are likewi&s;e applied to the belly with good &s;ucce&s;s.</P>
<P>Take of the Oyls of Bays, of Dill and of Chamomil, of each half an ounce; Galbanum, a dram; Di&s;till'd Oyl of Amber, half a dram; Di&s;till'd Oyls of Caraways, Cum|min and Fennel, of each half a &s;cruple. Make a Liniment. The Oyl of Orange Peel, the Di&s;till'd Oyl of Angelica, and the Oyl of Ca&s;tor, or Powders of Ca&s;tor are al&s;o pro|per Ingredients. The Oyl of Soap and white Rock Oyl, are of excellent u&s;e Externally in all Convul&s;ive Colics.</P>
<P>Take of the tops of Henbane, and Elder Flowers, of each two handfuls; Chamomil flowers three or four handfuls; fre&s;h Juniper berries, two ounces. Make a Quilted Bag to be infus'd in hot Wine, or boyl'd in Goats Milk, and ap|plied to the Belly, and frequently reiterated, e&s;pecially in Scorbutic Colics.</P>
<P>Take of the Leaves of Bays and Rue, of each three handfuls; Tops of Dill and le&s;&s;er Centory, flowers of <HI>Ro|man</HI> Chamomil, Elder flowers, of each half a handful; An|gelica and Lovage Roots, of each two ounces; Bay berries, an ounce; Juniper berries, half an ounce; the four greater hot &s;eeds, of each two drams. Boyl them in Wine for a Bag. Some choo&s;e to apply Bags of Oats, Juniper berries, and Coriander &s;eeds. Others apply a little Puppy to the Belly.</P>
<P>So much for the cure of a Colic fit. After the fit is over, let Diuretic and Garminative Medicines be us'd. The &s;olu|tion of Steel with the juice of Apples, the Spirit of Sal-ar|moniac, and, to robu&s;t Con&s;titutions, the Solar Liquor of Steel, are then very u&s;eful.</P>
</DIV3>
<DIV3 N="12" TYPE="section">
<PB N="141" REF="80">
<HEAD>SECT. XII. <HI>Of the Vicious Po&s;tures of the Guts.</HI></HEAD>
<DIV4 N="1" TYPE="chapter">
<HEAD>CHAP. I. <HI>Of Ruptures.</HI></HEAD>
<P>THE Caul and Guts are wrap'd into the <HI>Peritonaeum.</HI> If this Membran be relaxated or broke, they fall out upon the Infirm Part, either &s;eparately, or both together. The Guts, which are liable to this Eruption, are the <HI>Jejunum</HI> and <HI>Ileum.</HI> The great Guts are &s;ecure from that danger, as being more firmly fa&s;tned. This Relaxation of the <HI>Perito|naeum,</HI> happens for the mo&s;t part in one of its two Proce&s;&s;es, the one &s;urrounding the Umbilical, the other the Spermatic Ve&s;&s;els. The Bur&s;ting at the Navel is &s;ometimes caus'd by hard Labour in Child-birth. Vomiting, Jumping, crying aloud, carrying of heavy Burthens, Coughing, Sneezing, violent Purgations, or whatever divides or &s;tretches the Mem|bran of the <HI>Peritonaeum,</HI> are the General Cau&s;es of all Rup|tures.</P>
<P>Children, who&s;e Membrans are tender, and mo&s;t expos'd to Violence, are very obnoxious to this Di&s;ea&s;e. Some|times the Infirmity is Hereditary, or produc'd by Internal Cau&s;es, but withal very rarely. If the Proce&s;s of the <HI>Pe|ritonaeum</HI> &s;urrounding the Spermatic Ve&s;&s;els, be dilated, ei|ther the Caul, or the Guts, or both, fall down either upon the Groyn, or into the Cod. If the Membran be quite broke, they &s;top about the Mu&s;cles of the Groyn. But if it be only dilated, they trace its Progre&s;s to the Cod.
<PB N="142" REF="81">Sometimes, but very rarely, this bur&s;ting falls out upon the &s;ides of the belly, or upon the Loyns, or thro a Breach in the Womb. And Surgeons ought to be very cautious that they be not impos'd upon by it, under the appearance of an Ulcer in tho&s;e unwonted Places. The Stones &s;ometimes are drawn into the Groyn, and Re&s;emble a Rupture, and are oft times taken either for that, or an Impo&s;thume.</P>
<P>A Rupture therefore is a &s;oft Tumor, &s;ometimes decrea|&s;ing, &s;ometimes increa&s;ing. If it be Recent, it di&s;appears when the Patient lies on his Back, and returns when he &s;tands upright. For the mo&s;t part 'tis Painle&s;s, and ea&s;y to put up, unle&s;s the Gut be inflam'd, or mole&s;ted with Wind, or harden'd Excrements. And be&s;ides, it increa&s;es, if the Pa|tient cough. By the&s;e Signs it is di&s;tingui&s;h'd from Bubo's, or the Te&s;ticle &s;ticking in the Pa&s;&s;age.</P>
<P>If the Gut be irritated either externally by Cold, Brui&s;es, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Or Internally by Wind, hard Excrements, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Iliac or Colic Pains in&s;ue and are very fatal; as likewi&s;e Inflam|mations, or Gangrenes, or Suppuration of the Gut. In adult People, 'tis a difficult matter to cure a Rupture, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> A Hic|cough following a painful and &s;udden Bur&s;ting is a fatal &s;ymptom. If it be caus'd by cold, 'tis very dangerous.</P>
<P>The cure is perform'd by putting up the Caul or Gut, fortifying it in its proper Station, and healing the Breach, or contracting the Width of the <HI>Peritonaeum.</HI></P>
<P>Purgatives are pernicious. If the great Guts are mole&s;ted with Wind, or the Belly co&s;tive, let Cly&s;ters be injected. Flatulency promotes and exa&s;perates the Di&s;ea&s;e, and there|fore ought to be particularly &s;ubdu'd by Carminative and Precipitating Medicines. In putting up the Gut, we ought to handle it very tenderly, and very &s;eldom, for fear of Ir|ritation, and place the Patient's Feet higher than his Head. All things us'd either Internally or Externally, ought to be Lukewarm. Solid Victuals ought to be avoided, and Liquid Food chiefly us'd. If the Gut be hard, let it be Fomented with Emollient Decoctions; for the hardne&s;s proceeds for the mo&s;t part from its Di&s;tention and Convul&s;ive Po&s;ture, rather than hard Excrements, which are &s;eldom found in the &s;mall Guts. When the part is handled, let the Surgeons Hands, or Fingers be anointed with Oyl of Chamomil, and Oyl of St. <HI>John</HI>'s wort, with a few Drops of &s;ome Carmina|tive Oyl.</P>
<PB N="143" REF="81">
<P>If it be difficult to put up the Gut, let the following me|thod be ob&s;erv'd; Internally, Exhibit the Decoction of the greater Four hot Seeds in VVine. Externally, apply a Ca|tapla&s;m of Sheeps Dung boyl'd in Goats Milk, and Foment with the Decoction, adding to it a little of the Spirit of VVine, in order to di&s;cu&s;s the VVind and Hardne&s;s, and al|lay the Pain. Some apply the hot Caul of a gelded Lamb, and with good &s;ucce&s;s. The Hardne&s;s, VVind and Pain are likewi&s;e mitigated by Fomenting with Decoctions of Emol|lient and Carminative Ingredients. Or Cly&s;ters of the &s;ame Ingredients may be injected, that &s;o the great Guts being em|ptied, any irritating matter in the &s;mall ones may have the ea&s;ier pa&s;&s;age. Let Plai&s;ters al&s;o be applied to the Loyns to oblige the me&s;entery to draw back the fallen Gut. As,</P>
<P>Take of Gum Ammoniac, <HI>Galbanum</HI> and <HI>Sagapenum,</HI> of each three drams; Turpentin and Virgin VVax, two or &s;ix drams; Ar&s;enical Load&s;tone two drams, and fifteen Grains; Roots of Cuckowpint, a dram. Di&s;&s;olve the Gums in Vi|negar, and boyl them to the con&s;i&s;tence of a Plai&s;ter to|gether with the other Powders. Apply the Plai&s;ter to the Loyns. Some commend the fat of a Bear, or of a Hedg|hog, for the &s;ame u&s;e.</P>
<P>If all the&s;e means prove ineffectual, a Surgeon mu&s;t open the place and put up the Gut, and then heal the wound.</P>
<P>After the Gut is put into its proper &s;tation, it will be ne|ce&s;&s;ary to confirm it and the <HI>Peritonaeum,</HI> by Internal and External Means. The former are the Vulnerary Decoctions, e&s;pecially tho&s;e of Rupturewort and Thorowax. The Seed of Carden-Cre&s;&s;es is of Excellent u&s;e given inwardly in Powder with Red VVine, or by way of Decoction, and ap|plied Externally, being beaten up with the Yelk of an Egg, or form'd into a Plai&s;ter with Caran and boyl'd Turpentin. The Oyl of Lizzards is of &s;ingular u&s;e for External Uncti|on. The &s;alted Skins of Eels, or of Serpents, boyl'd up with Lees to the con&s;i&s;tence of a Plai&s;ter, or Plai&s;ters made of Pitch, Ma&s;tic, Caran, Dragons-blood, Bole-armenic, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Or of Ro&s;in, Pitch and Powder of Bricks; or Com|pound Plai&s;ters of <HI>Rulandus</HI>'s <HI>Dia&s;ulphuris,</HI> the Rupture-Plai&s;ter and Pitch mix'd in equal Quantities; are all recom|mended for outward application. Some anoint the Part with Bal&s;am of Sulphur, and the Oyl of the Yelks of Eggs. But others reject all Oyly Ingredients, as being too Laxa|tive, and order the application of Clouts dipp'd into di&s;til|led Vinegar, in which Lytharge is di&s;&s;olv'd, and after that
<PB N="144" REF="82">a Plai&s;ter of the Gum of Black-Cherry-Tree, di&s;&s;olv'd in Oyl of St. <HI>John</HI>'s-wort, and mix'd with Frankincen&s;e and Ma&s;tic. During the time of applying the&s;e Plai&s;ters, let the Belly be kept open, and a Tru&s;s kept con&s;tantly about it, and never remov'd but when the Patient lies on his Back.</P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 N="2" TYPE="chapter">
<HEAD>CHAP. II. <HI>Of the Downfalling of the</HI> Anus.</HEAD>
<P>THE <HI>Inte&s;tinum Rectum</HI> is &s;ometimes &s;tretch'd out &s;o far, that the Retracting Mu&s;cles are not able to draw it in. The Cau&s;e is either the too frequent, or vi|olent Expul&s;ion tearing the fibres of the Retracting Mu&s;|cles, and occa&s;ion'd by Irritating Cly&s;ters, Suppo&s;itories, a Tene&s;mus, Vi&s;cid hard Excrements requiring extraor|dinary force to expel them, the bearing down in Child|birth, a &s;tone in the Bladder provoking the Gut, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Or the Relaxation and Weakne&s;s of the Retracting Mu&s;|cle, occa&s;ion'd by the foregoing cau&s;es, or falls upon the <HI>Os &s;acrum</HI> di&s;turbing its Nerves, or the injury of Ex|ternal cold when the Gut is violently &s;tretched forth.</P>
<P>If this di&s;ea&s;e continue long, it degenerates into a Trouble&s;ome Tumor. If the <HI>Auus</HI> be inflam'd, it may end in a Gangrene; if troubled with a <HI>Tene&s;mus,</HI> or Bleeding, 'tis very dangerous. If the Mu&s;cle be Paraly|tic, the Cure will prove both difficult and tedious.</P>
<P>For Cure; the <HI>Anns</HI> mu&s;t be put up, and fa&s;ten'd when 'tis up. If we &s;u&s;pect hard Excrements in the Gut, we ought to Foment with, and Inject Cly&s;ters of, the De|coctions of Melilot, Mullen and Elder-Leaves in Milk. If a &s;harp fordid Slime provoke the Gut, inject the &s;ame Decoction with &s;ome A&s;tringent Ingredients added. If the <HI>Anus</HI> be inflam'd, foment with the Decoction of Chamomil, Elder, and St. <HI>John&s;wort</HI> flowers, red Ro&s;es, Wormwood Tops and Melilot, in Whey; or in Milk, if the Pain be great; Or in Red Wine, in ca&s;e of a hard Swelling.</P>
<PB N="145" REF="82">
<P>Then Fumigat the <HI>Anus</HI> with a mixture of Amber, Ma&s;tic, Myrrh, Francin&s;ence and Jews Pitch; and after fumigation, Anoint with Oyl of Eggs, or the Oyl of Ma&s;tic in which Stagflies are boyl'd, applying in the mean while a Plai&s;ter of Opopanax and Sagapenum to the <HI>Os Sacrum.</HI> Every thing being thus Prepar'd, let the <HI>Anus</HI> be put up with the finger cover'd with a Clout dip'd in red Wine, or anointed with Goat's or Hart's Tallow. After 'tis up, let the Per&s;on lye on his Belly with his Legs &s;tretch'd out. And apply quilted Bags of Bran, Mullein flowers and Yarrow leaves; boyl'd in Black Smiths Water and Vinegar, to &s;trengthen the <HI>Anus.</HI> For which end Aromatic Ingredients may likewi&s;e be added. If after the return of the Gut to its proper place, there remain an Inflammation or Redne&s;s in the <HI>Anus,</HI> foment it with Plantan Water in which Sugar of Lead is di&s;|&s;olv'd.</P>
</DIV4>
</DIV3>
<DIV3 N="13" TYPE="section">
<PB N="146" REF="83">
<HEAD>SECT. XIII. <HI>Of the Incumbrances of the Chyle, in its Pa&s;&s;age from the</HI> Guts.</HEAD>
<P>THE Chyle being duly &s;eparated and purify'd in the Guts, ought to enter the Milky Ve&s;&s;els, and pro|ceed thro the Glandules of the Me&s;entery to the common Receptacle, where it is diluted with the Lymph of the inferior Branches; and from thence continues its progre&s;s thro the Conduit of the Brea&s;t, to the Axillary Vein, where it joyns the Lymph of the upper Region.</P>
<P>This natural motion is oftimes anticipated by tenacious humors guarding the entry of the <HI>Va&s;a Lactea,</HI> or Scars following the Corro&s;ion of a Dy&s;entery, or Loo&s;ene&s;s; or interrupted by its own vi&s;cidity, or &s;lime &s;queez'd into its Ve&s;&s;els from the Guts and afterwards congeal'd; of which we have a plain In&s;tance in the Ca&s;e of drinking cold Liquors after a violent hot Exerci&s;e; for as much as the heat melts the &s;lime, and the motion drives it into the Ve&s;&s;els, and the &s;udden arrival of cold Liquor cuts off its retreat, by cau&s;ing its Coagulation; &s;o that it either &s;tag|nats, or proceeds with the Chyle to the Blood, and de|praves its Cra&s;is.</P>
<P>This vi&s;cidity or crudity of the Chyle, or of the Humor its Companion, is the true cau&s;e of all Chronical Di&s;tem|pers, fal&s;ly imputed by the Ancients to Ob&s;tructions, or contrary Qualities of the Bowels. That there are Ob&s;tru|ctions, I do not deny: Some in the Blood Ve&s;&s;els, cau&s;ing Inflammations: Others in the Lymphatic (or perhaps tho&s;e of the Chyle) cau&s;ing the rupture of the Ve&s;&s;els, and effu|&s;ion of the Lymph upon the Cavities of the Body. And others again in the Bowels, appearing in the form of Im|po&s;thumes and Schirrus's. But the&s;e are rather the effect, than cau&s;e of Chronical Di&s;ea&s;es. That &s;tagnation of the Liquors in their re&s;pective Ve&s;&s;els, is occa&s;ion'd by their vi&s;cidity. The vi&s;cidity is caus'd by acid Crudities attend|ing
<PB N="147" REF="83">the Chyle, and debauching the Blood and Lymph. Moreover, the pronene&s;s of Impo&s;thumes to &s;uppurate, and that of Schirrus's to become Ganeers, are &s;olid proofs of their being caus'd by a vi&s;cous acid. And, as to the An|tipathy of the Bowels, 'tis incon&s;i&s;tent with the Laws of Circulation. The Blood and Spirits are equally the cau&s;e of heat all over the Body, if all the parts be equally <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 word"> pos'd for their Reception. 'Tis true indeed, a partic<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="4 letters"> Bowel, or external part may be occa&s;ionally weak<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="3 letters"> and &s;uffer a Relaxation of its Fibres; or by vertue of acid pointed Particles darted into its Bo&s;om, like that of a Thorn into the Finger, may be di&s;turb'<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> with Heat and Inflammation, while the others retain their cooler Temperature. But it plainly appears, that the&s;e effects are not owing to any Radical Antipathy in the Quali|ties of the Bowels, but the occa&s;ional unequal Di&s;tributi|on of the vi&s;cous acid Particles.</P>
<P>It remains therefore to be concluded upon, that the acid Crudity of the Chyle, impre&s;s'd upon it in the fir&s;t Pa&s;&s;ages, is the natural and obvious cau&s;e of Chronical Di&s;tempers; and that Ob&s;tructions may be effected by the long duration of the&s;e Di&s;tempers, but cannot claim the priviledge of being their Cau&s;es. This Hypothe&s;is will be &s;et in a clearer light by &s;urveying the Sym|ptoms, and the Method of Curing the&s;e Chronical Di|&s;tempers. The former are acid Belchings, Wind, lo&s;s of Appetit, Gripings, and noi&s;e in the Guts; incident heat and Inflammation, Loo&s;ene&s;s, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> the natural Progeny of an acid Crudity. And as touching the latter, the whole Circle of Specifics is generally made to center in an aperient Vertue. Now the Preparations of Steel and Lead do ju&s;tly lead the Van of this numberle&s;s Cata|logue. And how the&s;e a&s;tringent Medicines &s;hould be intitled to an opening Vertue, all the <HI>Po&s;&s;e</HI> of Writers is at a lo&s;s to explain. Whereas 'tis an obvious Soluti|on, that the&s;e metallin Particles &s;uck up and incounter the acid Crudity, and transform it into a vitriolic Con|crete, which is afterwards evacuated under the form of black Excrements. So that it opens or unlocks the Pa&s;&s;ages only indirectly, by &s;ubduing the ho&s;til In|truder.</P>
<P>Anti&s;corbutic volatil &s;alin Medicines and Gums are likewi&s;e us'd. Now they attinuat the vi&s;cous Humor, precipitat the rank acid, fortifie the Stomac (the origi|nal
<PB N="148" REF="84">&s;ource of the Evil) and whet the Bile. And here by the way, 'twill not be improper to take notice that the E&s;&s;ences commonly prepar'd from volatil An|ti&s;corbutic Herbs, as the E&s;&s;ence of Scurvygra&s;s, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> fall &s;hort of the original vertue of their Herbs, as contain|ing only the volatil Salt, &s;trip'd of the fix'd Salt, which withal is very u&s;eful. Upon which account I prefer the Quinte&s;&s;ences made of the Oyl, and both the Spi|rits, one prepar'd by Fermentation, and the other by Putrefaction; The&s;e two being mix'd with the di&s;till'd Oyl by long Dige&s;tion and frequent Cohobation. And be|&s;ides, all Anti&s;corbutic Spirits prepared by Fermentation, ought to be frequently cohobated in order to extract the fixed Alcalin Salt. Tartar al&s;o is a great Specific in the&s;e Ca&s;es. But its Cream is too acid. Let it be mix'd with half the quantity of Salt of Tartar, di&s;&s;olv'd in warm water, after Fermentation filtrated, and &s;et to evaporat. Thus its Acidity is conquer'd. Its volatil Spi|rit, or rather that drawn from the Dregs of Wine; or the Carminative Spirit prepar'd from Nitre, Tartar, and Spi|rit of Wine; and all volatil Preparations of Tartar are of wonderful efficacy in clearing the fir&s;t Pa&s;&s;ages, cor|recting the Dige&s;tive Ferment, and conquering the acid of Wine, that we in the&s;e Countries are &s;o obnoxious to.</P>
<P>In the Animal Province, Man's Urine given to drink, and all urinous Spirits and Salts, e&s;pecially the Spirit of Salarmoniac prepar'd with Quick-lime, are noted anti|acids in all Chronical Di&s;tempers. The Spirit of Ants, and that of Earth-worms, are famous Anti-&s;corbutics. Of the Mineral Family, Steel is the Head. It ought not to be much impregnated with an acid, otherwi&s;e it will not di&s;&s;olve in the Body. The be&s;t way of gi|ving it is either in crude Powder, or by way of extract, taken from its Infu&s;ion in the Juice of Apples, Quin|ces, or of Tamarinds; or a Tincture taken from the &s;ame with Spirit of Scurvygra&s;s. The Tincture of Steel, prepar'd with Spirit of Bread, is likewi&s;e a proper form. Its Crocus is be&s;t prepar'd by &s;prinkling it with Juice of Cichory, and expo&s;ing it to the Sun. Next to Steel is Lead, e&s;pecially its Sugar, and the Antiphthi&s;i|cal Tincture, prepar'd from it and vitriol of Steel with Spirit of Wine.</P>
<PB N="149" REF="84">
<P>From the&s;e Premi&s;es we infer, that the Cau&s;e of all Chronical Di&s;tempers, is a vi&s;cous acid Crudity, either bred in the Stomac, or caus'd by the vicious Efferve&s;|cencies of the Gall, and the Juice of the Pancreas in the Guts. Upon which Account all Stomachical, attenu|ating, anti-acid Medicines are the true Antidote of the&s;e Di&s;ea&s;es. And whoever attempts to cure 'em, without a &s;pecial regard to the Stomac and fir&s;t Pa&s;&s;ages, &s;hoots &s;hort of his Mark. The forms of Recipe's &s;hall be in|&s;erted in the particular De&s;cription of the re&s;pective Di|&s;ea&s;es.</P>
</DIV3>
<DIV3 N="14" TYPE="section">
<PB N="150" REF="85">
<HEAD>SECT. XIV. <HI>Of Di&s;ea&s;es relating to the Lungs, and Organs of Re&s;piration.</HI></HEAD>
<P>THUS far we have con&s;ider'd the Chyle in its &s;eparat State. It remains now, to &s;urvey its &s;tate of Complication with the Blood. The mix'd Ma&s;s of Blood and Chyle is carried from the Axillary Vein to the de&s;cending Trunc of the <HI>Vena Cava;</HI> from thence 'tis convey'd to the right Ventricle of the Heart; and before its entry into the left Ventricle, is thrown into the Lungs by the <HI>Vena Arterio&s;a.</HI></P>
<P>The Lungs are a heap of little Bladders joyn'd by a &s;imple Membran, endow'd with moving Fibres, and require to be dilated before the Blood can have admi&s;&s;i|on. This Dilatation is perform'd by the Air and Mu&s;|cles. The Midriff, together with the Subclavian and In|terco&s;tal Mu&s;cles, inlarge the Capacity of the Brea&s;t; upon which, there being no <HI>Vacuum,</HI> the Air crouds into the Lungs, and di&s;tends 'em to fill up the void &s;pace. The Lungs being thus di&s;tended, the blood empties it &s;elf into 'em; and by vertue of the univer&s;al Salt of the Air, its Ma&s;s is di&s;&s;olv'd, rarify'd, volatilis'd, and freed of its Steams. This Admi&s;&s;ion of Air, or Dilatation of the Lungs, is call'd In&s;piration. And the Expul&s;ion of it, or &s;ucce&s;&s;ive compre&s;&s;ion of the Lungs forwarding the Blood to the left Ventricle of the Brea&s;t, is &s;til'd Expiration; the complex Action bearing the title of Re&s;piration.</P>
<DIV4 N="1" TYPE="chapter">
<PB N="151" REF="85">
<HEAD>CHAP. I. <HI>Of In&s;piration aboli&s;h'd, or Suffocation.</HI></HEAD>
<P>SUffocation is a denying of admi&s;&s;ion to the Air. The Cau&s;e may relate either to the Pa&s;&s;ages thro which the Air is to pa&s;s, or to the Lungs that are to receive it, or to the Mu&s;cles that ought to dilate the Brea&s;t.</P>
<P>The Pa&s;&s;ages are embara&s;&s;ed by external Ligatures, which if they be &s;uddenly put on, extingui&s;h all manner of Sen&s;e in an in&s;tant; by being fill'd with Water, or drowning; by Tumors and Inflammations in the Neighborhood of the Wind-pipe; by &s;wallowing bulky things that &s;tick in the Gullet and pre&s;s the Wind-pipe, or bear down the Epiglottis; by forcing things into the Wind-pipe by laugh|ing, or &s;peaking in the time of eating; by Hairs, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> &s;ticking to the Epiglottis, and di&s;turbing its motion; or by a large Polypus in the No&s;e, &s;preading its Branches to the Throat.</P>
<P>After &s;trangling we endeavour to bring the Per&s;on to life by Blood-letting, pouring down &s;pirituous Liquors, and rubbing the Joynts. If the Suffocation is caus'd by being under Water, we hang up the Per&s;on by the Heels, that the Water may run out; then apply a Toa&s;t &s;oak'd in Spi|rit of Wine, and exhibit Sudorifics, or &s;ometimes a gentle Vomit. If any bulky thing &s;tick in the Throat, give 'em a blow on the Back, and exhibit Oyl of &s;weet Almonds, or Ca&s;&s;ia. If it &s;tick in the Wind-pipe, Coughing, Sneezing, and Vomiting will bring it up. If a Bone &s;tick in the Gullet, let it be brought up by an In&s;trument, or apply a &s;uppurating Catapla&s;m, or exhibit a Vomit. A narrow|ne&s;s of the Pa&s;&s;age caus'd by <HI>Aqua fortis,</HI> is cur'd by the Mucilage of Quinces.</P>
<P>A &s;udden Suffocation affecting the Lungs immediately, is caus'd by Narcotic Sulphurous Steams of New Wine or Ale; new Plai&s;tering, Coal-Pits, and other Mineral Fumes, which de&s;troy the Airy Spirit that &s;hould ferment the Blood, and &s;o cau&s;e its Stagnation in the Lungs, and ex|tingui&s;h the animal Spirits; producing Apoplexies, Carus's,
<PB N="152" REF="86">and many di&s;mal Symptoms. For Cure, let the Per&s;on be carried into free Air, the Mouth open'd, and Wind Artifici|ally procur'd; let a liquid Vomit mix'd with the E&s;&s;ence of Ca&s;tor, or Apoplectic-waters, be thrown down the Throat. Let Vinegar, in which Ca&s;tor is infus'd, be ex|hibited by Spoonfuls. If the Per&s;on be Plethoric, open a Vein. Apply outwardly Epithema's of Vinegar to the <HI>Scrotum</HI> and Te&s;ticles. Blow Sneezing Powders into the No&s;trils, and rub the Temples and No&s;trils with little Bags of Marjoram and Fennel-Flower-&s;eeds infus'd in Vinegar. Note, Tho Vinegar be of admirable Efficacy again&s;t the Gas or Steams of Vegetables, yet 'tis not proper again&s;t a Mineral Gas.</P>
<P>La&s;tly. The Cau&s;es of Suffocation relating to the Mu&s;cles of the Brea&s;t, are their Paralytic Apoplectic Condition, or Convul&s;ions of the Larynx, occa&s;ion'd by the Di&s;order of the Nerves of the <HI>Par Vagum,</HI> and tho&s;e of the Interco|&s;tal Branch, as in the ca&s;e of Hy&s;teric and Hypochondriac fits, Poy&s;on, or eating a &s;ort of &s;trangling Mu&s;hrooms, Ve|nery, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> The Cure is perform'd by E&s;&s;ence of Ca&s;tor, Vo|latil Salt of Amber, Camphyr, Opiats, and &s;uch Medicines as we u&s;e again&s;t Hy&s;teric and Epileptic Fits. Vomits, Oxymel of Squills, and <HI>Venice</HI> Treacle are Specifics again&s;t the poy&s;onous Mu&s;hrooms.</P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 N="2" TYPE="chapter">
<HEAD>CHAP. II. <HI>Of In&s;piration deprav'd, or difficult Breathing.</HI></HEAD>
<DIV5 N="1" TYPE="article">
<HEAD>ART. I. <HI>Of A&s;thma's.</HI></HEAD>
<P>AN A&s;thma is a frequent difficult Re&s;piration, attended by a perplexity in the Brea&s;t; and &s;ometimes a Cough and Snoring. Sometimes 'tis &s;o violent, that the Patient can|not breathe unle&s;s he &s;tand upright; and then 'tis call'd, <HI>Orthopnaeia.</HI> The general Cau&s;e of all A&s;thma's is the Con&s;triction of the Ve&s;icles of the Lungs. The particular Cau&s;es are various.</P>
<PB N="153" REF="86">
<P>Some A&s;thma's are moi&s;t, proceeding from vicious Matter, provoking the Lungs and Wind-pipe to Contracti|ons: and frequently attended by coughing, &s;pitting and &s;nor|ing, tho not always. Others are Dry, occa&s;ion'd by the Con|vul&s;ions of the Organs of Re&s;piration, or dryne&s;s of the Lungs, without the influence of any deprav'd humor.</P>
<P>The Matter that gives ri&s;e to the moi&s;t &s;ort, is frequently lodg'd in the Stomac and fir&s;t Pa&s;&s;ages, and by di&s;tending them, pre&s;&s;es the Lungs and Diaphragm; Hence wind and acid Crudities, &s;uch as Hypocondriac or Scorbutic Per|&s;ons are generally lyable to, frequently cau&s;e a difficult Breathing in a Morning when they lye upon their backs in Bed: Or after eating, e&s;pecially at Night; or after Drink|ing Wine. Drop&s;ies al&s;o di&s;tending the Mu&s;cles of the Bel|ly, and Crouding the Blood with &s;erum, may occa&s;ion a difficulty of Breathing.</P>
<P>If the matter lodge in the Lungs, 'tis either Originally bred within 'em, or transfer'd thither from other Parts. If it be bred there, it proceeds from the Depravation of the Nutritious Juice of the Lungs, and Wind Pipe; occa&s;ion'd by Mineral Steams, or Vicious Air, or the Vi&s;cidity and Sharp|ne&s;s of the Lymph that waters 'em. For if their Nutri|tious Juice be perverted, it degenerats into a tartareous, hard, or otherwi&s;e Noxious matter. Impo&s;thumes and Ul|cers in the Lungs may al&s;o be reckon'd as Cau&s;es of this Kind of A&s;thma.</P>
<P>If the Peccant humor be not bred in the Lungs, it pro|ceeds either from &s;erum thrown upon 'em or the Bronchia, or Blood &s;tagnating within 'em. The former cau&s;e takes place, &s;ometimes in the Declen&s;ions of Feavers, or when the Pores of the Body are &s;top'd; The latter in a Redun|dancy of Blood, Suppre&s;&s;ion of the Terms or Piles, in Cachectic Per&s;ons who&s;e Blood is Glutinous and Stuff'd with Crudities, and con&s;equently requires more time for Rarefaction in the Lungs; in the ca&s;e of &s;udden fear, or Drinking of Cold Water immediatly after the Blood has been rarify'd by a Violent heat. Any Acid matter that's apt to Coagulat the Blood may al&s;o produce the &s;ame effect.</P>
<P>As for dry A&s;thma's; They may proceed from a preter|natural form of the Back and Brea&s;t, or from Stones and Schirrus's in the Lungs: But the more Notable Cau&s;e is the Convul&s;ions of the Organs of Re&s;piration, e&s;pecially the Diaphragm, occa&s;ion'd by the di&s;orders of the lower Belly, as in Hy&s;teric or Hypochondriac Fits; the Contor&s;ion of the
<PB N="154" REF="87">Backbone; Nephritic, Arthritic and Gouty Pains; Or in General any Acid humor irritating the Nerves whether in the Abdomen or Brain; But e&s;pecially in the Abdomen, for the Nerves of the <HI>Par Vagum,</HI> and tho&s;e of the Inter-Co&s;tal Branch furni&s;h both the Belly, Brea&s;t, and Neck with Nerves; and upon this Account we frequently ob&s;erve that the&s;e Convul&s;ive A&s;thma's are attended by di&s;or|derly Smptoms in the lower Belly. Be&s;ides, if we con&s;ider the Variety and Multitude of the Mu&s;cles imploy'd in Re|&s;piration, and the various Motions and Contrary Offices they are obliged to perform, we &s;hall not be at a lo&s;s to Imagin what a &s;en&s;ible Influence any &s;ort of Convul&s;ions may have upon Breathing. This Convul&s;ive &s;ort of A&s;th|ma's may likewi&s;e be caus'd by the Dryne&s;s and Flaccidity of the Lungs, following the Depravation of their Nutriti|ous Juice; &s;moaking of Tobacco, Mineral &s;teams frequent|ly irritating the Fibres of the Lungs, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> The like may in|&s;ue upon the &s;triking in of a Scab, or the un&s;ea&s;onable heal|ing of an Ulcer, the Blood being thereby render'd &s;harp and irritating, and its Texture prone to irregular fermenta|tions.</P>
<P>An A&s;thma is of its &s;elf manife&s;t. But the Symptoms ought to be heedfully regarded, in order to di&s;tingui&s;h the various Cau&s;es. Tho&s;e which proceed from a Vicious form of the Brea&s;t, or from &s;erum, or &s;lime covering the Lungs, or from the Depravation of their own Nutritive Juice, are continual; Whereas the other &s;orts are Periodical. All A&s;thma's agree in this Symptom, that they are Exa&s;perat|ed at Night, and when the Patient moves the Body, or Changes the Air. Moi&s;t A&s;thma's are attended by a Cough, &s;noring and comfortable Expectoration of matter in and after the Paroxy&s;m. If the &s;noring make a deep hollow &s;ound, the matter lodges in the Bronchia. If it lodge with|in the &s;ub&s;tance of the Lungs the &s;ound is flatter, and the matter is not &s;o Copiou&s;ly brought up.</P>
<P>Dry A&s;thma's come &s;uddenly and di&s;appear in like man|ner without any vi&s;ible cau&s;e, or di&s;covery of Noxious mat|ter; They are not attended by Snoring, Coughing, or Spit|ting, unle&s;s it be towards the end of the Fit, and even then very &s;paringly; For the matter thus expectorated is not the cau&s;e of the Di&s;ea&s;e as in the moi&s;t kind, but only &s;queez'd out by the Perplexity of the Mu&s;cles, and Agita|tion of the Lungs: Neither are they &s;o greedy of In&s;pira|tion as of Ex&s;piration, which is contrary to the method of
<PB N="155" REF="87">moi&s;t A&s;thma's. If the cau&s;e of the Convul&s;ive kind come Originally from the Head, the fit is u&s;her'd in by Head-aches and Swimming of the Head; If from the Bel|ly, by a murmuring Noi&s;e in the Guts; If the Midriff be chiefly affected, Pain Girds that Part where 'tis joyn'd to the &s;hort Ribs; If the Mu&s;cles of the Brea&s;t, the whole Brea&s;t &s;eems to be &s;queez'd; If tho&s;e of the Throat and Wind Pipe, they are as it were &s;trangled; If the Lungs them&s;elves, They can give no other account, but that they cannot Breathe.</P>
<P>An A&s;thma in malignant Ca&s;es, or Acute Feavers is a fatal Symptom. The Convul&s;ive &s;ort is more common than the moi&s;t; and of the moi&s;t ones, that from the Stomac is more frequently met with. If an A&s;thma be Inveterat it &s;eldom admits of a Radical Cure; and is oft-times follow'd by Cachexies, Swellings of the Feet, Drop&s;ies, and then Death it &s;elf.</P>
<P>If an A&s;thma be only a Symptom of other Di&s;ea&s;es it yields to their Cure. If it be of the moi&s;t kind, the vi&s;|cous matter ought to be attenuated and carried off, and the Stomac or Lungs fortify'd. The Convul&s;ive kind is cur'd by appea&s;ing the Spirits, &s;trengthening the Nerves, and Diverting their Cau&s;e by Bli&s;tering Plai&s;ters and I&s;&s;ues. In order to obtain the&s;e ends, the following Cautions will a&s;&s;i&s;t us.</P>
<P N="1">1. In the moi&s;t A&s;thma's there's no Medicine equals a Vomit. It equally clears both the Stomac and Lungs, and may be given in the very height of the Fit, without the lea&s;t fear of &s;tiffling. In a dry A&s;thma proceeding from the lower Belly, it may be exhited after the Paroxy&s;m. Antimonial Preparations, or the Water or Syrup of Tobacco, or the Juice of the flower de luce, are proper on this occa&s;i|on. Some exhibit the Infu&s;ion of white Hellebor in Rheni&s;h Wine. Some mix Emetic Ingredients with attenuating Me|dicines, but in &s;o &s;mall Do&s;es, that they only Expectorat; others premi&s;e attenuating Medicines by them&s;elves, and then exhibit a Vomit.</P>
<P N="2">2. Cau&s;e a Vein to be &s;peedily open'd in any A&s;thma what&s;oever; and exhibit convenient Medicines for di&s;&s;olv|ing Congeal'd Blood, Correcting its Cachexy, and curbing its Turge&s;cence.</P>
<P N="3">3. During the Fit, let all manner of Purgatives be avoid|ed. After the Fit is over, they are u&s;eful, but ought always to be mix'd with Gum Ammoniac. As,</P>
<PB N="156" REF="88">
<P>Take of the Pills of Ammoniac, fifteen Grains; Sweet Mercury, a &s;cruple; Extract of Troches Alhandal, two Grains; Di&s;till'd Oyl of Anis two drops. Make Pills. Some u&s;e <HI>Quercetanus</HI>'s Oxymel of Tobacco. Others the Decoctions of Aromatic Herbs and Senna, which evacuat Gradually.</P>
<P N="4">4. If the Di&s;ea&s;e proceed from &s;erum, it ought to be carried off by Sweat, Urine, Bli&s;tering Plai&s;ters and I&s;&s;ues. Sudorifics, e&s;pecially of the Decoction of Guajacum and Sa&s;|&s;afras, are always u&s;eful in dry Convul&s;ive A&s;thma's. They expectorat al&s;o and attenuat, and therefore are not impro|per for the moi&s;t &s;ort. If the Stomac be faulty, the Acid Crudity mu&s;t be Corrected and Expell'd.</P>
<P N="5">5. Narcotics are of Sovereign u&s;e both in and before the Paroxy&s;m of a dry A&s;thma. In the moi&s;t kind, If the Symptoms are very fierce, they are not improper.</P>
<P N="6">6. If it proceed from a Particular cau&s;e, it requires a Particular Cure. As if it be caus'd by the retreat of a Scab or Itch, let volatil &s;udorifics, &s;uch as the Decoctions of Fur|mitory, Elecampane, Fennel, Extract of Venice Treacle, and the fixed Salts, be u&s;ed for recalling the Itch; and if nothing prove effectual put the Patient to Bed with tho&s;e that are Scabby. If it proceed from Metallin Fumes, as Mercury, let Solar-Bezoar and Diaphoretic Antimony be exhibited. If from &s;udden Cold or Drinking of Cold Water, exhibit the Juice of Da&s;ies in Wine.</P>
<P>The &s;pecifics commonly us'd for moi&s;t A&s;thma's, or &s;uch as flow from a vi&s;cid matter whether in the Lungs or Sto|mac, are the Roots of Cuckowpint, Hy&s;&s;op, Horehound, Ro&s;emary and its Flowers, Saffron, Speedwell, Zedoary, e&s;|pecially its Spirit, the Juice of Briony, Elecampane Roots; The Syrup or Volatil Salt of Tobacco for old Per&s;ons, E&s;|&s;ence of Saffron, E&s;&s;ence of Sa&s;&s;afras; the Juice of Radi|&s;hes; Oxymel of Squills mix'd with Cinnamon Water; Gum Ammoniac (above all) di&s;&s;olv'd in Vinegar; Com|pound Spirit of Verdigri&s;e mix'd with the thicken'd Juice of Coltsfoot; Dulcify'd Spirit of Nitre; Elixyr Proprie|tatis; Sulphur, or its Spirit <HI>per Campanam;</HI> The Water of Turneps; <HI>Sperma Caeti;</HI> Turpentin di&s;&s;olv'd with the yelk of an Egg in a Convenient Vehicle; Bal&s;am of Sulphur, Prepar'd with Oyl of Anis; Juice of Woodlice with Wine (an incomparable Medicine) and the Carminative Spirit, if the Stomac be di&s;order'd. A Mercurial Salivation, or wa&s;hes for the feet, in &s;ome Ca&s;es are very effectual.</P>
<PB N="157" REF="88">
<P>Take of the Roots of Cuckow-Pint, four Scruples; Roots of Florentin Orris, and Cinnabar of Antimony, of each two Scruples; Flowers of Sulphur, and Benzoin in Powder, of each a Scruple. Make a Powder. Note, the Faecula's of Cuckowpint, Briony, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> are good for no|thing.</P>
<P>Take of the Leaves of Hy&s;&s;op and white Horehound, of each two handfuls; Elecampane Roots, two Ounces; Fennel &s;eeds, half an Ounce; Anis &s;eed, two drams; <HI>Ter|ra foliata Tartari,</HI> three drams; Common Water, three Pound; Scum'd Hony, half a Pound. Boyl them in a clo&s;e Ve&s;&s;el; Scum the Liquor and add three drams of Cin|namon, and a dram of Oriental Saffron. Strain it for u&s;e. Let the Patient take a draught twice or thrice a day.</P>
<P>Take of Hy&s;&s;op and Speedwell Water, of each an ounce and a half; Cinnamon Water, an ounce; E&s;&s;ence of Zedo|ary, half an ounce; Gum Ammoniac di&s;&s;olv'd in Vinegar, and a dram and a half; Oxymel of Sqills, an ounce. Mix for two or three Do&s;es.</P>
<P>Take of Hy&s;&s;op, Poppy flower, and A&s;thmatical Wa|ters, an ounce and a half; A&s;thmatical Spirit (Prepar'd f<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">om Gum Ammoniac, Verdigris, and Brim&s;tone) an ounce and a half; Oxymel of Squills, or Syrup of Tobacco an ounce.</P>
<P>Take of the Tincture of Tartar, half an ounce; Spirit of Sal-armoniac, two drams. Mix and take thirty or forty drops in a warm Vehicle.</P>
<P>Take of the Roots of Fennel, of A&s;arabacca, and of Florentin Orris, of each three drams; Liquorice, two drams; Boyl them in Water till the third part be con|&s;um'd. To eight ounces of the &s;train'd Liquor add Gum Ammoniac, a dram; Oxymel of Squills, an ounce; Sy|rup of Horehound, an ounce or two. Mix. This is <HI>Brun|nerus</HI> his Potion. Note, Sugar and Sweet things ought to be Cautiou&s;ly us'd in this Di&s;ea&s;e; They are offen&s;ive to the Stomac and Lungs, and favour a Phthi&s;ic.</P>
<P>Take of Rape flower Water, four ounces; &s;trong Cinna|mon Water, half an ounce; Syrup of Tobacco, an ounce; Spirit of Sulphur, as much as &s;ufficeth for a Grateful Aci|dity. Mix, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> A dram of Gum Ammoniac may be added.</P>
<P>Take of Cinnamon Water, two ounces; <HI>Sperma Caeti,</HI> two drams; Oxymel of Squills, an ounce. Mix, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<PB N="158" REF="89">
<P>Take of the Wine and Infu&s;ion of Woodlice, eight ounces; Extract of Elecampane Roots, two drams; Ex|tract of Saffron, half a dram; Syrup of Hy&s;&s;op, and Sy|rup of white Horehound, of each two drams; Mix, and take a draught twice a day.</P>
<P>As for the Convul&s;ive, dry A&s;thma's, they are cur'd by premi&s;ing a Vomit, excepting the ca&s;e of Hy&s;terical Symp|toms, exhibiting Antiepileptic Medicines, &s;uch as the Vo|latil Salt of Amber; the Spirits of Tartar, Amber, Harts|horn, Sulphur and Sal-armoniac; e&s;pecially the E&s;&s;ence of Ca&s;tor who&s;e Oyly &s;alt conquers the Acid mo&s;t effectually; the Spirit of Putrify'd Earthworms, and the Di&s;till'd Oyls of Amber, Anis, and Turpentin, mix'd with Narcotics. Ex|ternally we apply the Oyl of &s;weet Almonds with Saffron to the Brea&s;t; and Bli&s;tering Plai&s;ters to the Shoulder-Blades and Arms.</P>
</DIV5>
<DIV5 N="2" TYPE="article">
<HEAD>ART. II. <HI>Of a Hiccough.</HI></HEAD>
<P>THE Hickets are a Convul&s;ive motion of the Dia|phragm, bending it downward, di&s;tending the Belly, and provoking it to accelerat and interrupt In&s;piration. The Ancients refer'd it to the Stomac, but its influence over the Belly, its nece&s;&s;ary dependence upon In&s;piration, its ready Obedience to the Command of our Will, its being cur'd by continu'd In&s;piration, Snee&s;ing, Mirth, and Violent Pa&s;|&s;ions, argue that 'tis Seated in the Middriff. 'Tis true, the Irritating Cau&s;e is frequently lodg'd in the upper Orifice of the Stomac, from whence it has a &s;hort influence upon the Middriff, thro' which the Orifice Pa&s;&s;es. Thus &s;harp, acid, Cold Liquors and Victuals, or an acid Vi&s;cous Phlegm in the Stomac, &s;uch as Children are Obnoxious to, are fre|quently the Authors of this Di&s;ea&s;e: As al&s;o the Convul|&s;ive motions of any other Membran that Corre&s;ponds with the Middriff, Violent Purgatives, Disjoynting of the Ribs, Inflammations of the Liver, Ruptures, and whatever in|jures the Guts, or Adjacent Membrans. If a Hiccough pro|ceed from the a&s;&s;umption of &s;harp Liquors or External things, 'tis not &s;o dangerous, as when it follows the Inflam|mations of the Liver, Co&s;tivene&s;s, Colics, or Feavers, e&s;pe|cially towards their height.</P>
<PB N="159" REF="89">
<P>The Cure con&s;i&s;ts in abating the Convul&s;ive &s;en&s;e of the Middriff, and removing the material cau&s;e. The former end is compa&s;s'd by Narcotics mix'd with Specifics. Now the Specifics are Cinnamon, Ma&s;tic; Galangal, Ginger, Ani|&s;eed, Burnt Hart&s;horn, or Ivory, Spirit of Sal-armoniac and e&s;pecially Ca&s;tor.</P>
<P>Take of <HI>Venice</HI> Treacle, half a dram; <HI>Laudanum Opia|tum,</HI> two Grains; Ani&s;eed, half a Scruple; Di&s;till'd Oyl of Mace, two drops. With the Juice of Quinces, Make a Bolus.</P>
<P>If the Evil be Inveterat 'twill be nece&s;&s;ary to Vomit; Or, at lea&s;t to Purge with Pills of Aloe and Sweet Mercury mix'd with <HI>Laudanum.</HI> After their Operation is over exhi|bit the following Mixture.</P>
<P>Take of Wine Impregnated with Quinces, and the Tin|cture of Ro&s;es, of each an ounce; Extract of Zedoary, fif|teen Grains; <HI>Laudanum Opiatum,</HI> two Grains; Di&s;till'd Oyl of Orange Peel, four drops; Syrup of Quinces, half an ounce. Mix, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> If the Stomac be di&s;tended with Wind, add the Dulcify'd Spirit of Nitre; If the Per&s;on be mole&s;ted with Hy&s;terical Symptoms, add the Extract of Ca&s;tor.</P>
<P>Externally we apply to the Stomac Catapla&s;ms of ye&s;t, Aromatic Powders, and Oyl of Ca&s;tor; Or hot Bread &s;oak'd in <HI>Spani&s;h</HI> Wine, or in Vinegar, in which Pepper, Ca&s;tor and Mu&s;tard &s;eeds are Boyl'd.</P>
<P>If a Hiccough proceed from Crudities in the Stomac, be&s;ides the General method of Vomiting and Purging with Aloe, 'twill be requi&s;it to exhibit Stomachical Mixtures of the E&s;&s;ence of Zedoary, Spirit of Ma&s;tic, <HI>Elixyr Proprieta|tis</HI> prepar'd with Spirit of Sal-armoniac, E&s;&s;ence of Worm|wood, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> If it be occa&s;ion'd by &s;harp Corro&s;ive ru&s;ty hu|mors, 'twill be needful to joyn the above mention'd Speci|fics with Ab&s;orbent Powders, &s;uch as Seal'd Earth, Crabs Eyes, Coral, Solar Earth, and e&s;pecially the Inner skin of a Hen's Brea&s;t. If it take its Root from Poy&s;on, or be Ac|company'd by Malignity, let Alexipharmacal Ingredients be added. In Feavers, Antimonial Nitre given to a dram, is of Noted Efficacy. If &s;udden Cold, or Drinking of Cold Liquors immediatly after heat gave being to the Di&s;ea&s;e, 'twill be proper to Bathe in the Decoction of Nervous Plants.</P>
</DIV5>
<DIV5 N="3" TYPE="article">
<PB N="160" REF="90">
<HEAD>ART. III. <HI>Of the Night Mare.</HI></HEAD>
<P>THE Night-Mare is either Accidental or Habitual. The former is occa&s;ion'd by the Di&s;tention of the Stomac with Wind or Crudities, and prevails when Per&s;ons are a&s;leep and lye upon their Backs. For then the Stomac dilated pre&s;&s;es the Middriff and Mu&s;cles of the Bread mo&s;t; and &s;o incumbers the de&s;cent of the one and dilatation of the other, which are nece&s;&s;ary for In&s;piration. Thus the Blood &s;tagnats in the Lungs, and the Per&s;on is not able to &s;peak, or breathe freely, but fancies him&s;elf pre&s;s'd by &s;ome particular Object. The <HI>Habitual</HI> is occa&s;ion'd by &s;ome Acid Lymph that di&s;orders the Spirits and Creates a Paralytic or Con|vul&s;ive Di&s;po&s;ition of the Nerves of the Middriff and Mu&s;cles of the Brea&s;t; which by con&s;ent Cramp tho&s;e of the Wind Pipe, who&s;e Contraction rai&s;es a &s;en&s;e of &s;tran|gling, and aboli&s;hes the Power of an Articulat Voice. Hy|pochondiac and Scorbutic Per&s;ons are mo&s;t &s;ubject to this habitual &s;ort, which is frequently attended by red &s;pots in the skin, and &s;eems to be near a-kin to an Epilep&s;y. Some|times 'tis the effect of Worms, and equally attacks the Pa|tient both by Night and by Day.</P>
<P>The Symptoms are a Difficult Re&s;piration (for the mo&s;t part in the time of &s;leep) an imagination of &s;omething hea|vy pre&s;&s;ing the Brea&s;t, a querulous inarticulat Noi&s;e, an ina|bility to move; and after the Per&s;on is awake and the Pa|roxy&s;m over, a wearine&s;s of the Limbs, Anxiety of the Brea&s;t and Palpitation of the Heart. If it be Habitual and come by day, and be follow'd by a Trembling, Swooning and Cold &s;weats, 'tis very dangerous, and Progno&s;ticats Convul&s;ions to young Per&s;ons, and Apoplexies to the Old.</P>
<P>The cure con&s;i&s;ts in Evacuating the Stomac, regulating the Diet, avoiding &s;leep &s;oon after eating; and obvi|ating Convul&s;ions. Fir&s;t let Vomits be exhibited; Or if that cannot conveniently be done, Purge with the Extract of black Hellebor, &s;weet Mercury, and Extract of Troches Alhandal mix'd with Oyl of Amber; or with the Pills call'd Aloephanginae, and <HI>Elixyr Proprietatis.</HI> If Wind di&s;turb the fir&s;t Pa&s;&s;ages, inject a Carminative Cly&s;ter. Then exhi|bit
<PB N="161" REF="90">the Oyl of Ani&s;eed and Spirit of Sal-armoniac, or Ve|nice Treacle and Piony Water, over Night. In a word, all Epileptic Specifics are proper. In the Paroxy&s;m it &s;elf, if Vomits are inconvenient, give the following Mixture.</P>
<P>Take of Hy&s;&s;op Water, two ounces; Mint Water, one ounce; Cinnamon Water, half an ounce; Spirit of Sal-armoniac, two Drams; Syrup of Tobacco, an ounce. Mix and give it by &s;poonfuls.</P>
</DIV5>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 N="3" TYPE="chapter">
<HEAD>CHAP. III. <HI>Of Di&s;orders relating to Ex&s;piration.</HI></HEAD>
<DIV5 N="1" TYPE="article">
<HEAD>ART. I. <HI>Of Immoderat Sneezing.</HI></HEAD>
<P>SNeezing is a Convul&s;ive motion of the Middriff, Mu&s;cles of the Belly, and tho&s;e of the Brea&s;t, occa&s;ion'd by tickling the inward Membran of the No&s;trils. In this Convul&s;ion the Middriff a&s;cends into the Brea&s;t, and the Mu&s;cles of the Belly and tho&s;e of the Brea&s;t &s;traiten their Capacities, and &s;o cau&s;e an impetuous Ex&s;piration. The Irritation is convey'd from the No&s;tri<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters"> to the&s;e Mu&s;cles, by means of the Interco&s;tal Nerves which Corre&s;pond im|mediatly with tho&s;e of the third and fourth pair; and the effect of it is, that the Middriff is fir&s;t Contracted and Pull'd downwards to give way to a large In&s;piration, upon which it rebounds up with Force and Violence. The Re|mote Cau&s;es of Sneezing are Various according to the &s;en|&s;iblene&s;s of the Membran, for &s;ome who by the frequent u&s;e of &s;nu&s;h, have procur'd a plentiful de&s;cent of Rheum into the No&s;trils, are not &s;o ea&s;ily mov'd. In General all &s;harp things from without, nay, or a &s;harp acid Lymph from within, and &s;ometimes, the Injoyment of Women, will cau&s;e it. The matter that is evacuated by &s;neezing
<PB N="162" REF="91">proceeds chiefly from the No&s;trils and Palate, and adjacent Glandules, and &s;econdarily from the Brea&s;t, Wind Pipe and Lungs; If &s;neezing be violent and frequent it di&s;covers great di&s;order among the Spirits. 'Tis hurtful to the Eyes, promotes the terms, and encourages the pains of Child-birth.</P>
<P>'Tis cur'd by applying <HI>Laudanum,</HI> or the Oyl of Ro&s;es with <HI>Opium</HI> to the No&s;trils, and giving Narcotics inwardly.</P>
<P>If it proceed from &s;harp External Objects, let &s;weet Milk, or the mucilage of Quince and Fleawort &s;eeds, or the Infu&s;ion of Fennel and Ani&s;eeds in Vinegar be injected into the No&s;e.</P>
</DIV5>
<DIV5 N="2" TYPE="article">
<HEAD>ART. II. <HI>Of Di&s;orders of the Voice.</HI></HEAD>
<P>THE <HI>Voice</HI> is the &s;ound of the Air expell'd by the Wind Pipe, and con&s;equently differs from Speech which is form'd by the Tongue. The fir&s;t di&s;order 'tis Ob|noxious to is that of a Total Abolition, which may ari&s;e from three &s;ources. 1. When the Mu&s;cles of the Wind Pipe are Paralytic, and do not &s;quee&s;e out the Air; as if a redundancy of moi&s;ture over-charge 'em, or if the Recur|rent Nerves are Cut, or if an Apoplectic di&s;order &s;ieze the Spirits. 2. When the Mu&s;cles and Nerves of the Wind Pipe are Contracted by Convul&s;ions, &s;o that they hinder the Pa&s;&s;age of the Air. Thus the &s;mall Pox, a recent Clap, and Worms have been ob&s;erv'd for its Authors. 3. When the Spirits are &s;uddenly di&s;order'd by Fear, or Violent Pa&s;&s;ion.</P>
<P>If a want of Voice Accompany an Apoplexy, or malig|nant Feavers, or the Hickets, 'tis an ill Omen. If follow'd by a Loo&s;ene&s;s (to which &s;tammering Per&s;ons are Obnoxi|ous) it generally di&s;appears.</P>
<P>For Cure; The Irritation mu&s;t be appeas'd; The Pal&s;y remov'd; Or the prevailing humidity di&s;pell'd. For which end the Spirit of Sal-armoniac Di&s;till'd with Oyl of Amber and E&s;&s;ence of Ca&s;tor, the Spirit of Wine impreg|nated with Lavender Flowers, the Sudorific Decoctions of Woods, and Chewing Medicines are proper; as al&s;o Blood|ing in &s;ome Ca&s;es. Externally, we apply Bags of Aroma|tic Ingredients &s;prinkled with Spirit of Wine, or that of
<PB N="163" REF="91">Ants; Venice Treacle, or Bal&s;am of Peru mix'd with the E&s;&s;ence of Ca&s;tor and the Oyls (by Decoction) of Am|ber, Lavender, Spike, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Or the mouth may be Gargled as follows.</P>
<P>Take of Sage and Ro&s;emary Leaves, of each a hand|ful; Rocket and Mu&s;tard &s;eeds, of each a dram; Boyl them in a Clo&s;e Ve&s;&s;el. To a Pound of the &s;train'd De|coction, add of the Spirit of Black Cherries, and Spirit of Sal-armoniac, of each a dram; Hony of Ro&s;emary Flow|ers, a dram. Mix for a Gargari&s;m.</P>
<P>The &s;econd di&s;order of the Voice is a <HI>Hoar&s;ene&s;s;</HI> occa&s;i|on'd by a prevailing moi&s;ture in the Wind Pipe, &s;eparated by the Glandules in&s;erted into it, and the Glandulous Membran that lines it within. A Recent Hoar&s;ene&s;s &s;up|po&s;es a thin humor; but the Inveterat argues it thick and &s;limy. The Remote Cau&s;es are either External or Inter|nal. The former are acid Fumes, &s;harp Liquors, much &s;peaking, or whatever Irritats the Wind Pipe and Promotes the Con&s;triction of its Glandules. The latter are the Pre|valency of a &s;harp tickling &s;erum in its Glandules, as in the Scurvy, <HI>French</HI> Pox, and a Cough; the &s;tuffing of the No&s;e, and the Indi&s;po&s;ition of the Lungs. If a Hoar&s;e|ne&s;s be Inveterat, and Spring from Internal Cau&s;es, 'tis very dangerous.</P>
<P>The Cure is vary'd according to the Con&s;i&s;tence of the Peccant Lymph. If it be thin and &s;harp it di&s;covers it &s;elf by its manner of tickling, and the thinne&s;s of what is ca&s;t up: And requires tempering, thickening, Pacific Medicines; (Purgatives being fir&s;t premis'd if there be occa&s;ion.) Such are the Syrup of Poppies, or Diacodium, Liquorice, the Juice of Rapes, Rai&s;ins, <HI>Sperma Ceti</HI> given to a dram in a warm Vehicle, the mucilage of Mar&s;hmallow Roots, the Oyl of Sugar, the Bal&s;am and Flowers of Sulphur, Myrrh, and e&s;pecially the Syrup of Jujubes. As,</P>
<P>Take of the Syrup of white Poppies, &s;ix drams; Syrups of Violets, Liquorice and Jujubes, of each half an ounce: Rob of Mulberries, three drams. Make a licking mix|ture. Or,</P>
<P>Take of the Juice of Liquorice, two drams; Myrrh, a dram; Tragacanth a Scruple; Clarify'd Sugar, two ounces. With Ro&s;e Water; Make Tablets to be gradually melted in the mouth.</P>
<P>If the Hoar&s;ene&s;s be Inveterat, and the Eymph become Thick and Cru&s;ty, Bleeding is Pernicious; but Attenuating
<PB N="164" REF="92">Ingredients are proper. Such are Hedg-mu&s;tard, or its &s;eed form'd into an Electuary with the Pulp of Corants; The Bal&s;am of Sulphur with the Pow|der of Cuckowpint Roots, the Spirit of Sal-armoniac, Cu|bebs, the thicken'd Juice of Coleworts; Oxymel of Squills; and an Electuary made of Hony, Elecampane Roots, Sage, and Water Germander-leaves. Or,</P>
<P>Take of Scabious Water, three ounces; the A&s;thmatical Water, &s;ix drams; Spirit of Sal-armoniac Ani&s;ated, a dram and a half; Syrup of Hy&s;&s;op, and Syrup of Hedg Mu&s;tard, of each &s;ix drams. Mix for a Potion.</P>
<P>Take of the Clarify'd Juice of Coleworts, two ounces; Powder of Cuckowpint Roots, a dram; With Oxymel of Squills, make an Electuary.</P>
</DIV5>
<DIV5 N="3" TYPE="article">
<HEAD>ART. III. <HI>Of a Cough.</HI></HEAD>
<P>A Cough is a frequent and interrupted Ex&s;piration, or Convul&s;ion of the Middriff and Mu&s;cles of the Brea&s;t, attended by a Con&s;triction of the Wind Pipe, without which 'twould make no Noi&s;e. The Immediat cau&s;e is the Irritation and Provocation of the Wind Pipe, or Lungs; or of the Mu&s;cles Dedicated for Re&s;piration. This may proceed either from an irritating matter Seated directly in the&s;e places: Or from a foreign Cau&s;e conveying its Influ|ence, by the Commerce of the Nerves, and creating a Con|vul&s;ive dry Cough, &s;uch as Hypochondriac and Hy&s;teric Per&s;ons, or tho&s;e in who&s;e Bodies an Acid prevails, are very liable to. But we &s;hall confine our thoughts to that which proceeds from the immediat Influence of &s;ome material cau&s;e. And in order to form a di&s;tinct Idaea of it, &s;hall con&s;ider both its External and Internal Cau&s;es, &s;uppo&s;ing &s;till that the di&s;tinction of a dry and wet Cough is minded and under&s;tood.</P>
<P>The External Cau&s;es are acid mineral fumes, &s;harp li|quors, hard Food and an Intemperat Air. The acid fumes and &s;harp particles of Air tickle the Wind Pipe, and Pitui|tous Membran that lines the Palat, and by influencing the Nerves of the Mu&s;cles of the Brea&s;t (which &s;pring from the &s;ame branch of the Interco&s;tal Nerve, as tho&s;e of the Wind Pipe) occa&s;ion the Contraction of the Brea&s;t and Ex|pul&s;ion
<PB N="165" REF="92">pul&s;ion of what it contains. In like manner &s;harp liquors or grating Food, by tickling that part of the Gullet which immediatly joyns the Wind Pipe, produce the &s;ame effect. Now this Irritation at the fir&s;t occa&s;ions a dry Cough, and &s;queezes only a thin &s;erum from the Contracted Glandules. But if it continue long the parts are inflam'd or corroded, and their Nouri&s;hment degenerats into a &s;limy, thick mat|ter, which Chri&s;teus it a wet Cough. The Ancients ima|gin'd that this matter either Di&s;till'd from the Head, or was depo&s;ited in the Lungs by the Blood; but they were mi&s;ta|ken, &s;ince this vicious matter is rather the effect than the cau&s;e of a Cough.</P>
<P>The Internal cau&s;es relating to a wet Cough, are &s;eated either in the Wind Pipe and Lungs, or in the Gullet and Sto|mac. Tho&s;e in the Wind Pipe and Lungs are the &s;harp|ne&s;s of the &s;erum depo&s;ited by the Blood, Ulcers, Impo&s;t|humes, Inflammations, Morbifical matter transfer'd thither in the Declen&s;ion of Acute Di&s;ea&s;es, Stagnation of Blood in the Lungs, and the &s;uppuration of a Pleuri&s;y, <HI>Empyema,</HI> or <HI>Peripueumonia.</HI> Now all the&s;e cau&s;es occa&s;ion the Col|lection of Irritating humors, and convert the Nutritious Juice of the parts into a thick, &s;ordid, purulent matter; Nay, &s;ometimes carry the Curruption &s;o high that pieces of the very Lungs and Veins, Worms, Stones, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> are ca&s;t up.</P>
<P>The Internal cau&s;es of a wet Cough relating to the Sto|mac, are a defluxion of a vi&s;cid Lymph from the hinder <HI>Membrana Pituitaria</HI> into the Stomac, or Indige&s;ted Cru|dities collected about its upper Orifice; but e&s;pecially the fir&s;t. This Lymph falling from the Membran into the Sto|mac, gave occa&s;ion to the Error of the Ancients in refer|ing &s;uch Catarrhs to the Head. When it irritates the Sto|mac, e&s;pecially tho&s;e parts which joyn the Wind Pipe and Middriff, it occa&s;ions their Con&s;triction which &s;eldom cea&s;es till &s;ome part of the offending matter be ca&s;t up. The&s;e Coughs proceeding from the Stomac, are more frequent than tho&s;e from the Brea&s;t; from whence we may di&s;cover the mi&s;take of tho&s;e who fancy'd that the matter ca&s;t up by Coughing came always from the Lungs.</P>
<P>The Internal cau&s;e of a dry Cough, is the &s;harpne&s;s of the Lymph watring the Throat, and &s;eparated by its Glan|dules for that purpo&s;e; occa&s;ion'd by a weak Dige&s;tion, or Crudity of the Chyle in the Ma&s;s of Blood. Sometimes a thin &s;alin humor provoking the upper Orifice of the Sto|mac,
<PB N="166" REF="93">doth likewi&s;e cau&s;e a vehement dry Cough, as the Chin Cough of Children. But if the humor or Lymph be|come thick, it degenerats into a wet one. In the Pa|roxy&s;ms of Intermitting Feavers, we frequently meet with dry Coughs that proceed from a vicious fermentation of the humors in the <HI>Duodenum,</HI> irritating the Stomac, and con&s;equently the Middriff and Wind Pipe. Preternatural Excre&s;cences in the Lungs and Organs of Re&s;piration, may be al&s;o li&s;ted among the cau&s;es of dry Coughs.</P>
<P>As for the Diagno&s;tics of Coughs. A wet Cough is known by the vi&s;cous matter it brings up; as a dry one by its &s;mall quantity of thin &s;erum. As for wet Coughs, a &s;uperficial &s;ound, ea&s;y Re&s;piration, and the high &s;eat of the Pain, di&s;cover their Original from the Wind Pipe; as a dif|ficult Re&s;piration, or an aptne&s;s to Cough upon a large In|&s;piration, a hollow hoar&s;e &s;ound follow'd immediatly by evacuation, night Feavers and Phthi&s;ical Symptoms, re|fer 'em to the Lungs: But a pain and weight under the pit of the Brea&s;t, attended &s;ometimes by a difficult Re&s;pi|ration and Vomiting of Phlegm, a deep hollow &s;ound with a tearing fierce Cough, and Pro&s;tration of the Appetit, a&s;cribe 'em to the Stomac. A dry Cough proceeding from &s;harp &s;alti&s;h Lymph relents in the Day time, and towards evening rea&s;&s;umes its former force, with a gentle &s;hivering, follow'd by a Violent Heat, and Night Feavers. Such are tho&s;e that u&s;her in the &s;mall Pox, or Phthi&s;ics, or follow the retreat of Curicular Eruptions in Children. Their Nocturnal Exacerbations are common to all Lymphatic Di&s;ea&s;es, and are in &s;ome mea&s;ure caus'd by the want of equal tran&s;piration with that of the Day. But the&s;e dry Coughs always become wet by continuance. The Coughs that Old and Arthritic Per&s;ons are &s;ubject to, &s;eem to pro|ceed from a weak Dige&s;tion in the Stomac, where the crude vi&s;cid matter a&s;&s;embles and provokes the adjacent Wind Pipe and Middriff. Sometimes Pectoral and Stoma|chical, Moi&s;t and Convul&s;ive Coughs are mutually Com|plicated.</P>
<P>Violent Inveterat Coughs threaten Ruptures, or Mi&s;car|rying; and promote infirmities of the Head and Eyes. A &s;tomachical Cough continuing long, viriats the Lymph and Produces a Phthific, as al&s;o the Nocturnal dry Coughs. To Scorbutical or Hydropical Per&s;ons, any Cough is an ill Omen.</P>
<PB N="167" REF="93">
<P>The cure con&s;i&s;ts in allaying the Irritation, and remov|ing the offen&s;ive cau&s;e; for which ends Opiats, Vomits, Thickening, Attenuating and Vulnerary Med'cines are in u&s;e. However, for obtaining a di&s;tinct method of cure, let the following directions be minded.</P>
<P N="1">1. <HI>Opium</HI> is not convenient in wet Coughs (<HI>viz.</HI> Tho&s;e attended by a vi&s;cid matter) till the Univer&s;al Evacuati|ons are premis'd. A dry cough caus'd by External Air, or Mineral &s;teams, is admirably cur'd by <HI>Laudanum Opiatum</HI> in the Beginning. To which we add <HI>Sylvius</HI>'s Pills of Storax; The Decoction of Zedoary in Wine; The Decoction of Rai|&s;ins and Elecampane Roots in Wine; Or of Juniper berries in Ale; taken in order to &s;weat. For Pre&s;ervatives again&s;t the Influence of the Air, we may anoint the No&s;trils with the Di&s;till'd Oyls of Anis, Amber and Mace; and &s;nuff up the Powder of black Hellebor mix'd with Sugar and Oyl of Cloves.</P>
<P N="2">2. If an accidental dry Cough by continuance become moi&s;t, and void &s;limy matter, let a Vomit be fir&s;t ex|hibited, and then Opiats, follow'd by Pectoral Vulnerary Pre&s;criptions if the matter be lodg'd in the Brea&s;t, and Sto|machical Arematics if it lye in the Stomac. The Pecto|ral Ingredients are Ground-Ivy, Chervil, Speedwell, Scabi|ons, Elecampane Roots, Coltsfoot, and Sa&s;&s;afras. The Stomachical are, Mint, Zedoary, <HI>Elixyr Proprietatis,</HI> &amp;c.</P>
<P N="3">3. A wet Pectoral Cough is formally cur'd by Attenu|ating and Expectorating Ingredients interlac'd with Vomits, or moderat Purges; and follow'd by Vulnerary Medicines for healing the corroded parts.</P>
<P>The Attenuating Ingredients are Cuckowpint Roots, the fre&s;h Juice of Radi&s;hes given with Sugar, the Decoction of Horehound or of Elecampane, Gum Ammoniac, Ground Ivy, Hy&s;&s;op, Ginger, Syrup of Tobacco, Oxymel of Squills, Hedg Mu&s;tard, Spirit of Sal-armoniac, Ani&s;eeds, and the Carminative Spirit <HI>de tribus</HI> given to forty drops thrice a day.</P>
<P>Take of Hy&s;&s;op Water, two ounces; Speedwell Water, an ounce; A&s;thmatical Water, half an ounce; Spirit of Sal-armoniac, a dram; Syrup of Tobacco, an ounce. Mix, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P>The Vulnerary Ingredients are the flowers of Sulphur, the Bal&s;am of Sulphur Ani&s;ated given to fifteen drops in the yelk of an Egg twice a day, Benzoin, Poterius's Anti|hectic, Diaphoretic Antimony, and the Vulnerary Plants.</P>
<PB N="168" REF="94">
<P>Take of Crabs Eyes, and Flowers of Sulphur, of each a Scruple; <HI>Laudanum Opiatum,</HI> a Grain; Di&s;till'd Oyl of Anis, a drop; make a Powder.</P>
<P>Take of the Herbs Speedwell, Ground Ivy and Scabious, of each a handful; Chervil, a handful and a half; Shav|ings of Sa&s;&s;afras, an ounce. Boyl them in Water, adding at la&s;t Bruis'd Corants, two ounces; Liquorice Roots, an ounce; And after 'tis taken off the fire, three drams of Cin|namon hung in a Bag.</P>
<P N="4">4. A wet Stomachical Cough proceeding from a vi&s;cid matter in the Stomac is cur'd by exhibiting fir&s;t Vomits, then Purges mix'd with attenuating Ingredients; As,</P>
<P>Take of the Pills of Hiera with Agaric, fifteen Grains; Gum Ammoniac di&s;&s;olv'd in Vinegar, half a &s;cruple; Ex|tract of Troches Alhandal, two Grains; Di&s;till'd Oyl of Anis, two drops. With E&s;&s;ence of Gum Ammoniac, make Pills. Sweet Mercury may al&s;o be added.</P>
<P>After Purgation it will be requi&s;ite to prepare the matter for Expectoration by attenuating Compo&s;itions; and to|wards the end, when the vi&s;cid matter is in good mea&s;ure evacuated, we may add the Syrup of Poppies, As,</P>
<P>Take of Ouckowpint Roots, a dram and a half; Gum Ammoniac di&s;&s;olv'd in Vinegar, Ma&s;tic, of each a Scruple; Tartar Vitriolated, half a dram. With Sugar di&s;&s;olv'd in Mint Water, make Tablets.</P>
<P>Take of Hy&s;&s;op and Mint Water, of each an ounce; A&s;thmatical Water, &s;ix drams; Cinnamon and Oxymel of Squills, of each an ounce; Gum Ammoniac di&s;&s;olv'd in Vinegar of Squills, two drams; Dulcify'd Spirit of Salt, as much as &s;ufficieth. Mix. Do&s;e a &s;poonful now and then.</P>
<P>After the u&s;e of attenuating Medicines, 'twill be proper to &s;trengthen the Stomac by <HI>Elixyr Proprietatis,</HI> E&s;&s;ence of E|lecampane, Decoction of Zedoary, Spirit of Sal-armoniac, E&s;&s;ence of Saffron; and Chocolat which is u&s;eful again&s;t all Coughs; As Sage and Water Germander Leaves, Flow|ers of Sulphur, and <HI>Laudanum Opiatum,</HI> mix'd with the Syrup <HI>Diacodium</HI> in the form of an Electuary, are very convenient again&s;t all wet Coughs.</P>
<P N="5">5. Dry Nocturnal Coughs proceeding from the acidity and &s;altne&s;s of the Lymph, are cur'd by Volatil Su|dorifics mix'd with Opiats, a Vomit being premis'd if it be needful. The Volatil &s;udorifies are the Spi|rit of Sal-armoniac, or the Spirit of Hart&s;horn &s;uccinated,
<PB N="169" REF="94">mix'd with the E&s;&s;ence of <HI>Opium,</HI> Amber, Myrrh, Sylvius's Pills of Storax; to which we may &s;ubjoyn the Incra&s;&s;ating Pectorals, &s;uch as the Flowers of Sulphur given to a &s;cru|ple in a Potch'd Egg, Benzoin, <HI>Sperma Ceti;</HI> the Di&s;till'd Oyl of Anis and Fennel, the Syrup of Jujubes, the De|coction of Rapes (a very &s;ucce&s;sful Medicine) the Juice of Liquorice Purg'd from its Adulterating Ingredients by a Di&s;&s;olution in Hy&s;&s;op Water, Gum Arabic, Mar&s;hmallow Roots, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> For Example.</P>
<P>Take of the Spirit of Sal-armoniac Succinated, Tincture of Sulphur, of each a dram; E&s;&s;ence of <HI>Opium,</HI> half a dram. Mix. Do&s;e forty drops, to be taken two hours be|fore Supper.</P>
<P>Take of prepar'd Amber, half a &s;cruple; choice Myrrh, and Volatil &s;alt of Amber, of each five Grains; Extract of Saffron, two or four Grains; <HI>Laudanum Opiatum,</HI> one or two Grains; With the E&s;&s;ence of Sa&s;&s;afras make Pills, to be taken two hours before Supper.</P>
<P>Take of the flowers of Sulphur, Benzoin, Prepar'd Am|ber, of each half a dram; Frankincen&s;e and Gum Arabic, of each a &s;cruple; Extract of Saffron, half a &s;cruple; <HI>Lau|danum Opiatum,</HI> three Grains; With Sugar di&s;&s;olv'd in Fen|nel Water, make Tablets to be &s;prinkled with the Di&s;till'd Oyl of Anis.</P>
<P>Take of <HI>Sperma Ceti,</HI> a dram; Flowers of Benzoin, a &s;cruple; Myrrh and Volatil &s;alt of Amber, of each half a &s;cruple; <HI>Laudanum Opiatum,</HI> four Grains. Make a Pow|der for four Do&s;es.</P>
<P>Take of the con&s;erve of red Ro&s;es, two ounces; <HI>Poteri|us</HI>'s Antihectic, a dram and a half; the flowers of &s;ulphur, and Powder <HI>Diaireos,</HI> of each two &s;cruples. With <HI>Diaco|dium.</HI> Make an Electuary.</P>
<P>Take of white Henbane &s;eeds, white Poppy &s;eeds, of each half a dram; Frankincen&s;e and Myrrh, of each a &s;cruple; Saffron, half a &s;cruple; thicken'd Juice of Liquorice, a dram; Sugar of Mar&s;hmallows Prepar'd with the mucilage of Mar&s;hmallows, half an ounce; Gum Tragacanth di&s;|&s;olv'd in Ro&s;e Water, a dram. <HI>Laudanum Opiatum,</HI> a few Grains. Make &s;mall Tablets to be melted gradually in the mouth.</P>
<P>Take of the Con&s;erve of Ro&s;emary flowers, Con&s;erve of Betony flowers, Con&s;erve of Marygold flowers, of each three drams; Prepar'd Amber, two drams; Myrrh, two &s;cruples; Benzoin and Frankincen&s;e, of each a &s;cruple.
<PB N="170" REF="95">With &s;ugar di&s;&s;olv'd in the Water of Wild Thyme; Make Tablets and Spinkle 'em with the Di&s;till'd Oyl of Amber.</P>
<P>Take of the Roots of <HI>Florentin Orris,</HI> two drams; Flowers of &s;ulphur, a dram; Di&s;till'd Oyl of Anis, half a dram; Di&s;till'd Oyl of Fennel, fifteen drops; White Sugar, three drams. Make a Powder, of which exhibit a dram twice a day.</P>
<P>Take of the Extract of &s;ulphur Pulveris'd, twelve Grains; Extract of Saffron, two Grains; Choice Myrrh, four Grains; <HI>Laudanum Opiatum,</HI> a Grain; With the E&s;|&s;ence of Amber, Make Pills.</P>
<P>Take of Storax, Extract of Liquorice, <HI>Olibanum,</HI> Myrrh, and <HI>Laudanum Opiatum,</HI> of each half a dram; Ori|ental Saffron, a &s;cruple. With the Syrup of white Poppies, Make Pills. This is the Compo&s;ition of <HI>Sylvius</HI>'s Pills of Storax which are of Excellent u&s;e in Nocturnal Coughs. The Juice of Liquorice is frequently adulterated, and do's more harm then good; To prevent this Inconvenience, 'twill be requi&s;it to pre&s;cribe always the Juice of <HI>Spani&s;h</HI> Liquorice, or at lea&s;t to di&s;&s;olve the ordinary Juice of Li|quorice in Hy&s;&s;op Water, and Strain it before it be thic|ken'd; that &s;o the impure dregs may be &s;eparated.</P>
<P>Take of the Powder <HI>Diaireos,</HI> a dram; flowers of &s;ulphur, half a dram; <HI>Laudanum Opiatum,</HI> three Grains. Make Pills for three Do&s;es.</P>
<P>If the Nocturnal Feaver be trouble&s;om; Take of Scabi|ous Water, four ounces; A&s;thmatical Water, half a dram; Spirit of Hart&s;horn &s;uccinated, a dram and a half; Diaco|dium, &s;ix drams. Mix and Exhibit before the Paroxy&s;m, in order to &s;weat.</P>
<P>Towards the fini&s;hing of the cure, 'twill not be impro|per to Purge, thus; Take of <HI>Crato</HI>'s Pills of Amber, &s;ixteen Grains; Extract of Agarie, eight Grains; Troches Alhan|dal and Scammony &s;ulphurated, of each two Grains. With the E&s;&s;ence of Sa&s;&s;afras. Make Pills.</P>
<P N="6">6. If a dry Noctural Cough continue &s;o long that it be|gins to void Corrupt matter, and that the Lungs are Ulce|rated, let a draught of the Decoction of Guajacum and Sa&s;&s;afras, or of China and Rai&s;ins, be exhibited every morn|ing; and Opiats at Night. And apply an Ointment of Hogs Tallow and Onyon Heads to the Feet in the Evening, for three days together.</P>
<P N="7">7. The dry Chin Cough ari&s;ing from the Stomac, is cur'd thus. Fir&s;t give a Vomit, then exhibit twice a day a &s;poon|ful
<PB N="171" REF="95">of the Decoction of Electampane and Corants in <HI>Spani&s;h</HI> Wine, mix'd with Diacodium. The Decoction of Rapes is equally effectual, both in this and all other dry Coughs. Or,</P>
<P>Take of the Compound Tincture of Tartar, two drams; Spirit of Sal-armoniac Ani&s;ated, a dram; E&s;&s;ence of <HI>Opi|um,</HI> half a dram. Do&s;e forty drops thrice a day.</P>
<P>In General; All dry Coughs are treated as Catarrhs, and the moi&s;t &s;ort as wet A&s;thma's.</P>
<P N="8">8. As for the Convul&s;ive Coughs ari&s;ing by &s;ympathy from the influence of foreign Membrans, they are cur'd, as Convul&s;ions, by Volatil Salts.</P>
<P N="9">9. If the Throat and Palat be excoriated, 'tis cu&s;toma|ry to give &s;ome thickening licking Medicines for defending the Pa&s;&s;age. This gave occa&s;ion to the Vulgar mi&s;take, as if &s;uch licking Medicines &s;hould drop into the Wind Pipe, whereas they only keep the throat ea&s;y. Such are the Sy|rups of Jujubes, Coltsfoot, Liquorice; and the Oyl of &s;u|gar thus Prepar'd.</P>
<P>Take of the Spirit and Oyl of Juniper berries, of each four ounces; White &s;ugar, two ounces. Kindle the Spirit; and the Sugar, or Oyl will remain. Which mix with the Extract of Saffron to be often lick'd of.</P>
</DIV5>
<DIV5 N="4" TYPE="article">
<HEAD>ART. IV. <HI>Of a Choaking Catarrh.</HI></HEAD>
<P>THAT which the Ancients call'd a Choaking Catarrh, is a Di&s;ea&s;e cau&s;ing difficult Re&s;piration, and Threa|tening Suffocation; which &s;eems to be Complicated of an A&s;thma, Cough, and Hoar&s;ene&s;s. The Ancients fancy'd that a Catarrh falls from the Head, and overflows the Lungs; But Anatomy affords no Pa&s;&s;age for &s;uch a de&s;cent, and therefore we &s;hall wave their Opinions. For the mo&s;t part Convul&s;ive A&s;thma's are mi&s;call'd Catarrhs; or whatever &s;ymptom of this Nature is different from them, may be ca&s;t into the&s;e four Heads.</P>
<P N="1">1. A fear of &s;uffocation may in&s;ue when the Lungs are &s;tuff'd and provok'd to Contract their fibres by a vi&s;cid He|terogeneous Acid; as if &s;ulphureous fumes &s;hould &s;tick to 'em like foot to a Chimney, they'd provoke the Lungs to
<PB N="172" REF="96">contract and &s;quee&s;e out Lymph, with which they joyn in the form of a new Concrete, till being concocted together they find a vent by Expectoration. Upon which the Con|traction and Difficulty of Breathing cea&s;es; But the Nu|tritious Juice of the Lungs is &s;o deprav'd that they re|tain a Propen&s;ity to relap&s;e upon the lea&s;t occa&s;ion. The acid that prevails in Children renders them al&s;o liable to this &s;ymptom. 'Tis cur'd by Opiats and Thickening Medicines.</P>
<P N="2">2. When the Head of the Wind Pipe and Epiglottis are provok'd to Contraction, as when a bit of Bread falling into it cau&s;es a Coughing, Hoar&s;ene&s;s, difficult breath|ing and voiding of matter. The cau&s;e in re&s;pect of the Larynx, is either External or Internal. The former is a vi&s;cous thick Lymph falling from the hinder <HI>Mem|brana Pituitaria</HI> into the Wind Pipe, e&s;pecially in the Night time and when the Patient lies on his back, which Irritats and Tickles the Head of the Wind Pipe, provokes the Epiglottis to &s;hut and hinder Re&s;piration, occa&s;ions a hoar&s;ene&s;s, &s;noring and &s;pitting of thin mat|ter, which in proce&s;s of time becomes thick and con|cocted. The latter is a &s;harp Lymph, lodg'd within the Wind Pipe and producing the like effects.</P>
<P>As for cure, if it proceed from the cau&s;e that is Ex|ternal or Foreign to the Wind Pipe, it requires a Vo|mit and Attenuating Medicines, <HI>viz.</HI> The Juice of Ra|di&s;hes, Syrup of Tobacco, Gum Ammoniac, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> And in a word, the &s;ame cure with the Inveterat moi&s;t Gough. As for Example.</P>
<P>Take of Hy&s;&s;op Water, Mint Water, and the Water of Tobacco, of each an ounce; The A&s;thmatical Water, &s;ix drams; Oxymel of Squills, half an ounce; Syrup of Tobacco &s;ix drams, or an ounce. Mix and make a Potion, of which give a &s;poonful now and then: Or,</P>
<P>Take of Hy&s;&s;op Water and Scabious Water, of each an ounce and a half; The A&s;thmatical Water, &s;ix drams; Gum Ammoniac di&s;&s;olv'd in Vinegar, a dram; Syrup of Scabious, an ounce; Mix and Exhibit as above.</P>
<P>To the&s;e and &s;uch like mixtures, we may add opi|ats now and then. The Water of Hedge Mu&s;tard with Gum Ammoniac di&s;&s;olv'd in Vinegar, the Roots of Cuckowpint, and <HI>Michael</HI>'s A&s;thmatical Spirit Prepared from Verdigris and Gum Ammoniac, are al&s;o very pro|per.</P>
<PB N="173" REF="96">
<P>If this Symptom proceeds from an Internal cau&s;e, 'tis cur'd by &s;udorifics mix'd with Opiats, Vomits being premis'd if there be occa&s;ion; after the &s;ame manner as a dry Nocturnal Cough proceeding from a &s;harp Lymph.</P>
<P>Take of Mint Water, Scabious Water, Water of Mo|ther of Thyme, of each an ounce; A&s;thmatical Water, &s;ix drams; Spirit of Sal-armoniac Ani&s;ated, two drams; Flowers of &s;ulphur, half a dram; Syrup of Diacodi|um, an ounce. Mix and give a &s;poonful now and then. Or.</P>
<P>Take of the E&s;&s;ence again&s;t Catarrhs, three drams, the Spirit of Sal-armoniac Ani&s;ated, a dram. Mix and Exhibit a Convenient quantity frequently.</P>
<P>Take of <HI>Aqua Articularis ad Extra,</HI> two drams; Spi|rit of black Cherries, and of Lilly of the Vally, of each a dram; E&s;&s;ence of <HI>Opium,</HI> two &s;cruples. Mix and apply it with a warm Cloth to the Region of the <HI>La|rynx,</HI> e&s;pecially when the Per&s;on is &s;en&s;ible of a tickling, or con&s;triction in that part.</P>
<P>If this Di&s;ea&s;e return frequently let an I&s;&s;ue be cut in the Arm. Cly&s;ters, Blood-letting, Bli&s;tering Plai&s;ters, and all the Stratagems of the Ancients Calculated for Defluxions from the Head are of no u&s;e.</P>
<P N="3">3. The third &s;ort of Suffocation, or <HI>Catarrhus Suffo|cativus,</HI> happens when the Blood &s;tagnats in the Lungs. In this Ca&s;e it is coincident with a <HI>Syncope Cardiaca,</HI> approaches to a <HI>Peripneumonia,</HI> and is attended by the Symptoms of an Apoplexy. Nay, Apoplectic Per&s;ons, when Dead, have their Lungs &s;tuff'd after the &s;ame manner as tho&s;e who dye of this di&s;temper; And there|fore Hypocrates Styl'd it a &s;trangling <HI>Aph.</HI> 13. <HI>Sect.</HI> 2. The froth that &s;ometimes attends this Paroxy&s;m, pro|ceeds from the Impri&s;on'd Blood in the Lungs, when Rarify'd by Air: Thus, if we inject Oyl of Tur|pentin into a Dogs Veins, it congeals the Blood in the Lungs, and cau&s;es a plentiful evacuation of froth. The &s;lime that is al&s;o voided, proceeds from the Glan|dules of the Wind Pipe, which are provok'd to fre|quent Contractions by the Anxiety of the Brea&s;t; and &s;o &s;eparate large quantities of &s;erum, which accompa|nies the Air in Ex&s;piration. Be&s;ides, the Pituitous Mem|bran being &s;traiten'd by this Anxiety Di&s;tills a vi&s;cous Lymph upon the Wind Pipe, which helps to make up the quantity.</P>
<PB N="174" REF="97">
<P>The remote cau&s;es of this &s;tagnation (which the Ancients erroneou&s;ly mi&s;call'd a Catarrh) are. 1. The redundancy or over-bearing Turge&s;cence of Blood. 2. The Vi&s;cidity of the Blood occa&s;ion'd by Crude Chyle. 3. Its Coagula|tion caus'd by cold Air, by an incon&s;iderat a&s;&s;umption of cold Water immediatly after great heats; by fear, or by the Influence of a Vicious Acid. 4. The accidental ob&s;truction of the Lungs, by Stones, Excre&s;cences, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P>The &s;ymptoms are a &s;en&s;e of weight upon the Brea&s;t, dif|ficulty of breathing, danger of Choaking, a very &s;low pul&s;e, and &s;ometimes a Cough, and a fatal evacuation of froth and &s;lime. 'Tis di&s;tingui&s;h'd from an Apoplexy, by the difficulty of Re&s;piration, and lowne&s;s of the Pul&s;e.</P>
<P>For Cure; Blood-letting is ab&s;olutely nece&s;&s;ary; and ought to be perform'd betimes; after which a &s;harp Cly|&s;ter may be injected; and &s;carifying Cupping-Gla&s;&s;es appli|ed to &s;everal parts of the Body. Then give <HI>Sperma Ceti</HI> to a dram in Hy&s;&s;op Water. Gum Ammoniac di&s;&s;olv'd in Vinegar, or its Spirit Prepar'd with Verdigris, Saffron, Vo|latil &s;alt of Amber, Spirit of Hart&s;horn, Crabs Eyes, Dia|phoretic Antimony, the Juice of the flowers of red Da&s;ies, and the Vulnerary herbs, e&s;pecially the Juice of Radi&s;hes, are al&s;o very proper. As for the Ligatures, Frictions, Ca|tapla&s;ms, Plai&s;ters, Gargari&s;ms, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> recommended by the Ancients, they are of no u&s;e; as being only contriv'd in pur|&s;uit of their mi&s;take, a&s;&s;igning a Chimerical defluxion from the Head for the cau&s;e of this di&s;ea&s;e.</P>
<P>The&s;e three different &s;orts of choaking Di&s;ea&s;es, mi&s;call'd Catarrhs, ought to be carefully di&s;tingui&s;h'd; by rea&s;on that their Cures are &s;o very different.</P>
</DIV5>
</DIV4>
</DIV3>
<DIV3 N="15" TYPE="section">
<PB N="193" REF="97" MS="y">
<HEAD>SECT. XV. <HI>Of the accidents that di&s;turb the transformati|on of the Chyle; and fermentation of the Blood.</HI></HEAD>
<P>THE Chyle being &s;eparated in the Guts, and convey'd thro' the milky ve&s;&s;els into the Conduit of the Brea&s;t, joyns the Blood in the left Subclavian Vein; and by vertue of fermentation is wrought into the &s;ame colour, and con|&s;i&s;tence.</P>
<P>This Fermentation, which for the mo&s;t part a&s;&s;imilates the <HI>Chyle,</HI> &s;prings from the Vital Spirit, and &s;aline principle lodg'd in the Blood; which is enliven'd and reinforc'd by the continu'd &s;upplies of the air receiv'd in the Lungs. For the <HI>Chyle</HI> is carried up to the Subclavian Vein, in order to have a &s;horter pa&s;&s;age into the Lungs, where the mixt Com|po&s;ure of Blood and <HI>Chyle</HI> is di&s;&s;olv'd, and rarify'd; the acid and urinous Salts are di&s;engaged, and render'd volatil, which by ju&s;tling and encountring each the other produce a notable Fermentation; by virtue of which the Sulphureous and Vo|latil parts joyn together, and are inve&s;ted with a red Colour. Be&s;ides, the <HI>Chyle</HI> is tinctur'd with the Sulphur of the <HI>Choler</HI> in the Guts, and &s;o predi&s;pos'd to a likene&s;s and ea&s;y union with the Blood.</P>
<P>This Transformation of the <HI>Chyle</HI> is not accompli&s;h'd by one &s;ingle pa&s;&s;age thro' the Lungs, but mu&s;t be compleated by repeated Circulations along with the Blood. Which truth is plainly made out by the <HI>Chyle</HI> or Milky liquor that &s;wims upon Blood drawn forth, four or five hours after eating. So that the ma&s;s of Blood con&s;i&s;ts naturally of <HI>Chyle</HI> and Blood, which being perfectly mix'd make up an univocal Homogeneous Liquor. 'Tis true the Ancients &s;peak of four humours, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> as being different ingredients of the Blood, which they infer'd from the apparent unequal condition or the &s;everal parts of Blood drawn forth from the Body; but that is owing only to its Corruption, or alteration oc|ca&s;ion'd
<PB N="194" REF="98">by the Nitrous Salts of the Air. Upon which account all &s;pecial predictions, grounded on the external ap|pearance of Blood, are frivolous and uncertain.</P>
<P>This regular Fermentation and A&s;&s;imilation is di&s;ordered by the defects of the <HI>Chyle,</HI> or the Blood. The former may be ca&s;t into three heads. 1. When the <HI>Chyle</HI> is not &s;ufficiently dige&s;ted, attenuated, and volatilis'd in the Stomach. 2. When it is not duely tinctur'd with the Oyly Sulphur of the <HI>Choler.</HI> 3. When the Choleric or pancreatic Juices are tardy in &s;e|parating its dregs. The Latter into the&s;e. 1. When the Mo|tion of the Blood is rais'd beyond its natural pitch. 2. When 'tis depre&s;s'd and dimini&s;h'd. 3. When its &s;ub&s;tance is adulterated. The &s;igns by which we de&s;cry a di&s;orderly fermentation are the pul&s;e and urine. But they are oft-times fal|lacious. For the pul&s;e may be immediately influenc'd by the Animal Spirits, without any dependance upon the fermenta|tion of the Blood; and the Urine may be di&s;guis'd by drink|ing, or the di&s;orders of the &s;olid parts imploy'd in that &s;ervice.</P>
<P>The immediat cau&s;e of a di&s;orderly fermentation of the Blood, is the degeneracy of the Urinous and Acid Salts from their due proportion and harmony. The remote cau&s;es are; the various Contagious particles convey'd into the Body with the Air or any other vehicle; antecedent lo&s;&s;es of Blood, di&s;orders of the Bowels, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P>The Cure is perform'd by Saline Remedies calculated for the particular indi&s;po&s;ition of the Blood, and vary'd accord|ing to the difference of Temperaments. Of which more above.</P>
<DIV4 N="1" TYPE="chapter">
<PB N="195" REF="98">
<HEAD>CHAP. I. <HI>Of Feavers in general.</HI></HEAD>
<P>A Feaver is a vicious fermentation of the Blood, in which its temperament is deprav'd, and the whole Body di&s;|order'd. The infinite variety of Feaveri&s;h ferments, occa&s;ions a great many various depravations of the Blood. But in ge|neral, the formal E&s;&s;ence of all Feavers con&s;i&s;ts in a preterna|tural fermentation of the Blood, occa&s;ion'd by a foreign ferment, which &s;ometimes immediately affects the Blood, &s;ometimes the Spirits, and &s;ometimes both; at which time Nature indeavours to throw out the heterogeneous particles. In order to make this appear, let us Con&s;ider the following Remarks.</P>
<P N="1">1. That the eating of Summer Fruits frequently cau&s;es Fea|vers. Now the&s;e are indow'd with a notable propen&s;ity to ferment. 2. That Cold, or what ever impairs the in&s;en&s;ible tran&s;piration, produces the like effect. Now the Vicious Salts thus impri&s;on'd and overflowing in the Blood, cannot affect it any other way, than by creating a fermentation. 3. That Feavers in&s;ue the in&s;piration of Contagious particles, which naturally propagate by fermenting. 4. That the Rotten Feavers mention'd by the ancients, are only explica|ble by the Doctrine of fermentations; for no living thing can be properly intitled to putrefaction, unle&s;s by it be meant a turbulent confus'd motion, proceeding from the di&s;&s;olution of contrary Salts; as that of Spirit of <HI>Vitriol</HI> and Oyl of <HI>Tur|pentin.</HI></P>
<P>The Common Symptoms of Feavers are likewi&s;e vouch|ers for the fermentation that cau&s;es 'em. The&s;e are com|monly reckon'd four, <HI>viz.</HI> 1. An alteration of the pul&s;e. 2. A Chilne&s;s, &s;hivering, and &s;haking 3. Exce&s;&s;ive heat. 4. The Change of Urine, both as to the Liquor and what it con|tains.</P>
<P>As for the fir&s;t. A preternatural frequency of the pul&s;e, from an internal cau&s;e, is accounted by <HI>Silvius</HI> a peculiar and
<PB N="196" REF="99">infallible Symptom of a Feaver (tho' &s;ome malignant Feavers &s;eem to make an exception to the Rule.) For the mo&s;t part the pul&s;e is al&s;o &s;wifter. Now the&s;e effects are plainly re&s;olvable into the fermentation of the Blood, or the irri|tation of the Heart and Spirits, occa&s;ion'd by a foreign fer|ment.</P>
<P>As for the &s;econd: A Chilne&s;s, &s;hivering, and &s;haking differ only gradually. The fir&s;t is only a light Convul&s;ion of the Skin, and contraction of the pores, re&s;embling the &s;en&s;e of Cold; tho, in the mean while the Body feels hot to the Ex|ternal touch. If the mu&s;cles are likewi&s;e affected, it creates a &s;hivering, and &s;ometimes a &s;tiffne&s;s. The&s;e effects proceed from a prevalent Acid which twitches the membranous parts, and corrupts the ma&s;s of Blood. In the beginning of inter|mitting or Continual Feavers, the&s;e Convul&s;ions chiefly affect the internal and noble parts. But after the height of Malig|nant or Favourable Feavers they are &s;eated for the mo&s;t part in the external Membrans, and portend Critical eruptions.</P>
<P>The third Symptom is the immoderat Heat of the Body. I call it only a Symptom; for 'tis not E&s;&s;ential to a Fever, as &s;ome would have it. For &s;ome di&s;ea&s;es are attended with a preternatural Heat, that are not accompany'd by a Feaver, and be&s;ides, there are &s;ome Feavers that are not hot, but on the contrary notably Cold. Tho' this advance may &s;ound like a paradox, 'tis back'd by <HI>Hippocrates, Avicenna, Galen, Bartholin,</HI> and <HI>Helmont:</HI> Nay, I my &s;elf have met with an in&s;tance of an intermitting Feaver, that had no hot fits at all; which I cur'd, after the common evacuations, by a mixture of Spirit of <HI>Sal-armoniac</HI> and Spirit of <HI>Scurvy-gra&s;s,</HI> exhibited in the intermitting days, and a Powder of <HI>Tartar</HI> vitriolated, or Salt of <HI>Wormwood</HI> with prepar'd <HI>Crabs Eyes,</HI> taken &s;ome hours before the inva&s;ion of the <HI>Paroxy&s;m.</HI> To return to the pre|ternatural heat which for the mo&s;t part attends Feavers, 'tis &s;ometimes moi&s;t when the fibres of the Skin are unbended, and the &s;teams of the humours copiou&s;ly exhal'd. Sometimes when the&s;e fibres are contracted, 'tis dry. If the Acid Salts are not much exalted, 'tis meek and tolerable; but if the&s;e &s;harper Salts abound in the Blood, the heat gives a biting and fiery impre&s;&s;ion to the external Organs of touching.</P>
<P>This preternatural Heat &s;prings immediatly from the boyling and &s;truggling of the Salts in the ma&s;s of Blood. The Occa&s;ional Cau&s;e is an Acid, which &s;ometimes infects chiefly the Spirits; and then the heat is remi&s;&s;er, than when it prin|cipally affects the Blood. It de&s;troys the e&s;tabli&s;h'd propor|tion
<PB N="197" REF="99">of the Salts, and &s;o gives ri&s;e to vicious: fermenta|tions. To make good this a&s;&s;ertion, namely, that an Acid is the principal author of exce&s;&s;ive heat, and con&s;equently of Feavers them&s;elves; it will not be improper to mention the following Ob&s;ervations.</P>
<P N="1">1. All wounds and ulcers are offended by Acids, by rea|&s;on of the Inflammation and heat occa&s;ion'd by them. And <HI>Alcali's</HI> perform the cure. 2. Pleuri&s;ies, Quin&s;ies, and all inflammations, are &s;till attended by acute hot Feavers. Now they are the product of Acids, and yield only to <HI>Alcalin</HI> Remedies. 3. The &s;ame may be &s;aid of St. <HI>Antony</HI>'s fire. 4. In|termitting Feavers &s;pring from an Acid Crudity prevail|ing in the &s;tomach, and are only cur'd by ab&s;orbent <HI>Alcali's.</HI> 5. Catarrhous feavers proceed from the Acid &s;harpne&s;s of the <HI>Limpha,</HI> and are cur'd by Volatil temperat Medicines. 6. The Mea&s;les and Small-pox are attended with a remark|able heat and Feaver before the eruption. Now the preva|lency of an Acid in the&s;e ca&s;es is plainly evinc'd by the cor|ro&s;ion of the Skin, &s;uppuration of the Pimples, and method of Cure. 7. Arthritic pains are oft-times u&s;her'd in by Fea|veri&s;h Symptoms. Now, their Cau&s;e is an Acid, and the cure con&s;i&s;ts in &s;ubduing it. 8. The Feavers which follow the &s;topping of an itch or cru&s;ty &s;cab in Children, are the natural offspring of the Acids retain'd in the Body, by means of that &s;uppre&s;&s;ion. 9. Hectic Feavers always attend pu|rulent internal Ulcers, which partake of acidity. 10. Chil|dren are oft-times &s;eiz'd with Feavers and gripings, by virtue of the corrupt Acid of the Milk. 11. The high Colour of the Urine in Feavers mu&s;t needs proceed from a prevalent Acid; for <HI>Alcali's</HI> give a contrary Tincture. 12. Immoderat u&s;e of Wine produces the &s;ame Symptoms as a Feaver, by means of its Acid Tartareous parts. 13. Hypochondriac per&s;ons are obnoxious to Inflammations, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> by rea&s;on of the prevailing Acidity in the fir&s;t pa&s;&s;ages. 14. The Heart-burning re&s;em|bles the Symptoms of a Feaver, and is caus'd by a gnawing Acid in the mouth of the &s;tomac. 15. That according to <HI>Tachenius,</HI> the hot vegetable Remedies are proper again&s;t a predominant Acid; and the cold vegetables again&s;t an <HI>Alcali.</HI> The plain truth is this. All hot vegetables have a fat ro&s;inous Acid, which if &s;et at liberty is notably hot; but if they be dige&s;ted with fix'd Salts, the fat Acid is retain'd by the fix'd Salt, and then they yield a thin meagre Spirit, of noted excellency in hot di&s;ea&s;es; as I have often experienc'd by the &s;imple Spirit of <HI>Sal-armoniac.</HI> 16. That the pain and
<PB N="198" REF="100">heat remaining after burning, proceeds from the keen Acid particles &s;hot into the part; and is remov'd by <HI>Alcali's.</HI></P>
<P>Some derive the exce&s;&s;ive heat attending Feavers from the Bile; but &s;everal medicines near ally'd to the Choler expel the heat; and be&s;ides, its Patrons cannot determin whether it &s;hould proceed from its <HI>Acid</HI> or <HI>Alcali,</HI> &s;ince 'tis equally intitled to the po&s;&s;e&s;&s;ion of both.</P>
<P>The fourth Symptom is the Alteration of Urine. When the <HI>Chyle</HI> or Blood is viciated, Nature indeavours to di&s;charge the Heterogeneous particles by this pa&s;&s;age; which accord|ingly impart to the Urine a high or flat tincture, according to the degree of the peccant Acid; which is equally the Cau&s;e of this and all other Symptoms attending Feavers.</P>
<P>The immediat &s;ubject of Feavers is the Blood and Spirits. The alteration of Pul&s;e and Urine clearly infers that the Blood is affected; the Critical Sweats, the <HI>Jaundice,</HI> and &s;ometimes the Acid tincture of the Blood en&s;uing Feavers, are plain Demon&s;trations of the &s;ame truth. The feaveri&s;h tendency of Aches, the efficacy of <HI>Opium</HI> in appea&s;ing febrile commo|tions, and the nature of &s;ome malignant Feavers that produce no notable alteration in the Blood and Urine, make it to ap|pear, that the di&s;compo&s;ure of the Spirits is properly call'd a Feaver.</P>
<P>From whence I infer, that Heat or Chilne&s;s are not e&s;&s;en|tial to a Feaver; and that the Heart, or any other &s;olid part, are not the immediat &s;ubject. 'Tis true, the febrile &s;ource may lodge in &s;ome corrupt or vitiated part, but it only cau&s;es a Feaver by di&s;ordering the Blood and Spirits. This re|mote Cau&s;e of Feavers ought to be heedfully di&s;tingui&s;h'd from their Effects of the &s;ame Nature; namely, when in their decli|nation any &s;olid part is &s;eiz'd with a &s;welling, ob&s;truction, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> according to the various di&s;po&s;ition of the febrile mat|ter, and the previous infirmity of the part.</P>
<P>The various Divi&s;ions of Feavers may be gather'd from the following Chapters. As for their Cau&s;es; whatever aboli&s;hes the natural proportion and Symmetry of the Salts, cau&s;es a preternatural Fermentation, and is call'd a febrile Ferment. If it affect the Blood immediatly, the Spirits receive its influence at &s;econd hand; and if the Spirits are fir&s;t attack'd, the Blood is di&s;orderd by them.</P>
<P>This Ferment mu&s;t be &s;omewhat di&s;agreeable to our na|tural Ferments, el&s;e it cannot cau&s;e a Fever. Such as are the particles retain'd by &s;topping the in&s;en&s;ible tran&s;piration, the Ferment proceeding from Ulcers, Inflammations, Conta|gion,
<PB N="199" REF="100">or Acid <HI>Lymph,</HI> &s;triking inwards a Scab or Itch, eating Summer Fruits, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P>If this ferment be ingendred within the Body, it oft-times proceeds from the long &s;tay of Victuals in the &s;tomac, which by delay and want of dige&s;tion become na|ked Acids, or vi&s;cid Bodies inclo&s;ing an Acid within 'em; upon which account we derive the cau&s;e of Intermitting Feavers from the Stomac; and for &s;o much as their Parox|y&s;ms are but &s;o many continual Feavers, mo&s;t of this &s;ort acknowledge the &s;ame Original. When the Blood and Hu|mors are forc'd out of their re&s;pective Ve&s;&s;els by Wounds and Ulcers, they ferment and occa&s;ion a feaveri&s;h di&s;order in the Blood or Spirits.</P>
<P>This Ferment approaches to an Acid, both in favourable and malignant Feavers; but with this difference; that a malignant ferment is &s;harper and more Volatil and penetra|ting than the other; and is frequently couch'd under covert of other minute particles; as in Spring the Exhalations of Fermenting Plants; in Summer the <HI>Alcalin Effluviums</HI> in the Air; in <HI>Autumn</HI> and Winter, the Acid Salt which then prevails.</P>
<P>The &s;teams of Rotten Carka&s;&s;es, and the unfavourable a&s;pects of the Stars may occa&s;ion the like malignity. The&s;e particles tho' originally included in a narrow com|pa&s;s, multiply by fermentation, and &s;pin out the di&s;ea&s;e. The alteration occa&s;ion'd by them in the Blood, is perfectly parallel to that of Urine, which is brought into fermenta|tion by the jarring of its Salts, by virtue of which it preci|pitates its di&s;proportionable parts, and then returns to a pacific &s;tate. Even &s;o, the preternatural fermentation of the Blood, is caus'd by the di&s;proportion of its Salts; and moves it to ca&s;t forth the &s;uperfluous and offending parts by the pa&s;&s;ages of Urine, Sweat, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Tho' in this Critical Eva|cuation, not only the fir&s;t morbific matter, but the lauda|ble parts of the Blood and <HI>Chyle,</HI> that the fermentation had melted down into a &s;aline form, and render'd in&s;ociable, are equally di&s;charg'd.</P>
<P>The remote Cau&s;es are various. The Ob&s;truction of the pores of the Skin, and exce&s;&s;ive Drinking or Eating, are natural inlets to a Feaver. The pa&s;&s;ions of the Mind, e&s;pecially Fear, are generally arraign'd as Cau&s;es of malig|nant Feavers; but 'tis not immaginable how they &s;hould produce &s;uch an effect of them&s;elves. 'Tis true indeed, Fear, and other pa&s;&s;ions, may depre&s;s or di&s;order the Spirits,
<PB N="200" REF="101">and &s;o procure an ea&s;ie admi&s;&s;io nto the Airy Ferment, that was unable to &s;torm them in their natural Order.</P>
<P>The Symptoms are accounted for above; to which we may add the vicious increa&s;e, or diminution, or depravati|on of the Appetit; Headachs, &s;woonings, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P>The general Progno&s;tics are deriv'd from the Pul&s;e and Urine. A vehement, large, equal pul&s;e is a &s;ign of &s;trength; a &s;mall unfrequent pul&s;e betokens weakne&s;s: A hard pul&s;e be&s;peaks the inflammation or di&s;tention of &s;ome membranous part; as in Pleuri&s;ies, and malignant Feavers, affecting the Spirits and Nerves: A &s;oft pul&s;e di&s;covers that the Spirits are not much di&s;order'd; and if it be large and vehement withal, forebodes &s;weating.</P>
<P>Urine affords the &s;igns of Crudity or Concoction. If clear Urine become muddy or contain a Cloud or Sedi|ment, 'tis a &s;ign of Concoction, and portends a happy &s;olu|tion of the di&s;ea&s;e: for by Concoction we under&s;tand the &s;eparation or precipitation of the peccant Salts from the ma&s;s of Blood, and by Crudity the perturbation of the Blood ari&s;ing from the&s;e Salts. Now, in the beginning of A|cute Di&s;ea&s;es the Urine is clear and unmuddy'd, by rea&s;on that the Salts are yet reigning in the Blood; but in the in|crea&s;e of the Di&s;ea&s;e it becomes thick and troubled, and at the height precipitates a copious &s;ediment. If the Urine con|tinue muddy, and do's not Clarify by &s;tanding, 'tis a &s;ign that the Commotion and Confu&s;ion of the Blood do's not yet abate. Nature do's not evacuate the offending matter before a &s;ufficient Concoction; and in imitation of her example, Art ought not to attempt any evacuation in Benign Feavers, before the &s;igns of Concoction appear. In malignant Feavers indeed, 'tis not &s;afe to wait for 'em; but to in|deavour an early precipitation by proper remedies. Clear and &s;ound-like Urine is a &s;ign that the animal Spirits are principally affected, and is attended by malignity: but con|cocted Urine, if it continue &s;uch, is a certain pre&s;age of Recovery. If after an apparent Concoction, it become crude or thin again, 'tis a fatal Omen.</P>
<P>This gradual Concoction is the effect of Nature indea|vouring a <HI>Cri&s;is.</HI> Accordingly, we find that immediatly be|fore the <HI>Cri&s;is,</HI> Nature &s;truggles mo&s;t, and the Sickne&s;s is at its greate&s;t height, in which ca&s;e it ought not be di&s;turb'd by artificial admini&s;trations, but the natural tendency of the morbific matter mu&s;t be heedfully ob&s;erv'd; for &s;ome|times 'tis ca&s;t forth by Sweat, &s;ometimes by Urine, &s;omtimes
<PB N="201" REF="101">by Bleeding, and at other times is thrown upon &s;everal parts of the Body by way of &s;wellings and Impo&s;thumes; or is ga|ther'd under the skin all over the Body, and tinges it with a yellow colour, which we call the Jaundice, and is a &s;ign of health, if it happen on the fifth or &s;eventh day; but if it com|mence &s;ooner, unle&s;s attended by &s;ome notable Evacuation, 'tis oft-times fatal. But of all fatal &s;igns that of the Patient's rubbing and picking the no&s;e, without any efflux of matter, is the mo&s;t di&s;mal.</P>
<P>As touching the Method of Cure: 'Tis nece&s;&s;ary to di&s;tin|gui&s;h malignant Feavers which &s;uddenly weaken the Per&s;on, and generally determine in &s;ome notable Evacuations; from tho&s;e that are benign and favourable, in which we either leave all to Nature, as the ancients did, or anticipat her efforts by enervating and correcting the febrile Ferment with Artifi|cial Remedies, and &s;o a&s;cribe the whole Cure to Art.</P>
<P>Sometimes we joyn i&s;&s;ue with Nature, and while &s;he per|forms her Work, are only bu&s;y'd in removing the impedi|ments that imbarra&s;s her, by clean&s;ing the fir&s;t pa&s;&s;ages, emptying the Blood Ve&s;&s;els, and promoting the precipitation of the morbific matter by Medicines proper for that purpo&s;e. Indeed when Nature departs from her due Mea&s;ures, by in|deavouring un&s;ea&s;onable evacuations, as in the beginning of a Feaver, while the Urine is yet Crude, a violent Loo&s;ne&s;s, Bleeding, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> 'tis a perplex'd Ca&s;e; for to with&s;tand Nature, and &s;top the Loo&s;ne&s;s, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> were to augment the Fea|ver; and to &s;uffer it to go on, weakens and di&s;ables the Pa|tient, &s;o that he cannot encounter the Di&s;ea&s;e. In order to &s;olve this difficult knot, let us con&s;ider in the fir&s;t place, that Nature is forc'd to the&s;e Evacuations, by the &s;harpne&s;s of the humors, which ought to be corrected by temperat Me|dicines; in the next place, that if they exceed in quantity, they may be &s;afely curb'd; or if deficient in quantity, may be gently incourag'd. If the quality of the matter be faulty, that is, if &s;uch things are evacuated as ought not to be, 'tis al|lowable to &s;top it, according to <HI>Hipp. Sect.</HI> 2. <HI>Aph.</HI> 2. If both quantity and quality be faultle&s;s, and the evacuation charg'd with no Crime, but that of its being ill tim'd, it may neverthele&s;s prove Critical.</P>
<P>Blood-letting is frequently injoyn'd in Feavers, but oft-times it do's more harm than good. The general Plea for it, is, that it ventilats and cools the Blood; whereas on the contrary, the more &s;pace be given to the Blood to boyl in, the higher it boyls. In intermitting Feavers, I po&s;itively aver,
<PB N="202" REF="102">that 'tis noxious; in malignant Feavers 'tis next door to cut|ting the Patient's Throat. And as touching the continual burning Feavers, it ought to be very cautiou&s;ly gone about, by rea&s;on of a latent malignity that oft-times attends them. If the Patient be plethoric, young and lu&s;ty, if a Vomit could not conveniently be exhibited in the beginning of the Fea|ver, if any wonted evacuation of Blood be &s;top'd, and &s;uch other circum&s;tances indicate Blood-letting, 'tis well: But however it be, 'tis never &s;afe after the third or fourth Day.</P>
<P>As for evacuating Remedies <HI>Hippocrates</HI>'s <HI>Aphori&s;m</HI> is a &s;tanding Rule; namely, that <HI>Concocted, not crude humors, ought to be evacuated.</HI> So proper Purgatives are inconvenient till after the height of the di&s;temper. Indeed gentle lenitives, that do not reach further than the fir&s;t ways, may be mix'd with dige&s;tive Salts, and exhibited in the beginning, or pro|gre&s;s, avoiding the time of the Cri&s;is. Vomits are proper in all kinds of Feavers, e&s;pecially if there be any inclination to Vomit, &s;our Belchings, murmuring noi&s;e in the Guts, Head-ach or Giddine&s;s. They ought to be Admini&s;tred on|ly in the beginning of acute Feavers. In the progre&s;s of &s;low Feavers they may likewi&s;e be given.</P>
<P>Cly&s;ters are proper for mitigating the Heat, and redre&s;|&s;ing the di&s;orders of the Head and Guts. But upon the point of Critical Evacuations or Eruptions, they are altogether improper.</P>
<P>Sweating Medicines are authoris'd by Nature's Example. They ought to be frequently repeated, and that not only after &s;igns of Concoction, but during the whole cour&s;e of the di&s;ea&s;e, e&s;pecially if it be malignant. Such of 'em as are &s;harp, aromatic, ro&s;inous, oyly, or Hot, are to be avoided; and tho&s;e which are temperat, as the fix'd ab&s;orbents, and the thin volatils are only proper for this purpo&s;e. If &s;weat do not ea&s;ily in&s;ue, add Opiats to them. Which are never to be us'd without a &s;udorific mixture, nor about the time of the <HI>Cri&s;is,</HI> nor in the very fir&s;t beginning of the di&s;ea&s;e.</P>
<P>In Feavers Sugar and &s;weet things ought to be avoided, by rea&s;on that they promote the Fermentation. Thir&s;t ge|nerally attends Feavers, and proceeds from the deficiency of Spittle, and from Alcalin Salts lodg'd in the Palat. 'Tis a vulgar Error to derive it from Heat; for a few drops of Spirit of Sulphur are more efficatious in quenching it, than a whole Gallon of Water or cooling Liquors. Wine is likewi&s;e of noted efficacy for quenching Thir&s;t, corrobera|ting the Stomac and Spirits, and promoting Urine. But it
<PB N="203" REF="102">ought to be of a &s;harp thin Body; for the &s;weet fat Wines from <HI>Spain, Florence,</HI> &amp;c. are hurtful. <HI>Hippocrates</HI> was wont to exhibit Wine in all Feavers; at lea&s;t in intermitting and malignant Feavers 'tis of &s;overaign u&s;e. In continual burn|ing Feavers what di&s;orders it may occa&s;ion are pre&s;ently vi|&s;ible, and yield to ab&s;orbent Powders; for 'tis not the hot Spirit, but the Acid of the Wine that can do the lea&s;t harm; nor that neither, but only in &s;ome particular Con&s;titutions.</P>
<P>Ale or Beer is not agreeable to feaveri&s;h Per&s;ons, becau&s;e the dige&s;tive faculty of the Stomac being languid, it corrupts and cau&s;es bitter mu&s;ty Belchings. Waters and thin Li|quors mix'd with Acids are preferable. As,</P>
<P>Take of the Flowers of red Ro&s;es two handfuls; extract a Tincture from them with Water &s;harpen'd with Spirit of Sulphur; then add the Syrrup of the Juice of <HI>Gitrons,</HI> or of <HI>Barberries,</HI> or of <HI>Rasberries,</HI> and make a Julep. Or,</P>
<P>Take three <HI>Citrons</HI> &s;lic'd, and throw upon 'em white Sugar. Then Boyl them in common Water. Take of this Liquor &s;train'd a Pound and half, fre&s;h juice of <HI>Citrons</HI> three Ounces; Flowers of Ro&s;es and of red Poppies, of each a handful; with a &s;mall quantity of dulcify'd Spirit of Salt. Let them &s;tand in a warm infu&s;ion, in order to extract a Tincture.</P>
<P>In continual Feavers let the Patient drink at plea&s;ure: But the Liquor mu&s;t not be cold, nor much of it drunk at once. In intermitting Feavers the&s;e Acid potions, ought not to be Admini&s;tred till after the cold Fit. The Spirit of Sul|phur with common Water is a proper Liquor both for quenching thir&s;t and promoting &s;weat. Or,</P>
<P>Take of Whey two Pound, <HI>Citron</HI> Juice three Ounces; Da&s;ies and red Poppy Flowers, of each an Ounce and a half. Boyl in a clo&s;e Ve&s;&s;el till the Tincture be extracted. The <HI>Citron</HI> Juice depurates the Whey. It is u&s;eful in all continual Feavers, and qualifies <HI>Scorbutic</HI> or <HI>Hypochondriac</HI> Salts.</P>
<P>As for Diet. They ought to avoid Meat, Fi&s;hes, and Sum|mer Fruits. In a word, let them eat but a little, and as their Appetit requires. What they eat mu&s;t be thin and watry, but never forc'd upon 'em. Broth, <HI>Panado's,</HI> a To&s;t in Wine, or at mo&s;t poach'd Eggs are their proper food.</P>
<P>Quiet and Re&s;t are good Signs; and &s;leep, if it be not preternatural, compo&s;es the Spirits and procures Sweat.</P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 N="2" TYPE="chapter">
<PB N="204" REF="103">
<HEAD>CHAP. II. <HI>Of Intermitting Feavers.</HI></HEAD>
<P>A Feaver is &s;tyl'd <HI>Intermitting,</HI> when the fermentation, and agitation of the Blood and Spirits is interrupted, and after a certain interval of time revives again. If it return with equal force every Day, 'tis call'd <HI>Quotidian:</HI> If it return every other Day, leaving an interval of one intire Day, 'tis a <HI>Tertian:</HI> if the interval con&s;i&s;t of two Days, 'tis a <HI>Quartan.</HI> Some return after three Days, &s;ome after four, five, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Some every Week, &s;ome every Month, and &s;ome every Year; but the&s;e are very unfrequent.</P>
<P>If the fit return twice or thrice in one Day, 'tis call'd a double or treble <HI>Quotidian.</HI> If two Paroxi&s;ms happen eve|ry other Day, or if the intermitting Days of <HI>Tertians</HI> have like|wi&s;e Paroxy&s;ms corre&s;ponding to one another, 'tis a double <HI>Tertian;</HI> If two Fits come in the Fir Days, and but one in the <HI>Intermitting,</HI> 'tis a treble <HI>Tertian.</HI> If the Fits return e|very Day, &s;o as that the fir&s;t for duration and other Symp|toms is parallel to the fourth, the &s;econd to the fifth, third to the &s;ixth, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> 'tis a treble <HI>Quartan.</HI> If the Feaver inter|mit only every third Day, 'tis a double <HI>Quartan.</HI></P>
<P>'Tis a hard matter to di&s;tingui&s;h <HI>Quotidians</HI> from double <HI>Tertians.</HI> The&s;e la&s;t are known by this, that either the Pa|roxy&s;ms have an alternat corre&s;pondence, the fir&s;t to the third, &s;econd to the fourth, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Or the intervening Pa|roxy&s;m comes later, while the other two ob&s;erve their &s;et Periods; or in Progre&s;s of time it intirely di&s;appears, and two Fits recur every other Day. A precedent or &s;ucceed|ing &s;imple <HI>Tertian,</HI> di&s;covers likewi&s;e a double <HI>Tertian.</HI> So that true <HI>Quotidians</HI> are very rare, and &s;ome are &s;o hardy as to deny that there are any &s;uch. But &s;everal good Authors have vouch'd for the Affirmative.</P>
<P>There are &s;ome Erratic <HI>Intermitting</HI> Feavers, that ob&s;erve dark Periods peculiar to them&s;elves; and &s;ome call'd Wan|dring, which have no &s;et times at all.</P>
<PB N="205" REF="103">
<P>The grand Symptoms of intermitting Feavers are a chill|ne&s;s, &s;hivering and &s;haking, follow'd by heat; and that by plentiful Sweats. Before the inva&s;ion of the Paroxy&s;m, the Patient is mole&s;ted with a Yawning and Stretching; a wearine&s;s of the Joints, and unquietne&s;s or to&s;&s;ing in Bed. The Nails become livid and blue; a gentle chillne&s;s &s;eizes the Loins and Back, afterwards it creeps to the Belly, and by degrees over&s;preads the whole Body, e&s;pecially the extreme Parts. Then follows a &s;hivering, and &s;ometimes a violent concu&s;&s;ion of all the parts of the Body. During the cold Fit, &s;everal &s;orts of pains affect the Joints, the Guts are grip'd, and make a murmuring noi&s;e; and the Pul&s;e is ren|der'd more frequent, but withal weaker and le&s;&s;er, nay &s;carce perceivable.</P>
<P>When the coldne&s;s abates, a difficulty of breathing in&s;ues, with a notable heat and thir&s;t; the Pul&s;e is &s;trengthen'd and inlarg'd. (If the Pul&s;e be &s;mall, 'tis a &s;ign of great Maligni|ty.) The Tongue becomes dry, the Neck and Temples are &s;eiz'd with a beating heat, attended with frequent re&s;piration, head-ach, watching, and &s;ometimes doating. The heat de|clining is follow'd by &s;weating and voiding Urine. After which &s;leep takes place, and the Symptoms di&s;appear. In <HI>Tertians</HI> the heat and thir&s;t are greate&s;t. And in <HI>Quartans,</HI> the cold, &s;haking, and wearine&s;s of the Joynts are mo&s;t trou|ble&s;ome.</P>
<P>This is the ordinary manner of Inva&s;ion. But withal, there are &s;ome irregular Feavers, that depart from this me|thod. As the cold Feavers that have no hot Fits; and the hot <HI>Tertian</HI> Feavers that are not u&s;her'd in by cold. Sometimes, but very rarely, the Order is inverted, and the heat precedes the cold Fit. Oft-times the&s;e Feavers begin regularly, and af|terwards degenerate; or on the contrary, begin in a di&s;order|ly manner, and by continuation become regular.</P>
<P>If the Pul&s;e be very &s;mall, the Strength aboli&s;h'd, the Brea&s;t di&s;turb'd, the Spirits di&s;quieted, in the beginning of the paroxy&s;m, and afterwards Pu&s;hes and Spots appear in the Skin, the Feaver is malignant and very dangerous. Tho' &s;ome are inclin'd to exclude malignity from the whole circle of intermitting Feavers.</P>
<P>Tho' intermitting Feavers may differ in their Periods, and &s;ome occa&s;ional Symptoms, they all proceed from one and the &s;ame Cau&s;e, and require the &s;ame method of Cure; as appears by their frequent permutation. The general effici|ent Cau&s;e of all Motion is the Spirits; but the occa&s;ional ma|terial
<PB N="206" REF="104">Cau&s;e which provokes them to &s;uch irregular Motions, is a vicious acid ferment bred in the Stomach and fir&s;t Pa&s;&s;a|ges, by the depravation or weakne&s;s of the dige&s;tive Faculty. This Opinion is ju&s;tified by the preternatural Appetit that &s;ometimes attends Feavers, the frequent Cures perform'd by Fa&s;ting, by exce&s;&s;ive Drinking and Vomiting, or by eating greedily what was long'd for; and the notable exa&s;peration or relap&s;e of the Di&s;ea&s;e occa&s;ioned by any error in Diet, or earing unacceptable Food. 'Tis true, &s;uch Feavers may &s;ome|times proceed from the Air, or quality of the Food; but ve|ry rarely. The di&s;orders of the Spleen and Liver do fre|quently attend <HI>Quartans,</HI> and <HI>Tertians,</HI> but they are rather their Effects, than Cau&s;es; or perhaps they may remotely indi&s;po&s;e the Body, and render the Paroxy&s;ms more ob&s;tinat. The &s;uppre&s;&s;ion of the Terms, or ob&s;truction of any part, may produce the like Effects; but &s;till the immediat Cau&s;e is lodg'd in the Stomac, or fir&s;t Pa&s;&s;ages, which in&s;inuats it &s;elf into the remains of indige&s;ted Food, and &s;o multiplies the Cau&s;e of repeated Paroxy&s;ms.</P>
<P>Now by means of this Acid, all the Symptoms and Periods of Paroxy&s;ms, are thus accounted for. If the Chyle be not well dige&s;ted in the Stomac, and duly &s;eparated from the gro&s;&s;er parts, by the interpo&s;al of the pancreatic and choleric Juices in the Guts, it degenerates from its temperat, vola|til, &s;aline Quality, and becomes acid, or vi&s;cid; and ac|cordingly when it joins the Blood, fixes its &s;aline volatil oy|ly Particles, and thickens the whole Ma&s;s. Thus its fer|mentation is impair'd, and by con&s;equence the Pul&s;e is weak|en'd and dimini&s;h'd, but withal render'd more frequent by the irritation of the Heart. The heat of the Body is extin|gui&s;h'd, and the Spirits di&s;order'd by the indi&s;po&s;ition and vicious fermentation of the Blood, from whence i&s;&s;ues the wearine&s;s of the Joints. When this Acid begins to exert it &s;elf, it twitches and contracts the nervous and membranous parts, the Coats of the Guts and Stomach, with the annex'd choleric and pancreatic Ve&s;&s;els, the fat Membrane or <HI>Pan|niculus Carno&s;us,</HI> &amp;c. the natural Con&s;equences of which are a &s;hivering, &s;haking, pains of the Joints, and violent Vomiting of white or green matter, which is nothing el&s;e but a mixture of the pancreatic and bilious Juices, perverted by this irregu|lar fermentation, and cau&s;ing gripings of the Guts, a coldne&s;s of the Belly, and many other Symptoms.</P>
<P>The&s;e Symptoms are allotted only to the beginning of the Paroxy&s;m. For after that this acid has for &s;ome time &s;tifled
<PB N="207" REF="104">the volatil oyly parts of the Blood, they make head again&s;t it, and the mutual Encounter creates a notable efferve&s;cency, which ends in di&s;charging the vanqui&s;h'd acid in a vehicle of attenuated Serum by Urine or Sweat. From hence we de|duce the other Symptoms of heat, burning, the vehemency and largene&s;s of the Pul&s;e, plentiful Sweats, the clearne&s;s of the Urine at fir&s;t, and its &s;ub&s;equent muddine&s;s. The Acid being thus &s;ubdu'd and evacuated, the Feaver and concurring Symptoms intermit, till &s;uch time as the remaining <HI>Mia&s;ma's</HI> be provok'd afre&s;h, or &s;upplied by new recruits from the Sto|mac.</P>
<P>If this intermitting ferment be cramp'd by a vicid pituitous Vehicle, the Paroxy&s;m is longer, and the Symptoms meeker, than when it is ma&s;ter of it &s;elf, and at liberty to di&s;play its utmo&s;t energy. From whence we gather the difference of acute and chronical, &s;purious and regular Feavers.</P>
<P>In the&s;e Northern Countries, 'tis highly nece&s;&s;ary to take notice of &s;corbutic and hypocondriac Di&s;ea&s;es, as the frequent Companions of intermitting Feavers. Tho&s;e which we call erratic are always &s;corbutic, unle&s;s they be caus'd by Impo&s;t|humes of the internal parts, which &s;eldom happen. The &s;igns of a &s;corbutic Feaver are, anxieties of the Brea&s;t, rend|ing pains of the Joints, floating pains or convul&s;ions of the lower Belly (either before or in the Paroxy&s;m) vomiting of green or yellow Matter, and the eruption of livid or red Spots towards the end of the Fit; which &s;ometimes break forth together with the Sweat, and di&s;appear when it is fini&s;h'd. But the mo&s;t infallible evidence of a &s;corbutic Fea|ver is, when red crumbling clots of Sand &s;tick to the bot|tom or &s;ides of the Chamber-pot; or in room of that a fat Cru&s;t, or a gro&s;s, reddi&s;h, &s;curfy Sediment appears in the Urine.</P>
<P>Periodical Feavers degenerat oft-times from their regular Mea&s;ures, and either anticipat or po&s;tpone the hour of re|turning. This may be occa&s;ion'd by the &s;trength or weak|ne&s;s of the Spirits, the greater or le&s;s activity of the febrile ferment, or vi&s;cidity of its Vehicle.</P>
<P>As for their frequent multiplication, or the degeneracy of &s;imple Feavers into double, triple, quadruple, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> 'tis oc|ca&s;ion'd either by a prepo&s;terous u&s;e of fixing Medicines, O|piats, or Purgatives; or by eating Fi&s;h, Summer-fruits, Milks, and over-feeding ju&s;t before the Paroxy&s;m.</P>
<P>The Diagno&s;tics are couch'd in the preceding Paragraphs. As for Progno&s;ticks; a <HI>Tertian,</HI> if regular and well manag'd,
<PB N="208" REF="105">do's not exceed &s;even Fits; but a <HI>Quartan,</HI> tho' more tedious, is le&s;s dangerous. Malignant intermitting Feavers are ju&s;tly &s;u&s;pected. The &s;purious <HI>Tertians,</HI> or &s;uch as begin meekly and &s;lowly, are wor&s;e to cure than the regular acute ones; and for the mo&s;t part drive out to the fourteenth Paroxy&s;m. All benign intermitting Feavers are ea&s;ily cur'd, if taken care of betimes; but if neglected, they become chronical, and de|generat into grievous Di&s;tempers. If the Urine, voided out of the Paroxy&s;m, thicken apace, it &s;ignifies the &s;hortne&s;s of the Di&s;ea&s;e. If at fir&s;t it appear crude, and &s;oon after a&s;&s;ume a white Cloud, the Feaver will end with the fourth Pa|roxy&s;m. But if it continue &s;canty, reddi&s;h, and unconcocted, the Feaver will la&s;t to the &s;eventh Fit; or, if di&s;continu'd, is apt to relap&s;e. If all the Symptoms are heighten'd in the &s;e|cond Paroxy&s;m of a <HI>Tertian,</HI> and relent in the third, the fourth concludes the Feaver; but if their heighth be put off till the fourth, and their remi&s;&s;ion to the fifth, the &s;eventh is the fini&s;hing &s;troak. While a <HI>Tertian</HI> anticipates its hours, it increa&s;es; and declines when it begins to po&s;tpone. <HI>Schir|rus</HI>'s in the Bowels &s;ucceeding to intermitting Feavers, are &s;ad pre&s;ages of chronical Di&s;tempers. Such Feavers as ob&s;erve regular con&s;tant Periods, are more ob&s;tinate than tho&s;e which vary. Vomiting is a good &s;ign; and Convul&s;ions in the Fit are not to be fear'd. When a copious Sweat &s;ucceeds to the Paroxy&s;m, oft-times there's no &s;ediment in the Urine; and in that ca&s;e there's no bad indication; but if otherwi&s;e, 'tis ju&s;tly &s;u&s;picious.</P>
<P>As for <HI>Quotidians,</HI> they are apt to continue forty Days or longer. If attended by a heavine&s;s of the Head and drow&s;i|ne&s;s, they terminat in a Lethargy or Carus. If they are &s;ipun out to a con&s;iderable length, they degenerat into Drop|&s;ies, and other grievous Di&s;tempers. If the Paroxy&s;ms in|vade by Day, 'tis a wor&s;e ca&s;e than if they came by Night; and if they continue long without Sweating, while the Ap|petit and Strength of the Per&s;on are very languid, there's &s;mall hope of recovery. If the Paroxy&s;ms be &s;hort, attended by Vomiting in the beginning, and early &s;igns of Concoction in the progre&s;s of the Di&s;ea&s;e, 'tis a good Omen. Sometimes <HI>Quotidians</HI> are &s;olv'd by frequent Vomiting, pituitous eva|cuations by Stool, or a tran&s;lation of the febril matter to the Joints.</P>
<P>A <HI>Quartan</HI> after the &s;ixtieth Year of one's Age is mortal. It may continue for two and twenty Years together, but the ut|mo&s;t mea&s;ure of its regular duration is one Year. If its Peri|ods
<PB N="209" REF="105">be con&s;tant and regular, they portend ill; if incon&s;tant, they betoken a &s;udden recovery. An Autumnal Quartan continues till the Spring Equinox, and then for the mo&s;t part cea&s;es of its own accord. A Vernal Quartan, if it do not di&s;appear at the Summer Sol&s;tice, reaches to the Autum|nal Equinox. The duration of Autumnal and Winter Quar|tans is longer than that of the Summer ones. Women are oft-times freed from this Feaver, by being got with Child. If it be attended by the di&s;order of any Bowel, it introdu|ces a Drop&s;y o<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> ob&s;tinate Scurvy. If it dwell long in a dry Con&s;titution, it ends in a Hectic or Con&s;umption. An irregular Diet, e&s;pecially in re&s;pect of drinking, adds to its duration. Lo&s;s of Appetit is a very bad &s;ign. Black U|rine, tho' a dangerous Symptom in other Di&s;ea&s;es, &s;ignifies the &s;olution of a Quartan, unle&s;s it be attended by a notable weakne&s;s, for then it is a &s;ign of approaching Death.</P>
<P>A Jaundice in the beginning of a <HI>Tertian</HI> or <HI>Quartan,</HI> is an unlucky Sympom; but if it happen later, may infer a &s;olution of the Di&s;ea&s;e. <HI>Tertians</HI> are &s;ometimes cur'd by Critical Eruptions in the Lips, No&s;trils, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> and &s;ometimes by long fa&s;ting; but the mo&s;t effectual way is that of &s;weat|ing.</P>
<P>Now, in order to an&s;wer all the indications of Cure, let the following Cautions be carefully weigh'd.</P>
<P N="1">I. That by all means the Cure be commenc'd betimes, for intermitting Feavers by delay become ob&s;tinat.</P>
<P N="2">II. In the&s;e Countries, Blood-letting does but prolong 'em. Perhaps &s;ome occa&s;ional Circum&s;tances may ju&s;tifie the u&s;e of it in a few particular ca&s;es; but in general, this is an un|conte&s;ted Maxim, that whatever impairs the Heat, or does not promote Sweating; is hurtful.</P>
<P N="3">III. Vomiting is ab&s;olutely nece&s;&s;ary in all intermitting Fea|vers, e&s;pecially <HI>Quartans;</HI> and ought to be repeated, as oc|ca&s;ion requires. Let a Vomit therefore be exhibited two or three Hours before the inva&s;ion of the Paroxy&s;m, unle&s;s the weakne&s;s of the Per&s;on di&s;&s;uade; in which ca&s;e, give it the Day immediatly preceding. The &s;ymptomatical Vomitings that oftentimes happen in the Paroxy&s;m, are &s;o far from arguing a|gain&s;t Artificial Vomits, that they are a plain indication for 'em. If the Per&s;on be troubled with a bitter nau&s;eating ta&s;te in the Mouth in a Morning, or complain of &s;traitne&s;s of the Brea&s;t, Heart-burrings, Unquietne&s;s, Giddine&s;s, Belch|ings, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> a Vomit is loudly demanded. In fine, in <HI>Quoti|dians;</HI> and all other Intermitting Feavers, it is a &s;overeign Re|medy;
<PB N="210" REF="106">but withal, care mu&s;t be taken, that the Stomac be not over-weaken'd; upon which account, let the following mixture be given after the operation of the Vomit.</P>
<P>Take of Rasberry-Water, one Ounce; &s;trong Cinnamom-Water, two Drams; Confection <HI>Alkermes,</HI> half a Dram; <HI>Laudanum Opiatum,</HI> one grain; Simple Syrup of <HI>Poppies,</HI> two or three Drams. Mix for the above mention'd u&s;e.</P>
<P><HI>A&s;arabecca</HI> is a noted Vomit, e&s;pecially in <HI>Quartans.</HI> A Dram or Four Scruples of the Powder of <HI>A&s;arabecca</HI> Roots may be given, with eight or ten Grains of <HI>Sal-armoniac,</HI> in a draught of White-wine, an Hour or two before the Pa|roxy&s;m; it procures both vomiting and &s;weating. Or Eight or Nine Leaves, cut not very &s;mall, may be infus'd over|night in <HI>Carduus Benedictus</HI> Water, and exhibited in the Morning with <HI>Oxymel.</HI> If the Leaves be beat in a Mortar 'till their Juice be expre&s;s'd, and that mix'd with <HI>Oxymel</HI> and Water of <HI>Carduus Benedictus,</HI> they yield a more powerful Vomit. If the leaves be boil'd in Water, they're &s;trip'd of the vomiting vertue, and become Diuretic, but withal are highly u&s;eful in <HI>Quartan</HI> Feavers. The Water of Tobacco, and the Roots of Swallow-wort boyl'd in Wine and Water, are likewi&s;e approv'd Vomits in the&s;e ca&s;es.</P>
<P>But of all the vomiting Tribe, Antimonials are the be&s;t; as the Infu&s;ion of <HI>Crocus Metallorum;</HI> or take of <HI>Mercurius vitae,</HI> five or &s;ix Grains; infu&s;e in Rheni&s;h, or Wormwood-Wine for the &s;pace of a Night, &s;train out the Wine, and give an Ounce or ten Drams for a do&s;e. Or,</P>
<P>Take of <HI>Myn&s;icthius</HI> his <HI>Emetic Tartar,</HI> two or three Grains; Sal-armoniac, twelve or fifteen Grains; mix and exhibit in a warm Vehicle. Or if Pills be more acceptable, take of <HI>Ruffus</HI>'s Pills <HI>de tribus,</HI> fifteen Grains; <HI>Myn&s;icthius</HI>'s <HI>Emetic Tartar,</HI> two or three Grains; Scammony &s;ulphurated, one Grain; with E&s;&s;ence of Le&s;&s;er Centory make Pills.</P>
<P><HI>Sala</HI>'s Emetic Syrup may be given in any convenient Ve|hicle, from three to &s;ix Drams. Salt of Vitriol is very of|fen&s;ive to the Stomac. The Pairings of Man's Nails is a Hor&s;e-Vomit.</P>
<P N="4">IV. All Purgations in the beginning of Intermitting Fea|vers, or while the Urine is yet crude, are hurtful; nay, in the height of the Di&s;temper, when the Urin begins to ap|pear muddy, fierce Purgatives may do a great deal of mi&s;|chief. If Vomits do not &s;ucceed, or the fir&s;t pa&s;&s;ages be &s;tuff'd with Humors, gentle Purgatives may be exhibited after the third or fourth Paroxy&s;m, either on the Intermitting
<PB N="211" REF="106">Day, or the Fit day, &s;o as that the operation may be fi|ni&s;h'd before the inva&s;ion of the Fit. As</P>
<P>Take of Tartar vitriolated, twelve or fifteen Grains; Scammony &s;ulphurated, three Grains; Troches Alhardal, two Grains; di&s;till'd Oil of Ani&s;eeds or of Cloves, two drops. Mix for a gentle purging Powder.</P>
<P>Take of Tartar vitriolated, Powder of Jalap, of each half a Scruple; Magi&s;tery of Scammony, &s;ix Grains: make a Powder.</P>
<P>Take of the Hepatic Red Powder and Tartar vitriolated, of each eight Grains; Scammony &s;ulphurated, five Grains, make a Powder.</P>
<P>Take of Cream of Tartar, half a Dram; Powder of Ja|lap, half a Scruple; Extract of Troches Alhandal, one Grain; di&s;till'd Oil of Ani&s;eeds, two drops. Mix them.</P>
<P>Take of Cream of Tartar, half a Dram; <HI>Arcanum du|plicatum,</HI> fifteen Grains; Powder of Jalap, &s;ix Grains. Make a Powder.</P>
<P>Take of Powder of Jalap, fifteen Grains; Scammony &s;ulphurated, three Grains; depurated Nitre, four Grains; Salt of Tartar, two Grains. Make a Powder.</P>
<P>If Infu&s;ions be more acceptable; Take of pick'd Senna, three or four Drams; Ani&s;eeds bruis'd, a Dram; Salt of Tartar, half a Dram. Infu&s;e for the &s;pace of one Night, in a &s;ufficient quantity of <HI>Carduus Benedictus</HI> Water. To three Ounces of the &s;train'd Liquor, add Cinnamom-Water, and Syrup of Apples, of each half an Ounce. Mix for a Potion. It ta&s;tes prettily, and purges very gently. In <HI>Ter|tians,</HI> the Do&s;e of the Senna is le&s;&s;en'd, and Rhubarb ad|ded.</P>
<P>Take of pick'd Senna; an Ounce; crude Roots of Black Hellebor, two Drams; of Polypody of the Oak, three Drams; Salt of Tartar, half a Dram; boil them gently in clarifi'd Whey. To Four Ounces of the &s;train'd Liquor, add Tincture of Tartar, a Scruple; compound Syrup of Fumi|tory, half an Ounce. Mix as above.</P>
<P>Take of pick'd Senna, an Ounce; crude Black Hellebor and Ginger, of each two Drams; of the &s;harpe&s;t Salt of Tartar, half a Dram; tie them into a Bag, which infu&s;e in warm Water in a clo&s;e Ve&s;&s;el. Let it &s;tand 'till it cool, and re&s;erve the Infu&s;ion in a Cellar for u&s;e; of which, let the Patient take a large draught every fit day, about two Hours before the Paroxy&s;m, and likewi&s;e in the Intermit|ting Days, e&s;pecially in <HI>Quartans.</HI></P>
<PB N="212" REF="107">
<P>Take of Wormwood-tops, half a handful; Flowers of le&s;&s;er Centory, two little handfuls; choice Rhubarb, two Drams; Black Hellebor Roots, a Dram; Cinnamom, Salt of Tartar, of each a Scruple. Infu&s;e them in Fumitory Wa|ter, for the &s;pace of a Night, in a warm place. To three Ounces of the &s;train'd Liquor, add &s;olutive Syrup of Ro&s;es, three Drams. Mix for one Do&s;e.</P>
<P>Take of Water of <HI>Carduus Benedictus,</HI> one or two Ounces; extract of Black Hellebor, a Scruple; Aperitive Extract of Steel, half a Scruple; Troches Alhandal two or three Grains; Syrup of Apples, &s;ix Drams. Make a Potion.</P>
<P>Take of Mint-Water, an Ounce; Cinnamom Water, half a Dram; Gum Ammoniac di&s;&s;olved in Vinegar, &s;ixteen or twenty Grains; Tartar vitriolated, &s;even or ten Grains; Scammony &s;ulphurated, three Grains; Extract of Troches Alhandal, half a Grain, or a whole Grain; &s;olutive Syrup of Ro&s;es or of Apples, two Drams. Mix, &amp;c.</P>
<P>If Pills be more agreeable, take fifteen Grains, or a Scruple of the Extract call'd <HI>Catholicum,</HI> or of <HI>Crollius</HI>'s <HI>Extractum Panchymagogum.</HI> Or,</P>
<P>Take of <HI>Quercetanus</HI> his Pills of Ammoniac, or of his Tar|tar Pills, fifteen or twenty Grains; Extract of Wormwood, &s;ix Grains; Scammony &s;ulphurated, two Grains; make Pills. Or,</P>
<P>Take of <HI>Quercetanus</HI>'s Pills of Ammoniac, fifteen Grains; Extract of <HI>Carduus Benedictus,</HI> Extract of Wormwood, of each four Grains; Nitre prepar'd with Antimony, &s;ix Grains; Scammony prepar'd with juice of Ro&s;es, one grain. With E&s;&s;ence of Wormwood make Pills.</P>
<P>Take of <HI>Crollius</HI>'s <HI>Extractum Panchymagogum,</HI> fifteen grains; Extract of Steel, prepar'd with juice of Apples, twelve grains; Tartar vitriolated, &s;ix grains; Scammony &s;ulphurated, three grains. With E&s;&s;ence of Steel make Pills.</P>
<P>Take of <HI>Ruffus</HI>'s Pills <HI>de tribus,</HI> &s;weet Mercury, of each fifteen grains; Scammony &s;ulphurated, three grains; Ex|tract of Troches Alhandal, one grain; make Pills.</P>
<P>If the form of a Bolus be de&s;ir'd; take of Con&s;erve of Ro&s;es, half a Dram; &s;weet Mercury, a Scruple; Scammo|ny &s;ulphurated, five grains: Make a Bolus. Or,</P>
<P>Take of &s;weet Mercury, fifteen grains; Tartar vitriola|ted, half a Scruple; Scammony &s;ulphurated, three grains. With Con&s;erve of Ro&s;es, make a Bolus.</P>
<PB N="213" REF="107">
<P>Sweet Mercury attenuats the vi&s;cid Humors. Scammo|ny purges the &s;harp and bilious Humors. In ob&s;tinat <HI>Quar|tans</HI> &s;weet Mercury mix'd with <HI>Mercurius vitae,</HI> or <HI>Butyrum Antimony,</HI> given in Sub&s;tance, are very effectual. As like|wi&s;e the following Powders taken before the Paroxy&s;m.</P>
<P>Take of white Mechoacan, two Drams; white Pepper-Corns, in number one-and-twenty; prepar'd Crabs-Eyes, one Ounce. Make a Powder for three Do&s;es.</P>
<P>Take of Cream of Tartar, fifteen grains; Scammony &s;ulphurated, three grains; diaphoretic Antimony, &s;ix grains. Make a Powder.</P>
<P>Take of Powder of <HI>Cornachini,</HI> a Scruple; Troches Al|handal, one grain; di&s;till'd Oyl of Mace, two drops. Make a Powder.</P>
<P>Take of Powder of Jalap, twelve grains; diaphoretic Antimony not dulcifi'd, &s;ix, &s;even, or eight grains. Mix and make a Powder.</P>
<P>Take of prepar'd Red Coral, Salt of Wormwood or <HI>Myn&s;icthius</HI> his <HI>Arcanum Duplicatum,</HI> of each from ten to fifteen grains; <HI>Brendelius</HI>'s Preparation of Scammony, two, three, or four grains. Mix, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P>Take of <HI>Arcanum Duplicatum,</HI> half a Scruple; diaphore|tic Antimony, five grains; prepar'd Red Coral, three grains; Powder of Jalap, &s;ix grains; Scammony &s;ulphurated, two grains. Make a Powder.</P>
<P N="5">V. Carminative and Ab&s;tergent Cli&s;ters are very u&s;eful, e&s;|pecially when Wind or a murmuring noi&s;e mole&s;ts the Guts; when grievous pains invade the region of the Loins, pro|ceeding from the Me&s;entery; when a vomiting, anxiety and &s;traitne&s;s of the Brea&s;t afflict the Patient; or when gnaw|ing &s;harp Humours are crouded into the Stomach, while its Mouth is &s;tubborn, and not ea&s;ily mov'd to vomiting, as in Hypocondriac, and the like ca&s;es. In &s;corbutic Feavers, at|tended by convul&s;ive Pains of the Belly or Loins, tho&s;e made of Milk, Sugar, Hony, and the Yelk of an Egg, are very u&s;eful. In Hypochondriac and Hi&s;teric Fevers, the &s;ame Cly|&s;ters are given, or mix'd with Turpentin. The carminative and gentle Ab&s;ter&s;ive Cly&s;ters are as follows.</P>
<P>Take of the carminative and emollient Ingredients, of each a handful; Salt of Pot-a&s;hes, two or three Drams; Dro&s;s of <HI>Regulus Antimonii,</HI> a Dram: Boil in a &s;ufficient quantity of Water. To eight Ounces of the &s;train'd Liquor, add Electuary of Bay-Berries, one Ounce; di&s;till'd Oyl of Turpentin, a Scruple. Or,</P>
<PB N="214" REF="108">
<P>Take of the carminative or emollient Ingredients, two hand|fuls; Salt of Tartar, a Dram or two: Boyl them in Wa|ter: To nine Ounces of the &s;train'd Liquor, add of Electua|ry of Bayberries, one Ounce; di&s;till'd Oyl of Amber, half a Scruple, and the Yelk of one Egg. Make a Cly&s;ter.</P>
<P>Take of Chamomil Flowers, two handfuls; Juniper-Berries, one Ounce; Ani&s;eeds half an Ounce; boil them in equal quantities of Water and Human Urine. To eight Ounces of the Decoction &s;train'd, add of lenitive Electuary, one Ounce; di&s;till'd Oyl of Juniper Berries, a Scruple. Make a Cly&s;ter.</P>
<P>Take of <HI>Roman</HI> Chamomil, one handful; Bay-leaves and Elder-Flowers, of each half a handful; Angelica and Lo|vage Roots, and Ani&s;eeds, of each &s;ix Drams; boil them in Water. To nine Ounces of the Decoction &s;train'd, add E|lectuary of Bay-Berries, and lenitive Electuary, of each, &s;ix Drams; Antimonial Nitre, a Scruple; di&s;till'd Oyl of Angelica, Oyl of Bayberries, and Oyl of Rue, of each four grains; with the Yelk of one Egg, make a Cly&s;ter.</P>
<P>Take of Bay-Leaves and Elder-Flowers, of each half a handful; Chamomil-Flowers, one handful; Lovage Roots &s;ix drams; Fenugrec Seeds, half an Ounce. Boil them in Water and Humane Urine. Strain the Decoction; and add to nine Ounces of it, Electuary of Hiera with Agaric, &s;ix Drams; Electuary of Bay-berries, three Drams; di&s;till'd Oyl of Angelica, Caraways, and Rue, of each four drops. Make a Cly&s;ter.</P>
<P>Take of the Leaves of Wormwood and <HI>Carduus Benedi|ctus,</HI> of each a handful; Roots of Elecampane, one Ounce; Lovage Roots, &s;ix Drams; Juniper Berries, one Ounce, Salt of Tartar, a Dram; boil them in Whey. And to eight Ounces of the &s;train'd Decoction, add Electuary of Hiera with Agaric, one Ounce; Hony of Ro&s;es, &s;ix Drams; Sal Gem, a Dram and a half. Mix for a Cly&s;ter.</P>
<P>Take of Chamomil Flowers, two handfuls; Mint, one handful; Juniper Berries an Ounce; boil them in Water and Human Urine, and inject the warm Decoction.</P>
<P>In &s;corbutic Feavers the Cly&s;ters mu&s;t be compos'd of Milk; as, take of Goats or Cows Milk, from nine Ounces to a Pound; Hony of Ro&s;es, Hony of Rue, of each an Ounce, or an Ounce and a half: and two Yelks of Eggs. Make a Cly&s;ter, for two Injections. This and all other Cly&s;ters ought always to be injected about an Hour or two before the Paroxy&s;m.</P>
<P N="6"><PB N="215" REF="108">VI. The&s;e general evacuations can never compa&s;s the cure, unle&s;s follow'd by Diaphoretics. 'Tis true, &s;weat|ing Medicines ought not to be exhibited till after Vomiting, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> But the Feaver is not right cur'd, if they be totally omitted, or Sweats do not in&s;ue. 'Tis true, Hot &s;harp Aroma|tics are ju&s;tly avoided, but the &s;aline Febrifuga's mu&s;t not be neglected.</P>
<P N="7">VII. The &s;ick Per&s;on mu&s;t take care to have an empty Stomac, when the fit comes.</P>
<P N="8">VIII. Diaphoretic Medicines are not to be given in the Paroxy&s;m, but an Hour or two before it, in order to pro|mote &s;weating in the end of the Fit; for if that be wanting the Per&s;on is &s;eiz'd with the Head-ach. But withal, 'tis an improper way to procure Sweat by a heavy load of Cove|rings.</P>
<P N="9">IX. The Phy&s;ician mu&s;t ob&s;erve nicely if a <HI>Tertian</HI> par|takes of malignity. If the Tongue be rough and black, and the Per&s;on &s;eiz'd with a &s;udden Weakne&s;s, 'tis a &s;hroud evi|dence of a malignant <HI>Tertian.</HI> In this ca&s;e Emul&s;ions of Citron Seeds, with Alexipharmacal Medicines joyn'd to <HI>Fe|brifuga</HI>'s, are proper.</P>
<P N="10">X. Spirit of Sal-Armoniac is an infallible comforter ei|ther in the Cold or Hot Fit. In Scorbutic Feavers 'tis of &s;oevereign u&s;e, if mix'd with Spirit of Scurvy-gra&s;s. It may be given before the Paroxy&s;m, or on the intermitting Day.</P>
<P>Take of Spirit of Sal-armoniac, a dram; E&s;&s;ence of O|pium fifteen drops. Mix for one Do&s;e, to be taken immedi|atly before the Paroxyi&s;m.</P>
<P>Take of Spirit of Sal-armoniac, three drams; Spirit of Harts-horn &s;uccinated, a dram; do&s;e thirty or forty drops.</P>
<P>Take Water of <HI>Carduus Benedictus,</HI> an ounce; Spirit of Sal-armoniac, half a dram (or a dram) <HI>Laudanum Opia|tum,</HI> two grains; Syrup of <HI>Carduus Benedictus,</HI> half an ounce; mix for a Potion before the Paroxy&s;m.</P>
<P>Take of Mint Water, one ounce; Spirit of Salarmoniac, half a dram; Diaphoretic Antimony, a &s;cruple; Di&s;till'd Oyl of Cloves, or of Amber, two drops, Syrup of Orange peel two drams, mix as above. If the cold Fit be very trouble&s;ome, add a grain of <HI>Laudanum Opiatum.</HI> In Scorbutic Feavers add Spirit of Scurvy-gra&s;s.</P>
<P>Take of Mint Water, two ounces; Cinnamom Water, two drams; Spirit of Sal-armoniac, a dram; Diaphoretic
<PB N="216" REF="109">Antimony, &s;ixteen grains; Syrup of Betony, two drams; mix as above.</P>
<P>Take of purify'd Sal-armoniac, a &s;cruple; <HI>Antihect|cum Poterii,</HI> twelve or fifteen grains; di&s;till'd Oyl of Cloves, two drops, make a Powder, to be taken before the acce&s;&s;ion of the Fit.</P>
<P>Take of Sal-armoniac, fifteen grains; prepar'd Crabs Eyes, half a Scruple, <HI>Laudamim Opiatum,</HI> one grain, make a Powder and u&s;e as above.</P>
<P>Take of Anti&s;corbutic Water, and Water of <HI>Carduus Be|nedictus,</HI> of each an ounce and a half; Spirit of Scurvy-gra&s;s, or Spirit of Sal-armoniac, a dram; prepar'd Crabs Eyes, and <HI>Strobelbergerus</HI> his &s;pecific again&s;t Feavers, of each a &s;cruple; <HI>Laudanum Opiatum,</HI> two grains; <HI>Fore&s;tus</HI>'s Syrup of Scelotyrbium, an ounce. Mix, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P N="11">XI. When the cold Fit is extreamly violent, the u&s;e of Spirit of Sal-armoniac may be confin'd to the intermitting Days, and the fix'd Alcali Salts exhibited on the Fit Days. As,</P>
<P>Take of Red Coral prepar'd, Salt of Wormwood, of each fifteen grains; <HI>Laudanum Opiatum,</HI> a grain; di&s;till'd Oyl of Cloves, or of Juniper Berries, two drops. Make a Powder to be given in a warm Vehicle, about an Hour or two before the Paroxy&s;m, in order to procure Sweat. Or,</P>
<P>Take of Salt of Wormwood, a &s;cruple; Volatil Salt of Harts-horn, five grains; <HI>Laudanum Opiatum,</HI> two grains. Make a Powder as above. Or,</P>
<P>Take of Salt of Wormwood, fifteen grains; Volatil Salt of Harts-horn, three grains prepar'd red Coral, half a &s;cru|ple; Di&s;till'd Oyl of Cloves, two drops. Make a Pow|der, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P>Take of Salt of Wormwood, two &s;cruples; prepar'd Crabs Eyes, half a dram: Diaphoretic Antimony, half a &s;cruple. Mix for three Do&s;es, to be exhibited before a Quar|tan Paroxy&s;m.</P>
<P>Take of red Coral prepar'd, Salt of Wormwood, of each a Scruple; Fulminating Gold, &s;ix Grains. Make a Pow|der.</P>
<P>Take of Harts horn prepar'd without Fire, two Scruples; Salt of <HI>Carduus Benedictus,</HI> Salt of le&s;&s;er Centory, of each eight Grains. Make a Powder for two Do&s;es.</P>
<P>Take of Salt of Wormwood, fifteen grains; Diaphoretic Antimony, half a Scruple; prepar'd red Coral, twelve
<PB N="217" REF="109">grains; di&s;till'd Oyl of Sa&s;&s;afras or of Mace, two Drops-Mix, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P>If the form of Potions be more acceptable, take of Water of <HI>Carduus Benedictus,</HI> one Ounce; Salt of Wormwood, a Scruple; Salt of le&s;&s;er Centory, half a Scruple; Julep of Ro&s;es, three Drams. Mix for one Do&s;e.</P>
<P>Take of Water of le&s;&s;er Centory, an Ounce or two; Salt of Wormwood, fifteen or twenty Grains; prepar'd Crabs Eyes, ten or fifteen grains; Syrup of <HI>Carduus Benedictus</HI> half an Ounce. Make a Potion to be given before the Paroxy&s;m, adding two Drops of di&s;till'd Oyl of Cloves.</P>
<P>Take of Par&s;ley Water, two Ounces; Fennel Water, one Ounce; Spirit of Venice Triacle, a Dram and a half; Volatil &s;alt of Amber, a &s;cruple; Syrup of <HI>Carduus Benedictus,</HI> an Ounce. Mix and exhibit a Spoonful now and then.</P>
<P>Take of the Water of <HI>Carduus Benedictus,</HI> two Ounces; Triacle Water, two Drams; Salt of Wormwoood, half a Dram; Spirit of <HI>Sal-armoniac,</HI> a &s;cruple; Syrup of red Pop|pies, three Drams. Mix for a Potion.</P>
<P N="12">XII. The fix'd Salts con&s;i&s;ting of an Alcali and an Acid, &s;uch as <HI>Arcanum Duplicatum, Sal Hypochondriacum dige&s;tivum,</HI> &amp;c. are proper to be us'd in the beginning of the Di&s;ea&s;e be|fore Evacuations; and likewi&s;e on the intermitting and Fit-Days. As,</P>
<P>Take of Hypochondriac Salt, half a &s;cruple; Salt of Worm|wood, five grains. Mix for a Powder.</P>
<P>Take of purify'd <HI>Sal-<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">rmoniac,</HI> a Dram; Antimoniall Nitie, a &s;cruple. Make a Powder for two Do&s;es, one to be taken in a hot Vehicle in the Morning, and the other in a cold Vehicle at Night.</P>
<P>Take of <HI>Arcanum duplicatum,</HI> fifteen or twenty grains; Di|aphoretic Antimony, half a &s;cruple. Mix. Let it be taken before the Inva&s;ion of the Fit, and twice on the intermitting Day.</P>
<P>Take of <HI>Arcanum duplicatum,</HI> fifteen grains; prepar'd Crabs Eyes, twelve grains; di&s;till'd Oyl of Juniper Berries, two drops. Mix, and make a Powder to be us'd as above.</P>
<P>Take of <HI>Arcanum duplicatum,</HI> fifteen grains; Salt of Worm|wood, prepar'd red Coral, of each half a &s;cruple; <HI>Laudanum Opiatum,</HI> one grain, Make a Powder.</P>
<P>Take of prepar'd Crabs Eyes, <HI>Areanum duplicatum,</HI> Salt of Wormwood, of each half a Dram: Volatil Salt of Amber, twelve grains; <HI>Laudanum Opiatum,</HI> three Grains. Make a
<PB N="218" REF="110">Powder for three Do&s;es: One to be taken immediatly before the Fit; and two on the intermitting Day.</P>
<P>Take Ivory prepar'd without Fire, <HI>Arcanum duplicatum,</HI> of each twelve grains; fulminatory Gold, &s;ix Grains. Or,</P>
<P>Take of Cream of Tartar, a Dram; Tartar vitriolated, half a Dram; Spirit of Sulphur, three or four Drops. Make a Powder for two Do&s;es.</P>
<P><HI>Riverius</HI> recommends <HI>Crollius</HI>'s &s;pecific Potion to be taken before the Paroxy&s;m; <HI>viz.</HI></P>
<P>Take of Cichory Water, one, two, or three Ounces; Spi|rit of Sulphur, or Spirit of Vitriol, fifteen or twenty Drops; Salt of Wormwood, half a Dram. Mix for a Potion.</P>
<P N="13">XIII. When the hot Fit is very violent, and the cold one &s;hort and incon&s;iderable, nitrous Salts are very proper. Dulcify'd Spirit of Nitre effectually allays the Feaver, after the height of the Paroxy&s;m. Antimonial Nitre, or Nitre vitriolated, is a &s;overeign Remedy in &s;corbutic Feavers.</P>
<P>Take of Antimonial Nitre, fifteen grains; <HI>Sal-armoniac,</HI> &s;ix grains. Make a Powder to be admini&s;tred before the Pa|roxy&s;m.</P>
<P>Take of Antimonial Nitre, half a &s;cruple; <HI>Arcanum du|plicatum,</HI> twenty or thirty grains; <HI>Poterius</HI>'s Antihectic Powder, nine or twelve grains. Mix for three Do&s;es.</P>
<P>Take of Antimonial Nitre, two &s;cruples; Harts-horn pre|par'd without Fire, a &s;cruple; Diaphoretic Antimony, eight grains. Mix for two Do&s;es.</P>
<P>Take of <HI>Arcanum duplicatum,</HI> fifteen or twenty grains; vo|latil Salt of Amber &s;ix or ten grains. Make a Powder.</P>
<P N="14">XIV. Acids are not very proper in intermitting Feavers. If the Feaver approach to a continual, or be attended by an immoderat burning Heat, in&s;ufferable Thir&s;t, and a difficul|ty of &s;weating, they may be exhibited; but never before the height of the Fit. As,</P>
<P>Take of the Water of <HI>Carduus Benedictus,</HI> two Ounces; Mint Water, one Ounce; Diaphoretic Antimony, half a Dram; <HI>Laudanum Opiatum,</HI> a grain or two; Syrup of <HI>Car|duus Benedictus,</HI> &s;ix drams; Dulcify'd Spirit of Nitre as much as &s;ufficeth to render it grateful. Mix and give it by &s;poonfuls in the declination of the Paroxy&s;m.</P>
<P>Take of Rasberry Water, three ounces: Juice of Ras|berries, three or &s;ix drams; Diaphoretic Antimony, half a dram, or a dram; Syrup of the Juice of Citrons, half an ounce, or a whole ounce; Dulcify'd Spirit of Nitre as much as &s;ufficeth for a grateful acidity, mix. Take a &s;poonful now
<PB N="219" REF="110">and then. It quenches thir&s;t, allays the heat, and pro|motes &s;weating.</P>
<P>Take of the Water of red Poppy Flowers, four ounces; Diaphoretic Antimony, two or three &s;cruples, Syrup of red Poppies, half an ounce; Dulcify'd Spirit of Nitre as much as &s;ufficeth, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P>Sometimes Crabs Eyes mix'd with Vinegar are u&s;eful in the Fit; as, take of the Water of <HI>Carduus Benedictus,</HI> Cichory Water, of each an ounce and a half; Wine Vinegar, &s;ix drams; &s;imple Spirit of Triacle, three or four drams; Pow|der of Crabs Eyes, half a dram; Syrup of the five opening Roots, an ounce; mix and exhibit a &s;poonful now and then. Or,</P>
<P>Take of Sorrel Water, Fumitory Water, Mint Water, of each an ounce; Rasberry or Elder Vinegar, &s;ix drams; &s;imple Spirit of Triacle, a dram and a half, or two drams; prepar'd Crabs Eyes, two or three &s;cruples; Syrup of Orange Peel, three drams. Mix and u&s;e as above. 'Tis u&s;eful a|gain&s;t &s;traitne&s;s of the Brea&s;t, Gripings, Wind, and Hypo|chondriac &s;ymptoms of the Belly.</P>
<P>Take of the Water of <HI>Carduus Benedictus,</HI> Endive Water, and Hou&s;e-leek Water, of each an ounce; Vinegar, &s;ix drams; Dulcify'd Spirit of Nitre, a &s;cruple; prepar'd Crabs Eyes, half a dram; Diaphoretic Antimony, fifteen grains; Syrup of the Juice of Citrons &s;ix drams. Mix as above.</P>
<P>Take of Chervil Water, four ounces; Wine Vinegar, &s;ix drams; prepar'd red Coral, prepar'd Crabs Eyes, of each a dram; <HI>Laudanum Opiatum,</HI> two grains, Syrup of Ground Ivy, half an ounce. Mix, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P N="15">XV. Opiats are of Extraordinary u&s;e. But if un&s;ea&s;on|bly admini&s;tred, are very pernicious. Dige&s;tive and Evacu|ating Medicines mu&s;t always precede the u&s;e of Opium. Af|ter them it mitigates the cold and &s;hivering, and effectually removes &s;uch Paroxy&s;ms as return more by Cu&s;tom than the force of the morbific matter. It mu&s;t always be joyn'd to proper &s;pecifics. As,</P>
<P>Take of <HI>Myn&s;icthius</HI>'s Arcanum Duplicatum, a &s;cruple; Salt of Wormwood, half a &s;cruple; <HI>Laudanum Opiatum</HI> two Grains. Make a Powder, to be taken in Wormwood Wine, before the inva&s;ion of the Fir.</P>
<P>Take of the Febril Elixyr, two drams; E&s;&s;ence of O|pium, half a dram; Do&s;e forty or fifty drops.</P>
<P N="16">XVI. If the Paroxy&s;m do's not end in &s;weating, Head|aches follow it. For which Sympt in let the Head be fo|mented with &s;ome hot camphoris'd Liquor.</P>
<P N="17"><PB N="220" REF="111">XVII. In Chronical Feavers, Bli&s;tering Pla&s;ters applied to the Wri&s;ts or Pit of the Neck are very &s;erviceable. Mer|curial Salivations &s;omtimes remove inveterat Quartans; but the Cure is wor&s;e than the Di&s;ea&s;e. Agui&s;h Per&s;ons are ve|ry apt to &s;alivate, by taking but a few grains of &s;weet Mercu|ry; which inconvenience ought to be prevented by Purgation or forcible &s;weating.</P>
<P N="18">XVIII. Chronical Feavers thicken the Blood and Lymph, and are apt to degenerat into &s;low Hectic Feavers; which are be&s;t prevented by the u&s;e of Sal-armoniac (a Vomit being premis'd) or the following Powder, <HI>viz.</HI> Take of <HI>Arcanum Duplicatum,</HI> twelve or fifteen grains; Ivory prepar'd with|out fire, half a &s;cruple, mix and exhibit two hours before the Fit. Inappetency &s;ucceeding to &s;uch Feavers is cur'd by the continued u&s;e of Wormwood or le&s;&s;er Centory.</P>
<P N="19">XIX. Chronical Feavers, and &s;uch as are cur'd by repea|ted Do&s;es of ab&s;orbent Powders, are frequently follow'd by Colics, Drop&s;ies, &s;wellings of the Feet, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Such Symp|toms are obviated or remov'd by the internal u&s;e of the Deco|ction, E&s;&s;ence, Juice, or extract of Wormwood, and the ex|ternal application of Celandin the greater.</P>
<P N="20">XX. In the Declination of an Intermitting Feaver, or af|ter their removal, or on the intermitting Days, 'tis not impro|per to obviat the Cachectic indi&s;po&s;itions that generally follow 'em, by the u&s;e of the following Vegetable <HI>Febrifuga's,</HI> which &s;harpen the Bile, enervat the Acid, and fortify the Stomac.</P>
<P>Take of E&s;&s;ence of Wormwood, or of le&s;&s;er Centory, or of Gentian, or of Myrrh, half an ounce; Spirit of Sal-armoniac, two drams. Mix. Do&s;e thirty or forty drops twice a Day.</P>
<P>Take of <HI>Michael</HI>'s Febril Elixyr, and Elixyr <HI>Proprietatis,</HI> of each a dram and a half. Mix. Do&s;e forty or fifty drops.</P>
<P>Take of the &s;harpe&s;t Tincture of Tartar, three drams; Elixyr <HI>Proprietatis</HI> prepar'd without an Acid, two drams. Mix, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P>Take of the &s;harpe&s;t Tincture of Tartar, three drams; Quinte&s;&s;ence of Wormwood, one dram. Mix, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P>Take of the &s;harpe&s;t Tincture of Tartar, three drams; of the Carminative Spirit, a dram. Mix. Do&s;e forty or fifty drops twice a Day.</P>
<P N="21">XXI. During the cold Fit, the &s;ick Per&s;on mu&s;t ab&s;tain from Eating or Drinking. After the height of the Fit, when
<PB N="221" REF="111">the Sweat begins to breath forth, and the Heat is vio|lent, he may drink plentifully. Warm Wormwood Wine, or Wormwood Ale, is not improper; if there be any apprehen&s;ion of a &s;corbutic Feaver, the Wine may be Tinctur'd with Anti&s;corbutics. But in Quartan Pa|roxy&s;ms, 'tis advi&s;eable to drink little or none at all, or at lea&s;t to drop forty drops of Spirit of Sal-armoniac into the Liquor: which mu&s;t always be warm.</P>
<P>Let the ordinary Drink be Water or &s;mall Beer mix'd with Wormwood Wine, or clarify'd Whey, with a few drops of the juice of Citrons. Refrigerating Juleps are im|proper, barring the ca&s;e of immoderat Heat, for which warm Drink with Nitre or Spirit of Vitriol is very pro|per. As,</P>
<P>Take of the Flowers of red Poppies, Flowers of Ro&s;es, of each half a Handful. Infu&s;e them in a Pound and a half of Poppy Flower Water, or Clarify'd Whey, and &s;harpen it with Spirit of Sulphur <HI>per Campanam.</HI> Let them &s;tand in a warm place till the Tincture be Extracted. Then add of Syrup of Jujubes, two ounces; Syrup of Violets, an ounce. Make a Julep.</P>
<P>Take of the Con&s;erve of Wood Sorrel, Con&s;erve of Ro&s;es, Con&s;erve of Clove Gilly-flowers, of each an ounce; di&s;&s;olve 'em in a &s;ufficient Quantity of the decoction of Vipers-gra&s;s, or Boyl them gently in a clo&s;e Ve&s;&s;el. Strain the Liquor, and re&s;erve it for u&s;e.</P>
<P>Take of the Roots of Wood&s;orrel, and Tamarinds, of each an ounce; Boyl them in Water. To four pound of the &s;train'd Liquor add three Handfuls of red Ro&s;es, &s;prinkl'd with dulcify'd Spirit of Vitrol. Set them in a warm place, till the Tincture be extracted. Then &s;train it, and add the Syrup of red Corants, and Syrup of Rasberries, of each three ounces. Mix, and re&s;erve for u&s;e.</P>
<P>Take of Spring Water, half a pound; Cinnamom Water, half an ounce; fre&s;h Juice of Citrons, an ounce and a half; Spirit of Vitriol as much as &s;ufficeth for a grateful Acidity. Mix, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P N="22">XXII. In Tertians let not Sweat be artificially promoted before the fourth Fit: and if it comes naturally in the de|clen&s;ions of the Fits, let the Per&s;on be lightly Cover'd. In Quartans Sudorifics are improper, till the &s;igns of Concoction appear; but if &s;weat break forth of its own accord before that time, it mu&s;t not be &s;uppre&s;s'd</P>
<P N="23"><PB N="222" REF="112">XXIII. The chilne&s;s, &s;hivering, &s;haking, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> attend|ing the cold Fits, are admirably accounted for by applying Aromatic Oyls to the Stomac, Brea&s;t, Back-bone, Loins, and Soles of the Feet. As,</P>
<P>Take of Bal&s;am of Peru, a dram; the di&s;till'd Oyls of Cloves, of Mace, and of Amber, of each half a &s;cruple. Mix and Anoint the above mentioned Parts.</P>
<P>Take of expre&s;s'd Oyl of Nutmegs, a dram; di&s;till'd Oyl of Cloves, di&s;till'd Oyl of Cinnamom, of each fifteen grains. Mix <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P>Take of the di&s;till'd Oyl of Juniper-Berries and Ro&s;emary, a &s;cruple; di&s;till'd Oyl of Cloves half a &s;cruple.</P>
<P>Inwardly the &s;ame &s;ymptoms are mitigated by exhibiting the fixed Salts, Aromatic extracts and di&s;till'd Aromatic Oyls. But they are peculiarly calculated for &s;uch Feavers where the cold Symptoms are more violent than the hot. The forms of pre&s;cribing are &s;uch as the&s;e.</P>
<P>Take of the Salt of Wormwood a &s;cruple; prepar'd Oy&s;ter-&s;hells and white Pepper in Powder, of each &s;ix or &s;even grains.</P>
<P>Take of <HI>Sal-Armoniac,</HI> fifteen grains. Cloves and white Pepper, of each five grains. Make a Powder for two Do&s;es. To be taken before the inva&s;ion of the Fit.</P>
<P>Take of prepar'd Pearl half a &s;cruple; Salt of Worm|wood, fifteen grains; di&s;till'd Oyl of Cloves, two drops. Make a Powder.</P>
<P>Take of the Salt of Wormwood, fifteen grains; Diapho|retic Antimony half a &s;cruple; <HI>Laudanum Opiatum,</HI> one grain; di&s;till'd Oyl of Cloves, two drops. Make a Pow|der to be taken two or three Hours before the Fit.</P>
<P>Take of <HI>Crollius</HI>'s &s;pecific again&s;t Feavers, a dram: Salts of Wormwood and of le&s;&s;er Centory, of each half a &s;cruple; di&s;till'd Oyl of Cloves, three drops. Make a Powder for two Do&s;es.</P>
<P>Take of <HI>Carduus Benedictus</HI> Water, an ounce; Cinna|mom Water, a dram; extract of Gentian, half a dram; Spirit of <HI>Sal-Armoniac,</HI> half a dram; Syrup of <HI>Carduus Benedictus,</HI> two drams. Make a draught to be exhibited two Hours before the Fit. In Quartans, when the cold Symptoms prevail mo&s;t, the Do&s;e of the Extract may be augmented; but in Tertians, when the Heat obtains the a&s;|cendant, the Quantity of the Spirit of <HI>Sal-Armoniac</HI> ought to be inlarg'd.</P>
<PB N="223" REF="112">
<P>Take of the Extracts of Wormwood, <HI>Carduus Benedictus,</HI> le&s;&s;er Centory, and Triacle, of each from five to &s;ix Grains; di&s;till'd Oil of Cloves three Drops. Make Pills to be given before the Fit, when cold and its Appendants prevail, and lit|tle or no heat in&s;ues. For Oil of Cloves is an incomparable Antidote again&s;t &s;hivering. <HI>Laudanum Opiatum</HI> and Extract of Troches Alhandal are proper Ingredients for the &s;ame purpo&s;e.</P>
<P N="24">XXIV. If the heat and its Con&s;equences be more trouble|&s;ome than the coldne&s;s, <HI>Sal Armoniac,</HI> or its urinous Spirit, is the only proper Medicine. As,</P>
<P>Take of <HI>Sal Armoniac</HI> a Scruple; <HI>Poterius</HI>'s Antihectic Ponder half a Scruple. Mix, and make a Pouder to be gi|ven before the Fit.</P>
<P>If a raging heat &s;ucceeding to the cold Fit be attended by a notable pro&s;tration of Strength, &s;hort Breathing, a quick frequent and &s;mall Pul&s;e, Spirit of <HI>Sal Armoniac</HI> mix'd with Vinegar and Crabs-eyes will readily give relief. If attended by Heart-burnings, gnawings of the Stomac, Unquietne&s;s, an|xiety of the Brea&s;t, imminent Suffocation, as it frequently oc|curs in Hypocondriac, Hy&s;teric, and Scorbutic Con&s;tituti|ons, the &s;ame Spirit of <HI>Sal Armoniac</HI> is proper to be given, after premi&s;ing Vomits or Cly&s;ters, according to the Circum&s;tan|ces of the Patient; and in the mean while 'tis not ami&s;s to apply a Plai&s;ter of Tacamahac, mix'd with Oil of Amber or Bal&s;am of Peru to the region of the Stomac.</P>
<P N="25">XXV. In Chronical Quartans, let the Phy&s;ician inquire if there be any &s;chirrous Swelling in the Bowels, or hardne&s;s in the <HI>Hypocondria;</HI> if Wind mole&s;t the Guts, or &s;corbutic Symptoms be&s;et the Body: for the&s;e Symptoms mu&s;t be par|ticularly accounted for, before the Feaver can be cur'd; which generally in this ca&s;e ends in the eruption of the Itch or Scab.</P>
<P N="26">XXVI. In &s;tubborn Quartans, the Spaw-waters are con|venient, provided the Stomac and Bowels be regular and in good order. Otherwi&s;e Chalybeat Medicines are more proper. As,</P>
<P>Take of the E&s;&s;ence of Wormwood half a Dram; &s;olution of Steel in the Juice of Apples a Dram. Mix them to be given before the Fit.</P>
<P>Steel and its Productions are of excellent u&s;e in all Hy&s;teric, <HI>Hypocondriac,</HI> &s;plenetic and &s;corbutic Con&s;titutions. It not only removes the ob&s;tructing Acid in the Bowels,
<PB N="224" REF="113">which the Je&s;uits Powder would &s;ix and &s;ettle, but mitigats the impetuo&s;ity of the Fit, which Anodyns do only pal|liat and &s;oment.</P>
<P N="27">XXVII. Tho Chronical Agues may &s;eem to be di&s;cu&s;s'd, by rea&s;on of the di&s;appearance of the Fit, yet 'tis advi&s;able not to de&s;i&s;t for &s;ome time from a &s;pare and cautious Diet, and the u&s;e of the more noted <HI>Febrifuga's,</HI> &s;uch as <HI>Sal Armo|niac,</HI> Salt of Hart&s;horn, volatil Salt of Amber, volatil Salt of Vipers, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> for that ofttimes they relap&s;e after the di&s;|continuation of &s;everal Weeks.</P>
<P>If the&s;e Remarks be heedfully minded, the Cure of Agues will prove ea&s;y and &s;afe; and many fatal Symptoms which in&s;ue an untimely &s;uppre&s;&s;ion of the Fits, or any other di&s;|orderly part of Cure, will be effectually prevented.</P>
<P>As for the Scorbutic Feavers that I've &s;o frequently menti|on'd, 'tis to be remark'd, that if the Scurvy be not directly taken care of, 'twill be impo&s;&s;ible to compa&s;s the Cure of the Feaver. For which purpo&s;e the Spirit of Scurvy-gra&s;s and <HI>Myn&s;icthius</HI>'s <HI>Arcanum Duplicatum</HI> are noted &s;pecifics; they may be mix'd with other Ingredients, as follows.</P>
<P>Take of <HI>Quercetanus</HI>'s Anti&s;corbutic Water an Ounce; Spirit of <HI>Sal Armoniac</HI> half a Dram; Spirit of Scurvy-gra&s;s, a Scruple; <HI>Laudanum Opiatum</HI> one or two Grains; <HI>Fore&s;tus</HI>'s Anti&s;corbutical Syrup two Drams. Mix them to be exhi|bited before the Fit, after the univer&s;al Evacuations are premis'd.</P>
<P>Take of the Water of <HI>Carduus Benedictus,</HI> and Elder|flowe-water, of each two Ounces; Spirit of Scurvy-gra&s;s, two Drams; Spirit of <HI>Sal Armoniac</HI> a Dram; <HI>Myn&s;icthius</HI> his <HI>Arcanum Duplicatum</HI> a Scruple; prepar'd red Coral fif|teen Grains, <HI>Fore&s;tus</HI> his Anti&s;corbutical Syrup an Ounce. Mix as above.</P>
<P>Take of Mint Water, Fennel Water, Fumitory Wa|ter, and Carminative Water, of each an Ounce; Spirit of Scurvy-gra&s;s, Spirit of <HI>Venice</HI> Treacle, of each a Dram; dulcify'd Spirit of Nitre twelve Drops; prepar'd Crabs|eyes half a Dram; <HI>Laudanum Opiatum</HI> a Grain and a half; Syrup of Orange Peel &s;ix Drams. Mix, and give a &s;poonful now and then, in the very time of the Fit. It is of wonderful u&s;e in &s;corbutic Feavers attended by ex|tream heat, &s;traitne&s;s of the Brea&s;t, Wind, violent pains in the Joints, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<PB N="225" REF="113">
<P><HI>Poterius</HI>'s Antihectic Powder, with magi&s;tery of Coral pre|par'd with Juice of Citrons, is a &s;overeign Medicine in S<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="3 letters">|butic Quartans, that threaten a Phthi&s;ie. It may be giv<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters"> in a convenient Vehicle both before and in the Fit.</P>
<P>Whey of Goats-milk, impregnated with the virtue of An|ti&s;corbutic Herbs, is a proper Liquor both for re&s;taining the heat and conquering the Scurvy or it may be mix'd with gentle Laxatives, by rea&s;on that Scorbutic Feavers are attend|ed by a con&s;tipation of the Belly. As,</P>
<P>Take of Tamarinds, half an ounce; Boyl them in Whey. Then &s;train the Whey and add of the Ti<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">cture of the flow|ers of Dazies, two drams; with Solutive Syrup of Ro&s;es. Make a Julep, to be given during the Violence of the not Fit.</P>
<P>Take of the Decoction of Corants in clarify'd Whey, a pound and half; Juice of Scurvy-gra&s;s clarify'd by &s;tand|ing, three ounces; fre&s;h juice of Citrons, an ounce. Make a Julep, as above.</P>
<P>Milk mix'd with Sugar or Spirit of <HI>Sal-armoniac,</HI> is very proper before and after the Paroxy&s;m.</P>
<P>From what has been &s;aid upon the whole matter, we may gather the general method of curing intermitting Feavers into this form. Fir&s;t the Stomac mu&s;t be prepar'd with a Dige&s;tive Powder or two; then a Vomit mu&s;t be exhibited before the Fit, or a Laxative admini&s;tred on the intermitting Day. Afterwards volatil Alteratives, or chalybeat Medi|cines given during the time of intermi&s;&s;ion, according as the Symptoms require; and in the time of the Fit, the precipi|tating <HI>Alcali</HI>'s both volatil and fix'd; of which Cla&s;s are the bitter Herbs, partaking &s;omething of an aromatic Virtue, &s;uch as Wormwood, le&s;&s;er Centory, Fumitory, <HI>Carduus Be|nedictus,</HI> Chamomil, Celandin, Gentian, Zedoary, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> They are us'd by way of Powder, Decoction, expre&s;s'd Juice, Ex|tract, or in the form of a fix'd Salt. In Powder &s;ome give a Dram of the Flowers of le&s;&s;er Centory, or of <HI>Carduus Be|nedictus, &amp;c.</HI> As for Decoctions, tho&s;e of a few Ingredients are infinitely the be&s;t. As,</P>
<P>Take of the Leaves of <HI>Carduus Benedictus,</HI> a handful or two; of <HI>A&s;arabecca</HI> roots, an Ounce; infu&s;e them for the &s;pace of a Night in four Pints of Water, then boil away the third part: Let the Patient take three or four Ounces of this Decoction w<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">rm in Bed, &s;ix Hours before the Fit, and 'twill procure a plentiful &s;weat.</P>
<PB N="226" REF="114">
<P>The Juice of Wormwood exhibited in Wormwood-wine &s;ome Hours before the Paroxy&s;m, is much approv'd. The Extracts of the&s;e bitter Herbs, are likewi&s;e frequently gi|ven, both during the time of intermi&s;&s;ion, and a few Hours before the Fit. Or an E&s;&s;ence may be prepar'd thus,</P>
<P>Take of the tops of le&s;&s;er Centory and Wormwood, of each three handfuls; of the Leaves of Mou&s;e-Ear, and <HI>A|&s;arabecca,</HI> of each two handfuls; of the Herbs Cinquefoil, Hore-hound, Rue, <HI>Carduus Benedictus,</HI> of Water. <HI>German|der,</HI> of each a handful; tops of St. <HI>John</HI>'s Wort, half an Ounce; Roots of Celandin, Dandelion, <HI>Angelica,</HI> Zedoary, Gentian, Ma&s;ter-wort, white Dittany, Devil's-bit, Fearn, and round-rooted Birth-wort, of each an Ounce; Cloves and Ounce; long Pepper &s;ix Drams; Ginger, half an Ounce. Extract the E&s;&s;ence with Spirits of Wormwood, <HI>Carduus Be|nedictus,</HI> and le&s;&s;er Centory. Do&s;e forty or fifty drops to be given on the intermitting day. But the Vegetable Salts prepar'd from the&s;e Herbs, together with Spirit of <HI>Sal-Ar|moniac,</HI> are much beyond any other Medicines.</P>
<P>The Je&s;uit's Bark is commonly join'd to the vegetable train of &s;pecifics. The ways of u&s;ing it are as follows.</P>
<P>Take of the Je&s;uit's Powder, from a Dram to two Drams. Infu&s;e them for the &s;pace of a Night, in two or &s;ix Ounces of Rheni&s;h or <HI>Spani&s;h</HI> Wine; in the Morning, &s;hake them together, and let the Per&s;on drink it warm before the ac|ce&s;&s;ion of the Fit.</P>
<P>Take of the Je&s;uit's Powder, &s;ix or eight Drams; Gen|tian Roots, three Drams; Flowers of le&s;&s;er Centory, four little handfuls; long Pepper, a Dram; Salt of <HI>Tartar,</HI> half an Ounce. Mix for a Powder.</P>
<P>Take of the Je&s;uit's Powder &s;ix Drams; Gentian roots and filings of Steel, of each three Drams; Cloves, a Dram and half. Mix, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P>Take of the Powder of <HI>Kinkina,</HI> a &s;cruple; prepar'd Crab's Eyes, a &s;cruple; Cardamoms and Cubebs, of each three grains. Mix, and give it before the Paroxy&s;m.</P>
<P>Take of the Powder of Kinkina, &s;ix Drams; Guaja|cum, two or three Drams; tops of le&s;&s;er Contory, a hand|ful; Cinnamom, two Drams; Cloves and Crab's Eyes, of each a Dram; Salt of <HI>Tartar,</HI> three Drams; make a Bag, to be infus'd in Rheni&s;h or Wormwood Wine. Of which, let a Draught be exhibited after the appearance of the &s;igns of Concoction, &s;ome Hours before the Paroxy&s;m.</P>
<P>But 'tis a fallacious Remedy, and ought not to be exhi|bited
<PB N="227" REF="114">'till after the general Evacuations; and if the Body be not purged after the di&s;cu&s;&s;ion of the Di&s;ea&s;e by this Medi|cine, 'twill relap&s;e after &s;ome time.</P>
<P>'Tis true, 'tis an effectual Remedy in <HI>Tertian</HI> and <HI>Quartan</HI> Feavers; but &s;ince 'tis an exotic Plant, our dome&s;tic Gen|tian may &s;upply its want. If two or three drams of the Powder of Gentian, or a dram of its thicken'd Juice be gi|ven in Wine about an hour before the Fit&punc; it equals the ef|ficacy of the Je&s;uit's Powder. Myrrh and Ca&s;tor are noted &s;pecifics in <HI>Quartan</HI> and Scorbutic Feavers. They are gi|ven from a Scruple to half a Dram in Wine before the Fit. Some give forty or fifty drops of the Bezoardic Tincture, in Wormwood Wine, together with chalybeat diaphoretic Antimony, or <HI>Timaeus</HI>'s pearl'd Powder, immediately before the Fit. Shells calcin'd, and burrnt Hearts-horn, are ex|hibited in like manner, with good &s;ucce&s;s. Or,</P>
<P>Take of Nutmegs, Nitre, and Allum, of each a Dram. Make a Powder for three Do&s;es. Of which, let the Pati|ent take one before every Fit, being prepar'd to &s;weat.</P>
<P>Take of prepar'd Red Coral, half a Dram; &s;ugar of Lead twelve or fifteen grains; <HI>Laudanum Opiatum,</HI> one grain. Mix, and exhibit in the decoction of <HI>Carduus Bene|dictus</HI> before the Fit, and continue the u&s;e till the Feaver be di&s;cu&s;s'd.</P>
<P>The congeal'd Spirits of Salt, and <HI>Vitriol,</HI> Fulminatory Gold, and Salt of Antimony, are much approv'd. The Salt of Antimony may be thus prepar'd. Take diaphoretic An|timony, and dige&s;t it in Vinegar &s;harpen'd with Spirit of Vitriol, in a moderat heat. Then &s;train and evaporat the Sugar, and ye will find a Salt or Vitriol, which may be further &s;ubtilis'd by di&s;&s;olving it in Spirit of Wine, and e|vaporating. If ye mix this Salt with Flowers of Antimony; it proves an incomparable Medicin again&s;t Feavers.</P>
<P>But we ought to remark, that all the&s;e &s;ix'd Specifics are offen&s;ive to the Stomac and Appetit, and Enemies to the di|ge&s;tive faculty; and if un&s;ea&s;onably admini&s;tred, are fol|low'd by Relap&s;es, or Scirrhus's in the Bowels: wherefore the pa&s;&s;ages ought to be well cleans'd before we attempt to pre&s;cribe 'em; and when we do, they ought to be mix'd with other &s;udorifics. As,</P>
<P>Take of <HI>Carduus Benedictus</HI> Water, two Ounces: <HI>Stro|belbergerus</HI>'s &s;pecific Powder, half a Dram; volatil Salt of Harts-horn, &s;ix grains; <HI>Laudanum Opiatum,</HI> one grain. Mix, and exhibit before the Fit. For a Hy&s;teric <HI>Tertian,</HI>
<PB N="228" REF="115">after the common premi&s;es, I've pre&s;crib'd the following Powder with very good &s;ucce&s;s.</P>
<P>Take of prepar'd Harts-horn, half a Dram; Salt of Wormwood, a &s;cruple; prepar'd red Coral, twelve grains; Extract of Ca&s;tor, five grains; <HI>Laudanum Opiatum,</HI> two grains. Make a Powder for two Do&s;es. To be frequent|ly repeated and taken before the Fit. After the Feaver is di&s;|cu&s;s'd by the&s;e Specifics, 'tis expedient to purge the Body thus;</P>
<P>Take of <HI>Quercetanus</HI>'s Pills of Ammoniac, twelve grains; Extract of Wormwood, &s;ix or eight grains; Extract of <HI>Troches Alhandal,</HI> two grains. Make Pills.</P>
<P>If a relap&s;e happen, give <HI>Sal-Armoniac</HI> mix'd with <HI>Pote|rius</HI>'s <HI>Antihectic</HI> Powder, or prepar'd Coral, before the in|va&s;ion of the Paroxy&s;m.</P>
<P>Some commend <HI>Vitriol</HI> as a good &s;pecific. But above all, the fix'd Salts are be&s;t, which are preferable to any other preparation of the vegetable Specifics; Brim&s;tone or Gun|powder given from half a dram to a whole one, in Vinegar or &s;harp Wine, is much approv'd. Or,</P>
<P>Take of &s;ix'd Nitre, half a Dram; Flowers of Sulphur, three Drams; Flowers of <HI>Sal-Armoniac,</HI> one dram; Pow|der of Red Sanders, &s;ix drams; white Sugar, two drams. Do&s;e a dram and a half, to be taken before the Fit.</P>
<P>Opium is of noted vertue in intermitting Feavers; upon which account, <HI>Galen</HI> and his Followers, were wont to pre|&s;cribe <HI>Venice</HI> Treacle with juice of Wormwood. But it ought not to be exhibited before the Concoction be in &s;ome mea&s;ure advanc'd. In ca&s;e of a prevailing Heat, it may be exhibited in Vinegar.</P>
<P N="27">XXVII. Having thus accounted for the direct Cure of intermitting Feavers, it remains to take a view of their Con|&s;equences. <HI>Quartan</HI> or Chronical Feavers are oft-times fol|low'd by a &s;chirrus of the Spleen or Me&s;entery, or a tenden|cy to the Hypochondriac illne&s;s. Now, to prevent this in|convenience, 'twill be needful to join chalybeat or &s;plene|tic Medicines to the common &s;pecifics. The Extract of Steel prepar'd with juice of Apples, or its liquid E&s;&s;ence mixd with Spirit of Scurvy-gra&s;s, or the tincture of <HI>Vitri|ol</HI> of Steel, are proper for this purpo&s;e.</P>
<P>Be&s;ides internal Medicins, &s;ome are wont to make u&s;e of external helps. The &s;ymptom of Heat, may be abated by an Epithema of Ro&s;e-Vinegar, Juice of Hou&s;e-leek and Ni|tre; or a Catapla&s;m of Ye&s;t, Salt and Vinegar applied to
<PB N="229" REF="115">the Feet. The material cau&s;e of the Feaver is in &s;ome mea|&s;ure evacuated by the application of Bli&s;tering, or Corro&s;ive Ingredients; &s;ome apply catapla&s;ms of Garlic, O|nyons, Saffron, Vinegar and white Pepper; ju&s;t before the Fit, to the Wri&s;ts. Some mix bruis'd Sage-leaves with Soot and the yelk of an Egg; others Salt, Hopps, and Rai&s;ms, for the &s;ame purpo&s;e. Some put a dram or two of Cam|phir, in a Bag, and fa&s;ten it to the pit of the Brea&s;t, 'till it be exhal'd. Others apply the following Plai&s;ter to the Sto|mac.</P>
<P>Take of Hony, two Ounces; Ma&s;tic and Turpentin, of each half an Ounce; boil the Hony to a due con&s;i&s;tency; then mix it with the other Ingredients for a Plai&s;ter. Or,</P>
<P>Take of Shining Soot, an Ounce and a half; Turpentin, &s;ix drams; Spider's Webbs, an Ounce; Camphyr, two &s;cruples; with Oyl of Scorpions, make a Plai&s;ter, to be ap|plied to the Wri&s;ts.</P>
<P>Oyl of Spiders, living Spiders, and all their preparations are much in u&s;e. In malignant and <HI>Quartan</HI> Feavers, the following Plai&s;ter is very &s;ucce&s;sful.</P>
<P>Take of <HI>Venice</HI> Turpentin, an Ounce; melt it in a Cop|per Kettle; then throw in twenty or thirty living Spiders; &s;tir them about with a wooden Spatula, 'till the Spiders be cover'd. Then add of the Powder of Toad's-fle&s;h dry'd, Powder of red Land-Toads, dry'd, of each an Ounce; crude <HI>Tartar,</HI> an Ounce; Savin, two or &s;ix drams. With Oyl of Scorpions make a Plai&s;ter.</P>
<P>If we &s;u&s;pect any &s;welling of the Spleen or Bowels, 'tis proper to apply to the region thereof, the Plai&s;ter of Hem|lock, or of Tobacco, or <HI>Vigo</HI>'s Plai&s;ter with Mercury mix'd with Gum <HI>Ammoniac.</HI> The thicken'd juice or extract of Tobacco is conducive to this purpo&s;e, as al&s;o <HI>Sylvius</HI>'s Car|minative Plai&s;ter. If the region of the <HI>Spleen</HI> or Belly be mole&s;ted with pains, apply what follows.</P>
<P>Take of the Extract of Tobacco prepar'd by decoction, three Ounces: <HI>Opium</HI> di&s;&s;olv'd in Wine, and reduc'd to the con&s;i&s;tence of an Extract, one Ounce; Wax, half a pound. With Turpentine and Oil of Tobacco, make a Plai&s;ter.</P>
<P>Having thus di&s;patch'd the regular cure of Feavers, 'twill not be improper to propo&s;e &s;ome method of relief for tho&s;e, who by an un&s;ea&s;onable and unskilful &s;uppre&s;&s;ion of the Fea|ver, are liable to frequent relap&s;es, convul&s;ive pains in the Belly, Head-aches, A&s;thma's, wearine&s;s of the Body, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> In this ca&s;e, let the Body be render'd &s;oluble by the De|coction
<PB N="230" REF="116">of Rai&s;ins, and &s;uch like laxative and emollient In|gredients. Then exhibit &s;ome pacific mixture; as,</P>
<P>Take of Mint-water, an Ounce and a half; Spirit of Sal-Armoniac, half a Dram; Hy&s;teric <HI>Laudanum,</HI> two or three grains; Syrup of Orange-peel, three or &s;ix drams. Mix for a Draught, and continue the u&s;e for &s;ome time. If any &s;welling or violent pain continue in the <HI>Hypoga&s;tria,</HI> apply the Plai&s;ter of Gum-Ammoniac and of Galbanum, with Oyl of Bricks. After the &s;ymptoms are gone, 'tis advi|&s;able, to continue for &s;ome time the u&s;e of Wormwood, or &s;uch Remedies as partake of it.</P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 N="3" TYPE="chapter">
<HEAD>SECT. IV. <HI>Of continual Feavers.</HI></HEAD>
<DIV5 N="1" TYPE="article">
<HEAD>ART. 1. <HI>Of Day-Feavers.</HI></HEAD>
<P>OFt-times the abu&s;e of the &s;ix no<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> natural things, di&s;turbs the natural fermentation of the Blood, accelerats the Pul&s;e, and in &s;ome mea&s;ure di&s;orders the functions; which &s;ymptoms di&s;appear in a days time, either of their own ac|cord, or by u&s;ing &s;ome gentle &s;udorific.</P>
<P>This Feaver is call'd Continual, by rea&s;on that it does not intermit from beginning to ending. If the Blood be vi|tiated, it is apt to degenerat into a <HI>Synoehus,</HI> or a Fever that la&s;ts above one day. In order to prevent which, give the following Julep.</P>
<P>Take of the decoction of Harts-horn with Vipers-gra&s;s, one pound; juice of Citrons, juice of Quinces, of each half an ounce; tincture of Columbine-flowers, and of Da|zies, of each a dram and a half; Syrup of Rasberries, two Ounces: Spirit of Vitriol, as much as &s;ufficeth for a grateful acidity. Make a Julep, or in&s;tead of the Julep, make a decoction of the like Ingredients, together with gentle laxatives.</P>
<PB N="231" REF="116">
<P>If the Belly be &s;well'd, and the Body very hot, take of Fennel Water an ounce and a half; carminative Water, &s;ix Drams; dulcifi'd Spirit of Nitre, three drams; Syrup of Orange-peel, half an Ounce. Mix and make a Julep.</P>
</DIV5>
<DIV5 N="2" TYPE="article">
<HEAD>ART. 2. <HI>Of the Principal acute Feavers.</HI></HEAD>
<P>THE continual Feavers that la&s;t above one day, are ei|ther <HI>primary,</HI> or &s;ymptomatical. The former are a Di&s;|ea&s;e &s;ub&s;i&s;ting by it &s;elf, which, if its period be &s;hort, and its Symptoms grievous, is call'd <HI>Acute;</HI> if it be &s;low-pac'd, and advance without any notable di&s;turbance, 'tis call'd a <HI>Slow Feaver.</HI> Both of which are call'd Compounds, or pe|riodical continual <HI>Feavers,</HI> if they admit of any remi&s;&s;ion, or exacerbation in their continued progre&s;s. But if their ve|hemence be &s;till the &s;ame, they are call'd &s;imple <HI>Synochus</HI>'s.</P>
<P>If <HI>Acute</HI> Feavers come without the inflammation of any particular part, they are call'd <HI>Solitary.</HI> And if di&s;mal Symp|toms happen, beyond the apparent reach of the Feaver, 'tis &s;til'd Malignant: But if otherwi&s;e, <HI>Benignity</HI> is its Cha|racter.</P>
<P>The primary, &s;imple, continual, &s;olitary, hot, benign Feavers are caus'd by the prevalency of a volatil, oyly, bi|lious Salt in the Ma&s;s of Blood, that hotly encounters the acid Particles, creates a violent motion and Heat, accele|rates the Pul&s;e, tinctures the Urine, and while the Victo|ry is undetermin'd, renders it thin and crude; but when the&s;e volatil parts are &s;ubdu'd, and precipitated by the A|cid, the Urine depo&s;its a &s;ediment, and affords the true &s;igns of Concoction.</P>
<P>The remote cau&s;e, for the mo&s;t part, is the depravation of the Chyle, occa&s;ion'd by the defect of the Choler, or a faulty dige&s;tion in the Stomac; for the &s;tomachic dige&s;tion is the Mother and &s;ource of all the fermentations of the other Juices in the Body. Now the vicious heterogeneous Par|ticles convey'd in the Chyle to the Blood, di&s;turb its na|tural fermentation, and provoke its con&s;tituent parts to ri&s;e up, in order to expel the Ho&s;tile Intruders. Thus we &s;ee that tho&s;e, who&s;e Blood is well &s;tock'd with bilious Particles, who&s;e Con&s;titution is foul, corpulent, and plethoric, who
<PB N="232" REF="117">feed high, and drink &s;trong Liquors, are mo&s;t liable to this preternatural fermentation. In like manner, whatever &s;tops the in&s;en&s;ible tran&s;piration, accumulats oily Particles in the Blood, and exalts the Spirits, does pr<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="3 letters">i&s;po&s;e the Blood for receiving a feaveri&s;h impre&s;&s;ion.</P>
<P>The Cau&s;e of acute, compound, periodical Feavers, is &s;ome vicious acid juice, proceeding from the Stomac, re|turning by intervals, while the volatil oily Ferment conti|nues its cour&s;e without intermi&s;&s;ion. They are, as it were, compounded of a Continual Acute Feaver, and an Intermit|ting one, which is always a <HI>Tertian;</HI> for <HI>Quotidian</HI> and <HI>Quartan</HI> continued periodical Feavers (if any &s;uch there be) are rather &s;low than acute. This Compound &s;ort of Acute Feavers, is oft-times attended by a notable heat, without any &s;hivering.</P>
<P>If an in&s;ufferable thir&s;t, drine&s;s of the Tongue, Head|aches, Deliriums, a high tincture and muddine&s;s of Urine, attend a continual Feaver, 'tis call'd a <HI>Cau&s;us</HI> or Burning Feaver. The cau&s;e of the&s;e Symptoms is the hot ingagement of a &s;harp volatil Acid, with the volatil oily Particles. Be|&s;ides, the &s;tomachic ferment being vitiated, and unqualifi'd for its wonted Office, the contents of the Stomac degene|rat into an alcalin oily texture, which &s;ticks to its Pleats, irritats the Membranes of the Gullet, and, by con&s;ent, the Tongue it &s;elf: And moreover, when it joins the Blood, impregnats the Lymph which waters the Throat, and is voided by way of Spittle, with a volatil only Salt. And if this vicious <HI>Saliva</HI> &s;tick to the Tongue and Throat, it becomes trouble&s;ome and inflaming; cau&s;ing in the&s;e parts a redne&s;s, hear, and pain, known by the name of <HI>Prunella.</HI></P>
<P>Continual Acute Feavers are &s;tyl'd, <HI>Lipyria</HI>'s, when the &s;uperficial parts of the Body are mole&s;ted with a &s;en&s;e of Cold, while tho&s;e within are be&s;et with a violent Heat. They proceed for the mo&s;t part from the in<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ammation of &s;ome very &s;en&s;ible Membranous internal part, and upon that account are referable to the &s;ymptomatical Cla&s;s. If there be any &s;uch thing as a primary <HI>Lipyria,</HI> the &s;en&s;e of external Cold mu&s;t proceed from the irritation of the ner|vous membranous parts, and that of inward heat from the pre<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ernatural fermentation of the Blood.</P>
<P>If a Continual Acute Feaver be attended by a Con&s;ump|tion, or colliquation of the fat oily parts of the Body, and a tendency to a Mara&s;mus, 'tis call'd a <HI>Melting</HI> Feaver. The&s;e oily far nutritious juices are voided either by &s;tool
<PB N="233" REF="117">in the form of &s;tinking Excrements, or by a cool glutinous Sweat, or by copious quantities of Urine, who&s;e &s;urface is cover'd with far, or by falling into the cavity of the Belly, or upon the Feet after a Hydropic manner.</P>
<P>The Cau&s;es of melting Feavers are, the thin open texture of the nutritious juice and fat, occa&s;ion'd by the want of a fixing congealing Acid; The Acrimony of the Bile, which &s;harpens and whets the Chyle, and qualifies it for unlocking the Body of the nutritious and fat Juices; the vehemence of di&s;&s;olving Heat; and the Cau&s;tic penetrating &s;harpne&s;s of the febrile ferment. The remote cau&s;es are, the epidemical Con&s;titutions of the Air; the immoderat u&s;e of Brandy, or &s;piritous Liquors, which over-whet the oily volatil Salt of the Choler; the over-frequent &s;moaking of Tobacco, and drinking cold Water after a violent heat. The Scurvy and Cancer in the Brea&s;ts are oft-times li&s;ted into the number of the Cau&s;es. The&s;e melting Feavers ought to be heedfully di&s;tingui&s;h'd from that profluence of Sweat which proceeds from the deficiency of the Spirits, the unbending of the Fi|bres, and flagging of the loo&s;er parts, as in &s;woonings, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P>Some continual burning Feavers are call'd <HI>Delirious,</HI> when the Spirits move irregularly in the Brain, cau&s;ing doating, in&s;u&s;terable Head-aches, &s;tubborn watching, and &s;ometimes Convul&s;ions. The cau&s;e is partly the heat of the Brain and Spirits, occa&s;ion'd by the violent fermentations of the Blood; and partly the malignity of the febrile ferment, which debauches the quality of the Spirits, and galls the membra|nous nervous parts.</P>
<P>If the malignant ferment break out in Pu&s;hes and Whelks in the Face, Mouth or Head, the Feaver is call'd <HI>Pemphy|godes.</HI> If the Per&s;on &s;weat copiou&s;ly the fir&s;t day of the Fea|vers inva&s;ion, but without any ea&s;e or benefit, 'tis call'd <HI>E|lodes.</HI> If the Per&s;on be di&s;quieted, and to&s;s in Bed, 'tis call'd <HI>A&s;&s;odes.</HI> This la&s;t &s;ymptom may be caus'd by weak|ne&s;s, notable malignity, vehement heat, impetuo&s;ity of the Spirits, and e&s;pecially by vicious Humours di&s;turbing the mouth of the Stomac. If the Per&s;on be mole&s;ted with a Hiccough, which always proceeds from the Stomac, 'tis call'd <HI>Lyngodes.</HI> If &s;hivering and &s;haking attend the whole progre&s;s of the Feaver, as it oft-times does in the &s;uppurati|ons of internal Ulcers, and compound continual Feavers, 'tis call'd <HI>Phricodes.</HI></P>
<P>Of all the compound continual, or continual periodical Feavers, that call'd <HI>Semitertiana,</HI> is mo&s;t worthy our regard.
<PB N="234" REF="118">'Tis generally look'd upon to be compos'd of a <HI>Tertian</HI> and <HI>Quotidian,</HI> one of which is a Compound Continual, and the other an intermitting Feaver. Authors give &s;everal varying accounts of the periods of this Feaver; but however 'tis fo<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> the mo&s;t part ca&s;t into this form; <HI>viz.</HI> A Continual Feaver &s;eizes the Patient, and periodical &s;hiverings follow'd by a notable heat Ob&s;erve the order of a <HI>Tertian,</HI> and gentle &s;hiverings &s;ucceeded by a meeker heat follow a <HI>Quotidian</HI> period.</P>
<P>The &s;igns of Acute Feavers are manife&s;t. A notable Heat and Thir&s;t always attends a burning Feaver. 'Tis u&s;h|er'd in by a wearine&s;s of the Body, and perturbation of the Head for &s;ome days; then by a chilne&s;s and &s;hivering, which intimats, that the volatil oily Particles have not yet obtain'd the a&s;cendant over the Acid. Afterwards a notable heat &s;ucceeds; the Pul&s;e is frequent and accelerated, and if the Salts of the Blood are equally match'd, 'tis large and e|qual; if it be &s;mall or unequal, it be&s;peaks malignity. If the Salts of the Blood are very &s;harp and exalted, a bi|ting vehement heat mole&s;ts the whole Body; if they are temperat, the heat is milder. The Urine, at fir&s;t, is thick, red, and dark; in progre&s;s of time it di&s;covers a Cloud on the top, and, upon the Cri&s;is, a copious &s;ediment at bottom. If at the height of the Di&s;ea&s;e the Urin be thin, 'tis a fatal &s;ign. If at fir&s;t it appear thick and dark, and afterwards de|generate into a thin con&s;i&s;tence, it portends unquietne&s;s, doat|ing, and frequently Death. But for making a due e&s;timat of the Urine, we ought to have a particular regard to the Con&s;titution of the Patient. For the Urine of tho&s;e who&s;e Blood is copiou&s;ly temper'd with lymph and nutritious juice, is never &s;o high tinctur'd nor &s;o thin; as that of Bilious, &s;corburic, or Phthi&s;ical Per&s;ons. Nor can tho&s;e who &s;weat much void &s;uch large quantities of Urin and &s;ediment as others. The Spittle is glutinous and &s;canty, attended by in|tolerable thir&s;t, watchings, Head-aches, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P>Acute Feavers come regularly to a <HI>Cri&s;is</HI> in hot Climats; but in the&s;e Countries, where we are wont to anticipate Na|ture by alterative, Diaphoretic, and ab&s;orbent Medicins, they are not quite &s;o regular. Sometimes they &s;pend them&s;elves by gradual &s;olutions by Urine, Night-Sweats, or Salivation.</P>
<P>As for the Progno&s;tics of acute Feavers: a &s;udden unac|countable Lightning or ea&s;e is a mortal &s;ign. If the Symp|toms are extream high, the Brea&s;t di&s;turb'd, and the Stomac
<PB N="235" REF="118">quea&s;y, or mole&s;ted with a gnawing Pain; if in the begin|ning of the Di&s;ea&s;e a loo&s;ene&s;s happen, attended by a notable pro&s;tration of &s;trength, and a <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 word"> corruption of the excre|ments; in a word, if any &s;igns of malignity appear, 'tis a dangerous ca&s;e. Vomiting is a good &s;ign. If the Patient be &s;omewhat benefited and not overweaken'd by a loo&s;ene&s;s, 'tis not &s;o very dangerous. Sometimes a melting Sweat, in which red Sand-like matter is voided, and found in the Bed, may perform the Cure. White, Pale, crude Urine is al|ways a bad Omen. The more reddi&s;h it appears at fir&s;t, the &s;ooner the Di&s;ea&s;e comes to its height. The Feavers that are occa&s;ioned by evident cau&s;es are more favourable, than tho&s;e who&s;e cau&s;e is invi&s;ible. If &s;trength decay apace, with|out any notable Evacuation, Death is at hand. If the Tongue be moi&s;t and of a natural red Colour, all is well; but if it be rough, Dry, Black, Livid, Slimy, or Chop'd, 'tis in a bad Condition. The &s;welling of the Face be&s;peaks the length of the Di&s;ea&s;e. If the &s;igns of Concoction appear the fourth Day, the Feaver di&s;appears the &s;eventh, if they are put off till the &s;eventh, the eleventh Concludes the matter.</P>
<P>The Cri&s;is of the Feaver &s;ignifies the Period in which the u&s;ele&s;s and noxious parts are &s;eparated and expell'd, &s;ome|times by Ulcers in the Lips and No&s;trils, where the Skin is thin, and Blood Ve&s;&s;els abound; &s;ometimes by a <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 word"> diff<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">s<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">d over the Body; by Urine, Sweating, Salivation, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P>In <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ot Climats the Di&s;ea&s;e is &s;ometimes Cur'd by Bleed|ings at No&s;e or other places. The Bleeding at No&s;e is for the mo&s;t part preceded by a tingling of the Ears. If this Cri|&s;is be imperfect, or di&s;turb'd by an indi&s;creet u&s;e of ab&s;or|bent fixing Medicines, 'tis follow'd by in&s;ufferable pains of the Stomac, Guts, or Joints, and &s;ometimes Pal&s;ies.</P>
<P>If a Phy&s;ician know how to anticipat the Cri&s;is, by eva|cuating the morbific matter betimes, and curbing the imperu|ous Motion, he ought to do it. But in many ca&s;es we are at a lo&s;s how to compa&s;s it, and therefore are oblig'd to trace Nature's &s;teps, and patiently wait her Critical Hour, e&s;pecially in Benign Feavers, where Nature indeavours to throw out the offen&s;ive particles and purify the Blood. Now to thwart her in &s;o good a Work is dangerous. So that all that a Phy&s;ician can do, is to keep Nature upon its Legs, and moderat its efforts. This indication is an&s;wer'd by clean&s;ing the fir&s;t Pa&s;&s;ages; tempering the urinous &s;harp Salt in the Blood; a&s;&s;i&s;ting Nature in its de&s;ign'd Evacuati|on;
<PB N="236" REF="119">and mitigating the occa&s;ional Symptoms. Now in or|der to a happy attainment of the&s;e ends, 'twill be needful to &s;ubjoyn the following Remarks.</P>
<P N="1">I. That a malignant Feaver in the beginning imitats the Symptoms of a <HI>Cau&s;us;</HI> and therefore the &s;afe&s;t way is to commence the Cure of the &s;ame by Alexipharmacal Medi|cines, and after the fear of the latent Malignity is over to return to the u&s;ual method of Cure.</P>
<P N="2">II. That the&s;e Alexipharmacal Medicines ought to be mix'd with precipitating Ingredients, as in the Bezoardic Tincture, in order to promote a gentle tran&s;piration; but we mu&s;t not by any means attempt to force &s;weating.</P>
<P N="3">III. That if the &s;ick Per&s;ons be thir&s;ty and hot, we mu&s;t not deny 'em drink; only let it be warm and all of one &s;ort, and rather drunk of frequently, than much of it taken down at once, for fear of weakning the Stomac. If the thir&s;t be vio|lent, and the Patient free of a loo&s;ene&s;s, clarify'd Whey with Juice of Citrons is a proper Liquor. Barly Water is commonly given, but I do not approve of it, for that it feeds windy Crudities in the Stomac. Spirit of Sulphur drop'd into Water is very good; as likewi&s;e Water mix'd with a &s;ixth part of Wine, and Juice of Citrons or Quinces, and Gelly of Harts-horn.</P>
<P N="4">IV. In the beginning and progre&s;s of the Di&s;ea&s;e, if the Brea&s;t and Belly be oppre&s;s'd, the Body co&s;tive<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> if the Blood boyl high, and the humors move towards the Head, inject Cly&s;ters, or exhibit gentle laxative Decocti|ons. If the Symptoms advance in a precipitant forward way, let this be done before Bleeding.</P>
<P N="5">V. Vomits are proper in the beginning; and if the &s;trength of the Patient admit, in the progre&s;s of the Di&s;ea&s;e, They Mitigat all the Symptoms, which are oft-times caus'd or at lea&s;t heighten'd by the vicious humors lodg'd in the fir&s;t Pa&s;&s;ages. They mu&s;t be given in moderat Do&s;es, by rea&s;on that the humors are floating and movable in continual acute Feavers, tho' in the intermitting &s;ort they are extream fix'd: If the Patient was in the beginning mole&s;ted with a propen&s;i|ty to Vomit, or a Squeami&s;hne&s;s, a bitter ta&s;t in the Mouth, or bitter Belchings, Heart-burnings, anxieties of the Brea&s;t, Swooning, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Vomiting is highly Convenient.</P>
<P N="6">VI. Purgatives properly &s;o call'd are prejudicial in con|tinual Feavers, except in the Declination, when the Fe|brile matter is not totally evacuated by Urine and Stool. 'Tis true in Benign Feavers we ought to keep the Body &s;oluble,
<PB N="237" REF="119">and free the Stomac from the overflowing Choler by mild Lenitives. But proper Purgatives exhibited before Con|coction of the matter are doubtle&s;s very offen&s;ive. For if they do not operat they occa&s;ion Gripes, &s;wimmings of the Head, Swoonings, and an infinity of di&s;orders in the Body without any evacuation; if they happen to work well, they infeeble the Body, melt down the humors, and prolong the Di&s;ea&s;e. The Decoction of Tamarinds in Whey is a pro|per and &s;afe Laxative, or, if in the beginning you de&s;ire to clean&s;e the fir&s;t Pa&s;&s;ages, take what follows.</P>
<P>Take of the Pulp of Tamarinds, a dram; Powder of Rhubarb, a &s;cruple; prepar'd Scammony two or three Grains. Make a Bolus. Or,</P>
<P>Take of choice Rhubarb, a dram and a half; pick'd Senna Leaves, a dram; infu&s;e them in Whey all Night, in the Morning let them Boyl gently, and add to the &s;train'd Liquor, two drams of Solutive Syrup of Ro&s;es.</P>
<P N="7">VII. If the Pul&s;e be large and &s;trong, if the con&s;titution of the Patient be Plethoric and full, if the Blood boyl high, or any notable &s;uppre&s;&s;ion went before, 'tis nece&s;&s;ary to Bleed in the Beginning of the Feaver, without any regard to Morning or Evening, or any &s;et time. After the third or fourth Day 'tis too late. If the Feaver remit, let the Blood be drawn forth during the time of the Remi&s;&s;ion; and be|fore the Admini&s;tration of a Vomit. Some are wont, in a <HI>Prunella,</HI> to open a vein under the Tongue; and if the Blood run briskly, 'tis accounted a good &s;ign; if it only &s;queez out by drops, 'tis Ominous. But if the&s;e foregoing Symptoms be not vi&s;ible, let Blood-letting be quite omitted, and a Vomit &s;upply its room. Frequent experience teaches us that repeated Blood-letting exalts the Feaver, e&s;pecially in the&s;e Northern Climats, and renders Men liable to re|lap&s;es. The Feaver it &s;elf exhau&s;ts and dries up the Blood in the Veins, according to <HI>Spigelius</HI> and <HI>Argenterius</HI>'s ob&s;er|vations; upon which account we ought to be very cautious in le&s;&s;ening its quantity.</P>
<P N="8">VIII. We ought to encourage a breathing Sweat during the whole cour&s;e of the Di&s;ea&s;e, by exhibiting the Salts of Wormwood, <HI>Carduus Benedictus,</HI> &amp;c. Coral, &s;eal'd Earth, Mineral Bezoar, Harts-horn, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> To which, we may add precipitating Ingredients, in order to correct the febrile Ferment. But all Sulphureous Volatil Ro&s;inous things ought to be carefully avoided; and before the height of the Di&s;|ea&s;e all forc'd Sweats are improper.</P>
<P N="9"><PB N="238" REF="120">IX. Meat or Food mu&s;t never be forc'd upon feaveri&s;h Per&s;ons; or if their Appetit require any, let it be very thin and watry. Above all, in the declination, take care of eating Meat or cramming the Stomac, while the Dige&s;tive faculty is yet weak.</P>
<P N="10">X. In the beginning or height of a Feaver opiats are im|proper. In the increa&s;e, while the Spirits rage, and &s;trength is not quite exhau&s;ted, they are of u&s;e for pacifying the Spirits, preventing their Con&s;umption, and promoting the Concoction of the matter. Let 'em be always mix'd with proper &s;pecifics.</P>
<P>From the&s;e ob&s;ervations we may infer that the alterative &s;pecifics are &s;uch as either re&s;pect the Feaver it &s;elf and its material Cau&s;e, or the Symptoms that attend it. Of the former &s;ort are Nitre, <HI>Arcanum Duplicatum,</HI> and the Sul|phurs of Minerals fix'd by Nitre, <HI>Diaphoretic Antimony,</HI> Mineral Bezoar, Cinnabar of Antimony, Chalybeat Mine|ral Bezoar, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Cooling and aperient Herbs, as Cichory, Dandelion, Borrage, Buglo&s;s, Fumitory, Lettuce, Sorrel, Pur&s;lain, Ro&s;es, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Temperat Oily Seeds, Emul&s;ions, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Harts-horn, Coral, &s;eal'd Earth, Ivory, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> To which we may add Alexipharmacal Medicines, Volatil Salts of A|nimals, as of Harts-horn, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Of the latter &s;ort are the Vegetable and Mineral Acid Spirits, e&s;pecially the la&s;t, of which the Spirit of Sulphur and Nitre are the be&s;t; but they ought to be dulcify'd by Spirit of Wine, for temperat things are mo&s;t agreeable to Nature. Spirit of Vitriol contains in it &s;ome metallin Parts, that are very offen&s;ive. In the vege|table Province, the clarify'd Juices of Acid Fruits are very proper, and much preferable to the Syrpus, &s;uch are the Juices of Citrons, of Quinces, of Barberries, of red Corants, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> The Juices of Hou&s;e-leek, Pur&s;lain, Plantain, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> are like|wi&s;e very u&s;eful. Tamarinds are much approv'd by rea&s;on of their Laxative and Cooling quality.</P>
<P>As for the forms of Receipts, pre&s;cribe as follows. If there be any &s;u&s;picion of a latent malignity, let forty or &s;ixty drops of the Bezoardic Tincture be exhibited in the beginning of the Di&s;ea&s;e. Then,</P>
<P>Take of the Decoction of Harts-horn, with the roots of Vipers-gra&s;s, a pound; fre&s;h juice of Citrons, two ounces; Syrup of Water Lilly-flowers, Syrup of white Poppies, of each &s;ix drams; dulcify'd Spirit of Nitre, as much as &s;uf|ficeth for a grateful Acidity. Make a Julep. Or,</P>
<PB N="239" REF="120">
<P>Take of the Decoction of Harts-horn, with the roots of Vipers-gra&s;s, one Pound; Juice of Barberries, Juice of red Corans, of each an ounce and a half; Tincture of Ro&s;es, Tincture of Violets, of each a dram; Syrup of the Juice of Citrons, an ounce and a half; Spirit of Sulphur as much as &s;ufficeth for a grateful Acidity. Mix for a Julep. Or,</P>
<P>Take of Common Water a Convenient Quantity, with a little Wine and as much of the Juice of Quinces as &s;ufficeth for a grateful Acidity. Mix, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P>Take of Borrage Water, Buglo&s;s Water, and Water of Rasberries, of each an ounce; Cinnamom Water, three drams; fre&s;h Juice of Citrons, &s;ix or eight drams; Con|fection Alkermes, a dram and a half; Syrup of Rasberries, half an ounce. Mix, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P>Take of the Con&s;erves of Wood-&s;orrel, of the Pulp of Citrons, and of Clove Gilly-flowers, of each an ounce; Rob of red Corants, &s;ix drams; Confection Alkermes, two drams; with a &s;ufficient quantity of the Syrup of Rasber|ries. Make an Electuary.</P>
<P>The Decoction of the Roots and Leaves of Wood-&s;orrel mix'd with the Juice of red Corants, and Syrup of Ras|berries, is a very palatable Liquor for quenching Thir&s;t.</P>
<P>Extemporary Tinctures may be drawn from the Flowers of Dazies, Poppies, Ro&s;es, Clove Gillyflowers, Violets, Golum|bines, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> with common Water, or the Decoction of Harts|horn and Vipers-gra&s;s, or red Poppy Water, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> The Flowers being fir&s;t &s;prinkl'd with Spirit of Sulphur, or of Vitriol The&s;e Tinctures are of a plea&s;ant red Colour, for all blue Flowers when mix'd with an Acid Spirit, yield a rutilant Tincture.</P>
<P>The&s;e Tinctures may be &s;weeten'd with Syrup of Ras|berries or of Violets, or of Iujubes: and are &s;ometimes joyn'd to the dulcify'd Acid Spirits, and drop'd into the Pati|ent's ordinary Drink.</P>
<P>In&s;tead of Juleps or Tinctures, &s;ome u&s;e the Decocti|on of Tamarinds; as, take of the Pulp of Tanmarinds, from two to three ounces; Boyl them in a &s;ufficient quantity of Whey. To two pound of the &s;train'd Liquor, add Juice of Citrons, &s;ix or eight drams. Tincture of Dazy Flowers, three drams; Syrup of the Juice of Citrons, an ounce and a half. Mix and Exhibit for ordinary Drinking.</P>
<P>Whey is an admirable Drink for Feaveri&s;h Per&s;ons, if pu|rify'd by Juice of Citrons, or Pulp of Tamarinds. As, Take of Whey, two pound; fre&s;h Juice of Citrons, three
<PB N="240" REF="121">drams; Flowers of Dazies, and of red Poppies of each a handful and a half. Let 'em boyl in a clo&s;e Ve&s;&s;el, till the Whey be impregnated with the Tincture. Strain the Li|quor, and &s;weeten it with Syrup of Poppies, or of Ras|berries.</P>
<P>Next to the foregoing Medicines is Nitre, which is uni|ver&s;ally approv'd by all Practitioners; the preparation of it with Sulphur, call'd <HI>Sal-Prunellae,</HI> is of no efficacy; but if the Crude Nitre be purified by &s;ome &s;harp Lye, it proves an admirable Remedy. <HI>Nitrum Antimoniatum,</HI> which is a complication of Nitre with the Sulphur of Antimony, may be given to a dram in their ordinary Drink, three or four times a Day, or in Powder together with Antihecticum <HI>Poterii.</HI> Diaphoretic Antimony, Mineral Bezoar, or that call'd <HI>Joviale,</HI> or <HI>Saturninum,</HI> together with Harts-horn prepar'd without fire, and the above mention'd ab&s;orbent Earths, are all proper for mitigating the fermentation, and promoting a gentle breathing Heat. As,</P>
<P>Take of Rasberry Water, two ounces; Water of Vipers|gra&s;s, and fre&s;h Juice of Quinces, of each an ounce; Be|zoardicum Joviale, a &s;cruple; Syrup of white Poppies, an ounce; dulcify'd Spirit of Nitre as much as &s;ufficeth. Take a &s;poonful now and then.</P>
<P>Take of the Water of the Flowers of the Sloe-tree, Water of Elder-Flowers, and Dandelion Water, of each an ounce; Gelly of Harts-horn, an ounce and a half; Harts-horn prepar'd without fire, a &s;cruple; <HI>Poterius</HI>'s <HI>Antihectic,</HI> and Diapho|retic Antimony, of each twelve grains; Syrup of Poppies &s;ix drams. Mix and u&s;e as above.</P>
<P>In a Solid form they are pre&s;crib'd thus. Take of purify'd Nitre, &s;ixteen grains, <HI>Poterius Antihectic</HI> Powder, half a &s;cruple; Sugar of Lead five grains. If a Delirium be fear'd, or Malignity &s;u&s;pected, add a grain or two of Camphyr.</P>
<P>Take of Nitrum Antimoniatum, two &s;cruples; Chaly|beat Diaphoretic Antimony, half a dram; <HI>Laudanum Opi|atum,</HI> a grain or two. Mix for two Do&s;es, to betaken at Night in a convenient Vehicle.</P>
<P>Depurated Nitre or Nitrum Antimoniatum, may be di&s;|&s;olv'd in their ordinary Drink, after the rate of half an ounce in twenty four Hours.</P>
<P>Emul&s;ions are next in order. They are very proper for tempering the Bilious Salt, and qualifying the acrimony of the Blood. But they ought not to be too frequently or co|piou&s;ly
<PB N="241" REF="121">us'd; for that they weaken the Stomac, and clog the Appetit. Let 'em be mix'd with fix'd Powders. Thus,</P>
<P>Take of &s;weet Almonds, two drams; Seeds of white Poppies, a dram; of the four cold Seeds, of each a dram; with Water of Wood-&s;orrel, make an Emul&s;ion: To which add, Diaphoretic Antimony, and Mineral Bezoar, of each half a dram. Sweeten it with pearl'd Sugar, and exhibit a &s;poonful now and then.</P>
<P>So much for Internal Remedies. Externally &s;ome are wont to apply Catapla&s;ms to the Palms of the Hands and &s;oles of the Feet; as in the ca&s;e of Watchings, <HI>Deliriums</HI> Pains <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Take of fre&s;h Rue Leaves, two or three hand|fuls; Radi&s;h Roots &s;lic'd, in number two or three; Salt, a handful; of the &s;tronge&s;t Ye&s;t, two ounces with Rue Vinegar, make a Catapla&s;m to be applied as above.</P>
<P>The Juice of River Crabs may be applied in like manner, or by way of <HI>Epithema</HI> to the fore-head. When the Mouth and Head are much affected, 'tis not improper to open the Vein under the Tongue, or the Vein in the Fore-head, or to apply Leeches behind the Ears. The application of convenient Li|quids to the Fore-head and Temples is al&s;o not improper. As,</P>
<P>Take of the Water of Dill, or of Ro&s;es, or of Elder Flowers, or of Vervain, two ounces; Apoplectic Water, half an ounce; <HI>Philonium Romanum,</HI> or <HI>Requi<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">s Nicolai,</HI> or Triacle, a dram. Mix and apply it warm to the Fore-head and Temples, with a Linnen Cloath.</P>
<P>Take of white Poppy Seeds, two or three drams; Hen|bane Seeds, half a dram; Water of Frogs &s;pawn, three oun|ces; Hou&s;e-leek Water, Night-&s;hade Water, and the common Hypnotic Water, of each an ounce. Make an Emul&s;ion. To which add &s;ix or &s;even grains of Camphyr; and the Juice of River Crabs. Mix for an Epitheme to be us'd as above. In <HI>Deliriums,</HI> Camphyr is a &s;overeign Reme|dy, but in the ca&s;e of watchful Slumbers it ought to be cautiou&s;ly us'd.</P>
<P>Take of Betony Water, Elder Flower Water, and the Water of red Poppy Flowers, of each an ounce expre&s;s'd Juice of River Crabs, three ounces; Spirit of Wine cam|phoris'd, three drams. Mix for the above mentioned u&s;e.</P>
<P>Take of the Oyntment of Alaba&s;ter, or of Poplar, three drams; expre&s;s'd Oyl of Nutmegs, half a dram or a dram; Camphyr, &s;ix grains; or <HI>Philonium Romanum,</HI> or Venice Triacle, half a dram. Mix, and anoint the Fore-head and Temples.</P>
<PB N="242" REF="122">
<P>If the Head be much oppre&s;s'd, or if the fore-mention'd Symptoms be occa&s;ion'd by the &s;topping of an external Erup|tion, bli&s;tering Plai&s;ters may be applied to the Arms and Thighs, and &s;harp Cly&s;ters injected.</P>
<P>As for the particular Symptoms of a <HI>Prunella, viz.</HI> the red|ne&s;s, heat, and roughne&s;s of the Tongue, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Let the Pa|tien<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="MURP" EXTENT="1 letter"> take a convenient Quantity of the following mixture, and hold it in the Mouth.</P>
<P>Take of the Seeds of Quinces, of Mallows, of Fleawort, of each two drams; with Water of Frogs &s;pawn, Make a Mucilage, to which add <HI>Sal-armoniac,</HI> a dram; compound Hou&s;e-leek Water, two ounces; Juice of River Crabs, an ounce; mix, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Nitre may al&s;o be added, or mix'd with the Decoctions of cooling Herbs. As,</P>
<P>Take of the Leaves of Self-heal, Willows, and Straw|berries, Barley not bruis'd, of each a handful. Boyl them in Water, and add to a pound of the &s;train'd Liquor one ounce of the Syrup of Mulberries, and half a dram of <HI>Nitrum Antimoniatum.</HI> Mix for a Gargle. Or,</P>
<P>Take &s;ix River Crabs, brui&s;e 'em with Rasberry Vine|gar, and expre&s;s the Juice; to which add Juice of Hou&s;e|leek, three ounces; Rob of Nuts, one ounce; <HI>Nitrum An|timoniatum,</HI> a dram. Mix and anoint the Tongue. Or,</P>
<P>Take of Hou&s;e-leek Water, a pound and a half; Juice of River Crabs four ounces; <HI>Sal-Armoniac</HI> purify'd, a dram and a half. Mix, and make a warm Gargle. <HI>Sal-Armoniac</HI> and Nitre are noted Ingredients in all Gargles of this Nature. Water, Spirit of Wine, and Hony, are very u&s;eful for the &s;ame purpo&s;e, in malignant Feavers, attended by a roughne&s;s and Dryne&s;s of the Palat, without any &s;limy Cru&s;t. Fre&s;h Lard, or Butter, or Juice of Rapes boyl'd to a Syrup, are likewi&s;e very proper to be laid on the Tongue in &s;uch an extremity.</P>
<P>In continual periodical Feavers, regard mu&s;t be had to the Paroxy&s;ms, by exhibiting before the hour of their Inva&s;ion fix'd Antimonial Powders, Coral, Crabs Eyes, Vitriolated Nitre, Salt of <HI>Carduus Benedictus, Poterius</HI>'s <HI>Antihectic,</HI> and forming Compo&s;itions of the Acid and Earthy Ingredients, and varying them according as the Symtoms require.</P>
<P>Semitertian Feavers ought to be treated in the &s;ame Me|thod; only we mu&s;t remember to vary it according as the Symptoms are &s;low or acute, favourable or malign. If they are attended by Inflammations of particular parts, e&s;pecial|ly &s;uch as are very &s;en&s;ible, and of the nobler Character, let
<PB N="243" REF="122">the&s;e be carefully accounted for. Ab&s;orbent <HI>Alcali</HI>'s are pro|per for vanqui&s;hing the Shivering and Shaking; Vomits are convenient in all Ca&s;es; prevailing heat is abated by &s;uch Me|dicines as render the Body &s;oluble, and promote a breathing Sweat; Inflammatious are appeas'd by Diaphoretics: And when the Feaver moves &s;lowly, clean&s;ing and attenuating Salts, &s;uch as <HI>Sal-armoniac, Arcanum Duplicatum,</HI> &amp;c. are of pe|culiar u&s;e.</P>
<P>In a Cau&s;us, or burning Feaver, Nitre di&s;&s;olv'd in the ordi|nary Drink, and <HI>Laudanum Opiatum</HI> cautiou&s;ly admini&s;tred, effectually abate the violence of Heat.</P>
<P><HI>Lipyria</HI>'s mu&s;t be treated after the method of Inflamma|tions, of which el&s;ewhere. In melting Feavers, the &s;harp humor mu&s;t be corrected by temperat Medicines, or ab&s;or|bent Powders mix'd with Acids, as Diaphoretic Antimony, &s;eal'd Earth, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Mix'd with the Juices of Currans, Bar|berries, Quinces, Citrons, Cherries, <HI>&amp;c. Sylvius</HI> recom|mends the dulcify'd Spirit of Salt, others the Tincture of Blood-&s;tone; &s;ome Camphyr, others Dia&s;cordium mix'd with Juice of Citrons.</P>
<P>Symptomatical acute Feavers, are &s;uch as follow other Di&s;ea&s;es, and di&s;appear upon their removal. If they follow Wounds, the following mixture is of Catholic u&s;e.</P>
<P>Take of Hy&s;&s;op Water, two ounces Fennel Water, an ounce; Spirit of Triacle, three drams; di&s;till'd Vinegar of Wine, three or four drams; Powder of Crabs Eyes, a dram; Syrup of <HI>Carduus Benedictus,</HI> three drams: Mix them, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Or,</P>
<P>Take of prepar'd Crabs Eyes, a &s;cruple; Extract of Tria|cle two grains. Mix and exhibit.</P>
<P>Tho&s;e occa&s;ion'd by Inflammations, as Pleuri&s;ies Quin|&s;ies, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> are cur'd by removing the Inflammations, of which more el&s;ewhere. If they are caus'd by the Extrava|&s;ation of congeal'd Blood, they require &s;uch Medicines as re&s;olve clotted Blood, <HI>viz.</HI> Diaphoretic Antimony, red Poppies, Chervil, Flowers of St. <HI>John</HI>'s wort, and vulne|rary Ingredients.</P>
</DIV5>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 N="4" TYPE="chapter">
<PB N="244" REF="123">
<HEAD>CHAP. IV. <HI>Of Slow Feavers.</HI></HEAD>
<P>SLow Feavers are &s;uch as do not quickly fini&s;h their Cour&s;e; are accompany'd by mild Symptoms; and terminat by way of a gradual &s;olution, without any notable Cri&s;is. They are for mo&s;t part Benign; for malignity is akin to accutene&s;s. They are caus'd by the &s;ucce&s;&s;ive mixture of Vicious Lymph with the Blood, which is either convey'd immediatly to it by the axillary Vein fromt he Glandules call'd <HI>Conglobatae,</HI> that is, gather'd round into a Globe; or empty'd into the Conduit of the Brea&s;t by the Glandules call'd <HI>Conglomeratae,</HI> that is, roll'd into a Heap.</P>
<DIV5 N="1" TYPE="article">
<HEAD>ART. 1. <HI>Of Catarrh-Feavers, or &s;uch as proceed from the Lymph, &s;eparated in the round Globe-like Glandules.</HI></HEAD>
<P>IF the Lymph of the Glandules, &s;eated about the Head and Brea&s;t, become &s;harp and &s;aline, it creates a notable alte|ration of the Blood and Spirits, a biting &s;harp Heat, tho' not over vehement or inten&s;e, and a &s;en&s;e of &s;hooting Pains, Wea|rine&s;s, and as it were Contu&s;ions of the Joynts; and being plentifully ca&s;t forth about the Brain and Neck occa&s;ions a weighty drou&s;ie Head-ach, Defluxions into the Mouth and Lungs, a Hoar&s;ene&s;s, and Cough; the u&s;ual Symptoms of a Feaveri&s;h Catarrh.</P>
<P>This Feaver &s;eems to be near ally'd to the continual Quo|tidian Periodical Feavers of the Antients. In the Evening, when the Quantity of vicious Lymph is augmented within the Body by the diminution of the in&s;en&s;ible tran&s;piration, the Symptoms, e&s;pecially the Heat, are heighten'd. About Midnight they begin to relent, and in the Day-time are
<PB N="245" REF="123">&s;ometimes follow'd by a gentle Shivering. The Pul&s;e is frequent and &s;wift, pretty large and vehement. The Urine is at fir&s;t high Colour'd, but after two or three Days it thickens, becomes muddy and yellowi&s;h, and depo&s;ius a co|pious Sediment.</P>
<P>If this Feaver be Epidemical or Malignant, and proceed from the Contagion of the Air, which &s;eldom happens, 'tis dangerous, and terminats in mortal Convul&s;ions.</P>
<P>The Indications of Cure divide them&s;elves into three Branches. 1. To extingui&s;h the irritation of the &s;olid Parts, which provokes the Spirits, and occa&s;ions the effu&s;ion of the Lymph. 2. To qualifie the peccant Acrimony of the Lymph. 3. When 'tis thus qualify'd to evacuat it by convenient Pa&s;&s;ages. The fir&s;t is accounted for by Opiats; the &s;econd by Volatil <HI>Alcalin</HI> Salts, ab&s;orbent temperat and thickening Medicins, as the fix'd preparations of Antimony, <HI>Poterius</HI>'s Antihectic, Flowers of Sulphur, prepar'd Amber, Oyl of Amber, Spirit of Mother of Thyme, Decoction of Sa&s;&s;afras, Myrrh, Camphyr, volatil Salt of Harts-horn, Spirit and volatil Salt of Human Blood, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> The third De|&s;ign is compa&s;s'd by diaphoretic, diuretic, and expectora|ting and, when the Lymph is well concocted, by &s;neezing and chewing Medicins.</P>
<P>Take of Fennel-Water, and Water of red Poppy-flowers, of each an Ounce and a half; Spirit of Harts-horn im|pregnated with Amber, a Dram and a half; E&s;&s;ence of <HI>O|pium,</HI> Jaw-bone of a Pike, of each half a Dram; Syrup of the Flowers of red Poppies, half an Ounce, or &s;ix Drams. Mix them for a Julep, of which, exhibit a &s;poonful every Hour towards Evening.</P>
<P>Take of the Spirit of <HI>Sal-Armoniac</HI> anni&s;ated, or of the E&s;&s;ence of Amber, two Drams; E&s;&s;ence of <HI>Opium,</HI> half a Dram. Mix 'em, and exhibit forty or fifty drops, &s;ome Hours before the periodical exa&s;peration, and reiterate the &s;ame Do&s;e at Night.</P>
<P>Take of prepar'd Amber, half a Scruple; choice Myrrh, five grains volatil Salt of Amber, four grains; Extract of Saffron, two grains; <HI>Laudanum Opiatum,</HI> one grain; di|&s;till'd Oyl of Amber, one drop. Mix for a Powder to be exhibited in like manner.</P>
<P>If the Lymph be &s;alti&s;h, Liquorice, Figgs, Jujubes, Barly, emul&s;ions of Poppy-Seeds, Opiats, Pills of Storax, and &s;uch like are proper. If hoar&s;ne&s;s and a difficulty of &s;peech pre|vail, give what follows.</P>
<PB N="246" REF="124">
<P>Take of Mint-Water, two Ounces; Cinnamon-water, half an Ounce Spirit of <HI>Sal-Armoniac</HI> ani&s;ated, a Dram; <HI>Lau|danum Opiatum,</HI> three grains; Syrup of Rai&s;ins, &s;ix Drams. Mix, and give a &s;poonful now and then.</P>
<P>If the Wind-pipe, Gullet, and Throat be excoriated, Sy|rup of Diacodium, Loh of Rai&s;ins, and licking Medecins are proper. If a dry Cough mole&s;t the Patient, let thick|ning and pacific Remedies be us'd. As,</P>
<P>Take of the Water of wild Thyme, Water of <HI>Carduus Benedictus,</HI> of each an Ounce; Spirit of Treacle campho|ris'd, E&s;&s;ence of Sa&s;&s;afras, of each two Drams; Spirit of Harts-horn &s;uccinated, a Dram; Syrup of white Poppies, half an Ounce. Mix them, and admini&s;ter a &s;poonful fre|quently in the Evening.</P>
<P>This method, if in&s;i&s;ted on, together with the continued u&s;e of the Decoction of Sa&s;&s;afras, will in time conquer the Feaver. After the Feaver is abated, and the Spirits reduc'd to order, let the Body be loo&s;en'd by <HI>Queretanus</HI>'s Pills of Ammoniac, or <HI>Crato</HI>'s Pills of Amber. Or,</P>
<P>Take of <HI>Crato</HI>'s Pills of Amber, a &s;cruple; volatil Salt of Amber, &s;ix grains; Ro&s;in of Jalap, three grains; extract of <HI>Troches Alhandal,</HI> one grain; di&s;till'd Oyl of Amber, two drops: with E&s;&s;ence of Sa&s;&s;afras, make Pills.</P>
<P>In order to evacuate the prepar'd Lymph, give forty or fifty drops of the Liquor of <HI>Terra Foliata Tartari,</HI> twice a day, which is a proper Diuretic; or expre&s;s'd Juice of Ra|di&s;hes with Sugar, which attenuats the Phlegm; or the fol|lowing expectorating mixture.</P>
<P>Take of Hy&s;&s;op-water, two Ounces, A&s;thmatic-water, half an Ounce; Spirit of purifi'd Gum Ammoniac, two Drams; Syrup of Tobacco, four or &s;ix Drams; <HI>Sala</HI>'s e|metic Syrup, a dram. Mix, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P>In the beginning while the Cough is yet dry, temperat thickening Medicins are requir'd, but afterwards when the Cough brings up large quantities of vi&s;cous Matter, let cut|ting expectorating Remedies be us'd. If the Phlegm be no|tably tough and thick, let Oyl of Amber be appli'd to the No&s;trils, or let the Per&s;on &s;mell frequently of Spirit of <HI>Sal-Armoniac,</HI> or that of Urine, or of Harts-horn. In the la&s;t extremity, let the Powder of black Helebor and white Sugar, with di&s;till'd Oyl of Cloves, be thrown into the No&s;trils.</P>
<P>If the pain of the Head be violent, anoint the Crown with Oyl of Amber, or Bal&s;am of <HI>Peru,</HI> or apply the Plai&s;ter of Bettony &s;often'd with Oyl of Amber. After the Di&s;ea&s;e is
<PB N="247" REF="124">in good mea&s;ure &s;ubdu'd, the following Decoction is of ex|cellent u&s;e for purifying the Blood, correcting the &s;harpne&s;s of the Lymph, fortifying the Lungs, and preventing a Phthi|&s;ic.</P>
<P>Take of the &s;havings of red Saunders, one Ounce; &s;ha|vings of Sa&s;&s;afras, half an Ounce; &s;teep them in &s;even pound of Water, for the &s;pace of twelve Hours, then boil them till a pound and a half be con&s;um'd, and add of the Leaves of Ground Ivy, Leaves of Speed-well, Flowers of St. <HI>John</HI>'s Wort, of each two handfuls; Liquorice Roots half an Ounce; Fennel-Seeds, &s;ix drams; bruis'd Currans, three Ounces. Boil the Liquor into four Pounds, &s;train it, and ex|hibit a large draught warm Morning and Evening.</P>
</DIV5>
<DIV5 N="2" TYPE="article">
<HEAD>ART. 2. <HI>Of Feavers proceeding from the Lymph of Con|glomerat Glandules, or &s;uch as are roll'd into a heap.</HI></HEAD>
<P>THE conglomerat Glandules depo&s;it their juice into ca|vities, from whence 'tis convey'd to the Blood. The chief of 'em are the Sweet-bread, and tho&s;e behind the Ears. The former waters the Guts, the latter the Mouth. If their Serum be vi&s;cous, or over &s;aline, it occa&s;ions a &s;low &s;ort of a Feaver. All &s;low Feavers are periodical, as being exa&s;perated either in the Evening, after the method of <HI>Quo|tidians,</HI> or after eating, in the form of <HI>Hectic</HI> Feavers.</P>
<P>Tho&s;e which are independent of any other Di&s;ea&s;e, are call'd <HI>Primary.</HI> And tho&s;e which follow the Corruption of any inward part, or the mi&s;management of a preceding Di&s;ea&s;e, are &s;til'd <HI>Symptomatical.</HI> Tho' the la&s;t approach very near to the primary form.</P>
<DIV6 TYPE="part">
<HEAD>Of independent &s;low Feavers.</HEAD>
<P>They are u&s;her'd in by a gentle &s;hivering, which conti|nues for &s;ome time, and is follow'd by a mild Heat, &s;ome|what &s;harper in the extream parts. The Appetit is dejected, and after eating, the Stomach and Guts are di&s;tended, and oppre&s;t with a heavy pain. Towards the Evening,
<PB N="248" REF="125">or after Meals, they increa&s;e their force; at which time the Pul&s;e is frequent, and not very large. If the Spittle be no|tably vi&s;cous, the Mouth and Throat are cover'd with &s;lime, and the Per&s;on mole&s;ted with Thir&s;t. If the Juice of the Sweet-bread be likewi&s;e over vi&s;cid or &s;aline, anxie|ty invades the Brea&s;t and griping &s;hooting pains be&s;et the Belly; the Pul&s;e is frequent and &s;wift, and in &s;ome mea|&s;ure weak and &s;mall. The Urine, at fir&s;t, is high colour'd, afterwards it becomes muddy, and drops a &s;ediment. The Joints are &s;eiz'd with a wearine&s;s and &s;hooting pains, and &s;ometimes the Head with a dull heavy ache.</P>
<P>If the Lymph be &s;imply &s;aline, the &s;ymptoms are fiercer; if it be likewi&s;e vi&s;cid and tough, they are weaker, but con|tinue longer. The &s;low Feavers differ from acute ones in this; that the cau&s;e of the latter is a volatil &s;harp Acid, which in the former, is invelop'd with a vi&s;cous tenacious Ve|hicle.</P>
<P>The Original cau&s;e is a vicious Dige&s;tion, rendring the Chyle vi&s;cid, or tending to a &s;ort of acid &s;aline ta&s;te. If the Evening Paroxy&s;ms are long, the Strength and Appetit much impair'd, 'tis a dangerous circum&s;tance. The mo&s;t favou|rable &s;ort, if not cautiou&s;ly taken care of, terminates in <HI>Ca|chexies,</HI> or <HI>Hectic</HI> Feavers.</P>
<P>The&s;e Feavers are cur'd by retrieving the lo&s;t Dige&s;ti|on in the Stomac; correcting the vi&s;cidity, or &s;harpne&s;s of the Lymph, e&s;pecially the <HI>&s;aliva</HI> and <HI>pancreatic</HI> juice evacu|ating the crude Phlegm, and Lymph thus prepar'd; and mitigating the Symptoms.</P>
<P>If the Brea&s;t be oppre&s;s'd, let a gentle Vomit be exhibited, or a mild purgative. As,</P>
<P>Take <HI>Myn&s;icht</HI>'s emetic Tartar, two or three grains; puri|fi'd <HI>Sal-Armoniac,</HI> eight grains. Or,</P>
<P>Take of <HI>Ruffius</HI>'s Pills <HI>de tribus,</HI> fifteen grains; fulmina|tory Gold, three grains; prepar'd Scammony, <HI>Treches Al|handal,</HI> of each a grain. With compound Tincture of <HI>Tar|tar,</HI> make Pills.</P>
<P>In the next place, attenuating Diuretic Remedies are pro|per, as dulcifi'd Spirit of Salt, (of excellent u&s;e again&s;t a <HI>Hectic</HI>) dulcifi'd Spirit of Nitre, e&s;&s;ential Salt of <HI>Tartar, Sal-Armoniac, Nitrum Antimoniatum, Tartar</HI> vitriolated, <HI>Ter|ra foliata Tartari,</HI> or its Liquor, Tincture of <HI>Tartar,</HI> E&s;|&s;ence of Myrrh tartaris'd, carminative Spirit, Spirit of <HI>Sal-Armoniac</HI> ani&s;ated, <HI>Poterius</HI>'s Antihectic, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<PB N="249" REF="125">
<P>Take of purifi'd <HI>Sal-Armoniac,</HI> half a dram; <HI>Poterius</HI>'s An|tihectic, a &s;cruple; make a Powder for two Do&s;es, one in the Morning, and the other at Night before the Fit. <HI>Nitrum Anti|moniatum</HI> mix'd with an equal quantity of <HI>Sal-Armoniac;</HI> or <HI>Arcanum duplicatum</HI> mix'd with diaphoretic Antimony; or <HI>Sal-Armoniac</HI> mix'd with Galangal and Ginger, are &s;ucce&s;s|fully us'd after the &s;ame method.</P>
<P>Take of Mint-Water, and Fennel-Water, of each an ounce and a half; Spirit of Treacle, two or three Drams; dulci|fi'd Spirit of Salt, half a dram, or a whole dram&punc; <HI>Poterius</HI>'s Antihectic, a &s;cruple; Syrup of Hy&s;&s;op, &s;ix or eight drams. Mix for two Do&s;es.</P>
<P>Let the Mouth be gargaris'd with &s;mall Beer and Hony of Ro&s;es; or with Water, Vinegar, and purifi'd Nitre or the infu&s;ion of Holyhoc-flowers, in Water, with a little Spi|rit of Salt, and a convenient Syrup.</P>
<P>The Feaver call'd <HI>Epiala,</HI> in which the inward parts are oppre&s;s'd with heat, while the external are cold, is, by &s;ome, referr'd to this Head. But 'tis only a combination, or ren|counter of either a <HI>Continual</HI> and <HI>Intermitting,</HI> or two <HI>In|termitting</HI> Feavers.</P>
<P>The Swoonings that &s;ometimes attend both this and other &s;orts of Feavers, are caus'd either by &s;ome vi&s;cious &s;lime, irritating the Mouth of the Stomac or &s;ome &s;harp ru&s;ty Hu|mour lodg'd in it. In the la&s;t ca&s;e, Unicorn's Horn, or the Decoction of Tamarinds in Water, are much approv'd. But if a vi&s;cid windy Matter ari&s;e to them, volatil &s;piritous Reme|dies are proper. Tho', after all, 'tis worthy our con&s;idera|tion, what <HI>Ballonius</HI> remarks upon this matter; <HI>viz.</HI> That many Phy&s;icians are faulty in giving &s;trong Cordials again&s;t &s;wooning, where purging were more proper.</P>
</DIV6>
<DIV6 TYPE="part">
<HEAD>Of Symptomatical &s;low Feavers.</HEAD>
<P>The&s;e Feavers are frequently occa&s;ion'd by a prepo&s;terous u&s;e of Ab&s;orbents in <HI>Intermitting</HI> and <HI>Continual</HI> Feavers, which fix the heterogeneous Particles, and render the Chyle and Lymph vi&s;cid; or by over-feeding in the declina|tion of other Feavers while the dige&s;tive faculty is weak; by which means the Chyle is loaded with Crudities. They may likewi&s;e follow other Di&s;ea&s;es proceeding from a vi&s;|cous Acid. Their Symptoms are the &s;ame as above, to which we may add, that &s;ometimes they are accompanied by a loo&s;ene&s;s, or voiding of liquid pituitous Matter.</P>
<PB N="250" REF="126">
<P>The Cure con&s;i&s;ts in tempering the &s;alti&s;h Acid, attenua|ting the vi&s;cid Matter, and procuring to it an egre&s;s by vo|miting, &s;tool, urine or &s;weat. They &s;ometimes proceed from Ulcers, e&s;pecially of the internal parts: retention of the After-birth, a dead Child in the Womb, chronical Pains; and are cur'd by removing the re&s;pective Cau&s;e by Me|decins alotted to that purpo&s;e. In general, gentle Vomits and Purges are proper; and in a word the whole &s;eries of Medicins pre&s;crib'd for the independent <HI>Slow</HI> Feavers.</P>
<P>Sometimes &s;uch Feavers follow an un&s;ea&s;onable u&s;e of &s;u|dorific Decoctions again&s;t the Pox, before the Body be eva|cuated; and are cur'd by vomiting, and the repeated u&s;e of <HI>Sal-Armoniac.</HI></P>
</DIV6>
<DIV6 TYPE="part">
<HEAD>Of Hectic Feavers.</HEAD>
<P>A <HI>Hectic</HI> is a <HI>Slow</HI> Feaver advancing in&s;en&s;ibly. If it be a principal independent Di&s;ea&s;e it proceeds from the Cor|ruption of undige&s;ted Food in the Stomac, immoderate fa|tigue, &s;orrow, watchings, want, over-liberal evacuations, ex|ce&s;&s;ive Bathings, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Oft-times 'tis only a &s;ymptom of other Di&s;ea&s;es, and follows the irregular Cure of <HI>Continual</HI> and <HI>Intermitting</HI> Feavers, Inflamations of the Bowels, Lungs, Me&s;entery, Womb, and Kidneys; the <HI>French-Pox, &amp;c.</HI></P>
<P>The Part affected is not the habit of the Body, as the Ancients fancy'd; but the ma&s;s of Blood, and Lymph: Hence the greate&s;t heat is perceiv'd about the Arteries. As for the independent Principal &s;ort of <HI>Hectics,</HI> the Stomac and dige&s;tive Faculty are the original &s;eat of their cau&s;e.</P>
<P>The immediat cau&s;e is the indi&s;po&s;ition and unequal texture of the Blood, caus'd by the &s;alti&s;h &s;harpne&s;s of the Lymph in the conglobat Glandules, and the vi&s;co&s;ity of that in the Conglomerat. From whence in&s;ue a deprav'd and dimi|ni&s;h'd fermentation, weakne&s;s, wearine&s;s, deficiency of Spi|rits, and the whole train of <HI>Hectic</HI> Symptoms. The &s;alin and vi&s;cid Blood is render'd unfit for nouri&s;hing the parts; and after eating, when the thin readier part of the fre&s;h Chyle dilutes the Blood, and di&s;engages its Salts, the Pul&s;e is a little enlarg'd, and the Heat augmented; and after &s;ome time, &s;ink again to their ordinary pitch. And the coar&s;e re|mains of the Chyle, are frequently voided by Night-Sweats, as having receiv'd a vicious Tincture in the Stomac from the <HI>Saliva,</HI> and being, upon that Account, equally di&s;agreeable to the Blood and &s;olid parts.</P>
<PB N="251" REF="126">
<P>As for the Remote Cau&s;es. Fatigue and Labour, Wat|chings and Care exhau&s;t the Spirits, and watery Vehicle of the Blood; Anger exalts the Bilious Salt, which joyning with the Acid, acquires a &s;aline Acrimony; Grief and Sorrow increa&s;e the Acid, which joyning to the urinous Salt, becomes dull and unactive; indige&s;ted Crudities in the Stomac, or the want of Food, occa&s;ion a &s;tricter union between the Acid and urinous Salts, and their mutual degeneracy into a third &s;harp &s;aline Body; Ulcers, both internal and external, cor|rupt the Blood by vertue of their &s;alin &s;harp Matter; conti|nual and intermitting Feavers, attended by plentiful Sweats exhau&s;t the dewy watry part of the Blood; or the un&s;ea&s;onable u&s;e of ab&s;orbent earthy Powders, admini&s;tred for their Cure, de&s;troys the Ferment of the Stomac, and in|crea&s;es the Acrimony of the Blood. Thus they all con&s;pire to render the Blood and Lymph &s;alti&s;h or vi&s;cous.</P>
<P>There are three E&s;&s;ential Signs of a Hectic Feaver. 1. An ob&s;cure in&s;en&s;ible Heat, increa&s;ing after eating. 2. The &s;ucce&s;&s;ive Con&s;umption of the Body. 3. A &s;wift, frequent, &s;mall, weak, and oft-times a hard Pul&s;e. To which we may add in &s;ome ca&s;es Night-Sweats, the falling off of the Hairs, an univer&s;al Wearine&s;s, inward Heat, and aver&s;ene&s;s to &s;leep in the morning. If A&s;hy belchings precede the ap|pearance of the&s;e Symptoms, they &s;erve for a confirmation. In the beginning of the Di&s;ea&s;e the Urine re&s;embles that of healthy Per&s;ons, unle&s;s the Stomac be much deprav'd, in which ca&s;e 'tis white, pale, and thick; afterwards when the Appetit and Dige&s;tion are in a manner quite aboli&s;h'd it becomes thin, tran&s;parent and high Colour'd; and when 'tis form'd into a perfect Con&s;umption, a fat oily Cru&s;t, re&s;em|bling Cobwebs, &s;wims on the Top. But we ought carefully to di&s;tingui&s;h between the real fat Cru&s;t, which is u&s;ual in continual and intermitting Feavers, and proceeds from the exce&s;&s;ive Heat which melts the internal Fat, and is always uniform as to its Colour and Appearance; and the appa|rent Cru&s;t, familiar to Hypocondriac and Scorbutic Per&s;ons, which is nothing el&s;e but the concretion of vicious Salts, and when the Chamber-pot is a little inclin'd, appears green, or parti-color'd like a Peacock's Tail. In the beginning of a Hectic the Belly is co&s;tive; but when 'tis further advanc'd, and the Stomac and Dige&s;tive faculty quite gone, they are mole&s;ted with a Loo&s;ene&s;s, which, together with melting Sweats, off-fallings of Hair, and univer&s;al Con|&s;umption of Body, at length fini&s;hes their Days.</P>
<PB N="252" REF="127">
<P>A Perfect Hectic Feaver may be con&s;ider'd in its &s;everal degrees. 1. When the Nutritious Juice is di&s;pers'd, and mi&s;-apply'd. 2. When not only the &s;imple Nutritious Juice, but the fat, and what was already appropriated to particular &s;olid parts, is melted down and con&s;um'd. 3. When be|&s;ides the&s;e Symptoms the Fibres of the &s;olid parts are mani|fe&s;tly dry and wither'd.</P>
<P>The la&s;t degree is incurable. If a Hectic be occa&s;ion'd by di&s;orders of the Bowels, or internal Ulcers; if it follow continual or intermitting Feavers or chronical Di&s;tempers; if the Hairs fall off, and the Per&s;on be old, or mole&s;ted with a Loo&s;ene&s;s, or <HI>Lienteria,</HI> attended by a gha&s;tly Countenance, and &s;wellings of the Feet and Legs; they are all fatal Symp|toms, e&s;pecially the la&s;t three.</P>
<P>If it be a principal independent uncompounded Hectic, the direct Indications of Cure are, to temper the Acrimony of the Blood, and Acid Vi&s;co&s;ity of the Lymph; and to cor|roborat the Stomac For which purpo&s;es ob&s;erve. 1. That Bleeding, Purging, or any Evacuations are improper; unle&s;s the fir&s;t Pa&s;&s;ages be &s;tull'd with Crudities, for which a gen|tle Laxative is allowable, but in a &s;mall Do&s;e; by rea&s;on that Hectic Per&s;ons are very ea&s;ily Purg'd. 2. If it ari&s;e from the Stomac, as it frequently do's, Vomits, and the u&s;e of <HI>Elixir Proprietatis</HI> are very effectual. 3. That by all means Loo&s;ene&s;&s;es and exce&s;&s;ive Sweats mu&s;t be curb'd; the former by Quinces, red Ro&s;es, Chalybeat Milk, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> The latter by Opiats given at Night in &s;mall Do&s;es. 4. That all &s;weet things, Sugar, Hony, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> ought to be cautiou&s;ly avoided, by rea&s;on that they are offen&s;ive to the Stomac, and impart a vi&s;cidity to the humors of the Body.</P>
<P>If the Feaver be Simptomatical, a particular regard mu&s;t be had to the principal Di&s;ea&s;e, and above all to the Stomac. If it follow a continual or intermitting Feaver, a Vomit, if convenient, may be admini&s;tred, and after that there's no|thing better than <HI>Sal-Armoniac,</HI> and <HI>Poterius</HI>'s Antihectic.</P>
<P>If it follow an Ulcer of any internal Part, vulnerary Sul|phureous Medicines are proper, e&s;pecially the Bal&s;am of Sulphur prepar'd with expre&s;s'd Oyl of Almonds (di&s;till'd Oyls are too &s;harp) or, this Bal&s;am thus prepar'd may be mix'd with a little Oyl of Ani&s;eeds. Turpentin di&s;&s;olv'd in the <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">olk of an Egg, or human Fat, or the Decoctions of vul|nerary or pectoral Herbs, are likewi&s;e proper.</P>
<P>After the principal Di&s;ea&s;es, and the &s;tate of the Stomac are taken care of, the Hectic Feaver it &s;elf mu&s;t be accoun|ted
<PB N="253" REF="127">for, by exhibiting temperat attenuating Medicines. The e&s;&s;ential Salt of May-dew, or its Spirit, with the Flowers of Violets, Borrage, and Buglo&s;s infus'd in it; the Phlegm of Vitriol that comes over before the Spirit, if it be rectify'd, the Juice or Dew which &s;ticks to the Herb call'd Ro&s;a&s;olis; the Juicy fat Herbs, Fruits, and Seeds, &s;uch as, Hou&s;e-leek, Plantan, Succory, Mar&s;hmallows, Lettuce, Pur&s;lain, Bor|rage, Buglo&s;s, Fi&s;tic Nuts, &s;weet Almonds, Sebe&s;tins, the four cold Seeds, white Poppy Seeds, and e&s;pecially Currans or Rai&s;ins whether by way of Pulp, or Decoction with Sa&s;&s;afras, China and Elecampane Roots; or Fermentation with Wine, or Preparation with Juice of Apples; are all noted Spe|cifics for this purpo&s;e. Crabs Eyes and Pearls are &s;overeign Antihectics, if we could re&s;olve 'em into their primitive milky Liquor from whence they &s;prung. <HI>Terra foliata Tartari,</HI> and its Liquor well prepar'd, is likewi&s;e of good u&s;e. <HI>An|tihecticum Poterii</HI> is a noble Medicine, if it be very well &s;e|parated from the Sulphur of the Tin. As thus,</P>
<P>Take five parts of purify'd Tin, and four parts of the Re|gulus of Antimony. Melt and fix them with triple the Quantity of Nitre. While the mixture &s;tands melted, &s;tir it with a wooden Spatula, that by &s;o doing the Sulphur of the Tin may evaporat. Afterwards di&s;&s;olve the mixture, and re&s;erve for u&s;e the white Powder that &s;inks to the Bottom.</P>
<P>Diaphoretic Antimony, mineral Bezoar, Ivory, Coral, mix'd <HI>Sal-Armoniac,</HI> or <HI>Arcanum Duplicatum,</HI> or with <HI>Myn|&s;icht's</HI> Magi&s;tery of Lead, or Sugar of Lead, are very conveni|ent, where the Heat is more inten&s;e. Some give thirty drops of the Antiphthifical Tincture prepar'd from Sugar of Lead, and Vitriol of Steel. Allum, or its Spirit, mix'd with Spirit of Wine, is much applauded. Spirit and Oyl of human Blood are recommended by Mr. <HI>Boyle.</HI> If Grief or any pa&s;&s;ion of the Mind threaten a Hectic, give twice a Day forty drops of the Tincture of Coral with Spirit of Stags-heart.</P>
<P>Some receive great Benefit by a Milk Diet of Womens, A&s;&s;es, Goats, and Cows Milk. But it ought to be com|mencd before the &s;trength is very much impair'd, or the Dige|&s;tion lo&s;t. In a word, 'twill be proper to mind the&s;e Cautions. 1. That the Hectic be not attended by a putrid Feaver, or a Head-ach, or di&s;tention of the Hypochondria, or a foul Sto|mac, and weak Dige&s;tion. 2. That while Per&s;ons u&s;e Milk they Eat or Drink little el&s;e. 3. That all Acids be avoided, and a little Sugar added to the Milk, to prevent its Curd|ling.
<PB N="254" REF="128">4. That the Milk be taken warm, and with a fa&s;ting Stomac, either by &s;ucking it from the Brea&s;ts, or drinking it when ju&s;t milk'd, for fear of any Alteration from the Air. 5. That the Phy&s;ician ought to try fir&s;t if the Milk Diet agree with the Patient's Con&s;titution; as after a gentle Purgation let him exhibit three or four ounces of Milk, and if there in&s;ue no &s;en&s;e of weight about the Stomac, Hiccough, Squea|mi&s;hne&s;s, increa&s;e of Heat, or acceleration of the Pul&s;e, he may exhibit a Pint every Morning and Evening. And after drinking of it, the Patient mu&s;t not &s;leep or u&s;e violent Motion</P>
<P>The Food of <HI>Hectic</HI> Per&s;ons mu&s;t be temperat and juicy; as Broth, decoctions of Rice or Barley, Pullets, Capons, Hens, Ducks fed with Frogs and Cocles, Snails fed with Sugar and Meal, and boil'd in Hen-broth; juice of River-Crabs made up with Butter, or mixt with the Oil or De|coction of &s;weet Almonds; Oy&s;ters, if the Stomach be able to dige&s;t 'em, and the Appetit covet 'em; Eels, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> But under a Milk Diet, let the Patient ab&s;tain from Meat.</P>
</DIV6>
</DIV5>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 N="5" TYPE="chapter">
<HEAD>CHAP. V. <HI>Of Malignant Feavers.</HI></HEAD>
<P>A Feaver is call'd <HI>Malignant,</HI> when 'tis attended by more di&s;mal Symptoms, than its vi&s;ible Cau&s;e is wont to pro|duce. Malignity is not in&s;eparably united to Contagion, there being &s;ome contagious Di&s;ea&s;es that are not malignant, as the <HI>Itch,</HI> &amp;c. and <HI>e contra.</HI> Oft-times it lies latent in the Body for three or four days, 'till the Sea&s;on of exhibiting Antidotes be over; upon which account, a Phy&s;ician ought to be very watchful in the Beginnings of Feavers.</P>
<P>The Symptoms which lead us to the di&s;covery of a latent Malignity, are the&s;e following; a &s;udden pro&s;tration of &s;trength, and the Appetit dejected, while the other Functi|ons are regularly perform'd, &s;tubborn Watchings with|out any anxiety if the Head be only affected; but if the
<PB N="255" REF="128">Stomac and Brea&s;t be di&s;order'd, they are attended with a great perplexity, to&s;&s;ing to and again, &s;ometimes the whole Body, &s;ometimes only an Arm or a Leg; to which &s;ymptom Deliriums and Convul&s;ions frequently &s;ucceed. The Urine re&s;embles that of healthy Per&s;ons; or, if by vertue of Me|dicines, or otherwi&s;e, it happens to thicken, yet it &s;till conti|nues tran&s;parent, and has little or no &s;ediment, unle&s;s it be a yellowi&s;h Clot of Chyle voided along with it. The Pul&s;e is at fir&s;t in &s;eeming good order, of a &s;udden it be|comes weak, &s;mall, oft-times hard; and towards the height of the Feaver, unequal. At fir&s;t a gentle &s;hivering may u&s;h|er in the Feaver; to which &s;ucceeds a very moderat heat externally, tho' in the mean while they are burnt up with|in, which is a fatal &s;ign of internal Inflammations. And not|with&s;tanding the moderation of the Heat, an unquenchable thir&s;t mole&s;ts 'em, and their Tongue is dry and rough. Or if on the contrary, they be extream hot, and withal in&s;en|&s;ible of thir&s;t, 'tis likewi&s;e a &s;ign of malignity. The&s;e are the mo&s;t common Symptoms. Sometimes the Feaver is at|tended by violent Head-aches; difficult re&s;piration, re&s;peci|ally upon the point of cuticular Eruptions; &s;tinking Ex|crements, and la&s;tly, eruptions of Spotts, Pu&s;hes, Wheals, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> According to which it undergoes &s;everal Denominati|ons. Sometimes the malignity is arriv'd at that height, that the external Parts are corrupted and &s;eiz'd with <HI>Gangreens,</HI> the Per&s;on po&s;&s;e&s;s'd with, an invincible aver&s;ion to all man|ner of Liquors, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P>Malignant Feavers admit of &s;everal Degrees. The fir&s;t is when the occa&s;ional &s;harpne&s;s and degeneracy of the febril ferment, converts a benign Feaver into a malign one. 2. When the ferment is not only &s;harp, but contagious, or epidemical. Now the original of Contagion, is an active &s;pirituous ferment, ea&s;ily communicable to the Spirits, and capable to propagate it &s;elf by a fermentative motion, in mat|ter fit for its purpo&s;e; which, in company of Spirits ex|hal'd from the &s;ick Per&s;on, pitch upon tho&s;e who&s;e Con&s;ti|tution and Pores gives the ea&s;ie&s;t admi&s;&s;ion, &s;uch as the Re|lations of the &s;ick Per&s;on, weak People, <HI>&amp;c:</HI> The manner of its reaching and in&s;inuating into &s;uch Per&s;ons, is either by immediat Contact, or in the Vehicle of Food, Cloaths, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> or that of the Air convey'd into the Lungs, where it debau|ches the Spirits circulating that way, and in pa&s;&s;ing the Mouth, adulterats the Saliva, which immediately affects the mo&s;t &s;en&s;ible Orifice of the Stomac: Hence the fir&s;t,
<PB N="256" REF="129">and mo&s;t di&s;mal Scene of tragical Symptoms is laid in the Stomac. 3. When the ferment is become pe&s;tilent. And, 4. When 'tis form'd into a direct Plague.</P>
<P>The cau&s;e of Malignity, a&s;&s;ign'd by <HI>Willis,</HI> is the coagula|tion of the Blood; and that by <HI>Sylvius,</HI> is a &s;harp volatil lixivious Alcali, de&s;troying the acid Sulphur of the Blood, and con&s;equently, its con&s;i&s;tence: But the vicious fluidity of the Blood attending malignity confutes the former; and the natural inactivity of <HI>Alcali</HI>'s, the known power of vola|til Acids in extingui&s;hing the animal Spitits, and galling the nervous Sy&s;tem; and the Antidotal vertue of <HI>Alcali</HI>'s, both volatil and fix'd, &s;uch as Camphyr, Myrrh, and the ab&s;or|bent Powders, overturns the latter Hypothe&s;is. 'Tis there|fore a &s;harp volatil <HI>Acid</HI> that cau&s;es malignity, partly by di&s;&s;olving the texture of the Blood, and di&s;po&s;ing it for Pu|trefaction, and generation of Worms, ob&s;ervable by Mi|cro&s;copes; partly by irritating the Stomac, Brain, and ner|vous Parts, and partly by extingui&s;hing both the vital and a|nimal Spirits.</P>
<P>That the Spirits are immediatly attack'd as well as the Blood and Humors, is made to appear by the &s;ymptoms of &s;udden Weakne&s;s, contracted Pul&s;es, Watchings, Deliriums, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> and by the force of imagination in propagating the Con|tagion. Nay oft-times the Spirits are principally a&s;&s;aulted, and the Humors only mediatly, thro' their &s;ides. Now it will be of u&s;e in malignant Feavers, to di&s;tingui&s;h nicely the original trouble of the Animal Spirits and nervous Sy&s;tem, from that of the vital Spirits and Ma&s;s of Blood. The Symp|toms of the former, are an unquenchable Thir&s;t, a rough and dry Tongue, a quick and &s;mall Pul&s;e, attended by a mode|rat Heat, anxiety and unquietne&s;s (proceeding from the Stomac) a melting loo&s;ene&s;s, the rotten &s;mell of Excrements, and the thin fluid con&s;i&s;tence of the Blood: Tho&s;e of the lat|ter are a violent heat of the Forehead; the hardne&s;s of the Pul&s;e, without the trouble of any membrane in the Body; or a laudable Pul&s;e attended by extream weakne&s;s; the pro|&s;tration of the Appetit, &s;queami&s;hne&s;s, vomiting, &s;tubborn watchings without any vi&s;ible Cau&s;e, the dryne&s;s or roughne&s;s of the Skin, and the unaccountable thickne&s;s and crudity of the Urin.</P>
<P>The Remote Cau&s;es of Epidemical Malignity are: ap|proaching to corrupted things, as Dead Carca&s;es, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> The Salt Subternanean Fumes; Earth-quakes; a preceding famine; eating of corrupt Food, as of putrify'd Summer Fruits, and
<PB N="257" REF="129">drinking Rotten Water, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Inwardly the prevalent acidi|ty of the Juice of the Pancreas may &s;o exalt the Bile to a ru&s;ty &s;harp quality, that it becomes malignant. Thus Be|nign Feavers frequently degenerat into malign ones; and Scorbutic or Hypocondriac Per&s;ons, who are &s;tuff'd with a fix'd Acid, are not &s;o much oppre&s;s'd with malignity or a Volatil Acid, as others.</P>
<P>The progno&s;tics of malignant Feavers are very uncertain, and fallacious. A large and equal Pul&s;e is a good &s;ign. A quick and &s;mall creeping Pul&s;e is a bad &s;ign; as al&s;o an une|qual Pul&s;e; tho' neither the inequality nor intermi&s;&s;ion, nor &s;mallne&s;s are &s;o fatal in malignant as in Benign Feavers. If Doating continue after &s;leeping and be not attended by Sweats; if the Eye repre&s;ent fal&s;e Colours of Objects; if the Urine, after apparent Concoction, become Crude again; if it &s;tink, if it appear Fat, Oily, black, or livid, with a blacki&s;h Sediment. If a Loo&s;ene&s;s happen e&s;pecial|ly after eruptions upon the Skin; if the Excrements or U|rine are Bloody; If the Excrements, Serum, or Blood, &s;end forth a heavy Smell; if a redne&s;s of the Face, Heat and Watchings be attended by a dropping at the No&s;e; if the Tendons &s;tart; if a tickling or pricking Pain invade the Palms of the Hands; if the Per&s;on attempts to catch Flies, or pick the Bed-Cloaths; if any of the&s;e Symptoms appear they threaten Convul&s;ions or Death. Deafne&s;s tho' it be look'd upon as a di&s;mal Symptom in the beginning of acute Feavers, meets with a favourable con&s;truction about the height of Malignant Feavers. The Eruption of <HI>Bubo</HI>'s and &s;well|ings of the Glandules frequently infer the &s;olution of the Di&s;ea&s;e.</P>
<P>The Cure is either de&s;ign'd for pre&s;ervation from immi|nent danger, or removing the pre&s;ent Illne&s;s. Di&s;till'd Vi|negar, Camphyr, and alexipharmacal Ingredients are proper Pre&s;ervatives. As for the proper Cure of Malignant Fea|vers, 'tis perform'd by expelling the poy&s;onous ferment, and fortifying the Spirits and Humours, in order to promote the expul&s;ion. To this purpo&s;e, Sulphur, ab&s;orbent Antimoni|al Powders, Camphyr, Vinegar, and Acid Juices; precipi|tating Powders &s;uch as the friable parts of Animals, mix'd with <HI>alexipharmacal</HI> Ingredients, &s;uch as Zedoary, Ivy-Ber|ries, Juniper and Bay-berries, Myrrh, <HI>Angelica,</HI> Gentian and Saffron, with Opium and Sudorifics, are very proper. But in order to a regular u&s;e of 'em, let us mind the follow|ing Cautions.</P>
<P N="1"><PB N="258" REF="130">1. Vomits, e&s;pecially the Infu&s;ion of <HI>Vitrum Antimonii,</HI> are of admirable efficacy in the very beginning of Malignant Feavers; e&s;pecially when they're attended by Anxieties in the Brea&s;t, or proceed from an internal corruption of the Humors. But the Sea&s;on of exhibiting them mu&s;t be nice|ly weigh'd; for if Nature be already endeavouring any other evacuation, e&s;pecially through the Skin, they are out of &s;ea|&s;on.</P>
<P N="2">2. Sudorifics are ju&s;tly look'd upon as the ba&s;is of the Cure; but they ought to be proportion'd to the malignity of the Di&s;ea&s;e, and &s;trength of the Patient. If the Maligni|ty be of a moderat Character, 'tis advi&s;able to begin with ab&s;orbents at fir&s;t. Indeed a violent malignity requires pow|erful Sudorifics; but care mu&s;t be taken that the Patient be not &s;tifl'd with weight of Cloaths. And tho&s;e of the &s;weating Tribe that are Aromatic and Oily, are only proper in the beginning, or during the increa&s;e: Towards the height, or when the Heat is violent, 'tis not ami&s;s to exchange 'em with fix'd Powders or, at lea&s;t, to qualifie 'em with Acids, &s;uch as the Spirits of Nitre, the vegetable Acid Juices, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Camphyr is a Sudorific never to be omitted, unle&s;s it be pro|hibited by a peculiar Antipathy as in &s;ome Women, and &s;tudious Men.</P>
<P N="3">3. During the time of &s;weating, or immediatly after it, let Acid mixtures of the Juice of Citrons, and e&s;pecially Spirit of Nitre <HI>&amp;c.</HI> be exhibited. They retrieve the exhau&s;ted Spi|rits, and procure a due con&s;i&s;tence to the di&s;&s;olv'd Blood, and ought always to be imploy'd for a Vehicle to <HI>Venice</HI> Treacle, and &s;uch like hot Compo&s;itions.</P>
<P N="4">4. Opiats are of admirable u&s;e for promoting Sweat, which is frequently hinder'd by anxiety and unquietne&s;s. Let 'em be mix'd both with Sudorifics, and with the Acid mixtures exhibited after &s;weating; but their proper Sea&s;on is during the Increa&s;e; for towards the Cri&s;is they ought to be avoided.</P>
<P N="5">5. The Cure of malignant Feavers varies according to their re&s;pective Cau&s;es. If they proceed from external Conta|gion, fierce Sudorifics are requir'd. If from the internal corruption of the Humours, they ought to be more temperat, and rather ab&s;orbent. If the Animal Spirits are the princi|pal &s;eat of the Malignity, &s;ubtil, volatil, penetrating Ingre|dients, mix'd with Narcotics, are proper. If the Blood claim that Character, they ought to be temper'd with Acid Ve|hicles. The malignity of the Blood is, for the mo&s;t part, attended by eruptions of Humours at one part or other; that
<PB N="259" REF="130">of the Spirits by Deliriums, Watchings, Convul&s;ions, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> and a tolerable Pul&s;e.</P>
<P N="6">6. Malignant Feavers are frequently complicated conti|nual Burning ones; in which ca&s;e regard mu&s;t be had to the boiling heat of the Blood, by in&s;i&s;ting mo&s;t on moder at Acids, and fix'd ab&s;orbents, e&s;pecially tho&s;e of Antimony, and qualifying the volatil oily Specifics.</P>
<P N="7">7. The above mention'd Symptoms relating to the Tongue, Hands, and Tendons ought always to be in|quir'd after; as al&s;o the condition of the Eyes, for if they are rutilant and fiery, or fierce, they threaten <HI>Deli|riums.</HI></P>
<P N="8">8 There is nothing more fatal than a Loo&s;ene&s;s; and all Arti|ficial Purgations are pernicious, e&s;pecially if the Di&s;ea&s;e came by Contagion, or if Nature endeavour Cutaneous Frup|tions, or if the force of malignity &s;urpa&s;s that of the febrile efferve&s;cency. If the fir&s;t Pa&s;&s;ages be &s;tuff'd, let temperat Cly&s;ters be injected, and even tho&s;e but very cautiou&s;ly. In the Declen&s;ion of the Di&s;ea&s;e a gentle Laxative is not ami&s;s.</P>
<P N="9">9. Blood-letting is highly Pernicious, e&s;pecially if the Di&s;ea&s;e came by Contagion, or tend to cutaneal Eruptions. Sometimes if the malignity be weak, and the Blood boyl high in a Plethoric young Per&s;on, accu&s;tom'd to Bleeding, it may be allow'd; but with a great deal of Caution and Judg|ment.</P>
<P N="10">10. Bli&s;tering Plai&s;ters are very u&s;eful. They're appli|ed to the Legs and Arms, and in ca&s;e of &s;leepy Symptoms to the Nap of the Neck. If the Animal Spirits are much afflicted, or if the Eruptions de&s;ign'd by nature advance but &s;lowly or retire afterwards, they are of &s;ingular u&s;e. <HI>Stepha|nus</HI> advi&s;es us not to be over ha&s;ty in applying 'em, till Na|ture have di&s;cover'd her de&s;ign, and then if &s;he be weak to interpo&s;e their help. The increa&s;e or rather beginning of the Height is a proper time to apply 'em.</P>
<P N="11">11. The Diet mu&s;t be thin; neither are Victuals to be offer'd unle&s;s the appetit require 'em. For Drink, let Water be boyl'd with a third part of Rheni&s;h Wine, and mix'd with the Juice of Citrons and Gelly of Harts-horn. Or let Whey be &s;harpen'd with the Juice of Citrons, or Spirit of Nitre.</P>
<P>Having premis'd the&s;e Cautions, we &s;hall next touch at the Specifics, &s;ome of which are volatil, &s;ome fix'd. The vola|til are either lean and thin, &s;uch as the Spirit of <HI>Sal-Armoniac,</HI>
<PB N="260" REF="131">the Spirits and volatil Salts of Harts-horn, of Vipers, of Tar|tar, of Urine, of Amber, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Or Oily and Aromatic, &s;uch as Camphyr, Elecampane, Birthwort, Rue, Galangal, Mary-gold, Orange Peel, Germander, Ca&s;tor, Vipers, Baum, Zedoary, le&s;&s;er Centory, Rob of Juniper and Elder|berries the di&s;till'd Oyls of Amber, Camphyr, Harts-horn, and Tartar; E&s;&s;ence of Triacle; Spirit of Triacle Cam|phoris'd, and the E&s;&s;ences of Aromatic Herbs. The fix'd are Diaphoretic Antimony, Diaphoretic Gold, native Cinnabar, or that of Antimony, above all the fix'd Sulphur of Antimo|ny, mineral Bezoar both &s;imple and Compound, the Bezoar Stone given to half a dram, or in the room of it the Stone cut out of a Man's Bladder, &s;eal'd Earth, Coral, Harts-horn, Sulphur, and the preparations of Nitre, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Some are of a temperat nature, neither properly volatil nor fix'd; &s;uch are the Gelly of Harts-horn, the expelling Seeds, <HI>viz.</HI> Tho&s;e of <HI>Carduus Benedictus,</HI> Columbines, Cre&s;&s;es, Citrons, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> To which we may add Myrrh, which is a baumy Medicine, of excellent u&s;e for covering the Spirits from the &s;hocks of the malign ferment.</P>
<P>From the&s;e Simples are prepar'd an infinity of compound Medicines, &s;uch as Venice Triacle, or Dia&s;cordium (which is better) Mithridat, Species of Hyacinth, the Powder call'd <HI>Saxonicus</HI> &amp;c. As for Venice Triacle and &s;uch like hot Compo&s;itions, the be&s;t way is to exhibit em in Acid Vehicles, and mix 'em with fix'd Specifics.</P>
<P>Take of Rasberry Water, and that of Water Germander, of each an ounce and a half Diaphoretic Antimony, half a dram; Cinnabar of Antimony, fifteen grains; volatil Salt of Harts-horn, twelve grains; Camphyr, two or three grains; (or <HI>Laudanum Opiatum,</HI> a grain or two) Syrup of <HI>Carduus Benedictus,</HI> an ounce. Mix for two Do&s;es, in order to Sweat. This is to be given in the beginning or increa&s;e of the Di&s;ea&s;e after the general Premi&s;es. As likewi&s;e the&s;e following.</P>
<P>Take of Rue Water, and that of Vipers-gra&s;s Roots, of each an ounce; of the <HI>Mixtura Simplex,</HI> a dram; rectify'd Spirit of Soot, half a dram; Syrup of Water Germander, half an ounce. Mix for two Do&s;es.</P>
<P>Take of the Cordial Saxony Water, an ounce; Cinna|mom Water, half an ounce; Spirit of Venice Triacle cam|phoris'd, two drams; volatil Salt of Harts-horn, a &s;cruple; volatil Salt of Amber, half a &s;cruple; Syrup of Clove Gilly
<PB N="261" REF="131">Flowers, half an ounce. Mix and give a &s;poonful frequent|ly, when <HI>Delirium</HI>'s are threaten'd.</P>
<P>Take of the Water of <HI>Carduus Benedictus,</HI> Water of Goat Rue, and that of Elder Flowers of each &s;ix drams; Spirit of Venice Triacle camphoris'd, a dram and a half; volatil Salt of Vipers, a &s;cruple; Dia&s;cordium, two drams; Syrup of <HI>Carduus Benedictus,</HI> &s;ix drams. Mix for two Do&s;es.</P>
<P>Take of the Water of Vipers-gra&s;s Roots, and that of Water Germander, and Vinegar of Wine, of each an ounce; Venice Triacle two drams; Diaphoretic Antimony, two &s;cruples; Camphyr, &s;ix grains: Syrup of Rasberries, an ounce. Mix for two or three Do&s;es. If the Heat be vio|lent exchange the Triacle for Dia&s;cordium.</P>
<P>Take of the Water of <HI>Carduus Benedictus.</HI> and that of Water Germander, of each an ounce and a half; fre&s;h Juice of Ci|trons, &s;ix drams Venice Triacle, a dram and a half; mineral Bezoar, half a dram; <HI>Laudanum Opiatum,</HI> a grain and a half; Syrup of Mint, dulcify'd Spirit of Nitre, a &s;ufficient quantity. Mix for two Do&s;es.</P>
<P>Take of the Con&s;erve of Citrons, and Con&s;erve of Ro&s;es vitriolated, of each an ounce and a half; Rob of Juniper, half an ounce; Dia&s;cordium, two drams; Camphyr, a &s;cruple. With Syrup of Citrons make an Electuary.</P>
<P>Take of Venice Triacle, a dram; Diaphoretic Antimony, fifteen grains: Salt of Wormwood, half a &s;cruple. Mix for a Do&s;e or two, to be taken in Vinegar of Wine. This is to be given in ca&s;e of great Malignity.</P>
<P>When the Di&s;ea&s;e is further advanc'd towards the height, volatil Sulphureous Medicines mu&s;t be cautiou&s;ly us'd. As, take of Fumitory Water, three ounces; Harts-horn prepar'd without Fire, two &s;cruples; mineral Bezoar, a &s;cruple; extract of Treacle, &s;ix grains; Syrup of Orange Peel, three drams. Mix for three Do&s;es. Myrrh may al&s;o be added.</P>
<P>Take of the &s;imple Mixture, &s;ix drams; the Spirit <HI>de tribus</HI> (di&s;till'd from Antimony, Sulphur, and Nitre) two drams; Flowers of Sulphur, a &s;cruple; Fumitory Water, two drams; Syrup of the Juice of Citrons, an ounce. Make a Potion for one Do&s;e.</P>
<P>Take of Diaphoretic Antimony, Cinnabar of Antimony, of each half a &s;cruple; volatil Salt of Harts-horn, four or five grains; volatil Salt of Amber, two or three grains; Camphyr, two grains. Make a Powder. I have &s;een the
<PB N="262" REF="132">good effects of this Powder in the ca&s;e of <HI>Delirium</HI>'s, and im|minent Convul&s;ions.</P>
<P>Take of Harts-horn prepar'd without Fire, a dram; mi|neral Bezoar, two &s;cruples; &s;eal'd Earth and mineral Uni|corn, of each fifteen grains; <HI>laudanum Opiatum</HI> prepar'd by fermentation, four grains. Make a Powder for four Do&s;es. <HI>Nitrum Antimoniatum, Poterius</HI>'s Diaphoretic Gold, &s;olar and Jovial Bezoar, volatil Salt of Vipers and Myrrh, are proper Ingredients for the &s;ame purpo&s;e.</P>
<P>Take of <HI>Sennertus</HI>'s Bezoardic Powder, prepar'd Uni|corn's Horn, of each a &s;cruple; &s;olar and Jovial Bezoar, of each &s;ix grains. Mix for two Do&s;es.</P>
<P>Take of the red Powder of Pannonia, fifteen grains; <HI>Ni|trum Antimoniatum,</HI> twelve grains: <HI>Poterius</HI>'s Diaphoretic Gold, five grains. Make a Powder.</P>
<P>During the u&s;e of the&s;e or &s;uchlike Alexipharmacal Pre|&s;criptions, let Acid Mixtures be exhibited for quenching the Thir&s;t, and comforting the Spirits after &s;weating. As,</P>
<P>Take two fre&s;h Citrons, &s;lice 'em. Add of white Su|gar, three ounces; Vipers-gra&s;s Roots, two or three drams; Spring Water, &s;ix pound. Boyl them till two parts of three be evaporated, and &s;train it for u&s;e.</P>
<P>Take of <HI>Myn&s;icthius</HI> his Decoction of Citrons, a pound and a half; Gelly of Harts-horn, an ounce and a half; Syrup of Cherries, and Syrup of Rasberries, of each an ounce: with a &s;ufficient quantity of the Juice of Citrons, make a Julep.</P>
<P>Take of the Decoction of Harts-horn, with the Roots of Vipers-gra&s;s, one pound; Tincture of Columbine Flowers, and that of Piony Flowers, of each a dram; Syrup of the Juice of Citrons, an ounce and a half; Syrup of Rasberries, &s;ix drams: with a &s;ufficient quantity of the Spirit of Nitre, make a Julep. The Syrup of Poppies in ca&s;e of violent Heat is added with good &s;ucce&s;s.</P>
<P>Take of the &s;havings of Sa&s;&s;afras, &s;ix drams; boyl them in Water, to a pound and a half of the &s;train'd Liquor add two ounces of the Juice of Citrons, an ounce and a half of the Syrup of Citrons, and a &s;ufficient quantity of the Spirit of Nitre, to render it grateful.</P>
<P>Take of the Decoction of Tamarinds with Rai&s;ins a Pound; Syrup of the Juice of Citrons, Syrup of Rasberries, of each an ounce; with a little of the Spirit of Nitre, make a Potion.</P>
<PB N="263" REF="132">
<P>Sometimes the Confection Alkermes, or Dia&s;cordium, or Diaphoretic Antimony is di&s;&s;olv'd in the&s;e acid mixtures.</P>
<P>During the time of Swearing &s;ome apply a little Loaf hot from the Oven, the under Cru&s;t being par'd off, and the Heart excavated and fill'd with Triacle and Wine; thus they apply it to the Navel to attract the Malignity.</P>
<P>If the Patient bleed at No&s;e, which is a fatal Symptom, apply a dry Toad to the Arm-pits; or, take of Vervain Water, three ounces; Spirit of Wine Comphoris'd, an ounce; Opium, five grains. Make an Epithema for the Forehead; which is al&s;o of u&s;e to prevent Head-achs and Delirium's. If the Stomac be much di&s;order'd, apply to it a Plai&s;ter of Tacamphac, Bal&s;am of <HI>Peru</HI> and Venice Triacle. If the Throat and Palat be dry, without a &s;limy Cru&s;t, make a Gargle of fair Water, Spirit of Wine rectify'd, and Hony.</P>
<P>If a Loo&s;ene&s;s attend a malignant Feaver, exhibit two &s;cruples of the red Powder of Pannonia; or Venice Triacle mix'd with Opium and fix'd Sudorifics Prepar'd Harts-horn, Bole Armenic, &s;eal'd Earth, mineral Unicorn, are al&s;o pro|per to be added to Alexipharmacal Ingredients.</P>
<P>If a malignant Feaver be attended by Heartburnings, and gnawings of the Stomac, violent Head-achs, Watchings, Deliriums, and a grievous <HI>Prunella,</HI> 'tis call'd the Hungarian, or Camp Feaver, and is highly Contagious. Vomits com|mence its Cure; which ought be follow'd by Acid Juleps, and fix'd or meagre Sudorifics. The Hungarians are wont to Cure it by rubbing the Body with a Root of Gar|lic &s;oak'd in Spirit of Wine, and bruis'd; and then covering up the Per&s;on in order to Sweat. The <HI>Prunella</HI> is accounted for by wa&s;hing the Mouth with a mixture of Hou&s;e-leek Water, Juice of Hou&s;e-leek, and <HI>Sal-Armoniac.</HI></P>
<P>Some malignant Feavers are accompany'd by Spots in the Skin re&s;embling Flea-bitings. The&s;e Spots are al&s;o compatible to &s;ome Tertian and Scorbutic Feavers that are not tinctur'd with Malignity. When they attend malign Feavers, they are u&s;her'd in by the&s;e Symptoms, <HI>viz.</HI> an univer&s;al brui&s;ing, tearing Pain, and Wearine&s;s, a &s;udden and unaccountable decay of Strength, and a moderat Heat, with little or no Sickne&s;s at fir&s;t; follow'd by heavy pains of the Back and Head, Watchings, Unquietne&s;s and anxiety; towards the Evening they grow wor&s;e, and continue &s;o all Night. In the Beginning of the Di&s;ea&s;e they Sweat ea&s;ily; during its further progre&s;s they Sweat but little or with great difficulty,
<PB N="264" REF="133">and in the height of the Di&s;ea&s;e, none at all, either natural|ly or artificially. About the fourth, &s;eventh, or tenth Day, the Spots break forth in the Brea&s;t and Shoulders, afterwards on the Belly and Legs, and at length in the Arms, the Face being for the mo&s;t part free. In the Declen&s;ion or even in the height of the Di&s;ea&s;e, &s;ometimes there in&s;ues a comfor|table &s;alivation. The Spots are di&s;tingui&s;h'd from fleabitings by this Mark, that the&s;e have a red point in their middle, which the Spots have not, and that they di&s;appear by the appli|cation of the Meal of Beans with Vinegar.</P>
<P>If the&s;e Spots are many, large, broad, and of a high Colour, 'tis a good &s;ign. But if they are few in number, apt to retire, or of a Yellow, Green, Blew, or above all of a Black Colour, 'tis a de&s;perat Ca&s;e. If they break out before we can di&s;cover any &s;igns of Concoction, or after their erup|tion are follow'd by a bleeding at the No&s;e, 'tis an ill Omen. If during the fir&s;t Days of the illne&s;s the Per&s;on walk'd a|bout and expos'd him&s;elf to Cold, 'tis an aggravating cir|cum&s;tance. In general, all &s;potted Feavers are flow and le&s;s acute than others.</P>
<P>The cau&s;e is the &s;ame, as that of other malignant Feavers, as al&s;o the general Cure. What peculiarly belongs to &s;pot|ted Feavers is couch'd under the following Cautions.</P>
<P N="1">1. Vomits are of excellent u&s;e. Purgation and oft-times injecting of Cly&s;ters is noxious, if the Spots are already out. 2. Blood-leting is fatal. 3. In the Beginning and Increa&s;e, Venice Triacle, and &s;uch like conpo&s;itions, may &s;afely be ex|hibited. But towards the height tho&s;e of a fix'd Quality are preferable. 4. If the eruption be Symptomatical, it ought not be promoted by Sudorifics, but rather moderated by Acid Antidots. If 'tis Critical, following the &s;igns of Con|coction, and affording &s;ome relief to the Patient, it ought to be gently incourag'd by Emul&s;ions of the expelling Seeds. 5. A Loo&s;ene&s;s following the eruption ought to be cautiou&s;ly handled. 'Tis not fit to &s;top it directly: but only to per&s;i&s;t in the u&s;e of &s;weating Medicines; or if it occa&s;ion the retreat of the Spots, then we may adventure to curb it gently. 6. Bli&s;tering Plai&s;ters are of Sovereign u&s;e, e&s;pecially if the Spots di&s;appear un&s;ea&s;onably. 7. Wine moderatly taken is not improper.</P>
<P>There is another &s;ort of malignant Feaver, call'd <HI>Purpura|ta,</HI> which approaches to the nature of acute Feavers, both in timing its Cri&s;is, and the Symptoms that u&s;her it in. Under the increa&s;e of the Di&s;ea&s;e the Per&s;on is &s;eiz'd with a notable
<PB N="265" REF="133">Heat, and pricking Pains all round the Brea&s;t, Shoulders, Neck, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> and the Skin becomes rough and red, and &s;ometimes itches, and in the height of the Di&s;ea&s;e is cover'd with little miliar Eruptions, which are apt to &s;trike in upon the lea&s;t Cold what&s;oever, And in the declen&s;ion of the Di&s;ea&s;e fall off like Scales. This Di&s;ea&s;e frequently at|tacks Women in Child-bed, perhaps by rea&s;on of the &s;up|pre&s;&s;ion of their Lochias. It &s;eems to partake much of a Scorbutic nature, and therefore Anti&s;corbutics mix'd with other Antidors are very proper. In fine, its Cure is the &s;ame as that of other malignant Feavers, to which we may add, that all Purgatives, or Cly&s;ters, or the lea&s;t degree of Cold, ought to be nicely avoided.</P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 N="6" TYPE="chapter">
<HEAD>CHAP. VI. <HI>Of the &s;mall Pox and Mea&s;les.</HI></HEAD>
<P>THE &s;mall Pox are not always malignant, as being only an effect of Nature's indeavours to purify the Blood from the vicious remains of Milk &s;uckt from the Brea&s;ts in our infancy, and curdled into an Acid. Some fancy them to proceed from the Corruption of Men&s;trual Blood, with which the Child is tainted in the Womb. But the weakne&s;s of that thought is &s;ufficiently evinc'd, by the unequal propen|&s;ity of Children to this Di&s;ea&s;e, and their being nouri&s;h'd with Chyle in the Womb.</P>
<P>That the corruption of the Milk, and its degeneracy into an Acid, is the cau&s;e of the &s;mall Pox may be infer'd, from the Analogy that intercedes betwixt them and the Scurfy &s;tinking Ulcers in the Heads of Children, caus'd by vicious Milk.</P>
<P>This Acid cau&s;es the convul&s;ions and tearing pains of the Back and other Membrans of the Body, the piercing of the Skin, &s;uppuration, and in &s;hort, all the Symptoms of the &s;mall Pox, whether common or uncommon. Now the order of the common Symptoms is as follows.</P>
<PB N="266" REF="134">
<P>A gentle &s;hivering is follow'd by a violent Heat, and heavyne&s;s of the Back and whole Body, piercing beating pains in the Loyns, a &s;welling, redne&s;s and &s;corching pain of the Eyes, and an aptne&s;s to &s;hed Tears, or void Serum, and &s;ometimes a weighty Pain in the Head; or a dry Cough, with a quick, frequent, vehement and hard Pul&s;e. The Re|&s;piration is oft-times difficult, the Throat rough, and the Voice hoar&s;e. The Per&s;on is di&s;quieted, watches much, or dreams of uncouth things, or doats and undergoes &s;ome epileptic motions. Sometimes he vomits or bleeds at No&s;e, which is a bad Symptom in the height, tho' not in the be|ginning of the Di&s;ea&s;e; or pi&s;&s;es Blood; or is &s;eiz'd with a Diabete or a Loo&s;ene&s;s. The Urine is for the mo&s;t part clear, by rea&s;on that the Serum moves towards the &s;urface of the Body. Sometimes indeed when the Blood and Hu|mors boil high within, 'tis muddy or white, and drops a &s;ediment like Bran.</P>
<P>Of all the&s;e Signs there are three that are mo&s;t certain, <HI>viz.</HI> a Pain in the Loyns or Back, and a di&s;tending Pain and watryne&s;s of the Eyes.</P>
<P>The&s;e Symptoms gall the Patient 'till the third or fourth day that little red Spots appear; and then if they advance regularly, the Symptoms di&s;appear. The&s;e Spots &s;ometimes vani&s;h in&s;en&s;ibly in a few days, and are call'd Mea&s;les; &s;ome|times they ri&s;e in the form of red Pu&s;hes, and by degrees be|come white in the Center, with a purple or livid Circumfe|rence. Thus they come to &s;uppurat, tho' not without a &s;ort of renewed Feaver, and in the middle void corrupt matter, and fall off like Scales, under the denomination of the Small-Pox.</P>
<P>The&s;e Spots or Wheals chiefly po&s;&s;e&s;s the Hands and Face, and bloat 'em up, and frequently leave behind 'em Ulcers in the Head and other parts of the Body, e&s;pecially if they do not come duly forth, or &s;trike in un&s;ea&s;onably: In which ca&s;e an infinity of various Ills may in&s;ue.</P>
<P>As for the Progno&s;tics, they are accounted favourable when the Symptoms di&s;appear, or at lea&s;t remit, upon the Eruption; when they break out &s;peedily, copiou&s;ly, and all together; when the Pu&s;hes are large, foft, pointed at the Top, round, &s;eparated from one another, of a red Colour, becoming quick|ly white in the middle, and retaining a red Circumference; when they are mo&s;t numerous in the extreme Parts, appear|ing about the fourth day, ripening quickly, and fini&s;hing their Cour&s;e by the fourteenth. The dangerous Symptoms
<PB N="267" REF="134">are ju&s;t the rever&s;e of the&s;e: To which we may add Pits or black Points in the middle of the Pu&s;hes, a livid Circumfe|rence, the interjection or following of malignant Spots, con|vul&s;ive motions continuing after the Eruption, moi&s;t Hands while the Arms are very dry; the di&s;tention and murmuring of the Belly, attended by Anxiety and Unquietne&s;s (betoke|ning the Inflammation of the Inte&s;tins) the continuance of the Feaver and difficult Re&s;piration after the Eruption, &s;ignify|ing that the Bowels Lungs, Midriff, and internal Parts are inflam'd and be&s;et with Wheals; violent Pains of the Back, accompany'd by an unaccountable Weakne&s;s, and malignant Symptoms; pi&s;&s;ing Blood, or voiding Blood either upwards or downwards, Loo&s;ene&s;&s;es and Bleeding at No&s;e following the Eruption, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Sometimes indeed Bleeding at No&s;e in the beginning of the Sickne&s;s in a large quantity, and without the lea&s;t Interruption, and cea&s;ing of its own accord, is a favou|rable Circum&s;tance. Some have ob&s;erv'd that the Children of Parents, who were pox'd before Marriage, are always in great danger when attack'd by the Small-Pox. Tho&s;e who dye of this Di&s;ea&s;e, are &s;eiz'd with Quin&s;ies, or a &s;tuffing of the Lungs, Loo&s;ene&s;&s;es, Dy&s;enteries or Convul&s;ions. If they recover, the Eyes are in danger of being damag'd; the Lungs and Guts of being ulcerated; the external Parts of Impo|&s;thmes; and the whole Body of Ob&s;tructions and Cachex|ies.</P>
<P>The Cure is perform'd by moderating the &s;harp Ferment, expelling it when corrected, and mitigating the Symptoms. In order to a regular pur&s;uit of the&s;e Ends, let's ob&s;erve the following Cautions.</P>
<P N="1">1. We ought to di&s;tingui&s;h the time of Separation from that of Expul&s;ion. During the former the Blood boyls high, and ought not to be &s;purr'd on by expelling Medicines, (unle&s;s the Patient be very weak) but appeas'd and arm'd again&s;t the Influence of the malign <HI>Mia&s;ma</HI>'s, by ab&s;orbent fixing In|gredients. But during the latter Alexipharmical and expelling Medicines, e&s;pecially Emul&s;ions of the expelling Seeds, ought to be exhibited and per&s;i&s;ted in till the Pu&s;hes di&s;appear.</P>
<P N="2">2. During the Progre&s;s of the Di&s;ea&s;e, Purges or Cly&s;ters are highly pernicious. In the beginning of the Feaver, if it be very high and free of Malignity, and if the &s;ick Per&s;on's fir&s;t Pa&s;&s;ages be &s;tuff'd, 'tis not improper to exhibit a gentle Laxative with &s;weet Mercury. After the Declination of the Pox or Mea&s;les, 'tis highly nece&s;&s;ary to purge with the &s;ame
<PB N="268" REF="135">Ingredients, in order to prevent the Influence of the acid Re|mains.</P>
<P N="3">3. If a Loo&s;ene&s;s happen after the Eruption, we ought to be cautious of &s;uppre&s;&s;ing it, e&s;pecially if the Feaver be not ma|lignant, and the Humors be putrify'd within. In this ca&s;e we ought &s;till to per&s;i&s;t in the u&s;e of Sudorifics, which divert the Humors to the Surface of the Body. In other Ca&s;es a &s;ymptomatical Loo&s;ne&s;s ought to be &s;topp'd by adding A&s;trin|gents. If it proceed from Worms it's frequently fatal.</P>
<P N="4">4. Blood-letting (in <HI>Germany</HI>) is highly pernicious; unle&s;s the Patient be of a full Plethoric Con&s;titution, and &s;eis'd with a Fren&s;ie; and even then it only takes place in the beginning before the Eruption.</P>
<P N="5">5. Opiats are of excellent u&s;e for promoting Expul&s;ion, mitigating the pernicious Symptoms of the Nerves and lower Belly; and for incouraging the &s;welling of the Hands and Face, which is a mo&s;t favourable Circum&s;tance in this Di&s;|ea&s;e.</P>
<P N="6">6. After Recovery, the Lungs, Throat, Belly, and inter|nal parts ought to be arm'd again&s;t the influence of the re|maining acid.</P>
<P N="7">7. External Applications for preventing Scars and Pits, are very prejudicial, e&s;pecially before Maturation. The mo&s;t u&s;eful External is Bracelets of Amber applied to the Wri&s;ts, which promote the Expul&s;ion.</P>
<P N="8">8. If the Feaver be high during the time of Separation, avoid too much Heat. If the Patient be weak, and Nature unable to perform its part, artificial Heat is not improper.</P>
<P N="9">9. During the time of Separation the Diet mu&s;t be thin. Wine is improper; the Decoctions of Lentils, or of any &s;ort of Pul&s;e, are flatulent and prejudicial. Let Gelly of Harts-horn be di&s;&s;olv'd in &s;mall Beer, mixt with the Tincture of Colum|bines, or, in which a Bag of Columbine and Turnep Seeds is infus'd, for ordinary drinking. For Children let hot Hor|&s;es Dung be infus'd in what they drink for it promotes Sweat, and defends the Neck and Throat.</P>
<P>Having premis'd the&s;e Cautions, the next thing is to take a view of the <HI>Materia Medica.</HI> For moderating the motion of the Blood, and mitigating the Symptoms of the Brea&s;t and Belly, and promoting Expul&s;ion, we u&s;e mineral Unicorn, diaphoretic Antimony, Cinnabar of Antimony (of excellent u&s;e for preventing Convul&s;ions) and e&s;pecially Unicorn's horn and Emul&s;ion of the expul&s;ive Seeds, <HI>viz.</HI> The Seeds of Cre&s;&s;es, Columbines, Turneps, and <HI>Carduus Benedictus.</HI> To
<PB N="269" REF="135">which we add &s;ome volatil Ingredients, &s;uch as the Salt and Spirits of Harts-horn Vipers and Human Blood, when the Acid afflicts the Nerves, and the Pu&s;hes break out but &s;low|ly.</P>
<P>The &s;pecific Remedies of great Note, are Myrrh, and Ca|&s;tor, or their E&s;&s;ences, prepar'd with Spirit of Wine tarta|ris'd. To which we may add Saffron, the Dung of Animals, e&s;pecially Hor&s;e's or Sheep's Dung infus'd in Wine: Figs, or their Decoction, to which we add Millet Seeds, to quali|fie their loo&s;ening Virtue.</P>
<P>Take of Harts-horn prepar'd without Fire, and Diaphore|tic Antimony, of each fifteen grains; Myrrh, half a &s;cruple. Make a Powder, to be exhibited before the Eruption. If the Patient be troubled with a &s;hivering ju&s;t upon the point of Eruption, add the Salt of <HI>Carduus Benedictus.</HI></P>
<P>Take of Harts-horn prepar'd without Fire, and Cinnabar of Antimony, of each half a &s;cruple; Ca&s;tor, three grains; Myrrh, two grains; volatil Salt of Vipers, four or five grains. Make a Powder to be given after eruption, or when the Pu&s;hes advance but &s;lowly. Or,</P>
<P>Take of Harts-horn prepar'd without Fire fifteen grains; &s;olar Bezoar, half a &s;cruple; volatil Salt of Harts-horn, five grains; <HI>Laudanum Opiatum,</HI> half a grain. Mix for one Do&s;e. In ca&s;e of a loo&s;ene&s;s, or unquietne&s;s and malignity, add two grains of Camphyr. Or,</P>
<P>Take of Scabious Water, an ounce and a half; E&s;&s;ence of Myrrh, a Dram; Harts-horn prepar'd without Fire, a &s;cruple; Mineral Bezoar, half a &s;cruple; <HI>Laudanum</HI> prepar'd by fermentation, a Grain; Syrup of <HI>Carduus Benedictus,</HI> three Drams. Make a Potion The volatil Salt of Vipers, or that of Harts-horn, Camphyr, <HI>Sennertus</HI>'s Bezoardic Pow|der, Spirit of Treacle, and, in ca&s;e of a Loo&s;ene&s;s, &s;eal'd Earth, may be added by turns.</P>
<P>Take of the yellow part of Orange Peel, two drams; Citron Seeds, a dram; Seeds of Columbines and <HI>Carduus Benedictus,</HI> Myrrh, of each half a dram; &s;weet Almonds, a dram. With Viper-Gra&s;s-water make an Emul&s;ion, and &s;weeten it. If the Patient be much di&s;quieted, add the Syrup of Poppies and E&s;&s;ence of Ca&s;tor.</P>
<P>Take of the Tincture of <HI>Tartar,</HI> two drams; E&s;&s;ence of Myrrh, prepar'd with the Spirit of <HI>Sal-Armoniac,</HI> a dram. Mix and exhibit forty or fifty drops a day towards the height of the Di&s;ea&s;e, or when the Pu&s;nes are well advanc'd, and the Symptoms mitigate<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">. After a &s;ufficient eruption,
<PB N="270" REF="136">we ought to promote their &s;uppuration, and prevent Pits in the Skin, by exhibiting a Compound Powder of Crabs-Eyes, Harts-horn, Myrrh, and Salt of <HI>Carduus Benedictus.</HI></P>
<P>Be&s;ides the direct indications of the &s;mall <HI>Pox</HI> and <HI>Mea|&s;les,</HI> we ought likewi&s;e to obviat their incident Symptoms, as unquietne&s;s and inolination to vomit, if it be proper to &s;top it, by the Spirit of Harts-horn &s;uccinated, and Extract of Treacle, mix'd with <HI>Laudanum Opiatum;</HI> a loo&s;ene&s;s towards the height, accompany'd with a murmuring noi&s;e in the Belly, and frothy Excrements, by &s;eal'd Earth, or <HI>Lau|danum Opiatum</HI> and <HI>Dia&s;cordium,</HI> mix'd with other &s;peci|fics; Watchings, Deliriums, and Convul&s;ions, attended with a hardne&s;s of the Belly, by exhibiting the Cin|nabar of Antimony, or Spirit of Harts-horn &s;uccinated; or injecting Cly&s;ters, anointing the Navel and pit of the Stomac with di&s;till'd Oyl of Amber; and, in the beginning of the Di&s;ea&s;e, injecting Cly&s;ters. A bleed|ing at No&s;e ought to be promoted, if needs be, by &s;queez|ing or pricking the No&s;trils; or, if it exceed mea&s;ure, re|&s;train'd by applying dry'd Toads to the Arm-pits, or mix|ing Narcotics with Ab&s;orbents, and avoiding all volatil Ingredients. A Cough, or any di&s;order of the Brea&s;t, ought to be repre&s;s'd by Scabious Water mix'd with Spirit of <HI>Sal-Armoniac</HI> ani&s;ated, and <HI>Laudanum Opiatum,</HI> adding, be|fore the eruption, incra&s;&s;ating Syrrups, &s;uch as tho&s;e of Colts-foot, Jujubes, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> and after the eruption, attenuating ones, &s;uch as tho&s;e of Tobacco, Mint, Hy&s;&s;op, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> A weak|ne&s;s and pro&s;tration of &s;trength ought to be repair'd by ex|hibiting the Tincture of Coral mix'd, with the Spirit of Stag's Heart, or a Toa&s;t &s;oak'd in Rheni&s;h Wine.</P>
<P>The&s;e Symptoms la&s;t mention'd precede the Eruption. Tho&s;e which follow the Eruption, are likewi&s;e to be ac|counted for. As if the Pox or Mea&s;les retire un&s;ea&s;onably, and fall upon the nervous Sy&s;tem, cau&s;ing Deliriums, and Convul&s;ions, apply bli&s;tering Plai&s;ters to the Soles of the Feet, and exhibit the A&s;hes of Scarlet Cloth in Wine. If the &s;harpne&s;s of the Humour threaten Pits in the Face, exhibit Crabs Eyes and Myrrh inwardly; and apply out|wardly with a Feather, the Spirit of Wine tinctur'd with Myrrh, or Ro&s;e-water, in which Sugar of Lead is di&s;&s;olv'd, or the Plai&s;ter of Frogs Spawn with Sugar of Lead: But all external applications before maturation are much &s;u|&s;pected, for fear of repre&s;&s;ing the Matter. Lime-water in which Sulphur is boil'd, being mix'd with Ro&s;e-wa|ter,
<PB N="271" REF="136">or a Catapla&s;m of the Meal of Beans and that of Lu|pines and Ox Urine are of u&s;e for taking off the Scarrs. If a Salivation &s;ucceed to the Eruption, let the Patient drink plentifully of Barly Water, or &s;mall Beer, and like|wi&s;e gargle his Mouth with it.</P>
<P>If the &s;mall Pox or Mea&s;les threaten Injury to the Eyes, either by &s;ettling in the Apple of the Eye, or di&s;tending the Eye-Lid, let the Eye be wa&s;h'd with the infu&s;ion of the Gla&s;s of <HI>Antimony</HI> in Plantan and Ro&s;e-Water, with Tut|ty and Sugar of Lead. If the Eyes be red and itch, apply a piece of raw Beef to the Eye, renewing it every quar|ter of an Hour for &s;ome time. Or let a healthy Woman chew Garlic, and breath upon the Eye; or wa&s;h the Eye with the juice of Chervil or Rue, mix'd with Fennel Water; or make a Collyrium of Plantan, Night-&s;hade and Ro&s;e Wa|ter, in which Sumac and Plantan Seeds are boil'd, or the Rinds of Pomgranats infus'd. The mucilage of Mar&s;h|mallows extracted with Fennel Water; or the infu&s;ion of white Vitriol and Tutty in Eye-bright Water; or Plantan-Water mix'd with Frogs Spawn, and Sugar of Lead; are al&s;o very proper. Or,</P>
<P>Take of Plantan-Water an Ounce; Eye-bright and Ro&s;e Water, of each half an ounce; prepar'd Emerald, twelve grains; prepar'd Pearls, &s;ix grains; Camphyr, three grains; Saffron, four grains. Mix and drop it into the Eye. Some choo&s;e to drop into the Eye, a drop or two of the Fat of Vipers.</P>
<P>If the Eye-lids are be&s;et with the Pox, and inflam'd not|with&s;tanding all the&s;e Precautions; apply the Decoction of Line-&s;eed, Fenugrec-&s;eed, and Mallows, or that of Meli|lot-Flowers, and Quince-&s;eeds. Some apply Milk; but I cannot approve their Practice, &s;ince 'tis apt to become Acid. If, after all, the Eyes be injur'd, and remain &s;o after reco|very of the Pox, 'tis proper to u&s;e <HI>Rulandus</HI>'s Opthalmic Water, and apply Bli&s;tering-Plai&s;ters to the Nape of the Neck, and when that Bli&s;ter cea&s;es to run, apply two be|hind the Ears, mixing one part of the Bli&s;tering Plai&s;ter with five or &s;ix parts of the Plai&s;ter of Frogs-&s;pawn, to keep the Bli&s;ter open.</P>
<P>If the Pox injure the No&s;e or Ears, the former is reliev'd by applying Vinegar of Ro&s;es impregnated with Cam|phyr, and anointing the Cru&s;ts within the No&s;trils (if there be any &s;uch) with fre&s;h Butter, wa&s;h'd in Ro&s;e-water. The latter, <HI>viz.</HI> The Ears are re&s;tor'd by putting into the Ears
<PB N="272" REF="137">the E&s;&s;ence of Ca&s;tor with Cotton, or fumigating it with the Decoction of Ca&s;tor, Myrrh, Coloquintida, Fennel|&s;eed, and a little Saffron in Wine; and applying Bli&s;ter|ing Plai&s;ters behind them.</P>
<P>The Throat is frequently infe&s;ted by the &s;mall Pox, and con&s;equently re&s;piration di&s;turb'd. To prevent this incon|venience, let the Mouth and Throat be wa&s;h'd with Goats Milk and Plantan Water, or the Tincture of Poppy-Flow|ers, or with the common Gargles mix'd with Hor&s;e's Dung, or the Juice of River Crabs and Nitre. After the Wheals are open, 'twill not be improper to add Allum and Honey of Ro&s;es. Plantan is al&s;o a noted Specific both again&s;t this Symptom, and that of pi&s;&s;ing Blood.</P>
<P>If the Tongue be ulcerated, apply Honey of Ro&s;es &s;harpen'd with Spirit of Salt, or the following Liniment, <HI>viz.</HI> Take of the Flowers of Holyhocks, half an Ounce; Pomgranat Flowers, two drams; choice Myrrh, a Dram; Allum half a dram; with Hony make a Liniment, or E|lectuary.</P>
<P>If the Lips be much in trouble, anoint 'em with the mu|cilage of the Seeds of Quinces. Sometimes the &s;mall Pox leave mo&s;t ob&s;tinate Ulcers in the Head, Brea&s;ts, and other parts, which elude all common methods, and yield only to Mercurial Salivations.</P>
<P>The Scarlet Feaver is generally referr'd to the Mea&s;les. It invades, for the mo&s;t part, Children, and is occa&s;ion'd by an Ebullition of the Lymph, and attended by the Symp|toms of a Catarrh. It is in &s;ome mea&s;ure acute, and af|ter three or four Days from its beginning, breaks out in the Neck, Shoulders and Brea&s;t, either in the form of an equal redne&s;s re&s;embling a Ro&s;e, or that of di&s;pers'd red Spots, which fall off about the &s;eventh Day like Scales. It is cur'd as the Mea&s;les or &s;mall Pox, but has this peculiar property, that 'tis follow'd by &s;oft &s;wellings in the Face and Legs, that la&s;t for eight Days after its di&s;appearance.</P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 N="7" TYPE="chapter">
<PB N="273" REF="137">
<HEAD>CHAP. VII. <HI>Of the Plague and Pe&s;tilential Fea|vers.</HI></HEAD>
<P>THE Plague is an exalted pitch of Malignity, compa|tible with any Di&s;ea&s;e what&s;oever. In this place we take it for an epidemical, catching, and highly malignant Di&s;|ea&s;e, proceeding from poi&s;onous Mia&s;ma's in the Air, and attended by fiery Botches, Bubo's, Carbuncles, or malig|nant Spots. This Mia&s;m is volatil and &s;pirituous, and fir for encountering Mens Spirits, and defiling the vital Spirit of the Air. Perhaps it approaches near to the nature of Ar|&s;enic. The Pa&s;&s;ions of the Mind, Fear, and Apprehen|&s;ion, &s;ubterranean Damps let loo&s;e by Earth-quakes, Fa|mine, corruption of dead Bodies, and &s;uch like, are its re|mote cau&s;es. When this poi&s;onous Mia&s;m afflicts Man|kind, it joins to the Human Spirits, and di&s;per&s;es it &s;elf where the&s;e meet with the readie&s;t reception; upon which account, Relations are liable to the Contagion, tho' in di&s;tant places; and the Bea&s;ts are &s;ecure, when Mankind falls an univer&s;al Sacrifice.</P>
<P>The Plague is not always accompany'd by a Feaver. When Nature is weak, it yields to the oppre&s;&s;ion, and makes no Feaveri&s;h re&s;i&s;tance. The Symptoms are the &s;ame as tho&s;e of Malignant Feavers, rais'd to the highe&s;t pitch; to which we may add &s;wellings in the Arm-pits, Groin, be|hind the Ears, or in any glandulous place, with a pricking &s;hooting pain in the middle; Botches, and Carbuncles in the Fingers, No&s;trils, Eyes and Lips; &s;ometimes fatal Black-&s;pors, or malignant Ulcers all over the Body; a &s;udden pro&s;tra|tion of &s;trength, violent pains of the Head, without any cau&s;e, or following the pa&s;&s;ion of fear, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> the degeneracy of the Pul&s;e from being large and &s;wift, to a &s;mall, languid, intermitting, unequal &s;tate; and a burning heat within, but moderat on the external &s;urface of the Body. An imminent
<PB N="274" REF="138">Plague is foretold from unwonted &s;warms of In&s;ects re&s;ort|ing to a Country.</P>
<P>The Progno&s;tics of a Plague are very fallacious: 'Tis an acute Di&s;ea&s;e, ending &s;ometimes in Twenty four Hours, &s;ometimes in two, three, or &s;even Days; in general, tho&s;e who are &s;cabby or Pocky are in lea&s;t danger, as being de|fended by their peccant Acid. Preceding Fatigue or Fear are bad Omens. Black livid Spots are a wor&s;e Symptom, than Carbuncles, and the&s;e wor&s;e than Bubo's. Scars or Marks of mortification are always fatal. Many and large Bubo's are a good &s;ign, as al&s;o copious Sweats. But cold Sweats, or many Carbuncles; coldne&s;s of the extream Parts, e&s;pecially the No&s;e; a livid circumference &s;urround|ing the &s;wellings; Carbuncles growing upon Bubo's in places full of Tendons; the imperfect eruption or retreat of the Tumors; a Hiccough &s;ucceeding to the eruption; the white, blue, or livid Colour of Carbuncles, while the Feaver is not abated; Pains of the Throat, and difficulty of &s;wal|lowing, attending Bubo's in the Neck, or behind the Ears; are all fatal Symptoms. If bli&s;tering Plai&s;ters rai&s;e no Bli|&s;ters, 'tis an infallible &s;ign of Death in all Di&s;ea&s;es. If a Cautery applied rai&s;e a white Cru&s;t after the application, or if the place be dry, or not cover'd with Pu&s;hes, and the Botch continue to &s;pread further, or if I&s;&s;ues dry up of a &s;udden, 'tis a de&s;perat ca&s;e. Carbuncles in the Stomac, Guts, Bladder, Eyes, and No&s;trils, are plain indications of Death. Anxiety of the Brea&s;t without a Feaver, frequent &s;neezing, a Loo&s;ene&s;s, Hiccough, Vomiting, Convul|&s;ions, Hoar&s;ene&s;s, a flux of Blood by Urine or Saliva|tion; and in &s;hort, all the di&s;mal circum&s;tances of malig|nant Feavers (related above) are the Companions of fatal Plagues. A continual Co&s;tivene&s;s, and numerous Pu&s;hes, fill'd with laudable Matter, appearing after the Applicati|on of a Cautery to any part, are look'd upon as hopeful Signs.</P>
<P>The Cure divides it &s;elf into two Branches. The fir&s;t is that of pre&s;erving from imminent danger; the &s;econd re|&s;cues from actual Oppre&s;&s;ion. Pre&s;ervatives regard either the Air, the common Vehicle of Contagion, or the Bodies of People. As for the former, the Air is purifi'd by the &s;hooting of Cannon, by burning Gun-powder, or Nitre and Sulphur with Amber, Myrrh, Camphyr, Pitch, Benzoin, and Juniper Berries; by throwing the Mineral acid Spirits, or Vinegar in which Vitriol and Verdigrea&s;e are infus'd,
<PB N="275" REF="138">together with Camphyr, upon hot Bricks; by burning of Goats Horns, and filling the Air with ungrateful Smells, &s;uch as that of a Hou&s;e of Office, of Hogs Dung, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P>The other &s;ort of Pre&s;ervatives, arm the Body and Spirits again&s;t the a&s;&s;aults of the contagious Mia&s;ms. For this end, we ought to avoid fa&s;ting or going abroad before eating. Butter and Rue Leaves, and a draught of good generous Wine, upon which Camphyr has been kindled, are fit to be taken in a Morning: as al&s;o the Mineral acid Spirits, and the acid Juices of Fruits; but above all, Vinegar impreg|nated with the Vertue of Camphyr, Myrrh, Juniper-Ber|ries, Zedoary, and other aromatic Simples. Next to Vi|negar are the &s;ulphureous balmy Ingredients, e&s;pecially Sul|phur, Myrrh, and Amber, which cover the Spirits from the attacks of the morbific Matter, and ought to be taken in a|cid Vehicles. To the&s;e we may add <HI>Opium</HI> and <HI>Dia&s;cordi|um.</HI> Venice Treacle, and &s;uch like hot Compo&s;itions ought to be cautiou&s;ly us'd, and always di&s;&s;olv'd in Vinegar. Su|gar of Lead al&s;o given with Camphyr from four to ten grains, is of excellent u&s;e, but 'tis very volatil, and, if in|di&s;creetly us'd, may accelerat the Di&s;ea&s;e.</P>
<P>Externally, there is nothing equals the cutting of I&s;&s;ues. A Spunge wet with Aromatic Vinegar impregnated with Myrrh and Camphyr, may frequently be applied to the No&s;trils. Let Ginger and Zedoary, or Troches made of Myrrh and Cam|phyr, and Tragacanth di&s;&s;olv'd in Vinegar, be often chew'd and held in the Mouth. Let the Temples, Wri&s;ts, and Brea&s;ts be anointed with the Apop<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ectic Bal&s;am, mix'd with Camphyr; let <HI>Sala</HI>'s <HI>magnes Ar&s;enicalis,</HI> mix'd with Ben|zoin di&s;&s;olv'd in Spirit of Wine, be form'd into Tablets, and hung in a &s;carlet Cloth-Bag upon the Brea&s;t. If the Conta|gion proceed from &s;ubrerranean Damps, let dry'd Toads be hung over the Brea&s;t; If it proceed from the Air, let Spi|ders &s;tand in their room. Some recommend crude Mercury calcin'd by the fumes of Lead for the &s;ame purpo&s;e.</P>
<P>The direct Cure of the Plague con&s;i&s;ts in expelling the poi&s;onous Mia&s;ma's by Alexipharmacal Medicines. For the regular performance of which, the following Cautions will be of u&s;e.</P>
<P N="1">1. Let Sudori&s;ics be repeated every eight Hours even after the eruption of Bubo's or Carbuncles; and after &s;weating, exhibit a Cordial Draught mix'd with acid Spirits, for thickning the Blood, and rallying the di&s;pers'd Spirits.</P>
<P N="2"><PB N="276" REF="139">2. Avoid &s;leep in time of &s;weating, and for that end, apply Vinegar mix'd with Camphyr, or Ca&s;tor, to the No|&s;trils.</P>
<P N="3">3. If the Sudorific cannot procure Sweat, let a hot Loaf of Bread be excavated and fill'd with <HI>Venice</HI> Treacle and Spirit of Wine camphoris'd, and applied to the Stomac, or Navel, the under Cru&s;t being taken off.</P>
<P N="4">4. If ob&s;tinat Watchings threaten Deliriums, and prevent Swea<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">, let <HI>Laudanum Opiatum</HI> be added to Sudorifics, in order to procure &s;leep after &s;weating.</P>
<P N="5">5. If the fermentation be faint and low, <HI>Venice</HI> Treacle and Mithridat are proper. But if the Feaver be high, and attended by a violent heat, they are fitly exchang'd with An|timonial Powders, and lixivious Salts.</P>
<P N="6">6. Acids mix'd with Sudorifics are always proper.</P>
<P N="7">7. Bli&s;tering Plai&s;ters are appli'd with extraordinary &s;uc|ce&s;s to the Neck, Legs and Arms. They ought to be very &s;harp, and after they're remov'd, the Bli&s;ters kept open with the Plai&s;ter of Melilot, cover'd with the Powder of <HI>Cantha|rides.</HI> But if the Bladder be inflam'd, or the Urine hot; if the Patient be very weak, or with Child, or look for her Terms, they are improper.</P>
<P N="8">8. Blood-letting is always pernicious.</P>
<P N="9">9. In the beginning of the Di&s;ea&s;e Vomits are very u&s;e|ful. They ought to be mix'd with Sudorifics. Purgatives and Cly&s;ters are not &s;afe.</P>
<P N="10">10. If the Patient be mole&s;ted with a vomiting, &s;o that Sudorifics cannot be retain'd in the Stomac, let Sweat be forc'd, by applying a hot Loaf as above, and covering up the Body and Face.</P>
<P>The Specifics that are us'd in this Di&s;ea&s;e, are Camphyr given in &s;ub&s;tance, or its Oyl mix'd with Oyl of Amber, and that of Citron Peel, called <HI>Hein&s;ius</HI>'s Oyl; Ivy-Berries, gi|ven to a Dram in Vinegar and Wine; Juniper and Elder Berries, and the Rob of either given in Vinegar; Garlic Heads bruis'd and exhibited in Vinegar; the Blood of a Stork, or its volatil Salt; the Spirit of Harts-horn &s;harp|ned with its own volatil Salt, and given to a Dram; the volatil Salt of Vipers (above all) &s;prinkl'd with Oyl of Amber, and mix'd with Camphyr; Man's Ordure applied externally to Bubo's, and given internally with the Patient's own Urine; Sulphur or its Flowers given to a Dram in an acid Vehicle; or rather the fix'd Sulphurs of Antimony, which in this ca&s;e &s;urpa&s;&s;es all other Medicines; the Oyl
<PB N="277" REF="139">and volatil Salt of Amber; and Dia&s;cordium given to two drams in Aromatic Vinegar.</P>
<P>Take of the Flowers of Sulphur, half a dram; Cinna|bar of Antimony, fifteen Grains; Camphry, &s;ix Grains. Make a Powder. The volatil Salt of Vipers, or that of Harts-horn, or prepar'd Amber may be added by turns.</P>
<P>Take of the Rob of Juniper, three ounces; Dia&s;cordi|um and Mithridat, of each an ounce and a half; <HI>Venice</HI> Treacle, half an ounce; Flowers of Sulphur, two or three ounces; Myrrh, three drams; Frankincen&s;e, &s;ix drams; Camphyr, two drams; Saffron, half a dram; Juice of Ci|trons, half an ounce. Make an Electuary. Do&s;e a dram and a half in a convenient Vehicle.</P>
<P>Take of the Water <HI>Carduus Benedictus,</HI> an Ounce and a half; Vinegar of Wine, &s;ix drams; Dia&s;cordium, a dram and a half; Camphyr, &s;ix grains; Syrup of the Juice of Citrons, half an Ounce. Make a Potion for one or two Do&s;es.</P>
<P>Take of hot Verdigrea&s;e a Pound, &s;prinkle it with three Ounces of di&s;till'd Vinegar; di&s;till through a Retort in Sand, with an inten&s;e heat; then add to the Spirit thus di|&s;till'd, a double quantity of rectifi'd Spirit of Tartar; and half a dram of Camphyr, and a little Opium for every Ounce of the compound Spirit; and let all &s;tand for dige|&s;tion. This is call'd Elixyr <HI>Antiloimicum,</HI> and is of excel|lent u&s;e.</P>
<P>Be&s;ides the univer&s;al Cure of the Plague, it is requi&s;ite al&s;o to have a peculiar regard to its incident Symptoms. As for Bubo's, or &s;wellings of Glandules, they require the application of attracting, ripening, and clean&s;ing Ingredients. If they be black and livid, and threaten a Gangrene, they ought to be cut up with a Launce, without waiting for ma|turation; otherwi&s;e 'twere proper to endeavour their matu|ration, and attract the Poi&s;on, by applying roa&s;ted Onyons, mix'd with Mu&s;tard-&s;eeds; Or in ca&s;e of great Pain, the Juice of Onyons mix'd with <HI>Venice</HI> Treacle and <HI>Soot. Man</HI>'s Ordure, or a Meli&s;ot Plai&s;ter, mix'd with the Powder of dry'd Toads, and that of Amber, from which Spirit of Wine has been thrice evaporated, are much approv'd for the &s;ame u&s;e. But of all Plai&s;ters, <HI>Sala</HI>'s <HI>Magneticum Ar&s;e|nicale,</HI> is the be&s;t. 'Tis prepar'd thus,</P>
<P>Take of crude Antimony, yellow Sulphur and white Ar|&s;enic, of each two Ounces. Set them in hot Sand in a Phiol 'till they melt and become a dusky Ma&s;s. Then
<PB N="278" REF="140">take of this Ma&s;s, <HI>Gum &s;agapanum, Gum Ammoniac,</HI> and <HI>Gal|banum,</HI> of each three Drams; Turpentin, and Wax of each half an Ounce; di&s;till'd Oyl of Amber, two Drams; dul|cifi'd Spirit of Vitriol, a Dram. Di&s;&s;olve the Gums in Vi|negar, then &s;train 'em through a Linnen Cloth, and thick|en 'em again. Melt the Turpentin and Wax apart, then add the Gums, and make a Plai&s;ter according to Art.</P>
<P>This Plai&s;ter will rai&s;e a malignant Cru&s;t, which ought to be taken off by applying the Ointment of Ba&s;ilicon, mix'd with <HI>Venice</HI> Treacle. If the Skin be thick, and the &s;wel|ling lie &s;o low that the Plai&s;ter cannot reach it, let a &s;harp bli&s;tering Plai&s;ter be fir&s;t applied; or, if that be ineffectual, a Cautery of quick Lime, and <HI>Spani&s;h</HI> Soap, that &s;o the Plai|&s;ter may operat more freely. If it cau&s;e an Inflammation, let foft'ning Catapla&s;ms be applied above the Plai&s;ter, 'till the Cru&s;t come off. After the &s;welling is open'd, it ought to be cleans'd by the Infu&s;ion of Birth-wort, Myrrh, Aloe, and Saffron in Spirit of Wine Tartaris'd; Or Bal&s;am of <HI>Peru,</HI> and Bal&s;am of Sulphur, mix'd with Treacle; and ap|plying <HI>empla&s;trum Album,</HI> mix'd with Oyl of Tobacco. Af|ter 'tis &s;ufficiently cleans'd, apply <HI>Rulandus</HI>'s Plai&s;ter <HI>Dia&s;ul|phuris</HI> for con&s;olidation. In all Compo&s;itions relating to pe&s;tilent glandulous Swellings, Mercury, Vinegar, <HI>Opium</HI> and Lead ought to be avoided.</P>
<P>Carbuncles are the beginning of a Mortification, which di|&s;plays it &s;elf with a purple Colour, &s;urrounded with a red or livid Circumference, incroaching gradually upon the adjacent parts, 'till the mortifi'd part fall off. In order to prevent their &s;preading, let a Circle be drawn round 'em with an E|merald &s;tone, 'till the part become livid; then touch the point or top with Butter of Antimony; and when the Cru&s;t appears, apply <HI>Sala</HI>'s Plai&s;ter, call'd <HI>Magneticum Ar|&s;enicale.</HI> Some chu&s;e to open it fir&s;t with an actual Caute|ry, and then apply either this Plai&s;ter, or attracting and e|mollient Catapla&s;ms of Garlic, Water <HI>Germander,</HI> Mar&s;h|mallows, Meal of Lentils, Berries of the Herb <HI>Paris,</HI> Pi|geon's Dung, Black Soap and Hony; or, in ca&s;e of great pain, the Plai&s;ter of Hounds Tongue: But, after all, be &s;ure to avoid fat things. After the Matter is evacuated, apply a Catapla&s;m of Comfrey Roots boil'd, or the Oint|ment of Ba&s;ilicon, with Bal&s;am of Sulphur and Treacle, or a Catapla&s;m of Comfrey Roots boil'd.</P>
<PB N="279" REF="140">
<P>The &s;ymptom of Heat is but &s;eldom violent in Malignant Feavers, or at lea&s;t ought not to be much re&s;train'd, for fear of repre&s;&s;ing the cuticular eruptions. If nece&s;&s;ity re|quire that it &s;hould be moderated, Antimonial Nitre, and all nitrous Medicines taken inwardly, and applied outward|ly with Juice of Hou&s;e-leek and Ro&s;e-water to the Wri&s;ts, Fore-head, and Temples, will an&s;wer the De&s;ign.</P>
<P>Head-aches, Watchings, and Deliriums are frequently the Companions of pe&s;tilential Feavers. If they happen in the beginning, they require a Cure; but if their fir&s;t appea|rance be put off 'till towards the time of the Cri&s;is, 'tis not &s;afe to oppo&s;e 'em. If the hinder part of the Head be particularly affected, it &s;ignifies a peculiar di&s;order of the Head and Animal Spirits, independent of the Feaver. If the Head-ache &s;eize chiefly the fore part, or be attended by anxiety of the Brea&s;t, and unquietne&s;s, it proceeds from the Stomac, and ought to be prevented by Vomits, and &s;ome|times Cly&s;ters in the beginning of the Di&s;ea&s;e. However, for mitigating the&s;e Symptoms, let Catapla&s;ms of Rue-leaves, Raddi&s;h-roots, Salt, Pigeons Dung, and Elder Vinegar be applied to the &s;oles of the Feet, and palms of the Hands; or the Temples and Forehead fomented with the di&s;&s;olution of Nitre in &s;ome convenient Water, or anointed with the Ointment of Alaba&s;ter, and expre&s;s'd Oyl of Poppies, but &s;o as to have a care of &s;topping the Pores, and hindering tran&s;piration. Inwardly, exhibit the emul&s;ions of the Cold Seeds, Poppy Seeds, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> An<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> add Opium to the other Specifics, after the fir&s;t two or three Days are elaps'd.</P>
<P>If a Drou&s;ine&s;s and inclination to &s;leep attend the Pe&s;t, let Opium, Treacle, and all Compo&s;itions partaking of it, be avoided; let Tincture of Ca&s;ter and Vinegar be frequent|ly taken inwardly, and applied to the No&s;e; or Frankin|cen&s;e, Bayberries, and Pepper, beaten up with the Yelk of an Egg, be applied to the Fore-head.</P>
<P>A &s;ymptomatical bleeding at No&s;e, is cur'd by applying a Toad under the Arm-pits, wa&s;hing the Hands and Feet with Vinegar; applying to the Forehead, Neck, and Tem|ples, Catapla&s;ms of Chalk and Potters Clay, beat up with Vinegar; and giving inwardly large quantities of Nitre, Spirit of Vitriol, Spirit of Salt, and Opiats mix'd with a&s;tringent Juleps. After the Bleeeding is &s;top'd, a gentle laxative may be exhibited, if other Circum&s;tances allow of it. Thir&s;t is al&s;o abated by Nitre, e&s;pecially <HI>Nitrum
<PB N="280" REF="141">Antimoniatum,</HI> or clarify'd Whey, with Juice of Citrons mix'd with the Spirit of Salt, and Gelly of Hartshorn. A gnawing at Heart, and vomiting, is cur'd by the follow|ing Electuary.</P>
<P>Take of the Con&s;erve of Mint vitriolated, Con&s;erve of the Pulp of Citrons, of each an ounce and a half; pre|&s;erv'd Citron-peel, and Dia&s;cordium, of each &s;ix drams; Confection <HI>Alkermes,</HI> two drams; Salt of Wormwood, a dram; with the Juice of Quinces. Make an Electuary. In the mean while, foment the Stomac with a mixture of the Spirit of Wine, Apoplectic-water, <HI>Venice</HI> Treacle, and Camphyr; or anoint it with expre&s;s'd Oil of Nutmegs, and the di&s;till'd Oyls of Wormwood and Mace, and apply afterwards the Plai&s;ter of <HI>Caranna,</HI> or that of <HI>Tacamahac,</HI> mix'd with <HI>Venice</HI> Treacle, and Bal&s;am of <HI>Peru.</HI></P>
<P>A Loo&s;ene&s;s or griping of the Guts attending a Plague, are accounted for, by exhibiting <HI>Dia&s;cordium, Opium,</HI> ab|&s;orbent Powders, Extract of Treacle, or that of Tormen|til, Camphyr, Vinegar, and dulcifi'd Spirit of Salt. A &s;up|pre&s;&s;ion of Urine happening about the <HI>Cri&s;is,</HI> is a token of critical &s;weats. If it a&s;&s;ault the Patient at any other time, let the Pubes be anointed with Oyl of Scorpions, and Oint|ment of Mar&s;hmallows, and all bli&s;tering Plai&s;ters omitted. Swooning, palpitation of the Heart, and anxiety proceeding from the Stomac, are alleviated by ab&s;orbent Powders. If they proceed from clotted Blood, or the convul&s;ive motion of the Spirits, let the Confection <HI>Alkermes,</HI> Ca&s;tor, Spirit of Harts-horn, and that of <HI>Sal-Armoniac,</HI> be exhibited: exter|nally &s;prinkle the Face and Temples with cephalic mixtures, join'd to Ca&s;tor and Vinegar of Ro&s;es.</P>
<P>A <HI>Prunella,</HI> or <HI>Quin&s;ey</HI> is mitigated by applying outwardly to the Neck, a Bag quilted with Elder-flowers, and Saf|ron &s;prinkl'd with Spirit of <HI>Sal-Armoniac;</HI> or gargling the Mouth with the Decoction of <HI>Germander, Self-heal,</HI> and red Ro&s;es in Barley-water, mix'd with <HI>Nitre</HI> and <HI>Sal-Armoniac.</HI></P>
<P>As for the Spots re&s;embling Flea-bitings, which frequently appear in the Back, Arms, and Legs, the above mention'd Sudorifics, e&s;pecially Myrrh, Ca&s;tor, Camphyr, and the vo|latil Salts, are mo&s;t proper. All manner of Cold mu&s;t be carefully avoided, and the Body rub'd all over every Day, with a Bag of hot Salt, or &s;alt Petre, and cupping-gla&s;&s;es frequently applyed to the Back, Arms and Legs, and fre|quently taken off.</P>
</DIV4>
</DIV3>
<DIV3 N="16" TYPE="section">
<PB N="281" REF="141">
<HEAD>SECT. XVI. <HI>Of Di&s;orders relating to the motion of the Blood, from the Heart to the Extreme Parts.</HI></HEAD>
<P>HAving thus di&s;patch'd the Di&s;orders relating to the Fer|mentation or inte&s;tin motion of the Blood, we come now in order to con&s;ider tho&s;e of its circular progre&s;s. The Blood receiving new Life in the Lungs, throws it &s;elf with fre&s;h vigour into the left Ventricle of the Heart, inlarges its Capacity, and di&s;tends its Fibres. This di&s;tention or irrita|tion of the Fibres of the Heart, occa&s;ions an unwonted crowd of Spirits, which repair thither from the Brain, con|tract the whole Heart, &s;traiten its Cavity, and impetuou&s;ly &s;queeze out the Blood into the great Artery. In like man|ner, the di&s;tention of the Artery, caus'd by the eruption of the Blood, &s;olicits the Spirits to &s;ally out, and contract their offended Fibres, and drive the blood forwards, 'till it ar|rive at the Veins; thro' which it &s;teers an ea&s;ie Cour&s;e to the Heart, moving, without offence or irritation, from nar|row Pa&s;&s;ages into broader Channels; &s;o that the Veins, who&s;e Tunicles are &s;oft, and not over-touchy, are in no danger of being provok'd to Contractions, by a languid impoveri&s;h'd Ma&s;s.</P>
<P>This &s;ucce&s;&s;ive contraction and dilatation of the Heart and Arteries, call'd by the Ancients <HI>Sy&s;tole</HI> and <HI>Dia&s;tole;</HI> the former occa&s;ion'd by the Spirits repairing to them, and the latter by the violent irruption of Blood, are what we call the Pul&s;e. This we generally inquire af|ter, where the Arteries are mo&s;t acce&s;&s;ible, <HI>viz.</HI> About the Wri&s;ts, Temples, and Ancles, in order to di&s;cover the &s;tate of the Blood. And if we find the Artery much di|lated by turgid Blood, we call it a large Pul&s;e; if the
<PB N="282" REF="142">if the Blood move forcibly and impetuou&s;ly, we term it <HI>&s;trong;</HI> if the Arteries yield to the touch, and do not &s;eem to re&s;i&s;t or rebound, we &s;tile it a <HI>Soft</HI> Pul&s;e: If the Blood move &s;wiftly, the Pul&s;e is <HI>Frequent;</HI> and if the Heart and Arteries be &s;uddenly, and much irrita|ted, 'tis <HI>Quick:</HI> Now <HI>Small, Weak, Hard,</HI> un|frequent and flow Pul&s;es, are the direct rever&s;e of the&s;e.</P>
<P>Circulation is of u&s;e to renew the &s;trength of the Blood in the Lungs, and &s;upply all the Parts of the Body with Nouri&s;hment. For 'tis the united Ma&s;s of Blood and Chyle that furni&s;hes the &s;permatic parts with Chyle or milky imperfect Blood, and tho&s;e that are &s;an|guin with fini&s;h'd Blood, according to the natural De|mand of the re&s;pective Parts.</P>
<DIV4 N="1" TYPE="chapter">
<HEAD>CHAP. I. <HI>Of the Palpitation and trembling of the Heart.</HI></HEAD>
<P>WHEN the Blood circulats thro' the Heart, it occa|&s;ions a regular <HI>Sy&s;tole</HI> and <HI>Dia&s;tole.</HI> But a palpita|tion of the Heart is a di&s;orderly convul&s;ive, unequal, vehe|ment Contraction, and &s;ometimes &s;carce perceivable in the Arteries, tho', at other times, exalted to that pitch, that it makes an audible noi&s;e. A trembling of the Heart is a weak imperfect Contraction.</P>
<P>Both are equally owing to the irritation of the Heart, but with this difference, that a palpitation is attended by a vio|lent and re&s;i&s;ting &s;trength, and a trembling by a yielding weak|ne&s;s. This irritation is &s;ometimes the effect of the &s;harpne&s;s, or over-bearing quantity of <HI>Serum,</HI> or of Worms in the Heart-pur&s;e; or of little Wheals or Excre&s;cences within and about the Heart, or great Arteries; &s;ometimes it proceeds from little Clotts of Blood left by the vicious Ma&s;s in the
<PB N="283" REF="142">Heart, or from a provoking <HI>Acid</HI> prevailing in the Ma&s;s of Blood, as it pa&s;&s;es along or from its irregular and une|qual turge&s;cence. Upon which account, the &s;uppre&s;&s;ion of the Terms, the <HI>Scurvy</HI> and Hypocondriac Sickne&s;s are fre|quently follow'd by palpitations of the Heart. Sometimes it takes its ri&s;e from the &s;low and &s;tagnating condition of the Blood, and by con&s;equence, from whatever cro&s;&s;es or thwarts the circular progre&s;s. But of all its Cau&s;es, the mo&s;t fre|quent, is the occa&s;ional di&s;order of the Nerves and Animal Spirits, occa&s;ion'd either by Fear, Anger, &s;trong Smells, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Or by hy&s;teric and hypocondriac Pa&s;&s;ions, and the indi&s;po&s;ition of the Spleen: For the Nerves of the Heart, and tho&s;e of the lower Belly, e&s;pecially of the Spleen, en|tertain a mutual Commerce; by vertue of which the con|traction of the&s;e Nerves is continued to the Heart, and in its progre&s;s, re&s;embles the a&s;cent of Fumes or Steams from the Spleen and Inte&s;tins. The facility of this communica|tion is much inhanc'd by the &s;corbutic or acid Con&s;titution of the Blood, which is equally di&s;pos'd to provoke both the Nerves of the Heart, and tho&s;e of the Bowels.</P>
<P>As for <HI>Diagno&s;tics.</HI> A palpitation of the Heart is di&s;co|ver'd by laying one's Hand upon the Brea&s;t. If it proceed from a <HI>Drop&s;y</HI> of the <HI>Pericardium,</HI> or Ob&s;tructions in and about the Heart; the Pul&s;e is &s;mall and &s;low, re&s;piration diffi|cult, and the Body inclining to a Con&s;umption, and Hectic Feaver. If it proceed from Worms in the Heart-Pur&s;e, it re|turns without manife&s;t cau&s;e, the Brea&s;t is mole&s;ted with gnaw|ing, pricking, corroding pains; the Patient is frequently trou|bl'd with a pale Countenance, intermitting Pul&s;e, and a prodi|gious unquietne&s;s, and &s;ometimes &s;udden &s;woonings, or epi|leptic Fits. If it take its ri&s;e from the hypocondriac Di&s;ea&s;e, it is frequently interrupted; and when it comes, is u&s;her'd in by a murmuring noi&s;e in the Belly, or attended by di&s;|orderly Symptoms in the <HI>Abdomen,</HI> and a &s;en&s;e of con&s;tri|ction of the Heart, as if it were &s;queez'd betwixt two Hands. If it flow from a &s;corbutic Original, it does not in|vade when the Per&s;on lies quietly in Bed, but upon the lea&s;t motion of Hand or Foot, di&s;plays it &s;elf, and is fre|quently accompany'd by &s;woonings. A trembling of the Heart is attended by a pro&s;tration of &s;trength, and an une|qual, weak, langui&s;hing Pul&s;e.</P>
<PB N="284" REF="143">
<P>The Remi&s;&s;ion or intermi&s;&s;ion of the Pul&s;e, following a Palpitation of the Heart, progno&s;ticates Swoonings. If a Palpitation proceed from a &s;corbutic cau&s;e, or accompany malignant Symptoms, 'tis very dangerous. If it be occa&s;i|on'd by Worms in the <HI>Pericardium,</HI> or Excre&s;cences in the Heart or adjacent parts, 'tis incurable. If it happen in one's Youth, it prevents Old Age.</P>
<P>The Indications for Cure, are to remove the irritating cau&s;e. <HI>Opium</HI> impairs only the &s;en&s;e of irritation, but has no influence upon the cau&s;e it &s;elf; wherefore it ought to be very cautiou&s;ly us'd, e&s;pecially, con&s;idering that a Palpi|tation or trembling is frequently attended by a notable weakne&s;s. In <HI>hypocondriac,</HI> or <HI>Scorbutic</HI> ca&s;es, perhaps it may not be improper. Blood-letting is al&s;o dangerous; yet if the &s;tagnation of the Blood give ri&s;e to the Di&s;ea&s;e, or if the Patient be young, and the Blood boil high, 'tis in &s;ome mea&s;ure allowable; as when a Palpitation is caus'd by Fear, &s;uppre&s;&s;ing of wonted evacuations, or a violent com|motion of the Body.</P>
<P>Of all Palpitations of the Heart, tho&s;e of a convul&s;ive Character, that &s;pring from <HI>Scorbutic,</HI> or <HI>Hypochondriac</HI> cau|&s;es, or, in a word, from prevailing <HI>Acid,</HI> are the mo&s;t fre|quent, and require a particular regard. Earthy Ingredients, Steel, and volatil Salts, are Medicins mo&s;t in u&s;e, again&s;t the&s;e and all other &s;orts of <HI>Palpitations.</HI> The Tincture of Coral, prepar'd with a <HI>Men&s;truum</HI> of <HI>May</HI>-Dew, or Snow, and mix'd with &s;ome cordial Liquor, is an univer&s;al Speci|fic. Now, of the Cordial Ingredients, Baum is the Head. Its Spirit, or <HI>primum Ens,</HI> or the E&s;&s;ence of Amber-gri&s;e extracted with it, is an admirable &s;upport for decaying Na|ture. The Leaves of Baum, and tho&s;e of Borrage, &s;prink|led with Ro&s;e-water and Vinegar, are applied outwardly to the Heart, with good &s;ucce&s;s. Next to Baum are Cloves, Citrons, Orange-peel, Ro&s;emary, Zedoary, Elecampane, Dill, and their various productions. The E&s;&s;ence of Saf|fron given inwardly, and a Bag of Saffron and Camphyr hung over the pit of the Brea&s;t, are of good u&s;e. The E&s;|&s;ence of Ambergri&s;e and Mo&s;ch, are celebrated Medicins; but Ambergri&s;e injoys a &s;tupifying quality, which may be extingui&s;h'd by putting it into fermentation, as in the prepa|ration of <HI>Spiritus Ro&s;arum Ambratus.</HI> Be&s;ides, there are &s;ome &s;tudious Men, and hy&s;teric Women that are ea&s;ily offended by this, and all other oily volatil Salts; in the room of which, we may &s;ub&s;titute the meagre thin Salts, &s;uch as
<PB N="285" REF="143">the Spirit of <HI>Sal-Armoniac,</HI> and dulcifi'd Spirit of Nitre. The E&s;&s;ence of Juniper-berries prepar'd with their own Spi|rit; the carminative &s;pirit <HI>de tribus;</HI> the volatil Salt of Vipers; the &s;pirit and volatil &s;alt of Harts-horn; the &s;pirit, volatil Salt, and di&s;till'd Oyl of Amber; the E&s;&s;ence of Ca&s;tor mix'd with Camphyr, the Oyl of Cinnamon, the Syrup of the filings of Steel, Whey, and all <HI>anti-hypocondriac</HI> Ingredients are much approv'd. Externally, in a <HI>Hy&s;teric</HI> or <HI>Splenetic</HI> Palpi|tation, we apply the &s;ame things as are proper again&s;t the Cau&s;es.</P>
<P>Take of prepar'd red Coral, native Cinnabar, and cha|lybeat diaphoretic Antimony, half a &s;cruple; volatil &s;alt of Harts-horn, three grains; di&s;till'd Oyl of Cloves, a drop. Make a Powder.</P>
<P>Take of the Tincture of Coral prepar'd with the &s;pirit of Stags-heart, two drams; the &s;pirit of Ro&s;es impregnated with Ambergri&s;e, a dram. Do&s;e thirty or &s;orty drops in Cinnamon-water.</P>
<P>Take of Cinnamon-water impregnated with Quinces, an ounce; the Cordial-water of Saxony an Ounce; E&s;&s;ence of Juniper Berries, two drams; E&s;&s;ence of Saffron, half an ounce; Spirit of <HI>Venice Treacle</HI> camphoris'd, a dram; di|&s;till'd Oyl of Cinnamon (for Men) or of Amber (for Wo|men) four drops, &s;hake and mix them. Do&s;e a &s;poonful or two.</P>
<P>Oft-times not only the Heart, but the Arteries, e&s;pecially that leading to the Spleen, and that of the Temples, are &s;eiz'd with a palpitation. The cau&s;e is an inflammation of the Place, or &s;tagnation of the Blood, or Convul&s;ions of the Spleen and adjacent parts, affecting the Tunicles of the Ar|tery. The fir&s;t two are remov'd by Sudorifics, and the la&s;t by Steel and <HI>anti-hypochondriac</HI> Medicines.</P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 N="2" TYPE="chapter">
<PB N="286" REF="144">
<HEAD>CHAP. II. <HI>Of Swoonings.</HI></HEAD>
<P>THere are three kinds, or rather degrees of Swooning; <HI>viz. Lipothymia, Syncope,</HI> and <HI>A&s;phyxia.</HI> In a <HI>Lipothymia,</HI> be&s;ide that the Pul&s;e is weaker and le&s;s, the Sen&s;es both in|ternal and external are eclips'd, and animal Motion, both voluntary and natural, does in a manner fail; all which &s;ymp|toms go ea&s;ily off again, and the Patient is re&s;tor'd to health. In a <HI>Syncope</HI> the &s;ymptoms are more tragical, the Pul&s;e, Sen&s;e and bodily Motion are quite extingui&s;h'd, Re&s;piration is &s;carce perceivable, the Heart is much oppre&s;s'd, a cold clammy Sweat and Palene&s;s covers the Body; and &s;ometimes the Ex|crements come away of their own accord. In an <HI>A&s;phyxia</HI> all things are yet wor&s;e; &s;o that the Patient lies as one dead, without any Pul&s;e, or &s;ign of Life. Now in order to di&s;cover the cau&s;e of this diminution of the Pul&s;e and want of Strength, we mu&s;t call to mind, that the vital force of our Body is founded radically in the Blood, but exerts it &s;elf by its mo&s;t &s;ubtile, a|ctive and moveable part, call'd the Spirits; which being vo|latiliz'd by the in&s;pired Air in the Brea&s;t, like Rays of Light, are diffus'd through the whole Body, either in a <HI>vital</HI> Capaci|ty, together with the Blood in the Arteries, or &s;eparately by the Brain and Nerves, under the Character of <HI>animal</HI> Spi|rits.</P>
<P>When therefore the Blood, by rea&s;on of its le&s;s quantity, or vi&s;cidity and acidity, or want of active Salts, is unfit to undergo the vital Fermentation in the Brea&s;t, the Spirits mu&s;t of nece&s;&s;ity fail; whence en&s;ues a weakne&s;s and langui&s;hing, that &s;teals on by degrees. This vicious con&s;titution of the Blood is oftentimes occa&s;ion'd by &s;ome error in Diet after a|cute Di&s;ea&s;es, or follows the indi&s;creet management of chro|nical Di&s;tempers, &s;uppo&s;ing the Blood to be rob'd of its Spi|rits, and the Chyle to be over power'd with Crudities, ari|&s;ing from the weakne&s;s of the &s;tomachical Ferment and flatne&s;s of the Bile.</P>
<PB N="287" REF="144">
<P>But if on a &s;udden the vital fermentation of the Blood in the brea&s;t is interrupted, and by con&s;equence the luminous Ray of the vital and animal Spirits fail; or if incident external Objects pour di&s;order and confu&s;ion on the animal Spirits: then follows a &s;udden pro&s;tration of Strength, and ce&s;&s;ation of Sen&s;e and Motion, which according to its various degrees, is call'd either <HI>Lipothymia, Syncope,</HI> or <HI>A&s;phyxia.</HI> Now the vital fermentation of the Blood is interrupted, either by immoderat evacuations of any Humour or Juice &s;uch as the Blood, &s;eminal Liquor, hydropic Water, corrupt Mat|ter, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> or by its coagulation, occa&s;ion'd by Poi&s;on, or the unfriendly mia&s;ms of corrupt Matter i&s;&s;uing froman Impo&s;t|hume in the Heart.</P>
<P>The external Objects that di&s;order the Spirits, are &s;uch as excite violent and &s;udden pa&s;&s;ions of the Mind, as Frights, Grief, Joy, Anger; al&s;o &s;trong and di&s;agreeable Smells, the &s;ight of Animals to which we have a natural Antipathy, and whatever affects the upper Orifice of the Stomac, which by con&s;ent influences all the other Nerves of the Body: Up|on which occa&s;ions, the Spirits are hindered in their wonted motions, either by oppre&s;&s;ion or fixation, as in &s;udden Frights; or di&s;&s;ipation, as in exce&s;&s;ive &s;udden Joy; or devia|tion, as in Cramps and Convul&s;ions of the Heart.</P>
<P>A weakne&s;s and langui&s;hing without any manife&s;t cau&s;e, progno&s;ticats the &s;udden inva&s;ion of Di&s;ea&s;es, e&s;pecially tho&s;e of a Scorbutic Character. If it &s;ucceed to acute Di&s;ea&s;es, it threatens either a Relap&s;e, Drop&s;ie, or intermitting Feaver. In the beginning of any Di&s;ea&s;e, 'tis a &s;ign of Maligni|ty.</P>
<P><HI>Syncope</HI>'s and <HI>Lipothymi</HI>'s are more or le&s;s dangerous, accord|ing to the mea&s;ure of their duration and the character of their &s;ymptoms; and if after the u&s;e of &s;uitable means the Patient is not awak'd, they prove dangerous: Tho&s;e occa&s;ion'd by an effu&s;ion of Blood, or other Humours, are &s;afer than o|thers that &s;pring from an internal acute Cau&s;e. If they are attended by angui&s;h of Heart and re&s;tle&s;sne&s;s, they proceed from the Stomac, and are le&s;s fatal when the left &s;ide of the orifice is affected. In fine, the more clammy and copious the cold Sweat is, &s;o much the more dangerous is the <HI>Syncope.</HI></P>
<P>The Cure is compa&s;s'd by the continu'd u&s;e of volatil Aro|matic Medicines, which promote the vital Fermentation, exalt the Blood, &s;harpen the unactive Bile, remove the clammine&s;s of the Blood; and withal, re&s;tore the dige&s;tive force of the Stomac. Such are the Spirit of Wine, or gene|rous
<PB N="288" REF="145">Wines, impregnated with vegetable Aromatics; as,</P>
<P>Take of Ro&s;emary, curl'd Mint, of each a Handful; Sage and Baum, of each half a handful; Roots of the genuin A|corus, Elecampane and Fennel an Ounce; the four le&s;&s;er hot Seeds, of each a Dram; Cinnamon, Cubebs, Cloves, Mace, of each two Drams; cut, brui&s;e, and tye them in a Bag, to be infus'd in Wine; of which take a draught in the Morn|ing fa&s;ting, and at Meals. In &s;corbutical and hypochon|driac ca&s;es, Scurvy-gra&s;s, Cre&s;&s;es, Peper-wort, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> may be added, together with &s;ome drops of the Spirit of <HI>Sal-Ar|moniac</HI> ani&s;ated, dropt into each draught.</P>
<P>We may al&s;o u&s;e &s;tomachical E&s;&s;ences and Elixirs, <HI>Aqua Vitae,</HI> aploplectic and epileptic Waters, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Volatil oily Salts, and a hundred &s;uch like, to be taken thrice a Day, Morning, Noon, and at Bed-time; and al&s;o before eating.</P>
<P>Now as to &s;udden fainting and &s;wooning, we mu&s;t en|deavour, when the Fit is pre&s;ent to remove it, and when 'tis over, to prevent its relap&s;e.</P>
<P>There are three &s;orts of Medicins in u&s;e during the Fit. <HI>viz.</HI></P>
<P N="1">1. Spirituous, &s;ulphurous and oily ones; &s;uch are all in|flamable Aromatic Spirits prepar'd by fermentation, di|&s;till'd Aromatic Oyls, and compound apoplectic Waters.</P>
<P N="2">2. Spirituous <HI>Alcali</HI>'s, &s;harp volatil urinous Spirits and Salts, which are always the better for being well charg'd with Oyl.</P>
<P N="3">3. Sharp volatil Acids, e&s;pecially Vinegar, which wakens the Sen&s;es, and rallies the di&s;&s;ipated Spirits. Sometimes we join 'em to <HI>Opiats,</HI> for &s;taying the convul&s;ive motions of the Spirits.</P>
<P>Thus the Principal Remedies u&s;ed in a <HI>Syncope,</HI> are Gene|rous Wines; Cinnamon, its Water and di&s;till'd Oyl, and all its preparations; all Apoplectic Waters; Spirit of <HI>Lilly</HI> of the <HI>Valley</HI> prepar'd by fermentation; &s;pirit of <HI>Venice</HI> Treacle, both &s;imple and compound; di&s;till'd Oyl of Cloves; Cor|dial and <HI>Apoplectic</HI> Bal&s;ams; all volatil Salts; &s;pirit of Stagg's Heart, &s;pirit of Harts-horn prepar'd with Amber; &s;pirit of Ro&s;es prepar'd with Amber; to which, if the Salt of Vi|pers, or that of Amber is added, 'tis almo&s;t an infallible Remedy.</P>
<P>Moreover, the Elixir of Citrons, or their Spirit, &s;harpen'd with the volatil &s;alt of Harts-horn, the quinte&s;&s;ences of Baum and <HI>Angelica;</HI> the E&s;&s;ence of Saffron mix'd with a grain or two of volatil Salt of Harts-horn; the Tincture of Coral
<PB N="289" REF="145">prepar'd with &s;pirit of Stagg's Heart; the Tincture of Gold, the volatil Salts impregnated with di&s;till'd aromatic Oyls, &s;uch as rectified &s;pirit of <HI>Sal-Armoniac,</HI> joined with aroma|tick &s;pirit of Wine, are all of excellent u&s;e, if exhibited in convenient Vehicles, &s;uch as Baum-water prepar'd with Wine, Penny-royal and Cinnamon-water; <HI>Aqua Vitae,</HI> or <HI>Matthio|lus</HI>'s Elixir <HI>vitae,</HI> Water of Stagg's Heart, <HI>Myn&s;icht</HI>'s hot cordial Water; and for Women, Swallow-water with Ca|&s;tor, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> to which may be added, Camphyr, or &s;pirit of Treacle camphoris'd.</P>
<P>As for <HI>Acids,</HI> we u&s;e &s;piritous and Generous Wine, the Juice of Citrons, Juice or Syrup of Rasberries, con&s;erve of the Pulp of Citrons mix'd with Dia&s;cordium, Vinegar im|pregnated with Ca&s;tor, Vinegar of Marigold-flowers, or the Flowers of the Lilly of the Valley, or tho&s;e of Elder, of Rue, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> As for <HI>Narcotics, Helmont</HI>'s <HI>Laudanum Opiatum,</HI> (in a &s;mall Do&s;e) <HI>Venice</HI> Treacle, <HI>Mithridat,</HI> Extract of Treacle, and &s;uch like Compo&s;itions are proper.</P>
<P>In the u&s;e of the&s;e Remedies, we mu&s;t have a principal regard to the antecedent Cau&s;es: For example, if the <HI>Syn|cope</HI> is caus'd by poy&s;on, proper Antidotes mu&s;t be added, and a Vomit exhibited, e&s;pecially when the Poy&s;on lurks in the fir&s;t pa&s;&s;ages: When the Cau&s;e is lodg'd in the Sto|mac, or Abdomen, Vomits are al&s;o proper. <HI>Hy&s;teric</HI> cau|&s;es require Zedoary, Ca&s;tor, volatil Salts, and other <HI>Hy&s;teric</HI> Remedies.</P>
<P>Externally the &s;ame Remedies are appli'd to the No&s;trils, Temples, Pul&s;e, Lips, and pit of the Stomac: The Water of Lilly of the Valley, the Apoplectic Bal&s;am, Oyl of Cinna|mon, and that of Citrons, Oyl of Amber, and Oyl of Cloves are the common Specifics for that u&s;e; &s;ome &s;ay that Fumi|gation with Amber alone, is of notable efficacy.</P>
<P>If the <HI>Syncope</HI> and <HI>Lipothimia</HI> proceed from unrea&s;on|able evacuations, exce&s;&s;ive Sweating, Heat, Labour, Fatigue, Anger, Joy, or ungrateful &s;mells; let Acids be exhi|bited, as al&s;o a Vomit, if there be occa&s;ion. The Swoon|ings of malignant Feavers are accounted for, by exhibiting Camphyr in a &s;mall quantity, mix'd with <HI>Laudanum Opia|tum,</HI> and other Antidots. When they are occa&s;ion'd by frights, exce&s;&s;ive Bleeding, or immoderat &s;adne&s;s, &s;pirituous oily Remedies take place; and if the Paroxi&s;m is dange|rous, a Vein may be open'd: If we fear a <HI>Syncope</HI> from an exce&s;&s;ive flux of the terms, Opiats join'd with Acids, and prepar'd Coral, are of excellent u&s;e. For Old
<PB N="290" REF="146">Per&s;ons, there's nothing equals the following Powder, <HI>Viz.</HI></P>
<P>Take of Ambergri&s;e, or Musk, eight grains, which di&s;|&s;olve in twelve drops of Oyl of Cinnamon, and half a Scruple of Oyl of Cardamums; add prepar'd Pearl, half a Scruple; white&s;t Sugar-candy, two ounces. Make a Powder.</P>
</DIV4>
</DIV3>
<DIV3 N="17" TYPE="section">
<HEAD>SECT. XVII. <HI>Of Nutrition.</HI></HEAD>
<P>THE eternal motion of our active Principles, di&s;turbs the repo&s;e of the &s;olid Parts, unties their Bonds, and expo&s;es 'em to decay. In order to repair this their lo&s;s, the Blood laden with Chyle, being fini&s;h'd in the left Ven|tricle of the Heart, &s;ets out from thence, and makes a Tour round the Body; it vi&s;its every Part, and mea&s;ures out &s;uitable Recruits, which are &s;train'd thro' the Pores of the Part, and <HI>nouri&s;h</HI> it by way of appo&s;ition; or el&s;e ferment with the Guardian Spirits that defend the Place, and being thereby coagulated, and transform'd into a likene&s;s with the Part, con&s;olidat and give occa&s;ion to its <HI>growth.</HI></P>
<P>Thus all the Members of the Body are either augment|ed in our Youth, or nouri&s;h'd and pre&s;erv'd from decay, during the remainder of our lives. Now, the hindrances of a regular Nutrition, are &s;uch as relate either to the deficiency or want of due Nouri&s;hment; or to its redun|dancy, or to its depravation.</P>
<DIV4 N="1" TYPE="chapter">
<PB N="291" REF="146">
<HEAD>CHAP. I. <HI>Of a Con&s;umption and Phthi&s;ic.</HI></HEAD>
<P>NUtrition is deficient when the Bones, Cartilages, and Membranes wither; and the Fat and mu&s;cular Fle&s;h, which are only capable of Con&s;umption, are accordingly con&s;um'd. If the Fat alone be melted down, it amounts to no more than a leanne&s;s; but if the dewy Mu&s;cles are con|&s;um'd without re&s;toration, we call it a <HI>Tabes,</HI> or form'd Con&s;umption.</P>
<P>The Cau&s;es of a Con&s;umption relate either to the Spirits or nutritious Juice. The former are the deficiency or di&s;&s;ipation of the Spirits; the one caus'd by the vicious Cra&s;is of Blood, or Indi&s;po&s;ition of the Brain; the other by Fatigue, Venery, Study, or Grief. Tho&s;e relating to the nutritious Matter, are fir&s;t its defect, occa&s;ion'd by the &s;carcity or want of proper Food, and con&s;equently of Chyle; The ob&s;truction of the <HI>Va&s;a la|ctea,</HI> the Schirrous Tumors of the <HI>Pylorus,</HI> or tho&s;e of the <HI>Me&s;entery,</HI> &s;o frequently met with; the compre&s;&s;ion or wounding of the <HI>Ductus</HI> of the Brea&s;t; all which cut off the communication of the <HI>Chyle</HI> with the Blood; Worms in the Guts &s;ucking up the Chyle: Exce&s;&s;ive evacuations of the nutritious Juice, either in Company with the Blood, in exce&s;&s;ive Bleedings, or otherwi&s;e by Loo&s;ene&s;&s;es, immo|derate Sweats, runnings of the Reins, Whites, Ulcers, and exce&s;&s;ive Venery. The &s;econd cau&s;e relating to the Nutri|tious Juice, is its depravation, occa&s;ion'd either by a weak dige&s;tion in the Stomac, or the &s;altne&s;s and vi&s;cidity of the Blood or Lymph, that follows Acute or Intermitting Fea|vers, or retains to <HI>Scorbutic,</HI> and <HI>Hypocondriac</HI> Con&s;titutions.</P>
<P>In fine, the Crudities of the Stomac, and degeneracy of the Blood, are the common cau&s;es of a Con&s;umption, and reciprocally promote one another. The former occa&s;ion a &s;aline putrid ta&s;te in the Mouth, and provoke the Lungs and Larynx to Cough, as they pa&s;s after joining the Blood. The latter, <HI>viz.</HI> The degeneracy of the Blood, renders it
<PB N="292" REF="147">unfit for nouri&s;hing the Parts; and is occa&s;ion'd either by the crudity of the Chyle, or the Ulcer of &s;ome Bowel or ex|ternal part that taints it as it pa&s;&s;es. In which la&s;t ca&s;e, it procures a Phthi&s;ic.</P>
<P>A Phthi&s;ic therefore is generally taken for a Con&s;umption, ari&s;ing from the Ulcer of any Bowel or external part, as of the Reins, Liver, and e&s;pecially the Lungs, which are mo&s;t liable to be vitiated by the Air, and the recrements of degenerat Blood. 'Tis di&s;tingui&s;h'd from a <HI>Vomica</HI> of the Lungs by this Mark, <HI>viz.</HI> That the latter is a clo&s;e Ul|cer, inclos'd within its own Membranes, and fill'd with laudable <HI>Pus;</HI> whereas a phthi&s;ical Ulcer is open, and voids &s;ordid corrupt Matter.</P>
<P>Tho' a Phthi&s;ic be generally imputed to an Ulcer of the Lungs, yet it may ari&s;e from the Corrugation, Schirrus, or any other di&s;order of the Lungs or Bowels, that di&s;turbs and depraves the Blood. Its remote cau&s;es are: the acrimony and &s;altne&s;s of the Blood or Lymph, which is frequently ow|ing to Crudities from the Stomac; and was repre&s;ented by the Ancients, as a Catarrh or defluxion from the Head; Wounds, Brui&s;es, clotted Blood, or heterogeneous Matter in the Brea&s;t, Inflamations of the Lungs or <HI>Pleura</HI> ending in Suppuration; the Corro&s;ion of the &s;mall Pox; corro&s;ive &s;teams, as tho&s;e of <HI>Aqua-fortis,</HI> Quick-lime, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Drinking of Acid Tartarin Wines or Vinegar; &s;moaking Tobacco, irregular Pa&s;&s;ions of the Mind, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> A <HI>Phthi&s;ic</HI> propagats it &s;elf by a hereditary Succe&s;&s;ion, and is &s;o very contagious, that the Breath of a Phthi&s;ical Per&s;on will corrupt the Lungs of another, and convey its virulency thro' the Brea&s;ts of a &s;uckling Woman.</P>
<P>The &s;igns of a Con&s;umption are the&s;e, a &s;harp No&s;e, hol|low Eyes, low Temples, the Laps of the Ears contracted, the Fore-head dry and hard, the Complexion pale and livid, the Ribs and Shoulder-blades bend outward, the Cartilage of the Brea&s;t is bow'd, the Back-bone &s;harp and prominent, the Belly falls low, the Hips are loo&s;e or quite con|&s;um'd; the Legs, Arms, Feet, and Hands are dry; the Knuckles protuberant, the Nails bow'd, the Skin wrinkled and flaggy, the Urin is cover'd with Fat, the Veins of the Body are every where apparent, and the Hairs fall off. No|cturnal Sweats are common to all Phthi&s;ical Per&s;ons; and melting loo&s;ene&s;&s;es and &s;wellings of the Feet, conclude the Tragedy.</P>
<PB N="293" REF="147">
<P>If a Con&s;umption or Phthi&s;ic proceed from an ob&s;tru|ction of the Glandules of the <HI>Me&s;entery,</HI> intercepting the Chyle, the Belly is &s;well'd, and mole&s;ted with a hollow heavy Pain; the region of the Navel is hard, and the Ex|crements are liquid or mix'd with Chyle. If it proceed from a weak dige&s;tion, or crudities from the Stomac; the Symptoms ob&s;erve this order, <HI>viz.</HI> After much care, an|ger drinking, or &s;ome &s;uch Error in the u&s;e of the not natu|ral things, there in&s;ues a pro&s;tration of &s;trength and inappe|tency, e&s;pecially an aver&s;ion to meat; in the Morning an uncooth ta&s;te invades the Mouth, which, by degrees, be|comes &s;alti&s;h, and is attended by a dry tickling Cough; in proce&s;s of time, the ta&s;te of the Mouth becomes putrid, and re&s;embles that of A&s;hes, or rotten Meat; the dry Cough prevails towards Night, and brings up &s;ome thin watery Matter; re&s;piration is render'd difficult, and the Brea&s;t op|pre&s;s'd; e&s;pecially after eating, at which time the whole Body, e&s;pecially the palms of their Hands are mole&s;ted with Heat. The Pul&s;e is always quick, frequent, and &s;mall. After &s;ome time, all the&s;e Symptoms increa&s;e, the Cough angments, and copiou&s;ly brings up a vi&s;cous white, then yellow, green or livid, and at length a true purulent Mat|ter; whereupon Night-&s;weats, a Hectic Feaver, and a gra|dual decay in&s;ue. In fine, if a Phthi&s;ic of the Lungs be not externally occa&s;ion'd, or depend not upon a preceding Di&s;ea&s;e, &s;uch as a Pleuri&s;ie, or &s;pitting of Blood, it always flows from the Stomac.</P>
<P>From this Induction, we may infer, that in the begin|ning of a Phthi&s;ic, the Cough does not always proceed from the Lungs, but from the Stomac: Nay, &s;ometimes tho' the Lungs be ulcerated, if the Matter do not irritate the <HI>Bronchia,</HI> there in&s;ues no Cough at all. Be&s;ides, the Matter which is expectorated by coughing, is not always bred in the Lungs, as being &s;ometimes taken up from o|ther ulcerated Parts by the Blood. In which ca&s;e, 'tis a difficult matter to trace out the part to which the Ulcer be|longs. But in general, if it lodge in the Abdomen, the Symptoms of the Belly do di&s;cover it. If the Cough bring up no purulent Matter, we conclude that the Phthi&s;ic is owing to a Schirrus, or &s;ome &s;uch di&s;order among the <HI>Vi&s;ce|ra.</HI> Now the purulency of this Matter is di&s;cover'd by its &s;inking in Water, whereas that which is only vi&s;cid, be|ing porous and dilated with Air, &s;wims above. To con|clude, if the Lungs are exulcerated, the Cough &s;ounds
<PB N="294" REF="148">hollow and deep; and if they be much con&s;um'd, are void|ed by pieces. If the right &s;ide be chiefly affected, the &s;ick Per&s;on cannot lie but on the right &s;ide, and <HI>e<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">contra.</HI></P>
<P>A confirm'd Phthi&s;ic or Con&s;umption is incurable; while 'tis yet but growing, there are &s;ome hopes; e&s;pecially, if the Stomac is not much di&s;order'd. If it proceed from hard &s;wellings in the Lungs, Schirrus's or Ulcers in the Bowels, from the Scurvy, the Whites, Drop&s;y, or running of the Reins, 'tis &s;eldom cur'd. If the Cough di&s;appear of a &s;udden, 'tis a tragical Omen; as al&s;o if the Hairs fall off, and the feet &s;well, or if the expectorated Matter &s;tink when thrown upon burning Coals.</P>
<P>The Cure is compa&s;&s;ed by removing the various Cau|&s;es; mitigating the Symptoms, and projecting a method for nouri&s;hing the Body. For which end let the following Cautions be heedfully minded.</P>
<P N="1">1. There's no Remedy what&s;oever that equals Vomits, e&s;pecially in the beginning, nor any ca&s;e in which they are nor convenient, except that of a &s;pitting of Blood, and ex|tream Weakne&s;s.</P>
<P N="2">2. Purgation, Bleeding, and i&s;&s;ues are of no u&s;e. The fir&s;t is pernicious, and augments the Cough; or if in the beginning of a Phthi&s;ic, it be ab&s;olutely nece&s;&s;ary to clean&s;e the fir&s;t Pa&s;&s;ages, Rhubarb is the mo&s;t proper Ingredient; the &s;econd is never allowable, unle&s;s a &s;uppre&s;&s;ion of Blood require it; the third was introduc'd of old, in compliance with the exploded Fancy of a Phthi&s;ic's being caus'd by a Catarrh<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> di&s;tilling from the Brain, which now we ju&s;tly re|fer to the Stomac.</P>
<P N="3">3. Sugar, Hony, and all &s;weet Syrups are hurtful. They putrify in the Stomac, weaken its dige&s;tion, and pro<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">ore the corro&s;ion of the affected Bowel.</P>
<P N="4">4. A &s;corbutic Con&s;umption is admirably accounted for by a Milk Dyet, e&s;pecially that of Goats Milk, mix'd with vulnerary and <HI>anti-&s;corbutic</HI> Syrups.</P>
<P N="5">5. Tho' an inveterat Phthi&s;ic do not admit of a perfect Cure, yet the Life may be drill'd on by a Milk Diet, u|&s;ing vulnerary Medicines, and changing the Air.</P>
<P>Milk is a Sovereign Remedy, when the Di&s;ea&s;e proceeds from a &s;harpne&s;s of the Blood or Lymph; it both clean&s;es with its Whey, and heals with its Butter. Indeed if it &s;pring from the corruption of a Bowel, or default of the Stomac, 'tis improper, as being apt to curdle and putrify in a deprav'd Stomac. Goats Milk, mix'd with the Spirit of
<PB N="295" REF="148">Scurvy-gra&s;s, or that of <HI>Sal-Armoniac,</HI> is of excellent U&s;e in Scorbutic ca&s;es; but Woman's Milk &s;uck'd im|mediately from the Brea&s;ts, without being expo&s;ed to the Air, and the Butter made of it, are preferable to any other. It will not be ami&s;s to add a little Sugar, or Con&s;erve of Ro&s;es to prevent Curdling. And when Per&s;ons are con|fin'd to a Milk Diet, they ought to take of it three or four times a Day, and u&s;e &s;ome exerci&s;e after taking it, in order to promote its quick di&s;tribution; and, in the interim, eat nothing el&s;e but Rai&s;ins, or Food of very ea&s;ie dige&s;tion. Note, before the u&s;e of Milk, 'tis advi&s;able to exhibit a Vomit.</P>
<P>The Yelks of Eggs di&s;&s;olv'd in Wine, and mix'd with a little Amber-gri&s;e, are of admirable u&s;e in Venereal Con|&s;umptions.</P>
<P>The Decoctions of Elecampane-roots, with Rai&s;ins and Liquorice, and a little <HI>Spani&s;h</HI> Wine, are of noted effi|cacy again&s;t all Phthi&s;ics; to which we may add, Sweet Almonds, and Emul&s;ions of Milky Seeds, Oy&s;ters, River-Crabbs mix'd with Butter, Cockles, and all temperat Ingredients. In the beginning of the Di&s;ea&s;e, e&s;pecially when it proceeds from the Stomac, Acids, &s;uch as the Spi|rit of Salt, <HI>Nitrum Antimoniatum, Terra foliata Tartari,</HI> di&s;till'd Vinegar with Crabs-Eyes di&s;&s;olv'd in it; <HI>Sal-Armo|niac, &amp;c.</HI> are recommended upon the acount of their Stoma|chical Virtue. But, after the confirmation of the Di&s;ea&s;e, or an Ulcer in the Lungs, both the&s;e, and all Spaw-Waters ought to be equally avoided. And as for the &s;harpne&s;s of the Blood and Lymph, which vitiats the Lungs, and is generally the Cau&s;e of tho&s;e Phthi&s;ics that the Ancients refer to Ca|tarrhs from the Head; Sulphur is a proper Remedy. It contains both Acid and Balmy Parts; the former are per|nicious, and ought to be carefully &s;eparated from the lat|ter. Thus, the Flowers of Sulphur nicely prepar'd, and the Bal&s;am of Sulphur prepar'd with di&s;till'd Oyl of Ani|&s;eeds, are incomparable Medicines. If a Hectic and Night-Sweats prevail, perhaps the Bal&s;am of Sulphur prepar'd with di&s;till'd Oyls, may prove too hot; in which ca&s;e let it be prepar'd with the Oyl of Sweet-Almonds, adding but a few drops of di&s;till'd Oyl of Ani&s;eed, which la&s;t alone is a noble Pectoral. Or the heat of the Bal&s;am may be re&s;train'd, by adding the Sugar of Lead, or the Anti-phthi&s;ical Tincture of two Parts of Vitriol of Steel, and one of Sugar of Lead infus'd in rectifi'd Spirit of
<PB N="296" REF="149">Wine, or the dewy Phlegm of Vitriol, that's free of Acidity, rectifi'd upon its own <HI>Caput mortuum.</HI> The Tin|cture of Blood-&s;tone, or that of the Sulphur of Vitriol, are al&s;o fir to be added.</P>
<P>In the room of Common Sulphur, &s;ome chu&s;e the Mi|neral fix'd Sulphurs, &s;uch as Diaphoretic Antimony; <HI>Pote|rius</HI>'s Antihectic, and all preparations from Antimony fix'd with Tin and Steel&punc; To the&s;e we join other Balmy Ingre|dients, <HI>viz.</HI> Amber, Aloes, Myrrh, e&s;pecially when the Phthi&s;ic is not far advanc'd, nor the Hectic very trouble|&s;ome; Together with the pectoral &s;pecifics, <HI>viz.</HI> Traga|canth, Elecampane Roots, Sperma Ceti (given to half a dram in a Potch'd Egg) Orris Roots, the Con&s;erve of Ro|&s;es, Bole-armenic, &s;eal'd Earth, Blood-&s;tone, and the Mu&s;h|room of a Willow (given to half a dram in the Con&s;erve of Ground Ivy) all which are very u&s;eful for tempering the acrimony of the Blood and Chyle. But before we com|mence the u&s;e of Specifics, a Vomit ought to be exhibited, for clean&s;ing the fir&s;t Pa&s;&s;ages.</P>
<P>The Decoctions of Woods, e&s;pecially China and Sa&s;&s;afras together with Elecampane, Liquorice, Rai&s;ins, and Vulnera|ry Ingredients, are of &s;ingular efficacy in this Ca&s;e. Their Ro&s;inous Sulphureous &s;ub&s;tance is at once qualify'd for tem|pering the &s;harpne&s;s of the Humors, evacuating the corrupt Matter, and clean&s;ing the Ulcer. But whoever would reap benefit by the&s;e Decoctions, mu&s;t re&s;olve to Drink nothing el&s;e.</P>
<P>Narcotics, e&s;pecially the Pills of Storax are of good u&s;e for promoting the Maturation and Concoction of the matter in the Lungs, curbing the dry Night Coughs, and preventing Night-&s;weats. Phthi&s;ical Per&s;ons admit of large Do&s;es, and per&s;i&s;t long in the u&s;e of 'em without detriment. Towards the height of the Di&s;ea&s;e, when Re&s;piration is difficult and a great deal of Vi&s;cous matter lyes ready for expectoration, 'tis conve|vient to di&s;continue their u&s;e.</P>
<P>In regard of the ulcerated Bowel, the vulnerary Specifics, and the baling Ingredients above-mention'd, are calculated for its relief. Ground Ivy, Chervil, Scabious and male Speedwel, e&s;pecially the fir&s;t, or its Juice, ought never to be omitted. Some commend <HI>Indian</HI> Cre&s;&s;es and Ro&s;a&s;olis. In Scorbutic Ca&s;es 'tis proper to add Anti&s;corbutic Ingre|dients.</P>
<P>If the Hectic do not Prohibit the u&s;e of Bal&s;ams, we may add the Bal&s;am of Sulphur, Bal&s;am of <HI>Peru,</HI> Turpentin di&s;|&s;olv'd with the yelk of an Egg, Myrrh, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<PB N="297" REF="149">
<P>Some recommend the Decoction of Penny-Royal. Others the volatil Salt of Harts-horn and its Spirit tinctur'd with Bal&s;am of Sulphur, the Spirit of Ants, the Spirit and volatil Salt of Man's Urine, and the like; but if the Di&s;ea&s;e be in|veterat, and the Lungs ulcerated, they are very improper. Perhaps after chronical Di&s;ea&s;es, or when the Chyle is not di&s;tributed thro' the Body, they may be of &s;ome u&s;e.</P>
<P>The dry tickling Cough and Night-&s;weats, that u&s;ually mole&s;t Phthi&s;ical Per&s;ons, are abated by incra&s;&s;ating Medi|cines, mix'd with Opiats. But Treacle and hot Compo&s;itions ought to be avoided.</P>
<P>For clean&s;ing the Ulcer in the Lungs, and bringing up the vi&s;cous Matter, the Syrup of Tobacco ought to be mix'd with the other expectorating Ingredients. And if the Matter &s;tink, or if the Per&s;on &s;pit very much, let Myrrh and Hony be always added. But if a Feaver or melting Loo&s;e|ne&s;s accompany a Phthi&s;ic, let Hony be avoided, and ab&s;or|bent earthy Powders exhibited.</P>
<P>The Food of Phthi&s;ical Per&s;ons ought to be &s;uch as yields a &s;ub&s;tantial glutinous Juice, &s;uch as Eggs, Rai&s;ins, Oy&s;ters, River Crabs, and Milk. They ought to avoid drinking much, and what they Drink may be impregnated with Fumes of Sulphur. Of Wines the &s;weete&s;t are the be&s;t. As for Air; tho&s;e that are emaciated and wither'd, require a thick Sul|phureous Air; whereas tho&s;e that are otherwi&s;e find their account in breathing in a clear dry Air.</P>
<P>It remains now to &s;ubjoin a few Receipts, in order to exemplify the complication of the above-mention'd Ingre|dients.</P>
<P>Take of <HI>Sal-Armoniac</HI> and Nitre purify'd, of each half an ounce; the Powders of the Roots of Liquorice, and Flo|rentine Orris, of each an ounce. Mix and Exhibit as much as will lye upon the point of a Knife Morning and Evening, remembring &s;till the Cautions above-mention'd, with re&s;pect to Acids.</P>
<P>Take of the Roots of Cuckow-pint, four ounces; Roots of Florentin Orris, three Ounces; Flowers of Benzoin, an ounce and a half; Flowers of Sulphur, an ounce; <HI>Pote|rius</HI>'s Antihectic, two ounces; with a &s;ufficient quantity of Sugar make a Powder, to be given to a dram before Supper, and at Bed time, in the Decoction of China Roots, for tempe|ring the Acrimony of the Humors.</P>
<PB N="298" REF="150">
<P>Take of the Kernel of the Pine Apple, half an ounce; white Poppy Seeds, two drams; with Scabious and Colts-foot Water, make an Emul&s;ion, to which add of Ivory prepar'd without fire, half a dram; prepar'd Crabs Eyes, and Mo|ther of Pearls, of each a &s;cruple; and &s;weeten it with Pearled Sugar.</P>
<P>Take of Diaphoretic Antimony, a dram and half; Flowers of Sulphur, half a dram&punc; the Powder <HI>Diaireos,</HI> and <HI>Dia|tragacanthon Frigidae,</HI> and prepar'd white Amber, of each a dram extract of Elecampane, half a dram; Bal&s;am of Sul|phur Ani&s;ated, half a dram&punc; Sugar di&s;&s;olv'd in Fennel Wa|ter, four Ounces. Make Tablets, of which take eight thrice a Day, follow'd by a Draught of the Decoction of Ground Ivy and Chervil.</P>
<P>Take of the Con&s;erve of Ground Ivy, an ounce; Crabs Eyes and <HI>Poterius</HI>'s Antihectic, of each half a dram; prepar'd Amber, two &s;cruples; Benzoin, a &s;cruple; with <HI>Willis</HI>'s Sy|rup <HI>Dia&s;ulphuris</HI> make an Electuary; and add &s;ome grains of <HI>Laudanum Opiatum,</HI> if it be Convenient.</P>
<P>Take of Guajacum Wood, three ounces; Guajacum Roots, and China Roots, of each an ounce; Elecampane and Burdock Roots, of each two ounces; Juniper Berries, three drams; Leaves of Speedwel, two handfuls; Ground Ivy, a handful. Infu&s;e 'em for twenty four Hours, in twelve pound of fair Water. Then Boyl the half away, and add towards the end Anis and Fennel Seeds, of each an ounce and a half; Liquorice Roots, an ounce. Strain the Liquor, and exhibit a Draught every Morning, adding twelve drops of the Turpentine Bal&s;am of Sulphur, or forty of that prepar'd with Oyl of &s;weet Almonds.</P>
<P>Take of Ground Ivy, Chervil, and Male Speedwel, of each a handful; Elecampane Roots, an ounce and a half; Roots of Florentine Orris, an ounce; Anis-&s;eeds, three drams; Fennel-&s;eed, two drams; Figs four in Number; Corrants, an ounce and a half; Liquorice Roots, &s;ix drams; boyl them in Water for a vulnerary Decoction, to be &s;weeten'd with the Syrup of Ground Ivy. And add to every Draught forty drops of Elixyr Proprietatis, or half a dram of Sperma Coeti, or &s;ome drops of the E&s;&s;ence of Gum Ammoniac, mix'd with the Tincture of Sulphur.</P>
<P>Take of <HI>Poterius</HI>'s Antihectic, a Scruple; Sugar of Lead, half a &s;cruple; Extract of Saffron, four or five grains; <HI>Laudanum Opiatum,</HI> two or four grains. With Bal&s;am of <HI>Peru</HI> make Pills, for two Do&s;es, to be taken at Night to pre|vent Coughing and Sweating in the Night time.</P>
<PB N="299" REF="150">
<P>Take of prepar'd Amber, half a &s;cruple; choice Myrrh and valatil Salt of Amber, of each five grains; <HI>Laudanum Opiatum,</HI> a grain or two. With the E&s;&s;ence of Myrrh make Pills.</P>
<P>Take of the Con&s;erve of Ground Ivy, Con&s;erve of Scabi|ous, of each an ounce and a half; fre&s;h Pine Apples, half an ounce; Ivory prepar'd without fire, a dram; <HI>Poterius</HI>'s Antihectic and Flowers of Sulphur, of each two &s;cruples. With Syrup of Tobacco make an Electuary, for attenuating and expectorating Vi&s;cid Matter.</P>
<P>Having di&s;patch'd the general Con&s;umption of the Body, 'twill not be improper in this place to take notice of the Dry|ne&s;s or Decay of particular parts of the Body, occa&s;ion'd by whatever intercepts the Blood or Spirits in their Pa&s;&s;age thither, or weakens and exhau&s;ts the innate Spirit of the Part, who&s;e office it is to ferment and a&s;&s;imilat the nutritious Juice. Hence Pal&s;ies, Convul&s;ions, Di&s;locations, Falls, Brui&s;es, Wounds, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> are its u&s;ual Cau&s;es. As for Cure; <HI>Wurzius</HI> his <HI>Arcanum</HI> of Allum is a Catholicon again&s;t all dry'd or wither'd Parts. 'Tis thi<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</P>
<P>Take of Plumous Allum, and melted Salt, of each equal Quantities, melt 'em over a &s;trong Fire. Then &s;et 'em to Cool, and they will conden&s;at into a Stone, upon which pour Water to di&s;&s;olve the Salts, and precipitat the <HI>Arcanum.</HI> Of which, take three ounces, and mix 'em with an ounce and a half of the Oyl of Bricks, and four ounces of the Oyl of Human fat, di&s;till'd with the A&s;hes of Vine-tiwgs. Make a Liniment, and anoint the Part after rubbing.</P>
<P>If the dryne&s;s of the Part be occa&s;ion'd by a Wound or Efflux of its &s;pirituous Juice, temperat hot things, and &s;uch as are moi&s;t, or inrich'd with a Dewy Juice, are be&s;t. Hence &s;ome order the Part to be drench'd in the Blood of an Ox ju&s;t kill'd, and fomented with the Decoction of the Feet, Head, Liver, and Lungs, and other joints of a Sheep or Calf, boyl'd to Rags; or anointed with the Juice of River Crabs, mix'd with the Oyl of &s;weet Almonds; or with an Ointment of equal quantities of the fat of Herns, the fat of Frogs, and that of Hogs. If the dryne&s;s be caus'd by a Pal&s;y or Compre&s;&s;ion of the Tendons, without any vi&s;ible Wound or Hurt, hot irritating things are mo&s;t pro|per; as if the part be &s;trongly rub'd down three or four times a Day with green Nettles, till it become Red and Hot, and then cover'd with the Liniment of the Arcanum of Allum, or fomented with the following Water.</P>
<PB N="300" REF="151">
<P>Take of the &s;eeds of Roman Nettles, one pound; the Roots of Hor&s;e Radi&s;hes bruis'd, from four ounces to half a pound; Roots of Cuckow-pint, four ounces; long Pepper, three ounces. Dige&s;t 'em in white Wine fourteen Days, in a <HI>Balneum Mariae,</HI> &s;haking the Ve&s;&s;el often. And then di&s;till the Spirit, which is of excellent u&s;e when the part is num'd and &s;tupid.</P>
<P>If a Defluxion at Catarrh falling upon the part give ri&s;e to its decay, let Sudorifics be taken inwardly; and the Spirit of Ants, and that of Earth Worms, rectify'd with &s;ome Alca|lin Salt, or the Aqua Articularis, mix'd with the &s;pirit of <HI>Sal-Armoniac</HI> and Oyl of Soap, or the Ointment of <HI>Agrip|pa,</HI> be applied outwardly, the part being fir&s;t rub'd down, till it become red or &s;en&s;ible.</P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 N="2" TYPE="chapter">
<HEAD>CHAP. II. <HI>Of Immoderat Nutrition or Corpulency.</HI></HEAD>
<P>IF the nutritious Juice be too copiou&s;ly di&s;tributed thro' the Body the Mu&s;cles and Joints are extended, and for want of room are di&s;abled to recoyl and contract them&s;elves with due nimblene&s;s, and the Belly being over-charg'd with Fat and Juice, inlarges its Dimen&s;ions. So that the true Cau&s;e of Corpulency or fatne&s;s is the temperat &s;oftne&s;s of the Blood, the le&s;s Con&s;umption of the Nutritious Juice, by rea&s;on of a &s;low Fermentation, and the late a&s;&s;imilation of the Chyle in company of the Blood, giving it opportunity to be coagu|lated and appropriated, by the peculiar acid Spirits that guard the re&s;pective Parts.</P>
<P>The remote Cau&s;es of fatne&s;s are ab&s;tinence from Drink, e&s;pecially Hop'd Beer, or Ale made of Malt; or whatever dilutes the Nutritious Juice, and con&s;equently promotes its exhalation; drinking moderatly Ale made of Corn, which has a peculiar fattening Vertue; eating much Bread, which promotes the Fermentation and Dige&s;tion of Food; much &s;leep, freedom from Care, Exerci&s;e, and Venery.</P>
<PB N="301" REF="151">
<P>Corpulency &s;queezes the Spermatic Ve&s;&s;els, and cau&s;es Bar|renne&s;s, nay it oppre&s;&s;es all the Ve&s;&s;els in the Body, retards the Motion of the Blood, anticipats the matter that &s;hould be converted into Spirits, cramps all mu&s;cular Motions, and accelerats Death.</P>
<P>The Cure is compa&s;s'd by preventing the immoderat in|crea&s;e of Chyle, or evacuating it before its A&s;&s;imilation to the Part, or melting and diluting it with Serum after its appro|priation. The fir&s;t de&s;ign is an&s;wer'd by a &s;pare thin Diet, and eating of &s;alt Meat. The &s;econd and third by Purgation with <HI>Extractum Catholicum,</HI> and &s;weet Mercury repeated till it &s;alivat; or the Pills of Aloes, and Elixyr Proprietatis, which was known among the Ancients for a drying Medicine. Now that which they call'd <HI>Drying,</HI> is nothing but the melt|ing down of the Nutritious Juice. Hence Myrrh, Gentian, Wormwood, Cre&s;&s;es, and all Diuretic or Diaphoretic In|gredients are of u&s;e, by rea&s;on of their attenuating re&s;olving Quality. But Vinegar of Squills, Tartar, Tartar Vitriolated, Nitre, and all Acids, are intitled to a preference. Bleeding, I&s;&s;ues, chewing Medicines, the Decoctions of <HI>Woods,</HI> Venery, and in a Word whatever attenuats the Nutritious Juice, and dilutes it with a &s;erous Vehicle in order to evacuation, either by Urine, Sweat, or otherwi&s;e, is recommended again&s;t Fatne&s;s. Only this Caution ought to be taken notice of, that &s;udden and liberal Evacuations are apt to weaken fat People. To Conclude, I &s;ubjoyn a <HI>Recipe</HI> for Pills that are much approv'd.</P>
<P>Take of the Gum of the Juniper Tree, two drams; Choice Myrrh, Shavings of <HI>Lignum Sanctum,</HI> extract of Wormwood and Aloe, of each a Scruple, Coagulated Spirit of Vitriol, half a dram. Make Pills.</P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 N="3" TYPE="chapter">
<PB N="302" REF="152">
<HEAD>CHAP. III. <HI>Of a Deprav'd Nutrition.</HI></HEAD>
<DIV5 N="1" TYPE="article">
<HEAD>ART. 1. <HI>Of a Cachexy, Leucophlegmacy and Ana&s;arca.</HI></HEAD>
<P>IF the Chyle or Nutritious Juice is not duly dige&s;ted and a&s;&s;imilated to the Blood, it Tinctures it with a pituitous Crudity, Stifles its &s;aline particles, and cramps its due tur|ge&s;cence; whereupon the Skin is di&s;colour'd, and the Mu&s;|cles in&s;tead of receiving elaborat nouri&s;hment, are &s;tuff'd and bloated up with crude matter, and &s;o render'd flaccid: This we call a <HI>Leucophlegmacy.</HI> And if this crude vicious Juice ob&s;truct the Glandules of the Mu&s;cles, or if the Lymph be upon any account oblig'd to Stagnat, the Blood becomes &s;e|rous, and a Collection of Serum or Water lodg'd under the Skin cau&s;es an <HI>Ana&s;arca.</HI> Now a Cachexy is a general Term importing the Crudity of the ma&s;s of Blood, and its weaker Fermentation, which give ri&s;e to the&s;e two Di&s;ea&s;es. The remote Cau&s;es are want of motion, care, grief, &s;up|pre&s;&s;ion of the Terms, chronical Di&s;ea&s;es, &s;uppre&s;&s;ion of U|rine, the French Pox; and in a word, whatever weakens Dige&s;tion, and &s;tifles the Fermentation of the Blood.</P>
<P>The Symptoms ob&s;erve the following Method. The Ca|chectic Per&s;on grows Pale, and in &s;ome mea&s;ure Livid; his Face, and in proce&s;s of time, the whole &s;urface of the Body is &s;wollen; upon any quick motion or walking up an a&s;cent he is troubled with a &s;hortne&s;s of breath, and palpitation of the Heart and temporal Arteries; an univer&s;al Wearine&s;s &s;eizes the Joints, and after eating, Anxiety and a &s;en&s;e of Compre&s;|&s;ion oft-times invades the Brea&s;t; the Appetit, which at fir&s;t is good, decays by degrees, the Pul&s;e is unequal, &s;mall, fre|quent
<PB N="303" REF="152">and weak; the Urine crude, pale, and watery; and towards the height of the Di&s;ea&s;e becomes thick, and depo&s;its a white Sediment; and finally the Per&s;on is &s;eiz'd with a &s;low Feaver, &s;carce perceivable by him&s;elf, and is oft-times thir&s;ty and co&s;tive.</P>
<P>Thus far the Di&s;ea&s;e is only denominated a <HI>Cachexy.</HI> But afterwards the whole Body becomes very turgid, e&s;pecially the Feet and Belly, the Skin thick and pale, and when pre&s;s'd by one's Finger receives durable Pits, which intitle it to the Character of a <HI>Leucophlegmacy:</HI> Whereas an <HI>Ana|&s;arca</HI> requires that the&s;e Pits &s;hould quickly di&s;appear, and that a &s;hining Colour cover the &s;welling.</P>
<P>Cachexies are apt to invade Women, or tho&s;e who confine them&s;elves to a &s;edentary Life; and if the Woman be pa&s;t the &s;ea&s;on of her Terms, they prove very tedious: If they &s;uc|ceed to acute or intermitting Feavers, or mi&s;manag'd chro|nical Di&s;ea&s;es, they are not ea&s;ily cur'd.</P>
<P>The Cure con&s;i&s;ts in attenuating, correcting, and evacua|ting the Crudities of the fir&s;t Pa&s;&s;ages, whetting the Bile, vanqui&s;hing the vicious acid, and &s;trengthning the Stomac. For the&s;e Ends we ought to be cautious of giving &s;trong Pur|gatives, or forcing the Cure too violently. The better way is to proceed by degrees, fir&s;t to prepare the Crudities of the fir&s;t Pa&s;&s;ages by dige&s;tive Salts, &s;uch as the Hypochondriac dige&s;tive Salt, given to half a dram twice a day, Tartar vi|triolated, <HI>Sal-Armoniac,</HI> and the Tincture of Tartar; mix'd with ab&s;orbent Powders, <HI>viz.</HI> Coral, &s;eal'd Earth, <HI>Bezoar|dicum martiale,</HI> and <HI>Poterius</HI>'s Antihectic (made of the <HI>Regu|lus</HI> of Antimony, Tin and Nitre.) Then to exhibit a Vomit, &s;uch as the Con&s;erve of Hedge-Hy&s;&s;op, given from a dram to two drams; or the Decoction of Hedge-Hy&s;&s;op in Wine, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Or if a Vomit be improper, to order a gentle Purge of the Extract of <HI>E&s;ula,</HI> or Juice of common Orris, mix'd with &s;weet Mercury, and Preparations from Gum Ammoniac.</P>
<P>The fir&s;t Pa&s;&s;ages being thus cleans'd, we advance to Cha|lybeats, which ought to be continu'd for &s;everal Weeks, a gentle Laxative being interlac'd every Week, and the Pati|ent remembring always to &s;tir and move after taking 'em. If the peccant Acid be very rank, and the Stomac &s;trong, we may give the filings of Steel, in Sub&s;tance, or the natural and artificial Waters; otherwi&s;e chalybear Rheni&s;h Wine, impregnated with Aromatic Herbs, or rather the Extract of Steel prepar'd with Juice of Apples, or that a&s;crib'd to <HI>Myn|&s;ichtius,</HI>
<PB N="304" REF="153">or the Tincture of the Vitriol of Steel, and <HI>Bezoar|dicum Martiale,</HI> will an&s;wer the De&s;ign.</P>
<P>After the u&s;e of Steel is the proper Sea&s;on for exhibiting the Infu&s;ions or Decoctions of the &s;harp, bitter Aromatic Herbs and Spices, to which we add &s;ome gentle Laxative, e&s;pecial|ly Rhubarb, which retrieves the Choler, and &s;ubdues the A|cid. The Ingredients of this Nature are Wormwood, Agri|mony, Turmeric, le&s;&s;er Centory, <HI>Carduus Benedictus,</HI> Ele|campane and Cuckow-pint Roots; Ro&s;emary, Hy&s;&s;op, Mint, Hor&s;e-Radi&s;hes, Cre&s;&s;es, Scurvy-gra&s;s, Cinnamon, Galan|gal, Zedoary, Cloves, Ginger, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> The Rob of Juniper, and Pulp of Rai&s;ins are much approv'd for the &s;ame effect; and if we add to them Extract of Steel, they prove more effectual. And after all, towards the end of the Cure, we order the Patient to take every Morning and Evening &s;ome drops of volatil &s;aline Spirits, till he become perfectly well; &s;uch are the Spirit of <HI>Sal-Armoniac,</HI> or <HI>Elixyr Proprie|tatis</HI> prepar'd with it, the E&s;&s;ence of Wormwood, the car|minative Spirit <HI>de tribus,</HI> the Nephritic Tincture, the Spirit of Harts-horn &s;uccinated, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P>In a perfect <HI>Ana&s;arca</HI> the &s;ame Remedies are convenient. To which we may add the Lye made of Wine, and the A&s;hes of Wormwood and Broom; &s;udorific Decoctions of Woods and Juniper Berries, and that of Swallow-wort, and Ele|campane; the Seed of St. <HI>John</HI>'s Wort given to a dram in Wine, or diuretic Infu&s;ions and Decoctions of <HI>A&s;arabecca,</HI> Briony, red Chiches, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> mix'd with <HI>Emmenagoga</HI> in a Sup|pre&s;&s;ion of the Terms, (which frequently follows a Cachexy or Ana&s;arca.) In &s;corbutic ca&s;es, let Earth-Worms be added to the Aromatic Decoctions.</P>
<P>Externally Burdock Leaves bruis'd, and applied to the Joynts and &s;oles of the Feet, are very u&s;eful. The natural &s;ulphureous Baths are of known Efficacy; as al&s;o the dry Bagnios; or in the beginning and declination of the Di&s;ea&s;e, the way of procuring Sweat by kindling Spirit of Wine. Some order the cachectic Body to be put into hot Sand. As for the Forms of pre&s;cribing, they are as follows.</P>
<P>Take of Tartar vitriolated, two &s;cruples; &s;alt of Worm|wood, and prepar'd Crabs Eyes, of each a Scruple; di&s;till'd Oyl of Turpentin, &s;ix drops. Make a dige&s;tive Powder for three Do&s;es, to be exhibited before vomiting.</P>
<P>Take of <HI>Quercetanus</HI>'s Pills of Ammoniac and &s;weet Mercu|ry, of each fifteen grains; Extract of Troches Alhandal, a
<PB N="305" REF="153">grain and a half. Make Pills for a gentle Purge. 'Tis al&s;o very proper to add the Extract of Steel to all purging Pills.</P>
<P>Take of the Filings of Steel, one part; Cinnamon in Pow|der, two parts; Sugar, three parts. Make a chalybeat Pow|der. Do&s;e a dram.</P>
<P>Take of the Pulp of Rai&s;ins, &s;ix ounces; Extract of Steel prepar'd with Juice of Apples, three ounces; choice Rhu|barb, three drams; with the Syrup of Apples make an Ele|ctuary. The &s;olar Liquor of Steel may al&s;o be taken from twelve to thirty drops; or the &s;olution of Steel in Juice of Apples mix'd with &s;pirit of Scurvy-gra&s;s, to fifty drops.</P>
<P>Take of Fumitory, Worm-wood, and Ro&s;emary, of each a handful; Elecampane, and Fennel roots, of each &s;ix drams; pick'd Senna, an ounce; black Hellebor roots, &s;ix drams; choice Rhubarb, three drams; the four greater hot Seeds, of each a dram and a half; Orange and Citron Peel, of each three drams; Galangal and Ginger, of each a dram; &s;alt of Tartar, two drams. Make a Bag to be infus'd in Wine, of which let the Patient take a draught twice or thrice a day af|ter having fini&s;h'd the cour&s;e of Steel.</P>
<P>Take of the Species <HI>Diacurcumae,</HI> four &s;cruples; choice Rhubarb, two drams; Powder <HI>Diarrhodon, Abbatis,</HI> and <HI>Di|agalangae,</HI> of each a &s;cruple; with Syrup of Worm-wood make Pills. Do&s;e a dram.</P>
<P>Take of <HI>Elixyr Proprietatis</HI> without the acid, an ounce; E&s;&s;ence of Wormwood, and that of le&s;&s;er Centory, of each two Drams. Mix them to be us'd in the Declination of the Di&s;ea&s;e, to fifty drops every Morning in a warm Vehicle; and follow'd by fifty drops of Spirit of <HI>Sal-Armoniac</HI> mix'd with double its quantity of the carminative Spirit <HI>de tribus,</HI> taken after dinner, and at bed time.</P>
</DIV5>
<DIV5 N="2" TYPE="article">
<HEAD>ART. 2. <HI>Of an univer&s;al Drop&s;ie.</HI></HEAD>
<P>A Drop&s;ie is a Collection and Extrava&s;ation of <HI>Serum,</HI> cau|&s;ing a Di&s;tention, Tumor, and Softne&s;s in the external parts. Sometimes a vi&s;cous Humor accompanies the Serum, and then 'tis a &s;purious &s;ort of Drop&s;ie, complicated with an
<PB N="306" REF="154"><HI>Ana&s;arca.</HI> A Tympany goes generally by the name of a Drop&s;ie, but for &s;o much as it proceeds from Wind, we re|fer it to the Chapter of Wind in the Stomac. A Drop&s;ie is call'd univer&s;al, when it proceeds from the general Infirmity of the Body. A particular Drop&s;ie is owing to the infirmity of that Part from which it receives its Denomination. The mo&s;t common &s;ort of Drop&s;ie is that call'd <HI>A&s;cites,</HI> which begins at the Feet, and in a &s;hort time reaches the Belly and Scrotum.</P>
<P>This Serum, who&s;e Extrava&s;ation cau&s;es a Drop&s;ie, for the mo&s;t part is depo&s;ited into the re&s;pective Cavities, by the Blood circulating in the Arteries. 'Tis true the Rupture and Ob&s;truction of the lymphatic and milky Ve&s;&s;els, may cau&s;e a Stagnation or Extrava&s;ation: but that happens by accident. Whereas the &s;tanding and direct &s;ource of Drop&s;ies is the vi|cious Cra&s;is of the Blood, as being unqualified for dige&s;ting and a&s;&s;imilating its Serum; and its languid Motion, giving the Serum an opportunity of &s;queezing through the Ve&s;&s;els, e&s;pecially about the Capillary Arteries, where the influence of the Heart (the <HI>primum mobile</HI>) is but very &s;mall, and more ea&s;ily communicable to the thick re&s;i&s;ting Blood, than to the weak yielding Serum. Now that the &s;low motion of the Blood will occa&s;ion a Tran&s;mi&s;&s;ion of the Serum, is plain|ly made out by Dr. <HI>Louer</HI>'s Experiment of tying a Ligature about the <HI>Vena Cava,</HI> under the Heart; and that the vicious Cra&s;is or Crudity of the Blood occa&s;ions an imperfect Tur|ge&s;cence, and a weak Propul&s;ion from the Heart, is too evi|dent to need a proof. I grant that there are &s;ome melting Drop&s;ies that proceed from the Colliquation of the Humours originally contain'd in the part, without the a&s;&s;i&s;tance of fo|reign Serum, as in Hectic Feavers, and after hot acute Di&s;|ea&s;es; but the&s;e are not proper Drop&s;ies, as being only Sym|ptoms of a Colliquation.</P>
<P>According to this Hypothe&s;is, we need not be at a lo&s;s to &s;can the Influence of remote Cau&s;es. 'Tis an obvious Con|jecture, that whatever weakens Dige&s;tion, accumulats Cru|dities, enfeebles the natural Functions, and, in a word, all Chachectic Di&s;orders are apt to degenerat into Drop&s;ies. The &s;uppre&s;&s;ion of Urine and that of in&s;en&s;ible tran&s;piration, are either the Cau&s;es or in&s;eparable Companions of a Drop&s;ie. Nay, I doubt much if an univer&s;al <HI>A&s;cites</HI> can ever take place, unle&s;s the Kidneys be di&s;order'd. And 'tis a notorious ob&s;er|vation to this purpo&s;e, that whoever drinks much, and does not pi&s;s proportionably, may ju&s;tly make account to encoun|ter a Drop&s;ie e're he dies; and that whoever attempts the
<PB N="307" REF="154">Cure of a Drop&s;ie without <HI>Diuretic</HI> Medicines, is but lamely equip'd for his Office. The drinking of Brandy and Sul|phureous Liquors that melt down the Humors, &s;harpen the Lymph, and relaxat the Stomac; the incon&s;iderat u&s;e of cold Water, immediatly after violent Heat; the &s;uppre&s;&s;ion of any wonted Evacuation, and exce&s;s of any Flux, whether of Blood or other Humors; the attenuation of the Serum, by the u&s;e of Mercury; the Jaundice, and inactivity of the Bile; Chronical Agues mi&s;manag'd; A&s;thma's, Phthi&s;ics, and Spitting of Blood, and in fine, whatever weakens Nature, renders the Blood uncapable to a&s;&s;imilat the Chyle, or re|tards its circular Motion, and di&s;turbs its due Targe&s;cence: the&s;e I &s;ay, are the natural Authors of a Dtop&s;ie. The tu|mors of the Me&s;entery, Liver, and other Bowels do generally accompany this Di&s;ea&s;e, but oft-times are rather effects than Cau&s;es.</P>
<P>The Symptoms of a Drop&s;ie di&s;play them&s;elves after this method: The Feet at fir&s;t begin to &s;well, and receive Pits by the pre&s;&s;ing of one's Finger; in the Night time the &s;well|ing abates, but regains new force the &s;ucceeding Day. By degrees it reaches to the Abdomen, and Scrotum, and fre|quently affects the Prepuce and Te&s;ticles. The Water thus inclos'd in the Belly &s;ometimes po&s;&s;e&s;&s;es one &s;ide, &s;ome|times both, and as the Per&s;on turns in his Bed it rolls, with a noi&s;e, and &s;ometimes vi&s;ibly, from one &s;ide to the other; in the mean while the Brea&s;t, Neck, and upper Parts wa&s;te and decay. The Face and Hands &s;ometimes &s;well. An itching, and oft-times a &s;cab, mole&s;ts the Skin; and &s;pots or wheals be&s;et the Legs. A &s;low Feaver pur&s;ues him, and in|crea&s;es towards the Evening. The Pul&s;e is &s;mall, frequent, and a little hard. An unquenchable Thir&s;t, lo&s;s of Appetit, &s;traitne&s;s of the Brea&s;t, &s;hortne&s;s of Breath, e&s;pecially in the Night time, and a dry Cough oft-times u&s;her in a Drop&s;ie.</P>
<P>Big belly'd Women are oft-times apt to &s;u&s;pect a Drop&s;ie without occa&s;ion. The &s;igns which &s;erve to undeceive 'em are the&s;e. In a Drop&s;ie the Face is pale and Livid, the Eyes are rob'd of their &s;parkling Vigor, the Water contain'd in the Belly Floats to and again, falls as the Woman turns her &s;elf, and is very weighty. The &s;welling is &s;oft, equal, and bends downward; it do's not impair the Flux of the Terms, but dimini&s;hes the quantity of Urine, and gives it a high Tincture, and cau&s;es a violent Thir&s;t; all which Symp|toms are contrary to tho&s;e of Being with Child.</P>
<PB N="308" REF="155">
<P>The Hydro<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ic Water is not always of the &s;ame Colour, as being either Green, Yellow, or Blacki&s;h, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> But 'tis ge|nerally &s;alin and &s;harp, apt to corrode the Bowels, and to cau&s;e Ulcers on the Legs, or to ca&s;t a Froth like Lather, when mix'd with other Water; nay the di&s;tention and &s;tiffne&s;s of the Membrans inwrapping it &s;eems to argue that it ferments within, and provokes them to Contractions.</P>
<P>As for Progno&s;tics. If a Drop&s;ie follow Chronical Di&s;|ea&s;es, or indi&s;creet Purgation, or invade tho&s;e who&s;e &s;trength is decay'd; if it be attended by un&s;peakable Thir&s;t, Cough|ing, Schirrus of the Bowels, difficult Re&s;piration, &s;carcity and redne&s;s of Urine, hardne&s;s of the Belly, extreme inappetency, or a melting Feaver, Ulcers or livid Spots in the Legs, Black Excrements (when the Per&s;on do's not u&s;e Steel) The&s;e I &s;ay are di&s;mal Circum&s;tances, whereas the Rever&s;e of 'em are look'd upon as hopeful Signs. Convul&s;ions and Apoplexies &s;ucceeding a Drop&s;ie are very fatal.</P>
<P>The Cure turns upon two indications. 1. To remove the &s;tagnating Serum. 2. To prevent its further increa&s;e by retrieving the due Cra&s;is of the Blood, and fortifying the Stomac, in order to a regular Chylification.</P>
<P>The fir&s;t is an&s;wer'd by Evacuations, and ab&s;taining from Drink.</P>
<P>Of evacuating Medicines, Purgatives are the fir&s;t, e&s;peci|ally the Roots of the Common Flower-de-luce, and <HI>Elaterium,</HI> or the Juice of the wild Cucumber. The former do's not only evacuat but enjoys al&s;o an alterative Vertue; and is given to three drams in Infu&s;ion, or its Juice expre&s;s'd, to half an ounce, with a &s;cruple of the Powder of Soldanella. Elaterium, or its Extract prepar'd with Spirit of Wine Tar|taris'd, given to fifteen grains, is fitly joyn'd with &s;weet Mercury. The Infu&s;ion or Decoction of half an ounce of Bryony, with Salt of Tartar, is of excellent u&s;e again&s;t Drop&s;ies of the Womb. When the Serum is mix'd with vi&s;|cous Humors, Coloquintida, or the extract of Troches Al|handal ought to be added. The lunar Pills made of the Cry&s;tals of well refin'd Silver, prepar'd with Spirit of Nitre or Aquafortis; or <HI>Mercurius Vitae</HI> render'd Laxative, by mixing it with &s;weet Mercury, are al&s;o noted Purges again&s;t Drop&s;ies. To which we may add the Ro&s;in of Jalap, the Infu&s;ion of a handful of the Flowers of <HI>Acacia</HI> in Whey, the Syrup and Con&s;erve of Peach Flowers; Gutta Gamba, given in Powder to &s;ixteen grains, or its Ro&s;in given to twelve grains; the Infu&s;ion of two or three drams of Hedge-Hy&s;&s;op,
<PB N="309" REF="155">or its Con&s;erve given to two drams, Syrup of Buckthorn, and the Rinds or Leaves of Elder. The proper &s;ea&s;on for exhi|biting Purges to Hydropic Per&s;ons is immediatly before the new Moon, when the Di&s;ea&s;e of it &s;elf relents; But if the Hydropic Water lodge in the Pur&s;e of the Caul, or du|plicat of the Peritonaeum, or Ve&s;icles of the Me&s;entery, and not in the Cavities of the Womb, Purgation is of no u&s;e: And withal we ought to remark that Purgatives ought to be mix'd with Stomachical Specifics, e&s;pecially Wormwood; and not too often repeated, by rea&s;on that they melt down the laudable Humors as well as the bad, and &s;o indirectly &s;treng|then the Di&s;ea&s;e; e&s;pecially if they do not operat quickly after Admini&s;tration.</P>
<P>If the Hydropic Per&s;on Vomit ea&s;ily, or be mole&s;ted with a &s;hortne&s;s of Breath, Vomits are u&s;eful. But they ought to be given in large Do&s;es, otherwi&s;e they do not Operate. Opiats in general are pernicious, tho' in &s;ome &s;ingular In&s;tances they may pacify the Spirits, appea&s;e the irritated Fibres of the Kidneys, and &s;o indirectly promote an Evacuation by U|rine.</P>
<P><HI>Diuretics</HI> are the choice&s;t evacuating Remedies. But they ought not to be exhibited till after the u&s;e of Laxative, atte|nuating and opening Ingredients, nor us'd without the addition of Chalybeat or Corroborating Medicines. A&s;arum, Wormwood, Elecampane, and Gentian lead the Van. The Juice or Infu&s;ion of Celandin the greater, is a celebrated Specific; to which we may add the Decoction of Swallow-wort in Wine or its Extract, it being peculiarly calculated for &s;uch Drop&s;ies as proceed from Scrophulous tumors in the Me&s;entery. Hore-hound is much recom|mended again&s;t a Hydropical Jaundice. The Infu&s;ion, De|coction, or Juice of Garlic is a powerful Diuretic, as al&s;o Turmerick and Madder. The Decoction, Infu&s;ion, Spirit and Rob of Juniper Wood and Berries are of excellent u&s;e, and &s;eem to claim a Preference before the Decoctions of Guajacum and Sa&s;&s;afras. The Juice of the Herb <HI>Kali</HI> given to half a dram is much applauded, but it ought not to be taken above three Days in a Week, for fear of over do|ing.</P>
<P>In tho&s;e Drop&s;ies which approach to <HI>Ana&s;arca</HI>'s, fix'd Salts are of good u&s;e, and perhaps preferable to other Diure|tics. But in an <HI>A&s;cites</HI> 'tis not improper to &s;hift 'em, for tho&s;e of a volatil nitrous Character. The Heads of the fix'd &s;ort are the Lixivious Salts of Vine-Twigs, Bean-&s;talks,
<PB N="310" REF="156">Juniper and Lime-tree-wood. The volatil, are all the volatil preparations of Tartar, the Spirit and Flowers of <HI>Sal-Armoniac,</HI> or <HI>Elixyr Propritatis</HI> prepar'd with it, and the volatil Salt of Harts-horn; <HI>Poppius</HI> be&s;tows large Encomiums on the Spirit of Urine, rectify'd with Spirit of Wine Amber|gri&s;e and Mo&s;ch, and given to half a dram, Morning and Evening; nay, Man's Urine, or that of Sheep is very ef|fectual among poor People. <HI>Crollius</HI> recommends Goo&s;e-Dung given to a dram in di&s;till'd Urine.</P>
<P>The Spirit of putrifi'd Earth-worms, given to &s;ixty drops, twice or thrice a day in Wine impregnated with Juniper Berries; or the Liquor that flows, <HI>per deliquium,</HI> from Earth-Worms putrifi'd with Mo&s;s of Earth, and ba|ken with Dough in an Oven, given to a &s;poonful twice a day; the Powder of dry'd Toads, the Heads and Guts be|ing thrown away, given to a Scruple three or four times in one Day, but &s;o as to intermit three or four days before it be us'd again; the Liquor which drops, <HI>per deliquium,</HI> from Cockle-&s;hells, coagulated with Spirit of Salt; the Powder of grea&s;ie Beetles, or of Hog-lice; the&s;e are all approv'd for their <HI>anti-hydropic</HI> Vertue.</P>
<P>Sudorifics are not proper in an <HI>A&s;cites,</HI> by rea&s;on that they heat and fret the <HI>Serum,</HI> and di&s;&s;olve the Blood, &s;o as to occa&s;ion a further effu&s;ion of <HI>Serum</HI> into the Cavities. In ca&s;e of an <HI>Ana&s;arca,</HI> or when the <HI>Serum</HI> &s;tagnates in the <HI>Glandules</HI> and Bowels, they are u&s;eful, and ought to be given in &s;mall quantities, le&s;t a &s;tronger force &s;hould weaken the Patient. Juniper-Wood, Millet-&s;eeds, and Ve|getable Aromatics, together with volatil Salts, are the mo&s;t proper Ingredients; and ought to be admini&s;ter'd in a li|quid form. Sometimes Mercurial Salivations are al&s;o of u&s;e in de&s;perat <HI>Drop&s;ies.</HI></P>
<P>After the internal Remedies for evacuating the hydropical Serum; we come in the next place, to what a&s;&s;i&s;tance external Operations can afford. If the Navel be much rais'd, we apply aperients to it; and if they do not open it, we tap it with a Needle. A <HI>Paracente&s;is</HI> is al&s;o fre|quently perform'd on the &s;ide of the Belly with good &s;uc|ce&s;s. But we ought to remember, that in <HI>Drop&s;ies,</HI> the <HI>Peritonaeum</HI> is very thick; that 'tis dangerous to take out a|bove eight or ten Ounces of Water at once; that if the Di&s;|ea&s;e be confirm'd, and the Bowels be&s;et with Schirrus's or already corroded by the Water; and if the larger Lympha|tic Ve&s;&s;els be broken, or if the <HI>Drop&s;y</HI> be univer&s;al, a <HI>Para|cente&s;is</HI>
<PB N="311" REF="156">is of no u&s;e. Sometimes, if Nature tend that way, the <HI>Scrotum</HI> opens of it &s;elf, or if it do not, 'tis artificially open'd with a Cautery or a Launce. But it ought to be carefully defended, by proper Pre&s;ervatives, from a Gan|grene; to which 'tis very liable. Slight &s;carrifications of the Legs are oft-times of good u&s;e; but the Wounds mu&s;t be gently handled, and frequently fomented with the Spirit of Wine camphoris'd, in order to prevent a Gangrene. If Bli&s;ters ri&s;e in the Legs, we apply Cole-wort Leaves to 'em; nay, oft-times the Leaves of Water-Plantane bruis'd, and applied, rai&s;e Bli&s;ters of them&s;elves, which void a great deal of Serum. Bli&s;tering Plai&s;ters are us'd with good &s;ucce&s;s; but they ought to be cautiou&s;ly applied to the outermo&s;t Parts, becau&s;e they extingui&s;h the native heat, and promote a Gangrene. Upon which account, Cau|&s;tics, which fortifie the Part with an <HI>E&s;chara,</HI> and do not attract the Humors &s;o violently, are more proper. But if the Di&s;ea&s;e be confirm'd, and if the Per&s;on be weak and cold, then they may introduce a Gangrene, or, at lea&s;t, will only give vent to the Water under the Skin, as not being able to extend their influence to the Cavities. Some choo&s;e to pair the Nails of the Toes very clo&s;e, and tye &s;trait Ligatures upon the Parts. The former Stratagem drains the Water, and the latter cuts off all further Sup|plies, and forces the impri&s;on'd Matter either to retire into the Lymphatic Ve&s;&s;els, or march out by the proper Pa&s;|&s;ages.</P>
<P>Having thus di&s;patch'd the fir&s;t Indication, we are ar|riv'd at the &s;econd, which was to corroborat the Stomac, and Cra&s;is of the Blood; for which end, chalybeat Medi|cines ought to be mix'd with the above mention'd Ingredi|ents, e&s;pecially to Worm-wood and Ground-Ivy; which la&s;t is of excellent u&s;e both inwardly and outwardly. The Salt of Wormwood coagulated with the Spirit of Salt; the Tincture of Tartar, Tincture of the Vitriol of Steel, the <HI>Terra foliata</HI> of Tartar, and the <HI>Lapis Fulmina|ris,</HI> pounded with Alcohol of Wine, and mix'd with the Powder of Snakes Ca&s;t-Coats, are much applauded for the &s;ame purpo&s;e.</P>
<P>If the Fibres of the Skin be weak and relaxated, it will not be improper to Bath it with the Spirit of Wine and &s;trong Waters; as for a&s;tringent Fomentations, I doubt they do more harm than good. If the Ve&s;&s;els or Organs be broke, we may add vulnerary Ingredients to the above
<PB N="312" REF="157">mention'd Specifics. If the difficulty of breathing be very trouble&s;ome, 'tis u&s;ual to give a dram of <HI>Sperma Caeti</HI> in <HI>Spani&s;h</HI> Wine, after vomiting. If Hydropical Per&s;ons be extream thir&s;ty, we mu&s;t be very cautious of plea&s;ing them, or an&s;wering their demands, &s;ince ab&s;tinence from Drink is the better part of the Cure. Nitre melted in the Mouth, Wine temper'd with Juice of Citrons, the dulcifi'd Spirit of Salt, Vinegar diluted with Chalybeat Water, and the Decoction of Juniper Berries in Whey, given for ordinary drinking, are of u&s;e for mitigating this Symptom.</P>
<P>In the mean while, it will not be improper to inject Cly&s;ters of hydropical Purgatives, and aromatic Ingredi|ents, or of Herrin-Pickle, or of a Child's Urine, impreg|nated with carminative Seeds in ca&s;e of Wind; or mix'd with Turpentin and Nitre. Nor will it be ami&s;s to apply di&s;cu&s;&s;ive Aromatics to the &s;oles of the Feet, Belly, and Cod. Such are the Leaves of Celandin the greater, Bags quilted with aromatic Seeds and Bran; Man's Ordure; Goats Dung boil'd in Mint-Water, or mix'd with Man's Urin in the form of a Catapla&s;m; Hor&s;e's Dung mix'd after the &s;ame method, with Meal of Barley and Vinegar. Quick-lime-Water mix'd with Spirit of Wine is of ex|cellent u&s;e for bathing the Legs, Belly, and Scrotum, e&s;pe|cially when a Gangrene is threaten'd, by the appearance of Spots. Catapla&s;ms made of Cockles bruis'd together with their Shells, and mix'd with Goats-Dung, are parti|cularly recommended by <HI>Thonerus.</HI> If the&s;e Catapla&s;ms prove unea&s;ie, they may be &s;hifted for aromatic Oyls; &s;uch as the Oyl of Scorpions, di&s;till'd Oyl of Juniper, Oyl of Bays, Oyl of Toads, mix'd with the Ointments <HI>Agrip|pae, Martiatum, &amp;c.</HI> Or, an Ointment made of Sulphur, Quick-lime, and the Extracts of &s;harp Plants. Some commend Bathing, but 'tis only of u&s;e again&s;t <HI>Ana&s;ar|ca</HI>'s.</P>
<P>It remains only to annex a few Recipe's for illu&s;trating the Method of pre&s;cribing.</P>
<P>Take of the Extract of <HI>Elaterium,</HI> fifteen or twenty grains; Ro&s;in of Jalap, from two to five grains; Troches Alhandal, one or two grains; di&s;till'd Oyl of Juniper, two drops. With E&s;&s;ence of Wormwood make Pills for a Hy|dropical Purge. To which we may premi&s;e the Tincture, Spirit or Salt of Tartar as a Dige&s;tive.</P>
<PB N="313" REF="157">
<P>Take of the Con&s;erve of Peach-Flowers, a dram; twelve grains of <HI>Mercurius vitae,</HI> mix'd with fifteen grains of &s;weet Mercury; Extract of <HI>Elaterium,</HI> a grain or two. With the Syrup of Buckthorn, make a Bolus for one Do&s;e.</P>
<P>Take of the Rob of Juniper, an Ounce and a half; Extract of Steel prepar'd with Juice of Apples, half an ounce; Powder of Rhubarb, two or three drams; with Cinnamon-Water make an Electuary for corroborating the Stomac.</P>
<P>Take of Swallow-wort Roots, two ounces; Leaves of Celandin the greater, Hore-hound and Wormwood, of each a handful; Citron and Orange-peel, of each &s;ix drams; Seeds of the A&s;h-tree, of Cumin, Fennel, and Annis, of each two or three drams; Juniper Berries bruis'd, an ounce and a half; Galangal, Cloves, Ginger, of each a dram; Salt of Tartar, &s;ix drams; infu&s;e them in Wine. Of which, let the Patient take a Draught frequently.</P>
<P>Take of the Salt of Vine-twigs, or that of Pigeons Dung, of each a dram; Powder of Toads, two &s;cruples. Make a Powder for two Do&s;es.</P>
<P>Take of the carminative Spirit <HI>de tribus,</HI> half an ounce; Spirit of <HI>Sal-Armoniac,</HI> two drams. Mix. Do&s;e half a dram twice a day.</P>
<P>Take of the Decoction of Camomil Flowers, half a Pound; Man's Urine, three Ounces; lenitive Electuary, &s;ix drams; di&s;till'd Oyl of Turpentin, a &s;cruple. Make a Cly&s;ter.</P>
<P>Take of the carminative Decoction, &s;ix Ounces; Man's Urine, three ounces; Ye&s;t, a Dram; common Salt, a &s;cru|ple; Hony of Ro&s;es, an ounce. Make a Cly&s;ter.</P>
<P>Take of Cockles and their Shells bruis'd, a Pound; Pow|der of Caraway-Seeds, two ounces; Goats Dung, an ounce. Make a Catapla&s;m, to be applied to the Belly and Cod.</P>
<P>Take of the Ointment of Sowbread, an Ounce; Oint|ment of <HI>Agrippa,</HI> half an ounce; Oyl of Scorpions, an Ounce and a half; di&s;till'd Oyl of Toads, three drams. Mix for a Liniment, and anoint the Belly frequently.</P>
</DIV5>
<DIV5 N="3" TYPE="article">
<PB N="314" REF="158">
<HEAD>ART. 3. <HI>Of the Yellow, Black, and White Jaundice.</HI></HEAD>
<P>A <HI>Jaundice</HI> is a cachectic di&s;po&s;ition of Body, attended by a preternatural Colour of the Skin; it is caus'd ei|ther by the corruption of the Chyle in the Stomac; or its vicious fermentation with the Bile and Juice of the <HI>Pan|creas</HI> in the <HI>Duodenum;</HI> or by the immediat putrification of the Ma&s;s of Blood. The fir&s;t cau&s;e defiles the Ma&s;s of Blood, and taints it with various Recrements according to the manner of its corruption. Hence Milk curdled in the Stomacs of Children, Summer-Fruits, Cucumbers, Fi&s;h, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> being converted into a mu&s;ty Crudity, will cau&s;e a <HI>Jaundice,</HI> by mixing the corrupt Chyle with the Blood, which being unfit for nouri&s;hment or a&s;&s;imilation, is thrown out in a &s;erous Vehicle upon the Glandules of the Skin, and &s;ometimes upon internal Glandules.</P>
<P>The <HI>Jaundices</HI> which follow Feavers, or extreme bleed|ing, which are attended by vomiting of yellow corrupt Mat|ter, mu&s;ty Belchings, Heart-burnings, and Excrements co|lour'd as in a healthy &s;tate, &s;eem to ari&s;e from this cau&s;e, and are accordingly cur'd by Vomits, and bitter &s;tomachi|cal Medicines.</P>
<P>The &s;econd Cau&s;e takes place when an Acid prevails, and the Bile is lazy or unactive, and either cannot make good its &s;ecretion through the Liver, and con&s;equently re|coils into the Blood; or, when &s;eparated, &s;tagnates in the Gall-Bladder, and &s;ettles into Stones, &s;o as to cau&s;e an Ob|&s;truction of the Pa&s;&s;age: Hence &s;ulphureous &s;trong Li|quors, that exalt the Oyl of the Bile, and cramp its active Volatil Salt, are frequently charg'd with cau&s;ing a Jaun|dice. Sometimes the Convul&s;ions of the neighbouring Membranes may contract the Gall-Bladder, and &s;o &s;hut up the Pa&s;&s;age, upon which account Vomiting, Colic-pains, Hy&s;teric Pa&s;&s;ions, and hard Labour in Child-bearing, are ob&s;erv'd to introduce this Di&s;ea&s;e. The prevalency of an Acid in the <HI>Duodenum,</HI> ari&s;ing either from the au&s;tere Re|crements of the Stomac, or the degeneracy of the Juice of the <HI>Pancreas,</HI> will al&s;o pervert the Chyle, and con&s;equent|ly the Ma&s;s of Blood. So that the greate&s;t part of Jaundices are wholly owing to a preternatural corrupt Acid in the
<PB N="315" REF="158">Stomac or <HI>Duodenum,</HI> and the inactivity or imperfect di|&s;tribution of the Chyle.</P>
<P>As for the third Cau&s;e, <HI>viz.</HI> The immediat putrefication of the Ma&s;s of Blood, 'tis occa&s;ion'd by Poy&s;on, birings of Vipers or Mad Dogs, malignant Ulcers, &s;uppre&s;&s;ion of the Terms, the Scurvy, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> And when a Jaundice &s;prings from this cau&s;e, the Stomac, Bile, and Colour of the Ex|crements continue in their natural &s;tate.</P>
<P>Now any of the&s;e three Cau&s;es will occa&s;ion a preterna|tural colour of the Skin, which always attends the Jaundice. For the Blood being vitiated and tinctur'd with corrupt Recrements, precipitats and throws 'em out in a &s;erous Vehicle upon the Skin, where the miliar Glandules are mo&s;t plentiful; and the&s;e vicious particles tincture the Skin, according to their various texture. If an urinous Oyl pre|vail, the Colour is yellow; if an Acid from the fir&s;t Pa&s;|&s;ages, it becomes green or black, and frequently a yellow Jaundice is converted to that of a Green or Black Colour, by the growing prevalency of the Acid. 'Tis true, the Ancients fancy'd that the Yellow Colour proceeded from a redundancy of Bile, and the Black from a melancholic Humour, imputed to the Spleen. But Experience teaches us, that the genuin Bile is apt to cau&s;e a red Colour; that &s;uch Medicines as whet and volatilize the Bile, are proper again&s;t this Di&s;ea&s;e; that a Yellow Jaundice becomes Black without any influence from the Spleen, and that there are &s;everal Yellow Jaundice's, in which the Bile is not redun|dant nor &s;top'd in its pa&s;&s;age, as tho&s;e which proceed from corrupt Chyle bred in the Stomac, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P>The Jaundice is call'd <HI>Secondary,</HI> when it follows other Di&s;ea&s;es; and if it be accompany'd by &s;igns of Concoction, 'tis <HI>Critical;</HI> if not, 'tis <HI>Symptomatical.</HI> But if it be in|dependent, and come of it &s;elf, 'tis a <HI>Primary</HI> Di&s;ea&s;e; and is u&s;her'd in by the&s;e Symptoms. <HI>Fir&s;t,</HI> a pre&s;&s;ing &s;trait|ning Pain girds the Brea&s;t, wearine&s;s po&s;&s;e&s;&s;es the Limbs, a loathing invades the Stomac, the re&s;piration becomes diffi|cult; and Giddine&s;s, Head-Aches, and Swoonings &s;ome|times clo&s;e up the rear. The Urin at fir&s;t is pale, after|wards (when the Blood begins to precipitat its Recrements) it becomes thick, ob&s;cure, as of a dark red Colour, and dies a Cloth yellow like Saffron. The Whites of the Eyes being enrich'd with many little Arteries, appear Yel|low; the Mouth is dry, and frequently mole&s;ted with a bitter ta&s;te, and aver&s;ion to Ale. Sometimes a Feaver ac|companies
<PB N="316" REF="159">a Jaundice, and &s;ometimes it does not. When the Bile is &s;topp'd, the Belly is co&s;tive, the Excrements White, and a violent pain mole&s;ts the right Hypocondrium, as being &s;uppos'd to proceed from Stones in the Gall-Bladder. In other ca&s;es, the Belly is open, and the Excrements repre&s;ent a bilious Colour. A Jaundice is dangerous when 'tis Black, or proceeds from a prevailing Acid, or &s;ucceeds to Chronical Di&s;ea&s;es, Quar|tan Feavers, ob&s;tructions of the Liver or Spleen, or &s;tones in the Gall-Bladder; in which la&s;t ca&s;e, tho' cur'd, it fre|quently relap&s;es. When the Urin becomes thich and Black, it progno&s;ticates a happy delivery.</P>
<P>The Cure con&s;i&s;ts in correcting the Acid and au&s;tere Fer|ment, proceeding from the Stomac and Inte&s;tines: or re|trieving the due texture and di&s;tribution of the Bile; and promoting the &s;eparation of the heterogeneous Particles. To obtain the&s;e ends, let an Antimonial Vomit be fir&s;t exhibited. Purgation is improper, e&s;pecially when the Ve&s;|&s;els of the Gall are &s;traiten'd, rather than ob&s;tructed; in which, the Vomits them&s;elves are not &s;o u&s;eful as in other ca&s;es. If it be needful to clear the Pa&s;&s;ages, Gum Am|moniac, and Tartar vitriolated, or &s;ome &s;uch laxative, will &s;uffice.</P>
<P>Of Specific Alteratives, the filings of Steel, or its Ex|tract prepar'd with Juice of Apples, or chalybeat Wine, and prepar'd Blood-&s;tone, which partakes much of Steel, are much the be&s;t; to which we join the Juice, Infu&s;ion, or Decoction of Celandin Roots in Wine; the E&s;&s;ence, Extract, or Decoction of Hore-hound; the Powder of Co|lombine-Seeds; the Con&s;erve of the Flowers of Broom, and St. <HI>John</HI>'s Wort, the Powder of Madder Roots; the Tin|cture, or Effence of Swallow-wort; the Decoctions of Silver-weed, Agrimony, Wormwood, le&s;&s;er Centory, Sou|thernwood, the five opening Roots, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Some recom|mend the Decoction of Rai&s;ins and Straw-berry-leaves, for ordinary drinking.</P>
<P>Be&s;ides the Vegetable Specifics, Earth-Worms or Wood|lice, given in Powder to a Dram; or the Spirit prepar'd from 'em; the Spirit and Tincture of Tartar, the carmina|tive Spirit <HI>de tribus,</HI> the Spirit of <HI>Sal-Armoniac,</HI> Spirit of Man's Urine; and the Urine it &s;elf drunk with the Juice of Hore-hound; are of noted efficacy. The Dung of Gee&s;e, or that of other Animals, given in Powder to a dram, is much approv'd. Some recommend the Stone taken out of
<PB N="317" REF="159">the Gall of an Ox, given to a dram; And the <HI>Bezoar</HI> Stone; or the <HI>Lapis Fulminaris,</HI> given to half a dram. Some order three or four living Lice to be &s;wallow'd.</P>
<P>In the declination of the Di&s;ea&s;e, gentle Laxatives mix'd with the above mention'd Specifics, are allowable, e&s;peci|ally Rhubarb given in Powder or Infu&s;ion; or the Infu&s;ion of Senna with Salt of Tartar; or the Flowers of <HI>Acacia,</HI> or tho&s;e of the wild Plum-Tree, infus'd in Wine, or in the ordinary Drink. In a Black Jaundice, the Extract of black Hellebor, mix'd with that of Steel, and Gum Ammoniac, is very u&s;eful.</P>
<P>The&s;e are the internal Medicins, proper to be given a|gain&s;t a Jaundice, as being all calculated for &s;harpening the Bile, &s;ubduing Acids, and promoting a regular chyli|fication: In the u&s;e of which, we ought &s;till to continue 'till the Urin become thick and black.</P>
<P>Externally &s;ome apply the Leaves of le&s;&s;er Centory, or Celandin Roots to the &s;oles of the Feet; and bathe the Bo|dy in hot Water, impregnated with Specific Plants, in or|der to open its Pores; or rub it all over with Bags of the Meal of Barly and Beans dipp'd in hot Water. Cata|pla&s;ms of the Leaves of Hore-hound, Celandin Roots, and Mi&s;leto of the Oak, beaten up with Wine and Vinegar, and applied to the Feet, are of excellent u&s;e for big-belly'd Wo|men, who dare not venture upon the u&s;e of internal Speci|fics.</P>
<P>It remains only to annex a few Examples of Recipe's.</P>
<P>Take of Aloes and Extract of le&s;&s;er Centory, of each a &s;cruple; Extract of Troches Alhandal, &s;ix grains; <HI>Mer|curius vitae,</HI> two grains. Make Pills for four Do&s;es.</P>
<P>Take of Columbine Seeds, &s;ix drams: With Celandin-Water make an Emul&s;ion; to which add Powder of Ivory, a dram and a half.</P>
<P>Take of Columbine Seeds in Powder, &s;ix drams; Saf|fron, one dram; Tartar vitriolat, half a dram. Make a Powder for &s;even Do&s;es, to be taken in Rheni&s;h Wine.</P>
<P>Take of chalybeat diaphoretic Antimony, and Turmeric-Roots, of each half a dram; volatil Salt of Harts-horn, half a &s;cruple. Make a Powder for two Do&s;es.</P>
<P>Take of Madder-roots, and tho&s;e of Celandin, of each an ounce; Leaves of Hore-hound, and tops of Worm|wood, of each a handful; Salt of Tartar, two drams. Make a Bag to be infus'd in Wine.</P>
<PB N="318" REF="160">
<P>Take of the Pulp of Rai&s;ins, half a Pound; choice Rhubarb, three drams; Tartar vitriolated, two drams. With Syrup of Cichory with Rhubarb make an Electu|ary.</P>
</DIV5>
<DIV5 N="4" TYPE="article">
<HEAD>ART. 4. <HI>Of the French Pox.</HI></HEAD>
<P>THE Symptoms of the <HI>French-Pox</HI> di&s;play them&s;elves mo&s;t in the part, thro' which the virulency is fir&s;t con|vey'd. If a Nur&s;e be infected by a &s;ucking Child, her Brea&s;ts are fir&s;t attack'd; if the Di&s;ea&s;e be contracted by lying in Bed with a fowl Per&s;on, the Skin and &s;urface of the Body are the chief place where its Retainers a&s;&s;emble. If the Embraces of a foul Woman give Being to it, the Yard, Groin, and adjacent Parts are the fir&s;t Scene of its tragical appearance. About two or three days after the Ve|nereal Adventure, a Heat and Inflammation &s;eizes the Ge|nitals, the Urine &s;calds, a &s;harp corroding Matter i&s;&s;ues from the Yard, inflames the Prepuce, and be&s;ets it with Pu&s;hes, which in tract of time degenerat into Ulcers; Bu|bo's, or hard &s;wellings appear in the Groin; Red yellow|i&s;h Spots are ob&s;erv'd in the Belly, Brea&s;t, Back, and Privi|ties, which when pre&s;s'd, a&s;&s;ume a whiti&s;h Colour, but quickly retrieve the former. In proce&s;s of time, the Wheals or Ulcers &s;pread over the Body, e&s;pecially the Forehead, Face and Palat; their Colour is livid, incli|ning to a Yellow; &s;ometimes they are dry, &s;caly, and of an unequal &s;urface; at other times they void &s;harp corrupt Matter, which frequently corrodes the &s;pungy Bones of the No&s;e and Palat. The Bones are cover'd with hard &s;tony Concretions, and the Limbs tortur'd with violent Night|pains, but &s;o as that the Joints are free; and in inveterat ca&s;es, become corrupt and rotten. Little Swellings call'd <HI>Condylomata,</HI> cover the Breech, and cru&s;ty Warts invade many parts of the Body. The Palms of the Hands, and Soles of the Feet are chopp'd and mole&s;ted with a burning Heat; the Hairs fall off from the Head, Eye-lids, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> the Palat of the Throat being relaxated or corroded, alters the Voice; the Ears tingle; and in fine, the whole Body becomes man|gy and &s;ordid, and, by degrees, moulders away. The Symptoms of Women differ not from tho&s;e of Men, except|ing what regards the form of their Genitals.</P>
<PB N="319" REF="160">
<P>The material cau&s;e of the Pox is a corro&s;ive acid Ferment joyn'd to a vi&s;cid Vehicle, which affects chiefly the glandu|lous and nervous parts; it depraves the Lymph and Serum, the nutritious Juice of the Bones, and the dewy Liquors of the whole Body; it corrodes the &s;olid parts; twitches the Membrans, and is every way qualify'd for being the Bane of Life, and Ruin of Mankind. 'Tis very infectious, and oft|times propagats it &s;elf among Bed-fellows, by Sweat or Mat|ter i&s;&s;uing from the Ulcers, by ki&s;&s;ing when the Lips are ul|cerated, by hereditary Succe&s;&s;ion, and many other ways, be&s;ides that of perfect Enjoyment.</P>
<P>If it be inveterat, or hereditary, or return after Salivation; if attended by the Scurvy, or ob&s;tructions of the Bowels, or trouble&s;ome Catarrhs; and if the Bones of the Head are cor|roded; it is not ea&s;ily cur'd. Dry hot Con&s;titutions are more in danger than tho&s;e who&s;e Bodies are moi&s;t and open. The forwardne&s;s and Suppuration of the Bubo's facilitats the Cure. If the Blood drawn forth become florid; and free of tho&s;e livid blewi&s;h Spots that u&s;e to appear in its &s;urface, and withal be not over &s;erous, 'tis a te&s;timony of a perfect Cure.</P>
<P>The Cure of the French Pox, which con&s;i&s;ts in attenuating the vi&s;cid Humors, correcting and extingui&s;hing the Acid, and evacuating both, is obtain'd either by &s;udorific Decocti|ons, or mercurial Salivations. The former are calculated for a recent Pox, and bilious, &s;corbutic, or melancholic Con|&s;titutions, to whom Mercury is &s;o pernicious; and ought to be preceded by Purgatives. The mo&s;t noted Ingredients are <HI>Guajacum</HI> and <HI>Sa&s;&s;aperilla.</HI> The Do&s;e of the former ought to be inlarg'd for cold Con&s;titutions; and that of the latter, for &s;uch as are hot. To the&s;e two I choo&s;e to add Juniper|wood.</P>
<P>The other Specifics are Burdock Roots, Soap-wort, Sa&s;|&s;afras, Box wood, Ma&s;tic wood, Oak wood, Ar&s;mart, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> The common Vehicle for &s;udorific Decoctions is Water; but when the Stomac is weak, we may add Wine towards the end of the Decoction. For emaciated Per&s;ons, &s;ome boyl 'em in Whey. When the&s;e Sudorifics are fir&s;t us'd, we ought not to be too ha&s;ty in forcing the Patient to &s;weat; but to wait &s;ome days 'till the Humors are gradually prepar'd, and the Body incline to it. Be&s;ides, if they happen to operat more by Urine, than by Stool, 'tis not proper to recall the Hu|mors that move that way; nay on the contrary, we ought to add Diuretics, and endeavour to di&s;charge the virulent mat|ter by the Pa&s;&s;age to which Nature directs. When the Hu|mors
<PB N="320" REF="161">are &s;ufficiently prepar'd and di&s;pos'd for &s;weating, the Patient may be moderatly cover'd up, and the Vertue of the Sudorific promoted by drinking warm Broth (the Decoction it &s;elf being al&s;o drunk warm) or kindling Spirit of Wine; and while he continues thus to &s;weat daily, let a Purge be ex|hibited every &s;eventh day.</P>
<P>Take of the &s;havings of <HI>Guajacum,</HI> &s;ix ounces; the rinds of <HI>Guajacum,</HI> two ounces; <HI>Sa&s;&s;aperilla</HI> roots, two ounces; &s;havings of Sa&s;&s;afras, an ounce; quick Silver purify'd by the addition of an Alcali, and Antimony in coar&s;e Powder, both ty'd in a Bag, of each a Pound. Macerat them in common Water for forty eight Hours; then boyl them till two thirds be evaporated. Some add Soap-wort, Hy&s;&s;op, Speedwell, Liquorice Roots, Rai&s;ins, Burdock Roots, Fennel Seeds, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> The Do&s;e of &s;uch a Decoction is from four to eight ounces, according to the circum&s;tances of the Patient: To be taken only in the Morning for two or three days without &s;weating. But after the&s;e preparatory Days are over, let the Patient be put into a dry or wet Bagnio, according as his Con&s;titution is moi&s;t or dry, about an hour after taking a Do&s;e. And after an Hour's &s;weating, let him retire to a Bed, where the Sweat may fini&s;h its progre&s;s of its own accord. But in the mean while the Sweat mu&s;t be carefully rub'd off, and the Sheets or Cloaths &s;hifted after &s;weating, and well wa&s;h'd and air'd before they be us'd again. This method mu&s;t be per&s;i&s;ted in for four or &s;ix Weeks, till all the Sym|ptoms di&s;appear, and the Di&s;ea&s;e be totally rooted out. In the Interim let the Diet be thin and dry. A &s;econd Decoction of the &s;ame Ingredients may be given for ordinary drinking; and Rai&s;ins, or &s;ome &s;uch light thing, for Supper.</P>
<P>If the Di&s;ea&s;e be inveterat, it will be needful to rai&s;e a Sa|livation by the u&s;e of Mercury; &s;ince &s;udorific Decoctions cannot of them&s;elves reach the Cure, tho' they may &s;till be u&s;eful during the progre&s;s of the Salivation, for attenuating and preparing the Humors: But they mu&s;t be &s;o order'd, that they do not procure Sweat. The be&s;t preparation of Mercury for internal u&s;e, in order to &s;alivat, is the red Pre|cipitat from Quick-&s;ilver di&s;&s;olv'd in the Spirit of Nitre and Allum, given to four grains, and repeated twice or thrice. Sweet Mercury is rather a Laxative, unle&s;s it be fix'd by fre|quent Sublimation, and mix'd with Yelks of Eggs. But the mo&s;t effectual way of procuring a Salivation, is that of inunction with mercurial Ointments. As,</P>
<PB N="321" REF="161">
<P>Take of Quick-&s;ilver purify'd, &s;ix ounces; Hogs Fat, not &s;alted, a pound. Mix them exactly and add of the Gelly of Ox Feet, half on ounce; Turpentine, three oun|ces; di&s;till'd Oyl of Turpentine, an ounce, make an Oint|ment. With which anoint the Soles of the Feet, Palms of the Hands, Wri&s;ts, Ancles, Elbows, Knees, and Backbone, from the Shoulders down to the <HI>Os &s;acrum,</HI> twice a Day for three &s;ucce&s;&s;ive Days. Two ounces of the Ointment will &s;uffice for each inunction, and about the fourth Day if the Salivation advance one inunction more will &s;erve. If it do not, we mu&s;t continue to anoint; and if all prove ineffe|ctual, we ought to ob&s;erve nicely where the Impediment lies. If the Stagnation and Vi&s;cidity of the Humors about the Brea&s;t retard the work, let a Vomit be exhibited; If want of &s;trength and Spirits, let the &s;udorific Decoctions be Admini&s;tred. The Salivation being obtain'd mu&s;t be conti|nu'd till the <HI>Saliva</HI> become foetid, and vi&s;cous, and apt to fall to the bottom in a Ve&s;&s;el full of Water, or &s;tick to its &s;ides. If the Salivation exceed its due bounds, let Opiats, Cly&s;ters, and Purgatives be us'd, as al&s;o Gold both held in the Mouth, and given inwardly.</P>
<P>After the Salivation is over it will be requi&s;it to &s;hift the Bed-Cloaths and wearing Cloaths, and to continue the u&s;e of the Decoctions of Woods. Which if the Salivation was imperfect may recal the Nocturnal Pains, by driving the remaining Acid, di&s;&s;olv'd by the Mercury, into the external Parts, but their continu'd u&s;e, with that of Mercury will overcome 'em. Purgation is al&s;o proper after the Sa|livation.</P>
<P>Before the Commencement of the Cure, as well by a Sali|vation as by Sweating, it is not ami&s;s to clean&s;e the fir&s;t Pa&s;|&s;ages by Vomits and Purges, that &s;o the humors may be more pliable, and the trouble&s;om Symptoms of the Brea&s;t prevented. If the Pox be inveterat, or if the virulent Matter be fix'd in the external Parts, one or two Purges will &s;uffice; &s;ince we ought to be cautious of recalling the humors to the Center. When the Matter is joyn'd to the fluid Juices, repeated Pur|gation is of u&s;e. For which end, Coloquyntida and &s;weet Mercury are the topping Ingredients. As,</P>
<P>Take of the extract of Black Hellebor, and &s;weet Mercu|ry, of each fifteen Grains; Scammony Sulphurat, and ex|tract of Troches Alhandal, of each two grains. With E&s;|&s;ence of Fumitory or that of Woods; Make Pills.</P>
<PB N="322" REF="162">
<P>Take of the Con&s;erve of Fumitory, a dram; Ro&s;in of Jalap, Sulphurat Scammony, of each &s;ix grains; Turbith Mineral, four grains. Make a Bolus.</P>
<P>Some add Purgatives to the Sudorific Woods; as like|wi&s;e volatil Salts, urinous Spirits, and Cinnabar of An|timony, together with the extracts and di&s;till'd Oyls of Woods. As,</P>
<P>Take of the &s;havings of Guajacum, four &s;cruples; Diaphoretic Sulphur of Antimony, a &s;ctuple; vola|til Salt of Vipers, twelve grains. Make a Powder for two Do&s;es. Or,</P>
<P>Take of <HI>Matthiolus</HI> his Quinte&s;&s;ence, half an ounce; Spirit of Venice Treacle, a dram; Cly&s;&s;us of Antimony, half a dram; Spirit of Guajacum, two drams. Mix for a Do&s;e, to be pour'd into each draught of the Sudorific De|coction.</P>
<P>Before we take leave of this Subject, it will be requi&s;it to con&s;ider the Symptoms, and account for their particular Cures. The fir&s;t that offers it &s;elf is the Clap, or virulent running of the Reins. This Symptom appears frequently by it &s;elf without the Pox, but if it be not &s;peedily cur'd degenerats into it. The cau&s;e of it is &s;ome &s;harp <HI>Mia&s;ma</HI>'s proceeding from Ulcers in the Womb, which in the time of Coition in&s;inuat them&s;elves thro' the Urethra and inlarged Pores of the Yard, into the <HI>Pro&s;tatae,</HI> and by fermenting corrupt their watery Juice, which in time becomes Corro&s;ive, Ulcerats the Glandules, and Excoriats the Urethra and Pre|puce. Hence the Symptoms of a Clap are, a violent pain about the Root of the Yard, where the&s;e Glandules are &s;eat|ed; a continual Efflux of di&s;colour'd matter, as being fir&s;t yellow, then green and blue; the Inflammation and oft|times Ulceration of the Nut of the Yard, the Corro&s;ion of the Urethra, follow'd by Caruncles, an in&s;ufferable Heat of Urine and a &s;queezing Pain girding the Yard, e&s;pecially in the Night-time, or when it attempts Erection. If a Clap con|tinue long it Excoriats and Wa&s;ts the Glandules, and &s;ome|times the malign ferment reaches the Stones, and cau&s;es their Swellings and Bubo's.</P>
<P>The fir&s;t &s;tep towards the Cure, is to clean&s;e the Body by purging with Coloquintida, the extract of black Hellebor and &s;weet Mercury, or rather the green precipitat prepar'd with Quick-lime; which tho' it may &s;eem at fir&s;t to exa&s;|perat the Symptoms, yet it lays the Foundation of the Cure. After Evacuation we proceed to Balmy, clean&s;ing, and heal|ing
<PB N="323" REF="162">Ingredients, in regard of the Ulcer of the <HI>Pro&s;tratae.</HI> Such are the di&s;till'd Oyl of Turpentine, the Turpentine Bal&s;am of Sulphur, joyn'd to <HI>Quercetanus</HI>'s Clap Water, the Juice of Lemons mix'd with Spirit of Turpentine and Cam|phyr, the Bal&s;am prepar'd of Sugar of Lead and Oyl of Tur|pentine, Oyl of Juniper, extract of Tormentil, Ro&s;in of Guajacum prepar'd with Tincture of Tartar, the Decoction of Quick-&s;ilver in Water, the Bal&s;am of <HI>Peru,</HI> and above all that call'd <HI>Capaivi,</HI> or its E&s;&s;ence prepar'd with Tartaris'd Spirit of Wine. Some commend the infu&s;ion of Cantha|rides in Wine. To the&s;e we may add the Bone of a Cut|tle, Diaphoretic Antimony, Chalybeat Bezoar, and what|ever &s;ubdues a prevailing Acid. If the Infection have alrea|dy reach'd the Blood, it will be needful to admini&s;ter Deco|ctions of Woods, and the above mention'd &s;udorifics, mix'd with the E&s;&s;ences of Woods, and Tincture of Coral.</P>
<P>Take of Turbith mineral, &s;ix or eight grains; With Con|&s;erve of Ro&s;es make a Bolus.</P>
<P>Take of <HI>Extractum Catholicum,</HI> fifteen grains; the green precipitat Mercury, &s;ix grains; extract of Troches Alhan|dal, two grains; with the E&s;&s;ence of Woods, or di&s;till'd Oyl of Amber make Pills.</P>
<P>Take of the extract of Tormentil, an ounce; Sugar of Lead, half an ounce; Camphyr, two drams. With di&s;till'd Oyl of Turpentine. Make Pills.</P>
<P>Take of the Bal&s;am of Sulphur, prepar'd with Oyl of Turpentine, two drams; Bal&s;am of <HI>Capaivi,</HI> a dram. Mix Do&s;e fifteen drops, twice a Day.</P>
<P>Externally for clean&s;ing the Ulcers, we inject Quick-lime Water, in which Aloe, Myrrh, Honey of Ro&s;es, Sugar of Lead, and &s;weet Mercury are di&s;&s;olv'd. If the Ulcers tend to a Cancer we add <HI>&V;nguentum Aegyptiacum;</HI> or if an Ul|cer appear in the Nut of the Yard, we wa&s;h it with a &s;o|lution of &s;ublimat Mercury in the &s;ame Water. If the Te|&s;ticles are inflam'd, we apply Catapla&s;ms of the Meal of Beans and Cumin&s;eeds boyl'd in Vinegar and Water, and mix'd with Litharge; or anoint 'em with a Liniment of the Bal&s;am of Sulphur, Oyl of Cummin, and Ointment of Mar&s;h-mallows; and if any hardne&s;s remain, di&s;cu&s;s it with a Plai&s;ter of Gum Ammoniac and the Plai&s;ter of Hem|lock. The Plai&s;ter <HI>de Ranis</HI> with Mercury is of excel|lent u&s;e for other places; but for the Te&s;ticles 'tis not &s;o proper, for fear the Mercury &s;hould extingui&s;h their fer|ment. If the Prepuce be inflam'd, foment it with the
<PB N="324" REF="163">Phlegm of Vitriol, or Di&s;&s;olution of Sugar of Lead in Lime Water.</P>
<P>A Clap in Women is cur'd after the &s;ame manner, and attended by Symptoms of the &s;ame Nature.</P>
<P>The next Symptom we take notice of, is that of Bubo's or Glandulous &s;wellings, occa&s;ion'd by the S<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">agnation of vi&s;cid Lymph. Their &s;uppuration ought to be promoted by ap|plying <HI>Sala</HI>'s Magnetic Plai&s;ter, or Toads &s;oak'd in Vine|gar, or the Plai&s;ter <HI>de Ranis</HI> with Mercury, &s;often'd with Oyl of Guajacum or foetid Oyl of Tartar, or the Plai&s;ter of Hemlock, mix'd with Soap. When the Bubo's are &s;uffi|ciently &s;often'd, let 'em be open'd, with a Cau&s;tic, or a Lance, and kept long open by applying the Bal&s;am of St. <HI>John</HI>'s wort, with Oyl of Tartar, and the Plai&s;ter O|podeldoch. If either the Suppuration or Clean&s;ing ad|vance but &s;lowly, Cupping-gla&s;&s;es are of u&s;e, for attenu|ating the &s;tubborn Matter. But after all, if there be any ground for &s;u&s;pecting a Cancer, we mu&s;t lay a&s;ide the thoughts of Suppuration, and indeavour the Cure internally, by admini&s;tring fir&s;t the Decoction of Guajacum, then Pur|gatives, and in the la&s;t place the Spirit and Salt of Vipers: And if the&s;e prove ineffectual, by the univer&s;al Method for the Pox.</P>
<P>As for the Pu&s;hes and Pimples that attend the Pox, 'tis convenient to wa&s;h 'em, with the Decoction of Woods, and Oyl of Tartar; and touch 'em gently with &s;ome Spirit impregnated with the Tincture of Copper, or with the fol|lowing Mixture. Take of Plantane Water, &s;ix ounces; Sublimat Mercury, four &s;cruples; Allum, half an ounce. Mix and apply with a Feather. This mixture is al&s;o pro|per for the Swellings of the fundament; unle&s;s they be ve|ry large, in which ca&s;e we Root 'em out with Ligatures, or with a Knife, and apply the mixture to the remains. Warts are remov'd by applying Oyl of Vitriol or <HI>Aqua Fortis.</HI></P>
<P>The Ulcers u&s;ually di&s;appear after Salivation. Other|wi&s;e they are cleans'd by applying the Solution of Sublimat Mercury in Plantane Water, or an Ointment of common Oyl, Ceru&s;s, Red Lead, Sublimat Mercury and white Wax. After they are &s;ufficiently cleans'd, as the laudable Colour of the Pus and &s;ides of the Wound will di&s;cover, we apply the Decoction of Woods and vulnerary Plants, with Sugar of Lead and Lime Water, and the Plai&s;ter <HI>Dia&s;ulphu|ris</HI> with that of Norinberg. The external Ulcers of the Yard are treated after the &s;ame manner. If they are inter|nal,
<PB N="325" REF="163">we inject the above-mention'd Liquors, or put in a Wax Candle cover'd with the foregoing Ointment. For tho&s;e of the Womb, the &s;ame method will &s;uffice. As for Ulcers of the Mouth and Palate, we mu&s;t take care that the Cau&s;tic when applied be not &s;wallow'd down; if they are &s;eated in the upper &s;ide of the Palate, we inject the healing Decoctions thro' the No&s;e. Such are the Decoctions of Plantane, Self-heal, Scabious, of each a handful; red Ro&s;es, two little handfuls; Sar&s;aperilla, an ounce; Guajacum and red Sanders, of each &s;ix drams; Sumac, half an ounce. To two pound and a half of the &s;train'd Liquor, we add two ounces of the Syrup of dry Ro&s;es, and as much of that of Mulberries. The Ulcers of the No&s;e ought to be fir&s;t wa&s;h'd with emollient Decoctions and Oyls, by rea&s;on of their Cru&s;t; and then with the A&s;tringent Vulnerary Deco|ctions, mix'd with Allum and Lime Water.</P>
<P>The Chops of the Hands and Feet are wa&s;h'd with the Decoction of Woods, &s;weet Mercury, and Quick-lime; to which if the Chops be hard, we add emollient Ingredients; after wa&s;hing we anoint 'em with Sublimat or &s;weet Mercu|ry, and the Oyl of Tartar, incorporated with <HI>&V;nguentum Enulatum.</HI></P>
<P>If the Bones be Rotten, we &s;crape 'em with a Knife, or, if that method prove &s;ucce&s;sle&s;s, we apply a hot Iron, and then wa&s;h 'em with Spirit of Wine. The Bones of the Palat mu&s;t be cover'd with a Plate of Silver or Gold. For pains in the Bones remaining after the general Cure, we apply the following Plai&s;ter. Take of <HI>Vigo</HI>'s Plai&s;ter, with a quadruple quantity of Mercury, an ounce and a half; Ex|pre&s;s'd Oyl of Nutmegs, and Opium di&s;&s;olv'd in Vinegar, of each half an ounce; thicken'd juice of Tobacco, and common Cinnabar, of each an ounce; Saffron, &s;ix drams. With Turpentine make a Plai&s;ter. If a &s;welling remain af|ter the Pains are over. apply Clouts dip'd in fre&s;h Butter boyl'd in Wine till it Evaporat.</P>
<P>The hard &s;tony Concretions that frequently be&s;et the Bones yield to a Salivation, interlac'd with preparations from Vipers and Antimony. Externally we apply <HI>Vigo's</HI> Plai&s;ter, with a quadruple quantity of Mercury, &s;often'd with the di&s;till'd Oyl of Guajacum, or the following Com|po&s;ition. Take of <HI>Diachylon,</HI> with Gums, and Oyl of O|lives, of each four ounces; new Wax, an ounce; black Pepper, half an ounce; common Salt, two drams; Spani&s;h Flies, a dram; Mu&s;tard-&s;eed, a &s;cruple; thicken'd Hony,
<PB N="326" REF="164">two &s;cruples: Make a Plai&s;ter to be applied above a piece of very fine Linnen, and ty'd fa&s;t to the part, the Linnen underneath being chang'd twice a day. If the&s;e hard &s;wel|lings are very painful, apply a Liniment of the Oyl of Turpentin, di&s;till'd Oyl of Guajacum, Quick-&s;ilver and O|pium: Some apply a Plate of Lead cover'd with Mercu|ry; or a Plate of malleable Mercury prepar'd thus. Take of Lead a Pound, and melt it; while 'tis yet liquid, put a Bar of Iron into it 'till it begin to thicken. Then &s;hift the Iron, and put an ounce of Quick-&s;ilver into its place, where 'twill congeal. After 'tis thus congeal'd, &s;eparate it with a Knife, and boyl it thrice in a Pound of Oyl, till the Oyl be &s;et on fire every time.</P>
<P>If this Method prove ineffectual, apply bli&s;tering-Plai&s;ters, and cut I&s;&s;ues above the Part, or open the Tumor with an actual Cau&s;tic, and keep it open for a long time.</P>
<P>The Scab and Tetter that &s;ometimes attend the Pox, are remov'd by touching 'em with the &s;olution of &s;ublimat Mercury in Ar&s;mart-Water; and applying the Oyl of <HI>Tartar per deliquium,</HI> with Hogs-fat.</P>
<P>The Head-Aches are cur'd by applying <HI>Vigo</HI>'s Plai&s;ter, with Mercury, Ca&s;tor, and <HI>Laudanum Opiatum;</HI> or by trepana|tion, if the Venereal virulency be extingui&s;h'd. The ting|ling in the Ears is cur'd by injecting the Infu&s;ion of Gua|jacum, Ca&s;tor and Mint in A&s;&s;es Urine, or the following E&s;&s;ence.</P>
<P>Take of Sa&s;&s;afras Wood and Lavender-Flowers, of each a Dram; Guajacum-Bark and Ca&s;tor, of each half a dram; Cloves a &s;cruple; Spirit of Wine, three Ounces. Dige&s;t for &s;ome Days, and &s;train the E&s;&s;ence for u&s;e.</P>
</DIV5>
<DIV5 N="5" TYPE="article">
<HEAD>ART. 6. <HI>Of the Hypocondriac and Scorbutic Di&s;ea&s;es.</HI></HEAD>
<P>THere's a &s;ort of Cachexy that frequently reigns in our <HI>Northern</HI> Climats, who&s;e Symptoms appearing mo&s;tly in the <HI>Hypocondria,</HI> have Chri&s;ten'd it the <HI>Hypocondri|ac Evil.</HI> And when its Symptoms are very fierce and exalt|ed, 'tis intituled the <HI>Scurvy;</HI> a Name given it by the <HI>Saxons</HI> in <HI>North-Germany,</HI> who are mo&s;t liable to it. The better part of Authors upon this Subject, being amus'd with its
<PB N="327" REF="164">Symptoms and Effects, have vainly fancy'd to e&s;tabli&s;h its o|riginal Seat in &s;everal Bowels, that are only accidentally concern'd. For if they trac'd it to its &s;tate of Infancy, and fir&s;t Beginning, they had pitch'd upon the Stomac for the place of its Nativity; and the Acid Vi&s;cous Crudities that a faulty Dige&s;tion occa&s;ions, for its Cau&s;es.</P>
<P>For our further &s;atisfaction in this matter, we &s;hall briefly run over its Symptoms: And if we find that they owe their Being to an Acid Crudity in the Stomac, &s;hall reckon that we've made our point good: In the fir&s;t place, the Appe|tit is oft-times over-keen in Hypochondriac Per&s;ons, their Dige&s;tion being weak, and follow'd by Convul&s;ive or Weigh|ty pains in the Stomac, Belchings, Wind and noi&s;e, e&s;pecial|ly in the left &s;ide of the Belly, where the Colon is &s;traiten'd; they are always Co&s;tive, and Laxatives operate better in them than proper Purgatives: If an Artificial or Natural Vomiting happen, they throw up Acid Matter, which &s;tu|pifies the Teeth, and corrodes a Copper Ve&s;&s;el, &s;o as to render it ru&s;ty: After eating, they are oft-times &s;eiz'd with a gnawing pain in the Stomach, reaching along the Back, from the lower part to the Neck of the Gullet, (which &s;ome mi&s;|call <HI>Nephritic Pains</HI>) as al&s;o by &s;udden flu&s;hings in the Face; wringing pains in the Guts, palpitations of the Heart, per|turbation of Mind, and a difficulty of breathing, occa&s;ion'd either by vi&s;cous Crudities di&s;tending the Stomac, or Con|vul&s;ions of the Midriff and Mu&s;cles of the Brea&s;t, or Wind in the <HI>Abdomen</HI> hindring the de&s;cent of the Midriff. In proce&s;s of time, hard Tumors &s;ometimes infe&s;t the Intrals, and the convul&s;ive Contractions of the Fibres of the Branches of the <HI>Arteria Caeliaca</HI> cau&s;e beatings about the Loins. While their Stomac is empty, they are apt to be giddy, and dull; they're liable to Head-aches, lo&s;s of Memory, Fear, Grief, aukward Dreams, and vain Imaginations. Their Pul&s;e is very incon&s;tant, and all their Symptoms lyable to periodical Exa&s;perations. Frequently they are &s;en&s;ible (as it were) of Fumes ri&s;ing upward from the Belly, and the Paroxy&s;m re|&s;embles a <HI>Hy&s;terical</HI> Fit. In the Paroxy&s;m the Colour and Con|&s;i&s;tence of their Urine is incon&s;tant; but when 'tis over, re|turns to a natural Order. The&s;e are the Symptoms of Hy|pochondriac Per&s;ons; but all of 'em are rarely to be &s;een in one Per&s;on. The mo&s;t certain Symptoms that always at|tend, are Gripings and Wind in the Guts, a weak Stomac, Co&s;tivene&s;s and perturbation of the Head.</P>
<PB N="328" REF="165">
<P>The Symptoms being thus premis'd, let us now enquire after their Cau&s;e. The fir&s;t Cau&s;e is a vicious Acid in the Stomac, enlarging the Appetit, but unfit for Dige&s;tion. Hence en&s;ues an Acid Crudity in the fir&s;t Pa&s;&s;ages, which depraves the Cra&s;is of the Blood, prevents the due &s;epara|tion of volatil Spirits upon which the Lymph becomes A|cid, and the Bile inactive.</P>
<P>The&s;e are the &s;ources of all the preceding Symptoms, &s;ince Wind, Noi&s;e, griping in the Guts, and co&s;tivene&s;s, are the natural re&s;ult of a vi&s;cous. Acid in the fir&s;t Pa&s;&s;ages; as flu&s;h|ings in the Face ari&s;e from its efferve&s;cence with the Bile. The Convul&s;ions of the nervous Membranes in &s;everal parts of the Body, are the effect of its irritation; its Crudity impairs the due fermentation of the Blood, and cau&s;es a palpitation of the Heart, and difficulty of breathing; it depraves the Nu|tritious Juice of the Bowels, which &s;ettles into hard Swel|lings, and occa&s;ions a degeneracy and au&s;terity in the Spirits; hence Fear, Melancholy, irregular Thoughts, and uncooth emotions en&s;ue.</P>
<P>The remore cau&s;es that promote Crudities, are acid Li|quors, or &s;alt Victuals, or &s;uch as are dryed in Smoak; &s;ince both partake of the Acid Spirit of Salt or Soot: Want of motion to promote Dige&s;tion, and the &s;peedy a&s;&s;imilation of Chyle; nocturnal Study or Care exhau&s;ting the Spirits, impoveri&s;hing the Blood, and rendering the Lymph A|cid. So much for the Symptoms and Cau&s;es of the Hy|pocondriac Di&s;ea&s;e.</P>
<P>When this depravation, deriv'd from Acid Crudities in the Stomac, is carried &s;o high, that the Blood, Lymph, and all the Juices of the Body are notably perverted, and the vici|ous Acid becomes volatil, malignant, and apt to multiply its influence by Contagion or Hereditary Succe&s;&s;ion, it is &s;til'd the Scurvy; and is generally attended by &s;uch a numberle&s;s train of various Symptoms, that 'tis cu&s;tomary to charge it with every uncommon Symptom even of other Di&s;ea&s;es. The peculiar Qualities of this &s;corbutical Ferment, are the&s;e. 1. An aptne&s;s to attack the Glandules, and pervert their Lymph. 2. A mortal Enmity to the nervous Sy&s;teme; as appears by the following enumeration of its Symptoms.</P>
<P>Scorbutical Per&s;ons are troubled with a wearine&s;s, weak|ne&s;s, &s;en&s;e of weight, and a dull ob&s;cure pain in the Limbs. Their Appetit is either too fierce, or quite dejected: Their Gums are liable to Excre&s;cences, Swellings, and Ulcers; and when rub'd, void either a &s;alti&s;h, bloody, or &s;erous hu|mour;
<PB N="329" REF="165">their Teeth are loo&s;e and corroded; their Mouth &s;tinks; their Spittle is very &s;alt, and &s;ometimes plainly A|cid, e&s;pecially in a Morning; they are oft-times mole&s;ted with Nocturnal Sweats; and Red, Yellow, or Black Spots upon the Arms and Legs, &s;ometimes as &s;mall as Flea-bites, &s;ometimes as large as a Crown-piece; and &s;ometimes the Limbs are be&s;et with rough &s;caly Swellings like Mea&s;les; their Skin oft-times itches, and when 'tis &s;cratched, be|comes red, or tends to a &s;ordid Ulcer.</P>
<P>Their Urin is high colour'd, or precipitats a red &s;andy fle&s;h|colour'd &s;ediment, or fa&s;tens red friable Sand upon the &s;ides and bottom of the Urinal; a fat Cru&s;t or Skin &s;wims on the top, and if look'd upon &s;ide-ways, appears parti-colour'd like a Pea|cock's Tail; after the Urine is thrown out, the Urinal re|tains a bluei&s;h Colour, which is not ea&s;ily wa&s;h'd off.</P>
<P>They are infe&s;ted with a difficulty of Breathing, and wan|dring Pains gird the Loins and Back, and wring, nay, &s;ome|times di&s;tend and harden the Belly; and are oft-times fol|low'd by red Pimples in the Skin, which di&s;appear &s;uddenly. Sometimes they are &s;eiz'd with nocturnal Pains in their Limbs, &s;hifting from the Arms to the Feet, and <HI>&egrave; contra.</HI> After vio|lent wringing Pains, their external parts frequently become paralytic. Sometimes Convul&s;ions and Hy&s;terical Symptoms &s;eize 'em. Sometimes &s;etled fix'd pains invade the Head and Limbs, e&s;pecially in the Night-time; and re&s;emble tho&s;e of the <HI>French Pox.</HI> Sometimes their Legs are infe&s;ted by hard &s;tony Concretions that are void of pain, unle&s;s they walk: The Stomac is frequently provok'd to vomiting; and their Guts to bloody Stools, which are voided without gripings, and after the other Excrements, and &s;o are ea&s;ily di&s;tin|gui&s;h'd from the Bloody-flux or the Piles. They are al&s;o liable to frequent effu&s;ions of blue or greeni&s;h Blood from other parts of the Body; and to a St. <HI>Anthony</HI>'s Fire in their Legs, which if indi&s;creetly manag'd, becomes a Gangrene or a malign Ulcer. Their Pul&s;e is unequal frequently very &s;mall, and oft-times intermits. When the Di&s;ea&s;e is invete|rat, they're &s;ubject to Catarrhs, Defluxions, Excoriations, Ulcers, and Con&s;umptions.</P>
<P>From the&s;e premi&s;es we draw this Conclu&s;ion, that the immediat cau&s;e of the Scurvy is a volatil &s;aline Acid, which irritats the Nerves and Membranes, &s;harpens the Lymph, Debauches the innate Spirits of the parts, and perverts the equal temperature of the Blood. The remote Cau&s;es are
<PB N="330" REF="166">the Sea-Air impregnated with &s;alin Acid Vapors, &s;alt and vi&s;cous Food, Lazine&s;s, Weakne&s;s of Dige&s;tion, Infection, a hereditary Conveyance, and the influence of Chronical Di&s;ea&s;es. <HI>Charleton</HI> di&s;tingui&s;hes a hot Scurvy proceeding from a Sulphur and a fix'd Salt, from that which is Cold, and &s;prings from an Acid; as likewi&s;e <HI>Willis,</HI> who refers the cau&s;e of hot and cold Scurvy's to the prevalency of Sulphur or Salt. But all the&s;e differences proceed only from the various Con&s;titutions of Patients, thwarting or pro|moting the efforts of the &s;corbutical Cau&s;e.</P>
<P>A Scurvy frequently joins it &s;elf to other Di&s;tempers, in &s;o much, that without a particular regard to it, they can|not be cur'd. The Signs that argue for the pre&s;ence of it, are the&s;e,</P>
<P N="1">1. The Heat and tickling of the Gums, and effu&s;ion of &s;alt, watry, or &s;tinking Blood.</P>
<P N="2">2. A purple Half-Moon under the Eyes.</P>
<P N="3">3. Little red Spots like Flea-bites on the Thighs and Legs.</P>
<P N="4">4. The weakne&s;s of the Knees.</P>
<P N="5">5. The &s;tinking of the Mouth, e&s;pecially when the Sto|mac is empty.</P>
<P N="6">6. Sudden and unaccountable Flu&s;hings all over the Bo|dy.</P>
<P N="7">7: The flame-Colour of the Urine, without a Feaver; or red friable Sand &s;ticking to the bottom or &s;ides of the U|rinal.</P>
<P>If the Scurvy be recent it admits of a Cure. If Inveterat, it requires a continued U&s;e of proper Medicines for a long time; and frequently terminates in fatal Drop&s;ies, Cachex|ies, Ob&s;tructions of the Bowels, or Con&s;umptions. If a difficulty of breathing attend it, 'tis very dangerous, and frequently fini&s;hes the Tragedy in a Swoon. Co&s;tivene&s;s and &s;uppre&s;&s;ion of the Piles or wonted Evacuations are bad Omens. A weak and unequal Pul&s;e is le&s;s to be fear'd than in other Di&s;ea&s;es. Black Urine, without a Feaver, is well look'd upon, as being a &s;ign of the &s;olution of the Di&s;|ea&s;e. Red Spots are a good Sign. But Black, Livid, or Blue ones and Ulcers are very bad. Night-&s;weats with florid eruptions, frequently give relief. The Symptoms of a Scurvy are oft-times mutually exchang'd: Thus wand|ring pains are &s;hifted for a fix'd Head-Ache; the Colick and Convul&s;ions for a Pal&s;y, or incon&s;tant Swellings; grie|vous
<PB N="331" REF="166">pains for a Lethargy, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> A hot Scurvy, or &s;uch as proceeds from bad Diet, and has fix'd Symptoms; is not ea&s;ily Cur'd. A Loo&s;ene&s;s attending a Scurvy is an unlucky Companion. In fine, all Progno&s;tics relating to a Scurvy are very uncertain; for &s;ometimes di&s;mal Symptoms di&s;ap|pear on a &s;udden, and meeker Signs are &s;urpriz'd by Death.</P>
<P>The Cure of Hypocondriac and Scorbutical Di&s;ea&s;es con|&s;i&s;ts in Correcting and Evacuating the Crudities of the fir&s;t Pa&s;&s;ages, fortifying the Stomac, retrieving the due Cra&s;is of the Blood, and re&s;toring all wonted Evacuations to their former Cour&s;e. In order to compa&s;s the&s;e ends, let the fol|lowing Rules be heedfully minded.</P>
<P N="1">1. Blood-letting and I&s;&s;ues are of no direct u&s;e. Some|times indeed, indirectly, a Scorbutical Catarrh may reap Be|nefit from the latter; as the Head-ache and fix'd Pains in the Legs, may ju&s;tifie the former.</P>
<P N="2">2. Diuretics are always proper, and a plentiful evacua|tion of Urine was ever ob&s;erv'd to give relief. In the be|ginning of the Di&s;ea&s;e gentle Diuretics are be&s;t, for fear of draining the Morbifical cau&s;e out of the fir&s;t Pa&s;&s;ages into the Ve&s;&s;els. Such are the volatil and fix'd <HI>Alcali's, viz. Arca|num Duplicatum,</HI> Spirit of Earth Worms, Tincture of <HI>Tar|tar,</HI> Spirit of Sal-Armoniac, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P N="3">3. Dry Vomits given in large Do&s;es, u&s;her'd in by Dige|&s;tives; and in ca&s;e of Co&s;tivene&s;s, proper Cly&s;ters; are the Ba&s;is of the Cure of the Hypocondriac Di&s;ea&s;e. In a form'd Scurvy they are improper, as being apt to &s;tir up and exa&s;|perate the &s;harp &s;corbutical Juices.</P>
<P N="4">4. Purgatives waken the Symptoms of the Belly, and up|on that account are ju&s;tly avoided. But Laxatives are very u&s;eful.</P>
<P N="5">5. Attenuating Gums and other &s;uch Ingredients, are always u&s;eful for cutting the vi&s;cous Humours that give Be|ing to the Hypocondriac Di&s;ea&s;es</P>
<P N="6">6. The Belly ought to be always kept open.</P>
<P N="7">7. When Aperients, by opening and unlocking the Ob&s;tru|ctions of the Bowels, cau&s;e a Flux or Dy&s;entery; let the Guts be corroborated by <HI>Elixir Proprietatis,</HI> Tincture of Coral, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P N="8">8. Chalybeats and dry Ab&s;orbents are not always of equal u&s;e in the Hypocondriac Di&s;ea&s;e; for, if the Bowels are mole&s;ted with hard Swellings, moi&s;t, liquid Aperients are preferable.</P>
<P N="9"><PB N="332" REF="167">9. Anti&s;corbutics are u&s;eful again&s;t the Hypocondriac Di&s;ea&s;e as well as again&s;t the Scurvy.</P>
<P N="10">10. Bilious Con&s;titutions, or &s;uch as are rul'd by a Vo|latil &s;harp Alcali, are oft-times offended by volatil Anti-&s;cor|butics, and oily Aromatics. Wherefore 'tis advi&s;able in that ca&s;e, to qualifie the former with Spirit of Nitre or Whey; and &s;hift the latter for meagre thin Salts, and Chalybeat Ab|&s;orbent Powders.</P>
<P N="11">11. Vinegar is pernicious. But the acid Juices of Fruits are allowable.</P>
<P N="12">12. Volatil, &s;harp Anti&s;corbutics, ought always to be u&s;her'd in, and &s;ometimes interlac'd, with chalybeat Powders, or alcalin Salts.</P>
<P N="13">13. When the &s;corbutical Acid is corrected, and the Stomac able to dige&s;t, Milk mix'd with Spirit of <HI>Sal-Armoniac,</HI> or that of Scurvy-gra&s;s, is of excellent u&s;e; it tempers the Acid, qualifies the &s;harp Salt, and bedews the nervous parts. For Hypocondriac Per&s;ons 'tis not &s;o proper as Whey.</P>
<P N="14">14. Sweet Mercury is fitly mix'd with Laxatives for Hy|pocondriacal Per&s;ons; but 'tis pernicious to &s;uch as are Scor|butical, tho' Antimony be very u&s;eful.</P>
<P>Having premis'd the&s;e cautionary Rules, we proceed to the Method of Cure. In which, dige&s;tive Preparatives lead the van. Such are Cetrach, Hy&s;&s;op, le&s;&s;er Centory, Sa&s;&s;afras, Myrrh, China-root, and the fix'd Salts of Plants; Crabs-Eyes, Ca&s;tor, Amber, Coral, Steel, and Ab&s;orbent Chalybeat Powders; excepting the Powders of Stones par|taking of Steel, &s;uch as Blood-&s;tone, the Load-&s;tone, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> &s;ince the number of their a&s;tringent earthy parts &s;urmounts that of the Chalybeat, and joins with the Acid in the fir&s;t Pa&s;&s;ages into a &s;typtic Body, cau&s;ing Co&s;tivene&s;s. From the above mention'd Ingredients, we draw &s;everal Preparations, &s;uch as the Extract of Steel; the tinctures of the Vitriol of Steel, of Tartar, and of the dro&s;s of the <HI>Regulus</HI> of Antimony; The Hypocondriac Dige&s;tive Salt, (<HI>viz.</HI> the <HI>Caput mortuum</HI> of the Spirit of <HI>Sal-Armoniac</HI>) Tartar vitriolated; the <HI>Terra Foliata</HI> of Tartar, (prepar'd by impregnating Salt of Tartar with Vinegar, then di&s;&s;olving it in &s;pirit of Wine, and drawing off the Spirit) <HI>Poterius</HI>'s Antihectic, Chalybeat Bezoar, <HI>Elixir-Proprietatis</HI> prepar'd without an Acid, and e&s;pecially <HI>Arca|num duplicatum.</HI> For Example,</P>
<PB N="333" REF="167">
<P>Take of Fennel and Mint-water, of each an Ounce and a half; the &s;olution of Steel, with the Juice of Apples, half an Ounce; Magi&s;tery of Coral prepar'd with the Juice of Ci|trons, a dram; Syrup of Orange-peel, &s;ix drams. Mix, and exhibit two or three &s;poonfuls Morning and Evening, for correcting a Hypocondriac Acid.</P>
<P>Take of the aperient Crocus of Steel, half a dram; <HI>Ar|canum duplicatum,</HI> a &s;cruple; Salt of Wormwood, half a &s;cruple. Make a Powder for three Do&s;es.</P>
<P>Take of the aperitive Tincture of Steel, two drams; Spi|rit of Scurvy-gra&s;s, a dram; Spirit of <HI>Sal-Armoniac,</HI> half a dram. Mix. Do&s;e fifty drops.</P>
<P>After the&s;e preparatives are us'd for a Week or two, 'tis time to admini&s;ter a Vomit of the Infu&s;ion of <HI>Crocus Metallorum,</HI> mix'd with the Spirit of Scurvy-gra&s;s. Or thus,</P>
<P>Take of <HI>Dorncrellius</HI>'s Anti-&s;corbutic Water, two Ounces; &s;pirit of Scurvy-gra&s;s, half a dram; emetic Tartar, three or four grains; Extract of Steel, half a &s;cruple. Mix, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P>Next in order are gentle Laxatives, e&s;pecially in a hot Scurvy; &s;uch are the Pills of Ammoniac, or tho&s;e of Tartar mix'd with &s;weet Mercury, which is of excellent u&s;e again&s;t Co&s;tivene&s;s: For Re&s;inous Purgatives ought to be avoided, as being endow'd with an a&s;tringent quality. Wherefore Aloes, who&s;e Gummy part is of good u&s;e, ought always to be di&s;|&s;olv'd in a watry Vehicle, that &s;o its Ro&s;in may be &s;eparated. Sometimes we mix Laxatives with Specific Alteratives, and continue their u&s;e for &s;ome time. And whet 'em if there be occa&s;ion, with Coloquintida or Troches Alhandal. Rai&s;ins, Prunes, Tamarinds, and ripe &s;weet Apples, or their expre&s;s'd Juice, are of great efficacy again&s;t Co&s;tivene&s;s: But Sugar and other &s;weet things ought to be carefully avoided. Rhu|barb or Cream of Tartar, &s;harpen'd with Powder of Jalap, are recommended to &s;uch as are of a juicy Con&s;titution. As for the forms of Receipts, they are as follows.</P>
<P>Take of <HI>Quercetanus</HI>'s Pills, call'd <HI>Melanagogae,</HI> a Dram and a half; Extract of Senna Leaves, half a Dram; Ro&s;in of Ja|lap, a dram and &s;ix grains; Tartar vitriolated, thirteen grains; volatil &s;alt of Amber, a &s;cruple; the Seeds of Mu|&s;tard, Scurvy-gra&s;s and Garden Cre&s;&s;es, of each half a dram. With &s;ome Anti&s;corbutic Water, make Pills. This is the Compo&s;ition of <HI>Timaeus</HI> his Anti&s;corbutic Pills, of which, a &s;cruple or half a dram is a Do&s;e.</P>
<PB N="334" REF="168">
<P>Take of the Pills of Hiera with Agaric, twelve grains; Gum Ammoniac, di&s;&s;olv'd in Vinegar, half a &s;cruple; Scammony &s;ulphurated, two grains. With the E&s;&s;ence of Steel make Pills.</P>
<P>Take of <HI>Quercetanus</HI>'s Pills of Ammoniac, a &s;cruple; &s;weet Mercury, fifteen grains; Extract of Troches Alhandal, two grains; the di&s;till'd Oyl of Caraways, two drops. With the E&s;&s;ence of Gum Ammoniac make Pills. The Vitriol of Steel calcin'd white, and the Extract of Steel prepar'd with Juice of Apples may be added by Turns. The Extract of black Hellebor is al&s;o a proper Ba&s;is for Pills.</P>
<P>Take of the Aperitive Crocus of Steel, a &s;cruple; Scam|mony &s;ulphurated, and Salt of Tartar, of each five grains. Make a Powder.</P>
<P>Take of the fre&s;h Leaves of Scurvy-gra&s;s, Garden Cre&s;&s;es, and Ro&s;e-mary, of each a handful; fre&s;h Hor&s;e Radi&s;h Roots, an ounce and a half; pick'd Senna Leaves, an ounce; choice Rhubarb, half an ounce; Crude black Hel|lebor, three drams; Juniper Berries, &s;ix drams; Cinna|mon and Galangal, of each a dram and a half; Salt of Tar|tar, three drams. Tye 'em in a Bag to be infus'd in Worm|wood Wine, of which let the Patient take a draught Morn|ing and Evening.</P>
<P>Take of Wormwood, three handfuls; le&s;&s;er Centory, two handfuls; black Hellebor Roots, three ounces; Poly|pody of the Oak, an ounce and a half; Bark of the A&s;h|tree and white Tartar, of each half an ounce; filings of Steel, three drams. Sprinkle 'em with nine Drops of the dulcify'd Spirit of Nitre, and tye 'em in a Bag to be in|fus'd in Wine.</P>
<P>Take of pick'd Senna Leaves, two drams; Polypody Roots, three drams; black Hellebor Roots, two &s;cruples; Ginger, half a &s;cruple; Salt of Tartar, a &s;cruple; infu&s;e 'em for the &s;pace of a Day in Whey, then boyl 'em gently. To three ounces of the &s;train'd Liquor, add of the Spirit of Scurvy-gra&s;s, a &s;cruple; Syrup of Apples, three drams; Mix for one Do&s;e.</P>
<P>Take of Corants, two ounces; Brui&s;e and boyl them in Water; adding while the Water is yet hot, pickt Senna Leaves, three drams; Violet Flowers, three little handfuls; Cream of Tartar, a dram. Let 'em &s;tand for &s;ome time in a hot place, then &s;train the Liquor for u&s;e.</P>
<PB N="335" REF="168">
<P>Take of the Pulp of Corants, three ounces; <HI>Arcanum Duplicatum,</HI> a dram; purify'd <HI>Sal-Armoniac,</HI> and the Pow|der call'd <HI>Diatrion Pipereon,</HI> of each two Scruples. With the Syrup of Apples make an Electuary for nine or twelve Do&s;es.</P>
<P>After Purgatives we &s;ubjoyn Emollient ab&s;tergent Cly&s;ters; e&s;pecially tho&s;e of Carminative Ingredients boyl'd in Childs Urine, again&s;t Hypochondriac pains in the Belly; tho&s;e of Milk and Turpentine, again&s;t Nephritic pains; and tho&s;e of Whey or rather of Milk injected every other Day in a confirm'd Scurvy. As,</P>
<P>Take of Cows Milk, nine ounces; Lenitive Electuary, an ounce; Electuary of Bay-Berries, half an ounce. With the yelk of one Egg, make a Cly&s;ter to be injected at Bed|time, and retain'd all Night. Some inject the Decoction of Elder Flowers and Henbane Leaves in Milk, again&s;t Scor|butical Pains.</P>
<P>The Patient's Body being thus prepar'd we advance to Alte|ratives. Such are Steel and all fix'd Salts, or whatever &s;ubdues an Acid. To the&s;e we joyn either the Aperients, Diuretics, and bitter Stomachical Aromatics, or the Spirituous volatil Salts. Thus the filings of Steel, all its Aperitive Crocus's, the vi|triol of Steel calcin'd, the &s;olar Liquor of Steel, the natural Spaws con&s;i&s;ting of Steel di&s;&s;olv'd in Sulphur, the Tin|cture of the vitriol of Steel, the &s;olution of Steel prepar'd with the juice of &s;weet Apples and mix'd with the Spirit of Scurvy-gra&s;s, Chalybeat <HI>Diaphoretic Antimony,</HI> Chaly|beat Bezoar, the Bezoar Stone, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> The&s;e I &s;ay are all of good u&s;e. But when the Bowels are &s;tuff'd or threaten'd with hard &s;wellings they are improper. Be&s;ides while Spaw Waters are drunk, 'twill be requi&s;ite to defend the Sto|mac by &s;ome Stomachical Ointment or Plai&s;ter.</P>
<P>Next to Steel are the bitter Plants, dedicated to the Sto|mac and Spleen; &s;uch are Fumitory, le&s;&s;er Centory, Juniper Barries, Wormwood, Agrimony, Cuckow-pint, and Ele|campane: Their Decoctions, E&s;&s;ences, and above all their fix'd Salts, and the Salt taken from the <HI>Caput Mortuum</HI> of the Spirit of <HI>Sal-Armoniac. Myn&s;ichtius</HI>'s <HI>Arcanum Dupli|catum</HI> is of excellent u&s;e, e&s;pecially when the Per&s;on is lyable to flu&s;hings and &s;udden Inflammations. <HI>Elixyr Proprietatis</HI> prepar'd without an Acid, and mix'd with the Spirit of Scurvy-gra&s;s and that of <HI>Sal-Armoniac</HI> is al&s;o pro|per. The volatil Salt and Spirit of Tartar; the Tin|cture of Tartar mix'd with the Spirit of <HI>Sal-Armoniac,</HI> and
<PB N="336" REF="169">given to forty Drops; the Garminative Spirit prepar'd from Tartar, Nitre, and Spirit of Wine; the Spirit di&s;till'd from a Mixture of Quick-lime, Spirit of <HI>Sal-Armoniac</HI> and Spirit of Wine impregnated with Aromatics; the Spirit of <HI>Sal-Armoniac,</HI> mix'd with Anti&s;corbutic Spirits; and e&s;pe|pecially the Liquor of the <HI>Terra Foliata</HI> of Tartar, mix'd with Spirit of <HI>Sal-Armoniac;</HI> are very much approv'd both in the Hypocondriac and Scorbutical Di&s;temper, e&s;pecially when the Per&s;on is lyable to Heats and Flu&s;hings, and apt to be offended by the Oily Aromatic Ingredients: In which ca&s;e purify'd or Antimonial Nitre is al&s;o u&s;eful. Nay &s;ome are very diffu&s;e in their Encomium's upon a mixture of Nitre, and the Powder <HI>Diacumini.</HI> The forms of Alterative Re|cipe's are &s;uch as the&s;e following.</P>
<P>Take of the Con&s;erve of Fumitory, an ounce and a half; Confection <HI>Alchermes,</HI> a dram and a half; Crude Steel pul|veris'd, three drams; Magi&s;tery of Coral prepar'd with the Juice of Citrons, a dram. With the Syrup of Apples, make an Electuary.</P>
<P>Take of the E&s;&s;ence of Gum Ammoniac, half an ounce; Spirit of <HI>Sal-Armoniac</HI> mix'd with Oyl of Sa&s;&s;afras, two drams. Do&s;e fifty drops.</P>
<P>Take of <HI>Elixyr Proprietatis,</HI> prepar'd without an Acid, half an ounce; Spirit of <HI>Sal-Armoniac</HI> mix'd with Oyl of Cloves, two drams; Spirit of Scurvy-gra&s;s, a dram and a half. Do&s;e forty drops thrice a Day.</P>
<P>Take of Fumitory Water, two ounces; Borrage and Buglo&s;s Waters, of each an ounce; Carminative Spirit <HI>de tribus,</HI> two drams; prepar'd red Coral, a dram; Syrup of red Poppies, half an ounce. Mix and exhibit a &s;poonful now and then in the Hypochondriacal Fit.</P>
<P>The Specifics that are peculiarly devoted to the Scurvy, are of two &s;orts. 1. Such are the volatil &s;harp Ingredients that amend the indi&s;po&s;ition of the Blood. 2. Balmy Oily Me|dicines that repair the lo&s;&s;es of the &s;olid and nervous Pa&s;ts. Of the fir&s;t &s;ort are Scurvy-gra&s;s, Mar&s;h Trefoyl, Water Cre&s;&s;es, Celandin, Pilewort, the Herb call'd Trinity, Ar|&s;mart e&s;pecially its di&s;till'd Water, Hor&s;e Radi&s;hes, Mu&s;tard-&s;eeds, and tho&s;e of Garden Cre&s;&s;es, Rockets, Scurvy-gra&s;s, and Columbines. To the&s;e we add the Juice of Sorrel, Citrons, Oranges and &s;uch like Acids, to temper the vola|til &s;harpne&s;s that frequently offends young hot Con&s;titutions. Of the latter &s;ort are the Buds and Bark of the Pine or Fir Tree, the Pine Apple, or Pine Wood, Sa&s;&s;afras, Guajacum,
<PB N="337" REF="169">China Roots, Juniper Wood, Winter Cinnamon; the Rinds of the A&s;h-tree, Tamarisk, Citrons and Oranges; Water Germander, Fumitory, Wormwood, Elecampane, Zedoa|ry, Galangal, Angelica, Lovage, the Fruit of the Knot|berry-bu&s;h and its Electuary, Cacao Nuts; the flowers of Broom, St. <HI>John</HI>'s wort, Elder and Saffron; Earth-worms, and Goo&s;e Dung given to a dram in Wine,</P>
<P>The Anti&s;corbutics of the former &s;ort being volatil, wo'nt admit of Decoction. Upon which account we choo&s;e to infu&s;e 'em in Wine for Cold, in Whey for Bilious, and in Milk for dry wither'd Con&s;titutions. As,</P>
<P>Take of fre&s;h Scurvy-gra&s;s, Fumitory and Water-cre&s;&s;es, of each a handful; Hor&s;e Radi&s;h Roots, three ounces; fre&s;h Elecampane Roots, an ounce; Corants, &s;ix drams. Cut, brui&s;e, and tye them in a Bag, to be infus'd in Wine, Whey, or Milk, of which exhibit a draught thrice a Day. If they be infus'd in Wine, 'twill be proper to add half a dram of Crabs-eyes to every draught, for preventing the bad effects of the acidity that prevails in Wine.</P>
<P>Take of fre&s;h Scurvy-gra&s;s and Water-cre&s;&s;es, of each a handful; Elecampane Roots, an ounce and a half; Acorus Roots, an ounce; Shavings of Sa&s;&s;afras, and Filings of Steel, of each two ounces; Orange-peel, Citron-peel, and Galan|gal, of each two drams. Tye 'em in a Bag as above. If we de&s;ire to render 'em Purgative, we add Senna Leaves, black Hellebor, Rhubarb, and Salt of Tartar.</P>
<P>Take of the Juices of Scurvy-gra&s;s, Water-cre&s;&s;es, and Fumitory, of each three ounces; Ci<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">ons and Wood-&s;orrel, of each two ounces; clarify'd Goats-whey, three pound. Let 'em &s;tand till they become clear, then &s;train the Liquor, and give five ounces for a Do&s;e twice a Day, adding to every Draught a convenient quantity of the E&s;&s;ence of Steel, pre|par'd with the Juice of Apples.</P>
<P>Take of the Chalybeat Cachectic Powder, two drams; Cuckow-pint Roots, and <HI>Arcanum Duplicatum,</HI> of each a dram; di&s;till'd Oyl of Scurvy-gra&s;s, eight drops. Make a Powder.</P>
<P>From the above-mentioned Simples we draw Spirits. Fir&s;t by Fermentation, then by frequent Cohobation upon fre&s;h In|gredients. The&s;e Spirits dige&s;ted with the extract of Steel, or with the extract and thicken'd juice of the other Ingredi|ents, yield noble anti&s;corbutic E&s;&s;ences, that are given from half a dram to a dram. To the&s;e we frequently joyn the di|&s;till'd Oyls of the &s;ame Plants, and the volatil Spirits of Ani|mals,
<PB N="338" REF="170">e&s;pecially the Spirit of <HI>Sal-Armoniac,</HI> and that of Earth-Worms.</P>
<P>Of the balmy Anti&s;corbutics that are calculated for the di&s;order of the Nerves and &s;olid parts, Sa&s;&s;afras, China Roots, the wild Pine-tree, and the Pine-apple are the mo&s;t no|ted. As,</P>
<P>Take of the Buds of the wild Pine-tree, two ounces; China Roots &s;liced, an ounce; infu&s;e 'em in two pounds of Ale, and boyl 'em till the half evaporat. Exhibit a draught of the &s;train'd Liquor warm, Morning and Evening, in order to &s;weat. Juniper-berries, Fir-tops, and Rai&s;ins, are al&s;o pro|per Anti&s;corbutics.</P>
<P>The extract of Juniper-berries, or the thicken'd decoction of the Pine-apple, reduc'd to E&s;&s;ences with the Spirit of Scurvy-gra&s;s, are admirable for this purpo&s;e, being given from forty to fifty drops. But withal we ought to take notice, that all Remedies prepar'd from the Pine-tree are enrich'd with a plen|tiful volatil Oyl that dejects the Appetit, and if too long us'd cau&s;es Feavers, Pu&s;hes, or cuticular Eruptions in young Peo|ple.</P>
<P>But both the Indications of &s;ubduing the &s;corbutical Acid, and relieving the &s;olid parts, are admirably accounted for by a Milk diet. The time of exhibiting Milk, is after the gene|ral Evacuations, and the u&s;e of Steel. Goats Milk is accounted the be&s;t, and for tho&s;e who are feaveri&s;h we choo&s;e Whey. If the Patient be of a lean dry Con&s;titution, and if the &s;corbu|tical Acid be fiery and &s;harp, Milk alone is be&s;t: But other|wi&s;e we boyl anti&s;corbutical Ingredients in the Milk, or add their Juices and Spirits. As,</P>
<P>Take of Goat's Whey a quart, and boyl it in a clo&s;e Ve&s;|&s;el with a handful of fre&s;h Fumitory leaves. Then &s;train it, and add to every draught twenty drops of the Spirit of Scur|vy-gra&s;s, and a little Sugar to prevent its curdling. Thus let the Patient continue the u&s;e of it for &s;ome time, interlacing a laxative every fourth day, remembring always to walk after taking it, in order to promote Urin, and ab&s;tain from Wine and acid Liquors. This method of infu&s;ing or boyling anti&s;cor|buticks in Milk, ought to be follow'd during the Spring and Summer; but in the Autumn Wine is the more proper Vehi|cle.</P>
<P>The general Cure of the Scurvy being thus di&s;patch'd, it remains to account for its particular Symptoms. The&s;e are,</P>
<P N="1">I. The Laxity, Swelling, Bleeding, Ulceration, or Pu|trifaction of the Gums. For removing &s;uch Inconveniencies,
<PB N="339" REF="170">we u&s;e Gargari&s;ms, Tinctures, Powders, and Ointments. The Gargari&s;ms are made of the juice of Sage and Scurvy-gra&s;s; or the Decoction of Sage and Scurvy-gra&s;s, in Milk, Whey, or Wine. Or of Privat-wood, Pine-tree tops, Cre&s;|&s;es and Allum; in Milk, Whey, or Wine. To which we add by turns, Snake-weed Roots, Tormentil, Birthwort, Myrrh, <HI>Lac,</HI> Spirit of Salt, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> As,</P>
<P>Take of Sage-leaves, three handfuls; Scurvy-gra&s;s and Water-cre&s;&s;es, of each half a handful; Flowers of Mallows, two handfuls; Polipody Roots &s;ix drams. Boyl them in two pound of fair Water till the half be con&s;um'd. Then &s;train the Liquor, and add of the Hony of Ro&s;es, an ounce and a half; burnt Allum, a dram; purify'd Nitre, three drams; &s;eal'd Earth, and <HI>Florentin Lac,</HI> of each a dram. Mix for a Gargari&s;m. If the Gums are putrify'd, boyl Le&s;&s;er Centory, Plantan, Savin, Water Germander, Ro&s;es, Birth|wort Roots, and Ma&s;tic, in au&s;tere Wine; and add to a pound and a half of the &s;train'd Decoction, an ounce and a half of the Ointment <HI>Aegyptiacum,</HI> and a dram and a half of crude Allum.</P>
<P>Take of Plantan, Self-heal, and Ro&s;e-water, of each four Ounces; Tincture of Ro&s;es, Spirit of Scurvy-gra&s;s, of each two drams; Spirit of Salt, Spirit of Vitriol, of each a &s;cru|ple. Mix and rub the Gums.</P>
<P>After Gargari&s;ing the Mouth, 'tis proper to rub the Gums with Tinctures, e&s;pecially <HI>Myn&s;ichtius</HI> his Tincture of <HI>Lac,</HI> which may be improv'd by adding Myrrh, and &s;hifting the Phlegm of Allum for that of Vitriol. The following Tin|cture is al&s;o very effectual, <HI>viz.</HI> Pour warm Water upon Quick-lime, and boyl it, then let it &s;tand till it be clear, and &s;train it. Draw off this &s;train'd Lye till a Salt remain at bottom. Now take of this Salt three drams; of the Gum <HI>Lac,</HI> two drams; Cyprus Vitriol, &s;ix Grains; Ro&s;emary and Sage-waters, of each an ounce and a half. Mix, and di&s;&s;olve with a gentle heat.</P>
<P>As for Powders; Take of Snake-weed, and Tormentil Roots, and the Rinds of Pomegranats, of each a dram; Blood|&s;tone, Frankincen&s;e, Burnt-allum, and <HI>Sal-Armoniac,</HI> of each half a dram; make a Powder for rotten Gums. Or &s;prinkle it with the di&s;till'd Oyl of Cloves, and Spirit of Scurvy-gra&s;s. Note, all &s;tony or tartarin things are pernicious to the Gums.</P>
<P>If the Mouth or Gums are be&s;et with Ulcers, apply the following Liniment. Take of crude Allum, a dram and a half; Sage-leaves, three drams; Roots of Florentin Orris,
<PB N="340" REF="171">a dram and a half; Myrrh, half a dram. With Hony make a Liniment. <HI>Borellus</HI> recommends Allum, with the Oyl of Sulphur and Con&s;erve of Ro&s;es. If the Ulcers are malignant and &s;tinking, apply the Ointment of Columbines, with the Juice of Sage, and Spirit of Salt; or the Ointment <HI>Aegyptiacum</HI> diluted with Hony, or <HI>Platerus</HI>'s green Waters. Note, the Spirit of Vitriol always makes the Teeth black.</P>
<P N="2">II. Scorbutical Tooth-aches are cur'd by applying the De|coction of Pine-tree Leaves with Spirit of Scurvy-gra&s;s; or the Juices of le&s;&s;er Hou&s;e-leek and Scurvy-gra&s;s, with the De|coction of Henbane, Ro&s;emary, Rue, Plantane, Sage, Snake|weed and Fearn. If the Pain reach the Temples and Face, foment 'em with the weaker Spirit of Scurvy-gra&s;s, mix'd with the Spirit of Earth-worms.</P>
<P N="3">III. The &s;pots on the Skin ought to be promoted by exhi|biting inwardly the volatil Specifics, mix'd with ab&s;orbent Powders, and the Tincture of Columbine Flowers, or Emul|&s;ions of its Seed, or the Anti&s;corbutical Tincture of Coral. If the Spots be red, we add acid Juices; if blew or livid, Scurvy-gra&s;s and volatil Ingredients. Externally if they di&s;|order the Skin, and are apt to excoriat, apply, after &s;weating, a Liniment of Mu&s;tard-&s;eeds mix'd with Vinegar; or, if that be too &s;harp, with the Oyl of &s;weet Almonds, and fre&s;h Juice of Citrons. The Ointment of the Roots of Florentin Orris, and white Hellebor, mix'd with the Oyl of &s;weet Almonds, is look'd upon by &s;ome as infallible for this purpo&s;e. If the Skin itch, and be mole&s;ted with little miliar Eruptions, ex|hibit the Decoction of Pine-tree Buds; and let the Hands and Feet be lick'd by a Dog.</P>
<P N="4">IV. The fix'd pains in the Legs are remov'd by bleeding in the Arm; applying Bli&s;tering Plai&s;ters near the affected part; exhibiting Sudorifics, e&s;pecially the Decoctions of Woods and Pine-tree Buds, the E&s;&s;ence of Sa&s;&s;afras, Spirit of Scurvy-gra&s;s, Spirit of Venice Treacle camphoris'd, and Spirit of Elder-berries mix'd with the E&s;&s;ence of Opium and <HI>Laudanum Opiatum;</HI> and by fomenting the part with the Spirit of Juniper-beries camphoris'd, Spirit of Earth-worms, and <HI>Aqua Articularis;</HI> or by &s;oaking it in Tanner's Lye, mix'd with Man's Urine; or in hot fermenting Wine; or in the Decoction of Ants; the Per&s;on being put to a warm Bed im|mediately after. Some recommend the Decoction of Sage, Chamomil and Elder-flowers, Water-cre&s;&s;es, and Hen|bane-leaves, in Milk or Whey for a fomentation; or the
<PB N="341" REF="171">Rob of Juniper, mix'd with the thicken'd Juices of Water-cre&s;|&s;es, Camomil and Elder Flowers, in the form of a Catapla&s;m; or hot dry Bags of Millet-Seeds, Salt, Bran, Wormwood|tops, and Chamomil Flowers; to be applied to the Parts; however, if all prove ineffectual, we mu&s;t have recour&s;e to the natural Hot Baths, or Artificial ones of Sulphur and Quick-lime.</P>
<P N="5">V. The Colick Pains, or tho&s;e re&s;embling the Nephritic, as proceeding from the Cramp and Convul&s;ion of the Guts and the Me&s;entery (which is &s;eated in the Loins) are Cur'd by clean&s;ing the Guts, and appea&s;ing the tumultuous motions. The fir&s;t de&s;ign is compa&s;s'd by Rai&s;ins, Goats-Whey, Oyl of &s;weet Almonds, and the Decoction of Mar&s;h-mallows. Pugatives are very pernicious. But, if the Pain be recent, and not very violent, we may venture to exhibit a gentle Purge, mix'd with <HI>Opium,</HI> the Body being fir&s;t prepar'd by Dige&s;tives. If the irritating matter be hot and &s;harp, Whey, in which <HI>China</HI>-Roots, Borrage-Flowers, and Clove-Gilli-flowers are boil'd, the Emul&s;ions of cold Seeds, Sugar of Lead, or the Antiphthi&s;ical Tincture, and earthy ab&s;orbent Powders are proper; but if the Urine be laden with a &s;an|dy Tartar, all Lenitives are in vain 'till that be remov'd by meek Diuretics, &s;uch as Turpentin, the Syrup of Mar&s;h|mallows, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> In other ca&s;es we exhibit the Volatil oily Salts, mix'd with Opiats, e&s;pecially the Spirit of Nitre dulcifi'd with the Spirit of Scurvy-gra&s;s, the carminative Spirit <HI>de tribus,</HI> and the Spirit of Earth-Worms. Or thus,</P>
<P>Take of <HI>Dorncrellius</HI> his Carminative Water, and the An|ti&s;corbutic Water, of each two Ounces; the Spirit of Scur|vy-gra&s;s, and the carminative Spirit <HI>de tribus,</HI> of each a dram; the E&s;&s;ence of <HI>Opium,</HI> half a dram; Syrup of Orange-peel, an Ounce.</P>
<P>Emollient Anodyn Cly&s;ters, are al&s;o very proper; I mean &s;uch as are u&s;ually pre&s;crib'd again&s;t Colic and Nephritic Pains, e&s;pecially tho&s;e of the Decoction of River-Crabs. But if they do not quickly give relief, 'tis advi&s;able to &s;et 'em a&s;ide, for fear of inflaming the Guts, and to foment the Belly with the Decoctions de&s;ign'd for 'em. 'Tis al&s;o u&s;ual to anoint the Navel with the Oyl di&s;till'd from <HI>Galbanum</HI> and Turpentin, and then apply either a hot Brick, or the Plai&s;ter of <HI>Galbanum,</HI> mix'd with the Bal&s;am of <HI>Peru. P<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">te|rius</HI>'s Plai&s;ter <HI>Dia&s;ulphuris</HI> applied to the Loins, is of good
<PB N="342" REF="172">u&s;e; as al&s;o Fomentations, or Catapla&s;ms for the Belly, of Chamomil and Elder-flowers, Juniper Berries, Henbane-leaves, Cre&s;&s;es, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> boil'd in Milk. If the Cly&s;ters prove &s;ucce&s;sful, let 'em be &s;till continu'd, and &s;harpen'd with purgative In|gredients; after the Paroxi&s;m, exhibit the Decoction of Pine-Apples and Juniper Berries, and other Anti&s;corbutics.</P>
<P N="6">VI. The wandring gouty Pains that follow the Scurvy, are owing to the Convul&s;ive influence of the &s;corbutical Salt up|on the nervous Parts, e&s;pecially the Membranes that cover the Bones. They are di&s;tingui&s;h'd from a proper Gout, by the&s;e Symptoms. They are very incon&s;tant, and apt to &s;hift the place of their Abode, and return again on a &s;udden. Thus rubbing with a warm Cloth will occa&s;ion their remo|val and appearance in another Part. They never ri&s;e up in hard &s;tubborn Swellings. Their &s;olution is frequently accom|pli&s;h'd by Sweat and Urine; and by cuticular Eruptions, with an un&s;ufferable itching. The Cure con&s;i&s;ts in allaying the impeuto&s;ity of the Spirits and Humors, evacuating the Scorbutic Salt by Sweat and Urine, and removing the radi|cal cau&s;e after the Paroxy&s;m is over.</P>
<P>Fir&s;t of all, it ought to commence by bleeding in the oppo|&s;ite &s;ide to the part affected; then Cly&s;ters and Vomits, fol|low'd by ab&s;orbent Powders and fix'd Salts, e&s;pecially <HI>Arca|num Duplicatum,</HI> diaphoretic Antimony, and Cinnabar of An|timony; to which if the Spirits be very irregular, we add Narcotics. Oft-times a gentle Laxative is very nece&s;&s;ary. If the Spirits be low and flaggy, we may exhibit the E&s;&s;ence of Woods, or <HI>Venice</HI> Treacle, with O&s;teocal mix'd with <HI>Opi|um.</HI> After the&s;e Preparations, we proceed to the u&s;e of volatil Specifics; of which Worms are the Head. The Spirit of putri|fi'd Earth-worms, rectifi'd upon <HI>Cephalic</HI> Plants, or the Infu&s;ion of bruis'd Worms, in Wine, Milk, or Whey, are mo&s;t effectu|al Medicaments. Some apply living Worms to the Part, which die if the Pain be violent, and as the Symptoms re|lent, prolong their life. Therefore this Application is re|new'd till the Worms cea&s;e to die. When the Paroxy&s;m declines, we endeavour to root out the radical Cau&s;e, by pre|parations from the Pine-Tree, <HI>China</HI> Roots, and Juniper-Ber|ries mix'd with Anti&s;corbutics. The Decoction of Worm|wood and le&s;&s;er Centory; Bags of Anti&s;corbutical Ingredi|ents infus'd in Wine; and the carminative Spirit, or Spirit of <HI>Sal-Armoniac,</HI> mix'd with the Spirit of Scurvy-gra&s;s, are all of good u&s;e. In a Word, if the Patient be of a moi&s;t Con|&s;titution,
<PB N="343" REF="172">and apt to &s;weat, volatil Ingredients are be&s;t; if not, Milk, e&s;pecially Goats Milk, or Whey, in which &s;oft|ning and Anti&s;corbutical Ingredients are boyl'd, is prefer|able.</P>
<P>Take of Cinnabar of Antimony, a &s;cruple; <HI>Poterius</HI>'s dia|phoretic Gold, twelve grains; <HI>Laudanum Opiatum,</HI> two grains. Make a Powder to be exhibited in the beginning of the Di&s;ea&s;e.</P>
<P>Take of the Water of Mother of Thyme, Pine-Apples, and Scurvy-gra&s;s, of each an ounce; the E&s;&s;ence again&s;t Catarrhs, three drams; the &s;pirit of putrifi'd Earth-Worms, a dram; the volatil &s;alt of Harts-horn, a &s;cruple; the volatil &s;alt of Amber, half a &s;cruple; prepar'd Crabs Eyes, half a dram; <HI>Laudanum Opiatum,</HI> three grains; Syrup of Elecam|pane Roots, an Ounce. Mix, and give a Spoonful, in order to &s;weat.</P>
<P>Take of the Buds of the wild Pine-Tree, three ounces; <HI>China</HI> Roots &s;lic'd, an ounce and a half; Juniper Berries, an ounce. Boil them in Water; and exhibit four ounces in order to &s;weat every Morning, and as much at Night without &s;weating.</P>
<P>Externally we ought to avoid all oily Applications. Let the part be forcibly rub'd with a Cloth outwards, or to|ward the Circumference; and fumigated with the &s;teams of the Decoction of Earth-worms and Ants. Then apply Ca|tapla&s;ms of Hor&s;e-Radi&s;h Roots, or Briony Roots, boil'd with Camomil Flowers, and Comfrey Roots in Milk; or of Cats Dung and Earth-Worms; or of <HI>Venice</HI> Soap, di&s;&s;olv'd in Spirit of Wine, &s;prinkl'd with the Spirit of Earth-worms, and mix'd with Camphyr; but 'tis worthy our notice, that the&s;e Catapla&s;ms ought to be always kept warm, for if they grow cold upon the Part, they wring and &s;traiten its Pores. Upon which account, &s;ome choo&s;e rather to foment it with the Spirit of putrifi'd Earth-worms, Spirit of Ants, the Spirit of Juniper Berries camphoris'd, or the Spirit of Wine impregnated with Aromatic Plants; and then apply a Plai&s;ter of Tacamahac, and <HI>Myn&s;ichtius</HI>'s Diaphoretic Plai&s;ter.</P>
<P N="7">VII. Scorbutical Head-aches are cur'd by volatil Sudori|&s;ics, &s;uch as the volatil Salt of Amber, Spirit of Harts-horn, the Cephalic Spirit of Vitriol, the Anti-&s;corbutical <HI>Elixir Pro|prietatis,</HI> and &s;ometimes Opiats. To the&s;e we &s;ubjoin a Milk Diet, which, tho' noxious in other Ca&s;es, is of admirable efficacy in this.</P>
<P N="8"><PB N="344" REF="173">VIII. A &s;corbutical Pal&s;ie is, for the mo&s;t part, u&s;her'd in by a &s;en&s;e of a creeping &s;ort of Pain, like the motion of Em|mets. 'Tis Cur'd thus; admini&s;ter a Vomit, unle&s;s the Per|&s;on be liable to Pains in the Belly. Avoid Bleeding, unle&s;s the Per&s;on be Plethorick; inject emollient Cly&s;ters, and exhi|bit the milde&s;t Laxatives. Then order the Decoction of Juniper and Pine-tree-wood, or the Pine Apple, with Ro&s;emary and cephalic Plants, in Milk or Whey. The Decoctions of &s;udori|fic Woods, the E&s;&s;ence of the Pine Apple, the E&s;&s;ence of Juniper Berries, the volatil Spirit of Tartar, or the Carmina|tive Spirit <HI>de tribus,</HI> mix'd with the Spirit of Scurvy-gra&s;s; the volatil Salt of Amber, and e&s;pecially <HI>Poterius</HI>'s diaphore|tic Gold, or fulminatory Gold, are all recommended upon this occa&s;ion. Externally the &s;ame Medicines are requir'd, as we order for the wandring Gout, e&s;pecially the Spirit of Ju|niper Berries, E&s;&s;ence of Ca&s;tor, Spirit of Earth-worms. Some order the Per&s;on to be &s;et up to the Wa&s;te in a Heap of Grapes, while they ferment either naturally, or by the addi|tion of Quicklime; Catapla&s;ms of Briony and Comfrey Roots, are oft us'd with good &s;ucce&s;s; &s;ome fumigate the Part with the &s;teams of Goo&s;e-fat thrown upon burning Coals; and anoint it with the Oil of Scurvy-gra&s;s, the Oil, or Spirit of Earth-worms, di&s;till'd Oil of Amber, and Bal&s;am of <HI>Peru.</HI> Some apply Plai&s;ters, &s;uch as <HI>Oxycroceum</HI> and <HI>Nervinum Vi|gonis;</HI> but all oily things are improper, by rea&s;on that they &s;hut the Pores. Of the natural hot Baths, tho&s;e of the meeke&s;t force and heat are be&s;t.</P>
<P N="9">IX. Scorbutical Convul&s;ions are cur'd by Vomits, Purges, and Anti&s;corbutics, mix'd with nervous Ingredients, <HI>Lac,</HI> Cinnabar of Antimony, the volatil Salt of Amber, and Camphyr, exhibited in the Decoction of Elecampane and Juniper Berries, are of excellent u&s;e. Some recommend Ca&s;tle-Soap di&s;&s;olv'd in Milk; as al&s;o the E&s;&s;ence of the Pine-Apple, the E&s;&s;ence of Sa&s;&s;afras, carminative Spirit, and Spirit of <HI>Sal-Armoniac</HI> mix'd with the Spirit of Scurvy-gra&s;s and <HI>Laudanum.</HI> In the la&s;t extremity, we mu&s;t have recour&s;e to the Decoctions of &s;udorific Woods, China Roots, and Fen|nel. Externally, the Oil di&s;till'd from a mixture of Quick|lime and Oil of Lin-&s;eed is of noted efficacy; and likewi&s;e all cephalic Spirits and Oils. Some recommend Bathing e|very Day for eight Hours, in the Decoctions of Gentian, Juniper-Berries, Rue, and Agrimony.</P>
<P N="10">X. A&s;thma's attending the Scurvy are cur'd by the Ex|tract of Saffron; &s;pirits of Hart's-horn, Ca&s;tor, Amber, and
<PB N="345" REF="173"><HI>Sal-Armoniac;</HI> Benzoin, and Birth-wort-Roots, with Anti|&s;corbutical Decoctions. If the A&s;thma's are merely Con|vul&s;ive, <HI>Laudanum Hy&s;tericum</HI> is a &s;overeign Remedy.</P>
<P N="11">XI. Vomitings require Artificial Vomits, gentle Purges, and &s;tomachical Medicines, mix'd with ab&s;orbent Powders, and Anti&s;corbutics. Loo&s;ene&s;&s;es are cur'd after the &s;ame me|thod, rather than by A&s;tringents, which frequently occa&s;ion Anxieties in the Brea&s;t, and Swoonings, Bleedings at No&s;e, or any other part, are be&s;t &s;topp'd by exhibiting inwardly cha|lybeat A&s;tringents, &s;uch as Chalybeat, Diaphoretic Anti|mony, Vitriol of Steel, the Antiphthi&s;ical Tincture, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P N="12">XII. A &s;corbutical Con&s;umption is generally accounted for by a Milk Diet, which is of excellent u&s;e, when it proceeds from the degeneracy of the Blood. But if the di&s;orders of the Stomac and fir&s;t Pa&s;&s;ages gave Birth to it, Milk is improper, and is fitly exchanged for Vomits and &s;tomachical Aromatics. In general, <HI>Elixir Proprietatis</HI> with|out an Acid, the &s;pirit of <HI>Sal-Armoniae,</HI> the Antiphthi&s;ical Tincture, and Rai&s;ins eaten after Meals, are very proper. If the Animal Spirits are flat, nervous Remedies will be u&s;e|ful. If the milky Ve&s;&s;els, or Glandules of the Me&s;entery and other Parts are charg'd with Ob&s;tructions, volatil Ape|rients are nece&s;&s;ary.</P>
<P N="13">XIII. Scorbutical Fevers take their Original from the Corro&s;ive &s;harpne&s;s of the Blood, and generally pa&s;s for Hectics. Their Symptoms are an exce&s;&s;ive Appetit, follow'd by Vomiting, or love for &s;alt Victuals; Co&s;tivene&s;s, Sweats, &s;melling like Acids, and leaving red Sand in the Bed, and livid Spots in the Skin. They are cur'd by Anti&s;corbutics mix'd with Steel, and volatil and fix'd Salts, e&s;pecially the Flowers and &s;pirit of <HI>Sal-Armoniac,</HI> the Spirit of Sa&s;&s;afras, and <HI>Arcanum Duplicatum;</HI> Whey &s;harpen'd with the Juice of Citrons is much approv'd, as al&s;o Milk, mix'd with the Spirit of <HI>Sal-Armoniac,</HI> when the Stomac is able to di|ge&s;t it, and the Feaveri&s;h Paroxy&s;m is over. The Symptom of Thir&s;t is admirably accounted for by exhibiting the De|coction of China-roots and Liquorice.</P>
<P N="14">XIV. In &s;corbutical Drop&s;ies, &s;trong Purgatives are nox|ious; gentle Diuretics mix'd with Anti&s;corbutics, being the Ba&s;is of the Cure. Such are the Infu&s;ion of Wood-lice in Wine, the Spirit of <HI>Sal-Armoniac,</HI> and Tincture of Tartar, mix'd with the Spirit of Scurvy-Gra&s;s.</P>
<P N="15">XV. St. <HI>Antony</HI>'s Fire happening to &s;corbutical Per&s;ons, is cur'd by taking inwardly ab&s;orbent diaphoretic Powders,
<PB N="346" REF="174">mix'd with the Spirit or Syrup of Elder-Flowers, and Spirit of Scurvy-gra&s;s; and applying outwardly the Decoction of Litharge, Elder-Flowers, <HI>Olibanum,</HI> Myrrh and Ma&s;tic, in Lime-water and Vinegar, with a little Camphyr.</P>
<P N="16">XVI. Ulcers accompanying the Scurvy, and threatning a Gangrene, ought to be wa&s;h'd with Lime-Water, or the Decoction of le&s;&s;er Hou&s;e-leek, mix'd with the Spirit of Vi|triol, and anointed with the Ointment of Tobacco and Sugar of Lead; or cover'd with the Powders of Myrrh, and Fran|kincen&s;e, Crocus of Steel, and Sugar of Lead. Inwardly let the E&s;&s;ence of Woods, E&s;&s;ence of Fumitory, and the Anti&s;cor|butical Tincture of Coral be frequently admini&s;tred. As for the hard Swellings that frequently mole&s;t the Legs; let Ca|tapla&s;ms of Bryony and Comfrey-Roots, and Chamomil Flowers, be applied to 'em. Or let the thicken'd Juices of Comfrey and Brook-lime, mix'd with <HI>Myn&s;ichtius</HI> his Diaphoretic Plai&s;ter, and the Di&s;till'd Oil of Chamomil be us'd in like manner.</P>
</DIV5>
<DIV5 N="6" TYPE="article">
<HEAD>ART. 6. <HI>Of breakings-out in the Skin.</HI></HEAD>
<P>UNder the Head of <HI>Deprav'd Nutrition,</HI> we allot an Ar|ticle for Cuticular Eruptions; and fir&s;t for the Scab, which proceeds from the depravation of the nutritive Juice of the Parts under the Skin, occa&s;ion'd by a preternatural Acid. This Acid takes its ri&s;e from &s;udden Cold, &s;ucceed|ing to Heat; and &s;hutting up the &s;teams of the Body with|in the &s;traiten'd Pores; from the contagion of an external Ferment, and &s;ometimes, but very rarely, from internal Cau|&s;es, &s;uch as the Scurvy, <HI>French-Pox,</HI> &amp;c. But, for the mo&s;t part, the Blood and Internal Parts are not at all tainted, it being only the nutritive Serum about the &s;urface of the Bo|dy that is depraved; tho' 'tis true, that by continuance it may at la&s;t infect the Blood. If the nutritious Juice be ve|ry &s;erous and apt to corrupt, the Breakings-out run much; if the Juice be Balmy, and impregnated with a volatil oily Salt; they are cru&s;ty and dry.</P>
<P>As for the Cure of a Scab; we admini&s;ter inwardly Pur|gatives and Sudorifics. The Purgatives are the Extract of Black Hellebor, or Scammony &s;ulphurated, mix'd with &s;weet Mercury, and the purging <HI>Mercurius vitae,</HI> or Turbith
<PB N="347" REF="174">Mineral in an inveterat ca&s;e. If the Blood be tainted, we admini&s;ter the Decoctions of bitter and &s;corbutical Plants, and Spices mix'd with purging Ingredients, in Wine, Whey, or Water, and continue their u&s;e for &s;ome time. The Su|dorifics are the Decoctions of Woods, the volatil Salt of Vi|pers, Harts-horn, Ivory; the fix'd Salts, the Sulphur and Cinnabar of Antimony, diaphoretick Antimony, and the Sy|rup of Elder Flowers. As,</P>
<P>Take of Elder-Flower Water, an ounce; the Spirit of <HI>Venice</HI> Treacle camphoris'd, half a Dram; Diaphoretic Antimony, fifteen Grains; the volatil Salt of Vipers, half a Scruple; Syrup of Orange-peel, half an ounce. Mix for a Draught. Or,</P>
<P>Take of the Rob of Elder, a dram; the Powder of Snakes calcin'd, a &s;cruple; <HI>Sal-Armoniac,</HI> half a &s;cruple. With the Syrup of Orange-peel make a Bolus. The di&s;till'd Oyl of Turpentin given to &s;ix Drops every Morning; the E&s;&s;ence of Vipers to forty; the Tincture of Antimony, or Tin|cture of Coral, given to fifty Drops, are al&s;o very proper. And when all proves ineffectual, a Mercurial Salivation may not be ami&s;s.</P>
<P>Outwardly we apply Ointments of Sulphur, Mercury, e&s;pecially that precipitated with the Spirit of Nitre, and Sugar of Lead; but we ought to take care that the Pores be kept open, for fear the Scab &s;hould &s;trike in. Upon which account, let Salt of <HI>Tartar</HI> be always added. As,</P>
<P>Take of <HI>&V;nguentum Enulatum,</HI> and <HI>Album Camphoratum,</HI> of each half an ounce; Flowers of Brim&s;tone, three drams; &s;weet Mercury, a dram; Salt of Tartar, or Oyl of Tartar <HI>per deliquium,</HI> a dram and a half; with the Oyl of Tobac|co, or of St. <HI>John</HI>'s wort Make an Ointment; to which add of the Bal&s;am of <HI>Peru</HI> half a &s;c<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">ple; Oyl of Ro&s;e-wood, &s;ix drops. Mix, and anoint the Limbs, e&s;pecially the Joints at Night going to Bed; and in the Morning, wa&s;h off the Oint|ment with the Per&s;ons own Urine.</P>
<P>Take of the Decoction of Quick-lime, a pound and a half; &s;weet Mercury, three drams; Spirit of <HI>Venice</HI> Treacle camphoris'd, an ounce. Mix, and wa&s;h the external Parts, for taking off the Scab, and the red Scars that remain after it.</P>
<P>The Di&s;till'd Water of Man's Ordure, is an admirable Wa&s;h, and re&s;erv'd by &s;ome as a Secret. Some u&s;e Girdles of Quick-&s;ilver; others fumigate with Cinnabar; but the Body ought to be well cleans'd beforehand, and arm'd again&s;t
<PB N="348" REF="175">Cold. In a critical Scab, we ought not to u&s;e repellents. But Baths of the Decoctions of the &s;harp pointed Dock, To|bacco-Leaves, Scabious, Elecampane and Briony Roots, Brim&s;tone, and Quick-lime are allowable. After &s;weating by internal Sudorifics, the &s;cabby Per&s;on may bath in them, and rub down his Body, and after bathing, anoint with the above-mention'd Ointment.</P>
<P>The Itch is near ally'd to the Scab, and proceeds from the &s;harp Particles of the Serum, repairing to the &s;urface in &s;mall quantities; 'tis cur'd internally by purging and &s;weat|ing, as above; and externally by applying the following Ointment.</P>
<P>Take of the Roots of the &s;harp pointed Dock, and Ele|campane, of each an ounce. Boil them in Vinegar 'till they become &s;oft; then beat 'em thro' a Sive, and add of the Oyl of <HI>Orris,</HI> three Ounces; common Salt an Ounce; Myrrh, three Drams; Litharge, an ounce and a half. With Wax make a Liniment.</P>
<P>A Lepro&s;ie proceeds from a &s;aline corro&s;ive Acid, reign|ing in the Serum; as being a &s;ort of exalted Scurvy. It is oft-times the hereditary Infirmity of a Family, or follows a bad Dyet, Chronical Di&s;ea&s;es, and the &s;uppre&s;&s;ion of wont|ed Evacuations. The Signs which accompany it, are ei|ther internal or external. The internal are Acid or mu&s;ty Belchings, Co&s;tivene&s;s, Thir&s;t, a &s;tinking Sweat, thick U|rine, in&s;omuch that the Powder of Lead will &s;wim upon it, an extreme propen&s;ity to Venery; the thickne&s;s, vi&s;co&s;ity, and unctuo&s;ity of the Blood when drawn forth, and little Clotts of Sand &s;ticking to the Cloth, thro' which 'tis &s;train'd; the frequency and weakne&s;s of the Pul&s;e, difficult re&s;piration, &s;tinking Breath, a wearine&s;s of the Limbs, Chillne&s;s, &s;tupi|dity, and a hoar&s;e Voice, as if it came thro' the No&s;e.</P>
<P>The External Symptoms are the&s;e. The Skin appears Li|vid, Black, or Yellow; it Wrinkles, when expos'd to the Cold; it is notably rough and oily, in&s;omuch that Water will not &s;tick to it; it is cover'd with a Purple or White Dandriff; little moveable painle&s;s Knots and Swellings be&s;et the Forehead, Chin and Joints; a dry Ringworm, and Pu&s;hes cover the whole Body; and affect not only the Skin, but the Mu&s;cles; an eternal Itch, like the gnawing of Worms, or pricking with Needles, mole&s;t<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> 'em; when they &s;cratch a|ny part, it turns dry and &s;caly, but voids no Matter; the Hair of their Heads and Eye-Brows falls off; their Fore|head is furrow'd with Wrinkles; their Ears &s;tretched and
<PB N="349" REF="175">&s;well'd, the Eyebrows callous and rais'd; their Eyes round, red, &s;parkling, infe&s;ted with little hard &s;wellings in the corners, and apt to water; the upper part of their No&s;e contracted, while the inferior is inlarg'd, troubled with fre|quent Sneezing, and infe&s;ted with a Polypus, and Cancious corro&s;ive Ulcers; the Face and Lips are pale, hard, livid and chop'd; their Tongue and Mouth lyable to hard Swellings, Chops, and Corro&s;ion; the Gums rough and &s;woln; the Spittle vi&s;cous; the Brea&s;ts hard, and their Veins &s;woln; the Joints wither'd and be&s;et with callous indolent Ulcers that are apt to bleed upon the &s;lighte&s;t touch; the Mu&s;cles of their Hands, e&s;pecially tho&s;e of the Thumb and fir&s;t Finger, are much con&s;um'd; the Fingers and Toes benum'd, the Joints di&s;torted and knotty, and the Nails black, bow'd and chop'd.</P>
<P>The Cure of a Lepro&s;ie is the &s;ame as that of a Scab. If what was recommended upon that Head prove &s;ucce&s;sle&s;s, we mu&s;t have recour&s;e to the following Medicine; <HI>viz.</HI> Take four quarts of Lye, and a pound of white Ar&s;enic. Boyl them for an hour or two, till the Lye be almo&s;t con&s;um'd; then add fre&s;h Lye and boyl again till the Ar&s;enic be di&s;&s;olv'd. Then pour off the Liquor by inlination into a clean Ve&s;&s;el, and add two pound of Ceru&s;s, di&s;&s;olv'd in Vinegar, and fil|trated. This will yield a precipitat which ought to be dul|cify'd, and given for eight days together, from three to ten Grains.</P>
<P>The Di&s;ea&s;e call'd by the <HI>Arabians, Elephantia&s;is,</HI> does not &s;pread &s;o univer&s;ally over the Body as a Lepro&s;ie; as being only a red, livid, or black &s;welling in the Feet, attended by Ulcers in the Veins, that void a &s;harp clear Serum. It ge|nerally happens to old People that have drank much Wine; and is frequently Critical. Upon which account we ought to be cautious of applying repellent Medicines. Internally we admini&s;ter Purges as in a Scab, and the Decoctions of Woods and &s;udorific Ingredients for tempering the &s;harpne&s;s of the Serum. Externally we apply the Plai&s;ter of the Calami|nar Stone, or <HI>Meibomius</HI>'s Plai&s;ter of the Oyl of Olives, Ca|&s;tle-&s;oap, Ceru&s;s, red Lead, and Camphyr. In the mean while we roll up the Legs from the Ancles to the Knees in a Swathe.</P>
<P>A Tetter and Ring-worm are near a-kin to a Scab, as be|ing only a Cru&s;t, or hot Pu&s;hes on the Skin, cau&s;ing heat, red|ne&s;s, itching, and roughne&s;s. They are cur'd by Purging, as in a Scab; and admini&s;tring Sudorifics, with Sugar of Lead, or the Antipththi&s;ical Tincture: In de&s;perat ca&s;es, by I&s;&s;ues
<PB N="350" REF="176">or a Salivation. Externally we apply Ca&s;tle-&s;oap, mix'd with Spirit of Wine, and Sugar of Lead, and in a word, the &s;ame things that were recommended for the Scab. In de&s;perat Ca|&s;es we u&s;e Lime-water, or the Ointment of Ro&s;es, mix'd with &s;ublimat Mercury; or with Mercury precipitated with Spirit of Nitre.</P>
<P>The little hot Pimples call'd <HI>Phlyctenes,</HI> that frequently ap|pear about the Wri&s;ts and Fingers, are cur'd internally as a Scab; externally by applying at fir&s;t the Mucilages of Quin|ces and Lin&s;eed extracted with the water of Frogs-&s;pawn, and afterwards Lime-water, and the Ointment of Litharge, or Di|apompholygos, mix'd with Vinegar of Lead. The le&s;&s;er Pim|ples, call'd <HI>Sudamina,</HI> are cur'd internally by Purging and Sweating, and externally by wa&s;hing in Milk or Lime-water mix'd with Camphyr, and &s;hifting their Linnen often. The Pu&s;hes that have little Worms in 'em, are cur'd internally by joyning the E&s;&s;ence of Myrrh, <HI>Elixyr Proprietatis,</HI> Spirit of Harts-horn, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> to the abovemention'd Purgatives and Su|dorifics; and externally by wa&s;hing in the Decoctions of bitter Plants, and applying Plai&s;ters of their Juices mix'd with Mercury; or picking out the Worms with a Nee|dle.</P>
<P>The little hard callous &s;wellings in the Face and Neck, call'd <HI>Vari,</HI> are for the mo&s;t part red and whiti&s;h at the top. They &s;eem to proceed from the depravation of the Genital Liquor, and mo&s;tly attack &s;uch as are ripe for Venery. The internal Cure is the &s;ame as above. Externally, we apply Catapla&s;ms of the Oyl of Bays, Ointment of Ro&s;es, &s;weet Mercury, and Oyl of Tartar; or a mixture of the Waters of Cows-dung, Elder-flowers, and Frogs-&s;pawn, with the Oyl of Tartar <HI>per Deliquium,</HI> Flowers of Sulphur, Borace, Ce|ru&s;s, Camphyr, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Some commend the Precipitat from Lead, call'd <HI>Lac Virginis.</HI> Some recommend fumigation of the Face with Spirit of Wine &s;pit out of the Per&s;on's Mouth upon a hot Plate of Iron, and follow'd by a fre&s;h fumigation of Myrrh thrown upon the &s;ame Plate. This, they &s;ay, will al&s;o take off Wrinkles, and make old Women look young.</P>
<P>Freckles are little yellowi&s;h Spots in the Face, Neck, Brea&s;t, and Hands. The Cau&s;e is the &s;tagnation of the Se|rum between the Skin and Cuticle, occa&s;ion'd by the heat of the Sun, or otherwi&s;e. Internally, <HI>Elixyr Proprietatis</HI> and Laxatives are proper. Externally, we wa&s;h the parts with the Water of Cows-dung, or Bean-flowers, mix'd with the whites of Eggs; or anoint it with a Liniment of Frankincen&s;e,
<PB N="351" REF="176">Ceru&s;s, Myrrh, Brim&s;tone, Camphyr, and Hen's Fat, ap|plying afterwards Man's Fat to take off the roughne&s;s and &s;cales that &s;uch Liniments occa&s;ion. The Oyls of Eggs, Tartar, Guajacum, Wax, and Soap: the Powder of the Roots of Briony and Florentin Orris, &s;weet Mercury, the Magi&s;tery of Lead, <HI>Lac Virginis,</HI> and the corro&s;ive Liquor, call'd <HI>Li|quor Mercurij Saccharatus,</HI> are al&s;o u&s;ed by turns.</P>
<P>The little brown Spots call'd <HI>Ephelides</HI> do generally appear upon big-belly'd Women; or tho&s;e who&s;e terms are &s;top'd, as proceeding from the &s;harpne&s;s of the Serum. For Cure we rub the part with a Citron, or &s;ower Apple cut up; and wa&s;h it with the Emul&s;ion of Hemp&s;eed, or anoint with a Liniment of Bay-berries and Hony.</P>
<P>There are al&s;o Spots of a &s;ad yellow Colour, and about a Hands breadth, call'd <HI>Maculae Epaticae,</HI> that &s;uddenly ap|pear and di&s;appear, and render the Skin rough and &s;ome|what &s;caly. They proceed from the &s;ame Cau&s;e as Frec|kles. The internal Cure is accompli&s;h'd by the Decocti|ons of bitter and Anti&s;corbutical Plants mix'd with Purga|tives: The external, by the Co&s;metics above mention'd; or in a difficult ca&s;e by applying a Catapla&s;m of Mu&s;tard-&s;eed beaten with Vinegar, Salt, and the yolks of Eggs.</P>
<P>The red Pimples and Wheals in the Face and No&s;e, that mo&s;tly follow hard drinking, proceed from the volatil Acid of Wine, incorporated with the Lymph corroding the Skin. Their internal Cure is compa&s;s'd by Bleeding, and exhibi|ting the Decoctions of bitter Herbs mix'd with Purgatives; and the admini&s;tration of Ab&s;orbent Powders. Externally we apply the Sugar of Lead di&s;&s;olv'd, in di&s;till'd Vinegar, and mix'd with Camphry and Oyl of Ro&s;es, or with the Juices of Hou&s;e-leek and Plantane, or the Oyl of Tartar <HI>per Deliquium,</HI> mix'd with Camphyr and the Waters of the Flowers of Beans, <HI>Solomon</HI>'s Seal, and Frog's-&s;pawn; or an Ointment made of Pepper, Ginger, Brim&s;tone, and <HI>&V;ngentum Pomatum.</HI> In de&s;perat Ca&s;es we mu&s;t have re|cour&s;e to Mercurial Compo&s;itions.</P>
<P>If the Skin be di&s;colour'd by the Heat of the Sun, Pu&s;hes, Pimples, or otherwi&s;e, its natural Colour may be retriev'd, by applying the Juice of Citrons, or Vinegar impregnated with the Flowers of Beans, <HI>Solomon</HI>'s Seal, Ja&s;min and white Lilly Flowers. The Spirit of Wine Camphoris'd; the E&s;&s;ence of Benzoin mix'd with fair Water, are al&s;o re|commended. As al&s;o Powders made of dry'd Venice Soap, white Poppy-&s;eeds, Starch, Lupins, Florentin Orris, Ma|gi&s;tery
<PB N="352" REF="177">of Marca&s;ite, Mo&s;ch, and Zivet; or of Briony and Cuckow-pint Roots, with Sugar of Lead and &s;weet Mercury, which are mix'd with the Waters of Figwort-roots, white Lillies, <HI>Solomon</HI>'s Seal, Flowers of Beans, and Ro&s;es, and &s;o applyed in the form of a Calapta&s;m. Some mightily covet the Oyl of Talk as an admirable Co&s;metic, but &s;ince 'tis not to be had genuin, the Oyl of Tartar <HI>per Deliquium</HI> will &s;upply its room, The Decoction of Sublimat Mer|cury in common Water, the water being boyl'd till the Acrimony be quite extingui&s;h'd, and than mix'd with Cerues, and after a fre&s;h gentle boyling, clarify'd with the white of an Egg, is a Wa&s;h of infinite u&s;e in Counterfeiting Colours.</P>
<P>The Mange or Scurf that frequently be&s;ets the heads of tho&s;e who are lyable to the Scurvy, French-Pox, or Le|pro&s;ie, &s;eems to ari&s;e from an Acid, ingag'd in a vi&s;cid Ve|hicle, that &s;tagnats upon the out-Parts, and &s;huts the Pores. It is cur'd internally as the Scab. Externally, let the Head be frequently wa&s;h'd with the Decoction of the Herbs, Southernwood, Betony, Celandin, Soapwort, Mallows, the Roots of Mar&s;h-mallows, &s;harp pointed Dock, and Bur|dock, Pea&s;e, Bay-berries and Coloquintida. Let the&s;e Ingredients be boyl'd in Lye, and re&s;erve the &s;train'd Liquor as a wa&s;h for the Head.</P>
<P>Before we conclude this Chapter, 'twill not be improper to take notice of the &s;heding, or off-falling of the Hairs, which is remedy'd by wa&s;hing with the Decoction of Ro&s;e|mary, Southernwood, Hony, Myrtle Berries, Lin&s;eed and Oyl of &s;weet Almonds, in Wine. The Ingredients being fir&s;t infus'd for twenty four hours; and then boyl'd till the Moi|&s;ture be con&s;um'd; and the remaining Juice expre&s;s'd for u&s;e. If the Hairs are gray, we may indeavour to change their Colour by combing with a Leaden Comb, wet with <HI>Aqua Fortis</HI> in which Silver is di&s;&s;olv'd, it being qualify'd with common Water. Some commend the Ointment of To|bacco, &s;harpen'd with Oyl of Bricks, for an Univer&s;al <HI>Alo|pecia,</HI> and exhibit inwardly the E&s;&s;ence and Decoction of Woods with Chalybeats.</P>
</DIV5>
</DIV4>
</DIV3>
<DIV3 N="18" TYPE="section">
<PB N="353" REF="177">
<HEAD>SECT. XVIII. <HI>Of Di&s;ea&s;es hindring the regular Reflux of the Blood to the Heart.</HI></HEAD>
<P>THERE are three Ca&s;es in which the regular return of Blood to the Heart is hinder'd. 1. In Inflammations, when the Blood &s;tagnats in its Ve&s;&s;els. 2. In Empyema's, when the Blood is extrava&s;ated and lodg'd in &s;ome Cavity within the Body. 3. In <HI>Haemorrhogia's,</HI> or external Bleed|ings.</P>
<DIV4 N="1" TYPE="chapter">
<HEAD>CHAP. I. <HI>Of Inflammations.</HI></HEAD>
<P>INflammations are occa&s;ion'd by the &s;tagnation of the Blood in any part, <HI>viz.</HI> When the Quantity imported is larger than what returns by the Veins. The Symptoms attending 'em are, 1. A Redne&s;s. 2. A Heat. 3. A Swell|ing; and, 4. Pain, which is either accompany'd with a &s;en&s;e of the di&s;tention of the Fibres and Nervous Parts; or a beating, as ari&s;ing from the rebounding of the Blood, when di&s;appointed of its Pa&s;&s;age; or a pricking, as caus'd by the &s;harp Salts, when &s;trugling and tending to &s;uppura|tion. Now that &s;tagnating Blood is apt to produce tho&s;e effects, is too plain to need a Proof. The remote Cau&s;es which promote this Stagnation, are either External or Inter|nal. The former are; the occa&s;ional Compre&s;&s;ion, Contu|&s;ion, or Di&s;tortion of the Ve&s;&s;els; Pains or the &s;hrinking and contraction of the Nervous Fibres, and con&s;equently of
<PB N="354" REF="178">the Capillary Ve&s;&s;els, as in Arthritic Pains, and the Tooth|ach, or when a Thorn or Wa&s;p &s;tings the Part.</P>
<P>The internal Cau&s;es relate either to the general Di&s;po&s;i|tion of the Blood; Or the Infirmity of a particular Part. Tho&s;e of the fir&s;t &s;ort are the thickne&s;s and vi&s;cidity of the Blood, or its being Clotted by a prevailing Acid. Hence the infu&s;ion of an Acid Liquor into a Dog's Vein, redun|dancy of Blood, and the incon&s;iderat a&s;&s;umption of cold Li|quors, or expo&s;ing ones &s;elf to the cold after hot Exerci&s;es, are apt to produce Inflammations. Nay, the Blood of Pleuritic Per&s;ons is vi&s;ibly clotted when let forth, and all the Medicines both internal and external, that are recomended for Inflammations are &s;uch as di&s;&s;olve or attenuat the thick|en'd Blood, and drink in the Acid. The Cau&s;es relating to a Particular part that is frequently more lyable to Inflamma|tions than its other Companions, are the weakne&s;s of the Innate Spirit of the Part; the Relaxation, Di&s;tention, or di&s;order of its Fibres, and the hidden remains of an Acid; all owing to preceding Inflammations, e&s;pecially if they degenerat into Ulcers.</P>
<P>If the Acid be very prevalent, the humor hardens, and becomes a Schirrus, not far di&s;tant from a Cancer: If the Volatil Alkali and the Acid be more equally match'd they ferment together, and combine into a &s;alin purulent matter that di&s;|charges it &s;elf by an Ulcer. If the &s;tagnation be &s;o great, that &s;mall quantities of Blood cannot Pa&s;s, and the innate Spirit of the Part cannot Corre&s;pond with the Animal Spi|rits, the Blood corrupts and Cau&s;es a Gangreen. If the Al|cali of the Blood be more vigorous and powerful than the Acid, it unlocks the Blood and di&s;cu&s;&s;es the Inflammation. If an Inflammation happen in a temperat Sea&s;on to young healthy People, and &s;ettle only in a fle&s;hy Part, it is le&s;s dangerous than if it &s;iez'd a Nervous Part, or attack'd Ca|chectic old Per&s;ons. For the mo&s;t part all Inflammations are acute, and accompanied by a Feaver.</P>
<P>As for the Cure of Inflammations, Purging is pernicious. Perhaps upon the account of the Feaver, a gentle Laxative may be allow'd. Or if the Belly be Co&s;tive a Cly&s;ter of Whey and Hony may be injected. Bleeding is very proper e&s;picially in the Beginning, as well by way of <HI>Revul&s;ion</HI> in the oppo&s;it &s;ide to the part affected, as by way of <HI>Aver&s;ion</HI> in the &s;ame &s;ide at &s;ome di&s;tance, and by way of Derivation ju&s;t by it. But we ought to be cautious of not over-doing and weakening the Patient, or of being mi&s;-led by the Pra|ctices
<PB N="355" REF="178">of &s;ome in hotter Climats, that cannot be look'd up|on as precedents in ours.</P>
<P>What remains of the internal Cure is admirably accounted for by admini&s;tring Volatil Sudorifics that unlock and atte|nuat the Blood, and Ab&s;orbent Powders that inbibe the Acid. Of the former &s;ort are the Spirits of <HI>Sal-Armoniac,</HI> volatil Salt of Harts-horn, Venice Treacle, the Spirit of Venice Treacle Camphoris'd, and e&s;pecially the Spirit, E&s;&s;ence, Syrup, or Water of Elder Flowers; To all which we frequently add <HI>Laudanum Opiatum,</HI> e&s;pecially if un|quietne&s;s thuart the de&s;ign of Sweating. The Ab&s;orbents are Harts-horn, Ivory, Unicorns-horn, Diaphoretic Antimony, Mineral Bezoar, and e&s;pecially Crabs Eyes mix'd with Vi|negar. Tho' Vinegar be an acid, yet when joyn'd to Crabs Eyes, and ab&s;orbent Powders, it ferments and a&s;&s;umes a lixivious Urinous form, which is of admirable efficacy for di&s;&s;olving clotted Blood. To the&s;e we ought always to add <HI>Sperma Ceti,</HI> and the Decoctions, or Waters of Vulnerary Plants as being inrich'd with a plentiful Alcali. The dul|cify'd Spirit of Nitre, and all the Preparations of Nitre, are al&s;o of excellent u&s;e, e&s;pecially if the Feaver be high.</P>
<P>As for external applications, I refer the Reader to the &s;ixth Book, and &s;hall only now take notice of two Particu|lars. 1. The mi&s;take of tho&s;e who apply repelling A&s;tringents, in order to &s;traiten the Ve&s;&s;els and hinder the Corruption of Blood. Whereas the Doctrine of Cir|culation teaches us that the Blood convey'd thither by the Arteries, cannot be beat back, or return any other way than by the Veins: Now to &s;traiten the Ve&s;&s;els that are already &s;trait|ned by the &s;welling, is the ready way to hinder the Bloods acce&s;s to the Veins and augment the Inflammation. 2. If the tumor cannot be di&s;cu&s;s'd, we mu&s;t bring it to a Head by ripening Applications; and when the Ulcer is open &s;ee it throughly cleans'd before we attempt to con&s;olidat.</P>
<P>The general Cure of Inflammations being thus accounted for, we proceed to Particular Inflammations.</P>
<DIV5 N="1" TYPE="article">
<PB N="356" REF="179">
<HEAD>ART. 1. <HI>Of a Quin&s;ey, Thru&s;h, and falling of the &V;vula or Palat of the Mouth.</HI></HEAD>
<P>THE Inflammation of the Mu&s;cles of the Neck, e&s;pecial|ly tho&s;e of the Windpipe and Gullet is &s;til'd a <HI>Quin&s;y;</HI> under which we comprehend all Inflammations relating to the Chops. If the <HI>Internal</HI> Mu&s;cles of the Throat or Head of the Gullet are inflam'd 'tis call'd <HI>Synanche;</HI> if the <HI>External, Para&s;ynanche;</HI> if the <HI>Internal</HI> Mu&s;cles of the Head of the Windpipe, <HI>Cynanche;</HI> if the <HI>External Paracynanche.</HI> If a Quin|&s;ey proceed from the &s;imple Stagnation of pure Blood, 'tis accounted <HI>Genuin;</HI> if the Vi&s;cidity of the Lymph be the fir&s;t Author of the Swelling, and &s;o accompany or rather cau&s;e the Stagnation, 'tis a <HI>&s;purious</HI> or <HI>white</HI> Quin&s;ey.</P>
<P>The cau&s;es of a Quin&s;ey are the un&s;ea&s;onable &s;uppre&s;&s;ion of a Flux of Blood, malignant Mia&s;ma's in the Air irrita|ting the Throat and Windpipe, the a&s;&s;umption of Corro&s;ive Liquors, which provoke the Mu&s;cles to con|tractions; cold Air, Bones, Pieces of Gla&s;s, or what|ever happens to di&s;turb the repo&s;e of tho&s;e Parts, or thicken the Blood, or Lymph. The vi&s;cidity or &s;harpne&s;s of the Lymph, has a peculiar tendency to the Inflammation of the <HI>Ton&s;illae</HI> or Glandules in the Throat; which cau&s;es 'em to throw out large Quantities of glutinous Lymph upon the Tongue and Jaws.</P>
<P>An Imminent Quin&s;ey is u&s;her'd in by a difficulty of Breathing, &s;wallowing, and moving the Neck; and a nota|ble Heat in the Throat. The Symptoms that accompany it are a difficulty of Breathing, e&s;pecially in a <HI>Cynanche;</HI> the tumor, pain, and redne&s;s of the Neck and Tongue, a vi&s;|cous Film or Cru&s;t proceeding from the Ton&s;illae and cover|ing the Tongue, a difficulty of &s;wallowing, e&s;pecially in a <HI>Synanche.</HI> A genuine Quin&s;ey is al&s;o attended by an acute Feaver, and a di&s;tending Convul&s;ive Pul&s;e like that in a Peripneumonia. But a &s;purious one by a &s;low Feaver and meeker Symptoms.</P>
<P>If this Inflammation be not quickly di&s;cu&s;s'd, it either choaks the Patient or becomes an Ulcer, which &s;ometimes di&s;tils a purulent matter into the Lungs, and occa&s;ions tra|gical
<PB N="357" REF="179">Symptoms. If the &s;welling and redne&s;s di&s;play them|&s;elves vi&s;ibly upon the external Mu&s;cles, 'tis a good Circum|&s;tance: If the internal &s;welling, and difficulty of breathing increa&s;e without an apparent Tumor, and be attended by Froth in the Mouth; If the Feaver ob&s;erve the period of a continual <HI>Tertian;</HI> if the Vein under the Tongue, when o|pen'd, do not bleed; the&s;e, I &s;ay, are bad Omens. If the Swelling di&s;appear of a &s;udden, without the Signs of Con|coction in the Spittle, or diminution of the anxiety of the Brea&s;t; or if the Head, Pleura, or other parts are &s;eiz'd with Pain and inflammation, by vertue of the Tran&s;lation of the morbifical Matter, we look for Death.</P>
<P>The Cure is either internal or external. The former is the &s;ame with that of Inflammations in general, providing a due regard be had to the peculiar con&s;titution of the Parts; as appears by the following Rules.</P>
<P N="1">1. The volatil Salts and ab&s;orbent Powders above menti|on'd, join'd to the dulcifi'd Spirit of Nitre and <HI>Laudannm,</HI> are given with good &s;ucce&s;s in order to &s;weat. E&s;pecially Hor&s;e-Dung, and the Dung of Birds, as being plentifully impregnated with a Volatil nitrous Salt; Nitre di&s;&s;olv'd in the ordinary Drink, is al&s;o much approv'd.</P>
<P N="2">2. Amber, Myrrh, Spirit of Harts-horn, and all Medi|cines recommended for Catarrhs, are very proper in Quin|&s;eys, by rea&s;on that the Lymph is always faulty, as well as the Blood.</P>
<P N="3">3. In the beginning of the Di&s;ea&s;e, we fir&s;t open a Vein in the Leg, then in the Arm, and towards the height, under the Tongue. Before the Inva&s;ion of a Quin&s;ey, if the Patient be not Plethorick, nor the Blood very high, we may order Blood-letting under the Tongue; but in no other ca&s;e before the height. If the Piles or Terms are &s;uppre&s;&s;ed, we mu&s;t always let Blood in the Leg. In de&s;perate ca&s;es we apply Scarify'd Cupping-Gla&s;&s;es to the Neck, Shoulders, and Chin. In fine, the Con&s;titution of the Patient, and other incident Circum&s;tances, mu&s;t be our Directory for regulating the Mea&s;ures of Bleeding.</P>
<P N="4">4. Epidemical Quin&s;eys, or &s;uch as proceed from the ma|lignity of the Air, mu&s;t be treated as malignant Di&s;ea&s;es, with|out Bleeding or Purging. And the Phy&s;ician ought to avoid their Breath as being very catching.</P>
<P N="5">5. Antimonial Vomits are of &s;ingular u&s;e in the beginning of the Di&s;ea&s;e, e&s;pecially if it be epidemical, or if the Patient be mole&s;ted with a bitter ru&s;ty ta&s;te in the Mouth, a tick|ling
<PB N="358" REF="180">heat in the Gullet, and a loathing of Meat. They are improper at any other time, be&s;ides the very height of the Di&s;ea&s;e, when the &s;uppuration is in &s;ome mea&s;ure advanced, and the Swelling cannot be laid open. Then indeed a Vo|mit is the la&s;t Refuge. If the Per&s;on cannot &s;wallow any Liquor, let the Throat be tick'ld with <HI>Mercurius Vitae</HI> with Hony upon a Feather.</P>
<P N="6">6. Purgatives are improper; as being apt to augment In|flammations. Perhaps in the beginning, 'twill not be impro|per to clean&s;e the fir&s;t Pa&s;&s;ages with a Laxative. But Cly|&s;ters ought to be injected every Day, during the whole pro|gre&s;s of the Di&s;ea&s;e.</P>
<P N="7">7. Bli&s;tering Plai&s;ters applied to the Neck, after the fir&s;t Blood-letting, are not improper.</P>
<P N="8">8. If the Inflammation of the <HI>Ton&s;illae,</HI> ari&s;ing from vi&s;cid Lymph, be apt to relap&s;e frequently, let an I&s;&s;ue be cut in the Arm.</P>
<P N="9">9. We mu&s;t be very nice in di&s;tingui&s;hing a Quin&s;ey from a <HI>Prunella,</HI> which generally follows Feavers, and requires the application of Medicines improper for a Quin&s;ey. See the Chap. of <HI>Acute Feavers.</HI></P>
<P>The external part of the Cure of a Quin&s;ey is perform'd,</P>
<P N="1">1. By Gargari&s;ms, Ointments, Catapla&s;ms, and Plai&s;ters of di&s;cu&s;&s;ing Ingredients, &s;uch as Chamomil and Elder-Flow|ers, Mint, Penny-Royal, Wild Marjoram, Sage, Hy&s;&s;op; the Seeds of Dill, Rapes, Mu&s;tard and Cummin; Saffron, Camphyr, Swallow-wort, the Dung of Animals, the Juice of River-Crabs, the Per&s;ons own Urine, the Spirit of Wine, <HI>Sal-Armoniac,</HI> and Juice of Hou&s;e-leek. The common Pra|ctitioners generally add a&s;tringent Ingredients, whereas they are very pernicious, and augment the Inflammation, by hind|ring the Bloods acce&s;s to the Veins: upon which account we only u&s;e attenuating volatil Ingredients; as for a Garga|ri&s;m, the Decoction of Rapes mix'd with <HI>Sal-Armoniac.</HI> Or,</P>
<P>Take of Lovage-Roots, &s;ix drams; Smallage-Roots, three drams; Elder-flowers, a handful and a half; Mallows leaves, a handful. Boil them in Barley-water, and add to the &s;train'd Decoction, Hony of Mercury, an ounce; Spirit of <HI>Venice</HI> Treacle, &s;ix drams; &s;pirit of <HI>Sal-Armoniac,</HI> a dram. Make a Gargari&s;m.</P>
<P>After the beginning of the Di&s;ea&s;e, Gargari&s;ms are impro|per as requiring a motion prejudicial and painful to the in|flam'd Parts. Upon which Account, we order the Patient only to let the Liquor lie in the Mouth for &s;ome time. As
<PB N="359" REF="180">for Di&s;cu&s;&s;ing Catapla&s;ms, tho&s;e of bruis'd Wormwood-leaves mix'd with Hoggs-Fat; or of a Swallow's Ne&s;t boil'd in Wine; apply'd to the Swelling, are of excellent u&s;e. For a Plai&s;ter, we apply that of Melilot &s;often'd with di|&s;till'd Oyl of Amber. For an Ointment, the Oyl of &s;weet Almonds, mix'd with <HI>Sal-Armoniac;</HI> as al&s;o the following Oyl.</P>
<P>Take of Brim&s;tone pulveris'd, and Salt of Tartar, of each a Dram. Melt 'em, and let 'em &s;tand 'till they grow cold. Then pulveri&s;e the Ma&s;s, and add of the Oyl of &s;weet Al|monds, three ounces; Oyl of Camphyr half a Dram. Mix, and &s;et 'em to dige&s;t for three Days.</P>
<P N="2">2. If the Tumor be not quickly di&s;cu&s;s'd, we mu&s;t &s;et a&s;ide all &s;harp provoking Ingredients, and endeavour to bring it to maturity by &s;oft, temperat, ripening Medicines. Such are the Decoctions of the Herbs Mallows and Melilot, Mar&s;h-mallows-Roots, and Figs, in Whey or Milk, and &s;weeten'd with Hony for a Gargari&s;m; or the Oyl of &s;weet Almonds, and Ointment of Mar&s;hmallows, with which we anoint the outward Parts, and then apply the following Catapla&s;m.</P>
<P>Take a Swallows-ne&s;t, with the Dung, three roa&s;ted Onyons, and two or three handfuls of Elder-flowers. Boil 'em in Milk. Beat the Pulp thro' a Sive, and add half an Ounce of <HI>Album Graecum;</HI> half a dram of the di&s;till'd Oyl of Chamo|mil; and a &s;ufficient quantity of the Oyl of White Lillies, in order to make a Catapla&s;m.</P>
<P N="3">3. The Tumor being thus ripen'd, we mu&s;t endeavour to open it, by anointing the Jaws with Hony mix'd with Dog's Dung: Or if that be &s;ucce&s;sle&s;s by a Gargari&s;m of Mu|&s;tard-Seed, boil'd in Mead; or of the Oyl of Vitriol mix'd with White-Wine, and ordering the Patient to Cough, and Hauk; and in the la&s;t extremity, admini&s;tring a Vomit, or opening the Larynx.</P>
<P N="4">4. When the Ulcer is open'd, it ought to be cleans'd by the Decoction of Barly or Speedwell, mix'd with Hony of Ro&s;es, or Black-&s;mith's Water, for a Gargari&s;m. If it prove very &s;ordid, we may add the rectifi'd Spirit of Salt, or Spirit of Vitriol; and in de&s;perate ca&s;es, touch the Ulcer with <HI>&V;nguentum Aegyptiacum,</HI> or <HI>Platerus</HI>'s green Water mix'd with Hony. After 'tis &s;ufficiently cleans'd, touch it with an Ointment of Myrrh, Florentin, Orris-Roots, Burnt-Al|lum and Hony of Ro&s;es, and gargle the Mouth with vul|nerary a&s;tringent mixtures.</P>
<PB N="360" REF="181">
<P>As for the Thru&s;h, or excoriation of the Mouth, it fre|quently attends Feavers, when the Stomac is &s;tuff'd with green ru&s;ty Humours, and the Phy&s;ician neglects to clean&s;e it, and then it reaches from the Stomac to the Tongue. In other ca&s;es it proceeds from the &s;harpne&s;s of Spittle. If the Cru&s;t is black, livid, green, flat, and continues long dry, it portends a tedious Di&s;ea&s;e. The Cure con&s;i&s;ts in moi&s;tening and &s;oftening the affected Part. For which end, let the Juice of Rapes, or mucilage of Quinces, with Nitre or fre&s;h Butter and Sugar, be applied to the Tongue. If it degenerat into Ulcers, gargle the Mouth with the Deco|ction of Speedwell mix'd with Hony; or wa&s;h the Ulcers with the Phlegm of Vitriol and Plantan-Water. In Scorbu|tical Ca&s;es, add the &s;pirit of Salt, and that of Vitriol; and for Venereal ca&s;es; <HI>Platerus</HI>'s green Water.</P>
<P>The falling of the <HI>&V;vula,</HI> is cur'd by applying to it <HI>Sal-Armoniac</HI> and Pepper; gargling the Mouth with the Deco|ction of Self-heal, mix'd with <HI>Sal-Armoniac</HI> and crude Allum; or the Decoction of Hemp-&s;eed in Vinegar and Water; and applying to the Crown of the Head, a mixture of Ye&s;t, Spi|rit of Wine, Ma&s;tic and Amber.</P>
</DIV5>
<DIV5 N="2" TYPE="article">
<HEAD>ART. 2. <HI>Of Inflammations of the Stomac, Guts, and Fundament.</HI></HEAD>
<P>THE Cau&s;es of an Inflmamation of the Stomac, are the &s;ame as tho&s;e of other Inflammations. The Symptoms are an Acute Feaver, a Tumor, a Pain and &s;en&s;e of Heat under the &s;hort Ribs; an unquenchable Thir&s;t; unquietne&s;s and Watchings. The profundity of the Pain, the comparative invi&s;ibility of the Tumour, and the acutene&s;s of its Symptoms di&s;tingui&s;h it from the Inflammation of the Liver, or of the Mu&s;cles of the Belly. Sometimes the Inflammation &s;uppu|rates; and then if the purrulent Matter fall inward upon the Guts, there is not &s;o much danger, as if it were di&s;|charg'd into the external Cavity.</P>
<P>As for the Cure: Purgatives, during the increa&s;e are im|proper: Bleeding ought to be cautiou&s;ly manag'd, by rea|&s;on of the Swoonings and Convul&s;ive Symptoms that attend this Di&s;te<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">per. Cly&s;ters are very convenient. But the
<PB N="361" REF="181">Sudorifics recommended above for Inflammations in general are the Ba&s;is of the Cure. E&s;pecially Antimonial Nitre, or the dulcifi'd &s;pirit of Nitre, mix'd with the Decoction of Liquorice for ordinary Drinking. The Sugar of Lead mix'd with <HI>Poterius</HI>'s <HI>Antihectic,</HI> Pulp of <HI>Tamarinds,</HI> Mineral Bezo|ar, and Tartar vitriolated. Externally foment with the De|coction of Chamomil and red Ro&s;es in Wine; and apply di&s;cu&s;&s;ing Catapla&s;ms of Aromatick Plants boil'd in Wine. If the Tumor incline to &s;uppurat, apply the following Ca|tapla&s;m.</P>
<P>Take of Fenugree Seeds, three Ounces; Pigeon's Dung, two Ounces; Ye&s;t, and Hony, of each an Ounce; Oyl of Chamomil, an ounce and a half. Mix, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P>As for internal Admini&s;trations: In ca&s;e of Suppuration, exhibit Turpentin di&s;&s;olv'd with the Yelk of an Egg in Sca|bious Water, or the rectifi'd Spirit of Tartar, and the Juice of Syrup of Scabious. If the Tumour is open, admini&s;ter the Decoction of Hy&s;&s;op mix'd with Hony, or Chalybeat Milk, or the Decoction of China-Roots and Scabious Leaves with ab&s;orbent Powders, Bal&s;am of <HI>Peru,</HI> Bal&s;am of Sulphur, and the Oyl or Extract of the Flowers of St. <HI>John</HI>'s Wort: If the Stomac be ulcerated by the corro&s;ion of &s;harp Liquors, admini&s;ter fir&s;t a Vomit, and then the Mucilages of Flea|wort and Quince-&s;eeds, mix'd with Tragacanth, and Sy|rup of Ro&s;es.</P>
<P>The Inflammation of the Guts is caus'd by Dy&s;enteries, Ruptures, Iliac Pains, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> The Symptoms are a Tumor, Heat, and beating Pain; a Lipyria Feaver, in which the external Parts are cold, while the internal are un&s;ufferably hot; Co&s;tivene&s;s, Retraction of the <HI>Anus,</HI> and &s;uppre&s;&s;ion of Urine. If the &s;mall Guts are the &s;eat of the Inflammati|on, it appears about the Navel, and is attended by a diffi|culty of Breathing, and Vomiting. If the great Guts are only affected, the Swelling appears in the &s;ides of the Belly, the Loins are infe&s;ted with a weighty Pain; the Symptoms are more remi&s;s and bear downward. If the Pain attend|ing the Iflammation be &s;uddenly extingui&s;h'd, it notifies a Gangrene. For Cure; let Cly&s;ters of Milk, Hony, and pu|rifi'd Nitre be &s;peedily injected; let a Vein be open'd in the Arm oftner than once, if there be occa&s;ion; let a Caul of a Sheep kill'd in the very Room with the Patient, be laid upon the Belly, and, if the Pain do not cea&s;e, let it be &s;hifted for fre&s;h ones, twice, or thrice; let the di&s;<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ill'd Oyl of Lead, with Oyl of Ro&s;es, be applied at other times; and
<PB N="362" REF="182">let the dulcifi'd Spirit of Nitre, with <HI>Laudanum Opiatum,</HI> Sugar and Oyl of Lead, and proper Sudorifics, be internal|ly admini&s;tted.</P>
<P>The Inflammations of the <HI>Anus,</HI> are caus'd by the &s;uppre&s;|&s;ion of the Piles, exce&s;&s;ive riding, and &s;uch like external Cau&s;es. The Symptoms are the &s;ame as tho&s;e of Inflamma|tions in general. For Cure, open a Vein in the Arm; inject Cly&s;ters of emollient Ingredients boil'd in Milk; or if the&s;e be in&s;ufficient, of Lin-&s;eed and Rape-&s;eed Oyl; and if the Excrements be harden'd, add a dram of <HI>Sal Gem.</HI> If the Inflam|mation be &s;o great that Cly&s;ters cannot be injected, admini|&s;ter Rai&s;ins, or &s;uch like gentle Laxatives for opening the Belly; and gentle Sudorifics for promoting Sweat. Exter|nally apply the Decoction of Mint and Agrimony in Wine, or Lime-Water; or that of Mullein Flowers, and Henbane Leaves in Whey; or the mucilage of Quinces extracted with Hou&s;eleek-Water, and mix'd with Sugar of Lead. If the Inflammation was caus'd by the Contact of any &s;harp thing, &s;uch as Paper cover'd with Pepper or Vitriol; foment with the Decoctions of emollient Ingredients in Milk, mix'd with the Whites of Eggs. If it cannot be di&s;cu&s;s'd, apply <HI>Rulan|dus</HI>'s Bal&s;am of Sulphur (made of Sugar and the Oyl of Poppies) and inject Cly&s;ters of Chalybeat Milk mix'd with Turpentine and Hony of Ro&s;es. After ulceration, apply Fulminatory Gold mix'd with the Oyl of Sweet-Almonds, and exhibit internally vulnerary Decoctions.</P>
</DIV5>
<DIV5 N="3" TYPE="article">
<HEAD>ART. 3. <HI>Of Inflammations of the Me&s;entery, Sweet-bread, and Caul.</HI></HEAD>
<P>THE Inflammations of the Me&s;entery, proceed from the &s;ame Cau&s;es as all other Inflammations, particularly from the critical tran&s;lation of morbifical Matter into their Glandules, from the un&s;ea&s;onable &s;uppre&s;&s;ion of a Dy&s;entery, or from a rupture haling it out of its natural Seat. The Signs are very ob&s;cure and uncertain, by rea&s;on of the Me|&s;entery's di&s;tance from the external &s;urface, and its open corre&s;pondence with the Nerves of other Parts, which fre|quently obtrude the effect upon us, under the notion of the principal Cau&s;e. However the following Symptoms will
<PB N="363" REF="182">give us &s;ome light into the matter, <HI>viz.</HI> A &s;en&s;e of weight in the Belly, e&s;pecially when the Per&s;on turns him&s;elf in his Bed; a gentle Heat towards the Navel, a &s;mall Pain, and a &s;ort of di&s;tention and Heat under the Stomac; and the &s;e|ro&s;ity of the Excrements, or their mixture with Chyle, when the Stomac is not di&s;order'd. 'Tis di&s;tingui&s;h'd from the In|flammations that the Navel is liable to, by the remi&s;sne&s;s and dulfle&s;s of its Pain, and invi&s;ibility of the Tumor, or ab&s;ence of apparent hardne&s;s. If the remote Parts of the Me&s;entery are only inflam'd, the Feaver that accompanies is but &s;low; but if the Parts adjacent to the Guts be &s;eiz'd, the Feaver is acute, the Symptoms much higher, and the Guts &s;hare in the Inflammation. When the Tumor &s;up|purats, the Feaver and other Symptoms are exalted, and when it is ready to break, a &s;hivering, and &s;ometimes a &s;haking &s;eizes the Per&s;on, which are &s;ometimes follow'd by the evacuation of purulent Matter by Stool or Urine.</P>
<P>The&s;e Inflammations are but &s;low-pac'd, and require a long time before they come to maturity. Their Symp|toms are &s;o ob&s;cure, that they do not much trouble the Pa|tient at fir&s;t, tho' by degenerating into Schirrus's or Ulcers throwing purulent Matter upon the Entrails, they frequent|ly cau&s;e Hectics, Cachexies, Gangrenes, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> If the purulent Matter be ca&s;t into the Guts, and voided by Stool; It is di&s;tingui&s;h'd from that of Impo&s;thumes in the Guts by this difference, <HI>viz.</HI> That from the Me&s;entery comes in a body, mix'd with &s;ome Blood, and without Pain; whereas the other is &s;queez'd out by drops, with violent Gripings and an Acute Feaver.</P>
<P>As for the Cure: Since the Feaver and Symptoms are not Acute, Bleeding is improper; or if any be allow'd, that of the Hemorhoid Veins is only convenient. Purga|tives are hurtful; but emollient Cly&s;ters are of excellent u&s;e. The better part of the Cure depends upon Di&s;cu&s;&s;ing Sudorifics, e&s;pecially the Tincture and Spirit of Tartar, the carminative Spirit, the E&s;&s;ence of Steel, the E&s;&s;ences of bitter Herbs, &s;uch as Wormwood, Centory, Fumitory, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> The E&s;&s;ence of Gum Ammoniac, and Chalybeat Diaphore|tics. Externally, we apply the Plai&s;ter of Gum Ammoni|ac with that of Hemlock (providing it do not exa&s;perate the Pain. If it do, we conclude that the Inflammation is become an Impo&s;thume, and the Plai&s;ter ought to be re|mov'd.) When the Impo&s;thume breaks, and the purulent Matter is voided by Urine, it runs fir&s;t plentifully, and af|terwards
<PB N="364" REF="183">intermits; nay, oft-times the Urine it &s;elf is very plentiful, and &s;eems to precipitat a laudable Sediment to the bottom, which is nothing el&s;e but the melting of the Hu|mors of the Body, and is ju&s;tly look'd upon as a very bad Sign. Now when we are appehen&s;ive of an Impo&s;t|hume, 'twill be requi&s;ite to give Diuretics and Ab&s;tergents, e&s;pecially Turpentin di&s;&s;olv'd with the Yelk of an Egg, and mix'd with Chalybeats; the Bal&s;am of <HI>Peru,</HI> Rhubarb, the Decoctions of Sa&s;&s;afras, China, Liquorice, and Jujubes; and the Decoction of Agrimony, St. <HI>John</HI>'s Wort, Cichory, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> in Whey.</P>
<P>The Inflammations and &s;ub&s;equent Schirrus's and Impo&s;t|humes of the Sweet-bread, are of the &s;ame nature as tho&s;e of the Me&s;entery, and equally apt to di&s;gui&s;e them&s;elves un|der the cover of Chronical Di&s;ea&s;es, that in effect owe their Birth to them. The like may be &s;aid of tho&s;e of the Caul. Both the one and the other are Cur'd as tho&s;e of the Me&s;entery, or other Inflammations.</P>
</DIV5>
<DIV5 N="4" TYPE="article">
<HEAD>ART. 4. <HI>Of Inflammations of the Internal Parts of the Brea&s;t, and particularly of a Pleuri&s;ie and</HI> Pe|ripneumonia.</HEAD>
<P>THE Blood being expos'd to the influence of Air in the Lungs, is apt to cau&s;e Inflammations in the adjacent Parts. When the Lungs or both their &s;ides are inflam'd, we call it a <HI>Peripneumonia;</HI> if the <HI>Pleura</HI> and only one &s;ide of the Lungs are affected, 'tis a Pleuri&s;ie. Sometimes the <HI>Media&s;tinum,</HI> Midriff, and the backpart of the Brea&s;t, or the Membranes of the Shoulders and Neck, &s;hare of the Inflammation by turns.</P>
<P>The cau&s;e of &s;uch Inflammations is a vicious Acid, which both provokes the Parts to Contractions, and di&s;po&s;es the Blood for Curdling. The remote Cau&s;es are cold Air, or cold Drink, after great Heats, violent Motion, exce&s;&s;ive drinking of &s;pirituous Liquors, the &s;uppre&s;&s;ion of the Terms, or of a Dy&s;entery (which do's not radically differ from a Pleuri&s;ie,) a Malignant Con&s;titution of the Air, the un&s;ea|&s;onable retreat of a Scab or Cuticular Eruptions, external B<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="3 letters">&s;es, Falls, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P>Some of the&s;e Inflammations are <HI>Benign;</HI> others <HI>Malig|nant</HI>
<PB N="365" REF="183">or Epidemical, as proceeding from the Air: &s;ome are principal Di&s;ea&s;es, others only retainers to other di&s;tempers, as Feavers, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> &s;ome are &s;imple Inflammations only of one Part, others Complicated as when the Middriff is inflam'd at the &s;ame time with the <HI>Pleura:</HI> &s;ome are continual, others periodical and apt to return frequently after inter|mi&s;&s;ions, by rea&s;on of &s;ome &s;mall remains of the acid Fer|ment, that were not extirpated in preceding Inflammations: &s;ome Pleuri&s;ies are call'd A&s;cending, when the &s;eat of the Pain is above the third Rib, reckoning from the Neck, in which Region the Interco&s;tal Ve&s;&s;els are deriv'd from the Axillary; others de&s;cending, when the Pain is &s;eated betwixt the third and &s;eventh Ribs, where the Interco&s;tal Ve&s;&s;els are deriv'd from the inferior Trune of the great Artery. La&s;tly, &s;ome Pleuri&s;ies are Genuin, accompany'd by Feavers and other Symptoms, relating only to the <HI>Pleura</HI> and one &s;ide of the Lungs; others are &s;purious as being free from acute Feavers.</P>
<P>Of the &s;purious Pleuri&s;ies we &s;hall mention four In&s;tances. 1. When the external Mu&s;cles of the Brea&s;t and the inter|nal Interco&s;tal Mu&s;cles are only inflam'd. In this ca&s;e the Feaver is &s;low, or there's none at all; the Pul&s;e is not very hard, the pain is gentle and does not &s;hoot, nor is it much ex|a&s;perated by touching, and the Patient is ea&s;ie when he lies on the oppo&s;ite &s;ide. 2. When the Lymph or Serum impregnated with a vicious acid &s;tagnats in the Pleura, without inflaming either it or the Lungs. This &s;ort of Ba&s;tard Pleurifies frequently invades Scorbutical Per&s;ons, or tho&s;e who&s;e nervous Sy&s;teme is infirm. Its Symptoms are, a &s;hooting pain in the &s;ide, without Feaver or Thir&s;t, a laudable Pulle, and little or no Coughing. 3. When a &s;harp &s;erous Humour di&s;tends the <HI>Pleaura</HI> and interco|&s;tal Mu&s;cles. This kind of Pleuri&s;ies is generally im|puted to Wind and Vapors. Its Symptoms are a wan|dring periodical pain, that do's not &s;hoot, a freedom from a Feaver, Coughing, or bloody Spittings; and a &s;en&s;ible ea&s;e accruing by lying on the oppo&s;ite &s;ide to the part affected. 4. When the Worms in the Guts occa&s;ion all the Symptoms that attend a genuin Pluri&s;ie, and are only di&s;cover'd by the di&s;orders of the Belly and unea&s;ine&s;s of the Stomac, compli|cated with Pleuritical Symptoms.</P>
<P>The Symptoms common to all Inflammations in the Brea&s;t, are, 1. A difficult frequent Re&s;piration. 2. A continual acute Feaver, Head-ache, Thir&s;t, and Watching. 3. A frequent, hard, quick, and intermitting Pul&s;e. 4. The Redne&s;s and Inflammati|on
<PB N="366" REF="184">of the Face and Eyes, and e&s;pecially of that &s;ide of the Face corre&s;ponding to the inflam'd &s;ide of the Lungs. 5. A trou|ble&s;ome Cough, which at fir&s;t is dry; but afterwards ca&s;ts forth a thin parti-colour'd Matter, and in progre&s;s of time, Blood it &s;elf. Towards the declen&s;ion of the Di&s;ea&s;e, the Spittings become white, thick, and concocted.</P>
<P>The peculiar Symptoms of a <HI>Peripneumonia,</HI> are a notable difficulty of Breathing, and fear of &s;uffocation, a heavy pain in time of Coughing towards the lower and hinder part of the <HI>Thorax,</HI> a propen&s;ity to Vomit during the fir&s;t days of the Di&s;ea&s;e, and a peculiar exaltation of all feaveri&s;h Symp|toms. Pleuritical Per&s;ons are mole&s;ted with a pricking &s;titch in the &s;ide, e&s;pecially during the time of In&s;piration; and are not &s;o apt to Vomit. When the <HI>Midriff</HI> is inflam'd, Re&s;|piration is more unequal, a dull &s;en&s;e of pain girds the Belly and Back a little above the Loins; In&s;piration is attended by unea&s;ine&s;s about the <HI>Sternum</HI> and lower parts of the &s;hort Ribs; the <HI>Hypochondria</HI> &s;eem to be di&s;tended; and the Cough is not &s;o moi&s;t as in other Inflammations. The Inflammation of the <HI>Media&s;tinum</HI> re&s;embles a Pleuri&s;y in all its Symptoms, ex|cepting that of a heavy &s;ort of pain towards the middle of the fore part of the Brea&s;t, without pricking or &s;titching. If the Inflammation tend to &s;uppuration, they're attended by a &s;hivering and increa&s;e of pain, Feaver, and other Symptoms, which di&s;appear upon its maturity, and return for a &s;hort time while the Skin or Membran of the Tumour is a-break|ing.</P>
<P>Inflammations in the <HI>Thorax</HI> are either di&s;cu&s;s'd, or eva|cuated by Spitting, Sweats, Bleeding, Loo&s;ene&s;s, or a plen|tiful flux of Urine. The Inflammation of the Midriff is apt to cau&s;e fatal Phren&s;ies. A Pleuri&s;ie is not &s;o dangerous as a <HI>Peripneumonia.</HI> If the Patient &s;pit white &s;mooth Matter about the Fourth Day, the Pleuri&s;ie di&s;appears on the Se|venth; if the&s;e &s;pittings be put off 'till the Seventh, the Di&s;ea&s;e is prolong'd to the Fourteenth. If the Per&s;on &s;pit but little, and that a thin crude Matter, or pure Blood, or a bilious ru&s;ty Humor, with great Pain and difficulty of Breathing, 'tis a de&s;perate ca&s;e. The Urine affords no certain Progno&s;tic in the&s;e Di&s;ea&s;es; &s;ince all the true &s;igns of Concoction belong more naturally to the &s;pittings, which are oft-times concocted when the Urine is crude, and <HI>&egrave; con|tra:</HI> In the beginning of a Pleuri&s;ie, or <HI>Peripneumonia,</HI> bilious Vomitings are well look'd upon; but during the further progre&s;s of the Di&s;ea&s;e they're pernicious. A <HI>Perip|neumonia</HI>
<PB N="367" REF="184">&s;upervening to a Pleuri&s;ie or Quin&s;ey is very dangerous; but a Pleuri&s;ie following that is a good Omen. Phren&s;ies and doatings with a gha&s;tly Countenance, and a Ce&s;&s;ation of pain, attending Pleuri&s;ies are for the mo&s;t part fatal. In a word, the good or bad Progno&s;tic of Pleuri&s;ies and <HI>Peripneumonia</HI>'s depends upon the meekne&s;s or fiercene&s;s of the feaveri&s;h Symptoms; only the &s;mallne&s;s and intermi&s;&s;ion of the Pul&s;e is not &s;o formidable as in other Ca&s;es. If the&s;e Inflammations are not quickly di&s;cu&s;s'd they become Impo&s;thumes, which, if manag'd ami&s;s, occa&s;ion a Phthi&s;ic.</P>
<P>As for the Cure, the Indications are threefold. 1. To di&s;cu&s;s the &s;tagnating Blood. Or, 2. To promote its evacu|cuation by Spitting. Or, 3. To ripen and bring it to a Head. In Pur&s;uance of the&s;e de&s;igns, let the following Rules be taken notice of.</P>
<P N="1">1. In a <HI>Peripneumonia,</HI> Bleeding is of no u&s;e; in a ma|lignant Pleuri&s;y 'tis pernicious; in a Benign one it may be &s;erviceable, when the Blood abounds, and the Di&s;ea&s;e is very Acute; but for the mo&s;t part, 'tis not &s;o proper as &s;udorifics, nor &s;o effectual a preventer of &s;uppuration. When 'tis put in Practice 'twill be of u&s;e to di&s;tingui&s;h an a&s;cending Pleu|ri&s;y from the de&s;cending; in the former we Bleed for Re|vul&s;ion in the Leg, and for Aver&s;ion in the Arm: In the latter, for Revul&s;ion in the Arm, and for Aver&s;ion in the Arm of the oppo&s;it &s;ide. However we ought to draw forth but a &s;mall Quantity at one time; and repeat the operation after &s;hort intervals. 2. Purges and Vomits are improper either in Pleuri&s;ies or Inflammations of the Lungs. The former are apt to cau&s;e a Loo&s;ene&s;s and retard the Concoction of the Spittings. The latter draws humors to the Brea&s;t, and &s;o cannot choo&s;e but be pernicious, unle&s;s the Original of the evil lye in the Stomac, or the Inflammation be degenerat in|to an Ulcer. Cly&s;ters indeed are very Convenient, when the Belly is Co&s;tive. 3. Of all Medicines Sudorifics are the be&s;t, e&s;pecially for pleuri&s;ies. In the beginning we exhibit vo|latil Salts and Opiats, notwith&s;tanding the violent Heat of the Di&s;ea&s;e; and towards the height, fix'd Diaphoretics, e&s;pecially Diaphoretic Antimony. 4. Expectorating Remedies ought not to be admini&s;tred till towards the height of the Di&s;ea&s;e, when the matter begins to Concoct. If they are given &s;ooner, they promote Coughing, and con&s;equently the fru&s;traneous and painful concu&s;&s;ion of the inflam'd Parts, not to &s;peak of their attempting to evacuat crude Matter. However when their &s;ea&s;on comes we ought to beware of mixing 'em with Sugar,
<PB N="368" REF="185">Hony, or &s;weet Acids. 5. Opiats are only u&s;eful during the increa&s;e of the Di&s;ea&s;e; they allay the pain, and promote the Concoction of the Matter; but in the height, when the Matter is already prepar'd, they hinder its due evacuation. 6. There's nothing more pernicious than cold Drink. It hurts the Lungs, increa&s;es the Inflammation, provokes the Cough, hinders Concoction, and thwarts evacuation. There|fore let their ordinary Drink be always warm, and &s;uch as the Decoction of Barly and Liquorice, mix'd with the Tin|cture of Poppy Flowers.</P>
<P>Now, as for the Specifics that di&s;&s;olve &s;tagnating Blood, tho&s;e for a Pleuri&s;ie are of the &s;ame u&s;e in all Inflammations of the Brea&s;t. Such are red Poppies, <HI>Carduus Benedictus,</HI> and <HI>Carduus Mariae,</HI> e&s;pecially their &s;eeds; Chervil-water, the Decoction, or Powder of Burdoc-roots, the Juice of Dande|lyon, the Soot of Wood-fire given to a dram in Elder Vi|negar; the Pizzle of a Whale, or Hart, given in Powder to a dram, or by way of Decoction; the Powders of Boars-teeth, Pike Bones, Pearch and Carp-&s;tones, given to two &s;cruples; the volatil Salt of the Jawbone of a Pike; the Blood of a Goat, or of a Hare &s;trangled after Hunting, dry'd and giv|en in Powder, to a dram; the Infu&s;ion or Juice of Hor&s;e or Sheeps Dung, the Powder of Pigeons Dung, <HI>Sperma Ceti</HI> given to a dram with Ca&s;tor; the Spirit of Nitre dulcify'd with the Spirit of Wine impregnated by Cohobation with Antipleuritical Ingredients, given to two drams; the Bezoardic Tincture, given to a dram; the Flowers of Sulphur, or Gun|powder, given to a dram; and Antimony calcin'd by the heat of the Sun. The forms of pre&s;cription are as follows.</P>
<P>Take of the Seeds of <HI>Carduus Benedictus,</HI> and <HI>Carduus Mariae,</HI> of each two drams; white Poppy Seeds, a dram; with Chervil-water, make an Emul&s;ion. To which add of the Jawbone of a Pike, half a dram; Diaphoretic An|timony, a &s;cruple; &s;weeten it for a draught in order to Sweat.</P>
<P>Take of the Waters of <HI>Carduus Benedictus,</HI> and Chervil, of each an ounce and a half; of Treacle Water, &s;ix drams; clarify'd Juice of Dandelyon, an ounce and a half; prepar'd Crabs Eyes, a dram and a half; Syrup of red Poppies, an ounce and a half. Mix and exhibit two Spoonfuls every quarter of an Hour.</P>
<P>Take of the Extracts of red Poppy Flowers, Holy-hocks, and Mi&s;letoe of the Oak, of each a dram and a half; &s;hav|ings of Boars-teeth, and an Unicorn's Horn, of each two
<PB N="369" REF="185">drams; Jawbone of a Pike, a dram and a half; the inner Rinds of Filberts, a dram; Antimonial Nitre, half a dram; Magi&s;tery of Coral, a dram and a half; with the thicken'd Juice of Scabious, make a Ma&s;s; of which a &s;cruple is a Do&s;e, to be given in Poppy Flower Water.</P>
<P>Take of the Waters of <HI>Carduus Mariae,</HI> Chervil, and red Poppies, of each an ounce; the &s;pirit of Venice Treacle Camphoris'd, three drams; Diaphoretic Antimony, and Jaw-bone of a Pike, of each half a dram; volatil Salt of the Jawbones of a Pike, twelve grains; <HI>Laudanum Opiatum,</HI> three grains; Syrup of red Poppies, an ounce. Mix, and give a Spoonful now and then.</P>
<P>Take of the Blood of a Goat, a &s;cruple; Mineral Bezoar, half a &s;cruple; <HI>Laudanum Opiatum,</HI> a grain. Make a Pow|der for two Do&s;es.</P>
<P>Take of the &s;pirit of Venice Treacle Camphoris'd, three drams; E&s;&s;ence of Saffron, a dram. Mix. Do&s;e fifty or &s;ixty Drops.</P>
<P>If the&s;e di&s;&s;olving Medicines cannot di&s;cu&s;s the Inflam|mation by Sweating, we mu&s;t indeavour to promote the Concoction and Evacuation of the Matter by Spitting. For this end, we fir&s;t u&s;e thickening Ingredients, and after Concoction tho&s;e of an attenuating force. Of the former &s;ort are the Decoctions of Barly, Liquorice, Elecampane, Scabious, Jujubes, Rai&s;ins, Speedwell, red Poppies, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> An Apple excavated, &s;tuff'd with a dram of Frankincen&s;e, or Ma&s;tic, and half a dram of the Flowers of Sulphur; and &s;o roa&s;ted, and <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">hibited with <HI>Carduus Benedictus</HI> Wa|ter; the &s;pirit of <HI>Sal-Armoniac,</HI> the Con&s;erve of Violets, the Syrup of Poppies with the Flowers of Benzoin, and above all the fre&s;h Oyl of Lin&s;eed given to three ounces in a con|venient Vehicle; or in want of that; the expre&s;s'd Oyl of &s;weet Almonds. As for the latter Indication, <HI>viz.</HI> Attenua|ting, and Expectorating concocted Matter, 'tis compa&s;s'd by adding to the Decoction of the&s;e Ingredients in Mead, the Syrups of Hi&s;&s;op, Hedgmu&s;tard or Tobacco, and e&s;pecially the fre&s;h Juice of Radi&s;hes, and dulcify'd &s;pirit of Nitre.</P>
<P>As for external Application, 'tis proper to allay the pain by fomenting the Part with the Decoction of Emollient and Anodyn Ingredients or applying Frogs-&s;pawn with Burdock Roots, or an Ointment of the Juice of Coleworts, and Powder of Cummin &s;eed; or of the Fat of a Country Mou&s;e, or Hen's Dung, with Oyl of Chamomil. Or Thus,</P>
<PB N="370" REF="186">
<P>Take of the Ointment of Mar&s;h-mallows, an ounce; Oyl of &s;weet Almonds, half an ounce; di&s;till'd Oyl of Cummin, a &s;cruple; Camphyr, nine grains. Mix and a|noint the part every three hours, applying afterwards the Plai&s;ter of Melilot, mix'd with the Plai&s;ter call'd <HI>Filii Zacha|riae,</HI> and &s;often'd with the Oyl of Mullein. Every thing mu&s;t be applyed hot, and the part kept very Warm.</P>
<P>If the Inflammation can neither be di&s;cu&s;s'd, nor di&s;&s;olv'd by Expectoration, 'twill be needful to promote its &s;uppu|ration, by giving inwardly Preparations from Tobacco, Ground Ivy, Chervil, and Scabious, and applying outwardly Catapla&s;ms of Holy-hocks boyl'd in Milk, or the Plai&s;ter <HI>Filii Zachariae.</HI> After 'tis &s;ufficiently Ripe, we mu&s;t pro|vide for opening it by Vomiting, Sneezing, or admini&s;tring the Decoction and &s;moak of Tobacco, which is of Excellent u&s;e, e&s;pecially when the Impo&s;thume is &s;eated in the Lungs. Otherwi&s;e we may di&s;cover the part where it lyes, by the Heat, Pain, Swelling, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> and open a direct Pa&s;&s;age into it betwixt two of the Ribs. When the Impo&s;thume opens of it &s;elf, its Matter do's not always run into the Cavity of the Brea&s;t, as many imagine, but is oft-times gather'd within the dilated Membran that &s;urrounds the Pleura, in which Ca&s;e a <HI>Paracente&s;is,</HI> or opening in the u&s;ual place for an <HI>Empyema,</HI> is of no u&s;e. After opening the Impo&s;thume the next thing is to clean&s;e it by exhibiting the Decoctions of Chervil, or rather the Syrup or Juice of ground Ivy, and Syrup of Tobacco, with the Bal&s;am of Sulphur, Bal&s;am of <HI>Peru,</HI> and the Spirit and Oyl of Turpentin.</P>
<P>Having di&s;patch'd the Cure of a G<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">uin Pleuri&s;ie, it re|mains to touch briefly at the four Spurious kinds above men|tion'd. The fir&s;t of which is treated as other external In|flammations in general. The &s;econd proceeding from a &s;harp Acid Lymph, &s;tagnating in the <HI>Pleura,</HI> requires volatil Salts, &s;uch as the &s;pirit of <HI>Sal-Armoniac,</HI> &amp;c. mix'd with Anti|pleuritical Specifics, and during the increa&s;e of the Di&s;ea&s;e with Opiats. If the Urine be muddy and Precipitat a <HI>Sedi|ment,</HI> 'tis proper to add Diuretics, in order to di&s;charge the Matter by Urine, according to Nature's Direction. Externally Oily fat things wo' not be &s;o convenient, as dry hot Bags, or Frictions with a hot Cloth, and a Plai&s;ter of the volatil Salt of Urine and Turpentin. The third &s;ort is al&s;o cur'd by vo|latil Salts and Diaphoretics, mix'd with Opiats; to which in &s;corbutical Ca&s;es we add Adti&s;corbutics. And La&s;tly, the &s;purious Pleuri&s;ies that proceed from Worms, are admi|rably
<PB N="371" REF="186">accounted for, by exhibiting <HI>Carduus Benedictus</HI> Water|in which Quick-&s;ilver is boyl'd, and the &s;pirit of Sulphur, or dulcify'd Spirit of Vitriol.</P>
</DIV5>
<DIV5 N="5" TYPE="article">
<HEAD>ART. 5. <HI>Of Inflammations and &V;lcers of the Liver and Spleen.</HI></HEAD>
<P>INflammations of the Liver are frequenty caus'd by the external application of hot Plai&s;ters, and Cupping-gla&s;&s;es, not to &s;peak of the common Cau&s;es of other Inflammations. As for Diagno&s;tics, 'tis needful to ob&s;erve that when the convex Part of the Liver is inflam'd, they're attended mo&s;tly by the Symptoms of a Genuin Pleuri&s;ie and when the Con|cave is chiefly troubled, the Symptoms of the Stomac and Guts, &s;uch as Vomiting, Loo&s;ene&s;s, Inappetency, Loathing, Sighing, Hickcup, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> are mo&s;t notorious. The Pain of an In|flam'd Liver is always ob&s;cure, heavy, and di&s;tending; for the &s;hooting Pains that &s;ometimes infe&s;t the right Hypocon|drium, are ju&s;tly charg'd to the Colon: The Feaver heat, and &s;uch like Symptoms, are not &s;o Acute as in other Ca&s;es, by rea&s;on that the Liver enjoys only a &s;mall quantity of arterious Blood. Oft-times the Midriff &s;hares the Inflam|mation with the Liver, by means of the Ligament which annexes the one to the other; and then the Per&s;on is &s;en&s;ible of Pain in the Throat, as if it were pull'd downward when he breaths, he is troubled with a dry ineffectual Cough, difficulty of Breathing, and a quick unequal Pul&s;e, and choo&s;es rather to lye on his Back than on either &s;ide.</P>
<P>Thus the Inflammation of the Liver is di&s;tingui&s;h'd from a Pleuri&s;ie in the Right-&s;ide, by the remi&s;&s;ne&s;s of its Symp|toms, the ab&s;ence of a &s;titch or &s;hooting Pain, the dryne&s;s and meekne&s;s of the Cough, the largene&s;s and openne&s;s of the Pul&s;e, the &s;en&s;e as it were of a weight hanging upon the Right-&s;ide of the Thorax, and the ea&s;ine&s;s of Re&s;piration in re&s;pect of In&s;piration. 'Tis di&s;tingui&s;h'd from the Colic by the Feaver, Cough, and difficulty of Breathing, that the Co|lic is a &s;tranger to; as al&s;o from the Inflammation of the Mu&s;cles of the Belly, by the anxiety of the Brea&s;t, Com|parative invi&s;ibility of the Tumor, inten&s;ene&s;s of its Symptoms, and the ab&s;ence of a beating Pain. Sometimes
<PB N="372" REF="187">a reddi&s;h black line appears in the right Hypocondrium, and by its pain di&s;covers the Inflammation of the Liver. Some|times the Liver reaches to the very middle of the Belly, and di&s;covers its Tumor in the Centre.</P>
<P>As touching the Progno&s;tic, the Inflammation of the Con|cave part is more dangerous, than that of the Convex, e&s;pe|cially if attended by a Hiccough; if the Feaver be very acute, the Belly &s;woln, and the external Parts cold, while the Internal burn within, or if black greeni&s;h Matter be Vo|mited, 'tis a de&s;perat Ca&s;e. If the Inflammation and Feaver continue above twenty Days, it degenerats into an Ulcer or Schirrus; and the purulent Matter is voided mo&s;tly by Stool or Urine, or at lea&s;t but very rarely by Vomiting or Spitting. If a Copious evacuation of Urine follow the u&s;e of Nitre, 'tis a good Omen.</P>
<P>The internal Cure is compa&s;s'd by Antipleuritical Medi|cines, &s;uch as the Sugar of Lead, or rather the Cry&s;tals of Lead, with Spirit of Nitre, Antimonial Nitre, Diaphoretic Antimony, volatil Salt of Vipers, and the common Sudorifics mix'd with <HI>Laudanum Opiatum,</HI> and bitter Apperients. Ex|ternally we apply the &s;pirit of Wine Camphoris'd with Plan|tan Water, or Nitre with Vinegar of Ro&s;es and the Juice of Hou&s;eleek; or what follows.</P>
<P>Take of the Ointment of Mar&s;h-mallows, half an ounce; Oyl of Wormwood, two drams; di&s;till'd Oyl of Dill, a &s;cruple; Camphyr, nine grains. Make a Liniment, and a|noint the Part. Or,</P>
<P>Take of the Waters of Henbane, Plantan, and Water Lillies, of each an ounce; purify'd Nitre, half a dram; Camphyr di&s;&s;olv'd in &s;pirit of Wine, fifteen grains. make an Epithema, to be applied Warm.</P>
<P>Sometimes the Inflammation of the Liver proceeds from exce&s;&s;ive Venery, and 'tis cur'd thus. Take a living black Cock and cut out his Liver, which brui&s;e in four ounces of Vinegar of Ro&s;es, till it be quite di&s;&s;olv'd. Then &s;train the Vinegar, and exhibit it warm for a Draught; in the mean while, let the Patient take every Morning a Draught of the Decoction of Liquorice, Cichory, Rhubarb, Le&s;&s;er Centory, Liverwort, and the inner Rinds of Elder; adding to Every Draught a &s;cruple of <HI>Sperma Ceti.</HI></P>
<P>If notwith&s;tanding the&s;e Precautions the Inflammation come to a head, which will appear by the Feaver, Heat, and Shiverings that attend it, and their abatement when 'tis over; in that Ca&s;e we exhibit inwardly the Decoction of China
<PB N="373" REF="187">Roots, Liquorice and Rai&s;ins. And apply Emollient Ca|tapla&s;ms, with Saffron, and Wormwood Tops. If the &s;well|ing be &s;eated in the Convex part, it may be open'd with a Knife, or a Potential Cau&s;tic. If it lye in the Concave &s;ide, we mu&s;t endeavour by all means to break it, and when 'tis broken follow the conduct of Nature, in promoting the e|vacuation of the purulent Matter. As, if it be emptied into the Guts, we exhibit Mead for tempering its &s;harpne&s;s, and inject Cly&s;ters; if it be di&s;char'd by Urine, we admini&s;ter Oxymel, with the Decoctions of Smallage, Par&s;&s;ey, Juniper-berries, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> in Mead. If it recoyl into the Stomac, and cau&s;e Vomiting, we forward it with fat Broth, Oyl of &s;weet Al|monds, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> If it corrode the Membran, and ca&s;t it &s;elf into the Cavity of the Abdomen, 'tis a very dangerous ca&s;e, in which &s;ome choo&s;e to open the Abdomen, and give vent to it; in the mean while we exhibit inwardly the Decocti|ons of China, Sar&s;aparilla, and the Vulnerary Ingredients, to which we add Turpentin di&s;&s;olv'd in the yelk of an Egg, or the Bal&s;am of Sulphur prepar'd with Oyl of Tur|pentin.</P>
<P>The Inflammations of the Spleen ought to be nicely di&s;tin|gui&s;h'd from tho&s;e of the adjacent right Kidney, as being attended by a beating Pain, towards the fore-&s;ide of the Ab|domen, difficulty of Breathing, a moderat continual Feaver; whereas the Inflammations of the Kidney di&s;play them&s;elves mo&s;tly in the Back, and their Feaver is very high, without any &s;en&s;ible Pul&s;ation. In Inflammations of the Spleen, Bleeding at the left No&s;tril, Fluxes of the Piles, a Loo&s;ene&s;s and Pleu|tiful evacuations of Urine, attended by the &s;igns of Con|coction, are good Omens. Their Cure is the &s;ame as that of other Inflammations; internally all preparations of Lead, mix'd with Diaphoretics; and externally, the Plai&s;ter of Hemlock with the Oyl of Camphyr, and the Syrup of El|der, with Sugar of Lead, are of excellent u&s;e.</P>
</DIV5>
<DIV5 N="6" TYPE="article">
<HEAD>ART. 6. <HI>Of Inflammations and &V;lcers of the Kidneys.</HI></HEAD>
<P>THE Inflammations of the Kidneys may proceed from Riding, Falls, Jumping, Stones in the Kidneys, exce&s;|&s;ive Venery, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Their Symptoms are; a heat of Urine and Strangury; a &s;en&s;e of heat and pain in the Loyns, which
<PB N="374" REF="188">by the Corre&s;pondence of the Membrans, frequently rea|ches upwards to the &s;hort Ribs, and along the back, &s;o that the Per&s;on cannot bow his Body, and be&s;ides is frequently mole&s;ted with Vomiting; and likewi&s;e downwards towards the Ureter, Bladder, Huckle-bone and Thigh, cau&s;ing a num|ne&s;s in the Legs. Sometimes when one Kidney is inflam'd, the other is either by Sympathy &s;eiz'd with Spa&s;modical Con|tractions, or &s;o oppre&s;s'd with the Quantity of Blood, that 'tis unfit for &s;ecretion, and cau&s;es a Dy&s;uria: To the&s;e Symptoms we add Co&s;tivene&s;s and Chilne&s;s of external Parts. Some|times a &s;imple Stone in the Kidneys, apes the Symptoms of an Inflammation, but the continual Duration and Pul|&s;ation of the Pain, the acute continual Feaver, the heat and difficulty in making Water, that attend the latter, and are &s;trangers to the former, will point out the Di&s;tinction. If an Inflammation of the Reins happen to weak puny Per|&s;ons, or be attended by doating, or if it become an Ulcer, 'tis very dangerous. The Flux of the Emrods is a good &s;ign; but white purulent Urine, with the abatement of the Fea|ver, and extenuation of the Legs and Thighs, is a certain forerunner of Death.</P>
<P>As for the Cure, the external Remedies are the &s;ame as tho&s;e pre&s;crib'd for a Quin&s;ey, and the internal are the Spe|cifics for a Pleuri&s;ie, e&s;pecially Nitre, Sugar of Lead, and the Juice of River Crabs, given with the Decoction of Prunes, or the Emul&s;ions of cold Seeds. Purgations are noxious, unle&s;s crudities di&s;turb the Stomac, in which Ca&s;e the gentle&s;t Laxatives are only allowable. Emollient Cly&s;ters, or tho&s;e of Milk, Turpentin, and the yelk of Eggs, are pro|per. Diuretics in the Beginning increa&s;e the Inflammation, but when the matter is concocted, the more temperat &s;ort of 'em is u&s;eful, e&s;pecially Winter Cherries, Liquorice, Tur|pentin, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Or,</P>
<P>Take of the Waters of Winter Cherries, Broom and St. <HI>John</HI>'s wort, of each an ounce; di&s;till'd Vinegar, &s;ix drams; dulcify'd &s;pirit of Nitre, half a dram; Tartar Vitri|olated, fifteen grains; Syrup of Ground Ivy, half an ounce. Mix. Do&s;e a &s;poonful or two.</P>
<P>Externally, we fir&s;t Blood 'em in the Arm, then in the Ancle; and apply the juice of Hou&s;e-leek, with the juice of River Crabs and Camphyr, to which we &s;ometimes add the Oyl of Henbane, or expre&s;s'd Oyl of Poppies. <HI>Langius</HI> re|commends an Ointment of Crude Allum, mix'd with the whites of Eggs. If by the&s;e means the Inflammation cannot
<PB N="375" REF="188">be di&s;cu&s;s'd, we mu&s;t promote its &s;uppuration inwardly by the Decoction of Liquorice, Barly, Pellitory of the Wall, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> And outwardly by Catapla&s;ms of Emollient Ingredi|ents boyl'd in Milk.</P>
<P>Ulcers of the Reins are &s;ometimes the effect of Inflamma|tions, and &s;ometimes of the Corro&s;ion of a Stone. The former are le&s;s dangerous, and are attended by a whiti&s;h Urine, which by &s;tanding precipitats a white Purulent Se|diment, whereas in the latter Ca&s;e the Sediment is A&s;hy co|lour'd, and the pain in the Loyns more biting and gnawing. In either ca&s;e fetid Stools are a good &s;ign. For Cure we fir&s;t exhibit a Vomit, in order to clean&s;e the Ulcer, then Pills of &s;weet Mercury with Turpentin or Bal&s;am <HI>Capivi;</HI> the Decoction of Woods, Par&s;ley, Chervil, Chicles and Agrimony, and above all the Troches of Winter Cherries, and the Powder of dry'd river Crabs. Or the following Decoction.</P>
<P>Take of Agrimony and Flowers of St. <HI>John</HI>'s wort, of each a handful; Ma&s;tic-wood, an ounce and a half; Com|frey Roots, half an ounce; Seeds of St. <HI>John</HI>'s wort, three drams. Boyl them in Water, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> The Spaw Waters and ab&s;orbent Powders are al&s;o not improper. If the Ulcer be &s;eated in the out-&s;ide of the Reins, and &s;eize the Mu&s;cles of the Back, it ought to be laid open.</P>
</DIV5>
<DIV5 N="7" TYPE="article">
<HEAD>ART. 7. <HI>Of Inflammations and &V;lcers of the Bladder.</HI></HEAD>
<P>THE Bladder having only a few &s;mall Blood Ve&s;&s;els, is &s;eldom or never inflam'd by internal Cau&s;es; but mo&s;t|ly by external injuries, or the a&s;&s;umption of <HI>Spani&s;h</HI> Flies, or the cutting of the Stone. The Symptoms are a Di&s;tenti|on, Heat, Hardne&s;s, Tumor, and un&s;ufferable Pain in the Pubes; a &s;uppre&s;&s;ion of Urine, Tene&s;mus, Co&s;tivene&s;s, acute Feaver, and &s;ometimes Doating. It is a dangerous Di&s;ea&s;e, as being very apt to degenerat into a Gangreen, un|le&s;s it be &s;eated in the mu&s;cular Neck of the Bladder, in which Ca&s;e it oft-times &s;uppurats and becomes a trouble&s;ome Ulcer. The &s;uppuration is di&s;cover'd by the Remi&s;&s;ion of the Symptoms; and when the Ulcer breaks by the evacuation of Purulent Matter with the Urine, without it break into the
<PB N="376" REF="189">Cavity of the Abdomen, and then it frequently gains a Pa&s;|&s;age by Impo&s;thumes in the Groyn.</P>
<P>For Cure, we treat the&s;e Inflammations after the &s;ame manner, as tho&s;e of the Kidneys, in order to di&s;cu&s;s 'em. As for Injections of Cooling Liquors they're altogether u&s;e|le&s;s, partly becau&s;e they do not reach the Part, and partly becau&s;e, &s;uppo&s;ing their entrance into the Bladder, they can|not conveniently be voided again. The Ulcers of the Blad|ders ought to be carefully di&s;tingui&s;h'd from tho&s;e of the Urethra, which frequently void purulent matter, without the Urine, and cau&s;e a violent pain in making Water, which is not found in Ulcers of the Bladder, unle&s;s they be &s;eated ju&s;t in its Neck. Ulcers are cur'd by dulcifying the humors of the Body, and con&s;equently the Urine; clean|&s;ing and, con&s;olidating the Ulcer, and mitigating the Pain. The Ingredients that are proper for the&s;e Purpo&s;es are frequently mention'd above. The forms of Recipe's are as follows.</P>
<P>Take of the Herbs Agrimony, Plantan and Hor&s;e-tail, of each half an handful; Liquorice Roots, two drams; Boyl them in Plantan and Betony Water, till the third Part be Con&s;um'd. To half a pound of the &s;train'd Liquor, add Ho|ny of Ro&s;es, an ounce and a half. Mix, and exhibit a Draught twice a day, for mitigating the &s;harp humors; for which end the Decoction of Ground-pine in Milk is al&s;o very u&s;eful.</P>
<P>Take of Turpentin, &s;ix drams; Hony, an ounce; with the yelk of one Egg, di&s;&s;olve 'em in four ounces of <HI>Spani&s;h</HI> Wine. Mix. Do&s;e, &s;ix drams; for the abovemention'd u&s;e, and for clean&s;ing the Ulcer.</P>
<P>Take of the Shavings of <HI>Lignum Sanctum,</HI> three ounces; Roots of Sar&s;aparilla, Liquorice, and Eryngo, of each an ounce; of the Herbs Agrimony, Speedwell, and Ground Ivy, of each half a handful; Flowers of Ro&s;es and Violets, of each three little handfuls; Rai&s;ins, an ounce and a half. Boyl them in Water, and exhibit a Draught of the &s;train'd Decoction frequently, for con&s;olidating the Ulcer.</P>
<P>Take of Liquorice Roots, two ounces; red Vetches, a little handful; the Rinds of Beans, an ounce; Plantan Leaves, a handful; Boyl them in Water, with a little lye, adding two ounces of Turpentin di&s;&s;olv'd in Hony to a pound of the &s;train'd Decoction; and in de&s;perat Ca&s;es the Oint|ment <HI>Aegyptiacum.</HI> Mix, and inject it with a Syringe for clean&s;ing the Ulcer.</P>
<PB N="377" REF="189">
<P>Take of Ladies Mantle, and Tops of St. <HI>John</HI>'s wort, of each a handful; Mar&s;hmallow-roots, half an ounce; boil them in Lime-water, adding to ten ounces of the &s;train'd Li|quor, one ounce of the Syrup of Comfry, and three or four drams of the vulnerary E&s;&s;ence. Mix, for injection, in order to con&s;olidat. Bathing in hot Baths, and drinking Spaw Waters, are much approv'd, both for Inflammations and Ulcers of the Bladder.</P>
</DIV5>
<DIV5 N="8" TYPE="article">
<HEAD>ART. 8. <HI>Of a Phrenzy or Inflammation of the Membranes of the Brain.</HI></HEAD>
<P>THE Inflammation of the Membranes, and &s;ome part of the &s;ub&s;tance of the Brain, was call'd by the Ancients <HI>Sphacelus;</HI> as that of the Midriff, was call'd <HI>Phrenitis,</HI> from <GAP DESC="foreign"> <HI>Diaphragma;</HI> and indeed all derivative Words end|ing in <HI>tis,</HI> &s;ignifi'd the Inflammation of the Part, who&s;e Name they're deriv'd from, as <HI>Pleuritis, Hepatitis, Nephri|tis,</HI> &amp;c. However, that we may not depart from the cu|&s;tomary manner of &s;peaking, we &s;hall treat of the Inflamma|tions of the Brain, under the name of <HI>Phrenitides,</HI> or Phren|&s;ies. Their Symptoms are a vi&s;ible beating in the Carotid Arteries, and an un&s;ufferable tearing Pain in the Head, ob|liging the &s;ick Per&s;on to throw, to&s;s, and as it were, beat his Head, and furiou&s;ly pull at the Hair. They are atten|ded by doating, and are apt to degenerat into fatal Gan|grenes, at which time Convul&s;ions, pro&s;tration of Strength, and a &s;ort of a Lethargy in&s;ue. Their Urine is pale, crude, and white; and if their Stools be al&s;o white, if the Teeth gna&s;h, the No&s;e drop, and the Per&s;on tremble, &s;hake, and pick at the Bed-Cloaths, 'tis a de&s;perate ca&s;e. Sometimes Phrenetic Per&s;ons are only mole&s;ted with frightening Dreams, and a timorous inward doating, without any noi&s;e, which is a wor&s;e Symptom than open fury, loud out-cries, and violent to&s;&s;ings of the Limbs. A Phren&s;ie is di&s;tingui&s;h'd from a &s;imple Delirium, by the unrelenting vehemence of the Feaver and Head-ache, and a difficulty of breathing. Sometimes, but very rarely, a Phren&s;ie terminates in cri|tical Sweats, Bleeding at No&s;e, Loo&s;ene&s;&s;es, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Some|times it becomes an incurable Impo&s;thume in the Brain. A true Phren&s;ie for the mo&s;t part is incurable; however its Cure is attempted by Bleeding, Vomits Cly&s;ters, and Dia|phoretics. Of which more in the Second Book.</P>
</DIV5>
<DIV5 N="9" TYPE="article">
<PB N="378" REF="190">
<HEAD>ART. 9. <HI>Of the Genuin and Spurious Inflammations of the Eyes.</HI></HEAD>
<P>A Genuin Inflammation of the Eyes is either Sanguine or Serous. The former is call'd <HI>Ophthalmia;</HI> the latter <HI>Epiphora,</HI> or <HI>Lippitudo.</HI> An <HI>Ophthalmia</HI> is an Inflammati|on of the Tunicles of the Eye, e&s;pecially the Conjunctive, which by rea&s;on of their Derivation from, and being of a piece with the Membranes of the Brains, are apt to com|municate their di&s;order to the Brain; as on the contrary, the di&s;orders of the Brain are frequently di&s;play'd in the Eyes. The External Cau&s;e is whatever provokes the Fi|bres to Contraction, and con&s;equently obliges the Blood to &s;tagnate in the &s;mall Arteries, which are very plentiful in the Coats of the Eyes; as the &s;harp <HI>effluviums</HI> of the Air, Du&s;t, &s;teams of Metals, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> The internal cau&s;e is the &s;uppre&s;&s;ion of any evacuation of Blood, or the retention of a &s;harp Acid in the Body, as after the Small Pox, or when the running of the Ears, cu&s;tomary to Children, cea&s;es. Sometimes an Inflammation proceeding from the <HI>Effluvium</HI>'s of the Air, is epidemical; and &s;ometimes catching. The Symptoms of an <HI>Ophthalmia</HI> are, the Heat, Tumor, Red|ne&s;s, Pain and watrine&s;s of the Eyes. In its highe&s;t pitch, the Eye-lids are likewi&s;e inflam'd, and unable to &s;hut, and the White of the Eye is &s;well'd up above the adjacent Sur|face, with a &s;ort of Chink betwixt 'em. If the &s;tag|nating Blood proceed from the outer Ve&s;&s;els, we ob&s;erve a Pain, Tumor, and beating in the Temples; if from the internal Membranes and Ve&s;&s;els, the Pain is more vehement, and lies deep, the Palat and No&s;trils itch, and the Per&s;on is apt to &s;nee&s;e often.</P>
<P>As for the Epiphora and blear'dne&s;s of the Eyes, the former is a de&s;tillation of a Cold or Hot Rheum from the Glandules in the corners of the Eyes; the latter from the Glandules of the Eye-lids, in conjunction with tho&s;e of the Eyes. Their Cau&s;es are,</P>
<P N="1">1. The Laxity of the Glandules, as in Old Per&s;ons, and in malignant Di&s;tempers, when the Animal Spirits are al|mo&s;t extingui&s;h'd; or when the Caruncle that &s;huts them
<PB N="379" REF="190">is Corroded or Cut. In this ca&s;e, the Eyes are apt to be red, for that the Blood Ve&s;&s;els &s;well when the Glandules are &s;o often emptied.</P>
<P N="2">2. The irritation of the Eye and its Glandules, by &s;harp <HI>effluviums</HI> from the Air, Pepper, Onions, Garlic, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> This Cau&s;e is at the &s;ame time apt to cau&s;e an <HI>Ophthalmia.</HI></P>
<P N="3">3. The &s;harpne&s;s and acidity of the Lymph, which tickles, provokes, and corrodes the Glandules. The Corro&s;ion is frequently follow'd by a roughne&s;s, and that by a thickne&s;s and intran&s;parency; and con&s;equently, a total blindne&s;s. The Remote Cau&s;es are whatever is apt to occa&s;ion Ca|tarrhs.</P>
<P>All the&s;e Inflammations, whether Sanguin or Serous&punc; are attended by a warrine&s;s or running of a Humour that is ei|ther &s;harp, &s;alti&s;h, corro&s;ive, and apt to gaul the Cheeks; or in&s;ipid, &s;limy, thick, and apt to make the Eye-lids &s;tick to|gether. The former is call'd a hot Catarrh, the latter a cold one. The various Condition of this Catarrh, pre&s;ents us with four ob&s;ervable Periods in an Inflammation. The <HI>Fir&s;t,</HI> is call'd the Beginning, <HI>viz.</HI> When the Humor is thin and plentiful. The <HI>Second,</HI> the Increa&s;e, when the Pain grows, and the Humor thickens. The <HI>Third,</HI> the Height, when the Humor is concocted, and makes the Eye-lids &s;tick toge|ther. The <HI>Fourth,</HI> The Declen&s;ion, when all the Symptoms relent. But withal, we ought to remember that this Hu|mor is &s;ometimes the Effect, and not the Cau&s;e of the Di&s;|ea&s;e, as in the ca&s;e of external irritation, for which A|&s;tringents are proper, tho' noxious in other Ca&s;es.</P>
<P>A &s;purious Inflammation is di&s;tingui&s;h'd from the <HI>Genuin,</HI> by its comparative dryne&s;s, and admits of three Degrees.</P>
<P N="1">1. When the Eyes itch, and void a &s;mall quantity of a &s;alti&s;h Rheum.</P>
<P N="2">2. When the Eyes are red, &s;wollen, heavy, and mole&s;t|ed with a gentle Pain and Itching, without any flux of Matter.</P>
<P N="3">3. When the Eye-lids are hard and rough, without itch|ing or running.</P>
<P>The Inflammations of the Eyes proceeding from the Di&s;|orders of the Membranes of the Brain, are very dangerous. If the Pain continue long, 'tis an ill &s;ign. If the Inflamma|tion be very tedious, or apt to relap&s;e, it threatens a thickne&s;s of the Membranes, or Webs, Scars, and lo&s;s of Eye-&s;ight: If it tend to &s;uppuration, it threatens a Gan|grene, which, if the Eye be not quickly extirpated, is apt
<PB N="380" REF="191">to invade the Brain, the con&s;equence of which is certain Death. A dry or &s;purious Inflammation is tedious, but not &s;o dangerous as a wet one. Sometimes critical Loo&s;ene&s;|&s;es give the &s;olution of the Di&s;temper. As for <HI>Epiphora</HI>'s, if they prove inveterat in adult Per&s;ons, they degenerat to a <HI>Fi&s;tula Lacrymalis,</HI> which is oft-times incurable.</P>
<P>As for the Cure: When the Inflammation proceeds from external Cau&s;es, a few external Medicines may give relief. But when the Cau&s;e is internal, we proceed thus. Fir&s;t of all we open a Vein in the Leg, then in the Arm, and af|tewards, but not &s;ooner, in the Forehead, if it can be done without &s;traitening the Neck. In de&s;perat ca&s;es, we open the Jugular Veins, and &s;ometimes the Temporal Artery. Bli&s;tering Plai&s;ters appli'd to the nape of the Neck, are of excellent u&s;e, as occa&s;ioning a plentiful Flux of Blood into the outer branch of the Artery of the Neck, which mu&s;t needs drain the inner-branch that vi&s;its the Eyes. They are be&s;t prepar'd of <HI>Empla&s;trum Citrinum,</HI> mix'd with the Powder of <HI>Spani&s;h</HI> Flies whout Acids and the Bli&s;ters ought to be kept long open, with the Plai&s;ter of Ceru&s;s, mix'd with a &s;mall quantity of the Powder of <HI>Spani&s;h</HI> Flies. In Hydropical Per|&s;ons, or &s;uch who&s;e Skin does not ea&s;ily heal, Bli&s;tering Plai&s;ters may be omitted. In difficult Ca&s;es, we order I&s;|&s;ues in the Arm or Leg of the &s;ame &s;ide with the inflam'd Eye, and a Setum in the Neck: In&s;tead of a Setum, &s;ome chu&s;e to make a &s;ort of I&s;&s;ue in the Ear, thus; Take the Root of Hellebor, or Mezereon, dry it, and &s;lice it into little round pieces, which macerat in the &s;olution of Nitre in Water, or the Lye of the A&s;hes of Vine-twigs. Then bore a Hole in the Ear, and promote its &s;uppuration for three Days with a thread cover'd with Butter, and then put in one of the&s;e pieces thus prepar'd, renewing 'em every day. Internally, we exhibit Jalap for a Purge, and the Decocti|ons of China-Roots, Sa&s;&s;afras, Sar&s;aparilla and Juniper-Wood, to which we add the Cephalic Dryers, &s;uch as Fen|nel, Eye-bright, Valerian, Betony, Ro&s;emary, and their E&s;&s;ences. If the Inflammation proceed from Mineral Fumes, we give Mineral Preparations inwardly. In external Ap|plications, we ought to avoid <HI>Opium,</HI> and Milk, tho' com|monly us<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">d. The former &s;huts the Pores, and promotes a Gangrene; the latter is al&s;o charg'd with the &s;ame Crime, and be&s;ides, is apt to Curdle and become Acid, and by con&s;equence mu&s;t needs be prejudicial to the Eyes. In the beginning of
<PB N="381" REF="191">the Di&s;temper, while the heat, pain, redne&s;s, and &s;harpne&s;s of the Rheum prevail, ab&s;orbent Powders are proper, &s;uch as Tutty, Ceru&s;s, Chalk, Flowers of Tin, Crabs-Eyes, Ca|laminar-&s;tone, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> In general, the Water of Frogs-&s;pawn, the Water di&s;till'd from bruis'd River-Crabs, when they be|gin to putrifie, and di&s;till'd again with the Juice of Celan|din; the Oyl or Liquor <HI>per deliquium</HI> of Blew-bottle or Succory flowers, they being gather'd in the Morning when wet with the Dew, and put into a thick Gla&s;s, encompa&s;s'd with a thick Cru&s;t of Dough, and &s;o baked in an Oven 'till they melt into Liquor; the Phlegm of the Spirit of Vitriol, the Oyl of Sugar <HI>per Deliquium,</HI> or Sugar it &s;elf ground in a new Tin Platter 'till it become livid; the Sugar of Lead, Camphyr; the mucilages of Flea-wort and Quince-&s;eeds, extracted with Celandin Water; the Phlegm of Allum, Whites of Eggs, the &s;train'd Decoction of the Litharge of Gold in Vinegar, the Infu&s;ion of <HI>Crocus Metallorum</HI> or the Gla&s;s of Antimony; and in the height of the Di&s;temper Col|lyriums prepar'd with white Vitriol, are all approv'd Me|dicines. If the Inflammation proceed from external Cau|&s;es, the above mention'd Mucilages, or a piece of raw Beef or Veal applied to the Eye, will fini&s;h the Cure. If the Rheum be very &s;harp and corro&s;ive, we in&s;i&s;t much upon fix'd ab&s;orbent Powders; if it be thick and &s;limy, diluting Me|dicines and gentle A&s;tringents are convenient: The&s;e In|gredients are pre&s;crib'd in various Forms. As,</P>
<P>Take of the mucilages of the Seeds of Quinces, Clary, and Fenugrec, extracted with Celandin Water, of each half an ounce; Sugar of Lead, twelve grains. With Fennel or Eye-bright-water, make a Collyrium.</P>
<P>Take of Plantan and Eye-bright-water, of each an ounce; prepar'd Tutty, half a Scruple; Camphyr, five grains; Saf|fron, two grains. Make a Collyrium, to be us'd after the Small-Pox.</P>
<P>Take of Tormentil or Plantan-Water, of each an ounce; mix 'em with the White of an Egg, and ten grains of Al|lum. And apply it warm to the Eyes.</P>
<P>Take of the Gla&s;s of Antimony in Powder, from ten to fifteen grains; infu&s;e 'em in three ounces of the Water of Frogs Spawn. Let 'em &s;tand all Night in a hot place. Strain the Liquor in the Morning, and add to it ten grains of the Sugar of Lead in fine Powder, and &s;ix grains of Camphyr.</P>
<PB N="382" REF="192">
<P>Take an Egg, boil it hard, and take out the Yelk, put|ting into its place &s;ix grains of the Sugar of Lead, eight grains of white Vitriol, two grains of Camphyr, and half an ounce of the Hony of Ro&s;es. When they're melted, &s;queeze out the Liquor and drop it into the Eye, e&s;pecially when the Rheum is &s;limy, and apt to make the Eye-lids &s;tick togethet.</P>
<P>Take of Ro&s;e-water, and Plantan-water, of each two ounces; Night-&s;hade-water, an ounce; white Vitriol, a &s;cruple; di&s;&s;olve and &s;train, then add a &s;cruple of prepar'd Tutty. Make a Collyrium; in which dip a Clout, and apply it warm to the Eyes, about the height of the Di&s;tem|per.</P>
<P>Take of the Ointment Diapompholigos, and that of Tut|ty, of each two drams; prepar'd Pearl, Coral, Crabbs-Eyes, Tutty, and Sugar of Lead, of each a Scruple; Camphyr, twelve grains; Leaves of Gold and Silver, of each four. Make an Ointment. With which, anoint the lower part of the Eye-lids, and put about the bigne&s;s of a Lentil into the corner of the Eye.</P>
<P>Take of &s;weet Apples roa&s;ted, three in number; boil them in Eye-bright-water 'till they be &s;oft; beat their Pulp thro' a &s;ieve, and add of prepar'd Tutty, two Drams; Camphyr, ten grains; Saffron, four grains. Make a Catapla&s;m for allaying the Pain and Heat.</P>
<P>Take of fre&s;h Butter, half an ounce; Sugar of Lead, pre|par'd Tutty, and Calaminar &s;tone, of each a &s;cruple; Cam|phyr, a grain. Make a Liniment for anointing the Eye-lids in a dry Inflammation.</P>
<P>A &s;erous Inflammation is cur'd by extracting the external Objects that di&s;turb the Eye, or correcting the Acrimony of the Lymph, or &s;trengthening the Glandules. For the fir&s;t purpo&s;e, we apply to the Eye, a Crabs Eye making its hollow part to touch the apple of the Eye, or a Seed of Clary; or we make u&s;e of In&s;truments, &s;uch as <HI>Hildanus</HI> recommends. The Second Indication is accounted for in the Chapter of <HI>Catarrhs.</HI> The Third is compa&s;s'd by moderat A&s;tringents, outwardly ap|plied; &s;uch as the Decoction of the Rinds of Pomgranats, with Chamomil-Flowers, e&s;pecially after the Small Pox; the infu&s;ion of Tormentil Roots, and Allum, in Plantan and Ro&s;e-water; or of Tutty in Fennel-water; the Powder of Citron Myrobalans infus'd three or four times in Ro&s;e-water, and dry'd a-fre&s;h every time; the Liquor that flows from a Willow cut in the Spring; the Decoction of dry'd Rue
<PB N="383" REF="192">in Vinegar and Hony; or that of Cows-bones and the Chaff of Wheat, recommended by &s;ome as a valuable <HI>Arcanum;</HI> a mixture of the White of an Egg, Ro&s;e-water, and Sugar beaten in a Tin Plate; the Decoction of Quince-Leaves; the Infu&s;ion of the Powder of Calaminar-&s;tone (upon which the Spirit of Wine has been Kindled) in White Wine, or Ro&s;e-water; or that of the Powders of Tutty, Sarrocol, Roman Vitriol and Sumac, in Eye-bright and Fennel-waters. The u&s;e of &s;neezing Powders is much dreaded by &s;ome, but the Ve&s;&s;els leading from either Eye to the No&s;trils, di&s;|cover'd by <HI>Steno,</HI> and the Experiment of <HI>Collyrium</HI>'s reaching the Mouth, &s;eems to ju&s;tifie it. However, &s;ince &s;o many tragical Evils have been ob&s;erv'd to follow 'em, we ought to be very cautious, and never pre&s;cribe any but what are very gentle, and that in the declen&s;ion of the Di&s;tem|per, or when the Inflammation cea&s;es.</P>
</DIV5>
<DIV5 N="10" TYPE="article">
<HEAD>ART. 10. <HI>Of Inflammations and &V;lcers in the Ears.</HI></HEAD>
<P>THE internal Membran of the Ears is &s;ometimes in|flam'd, either by Internal or External Cau&s;es. Its Symp|toms are a beating, heat, and Pain; &s;ometimes a redne&s;s of the external Ear, Temples, and Cheeks, e&s;pecially when the Inflammation bends outwards; and &s;ometimes a Feaver, Doating, and Convul&s;ions when it bends inwards.</P>
<P>In Children 'tis more dangerous than in Old Per&s;ons. When it &s;uppurats, 'tis lea&s;t dangerous, and &s;ometimes in|fers a critical &s;olution of Head-aches: But if the purulent Matter be Corro&s;ive, it may gnaw the Membrane, and cau&s;e Deafne&s;s. 'Tis Cur'd by Sudorifics and Bleeding, or applying Leeches, or &s;carrifying behind the Ears. Ex|ternal Remedies ought to be very cautiou&s;ly us'd. At fir&s;t, we mu&s;t endeavour to di&s;cu&s;s it by dropping into the Ear the Bal&s;am of Sulphur, or Oyl of Chamomil in whic<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> Earth-Worms or River-Crabs have been boild; or the Oyl of the Yelks of Eggs, with the Juice of Hou&s;e-leek; and fomenting the Ear with the Decoctions of emollient and di&s;cu&s;&s;ing Ingredients; or applying to it the Spirit of Wine, or Spirit of <HI>Sal-Armoniac,</HI> with hot Bread. If it be not quickly di&s;cu&s;s'd, we mu&s;t promote its &s;uppuration by ap|plying
<PB N="384" REF="193">a Catapla&s;m of the Crumbs of Bread boiled in Goats Milk, mix'd with the Yelks of Eggs, Oyl of Ro&s;es, and Saffron; or of roa&s;ted Onyons, Butter, Oyl of Cha|momil, Oyl of Sweet-Almonds, and Saffron.</P>
<P>The Ulcers of the Ears are either the effect of a prece|ding Inflammation, or of a corro&s;ive &s;harp Humour; &s;ometimes we meet with a Flux of corrupt bloody Matter, that re&s;embles that of Ulcers in the Ears, tho' in the mean while there be none, in which ca&s;e we only wa&s;h the Ear clean with Man's Urine, but are cautious of &s;top|ping it, e&s;pecially in moi&s;t Con&s;titutions, or tho&s;e who are liable to di&s;orders of the Brain, or Eruptions in the Head.</P>
<P>The real Ulcers of the Ears are Cur'd internally by Purgatives and Sudorifics, e&s;pecially the Decoctions of Woods. Externally they are cleans'd by dropping into 'em Child's Urine with White-Wine and Hony; or applying a Tent dipt into it. If the Ulcer be inveterat, we add the Oint|ment <HI>Aegyptiacum;</HI> the Juice of Wormwood, Hore-hound, or Onyons mix'd with Hony, are al&s;o recommended for the &s;ame u&s;e. When the Ulcer is cleans'd, and the flux of Matter abates, we add Tutty and Pompholyx, for con&s;o|lidating.</P>
</DIV5>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 N="2" TYPE="chapter">
<HEAD>CHAP. II. <HI>Of the Effu&s;ion of Blood into the Cavities of the Body, and particularly of an</HI> Empyema.</HEAD>
<P>WHEN the Blood &s;tagnates in its own Ve&s;&s;els, and is converted into Purulent Matter, it cau&s;es a <HI>Vo|mica</HI> or Impo&s;thume in &s;everal Parts of the Body, which we di&s;patch'd in the la&s;t Chapter. But when this pu|rulent Matter is collected in a di&s;tinct Cavity 'tis call'd an <HI>Empyema,</HI> which is the &s;ubject of this Chapter: 'Tis true, the Ancient <HI>Grecians</HI> meant by <HI>Empyema,</HI> any Collection of purulent Matter in any part. But &s;ince the Modern Latin Writers have Chri&s;ten'd it otherwi&s;e, we choo&s;e to follow their Examples. The immediat Cau&s;e of an <HI>Empyema,</HI> is
<PB N="385" REF="193">either the direct effu&s;ion of Blood into the Cavity it &s;elf, which &s;tagnats, curdles, and by fermenting becomes <HI>Pus;</HI> as when the Brea&s;t is wounded; or the eruption of pu|rulent Matter from its own Impo&s;thume into a forreign Cavity, as when a Pleuritical Impo&s;thume breaks, it oft|times throws its Matter into the Cavity of the Brea&s;t, and gives ri&s;e to what we call, <GAP DESC="foreign">, an <HI>Empyema:</HI> Tho' &s;ometimes the Pleuritical Matter is contain'd within a Pur&s;e of the dilated <HI>Pleura,</HI> while 'tis erroneou&s;ly referr'd to the Cavity of the Brea&s;t. The remote Cau&s;es are Brui&s;es, Falls, Wounds, or whatever breaks the Ve&s;&s;els, and occa&s;ions the extrava&s;ation of Blood.</P>
<P>The Symptoms di&s;covering the extrava&s;ation of clotted Blood relate either to the Belly, Brea&s;t, or Head. Tho&s;e for the Belly, are a Tumor, Palene&s;s, Lead colour, and hardne&s;s of the Abdomen, occa&s;ion'd by the Convul&s;ions of the <HI>Peritonaeum,</HI> as being provok'd by the clotted Blood; and &s;ometimes &s;woonings, Pro&s;tration of &s;trength, difficulty of Breathing, and Critical Impo&s;thumes about the Groin.</P>
<P N="2">2. Tho&s;e for the Brea&s;t are a notable difficulty of Breath|ing, a trouble&s;ome Cough, a Pain and &s;en&s;e of weight about the &s;hort Ribs, an acute Feaver, and the coldne&s;s of the ex|ternal Parts.</P>
<P N="3">3. Tho&s;e which di&s;cover a Collection of clotted Blood in the Head, are a violent beating and pain in the Head; an involuntary Watryne&s;s of the Eyes, redne&s;s of the Face, di&s;orders of the Stomac, and critical Bleedings, at Mouth, No&s;e or Ears. In all the&s;e Ca&s;es &s;hivering and the increa&s;e of the Feaver are &s;igns of Suppuration. After the matter is con|cocted it begins to float, and the feaveri&s;h Symptoms relent.</P>
<P>Of the <HI>Empyema</HI>'s that proceed from the efflux of Puru|lent Matter, from &s;ome Impo&s;thume into the Cavity, tho&s;e which follow the &s;uppuration of a Pleurifie or <HI>Peripneumonia</HI> are mo&s;t remarkable; and upon that account we &s;hall con|tent our &s;elves with an account of their Symptoms, which may &s;erve as a Pattern for all others.</P>
<P>The Impo&s;thume generally breaks about the twentieth, thirtieth, or fortieth Day; being attended by a &s;hivering, high Feaver, a perpetual Cough with a hollow &s;ound, and a &s;en&s;e of rebounding Matter, as being to&s;s'd by the con|vul&s;ions of the provok'd Midriff; and a difficulty of Breathing, with an oppre&s;&s;ing heavine&s;s in the Brea&s;t when they Stand or Sit, of which they are freed when they lye on their Backs. When they &s;toop they're in danger of Suffocati|on,
<PB N="386" REF="194">by rea&s;on of the weight incumbent upon the Midriff. The Feaver which at fir&s;t was acute becomes &s;low, hectic, and liable to nocturnal Exa&s;perations. They are &s;ubject to frequent Palpitations of the Heart, Anxieties of the Brea&s;t, nocturnal melting Sweats and Flu&s;hings in the Face, e&s;pe|cially the Cheek of the &s;ame &s;ide with the part affected. When the di&s;temper is far advanc'd, a rotten a&s;hy ta&s;te in|vades the Mouth. The Pul&s;e in the Wri&s;t of the &s;ame &s;ide intermits while that in the other ob&s;erves its regular Periods. A &s;oft Tumor frequently be&s;ets the Ribs, which perhaps proceeds from the tran&s;piration of the thinner part of the Matter, and the Patient finds mo&s;t ea&s;e by lying on the &s;ame &s;ide.</P>
<P>As for the Progno&s;tic of <HI>Empyema</HI>'s; tho&s;e of the Brain attended by Vomiting are Mortal; nay oft-times the Patient dies before the clotted Blood come to a Head. Tho&s;e of the Abdomen are frequently di&s;charg'd by Impo&s;thumes in the Groyn. Tho&s;e of the Brea&s;t, if they be not cur'd betimes, are apt to cau&s;e Phthi&s;ics and Con&s;umptions. If white &s;mooth Purulent Matter be voided by Stool or Urine, or copiou&s;ly expectorated in an <HI>Empyema</HI> of the Brea&s;t; and if the Thir&s;t, Inappetency, Feaver, and difficulty of Breathing relent, 'tis a good Omen: But the rever&s;e of the&s;e Circum|&s;tances is fatal.</P>
<P>The Cure con&s;i&s;ts in di&s;&s;olving and evacuating the clot|ted Blood, or promoting its &s;uppuration, evacuating the <HI>Pus</HI> and re&s;toring the injur'd part to its due &s;trength. As for the evacuating Indication, the efforts of Nature mu&s;t be our Directory; as, if it incline to void the Matter by Urine, Sweat or Stool, it mu&s;t be accordingly a&s;&s;i&s;ted. If the clot|ted Blood be lodg'd in the Abdomen, we give it Vent by a <HI>Paracente&s;is;</HI> if in the Brea&s;t, by opening the interval between the fifth and &s;ixth Ribs (reckoning downwards;) if in the Brain, by a Trepanation. All the&s;e Operations are both proper and &s;afe, if they be perform'd betimes, and not put off till the Patient's &s;trength be exhau&s;ted, or the Matter be alter'd, and render'd unfit for evacuation. If it come by a prick, we inlarge the Orifice of the Wound. If the Per|&s;on be Plethoric, and the Blood be apt to boyl high, or if the Evil was occa&s;ion'd by a Fall or Brui&s;e, Bleeding will be requi&s;it, e&s;pecially that for Revul&s;ion, according to the Circum&s;tances of the part.</P>
<PB N="387" REF="194">
<P>As for internal Medicines. The fir&s;t in order are tho&s;e which di&s;&s;olve and di&s;engage clotty Blood. Such are the Decoction of Madder in Wine; the Tincture of the le&s;&s;er Da&s;ies, the Decoction of the Roots, Leaves, and Flowers of Arnic in Ale, the Juice of the Herb Robert, <HI>Sperma Ceti</HI> given to a dram; Ca&s;tor, the Blood of Goats given to a dram; Sparrow's Dung di&s;&s;olv'd in Vinegar, Man's fat melted given to half an ounce; the Herbs, Savin, Ground Ivy, Hy&s;&s;op, Chervil, Wormwood, St. <HI>John</HI>'s-wort, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> The Roots of Angelica, Swallow-wort, Birth-wort, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> The Seeds of <HI>Carduus Benedictus,</HI> Chervil, and St. <HI>John</HI>'s-wort; the vulnerary Tinctures, Bezoar Stone, Diapho|retic Antimony, and in a word all ab&s;orbent Powders, e&s;pe|cially Crabs di&s;&s;olv'd in Vinegar. The&s;e Ingredients ought always to be mix'd with evacuating Medicines, that &s;o the Blood when di&s;&s;olv'd may be readily voided. Thus if it be lodg'd in the Abdomen, or if nature incline to void it by Stool, we add Rhubarb and Laxatives; if in the Brea&s;t, we add Diuretics and Diaphoretics according to Nature's Motions. In general Diuretics are the mo&s;t proper. The forms of Receipts are as follow.</P>
<P>Take of the Decoction of Ground Ivy, a pound; while 'tis yet warm infu&s;e in it over Night Rhubarb, one ounce; pick'd Senna Leaves, half an ounce; Salt of Tartar, half a dram. In the Morning &s;train the Liquor, and add of the Powder of Crabs Eyes, a dram and a half; the Powder again&s;t Falls (pre&s;crib'd in the <HI>Ausberg</HI> Di&s;pen&s;atory) a dram. Sweeten it with the Syrup of Ground Ivy; and exhi|bit a Draught now and then.</P>
<P>Take of the Powder of Crabs Eyes, <HI>Sperma Ceti,</HI> and Blood of Goats, of each half a dram. Mix for two Do&s;es to be taken in Vinegar. Note, Vinegar renders the Crabs Eyes very Diuretic.</P>
<P>Take of Chervil Water, three ounces; Vinegar of Wine, an ounce; prepar'd Crabs Eyes, a dram; Diaphoretic An|timony, a &s;cruple; Syrup of Ground Ivy, &s;ix drams; Mix for two Do&s;es. If the Head be bruis'd, or Convul&s;ions be fear'd, add half a dram of the Cinnabar of Antimony&punc; Myrrh, <HI>Laudanum Opiatum,</HI> Spirit of <HI>Sal-Armoniac,</HI> &s;pirit of Trea|cle Camphoris'd, Poppy-flower-water, volatil Salt of Am|ber, E&s;&s;ence of St. <HI>John</HI>'s-wort, and the vulnerary E&s;&s;ences may be added by turns.</P>
<PB N="388" REF="195">
<P>Having di&s;patch'd the Cure of clotty Blood, which for the mo&s;t part degenerats into <HI>Empyema</HI>'s, we proceed to that of an <HI>Empyema</HI> it &s;elf, which con&s;i&s;ts in evacuating the Purulent Matter, qualifying its &s;harpne&s;s, and &s;trengthening the Part. The means for evacuation are either Natural or Artificial; the latter are mention'd above. The former are either Urine, Sweat, Stool or Spitting. <HI>Empyema</HI>'s of the Brea&s;t, (which may &s;erve for a Pattern for all others, as to the Cure) for the mo&s;t part empty them&s;elves, by Spitting and Urine, tho' the Pa&s;&s;ages, thro' which the Matter reaches either the Mouth or the Reins, are yet undi&s;cover'd. How|ever 'tis a Phy&s;ician's part, when he de&s;cry's Purulent Urine, to exhibit Diuretics; and when the Matter moves upwards, and provokes Coughing, to admini&s;ter expectorating Medi|cines, or rather a Vomit, which is of wonderful Efficacy; &s;uppo&s;ing &s;till that there be no danger of a Spitting of Blood, for in that ca&s;e it ought to be omitted, and &s;hifted for expe|ctorating Medicines, temper'd according as the Matter is &s;harp or thick. As for the &s;harpne&s;s of the Matter, 'tis ad|mirably accounted for by exhibiting the Flowers and Bal|&s;am of Sulphur, Bal&s;am of <HI>Peru,</HI> Myrrh, and fix'd Anti|monial Sulphurs, &s;uch as Diaphoretic Antimony, <HI>Poterius</HI>'s Antihectic, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> The injuries done to the &s;olid parts by the purulent Matter, are repair'd by Goats Milk, and by the De|coctions of Woods, Scabious, Chervil, and e&s;pecially Ground Ivy. But Vulnerary or Balmy Medicines are not to be exhi|bited without &s;uch as evacuate one way or another, nor with|out a particular regard to the Feaver that accompanies this Di&s;temper. As for Example,</P>
<P>Take of Hy&s;&s;op and Scabious Water, of each an ounce and a half; the Flowers of Sulphur, half a dram; Diaphoretic Antimony, a &s;cruple; Jovial Bezoar, half a &s;cruple; Syrup of Tobacco, an ounce. Make a Potion for two Do&s;es. To which, if the Feaver be high, add a few Drops of the dulcify'd &s;pirit of Nitre.</P>
<P>Take of the Water of red Poppies, three ounces; Vine|gar of Wine, &s;ix drams; prepar'd Crabs Eyes, a dram; Diaphoretic Antimony, half a dram; Syrup of red Pop|py Flowers, &s;ix drams. Make a Potion to be given by Spoonfuls.</P>
<P>Take of the Juice of Ground Ivy, four ounces: the Juice of Hore-hound, two ounces. With Sugar make a Syrup, to which add of Frankincen&s;e and choice Myrrh, of each a dram. Mix. <HI>&amp;c.</HI> The Decoction of China Roots, mix'd
<PB N="389" REF="195">with Diaphoretic Antimony; or that of Guajacum, with the Juice of Ground-Ivy; or that of Ox-bones, with the Gelly of Hartshorn, are al&s;o very proper. The hot Bal&s;ams may be mix'd with Sugar of Lead when, heat prevails.</P>
<P>Take of the Shavings of Gujacum, an ounce; Sa&s;&s;afras, half an Ounce; boil them in &s;even Pound of Common Water, 'till a Pound and a half be con&s;um'd. Then add Ground-Ivy, Flowers of St. <HI>John</HI>'s-wort, and the Herb Speed|well, of each two handfuls; Liquorice-Roots, half an ounce; Fennel-&s;eed, &s;ix drams; Corants bruis'd, three Ounces. Boil all 'till a Pound and a half more be con&s;um'd. Strain the Decoction, and exhibit a Draught thrice a Day.</P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 N="3" TYPE="chapter">
<HEAD>CHAP. III. <HI>Of Bleeding, or the Bur&s;ting of the Blood Ve&s;&s;els.</HI></HEAD>
<P>THE &s;tagnation of the Blood in its own Ve&s;&s;els, and its extrava&s;ation in the Cavities of the Body, being alrea|dy di&s;patch'd; it remains now to account for its effu&s;ion out of the Body. The cau&s;es of which are, either</P>
<P N="1">1. An <HI>Ana&s;tomo&s;is,</HI> or &s;pontaneous di&s;-joining of the Capil|lary Ve&s;&s;els, and e&s;pecially of the Arteries, who&s;e Blood in all natural bleedings runs by drops, as depending upon the &s;ucce&s;&s;ive Pul&s;ation of the Artery; whereas that of the Veins (which, for the mo&s;t part, never bur&s;t without a violent cau&s;e) runs with a con&s;tant and united Stream.</P>
<P N="2">2. A <HI>Diaere&s;is,</HI> or Breaches violently made in the Ve&s;&s;els, by external cutting, pricking, or brui&s;ing In&s;truments, by Cough|ing, Nee&s;ing, Vomiting, or Crying by exce&s;&s;ive Joy, Grief, and vehement Pa&s;&s;ions of the Mind, e&s;pecially in the flux of the Terms; by the A&s;&s;umption or In&s;piration of &s;harp corro&s;ive things; Such as Hellebor, violent Purgatives, Suppo&s;i|tories,
<PB N="390" REF="196"><HI>&amp;c.</HI> and la&s;tly, by &s;harp corro&s;ive Humors incorporated with the Blood, which both fret the Blood, and gnaw its Ve&s;&s;els, e&s;pecially in &s;corbutical Con&s;titutions; the Fibres of who&s;e Ve&s;&s;els are lank and weak. Some Authors a&s;&s;ign yet a third Cau&s;e of Bleeding, <HI>viz.</HI> A <GAP DESC="foreign">, or the <HI>Tran&s;udation</HI> of the Blood thro' its Ve&s;&s;els; but 'tis not ac|countable, that any Liquor &s;o thick as Blood &s;hould &s;weat through the &s;trong touch Coats of the Ve&s;&s;els, e&s;pecially tho&s;e of the Arteries, without a breach or <HI>Ana&s;tomo&s;is.</HI> 'Tis true, the thin Serum may glide thro' &s;ometimes; but the Con&s;i&s;tence of the Blood robs it of that Privi|ledge.</P>
<P>The remote Cau&s;es of an <HI>Ana&s;tomo&s;is,</HI> are</P>
<P N="1">1. A true Plethora or redundancy of Blood, as in the &s;up|pre&s;&s;ion of the Terms, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P N="2">2. An apparent Plethora, or the Ebullition of the Blood, obliging it to di&s;tend its Ve&s;&s;els, as in Feavers, and the Small Pox, or when Per&s;ons drink much Generous Wine, or eat Aromatic Food, or imploy them&s;elves in any extraordina|ry exerci&s;e of the Body. This ebullition is mo&s;t apt to cau&s;e a bur&s;ting of the Ve&s;&s;els in fat Per&s;ons, by rea&s;on that their Ve&s;&s;els are &s;traiten'd by the incumbent Fat.</P>
<P N="3">3. The thinne&s;s and &s;ero&s;ity of the Blood; which at once unbends the Fibres, and qualifies the Blood for making a Pa&s;&s;age thro' 'em. In this ca&s;e the Blood, when it runs out, appears thin and pale, whereas in other ca&s;es 'tis brisk and florid. This &s;ero&s;ity of the Blood was by the Ancients charged to the Liver, as being tardy in its Office of &s;anguifi|cation; but as our later Anatomi&s;ts have ju&s;tly imploy'd the Liver for other u&s;es, &s;o the imperfect Dige&s;tion in the Sto|mac, and fermentation of the Chyle in the <HI>Duodenum,</HI> will naturally account for the want of con&s;i&s;tence in the Blood.</P>
<P N="4">4. The Convul&s;ive Contractions of the Coats of the Ve&s;&s;els, e&s;pecially the Arteries, which by &s;traitening one Branch, oc|ca&s;ion the extraordinary di&s;tention of the next. Thus &s;ple|netic Per&s;ons are liable to vomiting of Blood, becau&s;e the Artery in the Spleen denies a free admi&s;&s;ion to the Blood; and the ob&s;truction of the Blood in the Head is frequently remov'd by bleeding at No&s;e.</P>
<P N="5">5. The Convul&s;ive Contraction of the Parts, incompa&s;|&s;ing the Blood-Ve&s;&s;els, which are apt to &s;traiten the Ve&s;&s;els, e&s;pecially the <HI>Veins,</HI> that are lea&s;t able to re&s;i&s;t their force.</P>
<P>Critical and cu&s;tomary effu&s;ions of Blood, or &s;uch as fol|low the &s;uppre&s;&s;ion of a wonted Evacution, are not to be
<PB N="391" REF="196">&s;topp'd, without they exceed mea&s;ure. When a Bleeding is attended by a &s;en&s;ible pul&s;ation of &s;ome adjacent Artery, 'tis a &s;ign that it proceeds from the Compre&s;&s;ion or Contraction of that Artery. Bleedings at No&s;e are u&s;her'd in by a giddi|ne&s;s, redne&s;s of the Eyes, involuntary Tears, tingling of the Ears, itching of the No&s;e, a hard Pul&s;e, a violent Pain, and &s;en&s;ible pul&s;ation of the Arteries in the Head and Neck. A flux of Blood from the Wind-pipe is introduc'd by a Cough, and difficult Re&s;piration. That from the Womb, by the di&s;tention, weight, and heat of the Abdomen and Loins, happening about the men&s;trual period; and that from the Haemorrhoid Veins, by a Pul&s;ation in the Hypocondria, Back, and Loins, and a Tumor and Pain in the Veins, with a <HI>Tene&s;|mus.</HI></P>
<P>As for the Progno&s;tic, a <HI>Diaere&s;is</HI> is wor&s;e than an <HI>Ana&s;to|mo&s;is;</HI> and Bleedings from external Cau&s;es, are more favour|able than tho&s;e from internal. In Melancholic and Phleg|matic Con&s;titutions, e&s;pecially when the Bleeding renders the Face Limon-colour'd, or is follow'd by Convul&s;ions and Swoonings, it progno&s;ticates Drop&s;ies, Con&s;umptions, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P>As for Cure, The various cau&s;es mu&s;t be remov'd by proper Medicines; a <HI>Plethora</HI> by Bleeding, Scarifying, and a thin Diet: The Ebullition of the Blood by &s;uch Me|dicines as temper a volatil Acid, as Vinegar, Spirit of Vi|triol, Nitre di&s;&s;olv'd in Water; the Tincture of the Flow|ers of Da&s;ies, the Sugar of Lead, the Antiphthi&s;ical Tin|cture, Coral, &s;eal'd Earth, Pur&s;lain, Plaintain, Opium, Camphyr, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> The &s;ero&s;ity of the Blood by thickening In|gredients, and &s;uch as evacuate Serum, either by Stool, U|rine, or Sweat. The Convul&s;ive Contractions of the Blood-Ve&s;&s;els by Chalybeats. The &s;harpne&s;s of Blood, by tempe|rat Medicines, &s;uch as Milk, Rai&s;ins, Steel, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> The Cor|ro&s;ion of the Ve&s;&s;els, by vulnerary A&s;tringents: The Laxity of the Parts, by corroborating things, &s;uch as A&s;s-Dung, the Ankle of a Hogg; <HI>Crollius</HI> his Powder <HI>Sperniola;</HI> Opi|um, Steel, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> However, we ought to ob&s;erve,</P>
<P N="1">1. That Bloodletting is only proper, when the Blood a|bounds or boils too high, and 'tis better to bleed often, for <HI>Revul&s;ion, Derivation,</HI> and <HI>Aver&s;ion,</HI> than to draw forth much at once. Sometimes Ligatures and Cupping-Gla&s;&s;es applied at a convenient di&s;tance from the Part, are not ami&s;s.</P>
<P N="2">2. That Purgatives are only proper when the Blood is too &s;erous; and in that ca&s;e, e&s;pecially if it be accompanyed by a Feaver, Diaphoretics mix'd with Opiats are of good
<PB N="392" REF="197">u&s;e; as being apt to thicken the Blood after the Swelling is over, tho' in the time of &s;wearing they rather attenuate and di&s;&s;olve it.</P>
<P N="3">3. Opiats are good in all Ca&s;es.</P>
<P>From the&s;e Premi&s;es we infer, that the internal Medicines that are proper again&s;t Bleeding, are the vulnerary A&s;trin|gents, ab&s;orbent Powders (e&s;pecially Steel, which is both A&s;tringent and Anti-acid to a notable Degree.) Diureticks and Purgatives in &s;erous Ca&s;es, and temperat Ingredients, e&s;pecially Rai&s;ins, and Milk, for mitigating the &s;harp Humours. The Medicines which jointly an&s;wer the&s;e ends, are either of the Vegetable, Mineral, or Animal Families. Tho&s;e of the Vegetable Province are Plantan, Pur&s;lain, the Syrups of Comfrey, Ground-Ivy, and Myrtle-berries; the Syrup made of the Juice of the Root of Ba&s;tard Acorus with Sugar; The fre&s;h Juice of the common &s;tinging Nettle, given to two or three Ounces; the Mo&s;s of Man's Skull given to a &s;cruple, or half a dram, in the Water of Shepherds Pur&s;e, with the Sy|rup of Coral; Ma&s;tic, Sarcocol, Amber, Frankincen&s;e, Rai|&s;ins, Camphyr, Opium, and Rhubarb, which not only e|vacuats the Serum, but corrects the cra&s;is of the Blood. Dragon's Blood, if it be Genuin, is very proper; but &s;ince 'tis generally adulterated with &s;ome noxious &s;tuff, we ought to avoid it.</P>
<P>The Mineral Province pre&s;ents us with Coral, Bole Ar|menic, Nitre, Spirit of Vitriol, Sugar of Lead, the Powder of Blood-&s;tone mix'd with Vinegar, or the Juice of Pomgra|nats, the Vitriol of Steel mix'd with Sugar of Lead, <HI>Hart|man</HI>'s A&s;tringent Extract of Steel, given to nine Grains; the Spaw-waters, or in want of them, the &s;olar Liquor of &s;teel; and above all, the Tincture of the Sulphur of Vitriol pre|par'd thus;</P>
<P>Take of the Native Genuin Vitriol of Steel that's void of all Copper, and di&s;&s;olve it in Water, (if the Vitriol be not genuin, put the filings of Steel into the Water, and 'twill pre|cipitat the Copper; and then the &s;train'd Liquor being thick|en'd, will yield the genuin Vitriol of Steel) when the Vitri|ol is di&s;&s;olv'd in Water, pour into it the Oyl of Tartar <HI>per Deliquium,</HI> or the Lie of the Salt of Tartar, and 'twill pre|cipitat an A&s;tringent Crocus of Steel, which ought to be fre|quently dulcifi'd with Water, and dry'd; then di&s;&s;olv'd in the Spirit of Nitre, and after the Spirit of Nitre is drawn off, the <HI>Caput Mortuum</HI> dige&s;ted with rectin'd Spirit of Wine gives the Tincture, which is of admirable u&s;e again&s;t all
<PB N="393" REF="197">Bleedings. Its Do&s;e is thirty or forty Drops in a conve|nient Vehicle.</P>
<P>The Animal Province affords us burnt Hartshorn, Uni|corn's-Horn, the Powder of green Frogs, the Water of Frogs &s;pawn, <HI>Crollius</HI>'s <HI>Sperniola,</HI> given to fifteen Grains, the Juice of A&s;&s;es and Hog's Dung, mix'd with the Juice of Nettles, or with Sugar in the form of a Syrrup, or their Powders, with the Powder of the Dung of a Dog that's wont to gnaw Bones; and the Powder of the Blood that comes forth in Bleeding, it being dry'd and given to a Dram in &s;ome proper Vehicle. The Forms of Recipe's are as follows.</P>
<P>Take of the Extract of Flowers (<HI>viz.</HI> of Red Ro&s;es, Red Poppies, and Da&s;ies infus'd in Water, in order to be &s;train'd or thicken'd for an Extract) three drams; Ivory and Sea-Hor&s;e-Teeth, of each half a dram; prepar'd red Coral, a dram; prepar'd Blood-&s;tone, two &s;cruples; with the Syrup of Red Poppies, make an Electuary for allaying the Hea<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> and Turge&s;cence of the Blood.</P>
<P>Take of the Pulp of Rai&s;ins, three ounces; choice Rhu|barb, and prepar'd Red Coral, of each a dram and a half; Ivory prepar'd without Fire, a dram; Sea-Hor&s;e-Teeth, half a Dram; Extract of Steel prepar'd with the Juice of Apples, three Drams. With the Syrup of Red Ro&s;es make an Electuary. Of which, take the quantity of a Nutmeg Morning and Evening, for correcting the &s;ero&s;ity of the Blood.</P>
<P>Take of Plantan Water, three Ounces; Cinnamon-wa|ter, three Drams; Vinegar of Wine, half an Ounce; A|&s;tringent Crocus of Steel, half a dram; &s;eal'd Earth, a &s;cru|ple; <HI>Laudanum Opiatum,</HI> three grains; Syrup of Myrtles, three drams. Mix, and exhibit a &s;poonful or two frequent|ly, for correcting the &s;harpne&s;s of the Blood and Humours. For the Bleedings in Malignant Feavers, we add Alexipharmacal Ingredients. If a Bleeding be caus<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">d by <HI>Cantharides,</HI> we ex|hibit Milk and the Decoctions of Rai&s;ins, I&s;ingla&s;s, and Mi&s;letoe of the Oak, with Gum <HI>Arabic,</HI> Tragacanth, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P>Take of the Juice of Fre&s;h-A&s;&s;es Dung, Syrup of Pur|&s;lain, and that of Myrtle-Berries, of each half an Ounce; Plantan Water, an Ounce. Mix for a Draught.</P>
<PB N="394" REF="198">
<P>After the Bleeding is thus &s;topp'd, we exhibit &s;uch Medi|cines as di&s;&s;olve and evacuat clotted Blood, e&s;pecially if it proceeded from an internal part. In the mean while, we u&s;e likewi&s;e external Medicins, <HI>viz.</HI> Such as either cement the Ve&s;&s;els by their gluy Vertue, as the Whites of Eggs, Ma&s;tic, Aloe, Beans, and a living Pigeon or Hen cut up and appli|ed to the Part, who&s;e Blood curdles upon the orifice of the Ve&s;&s;els, and &s;huts 'em; or &s;uch as wring the Ve&s;&s;els by their au&s;terity, or imbibe the Blood, and &s;tick clo&s;e to the Orifi|ces, of the former &s;ort are Vitriol, Vinegar, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Of the lat|ter are Bole Armenic, &s;eal'd Earth, Allum, Potters-Clay mix'd with Vinegar, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> In general, the <HI>French</HI> Styptic Liquor, (which is nothing el&s;e but the &s;olution of Allum, and half its quantity of the Vitriol of Steel in a proper Vehicle) and <HI>Tulpius</HI>'s compound Powder of Bole Armenic, Quicklime, burnt Vitriol, burnt Allum, Blood-&s;tone, Aloes, Dragons Blood, <HI>Lemnian</HI> Earth, Crocus of Steel, Mummy, Ma&s;tic and <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">rankincen&s;e; the&s;e I &s;ay are generally approv'd for exter|nal u&s;e in all Bleedings.</P>
<DIV5 N="1" TYPE="article">
<HEAD>ART. 1. <HI>Of Bleeding at the No&s;e and Gums.</HI></HEAD>
<P>THE &s;mall Arteries in&s;erted into the Membrane of the No&s;trils are liable to frequent Bleedings, as being re|laxated by prevailing moi&s;ture. The Symptoms and Cau|&s;es of this Bleeding are related above. If it be very co|pious, and unwonted, or un&s;ea&s;onable, it progno&s;ticates the Di&s;orders of the Spirits; in Acute Di&s;ea&s;es, e&s;pecially a|bout the height, 'tis an ill Omen; but in the beginning of the &s;mall Pox, or when it follows a Deafne&s;s after the height of a Feaver, 'tis not ill. In the Di&s;orders of the Liver or Spleen, if the No&s;tril of the &s;ame &s;ide with the Part aff<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">cted void Blood, 'tis well; if that of the oppo|&s;ite &s;ide, 'tis a bad Symptom, according to <HI>Hippocra|tes.</HI></P>
<P>In regulating the Method of Cure, we mu&s;t have a particular regard to the various Cau&s;es, <HI>viz.</HI> the redun|dancy, turge&s;cence, &s;ero&s;ity, or &s;harpne&s;s of the Blood; and &s;ingle out proper Medicines, according to the Directi|ons
<PB N="395" REF="198">given for Bleedings in general. To which we &s;hall only add this one Ob&s;ervation, that in habitual Bleed|ings at No&s;e, fre&s;h Mint, or its Juice taken frequently, is of &s;ingular u&s;e.</P>
<P>Externally we endeavour to divert and appea&s;e the Spirits, to curb the turge&s;cence of the Blood, and to &s;hut the Orifi|ces of the Ve&s;&s;els. For compa&s;&s;ing the fir&s;t De&s;ign, we u&s;e painful Ligatures, Frights, Cau&s;tics appli'd to the re|mote parts, cold things &s;uddenly apply'd to the <HI>Scrotum</HI> or Brea&s;t; a dry'd Toad hung under the Armpits, or tied to the Forehead, or its Powder applied to the No&s;trils; a Blood-&s;tone, or genuin Ja&s;per, held in the Hand 'till it be|come warm; A&s;h-wood applied to the No&s;trils, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> For the &s;econd end, we &s;ometimes Bleed by way of Revul&s;i|on and Derivation; or apply &s;carifying Cupping-Gla&s;&s;es to the Neck, or to the Calf of the Leg; tho&s;e which the Antients order'd for the Liver and Spleen, being very dange|rous and of no u&s;e. Catapla&s;ms of Fullers Earth, and Vi|negar, and Epithema's of the Juice of Hou&s;e-leek, Vine|gar, Nitre, and Camphyr; or of Soot, Vinegar and the Whites of Eggs; or of Allum, Frogs Spawn, and Vinegar, being applied to the Fore-head, Temples, Crown of the Head, Nape of the Neck, <HI>Scrotum</HI> in Men, and the Brea&s;ts in Women, are of admirable efficacy for appea&s;ing the tumultuous Motions of the Blood. As for the third Indi|cation of &s;hutting the Orifices of the Ve&s;&s;els, we blow into the No&s;trils the Powder of Allum or Vitriol, mix'd with Painters <HI>Lac,</HI> or apply it with a Tent dipp'd into the White of an Egg; or into the Juice of Hoggs-Dung, mix'd with Juice of Plantan. The Powder of Hoggs-Dung, and that of Toads, are very proper for the &s;ame u&s;e; as likewi&s;e the Phlegm of Vitriol, writing Ink, the Tincture of the Sulphur of Vitriol; Soot taken from the bottom of a Kettle, and mix'd with the Powder of the Blood that runs from the No&s;trils; the <HI>French</HI> Styptic Liquor, or a &s;olution of Allum and Vitriol of Steel in Plantan-Wa|ter, and above all, the rectifi'd Spirit of Wine.</P>
<P>The Gums are al&s;o very liable to Bleedings, occa&s;ion'd by the laxity of their Sub&s;tance, or the Corro&s;ion of &s;harp &s;corbutical &s;pittle, or the drawing of a Tooth, or by the general Cau&s;es of other bleedings. If their bleeding be pe|riodical, cu&s;tomary, or critical, it ought not to be &s;top'd. If it be caus'd by the drawing of a Tooth, apply the Tin|cture
<PB N="396" REF="199">of the Sulphur of Vitriol with Cotton; and gargle the Mouth with the Decoction of Tormentil, and Snake|weed-roots, with Galls, and White Poppy-&s;eeds in Water, mixing it with Bole-Armenic, Allum, and a little Vinegar. Sometimes the Spirit of Salt mix'd with Water is u&s;e|ful for wa&s;hing the Mouth. But when every other thing proves ineffectual, an actual Cautery is the &s;ure&s;t Reme|dy. Scorbutical Bleedings are accounted for el&s;ewhere.</P>
</DIV5>
<DIV5 N="2" TYPE="article">
<HEAD>ART. 2. <HI>Of a &s;pitting of Blood.</HI></HEAD>
<P>THE Blood that is evacuated by &s;pitting, may either proceed from the Stomac, (of which el&s;ewhere) or from the Palat, No&s;trils, and Gums, as was related in the la&s;t Article; or from the Organs of Re&s;piration, <HI>viz.</HI> the Wind|pipe, Bronchia or Lungs; in which ca&s;e, the Di&s;ea&s;e is called (<GAP DESC="foreign">) <HI>Hemopty&s;is,</HI> or a &s;pitting of Blood, and is the &s;ubject of this Paragraph. The general Cau&s;es are already accounted for: The particular Cau&s;es are,</P>
<P N="1">1. The Rupture of &s;ome Ve&s;&s;el in the Brea&s;t, occa&s;i|on'd by a redundancy of Blood, &s;uppre&s;&s;ion of the Terms or Piles, violent Crying, bearing heavy Burdens, Falls, Blows, vehement Coughing, or immoderat Laughter.</P>
<P N="2">2. The Corro&s;ion of the Ve&s;&s;els in the Brea&s;t, e&s;pecially in the Lungs, occa&s;ion'd by the In&s;piration of Mineral Sul|phureous &s;teams; or by a &s;harp Lymph reigning in the Body, as in the &s;mall Pox, or when a &s;ordid Ulcer is un&s;ea&s;onably dry'd. To the&s;e we may add the accidental &s;wallowing of Leeches, and immoderat Bathing.</P>
<P>A Spitting of Blood is of it &s;elf manife&s;t: But to trace out the part from whence it proceeds is a piece of Difficulty. For this end the Phy&s;ician ought to weigh the antecedent Cau|&s;es, &s;uch as exce&s;&s;ive Crying, Falls, Brui&s;es of the Brea&s;t, and violent Coughs, which generally arraign the Lungs, while other Cau&s;es are apt to affect other parts. Be&s;ides the Circum&s;tances attending the Evacuation, will give &s;ome further light into the Matter; as if the Blood be clotty, if it be voided without Coughing or much Hauking, and that in &s;mall quantities, then it proceeds from the Palat,
<PB N="397" REF="199">Gums, Throat, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> and not from the Brea&s;t, If it be copi|ou&s;ly voided with a Cough that not only accompanies but precedes the evacuation, and makes a hollow Noi&s;e, then it comes from the Wind-pipe or Lungs; and if the re&s;piration be difficult, if the Blood be florid, thin, and frothy (as being rarify'd by the Air,) and if a pain be&s;et the lower part of the Brea&s;t, it certainly takes its ri&s;e from the Lungs. If the Blood be black, clotty, and thick, and voided with a Cough and hollow Noi&s;e, it &s;prings from the Veins in the Cavity of the Brea&s;t. As for the Progno&s;tic; A Spitting of Blood from the Lungs is mo&s;t dangerous, and apt to degenerat in|to a Phthi&s;ic or Ulcer of the Lungs, e&s;pecially if it took its ri&s;e from the Corro&s;ion of a &s;harp Humor. If it be only a Symptom of another Di&s;ea&s;e, as of a Pleuri&s;ie, <HI>Peripneumonia,</HI> &amp;c. it is not &s;o dangerous, as when it &s;tands upon its own Legs. If a Spitting of Blood, occa&s;ion'd by a &s;uppre&s;&s;ion of wonted evacuations, or by the Turge&s;cence of Blood, be un|&s;ea&s;onably &s;top'd, it degenerats into a <HI>Peripneumonia,</HI> or Con|&s;umption.</P>
<P>The Cure is perform'd in the Paroxy&s;m, by removing the cau&s;e, appea&s;ing and thickening the Blood, and repairing the lo&s;&s;es of the Ve&s;&s;els: out of the Paroxy&s;m, the clotty Blood remaining in the Brea&s;t, ought to be di&s;cu&s;s'd, and the Lungs &s;trengthen'd. Now in order to an&s;wer the&s;e Indications, let's mind the following Rules.</P>
<P N="1">1. When a Spitting of Blood is caus'd by the Corro&s;ion of &s;harp humors, Blood-letting is improper; in &s;ome other ca&s;es it may be &s;erviceable, but regard mu&s;t &s;till be had to the Rules of Revul&s;ion and Aver&s;ion; as if it proceed from the &s;uppre&s;&s;ion of the Piles or Terms, a Vein mu&s;t be open'd in the Leg: When it ari&s;es from the &s;uppre&s;&s;ion of a cu&s;to|mary Bleeding at No&s;e, the vein of the Fore-head, or that under the Tongue is the proper place.</P>
<P N="2">2. Purgatives are highly pernicious. But Diuretics and Diaphoretics are very u&s;eful.</P>
<P N="3">3. Internal A&s;tringents ought not to be us'd, before the Blood be turn'd off, for fear of impri&s;oning the Blood in the Brea&s;t, and &s;o cau&s;ing a Suffocation, or <HI>Peripneumonia.</HI></P>
<P N="4">4. All external A&s;tringents and cold things applied to the Brea&s;t, are more apt to enflame than mitigat the Di&s;|ea&s;e.</P>
<P N="5">5. Opiats are always &s;afe and u&s;eful; but &s;uch of 'em as are very hot, as Venice Treacle, Mithridat, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> are not &s;o pro|per
<PB N="398" REF="200">as <HI>Laudanum Opiatum,</HI> and e&s;pecially Henbane Seeds, which are unanimou&s;ly approv'd both by the ancient and modern Writers. Hence an Electuary of Henbane and white Poppy Seeds, with Coral, Blood-&s;tone, and the &s;tale Con&s;erve of Ro&s;es, is of excellent u&s;e. However the &s;afe&s;t way is to give but a &s;mall quantity of Henbane Seeds at a time, and repeat the Do&s;es oftner, becau&s;e they are very Narcotic, and apt to cau&s;e Madne&s;s.</P>
<P N="6">6. In all Compo&s;itions we ought &s;till to have an Eye up|on the corro&s;ive &s;harpne&s;s of the Humors, for tempering which we u&s;e the &s;ame Medicines as were recommended again&s;t Bleedings in general; e&s;pecially Plantan, Pur&s;lain and Comfrey, their Decoctions, Juices and Syrups, for their Waters have no a&s;tringent force: The Decoction, Syrup, and Con&s;erve of Ground Ivy (a noble Pectoral,) the Juice of Nettles, the &s;tale Con&s;erve of red Ro&s;es, <HI>Dia&s;cordium,</HI> the Troches of Amber, (which at once temper &s;harp humors, di&s;&s;olve clotty Blood, and &s;top its Flux:) The Oyl of Lin|&s;eed given by Spoonfuls, the Oyl of Vitriol when there's no apprehen&s;ion of a Phthi&s;ic; the Juice expre&s;s'd from Quin|ces boyl'd in Water till they be &s;oft, given to two or three Spoonfuls, three or four times a Day; the Decoction it &s;elf being mix'd with that of Barly, or Corants for ordinary Drinking; Mice Dung, given to a dram, twice a Day, with the Juice of Plantan and Sugar; the Tincture of the Sulphur of Vitriol, Blood&s;tone, the Antiphthi&s;ical Tincture, <HI>Myn&s;ichtius</HI>'s Species <HI>Diaplantaginis,</HI> &amp;c.</P>
<P N="7">7. When the Paroxy&s;m is over, we ought to add di&s;&s;olv|ing and expectorating Medicines, &s;uch as <HI>Sperma Ceti,</HI> Dia|phoretic Antimony, Crabs Eyes with Vinegar, Oyl of Am|ber, Oxymel of Squills, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P N="8">8. In the la&s;t place the Lungs ought to be fortify'd by Vulnerary Balmy Medicines.</P>
<P>As for external Applications &s;ome apply a dry'd Toad un|der the Arm-pits; &s;ome tru&s;t to the Sympathetic Powder of Vitriol; and others choo&s;e to wet or wa&s;h the Te&s;ticles with Ro&s;e Vinegar, and that with good &s;ucce&s;s.</P>
<P>Take of the Con&s;erve of Ground Ivy, and that of Com|frey, of each an ounce; Con&s;erve of Ro&s;es, an ounce; &s;eal'd Earth impregnated with &s;pirit of Vitriol, (providing the Lungs are not corroded) two &s;cruples; prepar'd Blood|&s;tone, a &s;cruple; Troches of Amber, a dram; <HI>Laudanum Opiatum,</HI> &s;ix grains. With the Syrup of Comfrey make an
<PB N="399" REF="200">Electuary. Of which take the Quantity of a Nutmeg, twice a day.</P>
<P>Take of Plantan, Pur&s;lain, and Chervil Waters, of each an ounce; Tincture of the Sulphur of Vitriol, a dram; Troches of Amber, two &s;cruples; <HI>Crollius</HI>'s <HI>Sperniola,</HI> fif|teen grains; <HI>Laudanum Opiatum,</HI> five grains; <HI>Fernelius</HI>'s Syrup of Comfrey, and the Syrup of Pur&s;lain, of each half an ounce. Make a Potion.</P>
<P>The Spaw Waters, Milk, and the vulnerary Decoctions are us'd as pre&s;ervatives.</P>
</DIV5>
</DIV4>
</DIV3>
<DIV3 N="19" TYPE="section">
<HEAD>SECT. XIX. <HI>Of Di&s;ea&s;es relating to the Alterations of the Blood, in the Spleen, Liver, and Kidneys.</HI></HEAD>
<P>AS the Blood vi&s;its the Bowels for their nouri&s;hment, &s;o it is variou&s;ly alter'd according to the Nature of every Bowel. In the Spleen 'tis impregnated with a Volatil &s;our Ferment, that prepares and qualifies its parts for &s;eparation; in the Liver 'tis &s;eparated from the Bile, which is convey'd thence int othe Gut, either directly thro' the <HI>Ductus He|paticus,</HI> or, after &s;ome &s;tay in the Gall-bag, thro' the <HI>Ductus Cy&s;ticus.</HI> Now there are &s;everal Ca&s;es in which this &s;epara|tion is lamely perform'd, <HI>viz.</HI> When the Animal Spirits are exhau&s;ted or di&s;order'd, or the innate Spirits of the re&s;|pective Bowel vitiated; or when Inflammations or Tumors invade the Part, as in Chronical Di&s;ea&s;es; not, as if the Ob|&s;tructions or Tumors of the Spleen or Liver were the Cau&s;es of Chronical Di&s;tempers, but only as being their effects, or at lea&s;t trouble&s;ome Companions, that ought to be accounted for in the Cure of tho&s;e Di&s;tempers, it being generally com|pa&s;s'd by Chalybeats, or &s;uch Medicines as conquer an Acid, and clear the fir&s;t Pa&s;&s;ages, which are the Original Source of all Ob&s;tructions.</P>
<PB N="400" REF="201">
<P>In the Kidneys, the Blood being carry'd thither by the <HI>Emulgent</HI> Arteries, is di&s;&s;olv'd by a lixivious Ferment, and its Serum laden with acid and urinous Salts, invelop'd with Oily Particles, is &s;train'd thro' the &s;mall Fibres that convey it to the <HI>Corpus Papillare,</HI> from whence it &s;weats through into the <HI>Pelvis,</HI> and pa&s;&s;ing thro' the Ureters and Bladder, is voided under the name of <HI>&V;rine.</HI> If the Salts of the Urine be exactly united together, they entitle it to tran&s;parency; if their mixture be unequal, it is muddy or crude, and be|tokens the unequal temperature of the Salts in the Blood. But &s;o &s;oon as the Blood has conquer'd the prevailing hetero|geneous Salt that over-match'd and di&s;turb'd the Harmony of the re&s;t, then the Urine precipitats 'em as a Sediment, and becomes clear. In perfect Health, it contains nothing but the&s;e Salts incorporated with Oyl and a &s;erous Vehicle, but when the Chyle is not elaborat or perfectly dige&s;ted, then its Crudities, and the Sulphureous vicious Salts occa&s;i|on'd by them, are voided with the Serum, and impart to it a high or flat Tincture, according to the various Exalta|tion of the Salts, and their mixture with Sulphur.</P>
<DIV4 N="1" TYPE="chapter">
<PB N="401" REF="201">
<HEAD>CHAP. I. <HI>Of Di&s;tempers relating to the &s;eparation of</HI> Serum <HI>in the Kidneys.</HI></HEAD>
<DIV5 N="1" TYPE="article">
<HEAD>ART. 1. <HI>Of an</HI> I&s;churia <HI>in the Kidneys, or a &s;uppre&s;&s;ion of &V;rine ari&s;ing from the want of a due Separa|tion in the Reins.</HI></HEAD>
<P>THE Cau&s;es of an <HI>I&s;churia</HI> in the Kidneys relate either to the Blood or the Kidneys. The former are the Redun|dancy of the Blood, or its vicious thickne&s;s and the clo&s;e Cohe&s;ion of its Parts, occa&s;ion'd by Acid or vi&s;cous Lymph, and an imperfect Fermentation, as in Feavers before the Height, in Chronical Di&s;ea&s;es, ob&s;tructions of the Bowels, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> The latter relating to the Kidneys are,</P>
<P N="1">1. The Ob&s;truction of their Pa&s;&s;ages, occa&s;ion'd by clot|ted Blood, as in the ca&s;e of a Fall; Purulent Matter either re&s;iding there, or convey'd thither from other Ulcers; vi&s;cid tough Humors, a Stone in the Kidneys, exter|nal cold contracting the Fibres, nephritic Tumors, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P N="2">2. The Paralytic Laxity of the Fibres, occa&s;ion'd by a weakne&s;s or deficiency of Spirits, by preceding Wounds or Ul|cers, by the di&s;orders of their Nerves, the di&s;location of the <HI>Vertebrae</HI> of the Back, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P N="3">3. The Convul&s;ive Contractions of the Fibres, which are frequently occa&s;ion'd in one Kidney by a Stone in the other, thro' the corre&s;pondence of the Nerves.</P>
<P N="4">4. The flatne&s;s of the Ferment in the Kidneys, or its de|generacy from a volatil &s;alin Acrimony, as in Drop&s;ies, Ca|chexies, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<PB N="402" REF="202">
<P>A Suppre&s;&s;ion of Urine ari&s;ing from the default of the Kidneys is di&s;tingui&s;h'd from that in the Bladder, by a &s;en&s;e of weight about the Loyns, the in&s;ufficiency of a <HI>Catheter</HI> for procuring Urine, and the ab&s;ence of a Tumor or pain about the Pubes or <HI>Perinaeum;</HI> &s;ometimes 'tis attended by &s;tinking Sweats, or &s;uch as &s;mell like Urine; a &s;tinking Breath, Anxieties in the Brea&s;t, Vomiting, an univer&s;al Be|nummedne&s;s, Epileptic Symptoms, and Tumors of the Ab|domen and Legs. If the Urine before the &s;uppre&s;&s;ion was thick and muddy, with a copious &s;limy Sediment, the Bo|dy being univer&s;ally infe&s;ted with tough coar&s;e Humors, then the &s;uppre&s;&s;ion is caus'd by Slime &s;topping the Pa&s;&s;ages. If the Urine before the &s;uppre&s;&s;ion was Bloody, or if a Blow, Fall, or violent Riding occa&s;ion'd it, then clotted Blood is the immediat Cau&s;e. If the Urine was mix'd with Purulent Matter, or if any con&s;iderable Bowel be ulcerated, the Ob&s;truction is caus'd by the corrupt Matter. If the Urine was voided without any other remarkable Symptom, than that of lo&s;ing its wonted Smell and Ta&s;te, the Ferment is faulty.</P>
<P>An <HI>I&s;churia</HI> in the Kidneys is wor&s;e than that in the Blad|der. If it be attended by Symptoms di&s;turbing the Brea&s;t, 'tis very dangerous. If the Urine force its Pa&s;&s;age before the <HI>Seventh</HI> day, it affords a comfortable Prediction, tho' not infallible, e&s;pecially if the Blood and &s;olid Parts be much corrupted: Some In&s;tances there are of a total &s;uppre&s;&s;ion of Urine, for ten, fourteen, or twenty Days, that was cur'd; but the&s;e are unfrequent; be&s;ides, they are generally attended by a perpetual Sweating, Vomiting, or &s;ome notable eva|cuation of Serum, otherwi&s;e they would prove Mortal. If a &s;uppre&s;&s;ion of Urine be free from pain, it proceeds from the Paralytic Laxity of the Fibres, and is always Mortal.</P>
<P>The Cure varys according to the Difference of the Cau|&s;es. In general, gentle Laxatives mix'd with Diuretics and Turpentin Cly&s;ters are proper, as being apt not only to irritat the Guts, but to promote Urine. If the Ob&s;tructi|on be caus'd by clotty Blood; Madder, <HI>Sperma Ceti,</HI> Crabs Eyes mix'd with Vinegar, Chervil, Ground Ivy, St. <HI>John</HI>'s-wort, e&s;pecially its Seed, and above all the volatil Salt of Amber, are proper Ingredients. If the Ob&s;truction be occa|&s;ion'd by Purulent Matter, we exhibit the Bal&s;am of Sul|phur prepar'd with Oyl of Turpentin, the E&s;&s;ence of A|grimony,
<PB N="403" REF="202">Juice of Ground Ivy, and &s;uch like vulnerary Medicines. If a &s;limy humor be&s;et the Kidneys, we mu&s;t fir&s;t evacuat the &s;limy Crudities by Laxatives, before we attempt to u&s;e Diuretics, for fear they &s;hould augment the Evil, as cau&s;ing a greater afflux of pituitous Matter. After eva|cuation we admini&s;ter the Juice of Radi&s;hes, the Infu&s;ion of Hor&s;e Radi&s;hes in Wine, the Juice of Limons to two or three ounces, with Oxymel; the dulcify'd &s;pirit of Salt, the Philo&s;ophical &s;pirit of Vitriol, or rather the Acid &s;pirit of <HI>Sal-Armoniac,</HI> with the Decoction of Par&s;ley Roots and red Vetches; the Juice of the Pellitory that grows up|on the Rubbi&s;h of old Walls, as being impregnated with the Nitrous Salt of the Lime; the Winter Cherry, Mad|der, volatil Salt of Amber, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> If the Fibres of the Kid|neys be flaggy, Aromatic and Nervous Medicines are pro|per, e&s;pecially Turpentin, the &s;pirit and Oyl of Juniper-berries, Cinnabar of Antimony, and above all the volatil Salt of Amber given to twelve grains in a Conveni|ent Vehicle is an admirable Diuretic. If the Fibres be contracted we exhibit Narcotics, with Cinnabar of An|timony, and the volatil Salt of Amber; or Mithridat with &s;ome diuretic Decoction; or, in imitation of <HI>Ge&s;nerus,</HI> the Powder of Gla&s;s.</P>
<P>If the ferment of the Kidneys be defective, we exhibit the &s;harp &s;alin Diuretics, mix'd with the temperat Oily Ingre|dients; e&s;pecially the Decoction of Garlic Heads, the Seed of Hedge Mu&s;tard given to a dram in Wine, the Juice of Par&s;neps, the Spirit and Salt of Urine; <HI>Amelungius</HI>'s nephritic Tincture, prepar'd from Tartar, Nitre, Antimo|ny, and the &s;olar Flint-&s;tones; the Carminative Spirit, the volatil &s;pirit of Tartar; the &s;pirit of <HI>Sal-Armoniac,</HI> the vo|latil Salt or di&s;till'd Oyl of Amber; the Spirit or Juice of Earth-worms; the Powder, Juice and Infu&s;ion of Wood|lice; the Infu&s;ion of <HI>Spani&s;h</HI> Flies in Wine, or their Diu|retic E&s;&s;ence prepar'd with the Tincture of Tartar; the Infu&s;ion of Hor&s;es Dung in Rheni&s;h Wine; the Urine of a Goat; Crabs Eyes mix'd with Wine or Vinegar; the Decoctions of red Vetches, Chervil, Madder, or St. <HI>John</HI>'s-wort; the Shells of Hens Eggs or rather tho&s;e of E&s;trich Eggs, given to a dram, or di&s;&s;olv'd in &s;pirit of Salt; the Powder of Snails Shells di&s;&s;olv'd in like manner; the fix'd Salts of Diuretic Plants, prepar'd according to <HI>Tachenius</HI>'s Method; or &s;o that
<PB N="404" REF="203">they be not too much calcin'd, and con&s;equently rob'd of their Salin Vertue; the Tincture of Tartar, prepar'd thus.</P>
<P>Take of the Salt of Tartar, two ounces; di&s;&s;olve 'em in Water, then &s;train, and &s;et it upon the Fire; while 'tis a boyling, throw into it by degrees three ounces of the Cream of Tartar in Powder; then thicken 'em with a gentle Fire, and afterward reduce 'em to Powder, from which extract an admirable Diuretic Tincture with the &s;pirit of Wine.</P>
<P>To the&s;e we may add the Juice of the Birch-tree, the di&s;till'd Oyl of Turpentin, and Emul&s;ions made of violet Seeds, and Speedwell Water, or of Turpentin and the yelk of an Egg, with &s;ome Diuretic Water, and the Juice of Limons. Or,</P>
<P>Take of the Waters of Par&s;ley, and Re&s;tharrow, of each an ounce; Elixyr of Juniper-berries, (call'd <HI>Mal|vaticum</HI>) &s;ix drams; &s;pirit of Putrified Earth-worms, two drams; volatil &s;pirit of Tartar, a dram; di&s;till'd Oyl of Turpentin, three drops; Syrup of Ground Ivy, two or three drams. Mix and exhibit a Spoonful now and then.</P>
<P>Take of Tartar vitriolated, a dram; of the Salt of Bean|&s;talks, and Salt of Pigeons Dung, of each fifteen grains; volatil Salt of Amber, twelve grains. Make a Powder for three Do&s;es.</P>
<P>Externally we anoint with Stone Oyl, Oyl of Scorpi|ons, and di&s;till'd Oyl of Turpentin, mix'd with the Oint|ment of Mar&s;h-mallows.</P>
</DIV5>
<DIV5 N="2" TYPE="article">
<PB N="405" REF="203">
<HEAD>ART. 2. <HI>Of the Stone in the Kidneys.</HI></HEAD>
<P>STones in Man's Body, are nothing el&s;e but a vicious A|cid congeal'd with a volatil Alcali. This vicious Acid, for the mo&s;t part, is bred in the Stomac, and being mix'd with the Blood, attacks a naked volatil Alcali wherever it meets it, with which it con&s;pires to make up a third Con|crete or Stone. Now the Kidneys being plentifully &s;tock'd with a volatil Alkali, are mo&s;t liable to the &s;hocks of this Acid. 'Tis true, that in a healthy &s;tate, the Alcali of the Urine in the Kidneys, is naturally qualifi'd with an Acid, and then 'tis &s;ecure from the efforts of the vicious Intruder; but for as much as the Urine is oft-times liable to Al|teration, or Corruption, which &s;ets the volatil Salt at li|berty, much after the &s;ame method as when it has been ex|pos'd to the Air in an Urinal and begins to &s;mell; therefore the Kidneys are in &s;uch ca&s;es in danger of being mole&s;t|ed with Stones. Thus the generation of a Stone &s;uppo&s;es two concurring Cau&s;es; one is a prevailing Acid in the Body, occa&s;ion'd mo&s;tly by imperfect Dige&s;tions in the fir&s;t Pa&s;&s;ages, or by &s;uch things as are apt to become Acid; <HI>viz.</HI> Milk, Chee&s;e, and e&s;pecially Wine: The other is the Pu|trefaction and liberty of the volatil Alkali of the Urine; occa&s;ion'd generally by the weakne&s;s of the Ferment, as by <HI>A&s;paragus</HI> and &s;uch Diuretics as enfeeble the Ferment, and cau&s;e a putrid &s;mell in the Urine.</P>
<P>Now, that a volatil Acid engag'd with the volatil Alca|li in the Kidneys is apt to become a Stone, is made out by the following Remarks.</P>
<P N="1">1. Arthritick and Melancholick Per&s;ons, who are much mole&s;ted with vicious Acids, are very liable to the Stone; whereas tho&s;e of a bilious Con&s;titution are not.</P>
<P N="2">2. Tho&s;e who live near the <HI>Danube,</HI> and <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">e wont to drink much Wine, are frequently troubled with the Stone, by rea&s;on of the prevailing Acid in Wine, which is apt to con|geal with a volatil Alcali; as, if ye take Nitre very well &s;ix'd, and mix it with Flint-&s;tones, then melt it upon a &s;trong Fire, and 'twill become like Gla&s;s; pulverize this Gla&s;s, and pour Spirit of Wine upon it; after &s;ome time, pour that
<PB N="406" REF="204">off, and add fre&s;h Spirit of Wine, which in a Month's time will become a red Oil, containing the Acid of the Nitre exalted with the Spirit of Wine. Now if ye put a few Drops of this volatil Acid Oyl into a Gla&s;s of Wine, 'twill gather it into a hard &s;ub&s;tance.</P>
<P N="3">3. The Chymical Analy&s;is of the Stones pre&s;ents us with a fetil Oyl, an Urinous Spirit, a volatil Salt, and a <HI>Caput mortuum,</HI> like Quick-lime: Not to &s;peak of its efferve&s;|cence with any Alcalin Salt.</P>
<P>When the Stones thus ingendered of the volatil Acid and Alcali are growing together, they &s;ometimes take in a vi&s;|cid Mucilage, being the deprav'd nouri&s;hment of the Kid|neys, which renders the &s;tones white: Sometimes they cor|rode the &s;mall Ve&s;&s;els, and take in &s;ome drops of Blood, which makes the &s;tones red. Sometimes the pure Salts join together, without any other mixture but &s;ome earthy Par|ticles, caus'd by the Putrefaction of the Urine, and then the Stones are yellow. But at other times the Membranes, and the whole &s;ub&s;tance of the Kidney, make a part of the Con|crete.</P>
<P>A Stone in the Kidneys, while it lies quiet and does not &s;tir, is attended by few or no Symptoms. But when it be|gins to move, or, as the Practitioners &s;peak, <HI>in the Paroxy&s;m,</HI> it grates upon the Membranes, which by means of the im|mediat Corre&s;pondence of their Nerves with all tho&s;e from the <HI>Me&s;enteric Plexus,</HI> communicat their di&s;order to all the adjacent Parts. When its motion in the Kidney fir&s;t com|mences, the Per&s;on is mole&s;ted with a heavy dull Pain in the Loins, inclining to the right or left &s;ide, and &s;ometimes reach|ing to the re&s;pective &s;ide of the Head, according as the right or left Kidney is di&s;turb'd. When the Stone is advanc'd from the <HI>Pelvis</HI> to the <HI>&V;reter,</HI> then the Pain &s;hoots, pricks, and rai&s;es a &s;en&s;e of di&s;tention, or tearing, and does not cea&s;e 'till it either reaches the Bladder, or retire to the Kidney. Immediately before the inva&s;ion of the Paroxy&s;m, the U|rine is &s;canty, watry, and very &s;harp. Sometimes when the Stone is in motion, the nutritious Juice of the membranous Parts being deprav'd, is voided together with the Urine, rendring it thick, pale, and glutinous, e&s;pecially towards the bottom of the Urinal. Sometimes 'tis high tinctur'd, and thick, as being copiou&s;ly impregnated with di&s;&s;olv'd Salts; &s;ometimes 'tis actually mix'd with Blood, by rea&s;on of the Stone's offen&s;ivene&s;s to the Blood-Ve&s;&s;els. Oft-times Sand is
<PB N="407" REF="204">al&s;o voided, but then it falls to the bottom, and is hard, not friable; otherwi&s;e if the Sand be friable and reddi&s;h, it is only a Coagulation of &s;corbutical Salts: &s;ometimes the Urine is totally &s;uppre&s;s'd, the other Kidney being contract|ed by the provok'd Nerves.</P>
<P>During the Paroxy&s;m, the Per&s;on is unable to &s;tand up|right, or bow his Body, and the Pain glides along the Ure|ters to the Bladder; &s;ometimes it draws up the Te&s;ticle, and benums the Leg of the &s;ame &s;ide; &s;ometimes it cau&s;es vomi|ting, inappetency, contractions of the Fingers, a tickling pain in the Nut of the Yard, and difficult re&s;piration, the Midriff being by &s;ympathy affected, and girding the Regi|on of the &s;hort Ribs with a &s;en&s;e of con&s;triction. But a|bove all, the mo&s;t common Symptoms are, gripings in the Guts, Colick Pains in Men, Hy&s;teric Symptoms in Wo|men, and in &s;uch as are high-belly'd Pains re&s;embling tho&s;e of Child-birth. The Pul&s;e for the mo&s;t part is hard, by rea&s;on of the convul&s;ive Contractions of the Fibres of the Arteries. All the&s;e Symptoms are not always to be met with, neither are they peculiar to this Di&s;ea&s;e; but tho&s;e which are mo&s;t certain, and di&s;tingui&s;h this Di&s;temper from the Colick, are the benum'dne&s;s of the Leg, inability to &s;tand upright, or to &s;tretch their Back, the continuance of the Pain without remi&s;&s;ion, the di&s;orders of the Urine, and the ab&s;ence of the Symptoms peculiar to the Colick.</P>
<P>A Stone in the Kidneys is a dangerous Di&s;ea&s;e, e&s;pecial|ly to Women with Child. If frequently cau&s;es mortal Con|vul&s;ions, Suppre&s;&s;ions of Urine, Inflammations and Ulcers in the Kidneys, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> e&s;pecially if it be rough and large. If the Urine, that was at fir&s;t thin, becomes thick and mud|dy, as being laden with Sand and &s;mall Stones, 'tis a good &s;ign. But if the Urine be &s;uppre&s;s'd for a con&s;iderable time, and if the external Parts be cold, or &s;eiz'd with cold Sweats, Death is at hand. Sometimes the Pains ob&s;erve a <HI>Tertian</HI> or <HI>Quartan</HI> period. If they cau&s;e a Lethargy 'tis incu|rable.</P>
<P>The Cure con&s;i&s;ts in mitigating the Pain, and removing the Contractions of the Ureters and Membranes, and ex|pelling the Stone by Diuretics. For which end, we ought to ob&s;erve,</P>
<P N="1">1. That all violent Diuretics are improper, while the Pain is vehement; for that they provoke and irritate the Membranes, to contract 'em&s;elves more. Wherefore while
<PB N="408" REF="205">the Pain la&s;ts, we give only the mo&s;t temperate meek Diu|retics mix'd with Opiats.</P>
<P N="2">2. That oily things, &s;uch as Emul&s;ions <HI>&amp;c.</HI> are ab&s;o|lutely nece&s;&s;ary for allaying the &s;harpne&s;s of the Urine. The Ancients indeed recommended 'em for relaxating the Pa&s;&s;ages, but 'twas a groundle&s;s Fancy: To be &s;ure if they had any relaxating virtue, they would fir&s;t di&s;play it upon the Stomac.</P>
<P N="3">3. That the fir&s;t Pa&s;&s;ages ought always to be kept clear, le&s;t their impurities &s;hould aggravate the Symptoms of the Abdomen. Upon this Account, emollient and anodyn Cly|&s;ters are very &s;erviceable, e&s;pecially in the beginning of the Paroxy&s;m. Such are tho&s;e of the Decoction of Speed-well, Camomil-flowers, Mar&s;h-mallow-roots, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> in Milk; or of Rape and Lin-&s;eed-Oyl; but we ought to take notice, that the &s;imple&s;t Decoctions are be&s;t; that large quantities mu&s;t not be injected, e&s;pecially in high-belly'd Women, for fear of di&s;tending the Parts, and aggravating the Pain; and that if the Belly be very co&s;tive, we may add Purgative Electua|ries; and when the Pain is abated, Juniper-Berries, volatil Salt of Amber, and &s;uch like Diuretics. After the injection of Cly&s;ters, we order Baths and Fomentations of the Deco|ctions of &s;oft'ning, carminative, cephalic, and diuretic In|gredients; follow'd by emollient relaxating Liniments, &s;harp|en'd with di&s;till'd cephalic and diuretic Oyls. As,</P>
<P>Take of Pellitory, a handful; Mallows and Violets, of each half a handful; Chamomil and Elder-flowers, of each two little handfuls; Mar&s;h-mallow-roots, &s;ix drams; boil them in Child's Urine, or Whey. To eight Ounces of the &s;train'd Decoction, add of Turpentin di&s;&s;olv'd with the Yelk of an Egg, two drams; Oyl of White Lillies, half an ounce; Oyl of Scorpions, a dram; Antimonial Nitre, two &s;cruples. Make a Cly&s;ter.</P>
<P>Take of the emollient Ingredients, three handfuls; of the four large hot Seeds, and Salt of Tartar, of each a dram; boil them in Water. To nine Ounces of the &s;train'd Liquor, add of the Electuary of Hiera with Agaric, an Ounce; Di&s;till'd Oyl of Turpentin, a dram; with the Yelk of an Egg make a Cly&s;ter.</P>
<P>Take of the Herbs, Mallows, Mar&s;h-mallows, Pellitory, and Mercury, of each two handfuls; Chamomil and Elder-Flowers, of each two handfuls; Juniper-Berries, two oun|ces; Lin-&s;eed and Fenugrec-&s;eed, of each three ounces;
<PB N="409" REF="205">make two Bags to be boyl'd in Water for a Bath, apply|ing, in the time of bathing, one Bag to the Loyns, and the o|ther to the Navel.</P>
<P>Take of Sage, Mother of Thyme, and Chamomil-flowers, of each two handfuls; Juniper-berries, two ounces; Seeds of Anis and Dill, of each an ounce. Tye 'em in a Bag, to be boyl'd in Water; foment the Loyns and Abdomen with the Decoction, and apply the Bags as above.</P>
<P>Take of the Ointment of Mar&s;h-mallows, three drams; Oyl of bitter Almonds, and Oyl of Scorpions, of each a dram and a half; Rock Oyl, two drams. Make a Liniment. With which anoint the Loyns, Navel, and Region of the Ureters.</P>
<P>Take of the Oyls of bitter Almonds, Chamomil, white Lillies, and Scorpions, of each two drams; white Rock-Oyl, three drams; di&s;till'd Oyls of Spike, and Juniper-berries. of each a dram and a half. Make an Ointment as a|bove.</P>
<P>Take of Rock-oyl, three drams; expre&s;s'd Oyl of Pop|pies, a dram and a half; expre&s;s'd Oyl of Henbane, half a dram. Make an Anodyn Liniment. The E&s;&s;ence of O|pium is u&s;eful for the &s;ame purpo&s;e. The nervous Ce|phalic Oyls, the di&s;till'd Oyls of Turpentin, Cummin, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> are al&s;o very proper. But above all, the Oyl of Cam|phyr is an admirable Diuretic for external Compo&s;itions. The Oyl of Amber is too fierce, and apt to aggravat the pain.</P>
<P>Take of the Plai&s;ter call'd <HI>Nervinum,</HI> and <HI>Tacamahac,</HI> of each an ounce; Bal&s;am of <HI>Peru,</HI> two drams. Make a &s;quare Plai&s;ter to be applied to the Loyns.</P>
<P>Take the expres'd Juice of ten River Crabs boyl'd in Milk, and add to it three ounces of the Crum of white Bread, three yelks of Eggs, an ounce of Butter, an ounce of the Oyl of Chamomil, and half a &s;cruple of Saffron. Mix all for a Catapla&s;m, to be applied to the Loyns, for allaying the exce&s;&s;ive heat of the Kidneys.</P>
<P>While the&s;e Pre&s;criptions are in u&s;e, 'twill be requi&s;ite to look out for internal Med'cines. In the beginning gen|tle Laxatives are u&s;eful. They ought to be mix'd with the meeke&s;t Diuretics. As,</P>
<P>Take of Tartar Vitriolat, fifteen grains; Salt of Broom, three or four grains; Scammony prepar'd with the Juice of Ro&s;es, three grains; di&s;till'd Oyl of Turpentin, a drop. Make a Powder to be exhibited in the beginning of the Paroxy&s;m. Or,</P>
<PB N="410" REF="206">
<P>Take of Turpentin, a dram; Rhubarb in Powder, two &s;cruples; prepar'd Amber, half a dram; Cinnamon, half a &s;cruple; with the Oyl of Turpentin make Pills for a few Do&s;es. Note, Turpentin is both a Laxative and a Diu|retic, and upon that account highly u&s;eful in this ca&s;e. The Emul&s;ions of Violet-&s;eeds with Speedwell-water mix'd with Crabs Eyes, are al&s;o very proper for the &s;ame purpo&s;es.</P>
<P>The fir&s;t Pa&s;&s;ages being clear'd, we exhibit &s;uch Medi|cins as mitigat the Pain, and allay the &s;harpne&s;s of the Hu|mours, with gentle Diuretics. Thus the Elixir of Ju|niper, mix'd with the E&s;&s;ence of Opium, and exhibited by Spoonfuls: The Oyl of &s;weet Almonds mix'd with Pearch Stones, and the Syrup of Ma&s;h-mallows: And the Emul&s;ions temperat Seeds are very proper. In general, Narcotics are very &s;erviceable, not only by allaying the Pain, but by procuring Sleep, and &s;o &s;trengthening the Spirits in order to the expul&s;ion of the Stone. To the&s;e we add the gen|tle and ea&s;ie Diuretics. As,</P>
<P>Take of prepar'd Crabs Eyes, <HI>Sperma Ceti,</HI> of each a &s;cruple; volatil Salt of Amber, five grains; <HI>Laudanum Opi|atum,</HI> two grains. Make a Powder. Sometimes we add Cinnabar of Antimony, for preventing or removing the Con|vul&s;ion of the internal parts,</P>
<P>Take twelve living Wood-Lice; brui&s;e 'em with two drams of the &s;harpe&s;t Tincture of Tartar; then &s;train it, and add a &s;cruple of the E&s;&s;ence of Opium. Do&s;e thirty or forty drops. The Tincture of the Bal&s;am of <HI>Peru,</HI> or that of <HI>Capivi,</HI> are likewi&s;e very proper.</P>
<P>Take of the extract of Acorus, &s;ixteen grains; Ca&s;tor four grains; <HI>Hy&s;teric Laudanum,</HI> &s;ix grains; with the Oyl of Tur|pentin make Pills, to be exhibited when a Vomiting and Hic|cough attend the Stone in the Kidneys.</P>
<P>Take of the Water of Strawberries and Winter Cherries, of each an ounce and a half; Cinnamon-water, three drams; Crabs Eyes, two &s;cruples; Egg-&s;hells calcin'd, a &s;cruple; purify'd Nitre, half a dram; <HI>Laudanum Opiatum,</HI> two or three grains; Syrup of Mar&s;h-mallows half an ounce. Make a Potion.</P>
<P>Take of prepar'd red Coral, and Pearch Stones, of each fourteen grains Diaphoretic Gold, twelve grains; Cam|phyr, three grains. Make a Powder for two Do&s;es.</P>
<P>Take of Mar&s;hmallows-roots, an ounce; Liquorice-roots, two drams; Mallows, one handful; Violet-&s;eeds, half an
<PB N="411" REF="206">ounce. Boyl them in Barley-water. To two pound of the &s;train'd Decoction, add of the Syrup of Poppies, two oun|ces; prepar'd Crab's Eyes, a dram. Mix, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Sometimes we add Juniper-berries, Carrot-&s;eeds, St. <HI>Johns</HI>-wort-&s;eed, <HI>&amp;c. Fore&s;tus</HI>'s diuretic Decoction is much approv'd. As al&s;o the decoction of Chamomil-flowers, or that of Water-lil|lies. In every draught of &s;uch Decoctions, 'tis cu&s;toma|ry to add a few drops of the Spirit of Nitre, or of a mixture of the Spirit of Salt with the volatil Salt of Amber.</P>
<P>When the Symptoms attending the Fit begin to relent, we mu&s;t have recour&s;e to &s;trong &s;harp Diuretics; &s;uch are, the Juice of Radi&s;hes, given to two ounces with Spani&s;h Wine; the Roots and Leaves of Hor&s;e-radi&s;hes infus'd in Wine; or a Spirit di&s;till'd from Wine, in which Roots or Leaves of Hor&s;e-Radi&s;hes have been infus'd in a Cellar for fourteen Days toge|ther; the E&s;&s;ence of Re&s;tharrow; Burdock-&s;eeds; the Infu&s;ion of Ground-Ivy dry'd and Garlic Heads in the Spirit of Wine, or that of Juniper-berries; an Electuary of the Rob of Juni|per, and St. <HI>Johns</HI>-wort-&s;eeds, which when bruis'd &s;mell like Turpentin, and con&s;equently mu&s;t needs be &s;erviceable both for clean&s;ing the Veins, and pre&s;erving their ferment by its balmy virtue; Carrot-&s;eeds infus'd in fermenting Ale: The di&s;till'd Oyl and volatil Salt of A&s;h-tree-&s;eeds; or the follow|ing Oyl;</P>
<P>Take of the inner rindes of A&s;h-tree-roots, two pound; fre&s;h Juniper-berries, three pound; Turpentin, a pound and a half. Mix 'em with the Turpentin, and dige&s;t all for the &s;pace of three Months in twelve pound of Water. Then di|&s;till an admirable Diuretic Oyl. Do&s;e, eight or ten drops in white Wine.</P>
<P>The Juice of the tendrels of the Birch-tree gather'd in <HI>March</HI> is of excellent u&s;e, if drank like Spaw-waters. As al|&s;o the Water di&s;till'd from Ar&s;mart and frequently coho|bated; the Decoctions of the <HI>Indian</HI> Nephritic Wood; the Gum of the Cherry-tree form'd into Pills, or di&s;&s;olv'd in Wine; and the Nephritic E&s;&s;ences or Spirits of Winter Cherries, Ju|niper-berries, <HI>&amp;c. Timaeus</HI> recommends the Juice of the wild Tan&s;ey gather'd in <HI>May</HI> before the Sun-ri&s;ing; and that of green Rye, mixt with red Wine. To the&s;e we add the volatil Salt of Amber, the Salt of Urine, Nitre, Spirit of Nitre, and all nitrous Salts, e&s;pecially that of Pigeons Dung;
<PB N="412" REF="207">or the infu&s;ion of Pigeons Dung in Vinegar, mix'd with Ho|ny; or the following Salt;</P>
<P>Take Nitre well fix'd, and expo&s;e it to the Air. 'Twill melt to the con&s;i&s;tence of Pap. Then mix it with an equal quanti|ty of the red Oyl of Vitriol. When their Ebullition cea&s;es, draw off the Liquor with a &s;trong Fire, and 'twill leave a white Salt, of admirable efficacy again&s;t the Stone.</P>
<P>The Mineral and Animal Stones are likewi&s;e recommended in this ca&s;e, e&s;pecially Nephritic Stones, Crabs Eyes, Pearch or Carp Stones, the &s;hells of Eggs, e&s;pecially E&s;trich Eggs. They are not directly Diuretic, but they drink up the Acid that gathers the Stone, and if di&s;&s;olv'd in the compound Spirit of Salt are converted into a third Concrete that proves an ad|mirable Diuretic. The Lye of the calcin'd Egg&s;hells, the lixivious Salt of Quick-lime calcin'd with <HI>Sal-Armoniac,</HI> are al&s;o much approv'd. The decoction of Quick-lime in Water being &s;train'd and congeal'd, yields a fix'd Salt, which is either us'd in Powder, or infus'd in rectify'd Spirits, to which it gives a notable red Tincture that's much com|mended. <HI>Helvetius</HI> boyl'd Quick-lime in Vinegar, and eva|porated the decanted Decoction. The remaining Salt he made red hot in a Crucible, and extracted a notable nephritic Tincture with Spirit of Wine. The Spirit of putrify'd Earth|worms is al&s;o a proper Diuretic; or the Powder of Scorpions, fir&s;t wa&s;h'd, then infus'd alive in Spani&s;h Wine for 24 Hours, and then bak'd in an Oven in a Pot cover'd with Sage leaves; their Do&s;e is four or five grains in a potch'd Egg. If the Wings, Head, and Feet of Crickets be lop'd off, and its Body be macerated in Par&s;ley-water, 'twill become a milky Liquor that's very Diuretic. The E&s;&s;ence of Wrens is much applaud|ed, as likewi&s;e the following Pills.</P>
<P>Take black Beetles gather'd in <HI>May,</HI> without touching 'em with one's Hand. Suffocat 'em in Spirit of Wine, then dry 'em, cut 'em into pieces; and in the middle of their Body ye will find a vi&s;cous Liquor, which mix with their Powder, to the con&s;i&s;tence of a Bal&s;am. Then take of this Bal&s;am, adram; di&s;till'd Oyl of Anis and that of Cloves, of each three drops. Make Pills. Of which exhibit two grains once or twice in Elder-flower water, in the Morning with a fa&s;ting Sto|mac. They will cau&s;e a Strangury that &s;hall la&s;t for thirty Days.</P>
<P>If Diuretic Med'cines prove ineffectual, we ought to di&s;|continue their u&s;e for &s;ome time, le&s;t the Kidneys be o|vercharg'd
<PB N="413" REF="207">with Crudities. The &s;tronge&s;t of the&s;e Diure|ticks are by &s;ome call'd <HI>Lithontriptica,</HI> or di&s;&s;olvers of the Stone in the Body; but I doubt much if any &s;uch Med'cines be yet di&s;cover'd. 'Tis certain that Spirit of Nitre will di&s;|&s;olve a Stone out of the Body; but the alteration it undergoes in mixing with the various Humours in the Body cramp its virtue within us. And therefore whoever pretends to the knowledge of <HI>Lithontriptica</HI>'s mu&s;t have found out &s;uch a Med'cine as is not liable to be chang'd by the Humours of the Body, and be&s;ides, that is neither an Acid nor an Alcali, but con&s;i&s;ts of both as the Stone it &s;elf, and is peculiarly calcula|ted for its Pores, as <HI>Aqua fortis</HI> is for Silver. Some have ex|ploded all <HI>Lithontriptica</HI>'s, as being too corro&s;ive and apt to in|jure the Stomac, Guts, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> But they ought to con&s;ider that all &s;harp di&s;&s;olving <HI>Men&s;truum</HI>'s are not corro&s;ive to the ta&s;te, as Ar&s;enic, Quick-&s;ilver, <HI>Mercurius Vitae,</HI> &amp;c. whic are altogether in&s;ipid. And be&s;ides, &s;ome Liquors are qualify'd for di&s;&s;olving hard Concretes, that wo'not pick upon &s;ofter Objects; as Vinegar di&s;&s;olves the &s;hells of Eggs, while their inner Membran is left intire.</P>
<P>After the Paroxy&s;m is over and the Stone voided, we ought to prevent the generation of new ones by proper pre|&s;ervatives; as 1. By keeping the fir&s;t Pa&s;&s;ages clean with Laxa|tives, and once in three or four Months a Vomit, or a &s;tronger Purge. 2. By correcting the Acid in the fir&s;t Pa&s;&s;ages with ab&s;orbent Powders, and the fix'd Salts of Diuretic Plants. 3. By clean&s;ing the Reins and evacuating the fir&s;t Rudiments of the Stone, with volatil Diuretics, the Spirit and volitil Salt of Tartar, the Spirit of Urine, that of <HI>Sal-Armoniac,</HI> the Spirit of Worms, <HI>Elixir Proprietatis,</HI> Turpentin, fat Broth, Whey, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Some commend Milk, but its Curd di&s;&s;wades us from u&s;ing it. However we ought &s;till to remember that the Diuretics mu&s;t be of the meeker &s;ort, and exhibited only once or twice in a Fortnight or three Weeks, and that at &s;ome di&s;tance from the times of eating, but not till the fir&s;t Pa&s;&s;ages are clear'd. 4. By &s;trengthening the Reins, retrieving their ferment, and pre|&s;erving the Urine from corruption, with balmy Med'cines, &s;uch as Turpentin, the Bal&s;am of Sulphur, Juniper, St. <HI>John's-wort</HI>-&s;eeds, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
</DIV5>
<DIV5 N="3" TYPE="article">
<PB N="414" REF="208">
<HEAD>ART. 3. <HI>Of a</HI> Diabetes, <HI>or exce&s;&s;ive Flux of &V;rine.</HI></HEAD>
<P><HI>A Diabetes</HI> is either genuin or &s;purious. The former is a void|ing of Liquors by Urine without any &s;tay or alteration in the Body. The latter is a voiding of a much larger quantity of Urine than that of Liquids receiv'd into the Body. The cau&s;e of the former is the laxity and openne&s;s of the Pa&s;&s;ages which lead directly from the fir&s;t Pa&s;&s;ages to the Reins. 'Tis true the&s;e Pa&s;&s;ages are not yet di&s;cover'd, but the quick Pa&s;|&s;age of &s;ome Liquors, and their being voided without any al|teration in colour, ta&s;te, or con&s;i&s;tence, according to the Ob|&s;ervations of <HI>Galen, Bartholin, Hildanus,</HI> &amp;c. do &s;ufficiently evince their nece&s;&s;ity. The cau&s;e of the latter is a &s;harp vo|latil Salt or Ferment bred in the fir&s;t Pa&s;&s;ages, that di&s;&s;olves the fat acid in the Blood, Chyle, and mu&s;cular Fle&s;h, un|locking their Texture, and melting the ferment of the Reins. Thus the balmy and nutritious parts of the Blood being melt|ed down, and tinctur'd with a &s;harp acrimony, they &s;timulat the Kidneys, and force their pa&s;&s;age. This volatil Alcali Salt is not unlike that which &s;ometimes cau&s;es melting loo&s;ene&s;&s;es, or that of <HI>Spani&s;h</HI> Flies and Beetles, and is frequently the fol|lower of violent Diureticks. Perhaps it al&s;o &s;ucks in the hu|midity of the Air in the Body, by virtue of which it melts, and &s;o increa&s;es the quantity of Urine, which &s;ometimes exceeds that of all the Juices in the Body. The Symptoms of the &s;purious <HI>Diabetes</HI> are the crudity, thinne&s;s, and &s;weet ta&s;te of the Urine, with a fat Scum &s;wimming upon it; a notable weakne&s;s, leanne&s;s, dryne&s;s of the Mouth, thir&s;t, a heat and pain in the Loyns, a &s;low Feaver, and in &s;hort, all the Symp|toms of a Hectic. If it follow immoderat Labour, Venery, or Chronical Feavers, 'tis uncurable.</P>
<P>For Cure of a genuin <HI>Diabetes</HI> we exhibit A&s;tringents and Aromatics, &s;uch as we generally pre&s;cribe for defending and fortifying the Stomac and Bowels in the u&s;e of Spaw Waters. Thus the a&s;tringent crocus of Steel, the Tincture of the Sul|phur of Vitriol, Bole Armenic, &s;eal'd Earth, Con&s;erve of Ro&s;es vitriolated, the decoction of Orange-peel, and Plantan bol'd in Chalybeat-water, are very proper. Some recom|mend,
<PB N="415" REF="208">as an <HI>Arcanum,</HI> a Cocks-comb calcin'd, and exhibi|ted with ones own Urine. As for the Cure of a &s;purious <HI>Diabetes;</HI> we mu&s;t endeavour to correct the Acrimony of the Volatil Alcali; to prevent the colliquation of the Juices by Narcotics, and proper A&s;tringents. Fir&s;t of all, their Diet mu&s;t be the &s;ame as that of Hectic Per&s;ons. In the next place vomiting is very proper; to which we &s;ubjoin the Powder of the natural Blood-&s;tone, or of the Artificial one, made of the Vitriol of Steel, and Sugar of Lead. The Antiphthi&s;ical Tincture prepar'd from the &s;ame Ingredients. The Tincture of the Sulphur of Vitriol; the a&s;tringent Crocus of Steel, the Powder or Spirit of Allum, Amber, and its Troches, or tho&s;e of &s;eal'd Earth, taken in an A|cid Vehicle; the Tincture or Magi&s;tery of Coral, pre|par'd with the Juice of Citrons, or their mixture with Vinegar.</P>
<P>Take of Plantan Water, three ounces; Di&s;till'd Vinegar, &s;ix drams; red Coral pulveriz'd, (not prepar'd) a dram; <HI>Laudanum Opiatum,</HI> two grains; Syrup of Pur&s;lain, an ounce. Mix, and exhibit a &s;poonful frequently.</P>
<P>Quicklime-Water, given to four or five ounces thrice a day, is of &s;ingular u&s;e in this Di&s;temper; as al&s;o Milk, e&s;peci|ally Chalybeat Milk, or that in which hot Irons are frequent|ly extingui&s;h'd; A&s;&s;es or Goats Milk are the Be&s;t, and next to them Cows Milk. The Emul&s;ions of &s;weet Almonds, and white Poppy-&s;eeds are al&s;o very proper. Externally &s;ome apply to the Kidneys, the Juice of River-Crabbs, or Baggs of Plantan and Oak-Leaves boil'd in Chalybeat Milk.</P>
</DIV5>
<DIV5 N="4" TYPE="article">
<PB N="416" REF="209">
<HEAD>ART. 4. <HI>Of a Pi&s;&s;ing of Blood.</HI></HEAD>
<P>THE Urine is &s;ometimes tinctur'd with Blood, and that more or le&s;s according to its quantity. The Blood &s;prings either from the Kidney, Ureters, or Yard; or from the Contu&s;ions of other parts. The Cau&s;es are the &s;ame as tho&s;e of all Bleedings, <HI>viz.</HI> Either an <HI>Ana&s;tomo&s;is</HI> or <HI>Diaere|&s;is:</HI> The former is caus'd by the laxity of the Pores of the Reins, violent Motion, Jumping, Falls, exce&s;&s;ive Venery, violent Diuretics, and a redundancy of Blood in the Body. The latter by &s;harp corro&s;ive Humors, as in maligant Fea|vers, the Small Pox, and the Scurvy, or by the application of <HI>Spani&s;h</HI> Flies without mixing and tempering them with A|cids, by the Stone, Ulcers, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P>The bloody Urine is di&s;tingui&s;h'd from that which is only tinctur'd by Salts, by its thick intran&s;parent Con&s;i&s;tence, and a red blacki&s;h Sediment, like clotted Blood at the bottom of the Urinal. When the Blood proceeds from the Kidneys, or Bladder, a heavy or gnawing pain be&s;ets tho&s;e parts. When the Blood is plentiful and well mix'd with the Urine, and is not curdled, but liquid when it falls to the bottom, it comes from the Kidneys. When the Blood is &s;carce, unequal|ly mix'd, voided with Pain, and gives a clotty Sediment, it takes its ri&s;e from the Bladder. If the Blood be voided without the Urine, or fall to the Bottom immediately upon making of Water, it proceeds only from the <HI>&V;rethra.</HI> If a &s;harp Urine be voided with a &s;harp gnawing biting Pain, and if a &s;trangury or difficulty of making Water went be|fore, the flux of blood is caus'd by the Corro&s;ion of the Ve&s;&s;els. If it proceed from <HI>Cantharides,</HI> the Per&s;on is mo|le&s;ted with an eternal erection of the Yard. If it proceed from the corro&s;ion or ulceration of the Bladder, 'tis very dangerous; but that from the corro&s;ion or weakne&s;s of the Reins, is yet more &s;uch.</P>
<P>For Cure, the Cau&s;es mu&s;t be enquir'd after, and remov'd after the &s;ame method, as in &s;pitting of Blood. A redun|dancy of blood admits of bleeding. The &s;harpne&s;s of the Serum prohibits both that and Purgation. Rhubarb indeed
<PB N="417" REF="209">may be allow'd, as being an Alterative and Fortifyer of the Reins, as well as a Laxative. <HI>Sylvius</HI>'s Mixture of Coral, Dra|gons-blood, <HI>Laudanum,</HI> and Syrup of Myrtles with Vinegar, and Plantan and Cinnamon-water, is a general pre&s;cription for all <HI>Haemorrhagia</HI>'s. However, the Acrimony of the Urine ought always to be accounted for by the Juice of Plantan, or Pur&s;lain, or the Syrup of the Juice of Comfrey and that of Plan|tan Leaves; the Decoction of Ground-Ivy; or the following Decoction.</P>
<P>Take of the Herbs Agrimony and Yarrow, the tops of St. <HI>John</HI>'s Wort, and the Mo&s;s of Bullace-Trees, of each a handful; Comfrey-Roots, two ounces; St <HI>John</HI>'s-wort-Seeds, two, three, or four drams; boil 'em in Chalybeat Milk, or Whey, or Black-Smith's Water; &s;weeten the &s;train'd Decoction with the Syrup of Comfrey, and add to every Draught, Crabs Eyes di&s;&s;olv'd in Vinegar.</P>
<P>The Decoction of Ground-Ivy, or Ground-Pine; Sheep's Milk exhibited to four ounces, with a dram of Bole-Armenic; Amber, and e&s;pecially its Troches, given to a dram, with half a dram of Bole-Armenic, and a little Vinegar in Plantan-water, or with Crabbs Eyes, and Sugar of Lead; the Tin|cture of the Sulphur of Vitriol, the Antiphthi&s;ical Tincture; prepar'd Blood-&s;tone exhibited with Milk, (e&s;pecially when the Di&s;ea&s;e is caus'd by <HI>Cantharides</HI>) and the Emul&s;ions of milky Seeds, are all very proper; and ought to be fre|quently interlac'd with <HI>Laudanum Opiatum.</HI> To the&s;e we add vulnerary Ingredients, e&s;pecially the Juice or Powder of River-Crabbs, and Turpentin, either given in Pills with Rhubarb, or di&s;&s;olv'd with the Yelk of an Egg, in &s;ome convenient Vehicle. The Spirit and Oyl of Turpentin are too &s;harp. If the Bladder be ulcerated we may inject the Troches of Amber mix'd with Plantan Water, or the Juice of Plantan with the Powder of Blood-&s;tone. When the Pi&s;&s;ing of blood is over, we ought to di&s;&s;olve the clotty Blood that may remain in the Bladder, with Amber and its Productions.</P>
</DIV5>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 N="2" TYPE="chapter">
<PB N="418" REF="210">
<HEAD>CHAP. II. <HI>Of Di&s;ea&s;es relating to the Expul&s;ion of &V;rine from the Bladder.</HI></HEAD>
<DIV5 N="1" TYPE="article">
<HEAD>ART. 1. <HI>Of a total &s;uppre&s;&s;ion of &V;rine, ari&s;ing from its &s;tay in the Bladder.</HI></HEAD>
<P>THE Urine being &s;eparated in the Kidneys, is con|vey'd through the Ureters to the Bladder; and when its di&s;tending quantity, or its &s;harpne&s;s provokes the Bladder to Contractions, is voided thro' the <HI>&V;rethra.</HI></P>
<P>This natural Evacuation is &s;uppre&s;s'd either thro' the default of the Bladder, or of its <HI>Sphincter,</HI> or of the <HI>&V;re|thra.</HI> The Bladder is faulty when its Fibres are heedle&s;s and &s;tupid, as in Malignant Feavers; or relaxated, and unable to contract it. This may be occa&s;ion'd by &s;taying long in cold Water, by Wounds, Blows, Brui&s;es in the lower part of the Back, or any Injury done to the Nerves of the Part; by an exce&s;&s;ive quantity of Urine forcibly retain'd in the Bladder, by Worms, Ulcers, Inflammations, Tumors, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> in the Bladder and adjacent parts; and by the remi&s;sne&s;s of the Mu&s;cles of the <HI>Abdomen,</HI> which ought naturally to pre&s;s its Fibres. The <HI>Sphincter</HI> is faulty when it &s;huts the Ori|fice, as being con&s;tantly contracted. 'Tis provok'd to &s;uch Contractions by Cholic and Nephritic Pains, Scorbutical Pains in the <HI>Abdomen,</HI> and the Application of <HI>Spani&s;h</HI> Flies. The <HI>&V;rethra</HI> or Pa&s;&s;age which leads from the Bladder is faulty, when Inflammations, Tumors, or Venereal Excre&s;|cences be&s;et the Neck of the Bladder, <HI>Pro&s;tratae</HI> or <HI>Peri|naeum;</HI>
<PB N="419" REF="210">or when 'tis block'd up by a Stone, clotty Blood, or vi&s;cous glutinous Humours occa&s;ion'd by u&s;ing Diu|retics immediately after eating before the Chyle be tran&s;|form'd, or by giving bad Milk to New-born Children, who are naturally liable to that Symptom.</P>
<P>The Symptoms of this Di&s;temper are the&s;e. When the Bladder is over-di&s;tended by a large quantity of Urine, the Per&s;on is mole&s;ted with a grievous pain, and vain de&s;ire of making Water, and the &s;uppre&s;&s;ion is difficult to cure; when the Bladder is Paralytic, 'tis in&s;en&s;ible of Pain, or of any Provocation to evacuat; when the urinary Pa&s;&s;age is ob&s;tructed, a painful Tumor appears in the Pubes, and is exa&s;perated by touching. If clotty Blood cau&s;e the Ob&s;tru|ction, 'tis di&s;cover'd by preceding Falls, Brui&s;es, pi&s;&s;ing of Blood, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> If glutinous Humors block up the Way, an|tecedent Cau&s;es, and Slime voided with the Urine, will give us to know it. If a &s;uppre&s;&s;ion of Urine in the Blad|der be free of all Pain, and attended by a <HI>Tene&s;mus,</HI> and Hiccough, it progno&s;ticates Death. That from a Schirrus in the Neck of the Bladder, or adjacent parts, is not ea&s;i|ly cur'd.</P>
<P>The Cure is vary'd according to the Cau&s;es. If the Blad|der be Paralytic, and in&s;en&s;ible, we give inwardly Cepha|lic Medicines, e&s;pecially the Elixyr and di&s;till'd Oyls of Juniper; the di&s;till'd Oyl of Amber, or that of Turpentin, the Brains of Magpies, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> and inject Cly&s;ters, fir&s;t of e|mollient Ingredients, and afterward of Centory, Coloquin|tida, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Or we admini&s;ter gentle Purgatives, and order the Per&s;on to keep in his Breath, and &s;queeze the <HI>Abdomen.</HI> If the&s;e methods be ineffectual, we open the Pa&s;&s;age with a Catheter, or rather a Wax Candle, anointed with Hony and Oyl of &s;weet Almonds. When the Bladder is empty'd, we inject the Decoction of Sage, Penny-royal, wild Marjoram, Calamint, Rue, Ca&s;tor, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> in Wine; and foment the Ex|ternal Parts with a Spunge, or apply Catapla&s;ms of Pellitory, and Oyl of Scorpions; or anoint the <HI>Pubes</HI> and <HI>Perinaeum</HI> with a Liniment of the Oyntment of Mar&s;hmallows, Oyl of Scorpions, and di&s;till'd Oyl of Juniper, applying afterwards to the <HI>Os &s;acrum</HI> and <HI>Pubes</HI> the Plai&s;ter call'd <HI>Nervinum,</HI> &s;often'd with the Oyl of Amber. If the &s;uppre&s;&s;ion be very ob&s;tinate, we order bathing in the Decoctions of emollient and nervous Plants, exhibiting at the &s;ame time &s;ome gen|tle Diuretic. In Malignant Feavers, we apply the &s;ame
<PB N="420" REF="211">Ointments and Decoctions, and order the Patient to walk up and down the Room. When the Bladder is di&s;tended, we u&s;e the &s;ame Method. When the <HI>Sphincter</HI> is contracted, we ex|hibit inwardly the Specifics for Convul&s;ions, mix'd with O|piats; and anoint with a Liniment of the Ointment of Mar&s;h|mallows, mix'd with the Oyls of Poppies, Ca&s;tor, and Amber.</P>
<P>If the Pa&s;&s;age be &s;topp'd by clotted Blood, we exhibit Crabbs Eyes with Vinegar, the Decoctions of Chervil, <HI>Sper|ma ceti, &amp;c.</HI> and foment or bath with the Decoctions of Antipleuritical Ingredients; applying likewi&s;e Catapla&s;ms of fre&s;h Cows Dung. If vi&s;cid Humors block up the Pa&s;&s;age, we give fir&s;t a gentle Purge; then the Juice of Limons with Spirit of Turpentin, or Spirit of Salt; the Juice of Radi&s;hes, and Decoctions of aperient and diuretic Ingredients, to which Black Garden-Currants are added. If the <HI>Pro&s;tatae</HI> be &s;woll'n, we apply Catapla&s;ms of Brook-lime, and Cha|momil Flowers. If purulent Matter &s;tick in the way, we exhibit the Oyl of Amber, and that of Juniper, and clear the Pa&s;&s;age with a Cacheter, providing the Bladder be not inflam'd. If Excre&s;cences be&s;et the <HI>&V;rethra,</HI> we eat 'em a|way with Corro&s;ives, applied with a Candle of Wax and Turpentin, and then con&s;olidate the Ulcer with <HI>&V;nguentum Album Camphoratum.</HI></P>
<P>For all Suppre&s;&s;ions of Urine in general, we foment the Parts with the Decoction of Pellitory, Anis and Par&s;ley|&s;eeds, Zedoary and Bay-berries in Wine; and apply Ca|tapla&s;ms of Pellitory (growing upon the Rubbi&s;h of Old-Walls) with roa&s;ted Onyons, Garlick, Oyl of Scorpions, and Oyl of Juniper; or anoint with the &s;ame Oyls mix'd with Rock-Oyl.</P>
</DIV5>
<DIV5 N="2" TYPE="article">
<PB N="421" REF="211">
<HEAD>ART. 2. <HI>Of the Stone in the Bladder.</HI></HEAD>
<P>THE Stone of the Bladder is for the mo&s;t part, fir&s;t bred in the Reins, and introduc'd by Nephritic Pains, and, when it de&s;cends through the <HI>&V;reters</HI> into the Bladder, re|ceives a con&s;iderable increa&s;e from the Mucilage, or deprav'd nutritious Juice, that &s;ticks to it, and becomes hard as it &s;elf. Thus we find that &s;tones in the Bladder are cover'd like an <HI>Onyon</HI> with &s;everal di&s;tinct Coats, and have a Ker|nel in the middle, which repre&s;ents the Stone as it came from the Kidneys. The Symptoms are; a &s;udden &s;topping of Urine in the very time of making it, follow'd by a vio|lent and vain De&s;ire of fini&s;hing that Evacuation, and of going to &s;tool; a dull &s;en&s;e of weight about the <HI>Perinaeum</HI> and <HI>Pubes;</HI> a Pain, and itching in the Nut of the Yard, and its perpetual Erection, occa&s;ion'd by the irritation of the inner Membrane: When the Per&s;on &s;toops to pull up any thing from the ground, he feels a pricking and pain about the <HI>Pubes;</HI> when he jumps, he feels it move, unle&s;s it be grown to the Membrane, as when the Bladder is tore; in which ca&s;e it mu&s;t be &s;earch'd with a Cacheter. When the <HI>Evil</HI> is inveterat, the nutritious Juice of the injur'd Parts is de|prav'd, and voided in the form of a Mucilage like white Clay, which &s;ome are apt to take for the Matter of which the Stone is bred, whereas 'tis properly its effect. The Stone in Women is more ea&s;ily cur'd than in Men, who&s;e Bladder is more inacce&s;&s;ible. If it be inclos'd in a peculiar Membrane, 'tis &s;carce curable.</P>
<P>The Internal Cure is the &s;ame as that of a Stone in the Kidneys, to which we refer the Reader. The Blood and Urine of a Goat, and the Juice of Wood-lice bruis'd with the Spirit of Juniper-Berries, or Tincture of Tartar, are particularly re|commended; as al&s;o Pills of the Salts of Ivy-Berries and Water-Cre&s;&s;es mix'd with the Cry&s;tals of Nitre and Tartar, and with Turpentin. If the Stone be in motion,
<PB N="422" REF="212">and be not very large, we may give a Vomit to drive it out. Externally we inject proper Liquors for di&s;&s;olving the Stone; for which purpo&s;e &s;ome commend the warm Blood of a Goat or Fox; or the &s;olution of calcin'd Pigeons Dung in Pellitory Water. We likewi&s;e order Fo|mentations and Bathing in proper Decoctions; and anoint the <HI>Pubes</HI> and <HI>Perinaeum,</HI> with a Liniment of Rock-oyl, and the expre&s;s'd Oyls of Poppies and Henbane; or apply a Catapla&s;m of white Onyons boil'd in Wine, and mix'd with the Oyl of Scorpions. As for Cly&s;ters, their Virtue is &s;ufficiently known. When all proves ineffectual, the Stone mu&s;t be cut, and if the Inflammation and Gan|grene of the Bladder can be prevented, there's no great danger in the operation.</P>
</DIV5>
<DIV5 N="3" TYPE="article">
<HEAD>ART. 3. <HI>Of the incontinence of &V;rine.</HI></HEAD>
<P>AN Involuntary efflux of Urine is caus'd by the imper|fect Con&s;triction of the <HI>Sphincter.</HI> The remote Cau&s;es are,</P>
<P N="1">1. The Pal&s;ey and &s;tupidity of the <HI>Sphincter,</HI> occa&s;ion'd by the weakne&s;s and deficiency of the Animal Spirits, as in Fe|vers and Apoplexies; or by the Ob&s;tructions of the Nerves, from internal or external cau&s;es.</P>
<P N="2">2. The Relaxation of the Fibres of the <HI>Sphincter,</HI> occa|&s;ion'd by a preternatural di&s;tention of the <HI>Vagina</HI> and neck of the Bladder in Child-Birth, or the down-falling of the Womb.</P>
<P N="3">3. The cutting or tearing of its Fibres, e&s;pecially in cut|ting the Stone, or in time of Delivery, when the Midwives &s;cratch the <HI>Caruncula Myrtiformis</HI> with their Nails.</P>
<P>Sometimes the efflux of Urine cannot be properly cal|led involuntary; but 'tis &s;uch, that the Per&s;on is frequently oblig'd to make Water, and cannot retain the Urine &s;o long as naturally one may. The immediat Cau&s;e is the perpetual Irritation of the Bladder, occa&s;ion'd by rough Stones, or &s;harp Humours; or the Compre&s;&s;ion of the Bladder, caus'd by the
<PB N="423" REF="212">di&s;tended Womb in Women with Child, or by exce&s;&s;ive Laughing and Coughing, e&s;pecially in fat Per&s;ons; or by Inflammations of the Mu&s;cles of the <HI>Abdomen</HI> and adjacent Parts. Some Per&s;ons are liable to an involuntary voiding of Urine when they're a&s;leep, e&s;pecially Children and Old Per&s;ons, who&s;e Spirits are lazy and inactive.</P>
<P>An incontinence of Urine, proceeding from a Pal&s;y, or from the default of the Brain, or &s;pinal Marrow, is very difficult to cure. In Old Per&s;ons, or when it follows Child|birth, 'tis &s;eldom cur'd. In Feavers, 'tis a fatal Sign. In Children 'tis overcome by Nature before the Twenty Fifth Year of age; or el&s;e accompanies 'em to the Grave.</P>
<P>The Cure in general is perform'd by A&s;tringents, e&s;pe|cially the Decoction of Calamint, Agrimony, and Mint in Wine; the Powders of Galangal, Aloes-Wood, Acorus, Ca|&s;tor, Myrrh, Frankincen&s;e, Gum Arabic, and Ma&s;tic. The mo&s;t noted Specifics are the Throat of a Cock roa&s;ted, pounded, and given to a dram in Wine; the Powder of a burnt or calcin'd Hedge-hog; the Powder call'd <HI>Medulla Saxorum;</HI> The inner Tunicle of a Hen's Ventricle, which when dry'd, becomes hard like Horn; the Fi&s;h found in the Belly of a Pike; the Powder of a Sow's Womb; or for Men, of a Boar's <HI>Pudendum;</HI> the Powder of Hogg's Hoofs; the Powder of dry'd Mice; and the Dung of a She-Goat. Externally we order Fomentations, and Baths, of the Deco|ctions of A&s;tringent nervous Plants, &s;uch as Mint, Worm|wood, Pomgranat Flowers, Tormentil Roots, and e&s;pecial|ly Comfrey-Roots, in Black&s;mith's Water. For Old Per|&s;ons, there's nothing &s;o proper as the Natural Hot-Baths. After Fomentation or Bathing, 'tis convenient to anoint the Loins and Pubes with the Oils of Mint, Amber, Worm|wood, Ma&s;tic, Bal&s;am of <HI>Peru,</HI> di&s;till'd Oyl of Juniper, Turpentin, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> and to apply the Plai&s;ter <HI>Oxycroceum</HI> &s;often'd with Oyl of Amber. After hard Labour in Child-birth, &s;ome recommend an Ointment of Calaminar &s;tone, wa&s;h'd in Vinegar and Ro&s;e-water, and pulveriz'd with Litharge of Silver, Ceru&s;s, Oyl of Ro&s;es, Oyl of Chamomil, and Goat's Fat. Finally, the Powder of a Toad, taken alive and burnt in a New Pot, being hung in a Bag about the Neck, is univer&s;ally approv'd of for curing any incontinency of U|rine.</P>
</DIV5>
<DIV5 N="4" TYPE="article">
<PB N="424" REF="213">
<HEAD>ART. 4. <HI>Of a Strangury.</HI></HEAD>
<P>A Strangury is a making of Water by drops, with an un|&s;ufferable Pain in the Neck of the Bladder, and <HI>&V;re|thra,</HI> and a violent Itch for pi&s;&s;ing and going to &s;tool. The Cau&s;e is the acidity and &s;harpne&s;s of the Urine, which pro|vokes the Bladder to Contraction, and when the <HI>Sphincter</HI> opens to give it vent, provokes it likewi&s;e to &s;hut the Pa&s;|&s;age. Thus the reciprocal Contractions of the Bladder and <HI>Sphincter,</HI> occa&s;ion the voiding of Urine by drops; and the &s;harpne&s;s of the Humour cau&s;es the exce&s;&s;ive Pain, which is more violent in the <HI>&V;rethra</HI> than the Bladder, by rea&s;on that the one is defended by a &s;limy Matter, and the other is not. The Remote Cau&s;e of the acidity of the Humors, is an imper|fect dige&s;tion in the fir&s;t Pa&s;&s;ages, and the inactivity of the Bile. Thus New Wine or Ale will cau&s;e a Strangury, as being apt to turn Acid in the Stomach. The Stran|gury which attends the Venereal Di&s;ea&s;e, proceeds from a &s;harp corro&s;ive Lymph, voided by the <HI>Pro&s;tatae.</HI> If a Stran|gury continue long, 'tis apt to create Ulcers in the Bladder; nay, &s;ometimes it may proceed from Excoriations or Ulcers of the Bladder. In Old Per&s;ons, who&s;e dige&s;ting Faculty is weak, 'tis almo&s;t incurable.</P>
<P>The Cure con&s;i&s;ts in tempering the &s;harpne&s;s of the Humors, and rectifying the &s;tate of the Bladder. The latter Indica|tion is accounted for above. The Fir&s;t is an&s;wer'd by Vo|mits, as being wonderfully u&s;eful in all Di&s;ea&s;es relating to the Urine. Purges of Rhubarb, or Jalap and Turpentin, are al&s;o very proper. When the fir&s;t Pa&s;&s;ages are clear'd, the E&s;|&s;ence or rather the di&s;till'd Oyl of Orange-Peel, i<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">s of admi|rable efficacy for de&s;troying the Acid, and whetting the Bile. In general we recommend for a Strangury, the Decoction of Black Currants and Carret-&s;eed in red Wine; the Decoction of Winter Cherres, with Rai&s;ins; the Decoction of Rapes; the Emul&s;ions of Hemp-&s;eed and the four cold Seeds; the Oyl of &s;weet Almonds mix'd with the Syrup of Mar&s;hmal|lows and Crabbs Eyes&punc; the Juice of River-Crabbs; the In|fu&s;ion of Onyons in &s;ome proper Vehicle; the dulcify'd Spi|rit
<PB N="425" REF="213">of Nitre; the carminative Spirit <HI>de tribus;</HI> the Spirit of Tartar; the Spirit of Wine taken every Night going to Bed; the Bal&s;am of Sulphur; Oyl of Amber; Troches of Amber; and above all, the Bal&s;am <HI>Capivi</HI> given in Par&s;ley-Water, and Borace given to a &s;cruple. A Strangury caus'd by new Ale, is cur'd by the Powder of Nutmegs. If the&s;e Medicines prove ineffectual, we mu&s;t have recour&s;e to Aromatic Ingre|dients, &s;uch as <HI>Galangal,</HI> Zedoary, Orange Peel, Elixyr of Ju|niper Berries, and e&s;pecially Wine in which burning Flint|&s;tones are extingui&s;h'd.</P>
<P>Externally, anoint the Navel (which communicats with the Bladder by the Urachus) with a mixture of Goats Tallow, and the di&s;till'd Oyls of Wax and Orange Peel; or &s;umigat the Parts with the Decoction of Radi&s;hes in Wine. Inject Chalybeat Milk, or Oyl of &s;weets Almonds, into the Bladder; and in time of Pi&s;&s;ing let the Yard be put into warm Milk. Anodyn Emellient Cly&s;ters are al&s;o proper; as likewi&s;e Emollient Fomentations and Baths. For old Per&s;ons there's nothing &s;o &s;erviceable as the natural Hot Baths.</P>
</DIV5>
<DIV5 N="5" TYPE="article">
<HEAD>ART. 5. <HI>Of a</HI> Dy&s;uria, <HI>or Heat of &V;rine.</HI></HEAD>
<P>A <HI>Dy&s;uria</HI> is a voiding of Urine with a great deal of Pain and Heat. It differs from a Strangury in this, that the Urine is not voided by Drops, but in a due quantity; that the Pain vani&s;hes after making Water; that it cau&s;es no vain de&s;ire of Pi&s;&s;ing, or going to Stool, and that its Pain is accompany'd with a burning Heat. The cau&s;e for the mo&s;t part is the Inflammation, Corro&s;ion, or Ulceration of the Neck of the Bladder, Urethra or adjacent Parts. Thus the Stone &s;ometimes galls the parts as it pa&s;&s;es, and cau&s;es a Heat of Urine. The Inflammation of the <HI>Pro&s;tatae,</HI> or the &s;harp Corro&s;ive Humor voided by 'em; the Inflamma|tion of the Womb, <HI>Inte&s;tinum Rectum,</HI> or the Emrods, will produce the &s;ame effect. Sometimes, but very rarely, it proceeds from the &s;harpne&s;s of Urine, as being laden with Scorbutical Salts, or mix'd with &s;ome purulent Matter, or impregnated with Cantharides, or corro&s;ive Preparations of Mercury. When the Bladder and adjacent Parts are thus
<PB N="426" REF="214">di&s;order'd, their nutritive Juice is deprav'd, and voided with the Urine, in the form of a thick milky Mucilage; in which ca&s;e the Di&s;ea&s;e is dangerous. If this Di&s;temper con|tinue long, it degenerats into an Ulcer of the Badder, or In|continence of Urine.</P>
<P>The Cure con&s;i&s;ts in tempering the &s;harpne&s;s of Urine, and rectifying the &s;tate of the Bladder and adjacent Parts. For which Purpo&s;es the &s;ame Medicines as were recommended for a Strangury are proper; to which we may add the Con|&s;erve of Mallows Flowers the Decoction of Sebe&s;ten with Hou&s;e-leek Water, Whey, or Milk in which Blew-bottle or Larks-heel Flowers are boyl'd (e&s;pecially when the Di&s;ea&s;e is occa&s;ion'd by Cantharides;) Turpentin mix'd with Amber, Frankincen&s;e, Myrrh, and the Juice of Liquorice; the Bladder a Goat in Powder, with the di&s;till<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">d Oyl of Caraways; the Powder of Dates with Sugar, and <HI>Laudanum Opiatum.</HI> Note the Spirit and Oyl of Turpentin are too &s;harp.</P>
<P>Take of the Con&s;erve of Violets, an ounce and a half; Rob of Juniper, &s;ix drams: Powder of the Seeds of St. <HI>John</HI>'s-wort, three drams prepar'd Crabs Eyes, a dram; prepar'd Pearch-&s;tones, half a &s;cruple; <HI>Laudanum Opiatum,</HI> a grain and a half. With the Syrup of Scabious make an Ele|ctuary.</P>
<P>Externally we apply Catapla&s;ms of Rue, Pellitory and Chervil boyl'd in Milk, and mix'd with the Oyl of Scor|pions; or anoint the <HI>Pubes</HI> with the Ointments <HI>Martiatum</HI> and <HI>Agrippae,</HI> mix'd with the Oyl of Bays. The Injection of Milk and living Lice; the Bathing, and Cly&s;ters are al&s;o very proper. If the Bladder be ulcerated we inject, fir&s;t, clean&s;ing, and then con&s;olidating Decoctions. Of which more el&s;e where.</P>
</DIV5>
</DIV4>
</DIV3>
<DIV3 N="20" TYPE="section">
<PB N="427" REF="214">
<HEAD>SECT. XX. <HI>Of Di&s;ea&s;es relating to the &s;eparation of Lymph in the Glandules, and its re|gular Motion.</HI></HEAD>
<P>THE <HI>Lymph</HI> is a Liquor &s;eparated by Glandules, &s;ome of which are gather'd into a round uniform Globe, and are call'd <HI>Conglobatae;</HI> &s;ome into a Clu&s;ter call'd, <HI>Conglo|meratae.</HI> The former convey their Juice thro' Lymphatic Ve&s;&s;els into the left axillary Vein, where it dilutes, and pre|pares the Chyle for an ea&s;ie union with the Blood; and likewi&s;e promotes the fermentation of the Blood in the Heart and Lungs, as being of a volatil Spirituous Nature. The latter throw their Juice into &s;ome noted Cavity, as the Spittle into the Mouth, the Juice of the Sweat-bread into the Guts, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> The&s;e Juices as &s;eparated or &s;uck'd from the Blood, partake of acidity, which is temper'd by the Ani|mal Spirits repairing to the Glandules, they being conden|&s;ated and incorporated with the Liquor. The Separation of this Liquor is frequently di&s;turb'd by the Ob&s;tructions of the Glandules, of which el&s;e where.</P>
<DIV4 N="1" TYPE="article">
<PB N="428" REF="215">
<HEAD>ART. I. <HI>Of Catarrhs.</HI></HEAD>
<P>A Catarrh is a preternatural Defluxion of Lymph from the Conglamerated Glandules, into &s;ome noted Cavity of the Body, e&s;pecially the Throat, Brea&s;t, and Head, where the&s;e Glandules are very plentiful, and their Lymph is mo&s;t liable to alterations from the Air. A Catarrh therefore proceeds from the Con&s;triction of the Fibres of the Glandules, occa&s;ion'd by &s;ome provoking Cau&s;es. The&s;e Cau&s;es are either External or Internal. The former are the malignity of the Air (in Epidemical Catarrhs) &s;harp Steams, and external Cold contracting the Fibres, hindring a free Tran&s;piration, and &s;o occa&s;ioning the re|dundancy, &s;tagnation, and provoking &s;harpne&s;s of the Lymph. The internal Cau&s;es are the &s;harpne&s;s or Acrimony of the Blood, and con&s;equently the Lymph, occa&s;ion'd by an imperfect Dige&s;tion in the Stomac, Scorbutical Salts, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Or the occa&s;ional Corruption of the Peculiar Nutritious Juice of the Glandules, which being deprav'd, &s;ticks to their &s;ides, and provokes 'em to Contractions. This dege|neracy of their Juice ari&s;es from external injuries; or what|ever internal Cau&s;e is apt to weaken or exhau&s;t their in|nate Spirit.</P>
<P>When the Fibres or innate Spirits of the Part are weak|en'd, the Catarrh is <HI>Habitual</HI> and apt to relap&s;e; in other Ca&s;es 'tis only <HI>Accidental,</HI> and generally take its ri&s;e from external Occa&s;ions. When a Catarrh begins, 'tis <HI>Thin</HI> and <HI>Sharp,</HI> as being the pure Lymph without mixture; but afterwards by its continued Flux it depraves the nu|tritive Juice of the Glandules, which mixes with it and renders it <HI>Thick</HI> and <HI>Temperat.</HI> When the Lymph is very Coro&s;ive and Sharp, 'tis u&s;ually call'd a <HI>Hot</HI> Rheum; when 'tis Thick and Slimy, 'tis entitled <HI>Cold.</HI></P>
<P>There is yet a Spurious &s;ort of Catarrh, near ally'd to this above-mention'd, <HI>viz.</HI> The Stagnation of the &s;erous part of the Blood in any parts, either before or after its conver&s;ion in|to
<PB N="429" REF="215">Lymph, as when Nocturnal Cold, or the Diminution of the ordinary tran&s;piration cau&s;es pain in the Limbs. This is not properly a <HI>Catarrh,</HI> but a &s;tagnation of Serum or Lymph, caus'd by the Con&s;triction of the Fibres of the part in which 'tis lodg'd. Thus the Tooth-ach, Scorbu|tic pains in the Limbs, Ba&s;tard Pleuri&s;ies, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> are of the &s;ame kind. The Cau&s;es from which they take their ri&s;e are much the &s;ame as tho&s;e of the Genuin Catarrh. Some|times the true Catarrh cau&s;es Feavers, which are particu|larly accounted for in the Section of Feavers.</P>
<P>An imminent Catarrh is u&s;her'd in by a wearine&s;s of the Joynts, heavine&s;s of the Head, dullne&s;s of the Sen&s;es, and Froth making a circle in the Urine. If the Lymph be thin and &s;harp, 'tis mo&s;tly voided in the Night time, and a &s;low Feaver increa&s;ing towards the Evening accompanies it; if it be thick and &s;limy 'tis equally trouble&s;om at all times, but the Symptoms are more remi&s;s. If a Catarrh recur frequently in the &s;ame part, or if the part be in|fluenc'd by the alterations of the Weather, 'tis a &s;ign that the nutritive Juice of the Glandule is deprav'd, and its innate Spirit weaken'd. If it be caus'd by the Crudites, or imperfect Dige&s;tion of the Stomac, it di&s;tingui&s;hes it &s;elf by frequent relap&s;es either in the &s;ame or different parts; by the Per&s;on's propen&s;ity to &s;pit and &s;weat much; and the thinne&s;s and palene&s;s of the Urine. Catarrhs in the Brea&s;t or Wind-pipe are apt to cau&s;e a Cough or Phthi&s;ic. In old Per&s;ons they're &s;carce curable, by rea&s;on of the weakne&s;s of their Dige&s;tive faculty, the natural Laxity of their Glandules, flatne&s;s of their Spirits, and Acrimony of the Se|rum. A Catarrh in the Glandules of the Brain is apt to cau&s;e Pal&s;ies, Lethargies, and &s;uch like di&s;orders of the Spirits. That from the No&s;e and Mouth is lea&s;t dangerous, e&s;pecially if the Matter come quickly to Concoction.</P>
<P>As to the Cure, let the following Cautions be mind|ed.</P>
<P N="1">1. The be&s;t Evacuaters are Diuretics and volatil Sudori|fics. When the Stomac is faulty, Vomits and Purges are proper, but not in other Ca&s;es.</P>
<P N="2">2. Chronical or Habitual Catarrhs, proceeding from the Acrimony of the Serum, as in old and Scorbutical Per&s;ons, are influenc'd by the Moon, and therefore Pre&s;ervatives ought always to exhibited before the new Moon.</P>
<P N="3"><PB N="430" REF="216">3. Opiats are of excellent u&s;e, e&s;pecially in the begin|ning of a Catarrh ari&s;ing from external Cau&s;es. They ought always to be mix'd with volatil Salts, and pro|per Specifics. Towards the height of the Di&s;ea&s;e, or in epidemical and critical Catarrhs they mu&s;t be cautiou&s;ly us'd.</P>
<P N="4">4. I&s;&s;ues and Bli&s;tering Plai&s;ters, are of u&s;e for drain|ing the Lymph, or relieving a particular part; but they cannot remove its Cau&s;e. Therefore in &s;corbutical Ca&s;es, or when the Evil is inveterat, and &s;carce curable <HI>&agrave; Priori,</HI> we mu&s;t in&s;i&s;t on &s;uch a palliative Cure, being di|rected thereto by nature, which frequently throws out the Lymph by Ulcers in the Legs.</P>
<P N="5">5. Bleeding is not proper. But in &s;ome particular Ca&s;es, as when the Body is very Plethoric, or Blood &s;uppre&s;s'd in the Body, or when the Catarrh falls upon a noble part, 'tis allowable.</P>
<P>The&s;e Cautions being premis'd, let's now Con&s;ider the Indications. As,</P>
<P N="1">1. The Activity of the Cau&s;e, and &s;en&s;e of the Part ought to be impair'd by Opiats.</P>
<P N="2">2. The quantity of the Lymph mu&s;t be le&s;&s;en'd, its vici|ous quality corrected, and the &s;olid part cleans'd by vo|latil Sudorifics.</P>
<P N="3">3 The Stomac mu&s;t be &s;trengthen'd, its due dige&s;tion retriev'd, and the &s;olid part fortify'd by balmy Aromatics.</P>
<P>The &s;pecifics proper for the&s;e purpo&s;es are Mother of Thyme, Ro&s;e-mary, Avens-roots, Juniper-berries, and all Aromatics; Sa&s;&s;afras, e&s;pecially its Tincture, prepar'd with the &s;pirit of wild Thyme; Amber and all it preductions, e&s;pecially the &s;uccinated &s;pirit of Harts-horn; Myrrh, Sulphur or its Flowers, Ma&s;tic-wood, and <HI>Sperma Ceti.</HI> From &s;uch Ingredients we make &s;everal Pre&s;criptions, &s;uch as the De|coctions of Woods; the infu&s;ion of Aromatic and Stoma|chical Herbs in Wine, an Electuary of the Rob of Juni|per-berries mix'd with Spices, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> The Cure of &s;harp and thick Humors vary's, as that of dry and wet Coughs. In &s;corbutical Ca&s;es we always add &s;ome preparation from the Pine-tree. When we exhibit Purgatives we mix 'em with the Specifics, as in <HI>Crato</HI>'s Pills of Amber, Jalap, &s;weet Mercury, and, in inveterat Ca&s;es, Hellebor, are recommended. If the Humor be thick, <HI>Coliquintida</HI> corrected with &s;alt of Tartar, or <HI>Ferra foliata Tartari,</HI> will be very proper. Ex|ternally in Catarrhs of the Head, we apply to the Crown of the Head and Temples the Oyl of Amber, di&s;till'd Oyl
<PB N="431" REF="216">of Mace, or of Harts-horn, if the Per&s;on be not offended by the &s;mell; and the Plai&s;ter of Betony mix'd with Tacamahac, and &s;often'd with the Oyl of Amber. In Catarrhs of the Brea&s;t, we fumigat the Mouth and Face with Amber, Ma&s;tic, Benzoin, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> But above all, the &s;moak of Tobacco is of admirable u&s;e, if it be mix'd with the Powder of Amber, Anis, or Coriander Seeds, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> The &s;purious Catarrhs a|bove-mention'd are cur'd internally with Sudorifics and urinous Spirits. Externally by applying the Gum Tacama|hac, and Caran; or if the Skin cannot bear Gums, the re|ctified &s;pirit of Wine impregnated with Aromatic Plants and Seeds. However all Oily things ought to be careful|ly avoided.</P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 N="2" TYPE="article">
<HEAD>ART. II. <HI>Of</HI> Coryza.</HEAD>
<P>THE mo&s;t common in&s;tance of Catarrhs is that call'd <HI>Coryza,</HI> or a defluxion of Matter from the No&s;e, which at fir&s;t is thin and &s;harp; but in proce&s;s of time the nutri|tious Juice of the No&s;trils being deprav'd, renders it thick. The membran in the Head of the No&s;trils is frequently pro|vok'd to Sneezing, and the Nervous <HI>Tubuli</HI> being likewi&s;e a&s;&s;aulted communicat their Convul&s;ive di&s;orders to the <HI>Mem|brana dura</HI> of the Brain; whence in&s;ues a heavy pain, and a &s;en&s;e of &s;queezing as it were in the Head. Sometimes the &s;en&s;e of Smelling is quite lo&s;t, and the No&s;trils are gall'd and ulcerated. The Cure is the &s;ame as that of Ca|tarrhs in general. While the Humor is thin, we ought to re|move the Irritation by exhibiting inwardly volatil Salts; and applying outwardly the di&s;till'd Oyl of Anis, or rather that of Amber, mix'd with a few drops of the Oyl of Cloves, with Cotton. The &s;mell of the &s;havings of Horn, the &s;teams of burnt Amber, Ma&s;tic, Benzoin, Gum <HI>Animae,</HI> &amp;c. and the &s;moak of Tobacco impregnated with a few drops of the di&s;till'd Oyl of Anis, are likewi&s;e very &s;ervice|able. When the Humor is thick, and the no&s;trils &s;top'd, we mu&s;t endeavor to attenuat and evacuat it, by fumigating
<PB N="432" REF="217">with Vinegar upon hot Iron, or applying the &s;pirit of <HI>Sal-Armoniac,</HI> or the Oyl of Almonds with Camphyr di&s;&s;olv'd in it, both to the extremity, and internal Membran. Sneez|ing Powders are al&s;o very u&s;eful, &s;uch as the Powder of Florentin Orris with <HI>Euphorbium;</HI> the Powder of black Hellebor with Sugar. Tobacco-leaves &s;prinkl'd with a few drops of the Oyl of Majoram, and dry'd; or mix'd with the Powders of Marjoram, Flowers of the Lilly of the Valley, di&s;till'd Oyl of Anis, Amber, and Mo&s;ch. The &s;o|lution of white Vitriol in the Decoction of Tobacco, Mar|joram, and Flowers of the lilly Convally is al&s;o very pro|per. If the Head be di&s;turb'd or clouded, we anoint the Crown of the Head with Bal&s;am of <HI>Peru,</HI> or Oyl of Am|ber. If the Mouth be much mole&s;ted, we order Troches of Mithridat, Ma&s;tic, and Olibanum, to be roll'd in the Mouth.</P>
<P>As for the Cough, Hoar&s;ene&s;s, Blearedne&s;s of the Eyes, and all the other &s;ubdivi&s;ions of Catarrhs, they are accounted for in their proper places.</P>
<P>Thus we've di&s;patch'd the Di&s;ea&s;es relating to the Di|&s;tribution of the Lymph. As touching tho&s;e proceeding from its Stagnation, <HI>viz.</HI> Hydropical Tumors in the Abdo|men, Head, Brea&s;t, Womb, Te&s;ticles, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> their Cure is the &s;ame as that of an univer&s;al Drop&s;ie. And be&s;ides, they are in great mea&s;ure di&s;cu&s;s'd in the Particular Chapters re|lating to the Di&s;orders of tho&s;e Parts.</P>
</DIV4>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 N="2" TYPE="book">
<PB N="433" REF="217">
<HEAD>AN ABRIDGMENT OF ETMULLERUS HIS <HI>Practice of</HI> PHYSIC, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></HEAD>
<HEAD TYPE="sub">BOOK II.</HEAD>
<DIV3 N="1" TYPE="section">
<HEAD>SECT. I. <HI>Of the Di&s;ea&s;es which di&s;turb the Generation and Di|&s;tribution of the Animal Spirits, and con&s;equently the due Performance of Sen&s;e and Motion.</HI></HEAD>
<P>THE Di&s;ea&s;es of the lower Region of the Body were our la&s;t Subject. It remains now to move upwards, and con&s;ider the Di&s;orders of the Head. Where the Spirits are &s;eparated and &s;train'd from the Blood by the <HI>Glandules</HI> of the <HI>Cortical</HI> part of the Brain; and from thence convey'd to the Body. With|out the Influence of the&s;e Spirits all Motion and Sen&s;e cea&s;es, as is evident by the Di&s;&s;ection of a Nerve.</P>
<P>They require no Fermentation to fit 'em for their Office, being &s;ufficiently prepar'd by a bare Separation from the Blood; and are equally capable to &s;erve any Sen&s;e. The &s;ame Spirit that a&s;&s;i&s;ted in moving the Mu&s;cles of the Leg,
<PB N="434" REF="218">would have &s;erv'd the Eye in the &s;en&s;e of Seeing. 'Tis true, the Spirits of one Man differ very much from tho&s;e of ano|ther. The different condition of the Ma&s;s of Blood, and difformity of the Brain, occa&s;ions a remarkable difference of Spirits, which is vi&s;ible in the variety of animal Operati|ons, Thought and Genius among Men. Nay, in one and the &s;ame Man, any alteration of the Humors of the Body, and Ma&s;s of Blood, produces the like change in the Spirits. When the Blood ob&s;erves its regular Cour&s;e, the Spirits are likewi&s;e orderly; and when 'tis inflam'd or boils too high, they become enormous, and cau&s;e a Perturbation in the Mind; which depends upon them, and can never pretend to Clearne&s;s and Ju&s;tne&s;s of Thought, without the &s;teddy and equal Influence of the Spirits. When their Motions are clever and &s;wift, they cau&s;e a nimble and ready Wit; when they are lazy, and move heavily, they make a dull inactive Soul; and when their Motion becomes more languid, Sleep takes place; which is always introduc'd either by exhau&s;ting the Spirits, by thickning and fixing them with &s;leeping Me|dicines, by rendring them flaggy and dull, or clogging them with nutritious Juice or &s;ome &s;erous Humor, that di&s;tils up|on the Brain in time of Watching.</P>
<P>To return to the Generation of the Spirits. It may be di&s;turb'd. 1. When the Spirits are deficient, for want of a due Exaltation of the Blood, or by rea&s;on of &s;ome fault in the Texture of the Brain, or an immoderat Con&s;umption by Exerci&s;e. This Symptom is cur'd by exhibiting gene|rous and &s;pirituous Medicines, as Spirit of Amber, Spirit of the Lilly of the Vally, with volatil Salt of Hart&s;horn, and all the oily volatil Salts. 2. When the Spirits are numerous and crouded, which generally yields to Fa&s;ting, Sleeping, or Exerci&s;e. 3. When the Spirits are corrupted, they re|&s;emble rectify'd Spirit of Wine, and may &s;uffer Depravation by mixing with foreign Spirits, or becoming phlegmatic, and degenerating from their volatil Subtilty, or by enga|ging in irregular Motions.</P>
<P>Before I de&s;cend to Particulars, it will not be improper to premi&s;e three or four Po&s;itions that ought to be heedfully ob|&s;erv'd.</P>
<P N="1">1. That the Brain, Nerves, Membranes and Ligaments are all compos'd of little &s;mall Fibres, which are &s;tronger in the Nerves and extreme Parts of the Body, than in the Brain and <HI>Medulla Spinalis.</HI> The&s;e Fibres are naturally bent and endow'd with a rebounding Virtue upon the approach of an
<PB N="435" REF="218">external Object, or the impul&s;e of the Spirits from within. Their Texture is variable according to the Con&s;titution of every Individual, and the different Motions of &s;everal &s;orts of Spirits. From whence en&s;ues the variety. of the animal or &s;en&s;itive <HI>Phaenomena</HI>'s.</P>
<P N="2">2. That the Brain and Spirits have a peculiar dependance upon the Moon; and upon that account the Di&s;ea&s;es of the Head encrea&s;e or dimini&s;h in proportion to its Age. The Spirits when di&s;order'd are more &s;en&s;ible of this Influence than in their natural State. 'Tis true, the Sun has &s;ome A&s;cendant over our Bodies, but that properly relates to the vegetable and vital Functions; the <HI>Animal</HI> Province being more peculiarly allotted to the Moon.</P>
<P N="3">3. That there is an admirable Sympathy betwixt the Brain and the Bowels, e&s;pecially the Stomac. An ungrate|ful Imagination di&s;turbs the Stomac, and Vomiting and Giddine&s;s do equally give ri&s;e to one another. The Di&s;or|ders of the Stomac and lower Belly have a vi&s;ible Influence upon the Fancy, as in the ca&s;e of Hy&s;teric or Hypocondriac Fits, and the ridiculous Appetites of Women. <HI>Helmont</HI> was very happy in this Ob&s;ervation, and the practical Infe|rences he deduc'd from it; but his Theoretic Conjectures are frivolous. The rea&s;on why the Spirits and the Stomac do &s;o &s;en&s;ibly affect one another, &s;eems to be this: That the Mouth of the Stomac is the fir&s;t part of all the Body that receives any &s;en&s;ible Impre&s;&s;ion in the Womb; for &s;o much as all Alterations in the <HI>Embryo</HI> mu&s;t be produc'd by the Nouri&s;hment convey'd to the Stomac. This e&s;tabli&s;hes an early Corre&s;pondence betwixt it and the Spirits, and lays the la&s;ting Foundation of their future Intimacy.</P>
<P N="4">4. That the Spirits are liable to the &s;ame material Altera|tions with the Blood.</P>
<DIV4 N="1" TYPE="chapter">
<HEAD>CHAP. I. <HI>Of immoderate Watchings.</HI></HEAD>
<P>WE are &s;aid to wake when the Spirits are di&s;tributed through the Organs of Sen&s;e, and extend their Fi|bres. On the contrary, Sleep unbends the Fibres, and im|pri&s;ons the Spirits. The Privation of which cau&s;es Di&s;or|ders in the Body.</P>
<P>The immediate Cau&s;e of Watchfulne&s;s is a continued or violent Incur&s;ion of Spirits into the Organs of Sen&s;e. The
<PB N="436" REF="219">remote Cau&s;e, barring &s;ome external Object, mu&s;t either be the Di&s;order of the animal Spirits, or &s;ome defect in the Brain. The Spirits are oft-times too nimble and moveable, as in young People and &s;uch as feed high, and drink gene|rous Liquors. The Heat of Summer, or travelling in a hot Climat, eating of Veni&s;on, immoderat Care, Study, and the Pa&s;&s;ions of the Mind, the acce&s;&s;ion of foreign heteroge|neous Particles from malignant Di&s;tempers, or drinking Tee and Co&s;&s;ee, are the natural Cau&s;es of the Mobility and Di&s;|order of the Spirits, and con&s;equently of Watchfulne&s;s. As for the Brain, Watchings will in&s;ue upon the Openne&s;s of its Pores, occa&s;ion'd by a Dryne&s;s, or want of Moi&s;ture to fill up the Intervals. This may happen through Fa&s;ting, or eating of &s;harp volatil Meats, immoderat Venery, Sweat|ing, &s;moaking Tobacco (which, tho it be an Opiat, ex|hau&s;ts the Moi&s;ture of the Brain) an un&s;ea&s;onable U&s;e of purging Medicines, or a Deficiency in the fir&s;t Dige&s;tion, which not only affects the Spirits by Con&s;ent, but robs the Brain of its wonted Recruits, in neglecting the regular di&s;tri|bution of the Chyle.</P>
<P>This Di&s;ea&s;e is manife&s;t of it &s;elf. As for Progno&s;tics; It infers a Weakne&s;s and Feeblene&s;s. 'Tis more &s;ufferable in Youth than in a State of Manhood, and among Men than a|mong the Female Sex. It portends ill in acute Di&s;tempers. But in Chronical Di&s;ea&s;es may be longer endur'd, tho 'tis oft-times follow'd by Phren&s;ies, Folly, or Stupidity.</P>
<P>The Cure is perform'd by taking off the remote Cau&s;es. If it be caus'd by the Inflammation and Impetuo&s;ity of the Blood, a Vein mu&s;t be open'd. If the Blood be &s;harp and oppre&s;s'd with heterogeneous Particles, Purgation and Sweat|ing take place. If it &s;pring from the Di&s;order of the animal Spirits, they mu&s;t be reduc'd to Order by the u&s;e of pacific Medicines, &s;uch as <HI>Opium</HI> or <HI>Laudanum opiatum,</HI> or their Compounds. <HI>Bartholetus</HI> commends the E&s;&s;ence of <HI>Opium</HI> prepar'd with Spirit of Vitriol or Spirit of Cockle; <HI>Ens Veneris,</HI> which con&s;i&s;ts of Vitriol and Salt Armoniac, and likewi&s;e the Anodvn Sulphur of Vitriol are proper in this ca&s;e. But in u&s;ing Opium, we ought to ob&s;erve the&s;e Cau|&s;ions: Not to exhibit it when the Watchings are owing to the Efforts of Nature, endeavouring a Solution of a Di&s;ea&s;e; or when attended with a &s;traitne&s;s in the Brea&s;t, or diffi|culty of Breathing; or when they proceed from the defici|ency and want of Spirits, as in old Men, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> The milde&s;t Opiats are the &s;afe&s;t. Let them be given in &s;mall Quantities, and repeated often, As,</P>
<PB N="437" REF="219">
<P>Take of the Con&s;erve of wild Poppy Flowers one Dram, Venice Treacle or Dia&s;cordium half a Dram, <HI>Laudanum Opiatum</HI> one Grain. Make a Bolus. Or,</P>
<P>Take of native Cinnabar fifteen Grains, <HI>Saccharum Satur|ni</HI> eight Grains, <HI>Laudanum Opiatum</HI> one or two Grains; with the Extract of Saffron make Pills to be taken in the Evening, about an hour before Supper. The Seed of Thorn Apple is of excellent u&s;e in this ca&s;e.</P>
<P>As for the Watchings which ari&s;e from the Dryne&s;s and Openne&s;s of the Brain, moi&s;t and cooling, Medicines are mo&s;t proper: &s;uch as Emul&s;ions, and other oily temperat Compo&s;itions.</P>
<P>Take of the four greater cold Seeds, of each half an Ounce, Garden Poppy Seeds two Drams, &s;weet Almonds from two Drams to half an Ounce; with a &s;ufficient quanti|ty of the Water of Water Lillies make an Emul&s;ion. Add of Cinnamom Water half an Ounce, and &s;weeten it with Syrup of Poppies. Or the Emul&s;ion may be accommodated to whatever acute Di&s;temper accompanies the Watchings; as in a malignant Fever,</P>
<P>Take of &s;weet Almonds and Garden Poppy Seeds, of each two Drams; of the four greater cold Seeds, of each a Dram: With Viper Gra&s;s Water make an Emul&s;ion: &s;weeten it with pearl'd Sugar, and add half an Ounce of Ci<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">namom Water, and a Scruple of Bezoar Mineral. It pacifies the Spirits, and obviats the Malignity of the Di|&s;temper.</P>
<P>The Decoction of Barley with Poppies and Liquorice is much applauded. And in general all moi&s;t, nouri&s;hing, milky, chilous Medicines are very conducive in this ca&s;e<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">, e&s;pecially the Seed of Thorn Apple; of the Fruit we make Pills thus:</P>
<P>Take of Thorn Apples &s;ix Pound, brui&s;e and boil them in twelve Pints of Lettice Water to eight Pints; ex|pre&s;s the Decoction, and dige&s;t it in the Sun: &s;prinkle it with Spirit of Wine, and &s;et it to dry. To an Ounce of the Juice thus thicken'd and dry'd add half an Ounce of Saf|fron, and two Scruples of the Oil of Citron Peel. Make a Ma&s;s for Pills. Do&s;e a Grain or two. It procures Sleep, and &s;tops all Fluxes.</P>
<P>In the Watchings of old Men, or &s;uch as proceed from a &s;carcity of Spirits, or a frigid Crudity in the Stomac, Opi|ats are inconvenient: Comforting and aromatic Medicines are only proper.</P>
<PB N="438" REF="220">
<P>Some give Opiat Cly&s;ters or Suppo&s;itories to procure Sleep; but 'tis a dangerous Method, unle&s;s the Watchings be accompany'd with a Loo&s;ne&s;s or Pains in the Guts.</P>
<P>Be&s;ides the internal U&s;e of moi&s;tening and quieting Medi|cines, &s;ome apply them outwardly to the Forehead, Tem|ples, Feet and Hands. They foment and bathe the extreme Parts with the Decoctions of Anodyn and Emollient Vege|tables, &s;uch as Camomile, Night-&s;hade, Water-Lillies, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> They apply Emul&s;ions to the Forehead and Temples, or Liniments made of the emollient Oils. <HI>Sanctorius</HI> affirm'd that all the&s;e external Applications were of no u&s;e. <HI>Prime|ro&s;ius</HI> was of the &s;ame Opinion.</P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 N="2" TYPE="chapter">
<HEAD>CHAP. II. <HI>Of Exce&s;&s;ive Sleep.</HI></HEAD>
<P>SLeep is accounted <HI>preternatural</HI> when the Spirits do not re|pair to the external Organs in their wonted Sea&s;on, but continue lock'd up within the Brain. If a &s;carcity of Spirits, and extreme Weakne&s;s, occa&s;ion a &s;hutting of the Eyes, 'tis not properly Sleep, but Swooning: As in the ca&s;e of hy&s;teric Fits and Weakne&s;s after Child-birth, there fir&s;t appears as it were a violent Inclination to &s;leep, which pre&s;ently ter|minates in Swoonings.</P>
<P>If the Sleep be &s;o profound, that the Per&s;on does not wake when jogg'd or call'd upon, but remains de&s;titute of all Sen&s;e and Motion, except Re&s;piration, 'tis call'd a <HI>Carus;</HI> and if it proceed from any internal Cau&s;e, is a &s;ort of Apo|plexy, and requires the &s;ame Cure. The external Cau&s;es are exce&s;&s;ive Drinking, &s;moaking Tobacco, u&s;ing Narcotic Medicines, the Steams of &s;ulphurous Minerals or ferment|ing Liquors, or new Plai&s;tering upon the Walls of the Hou&s;e, and &s;uch like.</P>
<P>When the Per&s;on doats in his Sleep, and readily an&s;wers upon a Call, but continues &s;en&s;le&s;s, and pre&s;ently drops a&s;leep again, 'tis call'd a Sleeping <HI>Coma.</HI> If the Fancy be awake while the external Sen&s;es are &s;hut up by Sleep, and attended by frantic Outcries and irregular Motions of the Members of the Body, 'tis call'd a waking <HI>Coma;</HI> which &s;eldom comes alone, but is generally follow'd by Phren&s;ies and Con|vul&s;ions, and di&s;appears upon their Removal.</P>
<P>Sometimes the &s;trength of Imagination is &s;uch, that while the Per&s;on is a&s;leep, he not only &s;peaks and moves, but gets
<PB N="439" REF="220">up and walks about, and attempts many fearful things, that when awake he would &s;hrink to think of. This is rather a natural Infirmity, than a proper Di&s;ea&s;e. It is influenc'd by the Moon, and &s;eems to be near akin to Hypocondriac Me|lancholy.</P>
<P>If the &s;ick Per&s;on be &s;eiz'd with a &s;leepy <HI>Coma,</HI> and with|al a &s;low Feaver, and a forgetfulne&s;s of what he does, &s;peaks, or demands, 'tis call'd a Lethargy; which is the only &s;leep|ing Di&s;temper that requires Con&s;ideration in this place.</P>
<P>The immediat Cau&s;e is the dulne&s;s of the Spirits. The re|mote Cau&s;es are, 1&s;t, A Paucity of Spirits, occa&s;ion'd by Bleeding, Venery, Watching, Fatigue, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> 2dly, A watry or pituitous Humour, &s;eparated from the Blood by the Glan|dules of the Brain, that blocks up the Pa&s;&s;ages and drowns the Spirits. Thus Children, Hydropic and Arthritic Per&s;ons, and tho&s;e of a Phlegmatic moi&s;t Con&s;titution, are ofttimes obnoxious to this Di&s;temper. The Stone in the Kidneys, or any thing that &s;uppre&s;&s;es the evacuation of the <HI>Serum,</HI> will give ri&s;e to a <HI>Lethargy.</HI> 3dly, Narcotic Medicines, and &s;ulphu|rous Liquors, or poi&s;onous Fumes; which &s;tupify the Spirits, by making &s;uch alterations in the Humors of our Body, as are apt to produce a Numne&s;s. Thus the very Humors of our Body turn Narcotic, and have the like influence upon the Spirits; as new Wine by fermentation acquires a &s;tupi|fying Quality, which formerly it had not. 4thly, The &s;tagnation of the Blood, Contu&s;ions, or Tumors in the Brain; which compre&s;s the Spirits, and &s;traiten their Pa&s;|&s;ages.</P>
<P>Sleep di&s;tingui&s;hes the&s;e Di&s;tempers from all others. The particular Symptoms that di&s;tingui&s;h one &s;leepy Di&s;temper from another, may be gather'd from what is already &s;aid.</P>
<P>As for Progno&s;tics: Sleep in general is a bad <HI>Omen,</HI> and is more or le&s;s to be &s;u&s;pected, according to the degree of &s;leeping. A <HI>Coma</HI> is very dangerous in the height of an acute Feaver. If the Feaver intermit, or be accompany'd by evacu|ations, 'tis le&s;s hazardous, except it happen in the beginning. A <HI>Lethargy</HI> generally brings Death in &s;even days: If the &s;ick Per&s;on &s;urvive the &s;eventh day, he recovers. If 'tis fol|low'd by evacuations by Stool, by the No&s;trils, the Ears, or &s;alivating Glandules, 'tis a tolerable &s;ign, e&s;pecially if the Feaver and other Symptoms relent. If the Symptoms are heighten'd, and the Body in the <HI>interim</HI> oppre&s;s'd by other Di&s;tempers, e&s;pecially tho&s;e of the Head, together with cold Sweats, 'tis a de&s;perat Ca&s;e. A Phren&s;y preceding a Le|thargy,
<PB N="440" REF="221">makes it mortal: whereas if it follow after, 'tis a &s;ign of Recovery. If a Trembling &s;ucceed, it portends ill. If it come of its own accord, without the impul&s;e of an ex|ternal Cau&s;e, 'tis mortal.</P>
<P>In the Method of Cure, we mu&s;t have regard to the re|mote Cau&s;es abovemention'd. If a Lethargy proceed from a prevalency of &s;erous or pituitous Humors in the Blood, and con&s;equently in the Brain, Blood-letting is for the mo&s;t part nece&s;&s;ary, both by way of Aver&s;ion, Derivation, and Revul&s;ion. It may be repeated according to the former &s;trength of the Patient. 'Tis better to bleed often, and draw forth but little at a time, than to take it all at once. In the beginning of a Lethargy from this Cau&s;e, 'tis not im|proper to inject the following Cly&s;ter.</P>
<P>Take of Wormwood, le&s;&s;er Centory and Rue, of each a handful; Pellitory Roots three Drams; Pulp of <HI>Coloquyntida</HI> ty'd in a Bag, from half a Dram to a Dram; boil them in common Water: To nine Ounces of the &s;train'd Liquor, add Electuary of <HI>Hiera</HI> with <HI>Agaric</HI> one Ounce, Ox Gall thicken'd a Dram; Volatil Salt of Amber half a Dram, and the yelk of one Egg (or, if you de&s;ign to make it very &s;harp, half a Dram of Sal-gem) mix for a Cly&s;ter. Or,</P>
<P>Take of <HI>A&s;arabacca</HI> (or Tobacco) Leaves, the Herb Rue, the Flowers of le&s;&s;er Centory, Flowers of Arabian Stechas, of each half a handful; Bryony and Gentian Roots, of each half an Ounce, Pulp of Coloquyntida ty'd in a Bag a Dram and a half; boil them in common Water, or human Urin: in &s;eventeen Ounces of the &s;train'd Liquor, di&s;&s;olve of E|lectuary of Hiera and Agaric one Ounce, Ox Gall thicken'd a Dram, E&s;&s;ence of Ca&s;tor two Scruples; make a Cly&s;ter. Or</P>
<P>Take of the Pouder of Hiera with Agaric a Dram and a half; Mice Dung, Ox Gall thicken'd, of each a Dram, with a &s;ufficient quantity of Honey of Ro&s;emary Flowers, or Honey of Rue: make a Suppo&s;itory to be anointed with Oil of Myrrh or Coloquyntida.</P>
<P>If the&s;e prove ineffectual, 'tis proper to apply a bli&s;tering Plai&s;ter; as, Take of the Pouder of Spani&s;h Flies, from a Scruple to two Scruples, Pouder of Euphorbium from half a Scruple to twelve Grains; Ca&s;tor in Pouder, from fifteen Grains to a Scruple; with half an Ounce, or an Ounce of Capital Lees: make a bli&s;tering Plai&s;ter to be appli'd to the pit of the Neck, or behind the Ears, or to the back of the Head, or to the Arms or Legs. 'Tis a very effectual Medi|cine in this Ca&s;e.</P>
<PB N="441" REF="221">
<P>If the Patient reap any Benefit by the&s;e pre&s;criptions, then 'tis time to pre&s;cribe Vomits and Purges. The Antimonial Vomits are be&s;t. As for purging Medicines,</P>
<P>Take of Ca&s;tor two Scruples, and prepar'd Scammony one Scruple, mix for two Do&s;es to be exhibited in <HI>Oxymel.</HI> Or,</P>
<P>Take of <HI>Quercetanus</HI>'s <HI>Extractum Phlegmagogum,</HI> from half a Scruple to a Scruple, Ca&s;tor half a Scruple, Troches <HI>Alhandal</HI> two Grains, Ro&s;in of Jalap one, two or five Grains. With the E&s;&s;ence of Ca&s;tor make Pills: To which you may add &s;ome &s;weet Mercury.</P>
<P>Next to evacuating Medicines, we exhibit the &s;harp Vo|latil Cephalics, which di&s;pel the &s;erous Humour, and di&s;en|gage the Spirits; &s;uch are Spirit of Salt Armoniac, Spirit of Mu&s;tard Seeds, Spirit of the Lilly Convally, Salt of Am|ber, and e&s;pecially Ca&s;tor. The Decoction of Tee is much commended in all &s;leepy Di&s;tempers. The &s;harpe&s;t Cephalic Medicines are be&s;t. As</P>
<P>Take of Marjoram and Rue Water, of each an Ounce and a half, Apoplectic Water &s;ix Drams, E&s;&s;ence of Ca&s;tor a Dram and a half, Spirit of Soot two Scruples, Syrup of Betony one Ounce. Mix, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Or,</P>
<P>Take of the Spirit of Mother of Thyme, Spirit of Citron Peel, of each a Dram and a half; Spirit of Human Blood one Dram; Mix. Or,</P>
<P>Take of the Con&s;erve of Sage, Con&s;erve of Ro&s;emary and Lavender Flowers, of each one Ounce, the Pouder <HI>Dianthos</HI> a Dram and a half, Pouder of Cubebs a Dram, Mu&s;tard-&s;eeds and Ca&s;tor of each two Scruples; with the Syrup of Piony Flowers make an Electuary.</P>
<P>If the Lethargy proceed from a narcotic Virulency that has &s;eiz'd the Spirits, then the Volatil Acids are mo&s;t pro|per, e&s;pecially the Volatil &s;pirit of Vitriol, and the Volatil Spirit of Verdigree&s;e: They are given from twenty to thir|ty Drops in any convenient Vehicle; to which Ca&s;tor al|ways ought to be added, it being an admirable &s;pecific in the&s;e Ca&s;es. When a Lethargy proceeds from this cau&s;e, pre&s;cribe thus,</P>
<P>Take of black Cherry Water, Mother of Thyme Wa|ter, of each an Ounce and a half, <HI>Mya&s;ichtus</HI> his Hy&s;teric Vinegar, or Vinegar of Squills half an Ounce, E&s;&s;ence of Ca&s;tor two Drams, Oxymel of Squills &s;ix Drams; mix, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Or,</P>
<P>Take of prepar'd Amber a Dram, Cinnabar of Antimony half a Dram, Ca&s;tor two Scruples; make a Pouder for four Do&s;es.</P>
<PB N="442" REF="222">
<P>After the u&s;e of the&s;e Medicines, the Cure may be com|pleated by the Sudorific decoctions of Woods, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P>Next &s;ucceed the &s;neezing and chewing Medicines, which evacuate by the Mouth and No&s;e. To this purpo&s;e are the &s;harp, pointed, irritating Medicines, which ought always to be mix'd with Volatil Salts; that &s;o while the one irritates and provokes to an evacuation, the other may penetrate and prepare the Humor. As</P>
<P>Take of Pouder of Tobacco, Pouder of Lilly Convally, of each a Dram, white Hellebor Roots a Scruple, Ca&s;tor from twelve Grains to a Scruple, di&s;till'd Oil of Marjoram &s;ix drops; make a Pouder to be blown into the No&s;trils thro a Quill. Or</P>
<P>Take of white Hellebor, Ca&s;tor, white Pepper, of each a Scruple; the di&s;till'd Oils of Rue, of Marjoram and Sage, of each two drops; mix and make a Pouder for the &s;ame U&s;e. This pre&s;cription was peculiar to <HI>Timaeus.</HI> Or</P>
<P>Take of Treacle of <HI>Andromachus,</HI> two Drams, Extract of Ca&s;tor half a Scruple, Pouder of Pellitory Roots, one Scru|ple, di&s;till'd Oil of Amber &s;ix Drops; mix and make a Me|dicine for clean&s;ing the Palat.</P>
<P>To the&s;e we add the external Remedies. As,</P>
<P>Take of the di&s;till'd Oil of Sage half a Dram, the di&s;till'd Oils of Ca&s;tor and of Amber, of each a Scruple; mix and make an Oil; with which anoint the Face and Temples, Or</P>
<P>Take of the di&s;till'd Oils of Rue, of Savory, and of Mo|ther of Thyme, of each a Scruple, Ca&s;tor half a Scruple. With a &s;ufficient quantity of &s;ome convenient Bal&s;am, mix and re&s;erve for U&s;e. Or</P>
<P>Take of Swallow Water prepar'd with Ca&s;tor, two Oun|ces; the Spirit of the Cry&s;tals of Verdigrea&s;e, two Drams; mix and foment the Face and Temples with i<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">&punc; Or</P>
<P>Take of Vinegar of Rue two Drams, Spirit of Verdi|gree&s;e prepar'd with Sulphur, two Drams; E&s;&s;ence of Ca&s;tor a Dram and a half; mix and u&s;e as before. Or thus,</P>
<P>Take of the Herbs Savory and Rue, of each half a handful, Zedoary half an Ounce, Juniper-berries &s;ix Drams, Laurel|berries half an Ounce, Mu&s;tard Seeds and the Seeds of Water Cre&s;&s;es, of each two Drams; boil them in a &s;uffici|ent quantity of Vinegar, and foment the Face and Temples.</P>
<P>The Spirit of Vitriol and Vinegar applied to the No&s;trils, are of admirable u&s;e again&s;t feaveri&s;h <HI>Coma</HI>'s. As for the waking <HI>Coma</HI>'s, a Catapla&s;m of a fre&s;h Hor&s;e Radi&s;h Root beat up with Rue, Vinegar, common Salt, and a &s;ufficient quantity of Lees, may be applied to the Feet.</P>
<PB N="443" REF="222">
<P>If the Lethargy proceed from Mercurial or Sulphurous Fumes, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> let a Vomit be exhibited upon the fir&s;t view; then apply Vinegar and Ca&s;tor to the No&s;e, and likewi&s;e give it inwardly. Or thus,</P>
<P>Take of Mint Water, of Rue Water, of Rue Vinegar, of each an Ounce, E&s;&s;ence of Ca&s;tor &s;ix-Drams, Syrup of Mint, or of the Juice of Citrons, one Ounce; mix, and let the Patient take a Spoonful often.</P>
<P>Where the immoderate U&s;e of Opium cau&s;es a Lethargy, Vinegar of Rue, or of Squills, or of Vitriol, mix'd with Ca&s;tor is a &s;overeign Remedy; or if that prove ineffectual, add Mu&s;tard Seed, or Rocket Seeds; or inject a Cly&s;ter of Spani&s;h Wine.</P>
<P>If any &s;leepy Di&s;temper en&s;ue upon hard Drinking, let a Vomit be fir&s;t exhibited; then foment the Forehead and Temples with Vinegar, mix'd with the Juice of Smallage; or apply the juice of Sengreen the greater, with Vinegar and Nitre, to the <HI>Scrotum.</HI> Spirit of Salt Armoniac, or of Soot are very &s;erviceable in this Ca&s;e.</P>
<P>Upon the whole, the Remedies made u&s;e of in a Lethargy mu&s;t be particularly appropriated to the Cau&s;e that produc'd it. If it proceed from an external Cau&s;e, Vomiting and the u&s;e of Vinegar with Ca&s;tor, will fini&s;h the Cure: If it owe its Original to an internal Cau&s;e, or be preceded by other Di&s;tempers, the Cure mu&s;t be vary'd according to the re|&s;pective Indications.</P>
<P>There is a near re&s;emblance betwixt the&s;e Di&s;tempers, and what we call a <HI>Catalep&s;is;</HI> in which the Patient is de|priv'd of all Sen&s;e and Motion, and &s;eiz'd with a &s;tiffne&s;s in his Members, tho moveable by any external impul&s;e, and apt to remain in the po&s;ture they're left in. It is an uncommon Di&s;temper, and very &s;urpri&s;ing, being accompany'd with a &s;taring of the Eyes, and di&s;tortion of the Countenance.</P>
<P>The Cau&s;e is the coagulation and fixedne&s;s of the Spirits: it may remotely proceed from Cold, &s;uppre&s;&s;ion of the Terms, Hypocondriac Fits, Worms, &s;ulphurous Fumes, and di&s;content of the Mind.</P>
<P>It is a dangerous Di&s;ea&s;e. As for the Cure, exhibit Anti|monial Vomits, and apply &s;harp Catapla&s;ms or Suppo&s;ito|ries; Spirit of Wine is us'd in this Ca&s;e both Internally and Externally.</P>
</DIV4>
</DIV3>
<DIV3 N="2" TYPE="section">
<PB N="444" REF="223">
<HEAD>SECT. II. <HI>Of the Di&s;orders of the external Sen&s;es.</HI></HEAD>
<P>EXternal Sen&s;e proceeds from the influence of outward objects upon the Organs, where the Nerves are in|&s;erted. The Animal Spirits ought naturally to bend and extend the&s;e Nerves; &s;o that when the outward Extre|mities are mov'd, the &s;ame motion may readily be commu|nicated to the Spirits in the Brain. This &s;econdary motion of the Spirits within, occa&s;ion'd by the impul&s;e from without, is the foundation of internal Sen&s;e; by virtue of which we form Idea's exactly parallel to the motion of the external Object. Thus, when the Arm is cut off, there ofttimes remains an imaginary pain, as if deriv'd from the fir&s;t Finger.</P>
<P>The&s;e outward Sen&s;es are five in number, among which that of &s;eeing is ju&s;tly intitled to the noble&s;t Character.</P>
<DIV4 N="1" TYPE="chapter">
<HEAD>CHAP. I. <HI>Of the Di&s;ea&s;es belonging to the Eyes.</HI></HEAD>
<P>THE Rays of Light are either convey'd to us in a direct line from a luminous Body, or reflected from the &s;ur|face of a dark &s;olid Sub&s;tance. If this reflecting Body be &s;mooth and poli&s;h'd, the Rays are return'd in the &s;ame con|dition and manner as they're receiv'd; if it be rough and unequal, they &s;uffer various determinations according to the re&s;pective Figures and Texture of the Parts: from whence en&s;ues the admirable variety of Colours.</P>
<P>The&s;e Rays terminat in the <HI>Retina,</HI> where they form the inverted image of the Object, after having &s;uffer'd a <HI>Decu&s;|&s;ation</HI> in the Cry&s;tallin Humor: And the &s;ize of this imagi|nary Picture is augmented or dimini&s;h'd according to the proportional largene&s;s of the Angles of <HI>Inter&s;ection.</HI></P>
<P>The &s;en&s;e of &s;eeing may be extingui&s;h'd or dimini&s;h'd, when the Rays of Light have not a free acce&s;s to the Eye, as when the Eyelids are &s;eiz'd with a Pal&s;y; which is cur'd by applying a Plai&s;ter of Tacamahac and Caran, or di&s;till'd Oil of Tartar with Wax; or an Ointment of Bal&s;am of Peru and <HI>Aqua Vitae.</HI></P>
<PB N="445" REF="223">
<P>Sometimes the Rays are not admitted, by rea&s;on of a Web, or preternatural Tunicle covering the Eye: which proceeds from a corro&s;ion of the Glandule in the internal cor|ner of the Eye, by the &s;harpne&s;s of the Serum, and &s;ome di&s;order of the general Coat call'd <HI>Adnata.</HI> The nutritious juice of this Coat, and the Serum &s;eparated by the Glan|dule being thus vitiated, congeal into a thicker Sub&s;tance, which encrea&s;es by degrees, and at length covers the whole Eye. If the &s;mall blood Ve&s;&s;els, adjacent to the Glandule, be likewi&s;e vitiated, &s;ome &s;trokes of Blood appear in it, which is a &s;ign of Malignity; and if it be thick, rough, and painful withal, it approaches to a Cancer, and ought not to be meddled with. If it be thin, clear, and white, 'tis a good Sign. If it be inveterat, or attended by a &s;uffu&s;ion, 'tis &s;afe&s;t not to touch it.</P>
<P>In curing the Di&s;ea&s;es of the Eyes, the following Cautions are fit to be taken notice of. 1&s;t. That all &s;harp irritating Medicines are improper. 2. That they ought to be neither very cold nor very hot, but temperat. 3. That when the Humors are &s;harp, and apt to inflame the part, Wine is not convenient. Tho, 4. when a cold moi&s;ture prevails, Wine, Fennel, Eyebright, and e&s;pecially the Decoction of Sa&s;&s;a|fras, are incomparable internal Remedies. 5. That drinking of Spaw-Waters is very conducive in the end, tho it &s;eem to offend the Eyes at fir&s;t. 6. That <HI>Alcali</HI>'s are always pro|per. <HI>Quercetanus</HI> prepar'd an excellent Water, thus,</P>
<P>Take of Childs Urine half a Pound, white Vitriol and Tutty, of each four Ounces, juice of Celandin two Pounds; let them &s;tand to dige&s;t for &s;ome days; then di&s;til and re|&s;erve the Spirit for u&s;e. Others thus,</P>
<P>Take of the Roots of Celandin the greater, and of Vale|rain, of each one Pound; of the Herbs Rue and Eyebright, of each four handfuls, Ani&s;eeds, Fennel-&s;eeds, Lovage|&s;eeds, of each two Ounces, Marygold-flowers, Ro&s;es, Bor|rage-flowers, and flowers of Comfrey the greater, of each four handfuls, and fifteen Crabfi&s;hes; chop 'em all &s;mall, and pour upon them equal quantities of the weak Spirit of Vitriol, and juice of Celandin: let them &s;tand to dige&s;t for a Month, then di&s;til, putting a dram of Camphyre into the Alembic; re&s;erve one half for u&s;e, add to the other half two Drams of <HI>Crocus Metallorum;</HI> let it &s;tand for the &s;pace of two Hours, and then &s;train it. 'Tis an admirable Water for the Eyes. <HI>Hartman</HI>'s Eye Water was thus prepar'd.</P>
<PB N="446" REF="224">
<P>Take of Fennel Water, Anni&s;eed Water, of each a Pound. Di&s;&s;olve in them half an Ounce of the pure&s;t white Vitriol. Then infu&s;e in it the Roots of Elecampane in Pouder: Strain the Liquor, and re&s;erve it in a Gla&s;s. Or,</P>
<P>Take of the Water of the Flowers of Comfrey Royal, of Blew-bottle Flowers, of Night-&s;hade Flowers, of each an Ounce: White Vitriol from half a Scruple to twelve Grains. To the &s;train'd Liquor add half a Dram of prepar'd Tutty. Let it be dropt into the Corner of the Eye, or applied with a warm Cloth.</P>
<P>The be&s;t Method of u&s;ing the&s;e liquid Remedies, is that the Patient be laid flat on his Back, and the Liquor drop'd into the Eye; and then the Eye mu&s;t be carefully cover'd.</P>
<P>Bli&s;tering Plai&s;ters and I&s;&s;ues are very proper; as al&s;o a moderate u&s;e of &s;neezing Medicines.</P>
<P>To return to the Web upon the Eye. It ought to be re|mov'd either by re&s;olving Medicines, or by the help of a Needle. And afterwards A&s;tringents ought to be applied. In order to the former, Sugar Candy, Honey, burnt Harts|horn, Egg-&s;hells, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> are very proper either by way of Pouder, or form'd into an Ointment. <HI>Quercetanus</HI>'s Oph|thalmic Water is generally us'd. 'Tis this;</P>
<P>Take of Eye-bright Water, Fennel Water, and Water of Celandin the greater, of each one Ounce, <HI>Crocus Metal|lorum,</HI> or Gla&s;s of Antimony, or Buttyr of Antimony a Scruple, let it &s;tand warm for the &s;pace of two or three Weeks: then &s;train the Liquor, and drop it while warm into the Eye; for all cold things are hurtful to the Eyes. Or,</P>
<P>Take of the Gla&s;s of Antimony pouder'd from half a Scru|ple to fifteen Grains, infu&s;e it in Water of Blew-bottle Flowers, Eyebright and Fennel Waters of each one Ounce. Let them &s;tand in a warm place over Night. In the Morn|ing &s;train the Liquor, and add &s;ix Grains of Camphyr. Or,</P>
<P>Take of Sal-gem a Dram, di&s;&s;olve it in Ro&s;e-water and Fennel-water, of each one Ounce; mix for a <HI>Collyrium.</HI></P>
<P>The Gall of a Pike and &s;everal other Fi&s;hes, al&s;o a Water drawn from human Gall, or from young Goo&s;e Dung, are by &s;ome re&s;erv'd for No&s;trum's. The following Water is incomparable, and much us'd.</P>
<P>Take a Ve&s;&s;el of Bra&s;s; pour into it half a Pound of quick Lime Water prepar'd with Water of Comfrey Roy|al; and add half a Dram of Salt Armoniac. Let them &s;tand till the Color alter.</P>
<PB N="447" REF="224">
<P>The Juice of Celandin mix'd with the Dew gather'd from Fennel, or Eye-bright Water, is a great Specific in this ca&s;e.</P>
<P>As for Pouders, white Vitriol leads the Van. Sometimes they're diluted with Waters, as,</P>
<P>Take of White Vitriol a Dram, prepar'd Tutty, Sugar Candy, <HI>Collyrium Albi Rha&s;is,</HI> of each four Scruples, Cam|phyr &s;ix Grains, Ro&s;e Water, Vervain Water, and Wa|ter of the Flowers of Eye-bright, of each four Ounces. Mix. 'Tis good for removing Inflammations, as the following is for taking off the Web.</P>
<P>Take of the Bone of a Cuttle one Scruple, Sugar Candy one Dram, white Vitriol half a Scruple, prepar'd Tutty half a Dram: Mix for a Pouder. <HI>Riverius</HI> pilfer'd this Pre|&s;cription out of <HI>Poterius,</HI> and was not &s;o ju&s;t as to take any notice of its Author. If you plea&s;e you may dilute it with Celandin and Royal Comfrey Water, of each one Ounce.</P>
<P>Take of Blood-&s;tone half a Scruple, white Vitriol fifteen Grains, Myrrh and Saffron of each five Grains, white Su|gar Candy one Scruple; make a Pouder; or mix it with &s;ome convenient Water, and apply it to the Web with a Feather.</P>
<P>If &s;uch Medicines prove ineffectual, we mu&s;t have Re|cour&s;e to &s;ublimat Mercury. <HI>Plempius</HI>'s wonderful <HI>Arcanum</HI> was this.</P>
<P>Take of &s;ublimat Mercury from five Grains to half a Scru|ple, di&s;&s;olve in Ro&s;e Water, Eye-bright Water, and Fen|nel Water, of each one or two Ounces: Touch the Web with a Drop or two of this Liquor every Morning and Even|ing.</P>
<P>The Juice of red Ants expre&s;s'd and drop'd into the Eye is of wonderful Succe&s;s.</P>
<P>Having thus con&s;ider'd the fir&s;t Ob&s;tacle to the pa&s;&s;ing of the Rays of Light, the next is when the Horn Coat or White of the Eye is di&s;order'd. This may happen, 1. When it is unequally nouri&s;h'd; or &s;ome Parts of it elated, while the others are depre&s;s'd, by rea&s;on of the Vi&s;ci|dity of the nutritious Juice. 2. When white Scars remain in this Coat, after the &s;mall Pox or any other Ulcer. 3. When by an external Accident the Blood is forc'd out of its Ve&s;&s;els, and creates an Inflammation.</P>
<P>The Signs are the&s;e. In the fir&s;t ca&s;e this Coat appears white and thick. In the &s;econd we di&s;cover as it were a white Spot upon the Eye. The third is known by the blue livid Colour that attends it.</P>
<PB N="448" REF="225">
<P>Children are more ea&s;ily cur'd of the&s;e Maladies than adult People. If they are of a long &s;tanding, 'tis a diffi|cult matter to remove 'em: only the la&s;t is generally more tractable.</P>
<P>As for the Cure: The Vi&s;cidity of the Chylous Juice, and the Scars upon the Coat, ought equally to be remov'd by at|tenuating &s;harp Medicines; which ought to be &s;omewhat &s;harper in the latter than in the former ca&s;e. The Seeds of <HI>Clary</HI> applied to the Eye, are converted into a Mucilage by the Lymph which waters tho&s;e Parts, and thus prove an in|comparable Medicine in this ca&s;e.</P>
<P>The Gall of a Pike, or of a Partridg, and Ox Gall, or a Water di&s;till'd from it, are much commended: they are us'd with the Water of Frogs Spawn. If the Scars or Clouds in the Eye &s;ucceed the Small Pox, exhibit what follows.</P>
<P>Take of Fennel Water two Ounces, of the Gall of an Eel from a Dram to a Dram and a half, Sugar Candy in fine Pouder a Dram: Mix, and let them &s;tand warm for the &s;pace of a Night.</P>
<P>The Spirit of Urine di&s;till'd with Vitriol, the Juice of Eye-bright or. Fennel new drawn, mix'd with a little Bal|&s;am of <HI>Peru,</HI> or rather the Juice of Fennel, mix'd with Su|gar of Lead, are very proper to this purpo&s;e.</P>
<P>The Liver of a Lamprey melted into an oily Liquor, is accounted a Specific: 'Tis a &s;harp Medicine, and ought only to be applied to the Eyelids, unle&s;s the Malady be inveterat. The Scar may be gently anointed with Oil of Paper or burnt Rags, with a Feather, or with the white Water of Honey. If the Cloud or Scar be inveterat, take the yellow Water of Honey, or the following compound Water.</P>
<P>Take of Honey from the Combs two Pound, tops of El|der Flowers, Eye-bright and Fennel tops, of each half a handful, Sugar Candy four Ounces. Di&s;til in the <HI>Balneunt Mariae</HI> with a &s;trong Fire.</P>
<P>The Juice of Celandin the greater, or of Rue, or of Brook|lime or its. Water, either drop'd into the Eye alone, or mix'd with Honey of Ro&s;es, are of excellent u&s;e: As al&s;o the Water of quick Lime with Sal Armoniac, as above pre|&s;crib'd; or <HI>Platerus</HI>'s famous Experiment, e&s;pecially if the Serum be &s;harp or apt to inflame the part, <HI>viz.</HI></P>
<P>Take of the Pulp of four Apples half a Pound; chop 'em &s;mall, and boil them in Ro&s;e-water and Fennel-water, to the Con&s;i&s;tency of a Mucilage. Then add two or three Ounces of the Mucilage of Fenugree Seeds, and two or three
<PB N="449" REF="225">Yelks of Eggs, half a Dram or a Dram of prepar'd Blood|&s;tone, and two Drams of the Rinds of Pomgranats pou|der'd. Mix and make a Catapla&s;m, to be applied and conti|nually kept upon the clo&s;ed Eye, and renewed twice a day.</P>
<P>The Waters di&s;till'd from Cichory Flowers, or Blew|bottle Flowers, according to <HI>Schroder</HI> and <HI>Hoffman</HI>'s Me|thod: Fennel Water with the Gall of an Eel; the Pouder of the Bone of a Cuttle with white Sugar; the compound Pouder of Crabs Eyes, and the Scales of a Serpent, either blown into the Eye, or diluted with a convenient Vehicle, are all noted Specifics.</P>
<P>But above all &s;ublimat Mercury is the mo&s;t effectual Me|dicine, exhibited as above.</P>
<P>When Children are &s;eiz'd with the&s;e Di&s;tempers, the Nur&s;e or Mother may chew a little Fennel Seed, and then breathe upon the Child's Eye, or touch it with her Tongue.</P>
<P>When the Eye is beat black and blew by an external Ac|cident, apply Cloths dipt in Chervil-water, Hy&s;&s;op-water, or the Water of Blew-bottle Flowers. The chewing of Cumin Seed, or Fennel-Seed, or Cloves, and then breathing upon the Eye, is a celebrated Remedy. Fomentation with Wine, in which the tops of Hy&s;&s;op have been boil'd, is ve|ry &s;ucce&s;sful; but for a forlorn Hope take what follows.</P>
<P>Take of Comfrey Roots &s;ix Ounces, the Roots of <HI>Solo|mon</HI>'s Seal two Ounces; Elder Flowers an Ounce and a half, Meal of Beans one Ounce: mix; and u&s;e them by way of Decoction or Catapla&s;m, or reduce them with fre&s;h Butter into the form of a Liniment. Or,</P>
<P>Take of the Roots of Comfrey the greater, and of the le&s;&s;er, of each half a Pound, Chamomile and Melilot Flow|ers, of each two Ounces, Meal of Beans four Ounces, fre&s;h Butter three Ounces, Fenugrec Seeds one Ounce, Saffron half an Ounce: Boil them and foment with the Decoction; which is better than a Catapla&s;m, by rea&s;on that all fat oily things offend the Eyes. Or,</P>
<P>Take of Blew-bottle Flowers, and Flowers of Comfrey Royal, of each a little handful; tops of Hy&s;&s;op half a hand|ful, Comfrey Roots three Drams, Roots of <HI>Solomon</HI>'s Seal a Dram and a half; chop and beat them &s;mall, and then boil them in a &s;ufficient quantity of Wine. Add to two or three Ounces of the &s;train'd Liquor two or three Drams of Spirit of Wine camphoriz'd.</P>
<P>If there happen a Collection of Matter under this Coat, it mu&s;t be drawn forth by the hand of a Surgeon.</P>
<PB N="450" REF="226">
<P>Sometimes little Bli&s;ters appear upon this and the <HI>native</HI> Tunicle, which are caus'd by the &s;uppre&s;&s;ion of &s;harp Hu|mours. They are cur'd by applying <HI>Hartman</HI>'s vitriolated Water, or a &s;imple Solution of white Vitriol; or by blow|ing the following Pouder into the Eye.</P>
<P>Take of prepar'd Calaminar Stone half a Dram, prepar'd Tutty half a Scruple, Sugar of Lead half a Scruple: mix, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> If the Bli&s;ters are open'd, the Water of the Whites of Eggs is very proper.</P>
<P>Having thus di&s;patch'd the Di&s;orders that may affect the Coats of the Eye, let us next con&s;ider tho&s;e of the watry Humor.</P>
<P>The watry Humor is indi&s;pos'd when a vi&s;cid Matter is mix'd with it, and interrupts the Rays of Light. This is call'd a <HI>Suffu&s;ion.</HI> If the Matter harden into a Membran, 'tis call'd a Cataract. It generally &s;ticks clo&s;e either to the Horn, or Grape Tunicle, and &s;eems to proceed from a pre|ternatural Exten&s;ion of its membranous Fibres. 'Tis always &s;eated in the watry Humor, tho it &s;ometimes appears before the Coat call'd <HI>&V;vea,</HI> and &s;ometimes behind it.</P>
<P>If this Membran cover the whole Eye, the Sight is quite lo&s;t; if it cover but the half, the Object appears half'd; if it exceed not the bigne&s;s of a &s;mall Point in the middle of the Eye, and the Circumference is left open, the Objects appear as if holes were made in them. This la&s;t ca&s;e is a true Suffu&s;ion.</P>
<P>The Signs are the&s;e. In the beginning the Patient com|plains of Flies, Smoak, Cobwebs, Filaments, and &s;uch like, before his Eyes; the Color of Objects is alter'd; and they appear either multiply'd, half'd, or cut a&s;under. Thus by degrees the &s;ight is darken'd, and the Apple on the Eye grows dusky. Some are &s;eiz'd with Cataracts all of a &s;udden, without any preceding Signs. If the Colour of the Eye turn perfectly white, 'tis a compleat Suffu&s;ion.</P>
<P>As for Progno&s;tics; a young Suffu&s;ion is curable by the u&s;e of Medicines, but an inveterat one is only to be cur'd by a chirurgical Operation. If Light when brought near be quite imperceptible, Surgery it &s;elf can afford no Relief. If the Eye affected be watry, and its Apple dilated while the other Eye is compre&s;s'd, 'tis &s;ome Incouragement for a ma|nual Operation. If not, 'tis a de&s;perate ca&s;e. If the Cata|ract be not ripe, and come to a &s;ufficient Con&s;i&s;tency, it ought not to be touch'd with a Needle, for fear the divi&s;ion of it &s;hould di&s;turb the watry Humor, or it reunite and be|come
<PB N="451" REF="226">come more callous than before. If it be of a long &s;tanding, it &s;ticks &s;o clo&s;e to the Coats of the Eye, that it cannot be &s;eparated without rending them. An a&s;hy colour'd Cataract is generally ripe in five or &s;ix Months. But if white, it re|quires as many years. If blew or green, 'tis incurable. If yellow, it mu&s;t be taken in time, el&s;e it becomes hard like a Horn. If the Cataract appear perfectly white, it is a &s;ign of Ripene&s;s, and withal of its remarkable Thickne&s;s. In old Age a confirm'd Cataract from an internal Cau&s;e in one Eye portends the Inva&s;ion of another in t'other Eye; and if couch'd, it generally returns. If the Headach either precede or accompany a Cataract, 'tis an ill Omen.</P>
<P>In the Method of Cure, regard mu&s;t be had to the de|grees of the Suffu&s;ion; if the Patient be only mole&s;ted with the appearance of Flies, Hairs, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> before his Eyes, 'tis in its fir&s;t degree. When the&s;e filaments that cau&s;e &s;uch ap|pearances are gather'd into a Membran, 'tis arriv'd at the &s;econd degree: If the Membran be &s;o thick and confirm'd that there remains no manner of Sight, 'tis fini&s;h'd to the la&s;t degree.</P>
<P>In the fir&s;t degree Medicines are only proper. In the &s;econd they may likewi&s;e take place, but yield to manual Operation.</P>
<P>Internally we u&s;e Hoglice, Eyebright, Vipers boil'd in Ophthalmic Waters, the Decoction of Woods, Celandin, Vervain, Fennel, Betony, and &s;uch like.</P>
<P>The external Remedies mu&s;t be very penetrating; Anti|monials are preferable to all others, by rea&s;on of an Acid &s;ubtil Sulphur couch'd within 'em. As,</P>
<P>Take of Gla&s;s of Antimony in Pouder, from half a Scru|ple to fifteen Grains; infu&s;e in Water of Elewhottle Flow|ers, Evebright-Water, and Fennel-Water of each one Ounce. Let them &s;tand warm for the &s;pace of a Night; in the Morning &s;train the Liquor, and add &s;ix Grains of Camphyr-Drop it into the Eye, while the Patient is laid on his back. Or,</P>
<P>Take of the Eggs of Ants four Ounces, and thirty Galls of Lampreys; mix and di&s;til with a &s;low Fire. It yields a muddy Water, which ought to be &s;train'd and applied to the Cataract in the Evening.</P>
<P>The di&s;till'd Water of human Dung; with the Gall of a Lamprey, and Sugar-Candy di&s;&s;olv'd in it, is much commend|ed. Celandin the Greater, and River Crabs half putrified and di&s;till'd, yield an Alcalin Water, of excellent U&s;e.</P>
<P>If the&s;e Medicines prove ineffectual, we mu&s;t have re|cour&s;e to <HI>Quercetanus</HI> his Ophthalmic Water prepar'd from
<PB N="452" REF="227">a Child's Urine, and Vitriol: to which the juice of Celan|din may be added.</P>
<P>The White of an Egg harden'd, and fill'd with white Vitriol and Sugar Candy, and hung up in a Cellar, melts into a Liquor, which if diluted with Eyebright Water, is of admirable U&s;e in this Ca&s;e.</P>
<P>The Spirit of Salarmoniac &s;harpen'd with Quicklime is the mo&s;t penetrating Spirit, and preferable to Spirit of Wine, in which we are wont to dip Rags, and apply them to the Eye.</P>
<P>Bli&s;tring Plai&s;ters, I&s;&s;ues and Setaces are &s;erviceable in the beginning, but are of no u&s;e in an inveterat Suffu&s;ion. In room of them we may u&s;e what follows.</P>
<P>Take the Roots of Mezereon, and macerat them in Wa|ter in which Nitre has been di&s;&s;olv'd, or in the Lees of Wine-a&s;hes, and afterwards dry them. Make a little hole in the teap of the Ear with a Needle, and put &s;ome of this Root thus prepar'd into it, after the manner of an I&s;&s;ue. It drains a great deal of Matter from the Head and Eyes.</P>
<P>In an inveterat ca&s;e, 'tis probable a Salivation procur'd by Mercury may be &s;erviceable. <HI>Fon&s;eca,</HI> Mr. <HI>Boyle,</HI> and <HI>Schenkius,</HI> were of the &s;ame Opinion.</P>
<P>Be&s;ides the genuin Suffu&s;ion above-mentioned, we meet &s;ometimes with a &s;purious &s;ort, which en&s;ues upon Hypo|chondriac Fits, long Fa&s;tings, and the Paroxi&s;ms of inter|mitting Fevers. It generally depends upon the Di&s;orders of the Stomac, and oft-times di&s;appears upon eating, or at lea&s;t is cur'd by &s;tomachic Medicines, <HI>viz.</HI> Aloe, Ma&s;tic and Gin|ger.</P>
<P>A Cataract ought likewi&s;e to be carefully di&s;tingui&s;h'd from what we call a <HI>Glaucoma,</HI> that is, when the Chry&s;tal|lin Humor lo&s;es its Per&s;picuity, and a&s;&s;umes a grey dusky Colour. Old People are naturally obnoxious to it, by rea|&s;on of their &s;carcity of Moi&s;ture. For if we take out the Cry&s;tallin Humor, and put it betwixt us and Objects, it magnifies them; but if we dry it or boil it in hot Water, it becomes thick and untran&s;parent. 'Tis in vain to attempt the Cure in old Per&s;ons. If the Patient be young, we fo|ment the Eye with Spirit of Wine, or a Cloth dipt in it, and apply'd to the Eye over Night. Or infu&s;e Borrage or Buglo&s;s Flowers in Spirit of Wine, and then u&s;e it. Some commend a Tincture of Buglo&s;s extracted with weak Alum Water, and the di&s;till'd Water of the Whites of Eggs.</P>
<P>Thus much for the Ob&s;tacles which may embarra&s;s the
<PB N="453" REF="227">Pa&s;&s;age of the Rays of Light. If the Patient be in&s;en&s;ible of their Influence when they have a free Admi&s;&s;ion, the fault mu&s;t lie in the optic Nerve, and 'tis call'd a <HI>Gutta Se|rena.</HI></P>
<P>Ob&s;tructions or Compre&s;&s;ions of the optic Nerve inter|rupt the Pa&s;&s;age of the Spirits to the Eye, and &s;o cau&s;e the Blindne&s;s. And a Tumor, or Collection of watry Humors in the Brain, or a violent Commotion occa&s;ion'd by a Fall, Sneezing, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> An un&s;ea&s;onable U&s;e of &s;udorific Medicines, or the Tran&s;lation of a morbific Matter to the Head, may occa&s;ion this Di&s;order of the optic Nerve within the Brain.</P>
<P>If nothing di&s;turb it within the Brain, the Error mu&s;t be lodg'd in its Expan&s;ion call'd the <HI>Retina,</HI> as when it becomes paralytic, languid, or otherwi&s;e indi&s;pos'd by a Blow upon the Eye, a Fall upon the hinder part of the Head, violent Sneez|ing, &s;trong Convul&s;ions, or a continu'd gazing on the Sun or full Moon; the Violence of who&s;e Rays weakens and re|&s;olves the Fibres of the Tunicle. Colic Pains, and e&s;pe|cially exce&s;&s;ive Venery (a mortal Enemy to the Eyes) may produce the &s;ame effect. Child-bearing Women are &s;ometimes &s;eiz'd with this Di&s;ea&s;e, which di&s;appears upon their Delivery. In like manner it is &s;ometimes caus'd by a Suppre&s;&s;ion of the terms, and vani&s;hes upon their Return.</P>
<P>A <HI>Gutta Serena</HI> is di&s;tingui&s;h'd from the other &s;orts of Blindne&s;s by this; that the&s;e advance by degrees, according to the gradual Di&s;order of the part which cau&s;es 'em: Whereas it &s;eizes on a &s;udden, and quickly arrives at its height. The Signs drawn from the Dilatation and Con&s;tri|ction of the Apple of the Eye are not to be credited.</P>
<P>This Di&s;ea&s;e is not ea&s;ily cur'd. If the Nerves be tore, or the Sight quite gone, there is no hope. Old People ne|ver recover, for the Relaxation of the Optic Nerve is natu|ral in them. If the Cau&s;e be moveable, and the Di&s;ea&s;e yet imperfect, there remains &s;ome ground of Hope.</P>
<P>Among the internal Medicines, tho&s;e which evacuat by Stool and Sweating are fir&s;t in order. Vomits are not &s;afe, nor &s;trong Purgations. The meeke&s;t Purgatives, &s;uch as the Pills call'd. <HI>Aloephanginae,</HI> or the Decoction of <HI>Senna</HI> with Agaric and Salt of Tartar, are only proper on this occa|&s;ion. Or, they may be join'd with Alteratives, thus.</P>
<P>Take of the Herb Eye-bright one handful, Betony Flow|ers, Flowers of Comfrey Royal, Blew-bottle Flowers, of each two little handfuls: Leaves of Senna without the Stalks one Ounce, Roots of black Hellebor, and of common Spurge
<PB N="454" REF="228">the greater, of each two Drams: Fennel Seeds, Cubebs, and Cardamoms, of each three Drams: Salt of Tartar one Dram: Cut and beat them &s;mall to be ty'd in a Bag, and infus'd in Wine. Of which exhibit a Draught to the Patient Morning and Evening.</P>
<P>Sa&s;&s;afras and the &s;udorific Woods are be&s;t for Sweating. As for <HI>Alteratives,</HI> the mild oily Aromatics which are tinctur'd with a gentle Bitterne&s;s, are only proper. All &s;harp and fierce Medicines inwardly taken are very offen&s;ive to the Eyes, as Onyons, Garlic, Spirit of Sal Armoniac, Hor&s;e Radi&s;hes, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Therefore they ought to be carefully avoided. Eye-bright and all its Productions are admirably good. Next to it are Valerian, Celandin the greater, Lo|vage, Fennel, Juniper Berries, <HI>Carduus Benedictus,</HI> Rue, the four hot Seeds, Elecampane and Ro&s;emary. We u&s;e to tie them in Bags to be infus'd in Wine. The following Pou|der is much approv'd.</P>
<P>Take of the Herbs Betony, Celandin the greater, Eye|bright, Lovage, Anifeeds, Lovage Roots, Valerian Roots, and Chinamom, of each a Dram: Cardamoms, Ginger, Galangal, Fennel Seeds, Par&s;ley Seeds, Seeds of Mountain Siler, and of the Herb wild Marjoram, of each half a Dram; Sugar one Ounce; make a Pouder to be taken &s;ome time before eating, as likewi&s;e along with Victuals. Or,</P>
<P>Take of the Pouder of Falcons Dung dry'd two Drams, Fennel Seeds one Dram: Mix, for a Pouder to be taken every day.</P>
<P><HI>Innocent</HI> the 3d was wont to do mighty feats with an Electuary made of Fennel Seeds, the Seeds of Mountain Siler, Smallage, Dill, and Par&s;ley Seeds, with Honey.</P>
<P>Ants, Earthworms and Hoglice, and their various Prepa|rations, are very u&s;eful. Mr. <HI>Boyle</HI> commends the Infu&s;ion of Hoglice in Wine.</P>
<P>If a <HI>Gutta Serena</HI> proceed only from a want of Spirits, occa&s;ion'd by Venery or exce&s;&s;ive Evacuations, there is no|thing &s;o proper as a moderat Diet, and Food of ea&s;y Dige|&s;tion.</P>
<P>As for external Applications, <HI>May</HI> Dew gather'd from Fennel, Antimonial Infu&s;ions, di&s;till'd Waters from the Galls of Fi&s;hes or Goo&s;e Dung, are celebrated Remedies. The Liquor or Oil of the Liver of a Lamprey, the Fat of Vipers, and the Juice of Ants clarify'd by &s;tanding, are all good. The Oil that melts from Earth-worms, Gla&s;s, and fermented Bread, is very effectual; it mu&s;t be &s;train'd thro
<PB N="455" REF="228">a thick Cloth, and &s;harpen'd with a little Camphyr, and gently laid upon the Eye. <HI>Brendelius</HI> admires the follow|ing Ointment.</P>
<P>Take of Honey of Ro&s;emary Flowers, &s;cum'd, Ginger in Pouder, Cloves pouder'd, and common Salt, of each half an Ounce: Mix them for a liquid Ointment; of which put about the bigne&s;s of a Mu&s;tard Seed into the Eye: It will make it &s;mart at fir&s;t, but is a very innocent Medicine.</P>
<P>Chewing and &s;neezing Remedies are likewi&s;e not impro|per. Bli&s;tering Plai&s;ters may be applied behind the Ears, or to the Pit of the Neck, or to the Head it &s;elf; and I&s;&s;ues or Setaces may be cut in the Neck.</P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 N="2" TYPE="chapter">
<HEAD>CHAP. II. <HI>Of the Di&s;orders of the Ear.</HI></HEAD>
<P>THE Sen&s;e of Hearing is occa&s;ion'd by the Motion of the Air in the Ear; and is rendred agreeable or di&s;a|greeable, violent or flat, according to the Proportion of the Air's Impul&s;e upon it, which is communicated to the Brain by a particular Nerve, &s;et apart for that purpo&s;e. This Nerve detaches a &s;mall Branch to the Teeth, which cau&s;es the Sympathy that is ob&s;erv'd upon the approach of any ungrateful Sound.</P>
<P>This Sen&s;e is &s;ometimes weaken'd or quite lo&s;t, and &s;ome|times vitiated. The former may be caus'd by malignant, acute or chronical Di&s;tempers, and is taken for a good &s;ign in Fevers. It in&s;ues upon the cutting off or wounding of the external part of the Ear; which Defect is in &s;ome mea|&s;ure &s;upplied by holding one's Hand or &s;ome artificial In&s;tru|ment in its place. It may be caus'd by an Ob&s;truction in the Pa&s;&s;age for Hearing, or a Di&s;order in the Membran, which pre&s;erves the Nerve and internal part of the Organ from external Injuries. This Membran may be injur'd by violent Sounds, Ulcers in the Ear, or a redundancy of Se|rum in the Brain, which unbends it, and &s;o indi&s;po&s;es it for receiving the Impre&s;&s;ion of the Air. It becomes &s;ometimes paralytic, and liable to Convul&s;ions, and is oft-times affected by the Di&s;orders of the Stomac.</P>
<P>If the Animal Spirits have not a free Pa&s;&s;age in the Hearing Nerve, Deafne&s;s will in&s;ue. Their Pa&s;&s;age may be di&s;turb'd by a wrong In&s;ertion of the Nerve, by a Compre&s;&s;ion or
<PB N="456" REF="229">Ob&s;truction, occa&s;ion'd by external Accidents or Defluxions within, or by the above-mention'd Di&s;orders of the Mem|bran, which is nothing el&s;e but the Expan&s;ion of the Hearing Nerve.</P>
<P>Deafne&s;s is manife&s;t of it &s;elf. The greate&s;t difficulty is to di&s;tingui&s;h the Cau&s;es, which mu&s;t be indeavour'd by in|quiring into the Patient's Con&s;titution, the Accidents that preceded, and the Pa&s;&s;ions or Di&s;orders which accompany it.</P>
<P>In the bu&s;ine&s;s of Progno&s;tics, we mu&s;t have regard to its Companions. If it &s;ucceed to a Chronical Di&s;temper, or be|comes a formal Di&s;ea&s;e by it &s;elf, 'tis a difficult Matter to remove it. In acute Di&s;ea&s;es, if the Urine remain crude, and the Per&s;on is &s;eiz'd with a Deafne&s;s, it portends Doat|ing. If it be accompany'd with the &s;igns of Concoction, it &s;ignifies the Solution of the Di&s;ea&s;e. If attended by a Per|turbation of the Eyes, a Heavine&s;s in the Head, and a Di|&s;tention of the lower Belly, it be&s;peaks a Bleeding at the No&s;e; e&s;pecially if the Patient be apt to rub it. A Deafne&s;s &s;ucceeding to Doating, is a better Circum&s;tance than if it went before.</P>
<P>As for the Cure. In acute Di&s;ea&s;es it di&s;appears upon the Solution of the Di&s;ea&s;e; or if it continue longer, is cur'd by Cupping behind the Ears, or &s;moaking Tobacco, or putting into the Ears a little Cotton dip'd in <HI>Aqua Anhaltina.</HI> If it &s;ub&s;i&s;t by it &s;elf, without any dependance upon other Di|&s;tempers, the Cure mu&s;t be accommodated to the Cau&s;e that produces it. If it ari&s;e from an Ob&s;truction in the Pa&s;|&s;age, occa&s;ion'd by the hardening of the Earwax or other|wi&s;e, 'tis cur'd by injecting the Juice or E&s;&s;ence of Worm|wood, or Child's Urine, or the Spirit of Urine unrectify'd. If it proceed from other internal Cau&s;es, a tender regard mu&s;t be had to the Drum and the hearing Nerve, by pre|&s;erving their due Order with Aromatic and Nervous Medi|cines. In a Catarrhous ca&s;e give internally what follows.</P>
<P>Take of the E&s;&s;ence of Ro&s;emary Flowers, of Saint <HI>John</HI>'s Wort, and of Sa&s;&s;afras, of each two Drams: mix, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P>Amber given inwardly, or apply'd to the Ear in a little Cotton, is an admirable Medicine for old People. Mo&s;ch or Civet, or Bal&s;am of Peru diluted with Spirit of Wine, or <HI>Origanum</HI> Water di&s;till'd with Wine, or the Water of <HI>Car|duus Benedictus</HI> rectify'd by frequent <HI>Cohobation,</HI> are all us'd externally the &s;ame way. If Deafne&s;s be attended by a re|markable Heat in the Ears, the Water that drops from one
<PB N="457" REF="229">end of a piece of A&s;h-wood, while t'other is put into the Fire, or the Water of Ants, or the Water di&s;till'd from Flies, or Magpy Water with Ca&s;tor; or the Juice of Ra|di&s;hes, or of Onions, mix'd with Oil of Amber and Oil of Bitter Almonds, are all applauded Remedies; and are to be us'd with Cotton, or a Linnen Cloth.</P>
<P>Above all, the penetrating Aromatics, as Spirit of Treacle, E&s;&s;ence of Wormwood and of Cloves, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> are preferable. Human Gall, or the Galls of other Animals infus'd in Spirit of Wine, are much commended. Or,</P>
<P>Take of Ox's Gall and Spani&s;h Wine, of each equal Quantities: di&s;til from them a Liquor to be drop'd into the Ear, or applied in Cotton or a Linnen Cloth.</P>
<P>Take of the Roots of black Hellebor half a Dram, Roots of Aromatic Calamus two Scruples, Pulp of Coloquintida a Scruple, Bay Berries a Dram, Cumin Seeds from two Scru|ples to two Drams and a half. Cut and beat them &s;mall, and infu&s;e them in four Ounces of Spirit of Wine: and u&s;e the &s;train'd Liquor as above, or &s;harpen it with E&s;&s;ence of Amber.</P>
<P>All Preparations from Ants are of wonderful u&s;e in this ca&s;e. As,</P>
<P>Take of the Eggs of Ants one Ounce, and &s;ix Galls of Hares; beat them up with a double Quantity of Hony, and then drop it into the Ear. Or,</P>
<P>Take twenty of the little white Worms that are found be+twixt the Bark and Wood of an Oak-tree. Let them boil in two Ounces and a half of the Oil of unripe Olives. Then take the Root of Sowbread, and cut it hollow. Fill the hollow &s;pace with the Oil of the&s;e Worms, and add of prepar'd Pellitory Roots, and of the Roots of Aromatic <HI>Co&s;tus,</HI> from half a Scruple to a Scruple; Oil of <HI>Co&s;tus</HI> or of Rue as much as it can hold. Clo&s;e up the Root and roa&s;t it under the A&s;hes; then brui&s;e it in a Mortar, and with force expre&s;s the Juice; and pour &s;ome Drops of it into the Ear every day for ten ays together. <HI>Timaeus</HI> and <HI>Heertodi|us</HI> recommend it for an incomparable Remedy.</P>
<P>The Fat of Serpents or of Vipers, or the Fat that drops from roa&s;ted Eels, are proper in this ca&s;e, and may be mix'd with the Oil of Amber or Ani&s;eeds.</P>
<P>Some commend a Fumigation of the Ears from a mixture of Sal Armoniac, Oil of Tartar <HI>per Deliquium,</HI> and a dou|ble quantity of Quicklime with common Water.</P>
<P>After the application of the&s;e external Remedies the Ear
<PB N="458" REF="230">ought always to be &s;top'd with Cotton, and Amber or Musk upon it; and the Patient mu&s;t lie upon the &s;ound Ear, that &s;o the Virtue of the Medicines may penetrat the more. Be|&s;ides, 'tis to be remark'd, that oily vi&s;cid Medicines are not &s;o mild as tho&s;e of a thin &s;pirituous Sub&s;tance; and that they ought never to be applied till the Ear be purg'd and wip'd clean. All Medicines thus applied mu&s;t be ju&s;t luke|warm, and two or three Drops may always &s;uffice for one time.</P>
<P>If Deafne&s;s come by Fits, or depend upon a Catarrhous Di&s;po&s;ition of the Brain; ju&s;t before the Inva&s;ion of the Pa|roxi&s;m, 'tis proper to apply to the Crown of the Head a Cloth dip'd in Apoplectic Spirits or Oils.</P>
<P>If it be occa&s;ion'd by a vehement Noi&s;e, 'tis not ami&s;s to apply hot Bread from the Oven with Juniper and Bay-Ber|ries baken into it. Or,</P>
<P>Take of the Herbs Marjoram, Sage, Ro&s;emary, and the Flowers of red Ro&s;es, of each half a handful, Juniper Ber|ries one Ounce, Cumin Seeds half an Ounce; chop and beat them &s;mall, and &s;titch them into a Bag, to be applied hot; or wet with a convenient Vehicle.</P>
<P>A Fumigation receiv'd at the Ear from a Decoction of Filings of Steel, with di&s;till'd Vinegar and Cephalic Herbs, or from the Flowers of Sulphur, is much e&s;teem'd. After the Fumigation is over, apply to the Ear di&s;till'd Oil of Fen|nel with Cotton.</P>
<P>In Chronical or Catarrhous Ca&s;es the hot Baths are very proper, both for Bathing and Pumping upon the Head. An I&s;&s;ue cut in the Arm of the &s;ame &s;ide with the affected Ear, is likewi&s;e very u&s;eful on this occa&s;ion.</P>
<P>If Deafne&s;s be caus'd by a Fall, Contu&s;ion, or external Violence, di&s;till'd Soubread Water is a proper Remedy; and a Plai&s;ter made of equal Quantities of Tacamahac and Cerecloth of Betony may be applied to the Head &s;hav'd. Hot Urine taken from a hunted Hare is commended by &s;ome.</P>
<P>If any Ob&s;truction or &s;uch like cau&s;e give ri&s;e to a Deaf|ne&s;s, 'tis probable a Salivation procur'd by Mercury may be u&s;eful. But 'tis a de&s;perate Cure, and mu&s;t be cautiou&s;ly un|dertaken.</P>
<P>Thus I've di&s;patch'd the fir&s;t Branch of the Di&s;orders of the Ear; the next is when the Sen&s;e of Hearing remains, and the Patient is mole&s;ted with a tingling or noi&s;e in his Ears. It proceeds from a preternatural Motion of the internal Air
<PB N="459" REF="230">contain'd in the Cavity of the Ear, which affects the Fibres of the Drum, and &s;o repre&s;ents an imaginary Sound.</P>
<P>This Motion may be occa&s;ion'd by &s;ubtil foreign Fumes exhal'd from the Blood in the adjacent Arteries, which di|&s;turb the Repo&s;e of the internal Air; or by the Irritation or violent mi&s;placing of the Drum from any internal or ex|ternal Cau&s;e. Convul&s;ions of this Membran may be occa|&s;ion'd by the Inflammation of the Blood in a Headach or Fea|ver, and in that ca&s;e vani&s;h upon bleeding at the No&s;e: Or by a Catarrh, or Tran&s;lation of morbific Matter, as in the Declen&s;ion of Feavers, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P>If a Tingling in the Ears accompany other Di&s;tempers, it affords the &s;ame Progno&s;tics as Deafne&s;s. If it &s;ub&s;i&s;t by it &s;elf, it is not very dangerous, unle&s;s it be inveterat, in which ca&s;e it proves a Forerunner of an Apoplexy. If it proceed from frequent Blows, it terminates in a total Privation of Hearing.</P>
<P>The Cure is perform'd by the &s;ame Medicines as above|mention'd; e&s;pecially Fumigations, and the Application of Aromatic Spirits and Oils.</P>
<P>Take of the Leaves and Flowers of Chamomil one hand|ful: Dill or Sage, Marjoram, Ro&s;emary, of each half a handful; Millet Seeds to&s;ted one Ounce, drv'd Salt half an Ounce; chop them &s;mall, and make a quilted Bag, to be applied warm to the Ear.</P>
<P>The Vapor of new Bread from the Oven, with Cumin Seeds, Fennel Seeds, Ani&s;eeds, Origanum, Mother of Thyme, and Bay-Berries, fermented and bak'd with it, is &s;ometimes u&s;eful, but not always. The Oil of Oak-worms above pre|&s;crib'd, or expre&s;s'd Oil of Peach Seeds, with Peach Flow|ers infus'd in it, are very proper. Or,</P>
<P>Take of white Hellebor and Ca&s;tor, of each two Drams; &s;weet Co&s;tus a Dram and a half, Rue two Scruples, Euphor|bium half a Dram; Oil of Bitter Almonds, or Peach Seeds, one Ounce. Boil them gently in a &s;ufficient quantity of Oil of Rue, and apply it to the Ear with Cotton. Or,</P>
<P>Take of the Roots of white Hellebor three Drams, Bay|leaves and Rue of each half a handful: A&s;h-leaves one hand|ful: Boil them in Oil of Bitter Almonds, or of Nut's with White or Spani&s;h Wine, till the Wine be con&s;um'd. Ex|pre&s;s the Oil, and apply it to the Ear. Or infu&s;e the Sim|ples in Spirit of Wine, and extract and E&s;&s;ence for the &s;ame purpo&s;e.</P>
<P>Fumigation from a Decoction of Mu&s;tard-&s;eeds in Wine
<PB N="460" REF="231">is commended. In a pituitous Con&s;titution apply what fol|lows.</P>
<P>Take of the Oil of Henbane, and of Rue, of each half a Dram; di&s;til'd Oil of Marjoram half a Scruple, Ca&s;tor &s;ix Grains, Saffron four Grains: Mix, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P>If it proceed from a Fall, Contu&s;ion or external Violence, take a Spoonful of the Spirit of Scurvy-gra&s;s, and half a Spoonful of fre&s;h Juice of Onyons, and four or five Drops of di&s;till'd Oil of Spike. Mix and drop it into the Ear.</P>
<P>In Plethoric and young Per&s;ons 'tis not ami&s;s to breathe a Vein in the Arm, and exhibit &s;ome mild &s;neezing Medi|cines. If it come by Fits, follow the Cour&s;e pre&s;crib'd a|bove. If it attack Hypochondriac Per&s;ons, it generally pro|ceeds from the Di&s;orders of the Stomac and lower Belly, and is cur'd by Chalybeats, Carminatives, and volatil uri|nous Salts, together with the u&s;ual Specifics.</P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 N="3" TYPE="chapter">
<HEAD>CHAP. III. <HI>Of the Sen&s;e of Feeling, and the Di&s;orders 'tis obnoxi|ous to.</HI></HEAD>
<P>THE third Sen&s;e is that of Feeling, occa&s;ion'd by the In|fluence of external Objects upon the nervous Glandules &s;eated in the Skin. 'Tis true, the nervous Fibres within the Body that are not glandulous, are deeply &s;en&s;ible of the lighte&s;t touch; but their Sen&s;e is painful and preternatural, whereas that of the Glandules is equal and agreeable to Na|ture. Upon which account Feeling is their peculiar Proper|ty; and the Liver which has no Nerves or nervous Glan|dules is de&s;titute of that Sen&s;e.</P>
<P>This Sen&s;e is quite extingui&s;h'd in Apoplexies, Pal&s;ies, and &s;tupifying Di&s;ea&s;es. Of which more in their proper places.</P>
<P>The mo&s;t remarkable Depravation of the Sen&s;e of Feeling is what we call <HI>Pain;</HI> that is, when the Object makes &s;uch a &s;en&s;ible Impre&s;&s;ion upon the Organ, as to provoke the Ani|mal Spirits to irregular Motions, and di&s;turb the repo&s;e of the nervous Fibres, which readily impart their Di&s;order to the Brain. It may be call'd a convul&s;ive Motion of the Fi|bres; and Experience teaches us, that Convul&s;ions and Pain are reciprocal Cau&s;es to one another.</P>
<DIV5 N="1" TYPE="article">
<PB N="461" REF="231">
<HEAD>ART. I. <HI>Of Pain in general.</HI></HEAD>
<P>THE remote Cau&s;es of Pain are innumerable, for every particular Object has a peculiar way of affecting the Nerves. The external Cau&s;es are manife&s;t: The internal Cau&s;es are generally the Offspring of vicious Acids; which partake of &s;harp and &s;tiff Parts, that are apt to make painful Impre&s;&s;ions upon the nervous Fibres. This Acid for the mo&s;t part owes its being to &s;ome defect in the Stomac and fir&s;t Pa&s;&s;ages; and varies the Nature of the Pain according to its changeable Circum&s;tances. If a volatil &s;harp Acid be join'd to a vi&s;cid Vehicle, it takes deep rooting in the Part, and creates immoveable Aches, as in Venereal and Colis Pains. If the Acid be more gentle, and join'd to a thin Vehicle, it produces a fluctuating Pain. If it proceed from a particular defect in the Part affected, 'tis apt to recur and cau&s;e Relap&s;es. According as this Acid is di&s;pos'd, the Pain is either continu'd or intermitting; it either ob&s;erves &s;et Pe|riods, or attacks indifferently in all Sea&s;ons. And &s;ometimes it cau&s;es Swellings, by contracting the Fibres, and &s;traitning the Pores of the Part, &s;o as to put a &s;top to the Circulation of the Blood.</P>
<P>In order to form a di&s;tinct Idea of Pain, I &s;hall divide it into ten &s;orts. The fir&s;t is a weighty burden&s;om Pain ari&s;ing from a Collection of in&s;ipid or vi&s;cid Matter lodg'd in a le&s;s &s;en&s;ible Part, as the Swelling of the Liver. 2. A pungent Pain arifing from a &s;harp pricking Acid in a membranous part, as in a Pleuri&s;y. 3. A pointed penetra|ting Pain, re&s;embling the Sen&s;e of a Hole made by an Aul, proceeding from a vi&s;cid Matter that partakes of Acidity: As in St. <HI>Anthony</HI>'s Fire and Arthritic Pains. 4. A beating Pain which generally keeps pace with the Pul&s;e of the Ar|tery. It proceeds from a violent Di&s;tention of the Fibres, which are exa&s;perated by the Incur&s;ion of the Blood; as in Headaches, or when ones Finger is prick'd by a Thorn, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> 5. A breaking Pain, peculiar to the <HI>Perio&s;tium,</HI> re&s;embling the breaking of the Bone. 'Tis produc'd by a &s;harp Acid lodg'd in a tenacious Matter: as in Venereal Ca&s;es. 6. A rending or di&s;tending Pain. The former is peculiar to Hy|pochondriac Per&s;ons, and Parts that have no exqui&s;it Sen&s;e, but are inve&s;ted with a &s;en&s;itive Membrane. The latter is
<PB N="462" REF="232">caus'd by Wilid, or any thing that overcharges the Part, and &s;tretches the &s;urrounding Membran. 7. A tearing Pain peculiar to the Membranes, and frequent in &s;corbutic Ca&s;es. 8. A burning Pain, peculiar to Fibres and Membranes, ari|&s;ing from a volatil Acid, and the boiling of the Humors within the Part. 9. A &s;tupid chilly Pain. And, 10. A biting gnawing Pain.</P>
<P>If Pains be accompany'd by an intermitting Pul&s;e, 'tis no ju&s;t Cau&s;e of Fear; for when the former di&s;appears, the lat|ter returns to its wonted Order.</P>
<P>There are three &s;orts of Medicines made u&s;e of for Pains, 1. All Alcali's apt to de&s;troy a prevailing Acid: As Worm|wood, Dill, Elder, Mint, Chamomile, Bay-leaves, Pellito|ry of the Wall, and the other &s;oftening Herbs; Fumigati|ons with Amber, or the Spirit of Amber both inwardly and outwardly. The volatil Remedies prepar'd from human Urine, and the Parts of Animals, are all proper Antidots again&s;t a volatil Acid. As for example:</P>
<P>Take of <HI>Aqua Articularis</HI> (for external u&s;e) from an Ounce and a half to two Ounces, Spirit of Urine or Spirit of Sal Armoniac prepar'd with Quicklime &s;ix Drams, putri|fy'd Earthworms, or Earthworms mix'd with a volatil Salt, two or three Drams: Mix and bathe the Part affected. Or,</P>
<P>Take of the Leaves of Tobacco, of Sage, of Ro&s;emary, of each one handful, Angelica Roots half an Ounce, Roots of Cuckow Pint and Pel&s;itory of <HI>Spain,</HI> of each two Drams, Ro&s;emary Flowers, Lavender Flowers, and Flowers of <HI>Ara|bian Stechas,</HI> of each two little handfuls; Rocket Seeds &s;ix Drams, Ca&s;tor three Drams; pour upon them two Pints of Spirit of Wine, and one Pint of Spirit of Worms. Let them &s;tand warm for &s;ome days in a clo&s;e Ve&s;&s;el. And then &s;train the Liquor to be us'd as above.</P>
<P><HI>Venice</HI> Soap di&s;&s;olv'd in Spirit of Wine is good for Arthri|tic Pains. In ca&s;e of a burning Pain it ought to be mix'd with Water of Frogs Spawn or Spirit of Wine with Cam|phyr and Saffron. Camphyr, Oil of Frogs, and the Oil of the Juice of Dwarf-Elder, and all emollient Oils, are conve|nient in Arthritic Pains. <HI>Paracel&s;us</HI>'s Oil prepar'd from <HI>Galbanum,</HI> with Turpentine, and Oil of Spike, and the Oils di&s;till'd from Aromatic Seeds, from the Bones and Fat of Animals, or from Wax, dige&s;ted with Spirit of Wine, are celebrated Medicines in all Pains ari&s;ing from an Acid. Or,</P>
<P>Take of Bal&s;am of <HI>Peru</HI> one Ounce, di&s;&s;olve it with the
<PB N="463" REF="232">Yelk of an Egg, and add three Ounces of the Spirit of Juni|per Berries, or of Elder Flowers: Mix for external Uncti|on.</P>
<P>The Gums and Plai&s;ters prepar'd from 'em are proper in the ca&s;e of a vi&s;cid Acid. And likewi&s;e Catapla&s;ms of hu|man Dung, or the Dung of Animals with Oil of Ro&s;es. Among Purgatives in this ca&s;e &s;weet Mercury is the be&s;t. And Sudorifics are the be&s;t internal Medicines.</P>
<P N="2">2. All Anodyn Pacific Medicines are us'd for Aches. As Milk, Emul&s;ions, Mucilages or Oils of &s;oftening Herbs. Ca|tapla&s;ms made of white Bread, Milk and Saffron. Or,</P>
<P>Take of the Crum of white Bread a &s;ufficient quantity, let it &s;oak in Cows Milk: Mix it with Yelks of Eggs and fre&s;h Butter, and an Ounce and a half of the Oils of Cha|momile, Dill, white Lillies and Earthworms. Apply it to the Part affected with a warm Cloth. Swallow-water, with Ca&s;tor, Liniments of the Fat of Animals, and emollient Oils, and all oily &s;oftening Liquors or Ointments, are all proper for external u&s;e.</P>
<P N="3">3. Narcotic Medicines &s;tupify the Part, and &s;o le&s;&s;en the Sen&s;e of Pain. But where a vi&s;cid Acid prevails, they are inconvenient. In ca&s;e of a &s;harp Serum they are not ami&s;s. As,</P>
<P>Take of the Hypnotic Ointment two Drams, expre&s;s'd Oil of Nutmegs two Ounces, Oil of Henbane Seeds one Ounce: mix. Or,</P>
<P>Take of Oil of Dill and expre&s;s'd Oil of Poppies, of each a Dram, Oil of Henbane half a Dram: mix.</P>
<P>The Oil of the Seeds of Henbane mix'd with Camphyr, Saffron, and Spirit of Wine, cover'd with fermented Dough, and bak'd in an Oven, yield an incomparable Li|quor for Pains of the Legs.</P>
</DIV5>
<DIV5 N="2" TYPE="article">
<HEAD>ART. II. <HI>Of the &s;harp tearing Pains in the Joints.</HI></HEAD>
<P>THe&s;e Pains are frequently met with in Scorbutic Ca&s;es.</P>
<P>They proceed from a &s;ubtil Acid fix'd in membranous and mu&s;culary Parts: And generally rage more by Night than by Day.</P>
<P>Blood-letting &s;ometimes gives Relief. Bli&s;tering Plai&s;ters conveniently applied, and I&s;&s;ues, are oft-times not impro|per.</P>
<PB N="464" REF="233">
<P>The volatil Sudorifics, Decoctions of Woods, and all vo|latil Alcali Salts, &s;uch as we call Anti&s;corbutic, together with Anodyn Ab&s;orbents, as Chalybeat and Antimonial Pre|parations, are proper to be given inwardly.</P>
<P>Take of the Roots of Swallow-wort an Ounce and a half, Myrtle Leaves one handful, Seeds of <HI>St. Johns Wort,</HI> and choice Rhubarb, of each a Dram and a half. Boil them in common Water, and in &s;ix Ounces of the &s;train'd Liquor di&s;&s;olve an Ounce and a half of the Syrup of Maidenhair. Mix and give it inwardly. Or,</P>
<P>Take of the Shavings of Juniper-wood three Ounces, Sprouts of a young Pinetree two handfuls, of the Herb Ro&s;emary one handful. Infu&s;e them in &s;ix Pints of &s;imple Water, and let them &s;tand over night in a <HI>Balneum Mariae.</HI> In the Morning boil it to four Pints, and give it for a Draught. It has a peculiar Virtue in the Ob&s;tructions of the Glandules about the Head and Chops.</P>
<P>External Medicines mu&s;t be cautiou&s;ly us'd; fat unctuous things are hurtful.</P>
<P>Take of the Spirit of Lilly of the Valley (not much recti|fy'd) four Ounces; Spirit of Sal Armoniac prepar'd with Quicklime two Ounces, E&s;&s;ence of Ca&s;tor half an Ounce: Mix for external U&s;e. Or,</P>
<P>Take of <HI>Aqua Articularis</HI> (for external U&s;e) an Ounce and a half, Spirit of Sal Armoniac &s;ix Drams, Spirit of pu|trify'd Earthworms three Drams: Mix and apply with a warm Cloth. Or,</P>
<P>Take of the Leaves of Tobacco, Leaves of <HI>Origanum,</HI> Flowers of Elder, of each one handful, Roots of Angelica an Ounce, Roots of Cuckow-Pint, and of Pellitory of <HI>Spain,</HI> of each two Drams. Flowers of Arabian Stechas, of La|vender and of Lilly Convally, of each two little handfuls; Rocket-Seeds &s;ix Drams, Ca&s;tor three Drams. Infu&s;e them in two Parts of Spirit of Wine, and one part of Spirit of Earth-worms. Let 'em dige&s;t for &s;ome days. Strain the Liquor for u&s;e.</P>
<P><HI>Venice</HI> Soap di&s;&s;olv'd in Spirit of Wine, and volatil Spirit of Tartar; Catapla&s;ms of Comfrey Roots, and the u&s;e of hot Bathes; are much commended.</P>
</DIV5>
<DIV5 N="3" TYPE="article">
<PB N="465" REF="233">
<HEAD>ART. III. <HI>Of the Toothach.</HI></HEAD>
<P>THE Toothach proceeds from an acid Humor that cor|rodes the Membrane &s;urrounding the Tooth. Some|times the nutritious Juice of the Teeth is vitiated, and cau&s;es the Pain. Sometimes an acid Humor is di&s;till'd from the neighbouring Glandules, or collected in the Cavities of the Bones of the upper Jaw under the Eye, and gives ri&s;e to it.</P>
<P>This Corruption of the Humor &s;ometimes runs to that height, that the Sub&s;tance of the Teeth is eaten away, and little Worms ingendred in 'em.</P>
<P>The Membrane is the original Seat of the Pain, which oft-times &s;eizes the whole &s;ide of the Head, attended by an Inflammation of the Jaw, or a Swelling of the Face. For the nervous Fibres being contracted in Sympathy with the Membrane, the Pa&s;&s;ages of the Blood and other Juices are &s;traitened.</P>
<P>The remote Cau&s;es are a Depravation of the Juices of the Body, and con&s;equently of the nutritious Juice of the Teeth, as in Scorbutic and Venereal Ca&s;es; the u&s;e of acid Liquors, Sugar, or Honey; which ferment and acquire a notable Acid, very prejudicial to the Sub&s;tance of the Teeth.</P>
<P>The Toothach is not dangerous of it &s;elf; but may be follow'd by Convul&s;ions, Inflammations, Tumors and Ul|cers.</P>
<P>If the Tooth be corrupted, it mu&s;t be drawn. If it pro|ceed from a Scorbutic Cau&s;e, Anti&s;corbutics mu&s;t be added to the Remedies exhibited. If from a venereal Cau&s;e, the Decoction of Guajacum, or its Oil, mu&s;t be us'd.</P>
<P>As for the common Remedies, &s;ome u&s;e Decoctions of Herbs. As,</P>
<P>Take of the Herb Ar&s;mart, Mother of Thyme, of each one handful; Dock Roots, Nettle Roots, of each one Ounce; Pellitory (of <HI>Spain</HI>) Roots, the Shavings of Boxwood, the Shavings of <HI>Lignum Sanctum,</HI> of each half an Ounce; Seeds of white Henbane, one Dram. Boil them in a &s;ufficient Quantity of Water. Strain the Liquor for a Gargal.</P>
<P><HI>Heurnius</HI> commends the Decoction of Tobacco with Cha|momile Flowers. Or,</P>
<P>Take of black Pepper, Roots of Pellitory of <HI>Spain,</HI> Seeds of Stave&s;acre, of each an equal quantity: boil them in Wine, and u&s;e it for a Gargal. Or,</P>
<PB N="466" REF="234">
<P>Take of Juniper Gum one Ounce; boil it in a Pint of Wine, for the &s;ame u&s;e. Or,</P>
<P>Take of the Flowers of Spikenard a convenient Quantity: boil them in Wine for the &s;ame u&s;e. Or,</P>
<P>Take of the Extract of <HI>Guajacum</HI> Wood three Grains, <HI>Laudanum Opiatum</HI> two Grains, di&s;till'd Oil of <HI>Origanum,</HI> or of Cloves two Drops. Make Pills to be put into the hol|low Tooth. Or,</P>
<P>Take of the Flowers of <HI>Benzoin</HI> &s;ix Grains, <HI>Opium</HI> di&s;|&s;olv'd in Spirit of Wine and thicken'd three Grains: with a &s;ufficient quantity of the Extract of Triacle, make Pills as above. Or,</P>
<P>Take of <HI>Laudanum Opiatum</HI> one Scruple, Oil of Cam|phyr, Oil of Cloves, of each five Drops. With &s;ome conve|nient Bal&s;am, make a Bal&s;am to be applied to the Tooth.</P>
<P>If the Face be inflam'd, apply a Plai&s;ter of Triacle to the Cheek. Spirit of Sal Armoniac prepar'd with Spirit of Wine and Quicklime, with Camphyr di&s;&s;olv'd in it, appli|ed with Cotton to the Tooth, gives pre&s;ent Relief. The E&s;&s;ence of Sa&s;&s;afras prepar'd with Spirit of Wine is very proper: But above all the E&s;&s;ence of <HI>Benzoin. Elixir Pro|prietatis</HI> prepar'd without an Acid is oft-times u&s;eful. The Aromatic di&s;till'd Oils (e&s;pecially of Savin) mix'd with Oil of Henbane, are preferable to E&s;&s;ences. <HI>Sulphur Auratum An|timonii,</HI> Oils of Amber, Hazel, Boxwood, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> are &s;ome|times &s;ucce&s;sful.</P>
<P>The Surgeons are wont to apply Plai&s;ters to the Temples, or the following Plai&s;ter to the whole Part inflam'd.</P>
<P>Take of Triacle of <HI>Andromachus,</HI> Tacamahac, of each half an Ounce; Bal&s;am of <HI>Peru</HI> a Dram. Spread it upon a Linnen Cloth for u&s;e. If the Toothach cau&s;e an Inflamma|tion like to St. <HI>Antony</HI>'s Fire,</P>
<P>Take of Triacle of <HI>Andromachus,</HI> from half an Ounce to &s;ix Drams; Salt of Wormwood, Bal&s;am of <HI>Peru,</HI> of each a Dram: Mix and apply. If it be attended by a Swelling of the Jaws, 'tis not fit to provoke 'em to Suppuration. But,</P>
<P>Take of Chamomile Flowers, Elder Flowers, of each a handful; Roots of Florentin Orris in Pouder, half an Ounce: mix 'em with expre&s;s'd Oil of Poppies; make a quilted Bag, and apply it hot to the Part affected.</P>
<P>Sometimes indeed there happens a little Tumor in the Gums, at the very Root of the Tooth, which ought to be &s;uppurated by warm Milk or roa&s;ted Figs, and afterwards kept clean with Honey or the like.</P>
<PB N="467" REF="234">
<P>If the Toothach be inveterat, and do not yield to the or|dinary Medicines, 'tis nece&s;&s;ary to purge with Jalap, and let Blood, and apply Cupping-gla&s;&s;es to the Neck and Shoul|ders.</P>
<P>If the Tooth be corrupted, it mu&s;t be drawn with a pro|per In&s;trument. Before drawing 'tis not ami&s;s to apply the following Ointment in order to loo&s;en the Tooth.</P>
<P>Take of Gum Ammoniac, Seeds of Henbane, Juice of Hen|bane, of each a Dram and a half: with the Fat of a green Frog, and a little Wax, make an Ointment.</P>
<P>In the ca&s;e of Worms in the Teeth, the Decoction of Savin in Wine is proper. If the Tooth be rotten, an actual or po|tential Cautery will prevent its further Corruption.</P>
</DIV5>
<DIV5 N="4" TYPE="article">
<HEAD>ART. IV. <HI>Of the Aches of the Eyes.</HI></HEAD>
<P>AN Inflammation, or the &s;harpne&s;s of the Serum, or ex|ternal Accidents, may cau&s;e Pains in the Eyes. If any external thing lurk in the Eye, it mu&s;t be taken out by put|ting a Seed of Clary, or a little Pearl, or Crabs-eye, into it. If the Pain proceed from a &s;pontaneous Inflammation, the Mucilage of Seeds of Quinces extracted with Water of Frogs Spawn, adding five or &s;ix Grains of Camphyr and as much Saffron to three Ounces of Mucilage, ought to be laid upon the Eyes.</P>
<P>Fennel-water with Sugar of Lead and Camphyr is like|wi&s;e proper. Or,</P>
<P>Take of the Water of Celandin the greater, Water of Blew-bottle Flowers and of Larks Spur, of each one Ounce; white Vitriol twelve Grains; &s;train the Liquor, and add half a Scruple of prepar'd Tutty; to be applied to the Eye with a Linnen Cloth.</P>
<P>Of all external Applications, the following Catapla&s;m is the be&s;t.</P>
<P>Take three &s;weet Apples boil'd and &s;queez'd, and ro&s;ted under the A&s;hes, and the White of one Egg well mix'd with two Drams of Loaf-&s;ugar, and twelve Grains of Cam|phyr, with five Grains of Saffron: Mix for a Catapla&s;m to be laid upon the Eye. Some recommend the opening of an Artery in this ca&s;e.</P>
<P>Sometimes we meet with a pre&s;&s;ing, tearing Pain, which comes in an Evening without any evident Cau&s;e, and
<PB N="468" REF="235">&s;eems to proceed from the Convul&s;ions of the Coats of the Eye. In which ca&s;e Antimonial Infu&s;ions are proper. Or,</P>
<P>Take of the Mucilage of Plantain Seeds, Quince Seeds, and Clary, extracted with Water of Frogs Spawn, of each one Ounce; Saffron &s;ix Grains, Camphyr four Grains. Or,</P>
<P>Take of Plantain Water, Fennel Water, of each &s;ix Drams, <HI>Lindanus</HI>'s Sugar of Lead a Dram and a half, pre|par'd Tutty &s;even Grains, Saffron three Grains: Mix for a <HI>Collyrium.</HI></P>
<P>Sometimes Arthritic Pains are u&s;her'd in by a Pain in the Eye-lids, which may be cur'd by applying a bli&s;tering Plai|&s;ter behind the Ears.</P>
</DIV5>
<DIV5 N="5" TYPE="article">
<HEAD>ART. V. <HI>Of Pains in the Ears.</HI></HEAD>
<P>THE Pains of the Ears are for the mo&s;t part occa&s;ion'd by the Di&s;orders of the internal Membran; by Inflam|mations, and the Corro&s;ion of &s;harp Humors, or of Worms either ingendred in the Ear, or receiv'd from without.</P>
<P>An Inflammation is very dangerous, and attended by a remarkable Heat that is not ob&s;erv'd in the ca&s;e of &s;harp Hu|mors. Worms are di&s;tingui&s;h'd by an Itching and Sen&s;e of Motion within the Ear.</P>
<P>As for Cure, the following Catapla&s;m is univer&s;ally ap|plauded.</P>
<P>Take an Onion ro&s;ted under the A&s;hes, with an Ounce and a half of Oil of Chamomile, and half an Ounce of Oil of Dill, with as much fre&s;h Butter, and a Scruple of Saf|fron. It is a &s;overeign Remedy for the Inflammations that follow the Toothach.</P>
<P>The &s;oftening Oils, Infu&s;ions of Tobacco, or the Smoak of it, convey'd into the Ear, and e&s;pecially the Oils of In|&s;ects, are all very proper. As,</P>
<P>Take of the Oil of Scorpions one Dram, Oil of &s;weet (or bitter) Almonds, di&s;till'd Oils of Anni&s;eeds and Caro|ways, of each half a Scruple. Pour it hot into the Ear, or apply it with Cotton.</P>
<P>In the ca&s;e of an Inflammation; Take of the Juice of Hou&s;eleek; Oils of Scorpions, of Earthworms and of Cha|momile, of each a Dram: Mix and u&s;e as above.</P>
<P>If there be no &s;u&s;picion of an Inflammation, the di&s;till'd Vegetable Oils of Origanum, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> are proper. Or,</P>
<P>Take a hundred of the large&s;t Eggs of Ants, Ca&s;tor, Pulp
<PB N="469" REF="235">of Coloquintida, Marjoram, Savin, Wormwood and Rue, of each one handful. The Seeds of Cumin, Ani&s;eeds, Fen|nel-&s;eeds, and Caraway-&s;eeds, of each three Drams. Bay|berries and Juniper-berries, of each half an Ounce; the Rinds of Pomgranats &s;ix Drams; Roots of black Hellebor, of round rooted <HI>Cyperus,</HI> of Radi&s;hes and Sow-bread, of each one Ounce; bitter Almonds two Drams; with &s;even pretty large Onions: Infu&s;e them in a &s;ufficient quantity of Wine, and draw it off from a <HI>Balneum Mariae.</HI> U&s;e as above. Sometimes ye may add a &s;mall quantity of Opium.</P>
<P>If the Pain be occa&s;ion'd by Worms, they ought to be en|tic'd to come forth by pouring in &s;weet Milk, or applying a &s;weet Apple ro&s;ted to the Ear. If they refu&s;e to come forth, they mu&s;t be kill'd by bitter Oils and Juices. As,</P>
<P>Take of the expre&s;s'd Oil of Peach-&s;eeds one Dram, <HI>Quer|cetanus</HI>'s Oil of <HI>Coloquintida</HI> half a Dram, &s;weet Mercury from &s;ix Grains to half a Scruple: Mix and pour it in by Drops, or apply it with Cotton. Or,</P>
<P>Take of Aloe two Drams, Myrrh from a Dram to two Drams, Coloquintida half a Dram, tops of Wormwood half a handful. Boil them in a &s;ufficient quantity of Wine or Water, and u&s;e the &s;train'd Liquor as above.</P>
<P>If an Ointment be more acceptable; take of Salt of Lead, Earwax, and expre&s;s'd Oil of Filberds, of each an equal quantity: Mix, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P>Fumigations by the bitter Herbs and Antimonial Ingredi|ents, are proper both for the Ear and Mouth.</P>
<P>If a Flie creep into the Ear, put a little Turpentin into it: If a Flea, put a little Ball of Dogs-hair: If a Leech, in|ject the Solution of common Salt, or the warm Blood of any Animal.</P>
</DIV5>
<DIV5 N="6" TYPE="article">
<HEAD>ART. VI. <HI>Of Headachs.</HI></HEAD>
<P>SOmetimes the whole Head is &s;eiz'd with an univer&s;al Pain; at other times only a particular part, as the hinder part of the Head in Women, which generally &s;lows from the Di&s;orders of the Womb; the external Membranes &s;urround|ing the Scull, in venereal Ca&s;es; and the internal Membran call'd <HI>dura Mater,</HI> from the Indi&s;po&s;ition of the Blood, which it receives by an infinit number of capillary Veins.</P>
<P>If the Headach be not originally caus'd by &s;ome Di&s;order in the Head, it oft-times proceeds from tho&s;e of the Sto|mac,
<PB N="470" REF="236">the Spleen, the Kidneys, the Womb, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> by rea&s;on of the mutual Commerce e&s;tabli&s;h'd betwixt them and the Head, by virtue of their Membrans and Nerves.</P>
<P>If it proceed immediatly from &s;ome defailance in the Head, it may be caus'd accidentally by external Wounds, u&s;e of Mercury, immoderat Drinking, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> and di&s;appears upon their removal. If it become habitual and inveterat, it pro|ceeds either from an Inflammation of the Blood in the Ve&s;|&s;els of the Brain, or the Depravation of the <HI>Lympha</HI> &s;epa|rated by its Glandules, or a collection of &s;ome heterogeneous Humor which oft-times &s;ettles into a vi&s;cid Con&s;i&s;tency, and creates particular Pains confin'd to narrow Bounds, as the breadth of an Egg, the head of a Nail, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P>The only u&s;e of Signs in this ca&s;e is to di&s;tingui&s;h the Cau&s;es: If 'tis incon&s;tant, and apt to relent, or be accom|pany'd by Di&s;orders in the lower Region of the Body, with|out any vi&s;ible defect in the Head, it is owing to the influ|ence of the&s;e other affected Parts. If it be habitual, or ob|&s;erve &s;et Periods in returning, and be influenc'd by the Sun and Moon, 'tis an e&s;&s;ential Headach. And if it cau&s;e a Sen&s;e of beating, like to that of an Artery, and a burning Heat, it proceeds from the Blood. If it increa&s;e after eating, or vani&s;h after Sleep, it ari&s;es from the Depravation of the Chyle. If attended by a Drou&s;ine&s;s, a &s;en&s;e of Weight, and a &s;eeming Di&s;tention of the Brain, it proceeds from &s;ome &s;erous or vi&s;cid Matter lodg'd in the Head. If fol|low'd by &s;corbutic or venereal Symptoms, they di&s;cover the Cau&s;e.</P>
<P>As for Progno&s;tics. If in Feavers it &s;uddenly vani&s;h with|out any Evacuation, 'tis an ill <HI>Omen.</HI> If attended by grie|vous Symptoms, as Giddine&s;s, Convul&s;ions, Vomiting, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> 'tis not ea&s;ily cur'd. If a drouzy Headach &s;eize a Child-bearing Woman, it is dangerous. If accompany'd by a Coldne&s;s of the external Parts, it betokens an inward In|flammation. 'Tis more &s;u&s;pected in acute than in chronical Di&s;ea&s;es.</P>
<P>In order to a regular Cure, 'tis needful to ob&s;erve the fol|lowing Cautions. 1. If it ari&s;e by con&s;ent with other Parts, it yields to Vomiting, Purging, and the Re&s;toration of the di&s;order'd Part. But if it be e&s;&s;ential and inveterat, fre|quent Evacuations are not &s;o proper as corroborating cepha|lic Medicines.</P>
<P N="2">2. Opiats are not very proper in e&s;&s;ential Headaches. At lea&s;t they mu&s;t be given in &s;inall Do&s;es; and if externally
<PB N="471" REF="236">us'd, mu&s;t not be applied to the Sutures, but to the Tem|ples and Forehead.</P>
<P N="3">3. 'Tis always conducive, excepting the ca&s;e of a malig|nant Feaver, to keep the Belly open.</P>
<P N="4">4. The &s;corbutic Pains of the Head are the mo&s;t ob&s;tinat. The Decoctions of &s;udorific Woods, volatil Salts and Spirits, Milk, Opiats, bli&s;tering Plai&s;ters, and external Anodyn Applications, are proper in &s;uch ca&s;es.</P>
<P N="5">5. In all Headachs the Decoctions of the &s;udorific Woods ought to &s;ucceed to the general Evacuations.</P>
<P N="6">6. Chirurgical Operations are of great u&s;e. If it proceed from the Blood, open a Vein in the Arm, or the Vein of the Forehead, or the Vein betwixt the Thumb and fir&s;t Fin|ger; or apply Leeches to the Temples; or open the Artery that runs along the temporal Mu&s;cle towards the Forehead, which gives pre&s;ent Relief, and is a very innocent Operati|on, if cautiou&s;ly perform'd. If it ari&s;e from a Depravation of the Serum, apply bli&s;tering Plai&s;ters behind the Ears, or over the whole Head; or cut I&s;&s;ues in the Arm, Neck, or Head it &s;elf. Trepanations are &s;ometimes, but very &s;el|dom, convenient. Cupping Gla&s;&s;es are not ami&s;s. But the univer&s;al Evacuations ought to precede all chirurgical At|tempts.</P>
<P N="7">7. If the Headach ari&s;es by Con&s;ent, Vomits are proper. But if it be e&s;&s;ential, Purges are more convenient. As,</P>
<P>Take of the Pills of Ma&s;tic a Scruple; extract of black Hellebor, extract of Ca&s;tor, of each five Grains; Troches Alhandal two Grains; with a &s;ufficient quantity of <HI>Elixir Proprietatis,</HI> make Pills. They are likewi&s;e proper again&s;t the Di&s;orders of the Stomac and lower Belly, which oft-times cau&s;e a Head-ach.</P>
<P>Take of <HI>Crollius</HI> his <HI>Extractum Panchymagogum,</HI> or extract of black Hellebor fifteen Grains; Extract of Vervain &s;even Grains; &s;weet Mercury from half a Scruple to fifteen Grains; Laudanum Opiatum two Drams, Scammony Sulphurated two or three Grains; with a &s;ufficient quantity of the E&s;&s;ence of Saffron, make Pills. Or,</P>
<P>Take of Extract of Agaric half a Scruple, Extract of black Hellebor &s;ix Grains; Aloe prepar'd with Juice of Ro&s;es, Ro&s;in of Scammony, of each three Grains; di&s;till'd Oil of Ro&s;emary Flowers, or of Origanum, one drop. Mix and make Pills. In a pituitous Headach,</P>
<P>Take of the Pills <HI>Aloephanginae</HI> with <HI>Diagrydium</HI> one Scru|ple, Ro&s;in of Jalap &s;ix Grains; with E&s;&s;ence of Amber, make Pills. Or,</P>
<PB N="472" REF="237">
<P>Take of the Con&s;erve of Ro&s;emary Flowers one Dram, Cream of Tartar half a Scruple, Golden Sulphur of Anti|mony five Grains, Ro&s;in of Jalap four Grains. Make a Bo|lus.</P>
<P N="8">8. Ro&s;emary always ought to be added to the &s;udorific Decoctions. The volatil Salt of Amber, Camphyr, the di|aphoretic Preparations of Antimony, and urinous volatil Salts, are proper Alteratives in all Pains of the Head. The Decoction of Tea in Wine or Water, the E&s;&s;ence of Sil|ver, the volatil Spirit of Vitriol, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> are of the like nature.</P>
<P>Take of prepar'd Amber from half a Scruple to fifteen Grains, Cinnabar of Antimony half a Scruple, Laudanum Opiatum one Grain, di&s;till'd Oil of Sa&s;&s;afras one Drop. Mix for a Pouder. Or,</P>
<P>Take of native Cinnabar or Cinnabar of Antimony a Scruple, Extract of the Wood Aloe fourteen Grains, Extract of Ca&s;tor eight or ten Grains, Laudanum Opiatum four or five Grains. Make Pills for four Do&s;es. Or,</P>
<P>Take of the Con&s;erves of Sage Flowers, Ro&s;emary Flow|ers, and Clove Gillyflowers, of each &s;ix Drams; Amber a Dram; native Cinnabar, or Cinnabar of Antimony half a Dram; of the Pouder <HI>Diambra,</HI> and of the Pouder <HI>Dia|mo&s;chus dulcis,</HI> of each two Scruples, with Syrup of Clove Gillyflowers make an Electuary. Or,</P>
<P>Take of black Cherry Water, Vervain Water, of each one Ounce; Water of Lilly Convally prepar'd with Wine &s;ix Drams; the Spirit of Harts-horn with Am|ber two Scruples, Syrup of Betony three or four Drams. Or,</P>
<P>Take of the Spirit and volatil Salt of Harts-horn three Drams; E&s;&s;ence of Opium tartariz'd one Dram: Mix. Do&s;e forty or fifty Drops. Or,</P>
<P>Take of the compound E&s;&s;ence of Ca&s;tor two Drams, E&s;&s;ence of Amber and Spirit of Hart&s;horn with Amber, of each a Dram: Mix. 'Tis profitable in a Catarrhous Headach.</P>
<P N="9">9. Among the external Medicines <HI>Vervain</HI> leads the Van. Next are the Flowers of red Poppies, and the Herb Beto|ny. As,</P>
<P>Take of Betony two handfuls, Wormwood one handful, Cubebs two Drams: Boil them in two Pints of Wine, and foment the Head with the Decoction.</P>
<P>The Root of <HI>Rhodium</HI> may be beat up with Vervain Wa|ter, and applied to the Head in the form of a Catapla&s;m. Or,</P>
<PB N="473" REF="237">
<P>Take of the Root of <HI>Rhodium</HI> an Ounce and a half, Flowers of red Poppies and of Ro&s;es, of each half a hand|ful, with three Poppy-heads: boil them in Water, and ap|ply the &s;train'd Liquor warm to the Forehead and Tem|ples. Or,</P>
<P>Take of Vervain Water, Water of Elder Flowers, Beto|ny Water, of each one Ounce; Pouder of Zedoary half an Ounce: U&s;e as above. <HI>Timaeus</HI> fomented the Head with the following Mixture.</P>
<P>Take of Vervain Water an Ounce, Betony Water, El|der Water, of each half an Ounce; Pouder of Rhodium Roots two Drams, Ro&s;e Vinegar &s;ix Drams: Mix, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P>Emul&s;ions made from narcotic Seeds and cephalic Waters, or Decoctions of cephalic Herbs, are &s;ometimes us'd both in|wardly and outwardly. The following Infu&s;ion is mightily e&s;teem'd.</P>
<P>Take of the Seeds of Henbane one Ounce, Ro&s;e Vinegar five Ounces; put 'em into a Viol well &s;topp'd, and let them dige&s;t in <HI>Balneum Mariae</HI> for five or &s;ix hours. Apply it to the Head with a Spunge.</P>
<P>The Ointment of Alaba&s;ter is us'd in all Pains of the Head. Or,</P>
<P>Take of expre&s;s'd Oil of Poppy Seeds a Dram, expre&s;s'd Oil of Peach Seeds two Drams; expre&s;s'd Oil of Henbane, and di&s;till'd Oil of Dill, of each a Scruple; with a &s;uffici|ent quantity of Wax make a Liniment to be applied to the Temples.</P>
<P>Take of the Extract or thicken'd Juice of Vervain a Dram, expre&s;s'd Oil of Henbane half a Scruple, make a Liniment. 'Tis excellent in &s;corbutic ca&s;es.</P>
<P>Take of Extract of Vervain, and of Dill, of each two Scruples; expre&s;s'd Oil of white Poppies, and of Henbane, of each half a Scruple; di&s;till'd Oil of Dill, and of Chamo|mile, of each five Drops.</P>
<P>In Chronical Aches external Narcotics are of no great u&s;e. They may be fitly exchang'd for a Plai&s;ter of Tacamahac, with di&s;till'd Oil of Amber.</P>
<P N="10">10. If the Headach be caus'd by the Efferve&s;cency of the Blood, a Cly&s;ter ought to be injected before Blood-letting. Ab&s;orbent diaphoretic Pouders and gentle acid Juleps are proper: outwardly we apply the Juice of Hou&s;eleek and Pur&s;lain warm to the Forehead, Temples and Stones; like|wi&s;e Emul&s;ions, and Ointments. As,</P>
<PB N="474" REF="238">
<P>Take of Ointment of Alaba&s;ter three Drams, Triacle of <HI>Andromachus</HI> or <HI>Philonium Romanum</HI> half a Dram, expre&s;s'd Oil of Nutmegs half a Scruple. Make a Liniment. Or,</P>
<P>Take of the fre&s;h Juice of River Crabs three Ounces; Betony Water, Water of Chamomile Flowers, and Water of Elder Flowers, of each one Ounce; Pouder of Zedoary two or three Drams. Make an <HI>Epithema.</HI> Or,</P>
<P>Take of the Herb Vervain, of Violets, of each a hand|ful: Of the Flowers of Ro&s;es, of Elder, and of Violets, of each half a handful. Tie them into a Bag, and boil it in &s;harp Wine.</P>
<P>If a Plai&s;ter be more acceptable, Take of the Plai&s;ter <HI>de Ranis</HI> with Mercury a convenient quantity, of the Plai&s;ter of Betony, and of Alaba&s;ter, of each half as much. Make a Plai&s;ter.</P>
<P>If there be any apprehen&s;ions of Phren&s;ies or Convul&s;i|ons, Take of the Leaves of Rue a handful and a half, Pi|geons Dung an Ounce, common Salt half an Ounce; Capi|tal Lees two Ounces. With Elder Flower Vinegar, make a Catapla&s;m to be applied to the Feet.</P>
<P N="11">11. If a Headach be caus'd by a redundancy or &s;harpne&s;s of the Serum, and the Per&s;on be of a Plethoric Con&s;titution, fir&s;t of all let Blood. If Bleeding be inconvenient, inject a Cly&s;ter, or exhibit a Laxative; then apply bli&s;tering Plai|&s;ters to the Neck, or behind the Ears; and in inveterat Pains, to the Head. In the interim Opiats may be cautiou&s;ly exhibited; and when the Pain relents, Purging, Sweating and diuretic Medicines may take their turns. In order to provoke Sweating and Urine, take what follows.</P>
<P>Take of the Roots of Elecampane, of Avens, and Sar&s;a|perilla, of each &s;ix Drams; Roots of Florentin Orris, and Shavings of Sa&s;&s;afras, of each half an Ounce: Of the Herbs Ro&s;emary, Sage, and Chervil, of each half a handful: Galangal two Drams; Fennel-&s;eeds three Drams. Boil them in a &s;ufficient quantity of Water, and add two Ounces of Syrup of Betony or of red Poppies, to a Pint and a half of the &s;train'd Liquor. Do&s;e, two or three Ounces, twice or thrice a day.</P>
<P N="12">12. If the Pain be fix'd and ob&s;tinat, it ari&s;es from a vi&s;|cid tenacious matter, which ought to be remov'd by the &s;weating Decoctions above mention'd; and applying of Bal&s;am or di&s;till'd Oil of Amber, and the Plai&s;ter <HI>de Ranis</HI> with Mercury, to the Head. When the Sutures of the Head open, this Plai&s;ter is of excellent u&s;e, in which ca&s;e &s;harp Cly&s;ters are al&s;o proper. As,</P>
<PB N="475" REF="238">
<P>Take of the Electuary of Hiera with Agaric four Ounces, Electuary of Bay-berries two Ounces, Pouder of black Hel|lebor Roots an Ounce and a half, the Gall of a Bull thicken'd three Drams. Mix, and add two Ounces to the common Decoction for Cly&s;ters.</P>
<P>For a change; in&s;tead of the Plai&s;ter, the Head may be fomented with this Decoction.</P>
<P>Take of the Herbs Ro&s;emary, Vervain, Betony and Cha|momile Flowers, of each half a handful. Boil them in Wine.</P>
<P N="13">13. If the Pain proceed from Cold, di&s;cu&s;&s;ing Medicines are requir'd. As,</P>
<P>Take of Millet Seeds to&s;ted a convenient quantity; Common Salt dry'd upon the Fire a quarter of that quanti|ty. Quilt them into a Bag: to be fumigated with Gum <HI>Ani|mi,</HI> and applied to the Head. Or,</P>
<P>Take of Millet Seeds to&s;ted a handful, common Salt dry'd over a Fire half a handful; of Vervain (or Betony, or Elder Flowers) and Chamomile Flowers, of each half a handful; Pouder of <HI>Rhodium</HI> Roots half an Ounce. Sow them into a quilted Bag: 'Tis very proper for old Men, as likewi&s;e bli&s;tering Plai&s;ters.</P>
<P N="14">14. If the Headach be caus'd by external Accidents, ap|ply the following Plai&s;ter.</P>
<P>Take of the Gum Hedera (or Elemi) three Ounces, Ro|&s;in half an Ounce, Wax and Turpentin of each three Ounces, Oil of Ro&s;es two Ounces and a half; the Gum <HI>Animi</HI> di&s;&s;olv'd in Vinegar two Ounces, Juice of the Flow|ers of Ivy four Ounces, Meal of Beans as much as &s;ufficeth to make a Plai&s;ter.</P>
<P>The Ointment of Alaba&s;ter, or <HI>Hartman</HI>'s Bag of Amber with the E&s;&s;ence of Pepper, or a Plai&s;ter of Tacamahac with Oil of Amber, are very u&s;eful on this occa&s;ion.</P>
<P N="15">15. If the Pains of the Head are caus'd by Worms, Take of the Pouder of Aloe and of Earthworms, of each two Drams; the Gall of a Bull a Dram, Oil of Wormwood and Wax, of each a &s;ufficient quantity for a Plai&s;ter, to be ap|plied to the Head. Then make a Fumigation of the follow|ing Pouder, to be receiv'd by Mouth and No&s;e.</P>
<P>Take of the Pouders of le&s;&s;er Centory, Horehound and Betony, of each two Drams; Zedoary half a Dram, Roots of Angelica two Drams, Amber a Dram, Crude Antimony an Ounce, Millet Seeds (or Ginger) a Dram and a half, Bole Armenic a Dram, Roots of round Birthwort two
<PB N="476" REF="239">Drams, Wormwood two or three Drams: Make a Pouder for a Fumigation.</P>
<P>A &s;neezing Medicine, compos'd of Pepper and Ca&s;tor; and the Fumes of Spirit of Wine, Myrrh, and Seeds of Fennel Flower, convey'd into the Ear, are convenient in this ca&s;e.</P>
<P N="16">16. If the Pains proceed from immoderat Drinking, Vo|mits and Purges are fir&s;t requir'd: Then Pepper, Cephalic Spirit of Vitriol, and <HI>Elixir Proprietatis.</HI> Cold Water with Vinegar may be thrown upon the Head and Stones.</P>
<P N="17">17. When one half of the Head only is affected, 'tis call'd a <HI>Hemicrania,</HI> and is the highe&s;t degree of Headachs. A Catapla&s;m of the Root of a wild Cucumber, or Bryony, with Vervain and Wormwood, or a Decoction of them, may be applied to the Part affected. Or,</P>
<P>Take of Euphorbium one Ounce, &s;weet Oil a Pound, let them boil together; then add three Ounces of Wax, and make an Ointment, to be applied to the Temples, Fore|head, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P N="18">18. If it ari&s;e from the Womb, apply a Bag of Amber and E&s;&s;ence of Pepper, or a Plai&s;ter of Tacamahac and Oil of Amber.</P>
<P>In all the&s;e particular ca&s;es the general Evacuations mu&s;t be fir&s;t taken care of, and no external Medicines are &s;uffici|ent for the Cure without the A&s;&s;i&s;tance of Internals.</P>
</DIV5>
<DIV5 N="7" TYPE="article">
<HEAD>ART. VII. <HI>Of Arthritic Pains.</HI></HEAD>
<P>THE Parts immediatly affected are the membranous Li|gaments &s;urrounding the Joints. The Cau&s;e is a vola|til Acid join'd to the Spirits, which gnaws the Mem|brans, and thickens their nutritious Juice. This Acid takes its fir&s;t ri&s;e from the Di&s;orders of the Stomac. It di&s;plays it &s;elf in the Foot, and is call'd the Gout; in the Huckle Bones, and is call'd the Sciatica; in the Hands, and &s;everal other Parts of the Body. Sometimes 'tis hereditary. In other ca&s;es 'tis acquir'd by the u&s;e of acid Wine, Venery and Pa&s;&s;ion, or any Commotion of the Spirits that increa&s;es the Acid in the Body.</P>
<P>This Acid affects chiefly the &s;olid Parts, and &s;erves to de|purat the Blood and fluid Humors. When it invades a &s;o|lid Part, it leaves &s;ome &s;mall Particles in it that afterwards revive, and make a new Paroxi&s;m.</P>
<PB N="477" REF="239" MS="y">
<P>The Paroxy&s;m is u&s;hered in by a Con&s;tipation of the Belly, difficulty of Breathing, an un&s;ufferable Heat at the Sto|mac, Thir&s;t and lo&s;s of Appetite. In the Gout the great Toe is fir&s;t affected; in the Sciatica the Huckle Bone, where it receives the Bone of the Thigh, and all the Membrans from thence downward to the Foot are contracted. If the Acid be &s;harp and fiery, the&s;e Symptoms are aggravated; if it be vi&s;cid, and what we call cold, the Symptoms are weaker, and the Fits of a longer Duration.</P>
<P>In forming Progno&s;tics, we may expect the Paroxy&s;m when the wonted Excrements betwixt the Toes di&s;appear, and the Belly is con&s;tipated. The Sciatica is more ob&s;tinat than the Gout; which if inveterat, hereditary, or attended by Nodes, is incurable in old Men. If the Joints adjacent to the Original of the Nerves be &s;eiz'd, it portends Death. If any part be put out of Joint by arthritic Pains, 'tis a hard matter to &s;et it right. The frequency of bad Symp|toms, and the moving of the Pains towards the Throat and upper Parts betokens Death. If the Paroxy&s;m do not fini&s;h its Cour&s;e, but break off abruptly, 'tis an ill Omen.</P>
<P>As for the Cure. When we fore&s;ee a Paroxy&s;m, 'tis con|venient fir&s;t to exhibit the Pouder of Crabs Eyes with Salt of Tartar and <HI>O&s;teocolla;</HI> then a Vomit, and afterwards the following Purge.</P>
<P>Take of Cream of Tartar, Salt of Wormwood, <HI>Arca|num duplicatum,</HI> of each eight Grains; <HI>Digrydium</HI> three Grains: make a Pouder. Or,</P>
<P>Take of the Con&s;erve of Ro&s;emary, Con&s;erve of Sage, of each &s;ix Drams; <HI>Paracel&s;us</HI> his purging Pouder for the Gout a Dram and a half; Ro&s;in of Jalap half a Scruple; with Syrup of Buckthorn, make an Electuary.</P>
<P>All purging Medicines ought to be avoided during the in|crea&s;e of the Fit; but after it has pa&s;s'd the height, and the Feaver and other Symptoms have di&s;appear'd, give what follows.</P>
<P>Take of <HI>Ruffius</HI> his Pills <HI>de tribus,</HI> Extract of black Hel|lebor, of each half a Scruple, Turbith Mineral prepar'd with Spirit of Sulphur two or three Grains: make Pills.</P>
<P>Opiats ought never to be us'd, but after the univer&s;al E|vacuations, and along with purging and &s;weating Specifics. As,</P>
<P>Take of the Pills <HI>Aloephanginae</HI> two Drams, <HI>Laudanum O|piatum</HI> half a Dram; make Pills for four Do&s;es, to be taken in Wine, fa&s;ting three or four hours after.</P>
<PB N="478" REF="240" MS="y">
<P>Take of prepar'd Crabs Eyes, <HI>Myn&s;ichtus</HI> his <HI>Arcanum Duplicatum,</HI> of each twelve Grains, Salt of Amber &s;ix Grains, Hy&s;teric Laudanum three Grains: make a Pouder. Or,</P>
<P>Take of Triacle from half a Dram to a Dram, Salt of Wormwood a Scruple: with Wine make a Draught. Or,</P>
<P>Take of Fennel Water, Water of <HI>Carduus Benedictus,</HI> of each an Ounce and a half; Spirit of putrified Earthworms a Dram and a half; Salt Armoniac, Magi&s;tery of Corals pre|par'd with Juice of Citrons, of each half a Dram; <HI>lauda|num Opiatum</HI> two Grains, Syrup of Orange Peel half an Ounce: mix.</P>
<P>In Arthritic Pains Blood-letting is pernicious. But in the Sciatica, 'tis needful in the beginning of the Paroxy&s;m, to open a Vein in the Foot of the &s;ame Side with the affected Part. Cly&s;ters ought to be injected, during the whole Cour&s;e of the Paroxy&s;m.</P>
<P>The Specifics that are proper in the Paroxy&s;m are &s;weat|ing Medicines, both fix'd and volatil, as red Corals, Cinna|bar of Antimony, volatil Salt of Hart&s;horn or of Vipers; Spirit of Sal Armoniac, Volatil Spirit of Tartar, and the Decoction of Sudorific Woods: Anti&s;corbutics ought to be mix'd with 'em.</P>
<P>External Medicines ought not to be applied till the Pa|roxy&s;m have arrived at its height. In a hot Gout, attended by Inflammations, take Quick Lime and Sal Armoniac; pour Spirit of Wine upon 'em, and di&s;til, adding to the di&s;till'd Spirit a little Camphyr. Apply it to the Part. Or,</P>
<P>Take of <HI>Aqua Articularis ad extra</HI> two Ounces, Spirit of Worms an Ounce, Spirit of Sal Armoniac three Drams: mix and u&s;e as above. Or,</P>
<P>Take a &s;ufficient quantity of Elder Flowers beaten, put 'em into a new earthen Ve&s;&s;el, &s;o that the Ve&s;&s;el may be full: &s;top it clo&s;e, and &s;et it under ground till the Flowers be converted into a Liquor: to be applied hot with a Cloth.</P>
<P>Mullen Flowers, Henbane Flowers, may be boil'd in Milk; or the Leaves of Valerian or Burdock may be appli|ed to the Part with good Succe&s;s. Or,</P>
<P>Take of the Crums of white Bread three Ounces, Pouder of Mar&s;hmallow Roots one Ounce, Flowers of Chamomile, Meal of Beans half an Ounce, Meal of Lin&s;eeds and Fenu|grec, of each three Drams. Boil them in a &s;ufficient quanti|ty of Milk, to the Con&s;i&s;tency of a Pulti&s;e: then add of <HI>&V;nguentum Anodynum</HI> an Ounce, Bal&s;am of Soap two Drams: with the Yelk of one Egg, make a Catapla&s;m.</P>
<PB N="479" REF="240" MS="y">
<P>The Lean of Beef applied to the Part, and chang'd Morn|ing and Evening, is much commended. Human Dung and Urine are likewi&s;e proper. Or,</P>
<P>Take of Ox Dung one Pound, Ro&s;e-water, and Water of Speedwel, of each two Ounces; the Yelk of an Egg beaten up with a little Allum, Saffron a Dram, Camphyr a Scruple. Mix.</P>
<P>The Plai&s;ter of Frogs Spawn with a large quantity of Su|gar of Lead, or <HI>Tachenius</HI>'s Plai&s;ter <HI>de Alcalibus,</HI> with Camphyr, are proper. All oily things ought to be avoided, and the Catapla&s;ins or Plai&s;ters frequently renew'd.</P>
<P>If the Gout be cold, Spirit of Sal Armoniac prepar'd with Quicklime and Spirit of Urine may be applied. Or,</P>
<P>Take of Venice Soap an Ounce and a half, Camphyr &s;ix Drams, Ca&s;tor half a Dram. Di&s;&s;olve in a &s;ufficient quan|tity of Spirit of Earth Worms. Apply with a Feather to the Parts affected.</P>
<P>The Oil of Soap, or the Roots of black Hellebor boil'd in Rock Oil; or Bal&s;am of Peru mix'd with the Yelk of an Egg and Spirit of Worms; or Tacamahac, mix'd with Oil of Amber; or <HI>My&s;inchtus</HI> his Diaphoretic Plai&s;ter, mix'd with Triacle and &s;tinking Oil of Tartar; or Triacle mix'd with Spirit of Salt Armoniac, are all much e&s;teem'd in this ca&s;e.</P>
<P>Bli&s;tering Plai&s;ters ought to be cautiou&s;ly us'd. In a cold Gout perhaps they are not ami&s;s.</P>
<P>If the Pains are follow'd by Nodes or hard Swellings, ap|ply Spirit of Quick Lime or old Chee&s;e with the Decoction of Pork, or a thin plate of Lead to the part.</P>
<P>The Cure of the Sciatica differs in &s;ome things from that of other arthritic pains. In this Leeches applied to the Hemorrhoid Veins are very u&s;eful; after which inject &s;harp Cly&s;ters, as,</P>
<P>Take one Coloquintida Apple, and divide it into four equal parts. Tie one part in a Bag, and boil it in Wine and Child's Urine, of each a Pint, adding a handful of Ho|ney-&s;uckles, till two thirds be con&s;umed. Inject it for a Cly&s;ter.</P>
<P>Vomits and &s;trong Purges are more allowable in the be|ginning of a Sciatica, than of the other &s;orts. And in the progre&s;s of the Di&s;ea&s;e, Troches Alhandal, and &s;weet Mer|cury, are &s;afely given. As for external Remedies, the fol|lowing Cerecloth is equall'd by none.</P>
<PB N="480" REF="241" MS="y">
<P>Take of Pitch four Ounces, Turpentine half an Ounce; Ma&s;tic, Amber, of each two Drams; Brim&s;tone in Pouder half an Ounce: make a Cerecloth.</P>
<P>I cured the Sciatica in a young Gentleman by this Method. He being plethoric, I fir&s;t ordered a Vein to be opened; then I pre&s;cribed thus:</P>
<P>Take of Diaphoretic Antimony, Chalybeat Bezoar, of each half a Scruple; Diaphoretic Gold five Grains: make a Pouder to be frequently repeated.</P>
<P>Take of the Waters of Mother of Thyme, of Mint and El|der Flowers, of each one Ounce; Spirit of Sal Armoniac a Dram and a half, prepar'd human Bones two Scruples, Dia|phoretic Antimony a Scruple, Laudanum Opiatum three Grains, Syrup of <HI>Carduus Benedictus</HI> &s;ix Drams. Mix, and give it by Spoonfuls.</P>
<P>Take of the Spirit of Sal Armoniac, Liquor of Hart&s;horn with Amber, of each a Dram and a half: Mix and re&s;erve for u&s;e.</P>
<P>Externally I applied the above-mention'd Cerecloth for &s;ome days; then I order'd the part to be rubb'd and fo|mented with the following Mixtures.</P>
<P>Take of <HI>Aqua Articularis ad extra</HI> an Ounce and a half, Spirit of Salt Armoniac prepar'd with Quick-lime &s;ix Drams. Mix, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P>Take of <HI>Aqua Articularis ad extra</HI> two Ounces, Spirit of Juniper-berries one Ounce, Bal&s;am of <HI>Peru</HI> di&s;&s;olv'd with the Yelk of an Egg three Drams. Mix.</P>
<P>Catapla&s;ms of Anti&s;corbutic Herbs boil'd in Wine, and bathing in Wine, or in the Decoction of Ants in Wine, are much commended.</P>
<P>If after the Paroxy&s;m there remain a Swelling, 'tis proper to fumigate the part with Wormwood, Rocket and Mug|wort, boil'd in Wine and Water, or to apply the <HI>Nurim|berg</HI> Plai&s;ter. The Decoctions of Aromatic Vegetables in Wine are good for &s;trengthning the Joints. If there remain a Weakne&s;s in the Joints, without any Swelling, let I&s;&s;ues be cut in &s;everal parts of the Body: And indeed an I&s;&s;ue in the Groin is not improper.</P>
<P>Thus much for what is proper to be done in the Parox|y&s;ms. It remains now briefly to point out the Method of preventing them. The vicious Acid mu&s;t be carefully rooted out of the Stomac, by the u&s;e of Mercurial and Antimonial Preparations, and a regular Diet. Tho&s;e who are meagre, and can ea&s;ily dige&s;t Milk, may confine them&s;elves to a Milk Diet.</P>
<PB N="481" REF="241">
<P>Vomits are ab&s;olutely nece&s;&s;ary. Turbith Mineral, &s;weet Mercury, black Hellebor and Coloquyntida, are much u&s;ed. Gentle Purges, and &s;uch as regard the Stomac, are be&s;t. Sweat ought to be frequently procur'd by the u&s;e of Diaphoretic Antimony, <HI>Antichecticum Poterii,</HI> Antimonial Sulphurs, and urinous Sudorifics. Next are Diuretics, which are of excellent u&s;e in preventing the Gout: As Spirit of Sal Armoniac, of Worms, of Hart&s;horn, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> or the greazy Stagflies; or,</P>
<P>Take of prepar'd Crabs Eyes two Scruples, prepar'd red Coral a Scruple, Volatil Salt of Amber fifteen Grains: Mix for three Do&s;es.</P>
<P>As for Alteratives, Aromatic Volatil Medicines are pro|per. As,</P>
<P>Take of the Roots of Elecampane, Pyony and Avens, of each &s;ix Drams; China Roots one Ounce; Of the Herbs, Sage, Baum, Germander, Ground-pine, of each a handful. Ro&s;emary tops two handfuls, Juniper-berries an Ounce and a half; Galangal, Ginger, Cinnamon, of each two Drams; Salt of Tartar from three to four Drams. Tie them in a Bag to be infus'd in Wine. Or,</P>
<P>Take of the Herbs Germander and Strawberry, of each a handful and a half; Re&s;t Harrow, Flowers of St. <HI>John</HI>'s Wort, of each a handful; Bryony Roots an Ounce and a half, Sar&s;aperilla one Ounce, Nephritic Wood three Ounces, fre&s;h Juniper Berries half a Pound, Aromatic <HI>Co&s;tus</HI> three Drams; tie them in a Bag to be put into fermenting Ale.</P>
<P>A Salivation may be attempted before the Di&s;ea&s;e be con|firmed; but afterwards 'tis dangerous.</P>
<P>'Tis u&s;ual al&s;o to make Wa&s;hes for the Feet. As, Take of Ju|niper Berries half a Pound; of the Herb Ro&s;emary &s;ix hand|fuls; Mother of Thyme, and Marjoram or Sage, of each two handfuls. Boil them in Lees; and bathe the Feet at Night going to Bed.</P>
</DIV5>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 N="4" TYPE="chapter">
<HEAD>CHAP. IV. <HI>Of the Di&s;orders of the Sen&s;e of Ta&s;ting.</HI></HEAD>
<P>THE Nerves of the Tongue terminat in a great many Glandules, di&s;pers'd along its Surface; which are en|dow'd with &s;uch a peculiar Texture, as to be &s;en&s;ible of the various Impre&s;&s;ions of the minute&s;t &s;aline Particles, accord|ing
<PB N="482" REF="242">to their re&s;pective Circum&s;tances; in which con&s;i&s;ts the &s;en&s;e of <HI>Ta&s;te.</HI></P>
<P>This Sen&s;e is extingui&s;h'd or render'd dull by the mi&s;plac|ing of the Nerves of the Tongue, the relaxation of its Fi|bres, &s;harp Defluxions, or Paralytic and Apoplectic Di&s;ea|&s;es. 'Tis &s;ometimes vitiated, and counterfeits fal&s;e Ta&s;tes, by virtue of the Depravation of the Spittle; as in Scorbutic, Hypochondriac, and Catarrhous Ca&s;es, or tho&s;e of a Jaun|dice or internal Ulcers. This Depravation is cur'd by tak|ing a Vomit, drinking Whey with Juice of Citrons or mi|neral Spirits, and removing the principal Cau&s;e. In ca&s;e of an Abolition or Flatne&s;s, Aromatic and Cephalic Medi|cines are proper. Hor&s;e-Radi&s;h Roots chew'd in the mouth, or the Juice of Sorrel and Pur&s;lain, us'd by way of Gargal, are of noted virtue for re&s;toring the Ta&s;te.</P>
<P>If the Mu&s;cles of the Windpipe, or the recurrent Nerves are &s;eiz'd with a Pal&s;y or Convul&s;ions, there in&s;ues an <HI>Apho|nia</HI> or want of Voice, which, if attended by a Hick-cough, is very dangerous.</P>
<P>In the Method of curing an <HI>Aphonia,</HI> the remote cau&s;es which occa&s;ion the relaxation or contraction of the Mu&s;cles or Nerves mu&s;t be taken care of. Internally give the Spirit of Sal Armoniac, or of Hart&s;horn with Ca&s;tor or Amber. In an inveterat Pal&s;y the Decoction of Sudorific Woods is very proper. Sometimes 'tis convenient to procure a Sali|vation by chewing.</P>
<P>For external U&s;e, apply to the Neck a Bag of aromatic Ingredients &s;prinkl'd with Spirit of Wine; or bathe it with the E&s;&s;ence of Ca&s;tor, Spirit of Worms or of Ants, or the di&s;till'd Oils of Amber, Lavender, Rue, Juniper, mix'd with Triacle, or Bal&s;am of Peru. After a fit of an Apo|plexy give what follows.</P>
<P>Take of the Herbs Sage, and Ro&s;emary, of each a hand|ful; Rocket-&s;eeds two drams: boil them in a &s;ufficient quan|tity of &s;imple Water in a clo&s;e Ve&s;&s;el. To a Pint of the &s;train'd Liquor add Spirit of Black Cherries &s;ix Drams, Spirit of Sal armoniack a Dram; Hony of Ro&s;emary Flow|ers one Ounce: mix for a Gargal. 'Tis proper to open a Vein under the Tongue, if the Circum&s;tances of the Patient admit of it.</P>
<P>Sometimes the Mu&s;cles of the Windpipe are in good or|der, and the Voice remains, but cannot be form'd into an articulat Sound or Speech, by rea&s;on of the Paralytic or Apoplectic Di&s;orders of the Tongue. In this ca&s;e</P>
<PB N="483" REF="242">
<P>Take of the Herbs, Ro&s;emary, Marjoram, Sage, of each a handful; Roots of Pellitory of <HI>Spain,</HI> half an Ounce; Rocket-&s;eeds or Mu&s;tard-&s;eeds, two or three Drams; Cloves a Dram; boil them in a clo&s;e Ve&s;&s;el in Water. To a pint of the &s;train'd Liquor, add Spirit of Juniper Berries, or of Black Cherries, from &s;ix Drams to an Ounce and a half; Spirit of Sal-armoniac prepar'd with Quick-lime, or with Cloves, from a Dram to a Dram and a half; Hony of Ro&s;e|mary Flowers, from &s;ix Drams to an Ounce: make a Gargal. Or,</P>
<P>Take of Sage, Hy&s;&s;op, Acorus, of each a handful; boil them in Water. Strain the Liquor, and add an Ounce of Oxymel of Squills. Mix for a Gargal.</P>
<P>Take of Rocket-&s;eeds, Squills, Onyons, Smallage, of each half a Dram; Ginger, Pepper, Cinnamom, and Nut|megs, of each a Dram; Of the Pouders <HI>Diambra, Diamo&s;|chus dulcis,</HI> and <HI>Dianthos,</HI> of each two Scruples. With a &s;ufficient quantity of <HI>Aqua Vitae</HI> make a Mixture, and anoint the Tongue and Palat.</P>
<P>The E&s;&s;ence of Ca&s;tor, or Ca&s;tor it &s;elf applied to the bridle of the Tongue, is very u&s;eful, e&s;pecially for the &s;tut|tering of Children. The di&s;till'd Oils of Cloves or Ani|&s;eeds, or Amber; the Cephalic Spirit of Vitriol, or Spirit of Black Cherries, or Spirit of Triacle with Camphyr, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> are all very proper. As,</P>
<P>Take of Mithridat three Drams, Extract of Ca&s;tor half a Dram; di&s;till'd Oils of Lavender, Amber and Ani&s;eeds, of each four drops: mix, and rub the Tongue.</P>
<P>Take of Mithridat three ounces, candy'd Roots of Acorus an ounce; Ginger, Nutmegs, of each two drams; Volatil Salt of Amber a dram. Mix all together in a Mor|tar, and add of the Juice of Sage clarify'd an ounce, and &s;cum'd Hony as much as &s;ufficeth, to make an Electua|ry, which &s;prinkle with di&s;till'd Oil of Ani&s;eeds or Amber; rub the Tongue frequently with it, and lay about the big|ne&s;s of a Nutmeg upon it, to be &s;wallow'd down by degrees.</P>
<P>If old People are &s;eiz'd with a difficulty of Speech, ex|hibit every Morning and Evening an ounce of the E&s;&s;ence of Lavender Flowers infus'd in Spirit of Wine.</P>
<P>A Catapla&s;m of Lees with Amber or Oil of Amber, and other Cephalic Ingredients, may be applied to the top of the Head with good &s;ucce&s;s.</P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 N="5" TYPE="chapter">
<PB N="484" REF="243">
<HEAD>CHAP. V. <HI>Of the Di&s;orders of the &s;en&s;e of Smelling.</HI></HEAD>
<P>THE Organ of Smelling is the Membrane plac'd near to the <HI>&s;ieve-like</HI> Bone above the No&s;trils; which is variou&s;ly affected by the different Textures of the &s;ulphurous Parti|cles that proceed from external Objects.</P>
<P>This Sen&s;e is aboli&s;h'd or impair'd by the Apoplectic, Pa|ralytic, and Convul&s;ive Di&s;orders of the Spirits, by the ob|&s;truction of the Pa&s;&s;ages, or Compre&s;&s;ion of the nervous Filaments that reach to the No&s;trils; and by the relaxation of the Membrane; which may be occa&s;ion'd internally by copious Defluxious, and externally by the forcible Impre&s;&s;i|ons of odoriferous or &s;neezing things. If it proceed from this la&s;t Cau&s;e, 'tis almo&s;t incurable.</P>
<P>As for the Cure. The Di&s;orders of the Spirits ought to be redre&s;s'd; the Defluxions prevented, and external offend|ing Objects remov'd betimes. The Medicines that are pro|per for the&s;e different purpo&s;es are recounted el&s;ewhere.</P>
<P>Marjoram and Fennel Flowers are two noted Specifics in this ca&s;e. The Extract or E&s;&s;ence of Marjoram mix'd with the Oils or E&s;&s;ences of Penny Royal and Ro&s;emary, may be taken inwardly from eight grains to half a &s;cruple.</P>
<P>Take of the Oils of Fennel-flower, and of Orris, of each half a dram; di&s;till'd Oil of Marjoram half a &s;cruple. Apply it to the inner &s;ide of the No&s;trils; 'tis admirable in the ca&s;e of an Ob&s;truction or Catarrh. Or,</P>
<P>Take of Marjoram and Fennel-flower-&s;eeds, each two drams: &s;prinkle 'em with &s;ome drops of di&s;till'd Oil of Mar|joram or of Ani&s;eeds; and, according to Art, make a little Bag for the No&s;trils.</P>
<P>Take of Fennel-flower-&s;eeds infus'd in &s;trong Vinegar, and afterwards dried, Rue, Fumitory and Ca&s;tor, of each a dram; reduce them to a fine Pouder, and with Child's Urine beat it up into the form of a Syrup. Let the Patient &s;nuff up five or &s;ix drops in the Morning fa&s;ting, leaning his head backwards, and holding warm Water in his mouth.</P>
<P>The Ob&s;truction of the No&s;trils may be caus'd by a <HI>Polypus,</HI> or fle&s;hy Excre&s;cency, that fills up the &s;pace. Sometimes it ri&s;es from the glandulous Membran at the top of the No&s;trils, but more frequently from the nervous Filaments in the &s;ieve-like Bone. Sometimes it de&s;cends to the in&s;ide
<PB N="485" REF="243">of the Mouth. Sometimes it has but one &s;talk, at other times more. Its Colour is white or red; if it be livid and painful, 'tis near akin to a Cancer.</P>
<P>It proceeds from the Corruption and Redundancy of the nutritious Juice, and the occa&s;ional breach of the Unity of the Part. If it be white, &s;oft, and painle&s;s, it is a good &s;ign. If 'tis deep rooted, and reaches to the nervous Filaments, 'tis dangerous.</P>
<P>The Cure is chiefly perform'd by external Applications: If the Body be di&s;order'd, 'tis not improper to prepare it by internal evacuating and altering Medicines. The exter|nal Remedies mu&s;t be us'd in the la&s;t quarter of the Moon, becau&s;e the Swelling then decrea&s;es. The milder &s;ort are the juice of Pomegranats. Mu&s;tard-&s;eeds mix'd with Vinegar, the juice of <HI>Onopo&s;tus</HI> (a &s;ort of Thi&s;tle) the Pouder of Turn&s;ole, the Juice of Watercre&s;&s;es, or the Juice of the roots of Aron; all which may be applied with Cotton to the part affected. The fiercer Remedies are &s;ublimate Mercury, Verdigree&s;e and Lees; the Acid mineral Spirits, Aqua fortis, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> As,</P>
<P>Take of the Juice of Pomegranats three parts, Oil of Vitriol one part; mix. Or take of the Oil of Vitriol a &s;cru|ple, burnt Alum a dram, Plantain Water an ounce; mix, and &s;prinkle the Polypus with it. Or,</P>
<P>Take of the Cerecloth of Myrtles an ounce, of the Oint|ment call'd <HI>Aegyptiacum</HI> two drams; mix for a Liniment: you may &s;harpen it with precipitat Mercury frequently wa&s;h'd. Or,</P>
<P>Take of the Ointment <HI>Aegyptiacum.</HI> half an Ounce, the Rinds of Pomegranats and Galls, of each half a dram; Oil of Vitriol a &s;cruple: Mix, and touch the Polypus with it every day.</P>
<P>In applying the&s;e Cau&s;tics, care mu&s;t be taken that they touch not the neighbouring parts, by u&s;ing a &s;ilver Fi&s;tula, or Cotton, or a Tent.</P>
<P>If a Polypus have any tendency to a Cancer, it ought not to be meddled with. If it be ulcerated, apply the Water or A&s;hes of Frogs, Pouder of Crabs, Lead melted and dulcify'd, the <HI>Crocus</HI> of Steel, and &s;uch like.</P>
<P>If it only hang by one &s;talk, it may be cut off, or a thread of Silk well wax'd ty'd about the root. After 'tis taken off, the bleeding mu&s;t be &s;topp'd by A&s;tringents, and the Pou|der of Gentian with the Juice of Figwort applied on a Tent to the No&s;trils, in order to prevent its return.</P>
<PB N="486" REF="244">
<P>The Smell may be adulterated by an Ulcer in the No&s;trils call'd <HI>Ozaena,</HI> which &s;ometimes &s;eizes only the membranous &s;oft parts, at other times the Cartilages and Bones. It may occa&s;ion bleeding at the No&s;e, or a plentiful Evacua|tion of &s;ordid matter, or a Corruption of the adjacent parts, or a <HI>Polypus.</HI></P>
<P>The external Cau&s;es of an <HI>Ozaena</HI> are various; the inter|nal for the mo&s;t part is the Pox. It ought to be cautiou&s;ly handled for fear of a Cancer: If it be inveterat, and affect the &s;ieve-like Bone, 'tis not ea&s;ily cur'd.</P>
<P>The Ulcer may be cleans'd by &s;nuffing up the Decoction of le&s;&s;er Centory, and Aromatic <HI>Calami<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">s</HI> in Wine, till the patient be &s;en&s;ible of its falling into the Palat; or Mar|joram Water with Hony, Myrrh, Sugar Candy, and a lit|tle Cinamon.</P>
<P>Take of the Ointment of Tobacco three drams, Bal&s;am of Sulphur for external u&s;e a dram; mix, and apply to the Ulcer. The fre&s;h Leaves of Tobacco may be put into the No&s;e, and kept there &s;ome months, then taken out and anointed with this Bal&s;am.</P>
<P>If there appear a Cru&s;t upon the Ulcer, it ought not to be remov'd by force; but by applying Oil of Sweet Almonds, or Oil of Ro&s;es with fre&s;h Butter: and then proceed to the clean&s;ing Remedies; among which Clary boil'd with Hony of Ro&s;es is the mo&s;t noted. The Decoction of Agrimony and Vervain in Hony, or Child's Urine, or the &s;moak of a red Wax-candle receiv'd at the No&s;trils, are proper for the &s;ame purpo&s;e. Or,</P>
<P>Take of Marjoram and Plantain Water, of each an ounce and a half; rectify'd Spirit of Wine three drams, Hony of Ro&s;es &s;ix drams: mix, and inject with a Syringe. If it do not yield to the&s;e Medicines, we mu&s;t have recour&s;e to Mer|curial Preparations. As,</P>
<P>Take of Plantain Water four ounces, in which di&s;&s;olve of Sublimat Mercury twelve grains; &s;train the Liquor, and apply it to the Ulcer.</P>
<P>Sweet Mercury well dulcify'd, or precipitat Mercury with Ointment of Ro&s;es, or the Ointment <HI>Aegyptiacum</HI> may be applied with a Tent to the Ulcer; or Oil of Vitriol drop'd on a little Cotton may be applied twice or thrice, and then follow'd by proper Ointments.</P>
</DIV4>
</DIV3>
<DIV3 N="3" TYPE="section">
<PB N="487" REF="244">
<HEAD>SECT. III. <HI>Of the Di&s;orders of the Internal Sen&s;es and Animal Functions.</HI></HEAD>
<P>THE Internal Sen&s;es depend upon the various Motion and Agitation of the Spirits in the Brain. The Organs of External Sen&s;e communicate the Impre&s;|&s;ions they receive from Objects to the Original of the Nerves, where a Motion not unlike to their own in&s;ues, and is called <HI>Common Sen&s;e.</HI> This Motion in the Common Sen&s;ory is imparted to the Spirits in the <HI>Corpus Callo&s;um,</HI> where the <HI>Fancy</HI> re&s;ides. The Spirits thus mov'd, roll to and again among the Nerves of the <HI>Cerebrum</HI> and <HI>Cerebellum;</HI> and their frequent returns thro the &s;ame Pa&s;&s;ages are chri&s;ten'd, <HI>The Memory.</HI></P>
<P>The&s;e Faculties are equally compatible to Men and Brutes, and are di&s;tingui&s;h'd from tho&s;e of the rational Soul by their unacquaintedne&s;s with reflex Knowledg. If they are di&s;|order'd, all the Functions and Motions of the Body &s;uffer by it. The natural and involuntary Motion sof the nervous Fibres that &s;urround the Stomach and Guts, depend upon the regular Recruits of Spirits convey'd thro the Nerves from the <HI>Cerebellum;</HI> and tho&s;e of the Mu&s;cles which obey the command of our Wills, are owing to the due di&s;tribu|tion of the Spirits from the <HI>Cerebrum.</HI> This Motion of the Mu&s;cles is perform'd by contraction. The Spirits croud into the Cavities of the Fibres, and by extending their width abridg their length, and in the interim the arterial Blood flows copiou&s;ly into the middle of the mu&s;culary Fibres, where it meets with lea&s;t re&s;i&s;tance. Thus the bloated Mu&s;|cle contracts it &s;elf, and exchanges its <HI>Rhomboides</HI> Figure for a Rectangular Form.</P>
<DIV4 N="1" TYPE="chapter">
<PB N="488" REF="245">
<HEAD>CHAP. I. <HI>Of a Swimming in the Head, or a preternatural Commo|tion of the Spirits in the Brain.</HI></HEAD>
<P>THERE are &s;everal degrees ob&s;ervable in this Di&s;temper: Sometimes there is only an apprehen&s;ion that all things are carry'd round and to&s;s'd up and down; &s;ometimes 'tis attended by a dimne&s;s of the Eye-&s;ight, and a fal&s;e repre|&s;entation of various Colours; and ofttimes the Sight is quite lo&s;t, and the Per&s;on falls down, which is mo&s;tly follow'd by Convul&s;ions and a tingling in the Ears.</P>
<P>The part affected is the Eye, where the Spirits wheel round, and make &s;uch Impre&s;&s;ions on the <HI>Retina,</HI> as exter|nal circular Motions are wont to produce. This proceeds from the irregular and confus'd Incur&s;ions of the Spirits, and their impri&s;onment in the round Globe of the Eye. The dimne&s;s and lo&s;s of Sight proceeds from the interrup|tion and deficiency of Spirits; in which ca&s;e their whole Sy|&s;tem is di&s;order'd, and the other Sen&s;es are brought into trouble.</P>
<P>If a Dizzine&s;s proceed originally from &s;ome di&s;order in the Brain, 'tis call'd <HI>e&s;&s;ential;</HI> but that rarely happens: For the mo&s;t part 'tis a Symptom of other Di&s;ea&s;es, e&s;pe|cially tho&s;e of the Stomac: For the lea&s;t di&s;turbance of the Orifice of the Stomac do's quickly di&s;order the Spirits in the Brain. Some &s;tudious and hypochondriac Per&s;ons are apt to be &s;eiz'd with a &s;wimming while their Stomac is empty, but by eating ward it off. Vomiting generally attends it: and drinking, eating of windy Meat, and &s;ulphurous Fumes offen&s;ive to the Stomac, are apt to cau&s;e it. Old Men who&s;e dige&s;tion is weak, hy&s;teric Women, and Per&s;ons troubled with Worms in the Guts, or di&s;orders of the Spleen or Kidneys, are obnoxious to it: For the Contraction of the Membranes of tho&s;e parts is continu'd to the Brain; which re&s;embles the a&s;cending of Vapours, and &s;o gives oc|ca&s;ion to the vulgar Mi&s;take.</P>
<P>Sometimes a &s;wimming may be caus'd by a redundancy of Blood, or by its vaporous halituous Di&s;po&s;ition, as in &s;corbutic and hypochondriac Ca&s;es. If it proceed from an original Di&s;order of the Brain, 'tis caus'd by external acci|dents, or the acce&s;&s;ion of heterogeneous Particles, or an im|moderat Con&s;umption of the Spirits.</P>
<PB N="489" REF="245">
<P>A Symptomatical Dizzine&s;s is di&s;tingui&s;h'd by the concur|ring Di&s;orders of other parts, and the apparent good order of the Brain. If it be inveterat, it portends an Apoplexy in old Per&s;ons, and Convul&s;ions in tho&s;e that are young. 'Tis more or le&s;s fear'd according to the height of its degrees. If it &s;eize the hinder part of the head more than the fore part, 'tis more dangerous.</P>
<P>The Cure of pre&s;ervation takes place after the Paroxy&s;ms, and is perform'd by Vomits and &s;tomachic Medicines, when it owes its Original to the Stomac. If the Stomac be not faulty, gentle Purges may &s;tand in the room of Vo|mits. But fierce Purgatives ought always to be carefully avoided. Upon the whole, Dizzine&s;s and Convul&s;ions re|quire the &s;ame Remedies.</P>
<P>In the time of the Fit 'tis nece&s;&s;ary to commence the Cure by a Vomit, by rea&s;on that for the mo&s;t part it ari&s;es from the Di&s;orders of the Stomac; or at lea&s;t &s;harp Cly&s;ters mu&s;t be injected.</P>
<P>Take <HI>My&s;ichcius</HI> his Emetic Tartar two grains, Sal armo|niac depurated nine grains: mix, and make a Pouder.</P>
<P>After vomiting, Take of the Pills of Ma&s;tic a &s;cruple, Ex|tract of Agaric five grains, Scammony &s;ulphurated two grains, di&s;till'd Oil of Amber two drops. With E&s;&s;ence of Amber make Pills. <HI>Crato</HI>'s Pills of Amber with Extract of Coloquintida, or the Pills call'd <HI>Aloephanginae,</HI> are likewi&s;e proper. Or,</P>
<P>Take of &s;weet Mercury fifteen grains, Scammony &s;ulphu|rated three grains: make a Pouder.</P>
<P>If the &s;wimming be inveterat, &s;trong or frequent Pur|gatives are improper. 'Tis &s;ufficient every New Moon or Full Moon to give at night a do&s;e of gentle loo&s;ening Pills, compos'd of Aloe, Gum Ammoniac, Myrrh, Ma&s;tic, and the like.</P>
<P>Bloodletting is for the mo&s;t part noxious: But in a &s;up|pre&s;&s;ion of a wonted Evacuation, or a Redundancy, or In|flammation of the Blood, 'tis not improper.</P>
<P>Sneezing Medicines ought to be carefully avoided. I&s;&s;ues and Bli&s;tering Plai&s;ters, are of excellent u&s;e for old Per&s;ons, or Cacochymical Di&s;po&s;itions. In a &s;uppre&s;&s;ion of the Piles, or di&s;order of the Womb, the Legs are their proper Seat. When the Paroxy&s;m is over, the cure of pre&s;ervation com|mences. As,</P>
<P>Take of Galangal half an ounce, Cubebs two drams, Su|gar a dram and a half: make a Pouder; Do&s;e, two drams
<PB N="490" REF="246">with Bisket dip'd in Wine an hour or two before Supper or Dinner. Or,</P>
<P>Take of Piony Seeds, Coriander Seeds, Nutmegs, Mi&s;|&s;elto of the Oak, Cubebs, Galangal, of each two Drams; long Pepper, Ginger, Tormentil Roots, and Ro&s;emary Leaves, of each a Dram. Make a Pouder; Do&s;e, half a Dram at plea&s;ure.</P>
<P><HI>Elixir Proprietatis</HI> with Spirit of Ma&s;tic, or Elixir of Mint, or Galangal mix'd with Amber, are proper to this purpo&s;e. Or,</P>
<P>Take of the Con&s;erves of Ro&s;emary Flowers, of Sage, of Marjoram, of each half an Ounce; Ginger candi'd in the <HI>Indies,</HI> Nutmegs candi'd, of each three Drams; Rocket Seeds, Mu&s;tard Seeds, of each a Dram and a half; prepar'd Amber two Drams; Cardamom, Cubebs, Galangal, of each a Scruple; volatil Salt of Amber half a Dram; Spirit of Black-cherries a Dram. With Syrup of Clove Gillyflowers, make an Electuary. Do&s;e, the bigne&s;s of a Nutmeg Morn|ing and Evening. For old Per&s;ons Confection-<HI>Alkermes</HI> may be added.</P>
<P>Take of the Con&s;erves of Mint, of Baum, of each half a Dram; Cinnabar of Antimony half a Scruple; di&s;til'd Oils of Ro&s;emary, of Amber, of each two Drops: with Syrup of Mint make a Bolus.</P>
<P>The&s;e are the proper Remedies for a &s;ymptomatical or le&s;s inveterat Giddine&s;s; but if it prove habitual, Specifics mu&s;t be added. As,</P>
<P>Take of the E&s;&s;ences of Chervil, Sage, and common Ba&s;il, of each a Dram; Ca&s;tor a Dram and a half, Amber half a Dram. Do&s;e, forty or fifty Drops twice a day. Or,</P>
<P>Take of Con&s;erve of Ro&s;emary-flowers three Ounces, di&s;till'd Oils of Boxwood (which is much e&s;teem'd) Nut|megs and Mint, of each half a Dram: make an Electuary. Do&s;e half a Dram. Or,</P>
<P>Take of the Juices of Wormwood, Horehound and Ste|chas; Pouders of Ma&s;tic, Rhubarb, Germander and Ground-Pine, of each three Drams; Hy&s;&s;op a Dram, Agaric two Ounces five Drams and a half: make an Electuary. Or,</P>
<P>Take of Triacle of <HI>Andromachus,</HI> and Con&s;erve of Sage, of each one part; Con&s;erve of Ro&s;es two parts. With Ho|ney of Ro&s;emary-flowers, make an Electuary.</P>
<P>Peacocks Dung is a famous Specific. 'Tis often dry'd and gi|ven in Pouder with Sugar, or infus'd in Wine, or any convenient Vehicle; or in the form of an Electuary with Con&s;erve of
<PB N="491" REF="246">Ro&s;emary Flowers. A compound Pouder may be pre&s;crib'd thus:</P>
<P>Take of Peacocks Dung three Ounces, Male Piony Roots an Ounce, Pouder of Cloves three Drams. Make a Pou|der.</P>
<P>The Brains of Sparrows are recommended by &s;ome. As, Take the Brains of fifty Sparrows; Veal Brains wa&s;h'd in Wine, and dried in Smoak, Filberds, of each an Ounce; Mithridat three Drams. With Syrup of Citron Peel make an Electuary.</P>
<P>The Spirit of Hart&s;horn prepar'd with Amber, Ca&s;tor, and Spirit of Sal Armoniac ani&s;ated, are mightily ap|prov'd for this purpo&s;e.</P>
<P>In the mineral Province Cinnabar is a famous Specific. Let it be us'd thus:</P>
<P>Take of Peacocks Dung in Pouder three Drams, Cinna|bar of Antimony or native Cinnabar two Drams; Cubebs, Galangal, and volatil Salt of Amber, of each half a Dram: make a Pouder. Add as much of di&s;till'd Oil of Ani&s;eeds mix'd with Sugar, as &s;ufficeth to render it grateful. Take now and then as much as will lie upon the Point of a Knife, or exhibit it in the following Mixture.</P>
<P>Take of Chervil-water three Ounces, Sage-water an Ounce and a half, Cinnamon-water &s;ix Drams; Spirit of Lilly Convally, and of Sage, of each three Drams: mix for the u&s;e above-mentioned. Or,</P>
<P>Take of Chervil-water three Ounces, Spirit of Hart&s;horn with Amber a Dram: mix.</P>
<P>Amber may be given inwardly, and its Oil applied to the Crown of the Head: Rock Oil may &s;upply the want of Oil of Boxwood. As, Take of Con&s;erve of Mint an Ounce, Con&s;erve of Ro&s;emary Flowers half an Ounce, white Rock Oil a Dram: with Syrup of Mint make an Electuary. If you plea&s;e, you may add fifteen Grains of Salt of Amber. I have cur'd &s;ome with a Vomit and this Electuary alone.</P>
<P>In the la&s;t Extremity we have recour&s;e to Laudanum Opi|atum mix'd with Amber or volatil Medicines, which oft|times proves more effectual than any other thing. As,</P>
<P>Take of Sage-water an Ounce and a half, Mint-water an Ounce, Spirit of Lilly Convally three Drams, Spirit of Sal Armoniac a Dram and a half, Laudanum Opiatum two or three Grains; Syrup of Orange Flowers three Drams: Mix. Or,</P>
<P>Take of Black-cherry Water, Mint-water, and Lilly
<PB N="492" REF="247">Convally Water prepar'd with Wine, of each an Ounce; Spirit of black Cherries three Drams; E&s;&s;ence of Ca&s;tor a Dram and a half; Volatil Salt of Hart&s;horn a Scruple; Vo|latil Salt of Amber half a Scruple; Syrup of Clove Gilly|flowers half an Ounce. Mix; and give a &s;poonful or two in the Fit.</P>
<P>If the Di&s;ea&s;e be caus'd by the Di&s;orders of the Womb, Take of Swallow-water an Ounce and a half; Baum-water prepar'd with Wine an Ounce; Spirit of Lilly Convally, Spirit of black Cherries, of each a Dram; Spirit of Sal Ar|moniac half a Dram; Volatil Salt of Amber fifteen Grains; Laudanum Opiatum two or three Grains, Syrup of Orange Peel half an Ounce. Mix, and u&s;e as above.</P>
<P>E&s;&s;ence of Ca&s;tor, Spirit of Sal Armoniac, di&s;till'd Oil of Amber, and in a word whatever is u&s;ed in Epileptic Fits, may be applied to the Head, Temples, No&s;trils, Brea&s;t, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 N="2" TYPE="chapter">
<HEAD>CHAP. II. <HI>Of the irregular Incur&s;ions of the Spirits into the external Parts.</HI></HEAD>
<P>THE In&s;truments of all Motion are the Fibres, whether gathered into a Mu&s;cie, or di&s;pers'd in a Membran. The Mu&s;cles (for the mo&s;t part) receive Spirits from the <HI>Cerebrum,</HI> and their regular Motions depend upon the Will. The other Fibres are &s;upplied with Spirits from the <HI>Cerebellum,</HI> and perform involuntary Motions. If either the mu&s;culary or membranous Fibres are preternaturally; mov'd, the former without the direction of the Will, or the latter with Violence and Pain; we call them <HI>Convul&s;ive</HI> Motions. If the Part be contracted and remain immova|ble in the &s;ame po&s;ture, 'tis call'd <HI>Convul&s;io tonica,</HI> and di|vided into &s;everal &s;orts. If the Head be drawn forwards towards the Brea&s;t, 'tis call'd <HI>Empro&s;thotonos.</HI> Vid. <HI>Hipoc. Sect.</HI> 4. <HI>Aph.</HI> 35. If backwards, <HI>Opi&s;thotonos:</HI> If it be &s;tiff and immovable to either &s;ide, <HI>Tetanos.</HI> The Convul&s;ions of the Yard in a <HI>Priapi&s;mus,</HI> of the Jaws in a Dog Cramp, of the Knees, Arms, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> are all included under this general. If the Contraction of the Part cea&s;e and return alternatly, 'tis call'd a Concu&s;&s;ion or <HI>Convul&s;io Clonica.</HI></P>
<DIV5 N="1" TYPE="article">
<PB N="493" REF="247">
<HEAD>ART. I. <HI>Of alternat Convul&s;ions, and the Epilep&s;y or Falling-Sickne&s;s.</HI></HEAD>
<P>THE Epilep&s;y is an alternat Concu&s;&s;ion of &s;everal Mem|bers of the Body, attended for the mo&s;t part by a Ce&s;|&s;ation of Sen&s;e. It admits of three degrees. The fir&s;t is not different from the third degree of a <HI>Vertigo;</HI> of which above. The &s;econd is, when the whole Body is to&s;s'd with convul&s;ive Motions, and the Sen&s;es both internal and exter|nal, either remain in their wonted State, or become deliri|ous. The Per&s;on is taken with Laughter, Crying, Screek|ing, Singing; beats his Brea&s;t, talks ridiculou&s;ly, skips up and down the room, and performs a great many antic Actions: And when the Fit is over, is perfectly ignorant of all that pa&s;s'd. Melancholy Per&s;ons are obnoxious to it; and for them the Spirit of Hart&s;horn prepar'd with Amber is a proper Cure. This kind of Epilep&s;ies is very unfrequent. But the third &s;ort is very common, that is, when the Body is thrown up|on the Ground; all Rea&s;on and Sen&s;e aboli&s;hed; the Thumbs &s;hut clo&s;e within the Hands; the Feet tremble; the Arms to&s;s'd about; the Teeth gna&s;h again&s;t one another, and bite the Tongue and Lips; Froth is ca&s;t forth at the Mouth; and the whole Body is &s;ucce&s;&s;ively lifted up and de|pre&s;&s;ed. And when the&s;e Symptoms remit, the Per&s;on &s;lum|bers and groans; and when he comes to him&s;elf, complains of a Heavine&s;s of the Head, and a Wearine&s;s of the Joints, but remembers nothing that pa&s;s'd.</P>
<P>The Part immediatly affected is the Fibres. If the exter|nal mu&s;culary Fibres are only affected, 'tis call'd an exter|nal Convul&s;ion. If the Internal are &s;eiz'd, 'tis call'd <HI>Inter|nal.</HI> As in Nephritic, Colic, Hypochondriac and Hy&s;teric Fits, and the Pains of Women after Delivery. The&s;e Convul|&s;ions of the internal Membrans are apt to cau&s;e Convul&s;ions in the external Mu&s;cles, by communicating their Di&s;order to the Brain; and &s;o produce an univer&s;al Epilep&s;y.</P>
<P>The immediat Cau&s;e is the rapid, unequal, and di&s;order|ly Motion of the Spirits; for the Spirits are equally the Cau&s;e both of natural and preternatural Motions. If the Sickne&s;s be inveterat or hereditary, perhaps the Animal Spi|rits are degenerat from their natural Con&s;titution, and be|come more ela&s;tic and moveable.</P>
<PB N="494" REF="248">
<P>The remote Cau&s;es are, the Irritation of any &s;en&s;ible part, as the puncture of a Nerve; the Collection of heterogeneous Particles in the Brain, or their mixture with the Spirits; as in Wounds of the Head, malignant Feavers, and the Ce&s;&s;a|tion of any wonted Evacuation of Blood. Sometimes the vicious Recrements of the Blood are convey'd to the Brain with the Lympha, and infect the Spirits, or mix with them; and &s;ometimes are lodg'd in other parts. The&s;e noxious Par|ticles are nitro&s;ulphureous, and in &s;ome mea&s;ure Ela&s;tic, ac|cording to <HI>Willis;</HI> and the nature of the Remedies u&s;ed again&s;t them &s;ufficiently proves them to be acid. Upon which account 'tis that Scorbutic, Hypochondriac and Hy&s;te|ric Per&s;ons are mo&s;t liable to Convul&s;ions: for the peccant Acid infinuats it &s;elf into the fibrous and tendinous Parts of the Mu&s;cles, and renders them &s;tiff and unwieldy. And be|&s;ides, &s;uppo&s;ing it did not lodg in the Mu&s;cle, it affects the Nerves where-ever 'tis, and depraves the chylous Juice of the Glandules, e&s;pecially tho&s;e of the Me&s;entery, where it often lurks. This Acid is for the mo&s;t part bred in the Stomac or fir&s;t ways, and frequently produces Convul&s;ions in gouty and arthritic Con&s;titutions.</P>
<P>If the Brain or what it contains be immediatly affected without the intervening of any other part, 'tis call'd an <HI>e&s;&s;en|tial</HI> Convul&s;ion. But if another part be fir&s;t affected, 'tis <HI>Sympathical;</HI> as when Convul&s;ions are caus'd by Worms, by the Di&s;orders of the lower Belly, Ulcers or Aches of ex|ternal Parts, by the &s;uppre&s;&s;ion of the Terms or Piles; neg|lect of Venery, cau&s;ing a Corruption of the &s;eminal Liquor in Women; the Indi&s;po&s;ition of the Stomac, the Di&s;orders of the Kidneys, Bladder, and Me&s;entery; Arthritic, me|lancholy and cholic Fits; Pains of Childbirth, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P>When a Convul&s;ion proceeds from any inferior part, it re|&s;embles the Motion of a cold Vapor ri&s;ing from the part to|wards the Brain. But there is neither &s;pace for that Vapor to move in, nor a &s;ufficient force to put it in Motion: Therefore 'tis a fal&s;e Imagination, and ought to be rectified. The plain ca&s;e &s;tands thus. The Part being irritated by the offending Cau&s;e, the Spirits repair in a di&s;orderly manner in|to it, and contract the Fibres; the&s;e Spirits are follow'd by large Numbers of others, that not finding room in the con|tracted part, rebound; this Convul&s;ion is continued to the Original of the Nerve, and creates a Di&s;order in the Brain, which affects all the other Nerves, and produces the univer&s;al Epilep&s;y. So the gradual Contraction of the Part,
<PB N="495" REF="248">and the di&s;orderly Incur&s;ions of the Spirits, create a Sen&s;e not unlike to that of a&s;cending Vapors, and occa&s;ion the vul|gar Error. The&s;e imaginary Vapors are generally attend|ed by a &s;en&s;e of Cold, by rea&s;on that the Spirits have not a free admi&s;&s;ion into the contracted part.</P>
<P>Convul&s;ions differ from Trembling in this, that the for|mer invade the part when re&s;ting; whereas the other fol|lows only upon attempting &s;ome voluntary motion. In a Pal|&s;y the Part affected may be mov'd or extended without Pain, but in a Convul&s;ion it cannot. In Swoonings or &s;leepy Di&s;ea&s;es the Pul&s;e is weak and low, and the Fits ob&s;erve no regular Periods, nor are they ea&s;ily carried off; but in the fir&s;t de|gree of an Epilep&s;y, tho it re&s;emble &s;wooning, the Pul&s;e is &s;trong and frequent, and the Fit returning at &s;et times is ea&s;ily cured.</P>
<P>In acute burning Feavers, Convul&s;ions are foretold from a tingling in the Ears, heavine&s;s of the Head, dulne&s;s of the Sen&s;es, panting of the Heart, Fla&s;hings of Light, and &s;trange Colors appearing before the Eyes. If in the beginning of the Di&s;ea&s;e, the Balls of the Eyes are &s;eiz'd with Pain, without any Inflammation; or if the &s;ick Per&s;on attempt as it were to catch Flies, it betokens a <HI>Delirium,</HI> and Convul&s;ions. But if he begin to pick at the Bedclothes, or be &s;en&s;ible of the Contraction or twitching of any Member, or of the &s;eem|ing A&s;cent of Vapors to the Head, the Convul&s;ion is ju&s;t at hand.</P>
<P>If the Patient dote, and be uncapable to give an account of the&s;e Symptoms, the Phy&s;ician may put his hand to the Wri&s;ts or tendinous Parts; and if he ob&s;erve that the Ten|dons &s;tart or quaver, 'tis a &s;ign of fatal Convul&s;ions. An Epilep&s;y may be al&s;o prophe&s;y'd in other ca&s;es from fre|quent Swimmings of the Head, and Nightmares.</P>
<P>If an Epilep&s;y proceed from Convul&s;ions of the internal Membrans, it di&s;covers it &s;elf by a murmuring Noi&s;e in the Guts, Swellings or Contractions or Hardne&s;s of the Belly, drawing the Navel inwards, violent throws in the Guts, Pains in the Loins, a Di&s;tention and Contraction of the Brea&s;t, difficulty of Breathing, an apprehen&s;ion of being &s;tifled, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> If it be <HI>e&s;&s;ential,</HI> it &s;urpri&s;es the Per&s;on without any preceding &s;igns, or &s;en&s;e of Pain; but a <HI>&s;ymptomatical</HI> Epilep&s;y is u&s;her'd in by the aching of &s;ome affected part, and the apprehen&s;ion of Vapors tran&s;mitted from thence to the Brain.</P>
<P>The Progno&s;tics are variable according to the Circum|&s;tances
<PB N="496" REF="249">of the Patient. If an Epilep&s;y commence after the twenty fifth year of the Per&s;ons Age; if it &s;ucceed Iliac Pains, acute Feavers, immoderat Watchings, exce&s;&s;ive lo&s;s of Blood, over-violent Purging, or the u&s;e of Hellebor; if the Fits return frequently, and the Lips, Tongue, Eyelids, or Brea&s;t, be much affected; if the Di&s;ea&s;e be hereditary, e&s;&s;ential, and inveterat; if the Patient do's not &s;neeze after u&s;ing Medicines for that purpo&s;e: In all the&s;e ca&s;es there's a great deal of danger. If a Woman with Child be &s;eiz'd with Convul&s;ions, they threaten Mi&s;carriage. If it com|mence from the Infancy, or before the &s;tate of Manhood, 'tis curable. If it return frequently, it renders the Per&s;on &s;tupid or delirious. If a Chronical Epilep&s;y be follow'd by an unmalignant Feaver, 'tis a good Omen.</P>
<P>The Cure of Convul&s;ions and the Falling Sickne&s;s of Chil|dren is accounted for el&s;ewhere. As for adult Per&s;ons, the Phy&s;ician mu&s;t heedfully inform him&s;elf if the Cau&s;e be ex|ternal or internal; if the Di&s;ea&s;e be <HI>e&s;&s;ential</HI> or <HI>&s;ymptomati|cal;</HI> and if &s;ymptomatical, in what particular Member the &s;ource of the Di&s;temper lies. And withal let him careful|ly ob&s;erve the following Remarks, which do not relate to the Paroxy&s;m, but the general method of Cure.</P>
<P N="1">1. That Chronical Convul&s;ions ari&s;ing from internal Cau&s;es, do generally invade Hypochrondiac and Scorbutic Per&s;ons, and are owing to a vicious Acid, which for the mo&s;t part is bred in the fir&s;t Pa&s;&s;ages. Therefore Evacuati|ons, and the u&s;e of te&s;taceous Alcalin Pouders, Spani&s;h Soap boil'd in Milk, and Chalybeat Medicines, are recommend|ed.</P>
<P N="2">2. That if the Di&s;ea&s;e ari&s;e from any particular Member, the Medicines which properly regard that part ought to be join'd with Specifics; but not exhibited till after the gene|ral Evacuations.</P>
<P N="3">3. That Antimonial Vomits are &s;overeign Medicines, if the Di&s;ea&s;e proceed from the internal Parts. They ought to be given every Month, four days before the Full-moon.</P>
<P N="4">4. That all purging Medicines ought to be of the milder &s;ort, and mix'd with &s;weet Mercury thrice &s;ublimated; and exhibited before the Changes of the Moon.</P>
<P N="5">5. That if the &s;ource of the Di&s;ea&s;e be lodg'd in the Hu|mors of the Body, the Decoctions of the &s;udorific Woods, together with proper Specifics, are given with good Succe&s;s, after the fir&s;t Pa&s;&s;ages are &s;ufficiently cleans'd.</P>
<P N="6"><PB N="497" REF="249">6. That in a de&s;perat ca&s;e a Salivation with Mercury may be attempted.</P>
<P N="7">7. That &s;neezing Medicines ought to be us'd every Morn|ing. As for example,</P>
<P>Take of the Leaves of Marjoram and Rue, of each two Drams, Flowers of the Lilly Convally a Dram; white Hel|lebor and Ca&s;tor, of each half a Dram. Make a Pouder.</P>
<P N="8">8. That if the Di&s;temper proceed from the Di&s;orders of any external part, 'tis proper to place a Ligature betwixt it and the Brain, ju&s;t before the Inva&s;ion of the Paroxy&s;m. I&s;&s;ues, Cau&s;tics applied to the part (e&s;pecially in the puncture of a Nerve) and opening the Scull with a Trepandiron, are of good u&s;e.</P>
<P N="9">9. That if the Falling Sickne&s;s be attended by a Suppre&s;&s;i|on of any wonted Evacuation of Blood, 'tis fit to open the Hemorrhoid Vein, or a Vein in the Arm, or in the Ancle of Women with Child; or apply Leeches to the in&s;ide of the Womb, when an Epilep&s;y follows Delivery.</P>
<P N="10">10. That Opiats ought not to be given before the general Evacuations; nor too frequently repeated, left they promote a Stupidity, which generally in&s;ues Chronical Epilep|&s;ies. They may &s;erve to prevent and mitigate a fierce Pa|roxy&s;m. They ought to be mix'd with Specifics and Cam|phyr, and given before the Inva&s;ion of the Fit. The Tem|ples, No&s;trils and Wri&s;ts may be anointed at the &s;ame time with Oil of Boxwood, which has a peculiar Anodyn Vir|tue.</P>
<P N="11">11. That the Di&s;orders of the Brain and Animal Spirits ought to be redre&s;s'd by the u&s;e of Epileptic Specifics and Anti-Acids; as the Bones and Dung of Animals, native Cin|nabar, Ca&s;tor, Vitriol, Amber, Mi&s;&s;elto of the Hazel-tree, Piony, Opium, Camphyr, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P>The true Cure of this Di&s;ea&s;e con&s;i&s;ts in pre&s;ervation, and preventing the Paroxy&s;m. Vomits are the fir&s;t in order. Next are purging Medicines, which ought to be &s;tronge&s;t in an e&s;&s;ential Epilep&s;y.</P>
<P>Take of the Extract of black Hellebor, &s;weet Mercury right prepar'd, of each fifteen Grains; Extract of Troches Alhandal one or two Grains, di&s;till'd Oil of Amber two Drops: with E&s;&s;ence of Myrrh, or of Ca&s;tor, make Pills. Or,</P>
<P>Take of &s;weet Mercury fifteen Grains, Scammony pre|par'd with Sulphur four or five Grains. Make a Pouder. Or,</P>
<PB N="498" REF="250">
<P>Take of the Con&s;erve of Ro&s;emary-flowers a Dram, Pou|der of Jalap half a Scruple, &s;weet Mercury fifteen Grains: with the Syrup of Apples make a Bolus.</P>
<P>Sweet Mercury and <HI>Mercurius vitae,</HI> well pounded and exactly mix'd, prove laxative, and are mighty u&s;eful in this ca&s;e.</P>
<P>The Specifics for this Di&s;ea&s;e are very numerous; I &s;hall briefly recount tho&s;e that are mo&s;t univer&s;ally receiv'd.</P>
<P>In the vegetable Province Male Piony is a famous Speci|fic, if gather'd in its proper &s;ea&s;on; the neglect of which has abridg'd its Reputation. It ought to be gather'd at Noonday in <HI>July</HI> or <HI>Augu&s;t;</HI> or before the Sun ri&s;ing, when both the Sun and Moon are in <HI>Aries,</HI> during the wain of the Moon. It is both given inwardly, and ty'd about the Neck, with good Succe&s;s.</P>
<P>Next are the Flowers of Lilly of the Valley. They ought to be gather'd before the ri&s;ing of the Sun, while they are wet with the Dew, and pre&s;ently di&s;till'd with Spani&s;h Wine; which may be di&s;till'd again &s;everal times upon fre&s;h Flowers. If you infu&s;e Ca&s;tor in this Spirit, it extracts a noble E&s;&s;ence, which may be given from half a Dram to a Dram.</P>
<P>Hazelwood yields an excellent Spirit and Oil. The Mi&s;|&s;elto of this Tree, and the Catkins that grow upon it, are endow'd with an Anodyn Sulphur, and are very &s;ucce&s;sful Specifics again&s;t this Di&s;ea&s;e. The Mi&s;&s;elto ought to be ga|ther'd in the wain of the Moon in <HI>March,</HI> and may be given from half a Dram to a Dram. Mi&s;&s;elto of the Oak is like|wi&s;e u&s;eful. But while they are us'd, 'tis needful to purge now and then, le&s;t their fixing Quality &s;hould occa&s;ion other Di&s;ea&s;es. In the Spring we gather a Sulphur from the Cat|kins of Hazel, that may be given inwardly from a Scruple to a Dram.</P>
<P>The Mi&s;&s;elto and Flowers of the Limetree, Boxwood, Lavender Flowers, Flowers of Dill, Angelica and Valerian Roots, Roots of Swallowort, Acorus, Briony, Seeds of Soapwort and Rue, are much e&s;teem'd. Black-cherries, <HI>A&s;&s;a faetida,</HI> Camphyr, Spirit of Soot, Extract and E&s;&s;ence of the Wood of Aloe, are likewi&s;e Specifics. Some commend the Coals dig'd from under Mugwort, which <HI>Deckers</HI> takes to be the antient Roots of Mugwort, re&s;embling Coals.</P>
<P>The&s;e are the mo&s;t noted vegetable Specifics, to which we generally add Cephalic and Aromatic Medicines. As,</P>
<P>Take of the Leaves and Flowers of Sage &s;ix Ounces,
<PB N="499" REF="250">Flowers of Lilly of the Valley three Ounces, Flowers of &s;weet Lavender an Ounce, Male Piony Roots two Ounces, Leaves and Flowers of Marjoram half an Ounce, choice Cinnamom two Ounces, Cubebs half an Ounce, Cloves three Drams, Mace two Drams; infu&s;e them in fourteen Pound of Rheni&s;h or Spani&s;h Wine. Let them macerat for fourteen days; then di&s;til in a <HI>Balneum Mariae.</HI> You may add Ca&s;tor, and Spirit of Sal Armoniac.</P>
<P>In the Animal Province, the Spirit, Oil, and volatil Salt of human Blood taken from a beheaded Criminal, are ce|lebrated Specifics. The Spirit of a human After-birth pu|trified, given from fifteen to forty Drops, is re&s;erv'd by &s;ome for a Secret: Or the Pouder of it dried in an Oven may be given from half a Dram to a Dram. The Skull of one that dies a violent Death, may be given in Pouder from a Scruple to a Dram. It yields a Spirit and volatil Salt, of wonderful u&s;e; and its Oil when rectify'd and applied to the Crown of the Head, prevents the Epileptic Fit. Oil of Amber di&s;till'd with the Pouder of Man's Soul, yields a mo&s;t penetrating Oil for the &s;ame u&s;e. The human Brain, its Spirit and Oil, and Bones of Men, are likewi&s;e much e&s;teem'd.</P>
<P>The Bones of other Animals, e&s;pecially the Teeth of a Sea-hor&s;e, the Livers of green Frogs, the Liver of a Wolf, the Gall of a black Cat, the Spirit of Urine, the Blood of a hunted Hare, Ca&s;tor, together with Spirits and volatil Salts, are much in u&s;e. As,</P>
<P>Take of volatil Salt of Amber, volatil Salt of a human Skull, of each a Scruple; Ca&s;tor two Drams: Infu&s;e in Spi|rit of Wine; let them dige&s;t and circulat; and they yield an admirable Tincture again&s;t this Di&s;ea&s;e.</P>
<P>Peacocks Dung, Quails Eggs, Spirit of Sal Armoniac pre|par'd with Quick-lime, Spirit of Tartar, <HI>A&s;&s;a faetida,</HI> Elks Claws, Swallows, with the Spirits and volatil Salts, are common Specifics.</P>
<P>In the mineral Family: The fix'd Sulphurs of Antimony lead the Van. Cinnabar of Antimony, &s;ublimated &s;everal times, and reduc'd to a fine Pouder, with &s;ome &s;pirituous Water, is given in Sub&s;tance; or a Tincture may be ex|tracted from it with &s;ome vegetable Spirit, that is of &s;ove|reign Virtue in this ca&s;e. Or the Cinnabar may be di&s;|&s;olv'd in a <HI>Men&s;truum</HI> prepar'd from Nitre and Sal-Gem; and precipitated into Cry&s;tals, which pa&s;s by the name of <HI>A&s;trum Mercurii Secretum.</HI> Native Hungarian Cin<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">abar is
<PB N="500" REF="251">likewi&s;e very u&s;eful. But above all, the Sulphur taken from the Dro&s;s of the <HI>Regulus</HI> of Antimony, after this manner. After you have &s;eparated the <HI>Sulphur Auratum</HI> by a &s;econd Precipitation, take the &s;ame &s;train'd Liquor, and pour on &s;ome di&s;till'd Vinegar and Spirit of Urine: It precipitates a noble Sulphur of incomparable u&s;e again&s;t an Epilep&s;y. Three Grains may be given to adult Per&s;ons.</P>
<P>Next to the fix'd Sulphurs of Antimony is Vitriol. Its fix'd Anodyn Sulphur, and its &s;ulphureous volatil Spirit right prepar'd, are mightily applauded by <HI>Helmont</HI> and <HI>Pa|racel&s;us.</HI> The common Spirit of Vitriol is corro&s;ive, not volatil; but the true volatil Spirit is drawn from Vitriol expos'd to the Air, and the preceding Phlegm is chamfer'd. The Spirit drawn from Vitriol and human Urine is an ex|cellent Medicine; for the Alcali of the Urine di&s;&s;olves the Metallin Sulphur, and the Spirit renders it volatil. In like manner any other vegetable Spirit, mix'd with Vitriol, yields a cephalic Spirit of Vitriol, which may be mix'd with Spirit of human Blood, and exhibited in an hereditary Epilep&s;y.</P>
<P>Amber concludes the mineral Catalogue. It yields a Spi|rit, volatil Salt and Oil, which may be mix'd with Spirit of Hart&s;horn, or of human Blood. Sometimes Camphyr may be added; which is a noted Pacific, and of &s;ingular u&s;e, together with Opium, again&s;t the Epilep&s;ies ari&s;ing from the Womb.</P>
<P>The Methods of pre&s;cribing the&s;e Specifics are as follows.</P>
<P>Take of Black-cherry-water, Lilly Convally-water, and <HI>Langius</HI>'s Epileptic Water, of each one Ounce; Spirit of Hart&s;horn <HI>&s;uccinated,</HI> or rectify'd Spirit of a human Skull, a Dram, Syrup of Clove Gilly flowers an Ounce. Mix. Or,</P>
<P>Take of the Water of Lime-tree-flowers, Sage-water, Black-cherry Water, of each an Ounce; Spirit of Hart&s;horn with Amber three Drams, Spirit of Triacle camphoriz'd, or E&s;&s;ence of Ca&s;tor a Dram; E&s;&s;ence of Opium a Scruple, Syrup of Piony Flowers an Ounce. Mix, and give two or three Spoonfuls twice or thrice a day.</P>
<P>Take of the Water of the new Horns of a Hart two Ounces, Spirit of human Brains an Ounce, Spirit of human Blood a Dram and a half, prepar'd human Skull a Dram, volatil Salt of human Skull fifteen Grains, volatil Salt of Amber half a Scruple, Laudanum Opiatum three or five Grains, Syrup of Arabian Stechas an Ounce. Mix, and u&s;e as above.</P>
<PB N="501" REF="251">
<P>Take of the Water of Piony Flowers three Ounces, Wa|ter of human Brains di&s;till'd with Wine &s;ix Drams, e&s;&s;en|tial Spirit of human Blood a Dram and a half, prepar'd U|nicorn a Dram, Cinnabar of Antimony half a Dram, Lau|danum Opiatum a Grain and a half, Syrup of Arabian Ste|chas an Ounce. Mix, and u&s;e as above.</P>
<P>Take of the Waters of Piony Flowers, and of Lim|tree Flowers, of each an Ounce; rectify'd Cinnamon-water half an Ounce, unburnt Hart&s;horn a Scruple; native Cinna|bar, Mineral Bezoar, of each half a Scruple; Hy&s;teric Lau|danum five Grains, Syrup of Piony Flowers half an Ounce. Mix, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P>Take of the Water of Piony Flowers two Ounces, Mi&s;|&s;elto of Hazel a Scruple; native Cinnabar, mineral Bezoar, of each half a Scruple; Hy&s;teric Laudanum &s;ix Grains, Sy|rup of Piony Flowers half an Ounce. Do&s;e, a Spoonful twice or thrice a day.</P>
<P>Take of Fennel-water, and Water of Lime-tree Flowers, of each an Ounce; Spirit of Sal Armoniac, Spirit of Hart&s;|horn with Amber, of each half a Scruple; E&s;&s;ence of Ca&s;tor a Scruple, Syrup of Poppies, and Syrup of Arabian Stechas, of each half an Ounce: mix as above.</P>
<P>Take of the Water of Piony Flowers two Ounces, Pen|nyroyal-water an Ounce; Apoplectic Water, or <HI>Langius</HI>'s Epileptic Water &s;ix Drams; volatil Salt of Hart&s;horn twelve Grains, volatil Salt of Amber &s;ix Grains, Syrup of Piony Flowers three Drams: mix, and u&s;e as above.</P>
<P>Take of Baum-water two Ounces, Sage-water an Ounce, E&s;&s;ence of Ca&s;tor two Drams, Spirit of Hart&s;horn with Oil of Amber a Dram, Syrup of Piony Flowers half an Ounce: mix, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P>As for Pouders. Take of Cinnabar of Antimony half a Dram, volatil Salt of Amber twelve Grains; Laudanum Opiatum prepar'd by Fermentation, two or three Grains: make a Pouder for two Do&s;es. For a Vehicle,</P>
<P>Take of Sage-water, and Water of Lilly of the Valley, of each an Ounce; Spirit of Lilly of the Valley, and Spirit of Black-cherries, of each a Dram and a half: mix.</P>
<P>Take of the Pouder of human Skull prepar'd without Fire a Dram, Cinnabar of Antimony half a Dram, or two Scruples; volatil Salt of Hart&s;horn twelve Grains, volatil Salt of Amber &s;ix Grains: make a Pouder for four Do&s;es. Or,</P>
<P>Take Cinnabar of Antimony fifteen Grains; volatil Salt of
<PB N="502" REF="252">Hart&s;horn, Volatil Salt of Vipers, of each four Grains&punc; Camphyr two or three Grains. Make a Pouder as above. Or,</P>
<P>Take of Diaphoretic Antimony, Native Cinnabar, pre|par'd Amber, of each eight or ten Grains; Volatil Salt of Amber three or five Grains; <HI>Laudanum Opiatum</HI> one Grain. Make a Pouder as above.</P>
<P>Take Cinnabar of Antimony, prepar'd Amber, of each a Scruple; Ca&s;tor twelve Grains; Volatil Salt of Amber, Volatil Salt of Hart&s;horn, of each half a Scruple; Camphyr three Grains: make a Pouder for three Do&s;es.</P>
<P>Take of the Pouder of a human Scull prepar'd without Fire a Dram; Cinnabar of Antimony half a Dram; Ca&s;tor fifteen Grains; Volatil Salt of Hart&s;horn, Volatil Salt of Amber, of each half a Scruple: make a Pouder for three Do&s;es.</P>
<P>The common Vehicle for the&s;e Pouders, may be this fol|lowing.</P>
<P>Take of the Water of Lilly Convally, Black Cherry Water, and Water of Limetree-flowers, of each a Dram; E&s;&s;ence of Ro&s;emary-flowers, or E&s;&s;ence of Ca&s;tor, from two Drams to three Drams; E&s;&s;ential Spirit of human Scull a Dram; Syrup of Clove Gilly-flowers &s;ix or eight Drams: mix, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P>As for external Remedies, &s;ome are wont to apply Amulets of Elder, or the Roots of Ma&s;ter-wort &s;lic'd to the Thumbs and Toes; or Rings of the Teeth of Sea-hor&s;es, and the like, Cephalic Bags, Emplai&s;ters, Ointments, and the &s;pecific Oils above-mentioned, may be applied to the Back-bone, Crown of the Head, and the affected part. But a &s;pecial regard mu&s;t be had to the peculiar Con&s;titution of the Pa|t<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="3 letters">t; for &s;ome are extremely offended by the approach of <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">doriferous Oils. Oil of Amber and Oil of Spike, or the fat of a wild Cat, may be applied to the Belly, when the Di&s;ea&s;e is &s;ymptomatical, both during the Paroxy&s;m, and at other times. If the Epilep&s;y proceed from the Di&s;orders of the Spleen, the Emplai&s;ter <HI>de ranis cum Mercurio</HI> is very u&s;eful. Upon other occa&s;ions a Compound-plai&s;ter may be pre&s;crib'd thus.</P>
<P>Take of the Emplai&s;ter <HI>Diacalcitheos,</HI> two Ounces; <HI>Di|achylum <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">reatum,</HI> an Ounce and a half; Emplai&s;ter of Be|tony two Ounces. Mix, <HI>&amp;c. Crato</HI>'s Plai&s;ter is likewi&s;e very proper for this purpo&s;e.</P>
<PB N="503" REF="252">
<P>Thus far I have con&s;ider'd the Method of pre&s;erving from, or preventing Epileptic Fits: My next bu&s;ine&s;s is to &s;hew what ought to be done during the time of the Fits. If the Per&s;on be Plethoric, let blood; but take care to draw forth but a &s;mall quantity. Then give a &s;trong Emetic. If the temporal Mu&s;cles, or tho&s;e of the Gullet, are &s;o affected that the Per|&s;on cannot open his mouth or take down any thing, you mu&s;t open the mouth with a Spoon, and throw it in; or wet a Feather with the Emetic Syrup, and a Grain or two of <HI>Mercurius Vitae,</HI> and thru&s;t it into the Throat.</P>
<P>If a Vomit cannot conveniently be given, inject frequent|ly &s;harp Cly&s;ters, adding to them antimonial Infu&s;ions and volatil &s;pecific Salts.</P>
<P>Sneezing Pouders ought to be cautiou&s;ly us'd during the Fit, for they cau&s;e Convul&s;ions. In room of them put Spi|rit of Sal armoniac, or of Urine to the No&s;trils; or drop it upon the Tongue. The &s;mell of Amber thrown upon the Coals is very effectual. The external Parts may be rub'd, but withal very gently. If the Epilep&s;y proceed from any external Part, Ligatures are very proper. The Backbone may be anointed with &s;pecific Oils or Liniments. In the mean while 'tis not improper to throw into the mouth two or three &s;poonfuls of &s;ome Epileptic Mixture, as above-pre&s;cribed.</P>
<P>If the Tongue be hurt by the Teeth, throw upon it the Pouder of Crabs-eyes, or anoint it with &s;ome vulnerary Extract and Sugar.</P>
</DIV5>
<DIV5 N="2" TYPE="article">
<HEAD>ART. II. <HI>Of a Cramp or continu'd Contraction.</HI></HEAD>
<P>WHEN a nervous Part is affected continually and with|out interruption, it becomes rigid and inflexible. The Cau&s;e of this Irritation may be either manife&s;t or hid|den. Of the former kind are the pricking of a Nerve, im|moderat Purging, the un&s;ea&s;onable u&s;e of Mercurial or An|timonial Medicines, external Violence, drinking of <HI>Aqua fortis</HI> or acid Liquors (for all Acids have a contracting Vir|tue, as appears by Leather dip'd in an Acid.) The hidden Cau&s;es are acute or malignant Feavers, Inflammations, Gout, Arthritic and Hypochondriac Fits (in which the pre|vailing Acid fixes in tendinous parts, and renders them &s;tiff) Collections of Serum in the Brain, and Worms in the
<PB N="504" REF="253">Guts, which are for the mo&s;t part accompany'd by &s;wellings of the Belly. Sometimes a flatulent &s;erous Humour affects the Mu&s;cles, and cau&s;es a Contraction. Sometimes the of|fending Cau&s;e is lodg'd in the contracted part, and &s;ome|times el&s;ewhere.</P>
<P>As for the Cure, the univer&s;al Evacuations are fir&s;t in or|der, e&s;pecially the injection of &s;harp Cly&s;ters. The inter|nal Specifics are the &s;ame as in the ca&s;e of an Epilep&s;y.</P>
<P>For external u&s;e, all &s;pirituous and oily things are proper; but &s;uch of 'em as are more penetrating than vi&s;cid or un|ctuous are pr<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">erable, as the Oil of Worms <HI>per deliqui|um.</HI> Or,</P>
<P>Take of the Oil of Orris, Oil of Earth-worms, of each two Ounces; Ca&s;tor in Pouder four Scruples: mix them by continual &s;haking, and anoint the contracted part without intermi&s;&s;ion till the Convul&s;ion cea&s;e.</P>
<P>The Oil that drops from a ro&s;ted Goo&s;e; the Spirit of Wine with Saffron; Spirit of Triacle camphoris'd with Ca&s;tor; the Decoction of &s;tale Urine with white Bread mix'd with a &s;mall quantity of <HI>A&s;&s;a faetida;</HI> Oil of Amber mix'd with Ro<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">k O<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">l (when the occa&s;ional Cau&s;e is of a cold nature) are much approv'd for the &s;ame u&s;e. Or,</P>
<P>Take of Oil of Turpentine, Oil of Earth-worms, of each an Ounce and a half; Human Fat one Ounce; the Fat of Dogs, half an Ounce: make a Liniment. Or,</P>
<P>Take of human Fat three or four Ounces; di&s;till'd Oil of Turpentine three Drams; Oil of Juniper Berries two Drams; Oil of Spike half a Dram: make a Liniment. Or,</P>
<P>Take of Oil of Turpentine half a Dram; di&s;till'd Oil of Cloves &s;ix Drops; Mucilage of Briony as much as &s;uffi|ceth for a Liniment.</P>
<P>When a Nerve is prick'd by an error in Blood-letting, the Wound mu&s;t be dilated, and di&s;till'd Oil of Turpentine, or of Wax, or of Bricks, drop'd into it warm. If the Wound be large, apply the following Plai&s;ter.</P>
<P>Take of Euphorbium a Scruple, Turpentine half an Ounce; with Wax make a Plai&s;ter.</P>
<P>If after &s;carifying or letting of blood the Part &s;well and ache, anoint it frequently with the following Liniment.</P>
<P>Take of the fat of Foxes, fat of Badgers, of each three Ounces; di&s;till'd Oil of Spike half an Ounce; Oil of Ma|&s;tic two Drams; Wine two or three Drams: mix 'em be|fore the fire, and u&s;e it hot.</P>
<PB N="505" REF="253">
<P>If the Part be livid, &s;well'd, and affected with pain, ap|ply the following Catapla&s;m.</P>
<P>Take of the Herbs Agrimony, Chervil, and Flowers of Chamomil, of each a handful; Roots of Larks Spur three Ounces; Roots of <HI>Solomon</HI>'s Seal an Ounce; Lin&s;eeds, Fe|nugrec&s;eeds, of each half a Dram: Boil them in a &s;ufficient quantity of Water to the con&s;i&s;tence of a Catapla&s;m.</P>
<P>If the Convul&s;ion proceed from a Wound in the part, drop into it the Bal&s;am of Sulphur with Turpentine, and anoint the part with Oil of Worms, and di&s;till'd Oil of Turpentine. If it be caus'd by a poi&s;onous Animal, anoint with Oil of Scorpions; apply &s;carify'd Cupping-gla&s;&s;es, or an actual Cautery to the part, or the magnetic ar&s;enic Plai&s;ter; and give inwardly Triacle with Gentian, in or|der to procure &s;weat. If it be occa&s;ion'd by violent Purga|tion, give Triacle with Opiats.</P>
<P>For a windy Cramp, take a rough Cloth hot and dip it into Spirit of Juniper Berries, or rectify'd Spirit of Wine, and rub the part; or foment it with Spirit of Triacle and Ju|niper Water. In ca&s;e of extremity apply the following Ointment.</P>
<P>Take of fre&s;h Goo&s;e-tallow four Drams; di&s;till'd Oil of Cloves half a Scruple; di&s;till'd Oil of Cinnamom five drops. Mix for an Ointment.</P>
<P>Volatil Anti-acids, Milk, and &s;uch like temperat things are proper for the Convul&s;ions which proceed from an in|ternal Acid.</P>
</DIV5>
<DIV5 N="3" TYPE="article">
<HEAD>ART. III. <HI>Of Trembling.</HI></HEAD>
<P>TRembling re&s;embles Convul&s;ive Motions, and when it follows Epileptic Fits, partakes of their Nature. Some particular Members are apt to &s;hake after drinking or &s;ud|den Pa&s;&s;ion; but this is a le&s;&s;er &s;ort of trembling: For &s;ome are univer&s;al, &s;ome particular; &s;ome greater, and &s;ome le&s;|&s;er. It do's not proceed from any weakne&s;s of the moving Faculty, but from the joint Action of &s;everal Mu&s;cles that are either Antagoni&s;ts, or imploy'd in different Motions of the Member, which is occa&s;ion'd by the almo&s;t equal Incur&s;ions of the Animal Spirits: whereas upon the Will's injoining a particular Motion, they ought to repair more copiou&s;ly to the Mu&s;cle, who&s;e Office 'tis to perform the commanded Motion;
<PB N="506" REF="254">than into its other Companions that are &s;uppo&s;ed to re&s;t.</P>
<P>The Animal Spirits are apt to commit this Error, when di&s;order'd by Pa&s;&s;ion, or over-fix'd by the u&s;e of Narcotics, or exce&s;&s;ive drinking of Wine. But oft-times the Spirits them&s;elves are innocent, and the fault lies either in the Nerve or the Mu&s;cle. If any Ob&s;truction or Irritation happen at the head of the Nerve, the Spirits de&s;ign'd for the Mu&s;cle are diverted another way. If the Fibres of the Mu&s;cle be contracted, dry, mi&s;plac'd, or not &s;o acce&s;&s;ible as they ought to be, the regular <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">rrival of the Spirits is prevented.</P>
<P>Thus mercurial Steams, immoderat Venery, Cold, drink|ing of cold Liquors, &s;uppre&s;&s;ion of wonted Evacuations, and malignant Feavers, are wont to occa&s;ion a Trembling.</P>
<P>Trembling is ea&s;ily di&s;tingui&s;h'd from a Pal&s;y, by the performance of the voluntary motion; and from Convul&s;i|ons by this, that it never appears but when a voluntary motion is attempted.</P>
<P>If it &s;ucceed to a Pal&s;y, it progno&s;ticats a Recovery. If it proceed from internal Cau&s;es, it ought not to be neglect|ed. If it be hereditary, of a long &s;tanding, or accompany'd by old Age, it &s;eldom admits of a Cure. If it terminat in Convul&s;ions, or approach to their Nature; If attended by Doating in Burning Feavers; If it &s;ucceed to Child-birth, or happen in a Lethargy or Apoplexy; it portends ill. If the under-lip quaver, it betokens Vomiting.</P>
<P>The occa&s;ional Cau&s;e mu&s;t be diligently inquir'd for, and remov'd. So the method of Cure mu&s;t be calculated for the various Cau&s;es. In general, it requires cephalic and nervous Medicines, &s;uch as are us'd again&s;t Pal&s;ies, Convul&s;ions, and Apoplexies. Sage is a noted Specific in this ca&s;e; it may be eaten with food, infus'd in Ale; or a Spirit or E&s;&s;ence taken from it, and mix'd with Ca&s;tor, which may be us'd inwardly often. The Hands or Part affected may be fo|mented with this Spirit, or an infu&s;ion of Sage in Wine or Water us'd for a wa&s;h. Baum is next; its Leaves infus'd in Wine, or Spirit of Wine, make a u&s;eful Medicine for this purpo&s;e. Juniper-berries, their Spirit, Oil, Rob, Infu&s;ion in Wine or Spirit of Wine, and the infus'd Berries in &s;ub&s;tance, are very &s;overeign in this ca&s;e. After due Eva|cuations, there is nothing &s;o proper as a Diet-drink of the Decoction of Woods, e&s;pecially of Juniper Wood.</P>
<P>Nutmegs, Cinnamom, Cloves, Ca&s;tor and its Preparati|ons, the <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">rains of Hares ro&s;ted, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> are mightily e&s;teem'd.</P>
<PB N="507" REF="254">
<P>Peacocks Dung infus'd in Spirit of Wine is a &s;overeign Remedy again&s;t Trembling in old Age. The Oils of Ha|zelwood and Boxwood are al&s;o very proper.</P>
<P>If it proceed from metallin or mercurial Fumes, Cinnabar of Antimony and antimonial Sulphurs ought to be mix'd with human Bones, and exhibited in order to procure Sweat. The Decoction of Elecampane and Fennel Roots in Wine, taken Morning and Evening, the Per&s;on being cover'd in order to &s;weat, is famous for expelling and correcting Mer|cury in the Body. Leaves of Gold, or Medicines parta|king of Gold, are proper in this ca&s;e to be given inwardly; and an Ointment of Gold may be applied outwardly.</P>
<P>As for external Remedies, <HI>Fore&s;tus</HI> recommends rubbing and wa&s;hing the Part with fre&s;h Urine. In room of which you may u&s;e what follows.</P>
<P>Take of <HI>Aqua Articularis</HI> for external u&s;e three or four Ounces, Spirit of Earth-worms an Ounce and a half, Spirit of Ants &s;ix or eight Drams, E&s;&s;ence of Ca&s;tor three or four Drams: mix, and bathe the part affected.</P>
<P><HI>Petrus &agrave; Ca&s;tro</HI> orders the part to be frequently fomented with di&s;till'd Water of Nettles. The Leaves of an A&s;h in|fus'd in Lees are commended. If the Trembling be invete|rat, the natural Bathes, or artificial Bathes of a Decoction of Ants ty'd in a Bag, are incomparably u&s;eful.</P>
</DIV5>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 N="3" TYPE="chapter">
<HEAD>CHAP. III. <HI>Of the Di&s;ea&s;es in which the Animal Spirits cea&s;e to move.</HI></HEAD>
<DIV5 N="1" TYPE="article">
<HEAD>ART. I. <HI>Of an Apoplexy.</HI></HEAD>
<P>WHEN Per&s;ons are &s;eiz'd with Apoplexies, they are like dead People in every re&s;pect, except the beating of their Pul&s;e, Breathing, and the color of their faces. If the Re&s;piration be much impair'd, the Pul&s;e very low, and &s;carce perceptible, and the Per&s;on &s;nort, and froth at the Mouth, 'tis a violent Fit. If the whole Body be equally &s;eiz'd, 'tis an univer&s;al Apoplexy. If only one &s;ide of the Head and Body, or the Trunk of the Body alone, or a par|ticular part by it &s;elf, be affected while the others are at ea&s;e, 'tis call'd a particular Apoplexy. 'Tis u&s;ual among Writers to refer the Apoplexies of particular Parts to Pal&s;ies; but
<PB N="508" REF="255">indeed the&s;e Di&s;orders of particular Members proceeding from internal Cau&s;es, and call'd by them Paralytic, were by the Antients accounted &s;light Apoplexies. <HI>Vid. Hip. Sect.</HI> 2. <HI>Aph.</HI> 42.</P>
<P>The Cau&s;e of Apoplexies may be deriv'd from the failure of the motion of the Animal Spirits, either in the <HI>Cerebrum</HI> or <HI>Cerebellum.</HI> If in the latter, the Circulation of the Blood and Motion of the Heart are in a manner quite extingui&s;h'd. If the Animal Spirits be hindred to vi&s;it the Heart by the Convul&s;ion of its Nerves, or &s;uch other Cau&s;es, the &s;ame ef|fect will follow. The&s;e Cau&s;es are call'd <HI>Privative,</HI> which do not affect the Spirits immediatly, but only prevent their Excur&s;ions, or withdraw the matter of their Generation, as all Ob&s;tructions of the Brain, a Fall, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> The po&s;itive Cau&s;es are &s;uch as &s;tupify the Spirits, or render 'em unfit for performing their Office, as narcotic Medicines, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P>A privative Apoplexy is occa&s;ion'd by &s;topping the Circu|lation of the Blood. This is caus'd either by an Ob&s;tructi|on in the Brain impri&s;oning the Spirits; or by the Com|pre&s;&s;ion, tearing or breaking of the Blood-ve&s;&s;els. As, when external Violence is us'd, an Apoplexy may be caus'd by the Ligature or Compre&s;&s;ion of the Carotid Arteries, and con|&s;equently the interruption of the Blood in its Pa&s;&s;age to the Brain. This <HI>Hippocrates</HI> under&s;tood by his <HI>Ob&s;tructio Venae,</HI> it being cu&s;tomary among the Antients to &s;ignify by Veins the Arteries and Nerves. The other privative Apoplexies proceeding from internal Cau&s;es, are rather owing to the &s;toppage of the Blood in the Veins, and its &s;ub&s;equent Stag|nation in, or Di&s;tention of the Brain; for &s;uppo&s;e one of the Carotid Arteries were &s;traiten'd by &s;ome internal Cau&s;e, the other Artery communicating with it, would &s;upply the Brain with Blood, and &s;o no Apoplexy would in&s;ue upon that occa&s;ion. 'Tis the hindrance therefore of the Reflux of the Blood, and its &s;ub&s;equent Stagnation, that in internal ca&s;es di&s;tends the Brain, &s;traitens its Pa&s;&s;ages, extingui&s;hes the motion of the Animal Spirits, and &s;o cau&s;es the Apo|plexy.</P>
<P>Sometimes the Blood is &s;o thick and congeal'd, that of it &s;elf it &s;tops in the Ve&s;&s;els within the Brain, without any de|termination to that effect from the Blood Ve&s;&s;els; as in <HI>Heart-&s;wooning,</HI> which is a ca&s;e not only parallel, but near a kin to this, it &s;tagnates in the Lungs.</P>
<P>The Antients deriv'd the cau&s;e of an Apoplexy from a Col|lection of Serum in the Ventricles of the Brain; but Anato|mical
<PB N="509" REF="255">Di&s;&s;ections make it appear, that the Brains of Apo|plectic Per&s;ons are not always mole&s;ted with any &s;uch mat|ter; and that &s;everal People are, who were never &s;eiz'd with an Apoplexy in their Lives. It remains therefore to be con|cluded, that the immediat Cau&s;e of all Apoplexies is the A|bolition either of the motion of the animal Spirits, or of the Circulation of the Blood.</P>
<P>The remote Cau&s;es with reference to a defective Circula|tion of the Blood, are, &s;udden Cold, exce&s;&s;ive Heat, gor|mandizing in a &s;edentary way of Living; wa&s;hing the Head with warm Water, and then expo&s;ing it to the Cold; Swel|lings in the Scull; &s;uppre&s;&s;ion of wonted Evacuations of Blood; u&s;ing Dragons Blood after violent Purges; immode|rat Venery, e&s;pecially in old Age; Anger, and all turbu|lent Pa&s;&s;ions of the Mind.</P>
<P>With reference to the motion of the animal Spirits, the remote Cau&s;es of Apoplexies are a Contu&s;ion or violent Com|motion of the Brain, by Thunder, Cannon &s;hooting, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> any &s;udden and impetuous Force that drives inwards the Lymph which waters the Cortical part of the Brain; Im|po&s;tumes or any vitious matter lodg'd in the Head; all which &s;traiten the Pa&s;&s;ages of the Brain, and Original of the Nerves, and &s;o cramp the Spirits that they cannot per|form their wonted Office.</P>
<P>Exce&s;&s;ive Drinking may occa&s;ion a Prevalency or Redun|dancy of Serum in the Brain, that pre&s;&s;es down the Walls of the Pa&s;&s;ages. Accordingly we &s;ometimes meet with great quantities of Serum in di&s;&s;ecting the Heads of &s;uch as die of Apoplexies. The Small-pox or Scab &s;truck inwards, and &s;everal other Cau&s;es, may likewi&s;e produce the &s;ame effect. Upon this account I &s;hall not &s;cruple to admit the di&s;tinction of privative Apoplexies into &s;uch as are Sanguin, and tho&s;e which are Serous; tho a nice Theori&s;t might cavil again&s;t it. The former kind is apt to invade tho&s;e who&s;e Blood is thick and prone to congeal; the latter for mo&s;t part &s;eizes old de|crepit Catarrhous Con&s;titutions.</P>
<P>Mercurial and &s;ubterranean Vapors not only clog the Spi|rits, but thicken the Blood, and &s;o cau&s;e a privative Apo|plexy. As for po&s;itive Apoplexies caus'd by an immediat Depravation and Fixation of the Spirits, I am of <HI>Helmont</HI>'s Opinion, that not only external things, but an internal Fer|ment bred in the Stomac oft-times cau&s;es 'em. This I am induc'd to believe by the&s;e Con&s;iderations.</P>
<P N="1">1. Vomits, &s;harp Cly&s;ters and &s;tomachic Medicines are
<PB N="510" REF="256">&s;overeign Remedies again&s;t a po&s;itive Apoplexy; which is a &s;ign that the Stomac is concern'd. 2. The Steams of Coals, Smoak of Tobacco, and eating ungrateful Food, cau&s;e Apo|plexies. Now undoubtedly the&s;e affect the mouth of the Stomac mo&s;t immediatly. 3. I remember an in&s;tance of a Woman that was &s;eiz'd with a po&s;itive Apoplexy, of a &s;ud|den, without any known Cau&s;e: her Spirits were not ex|hau&s;ted or deficient, but &s;he had an invincible Propen&s;ity to Sleep, with a grievous Anxiety and Trouble in her Brea&s;t; and after Recovery happening to take a Vomit upon ano|ther occa&s;ion, was thrown into the &s;ame Symptoms again. Now, as I take it, the &s;ource of the Di&s;ea&s;e lay in the Sto|mac, and the Vomit waken'd it afre&s;h. 4. A Giddine&s;s proceeding from the Stomac is frequently a Fore-runner of an Apoplexy; and where this is hereditary to a Family, that is a &s;ure ground of Prediction. 5. <HI>Poterius</HI> his Diapho|retic Gold and Cinnabar of Antimony are Specifics again&s;t Apoplexies. Now they do not po&s;itively reach further than the fir&s;t Pa&s;&s;ages. 6. The &s;udden and &s;urprizing way of Inva&s;ion of &s;ome Apoplexies, &s;eems to intimate that there is a virulent Ferment in the Body which immediatly extin|gui&s;hes or fetters the Spirits.</P>
<P>Suppo&s;ing therefore that there is a virulent Ferment bred in the Stomac, we can give no other account of its manner of Operation than this, that as Opium in the Stomac di&s;|po&s;es the Spirits to Sleep, &s;o it fixes 'em to an Apoplectic height.</P>
<P>When an univer&s;al Apoplexy terminates in a particular one, if it be &s;anguin, I doubt 'tis uncurable, unle&s;s it yield to Blood-letting. Or perhaps the clotted Blood may have left &s;ome Serum in the Brain, which falls deeper upon the &s;pinal Marrow, or is thrown upon &s;ome particular Nerves; or if the Apoplexy was originally Lymphatic, the Lymph may have &s;unk in, and &s;o caus'd an Ob&s;truction of &s;ome par|ticular Nerves. This Solution will &s;erve for privative Apo|plexies; but as touching the po&s;itive, I am at a lo&s;s to ad|vance any plau&s;ible Rea&s;on, unle&s;s you admit of this, that the Contraction of the upper Extremity of the Nerves, near to their original In&s;ertion, may produce a mere Apoplexy, without Convul&s;ions, which always in&s;ue the Contraction of their outward Parts.</P>
<P>The Signs and Progno&s;tics of an Apoplexy are the&s;e: The Per&s;on is &s;eiz'd with a profound Sleep, depriv'd of all Sen&s;e and Motion; the Re&s;piration remains intire more or
<PB N="511" REF="256">le&s;s, according to the violence of the Fit. If the Patient froth at the Mouth, the Re&s;piration is e'en almo&s;t aboli&s;h'd; for the Froth is the Blood &s;tagnating in the Lungs, impreg|nated and rarify'd by Air, and &s;o thrown up. This is a mor|tal Sign according to <HI>Hipp. Sect.</HI> 2. <HI>Aph.</HI> 43. for all that die of Apoplexies, are actually &s;tifled. But we ought care|fully to di&s;tingui&s;h this Froth of Blood, which is of a whiti&s;h red Color, and ca&s;t up from the bottom of the Brea&s;t, from the thin Spittle-like Froth, caus'd in the Palat by the Agi|tation of Air in a vi&s;cid Humor. If the Apoplexy proceed from a Stagnation of the Blood, the Face and Eyes are bloated, and of a red Color, and the Body is hot; other|wi&s;e they are pale and cold. If the Per&s;on &s;nort high, 'tis an ill Omen. If the Memory decay of a &s;udden, 'tis a Pre|&s;age of an Apoplexy. Sometimes the Urine and Excrements are voided without the Per&s;on's &s;en&s;e, by rea&s;on of the Re|laxation of the Sphincters.</P>
<P>A po&s;itive Apoplexy is di&s;tingui&s;h'd from a privative by the Con&s;titution of the Patient, of which above; and the Anxi|eties of the Brea&s;t attending the former. An Apoplexy is di|&s;tingui&s;h'd from a <HI>Syncope Cardiaca,</HI> or Heart-&s;wooning, by this, that the latter is not attended by Snorting; the Re&s;pi|ration in it is always extremely difficult, and the Brea&s;t mightily troubled, the Face pale, the extreme Parts cold; a cold Sweat breaks forth, and the Pul&s;e is very weak, and not &s;o hard as in Apoplexies.</P>
<P>'Tis di&s;tingui&s;h'd from Hy&s;teric Fits, by this; that in the&s;e the Face is always pale, the Pul&s;e very low and im|perceptible, Re&s;piration pretty intire, the &s;en&s;e of Feeling oft-times remains; and the Di&s;orders of the lower Belly have u&s;her'd 'em in.</P>
<P>A <HI>Carus</HI> &s;teals on by degrees, and the Re&s;piration is ea&s;y, and oft-times without Snorting. But an Apoplexy pur&s;ues a contrary method.</P>
<P>If a violent Apoplexy be not follow'd by a Feaver in &s;even days, 'tis mortal. If a difficulty of Breathing be attended with Sweating, 'tis a fatal Omen. If the Fit per&s;i&s;t beyond tweuty four hours without remi&s;&s;ion, there's no hope. In general, all Apoplectic Per&s;ons, tho cur'd, are apt to re|lap&s;e, and young &s;trong Per&s;ons are more likely to recover than the old and feeble.</P>
<P>If it be not mortal, it either determines in a particular Apoplexy, or is di&s;cu&s;s'd by Stool and Sweating. <HI>Barbette</HI> relates an in&s;tance of its being cur'd by voiding Lymph by the
<PB N="512" REF="257">Ear, and upon that account recommends a Salivation for its Cure.</P>
<P>In pre&s;cribing the Cure I &s;hall fir&s;t take notice of what is fit to be done during the Paroxy&s;m; and then how we ought to behave after the Paroxy&s;m is over.</P>
<P>As for the time of the Fit; &s;harp Cly&s;ters and Sup|po&s;itories are approv'd by the general Con&s;ent of all Phy&s;ici|ans. They are proper in all Apoplectic Ca&s;es. They mu&s;t be &s;harp to the la&s;t degree, injected in moderat quantities, in order to be ea&s;ily retain'd; and in ca&s;e of a total Re|laxation of the Sphincter, repeated often; or converted into Catapla&s;ms by longer boiling, and applied all over the Belly.</P>
<P>Vomits and Blood-letting are generally pre&s;crib'd; but un&s;ea&s;onably admini&s;tred, murder a great many. In order to avoid mi&s;takes in this important matter, let us mind the following Cautions.</P>
<P>If the Patient be young, lu&s;ty, accu&s;tom'd to a &s;edentary Life; if the Face in the Paroxy&s;m appear red, if there be a &s;uppre&s;&s;ion of any wonted Evacuation of Blood. In a word, if there appear any &s;igns of a &s;anguin Apoplexy, or a Stag|nation of Blood, 'tis highly convenient to bleed. In a &s;e|rous Apoplexy, Bleeding can only act a pre&s;ervative part. In a po&s;itive internal Apoplexy, it can do no manner of good, unle&s;s by accident, by correcting the Stagnation of the Blood in the Brea&s;t; upon which account it may be u&s;eful in the other &s;orts.</P>
<P>If the Apoplexy be attended with Crudities in the Stomac, occa&s;ion'd by drinking and gluttonizing, as it frequently happens in <HI>Germany;</HI> If the Patient be old or weak; If any narcotic Virulence be &s;u&s;pected, or any Deficiency di&s;cover'd in the Lymph, and the Blood originally faultle&s;s; If a Gid|dine&s;s or any &s;ign of a principal Di&s;order in the Head ap|pear; 'tis more advi&s;able to omit Bleeding, and admini|&s;ter a Vomit. To &s;um up all, a privative Apoplexy re|quires Bleeding; or if the Patient be old, Cupping-gla&s;&s;es, Scarifications, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> A Po&s;itive demands Vomiting, or in room of that for old Per&s;ons &s;harp Cly&s;ters, which turn to the &s;ame thing; for the Guts are a continuation of the Sto|mac. Some recommend Bleeding from the jugular Veins. As for Vomits, the Do&s;e mu&s;t be augmented in the Parox|y&s;m; and if one do not operat, repeated till they prove ef|fectual. 'Tis mo&s;t convenient to exhibit them in a liquid Form, with &s;ome &s;pirituous cordial Water.</P>
<PB N="513" REF="257">
<P>The Per&s;on ought to be &s;et upright, whether in Bed or out of Bed; the Room well air'd, and the more &s;en&s;ible Parts of the Body frequently twitch'd and pull'd. Then let Blood in the right Arm, if it be convenient; and exhibit a Vomit with all po&s;&s;ible Expedition, or inject a Cly&s;ter of Aro|matic Herbs with Pulp of Coloquintida, or Infu&s;ion of <HI>Cro|cus Metallorum,</HI> with Sal Gem or Sal Armoniac, and other volatil Salts. All oily Ingredients mu&s;t be omitted. As,</P>
<P>Take of the Leaves of Tobacco and Sage, Chamomil Flowers, of each a handful; Roots of Pellitory of <HI>Spain</HI> from half an Ounce to &s;ix Drams; Pulp of Coloquintida ty'd in a Bag a Dram. Boil in a &s;ufficient quantity of Wa|ter. To nine Ounces of the Liquor &s;train'd, add Honey of Ro&s;es, or of Ro&s;emary Flowers, half an Ounce, or &s;ix Drams; Electuary of Hiera with Agaric, from half an Ounce to an Ounce; Ca&s;tor in Pouder, from a Scruple to half a Dram; Sal Gem from half a Dram to two Scruples: mix for a Cly&s;ter. Or,</P>
<P>Take of Mother of Thyme, Tobacco-leaves, tops of le&s;&s;er Centory, of each a handful; Lavender Flowers half a hand|ful; Roots of Pellitory of <HI>Spain,</HI> Roots of common Flower de-luce, of each three Drams; Nettle-&s;eeds two Drams; Pulp of Coloquintida ty'd in a Bag, a Dram and a half; boil in a &s;ufficient quantity of human Urine. In eight Ounces of the Liquor &s;train'd di&s;&s;olve of Electuary of Hiera with Agaric an Ounce; Extract of Troches Alhandal, half a Scruple; E&s;&s;ence of Ca&s;tor a Dram; mix for a Cly&s;ter. Or,</P>
<P>Take of the Decoction of Rue, in which half a Dram of <HI>Crocus Metallorum</HI> hath been boil'd, nine Ounces; Bulls Gall thicken'd a Dram and a half; Extract of Troches Alhandal half a Scruple; Honey of Ro&s;emary-flowers an Ounce and a half: mix for a Cly&s;ter. Or,</P>
<P>Take of the Decoction of Chamomil Flowers half a Pound; Infu&s;ion of <HI>Crocus Metallorum</HI> in Wine two or three Ounces; Honey from half an Ounce to an Ounce: mix and make a Cly&s;ter. As for Suppo&s;itories,</P>
<P>Take of the Roots of white Hellebor in Pouder, Scam|mony &s;ulphurated, Troches Alhandal, of each half a Scru|ple; Ca&s;tor in Pouder eight Grains; Sal Armoniac a Scru|ple. With a &s;ufficient quantity of Honey make a Suppo&s;i|tory.</P>
<P>In the Interim, &s;ome Apoplectic mixture may be thrown down the Throat. As,</P>
<PB N="514" REF="258">
<P>Take of &s;trong Apoplectic Water one Ounce; Water of Lilly Convally half an Ounce; <HI>Matthiolus</HI>'s Quinte&s;&s;ence two Drams; Spirit of Hart&s;horn a Dram; Syrup of Clove|gilly-flowers half an Ounce: Mix.</P>
<P>Spirit of Black-cherries is of extraordinary virtue in this ca&s;e. As,</P>
<P>Take of Black-cherry Water, Mint Water, of each an Ounce and a half; Spirit of Black-cherries &s;ix Drams; Spi|rit of Hart&s;horn &s;uccinated, or Spirit of Sal Armoniac, or Spirit of human Blood, two or three Drams; di&s;till'd Oil of Amber four or &s;ix Drops; Syrup of Clovegilly-flowers half an Ounce. Mix and give a Spoonful now and then.</P>
<P>Take of Lavender-flower-Water, Sage-water, of each one Ounce; <HI>Langius</HI> his Epileptic Water &s;ix Drams; E&s;|&s;ence of Ca&s;tor a Dram and a half; Spirit of Sal Armoniac one Dram; di&s;till'd Oil of Amber eight drops; Syrup of French Lavender one Ounce: mix, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P>Take of Apoplectic Water two Ounces; Spirit of Mo|ther of Thyme two Drams; Spirit of Hart&s;horn &s;uccinated a Dram; Syrup of Clovegilly-flowers half an Ounce: mix and u&s;e as above.</P>
<P>Take of Apoplectic Water two Ounces; Water of Swal|lows with Ca&s;tor an Ounce; Spirit of Triacle camphoriz'd; Spirit of Hart&s;horn &s;uccinated, of each three Drams; Con|fection Alkermes half an Ounce: mix as above.</P>
<P>Take of Lilly Convally Water prepar'd with Wine an Ounce and a half; Elder-flower Water an Ounce; Carmi|native Water half an Ounce; Spirit of Hart&s;horn &s;uccinated a Dram and a half; Confection Alkermes a Dram: mix as above.</P>
<P>Take of Black-cherry Water two Ounces; Spirit of Black-cherries, &s;imple Spirit of Triacle, of each half an Ounce; Syrup of Clovegilly-flowers &s;ix Drams: mix.</P>
<P><HI>Timaeus</HI>'s <HI>Arcanum</HI> is of excellent u&s;e in a &s;peechle&s;s Fit. <HI>viz.</HI></P>
<P>Take of volatil Salt of Amber half a Dram, Triacle of <HI>Andromachus</HI> a Dram and a half; Pouder of Ca&s;tor two Scruples; di&s;till'd Oils of Rue and Ro&s;emary, of each three Drops: make an Electuary. Do&s;e as much as will lie upon the point of a Knife, to be exhibited in &s;ome Apoplectic Vehicle. The Palat and Tongue may be rubb'd with this Electuary, or di&s;till'd Oils and Apoplectic Spirits. As,</P>
<P>Take of Lilly Convally Water prepar'd with Wine two Ounces; Spirit of Juniper-berries an Ounce; E&s;&s;ence of
<PB N="515" REF="258">Ca&s;tor three Drams; volatil Aromatic Salt half a Dram: mix for the above-mentioned u&s;e.</P>
<P>This Method being ob&s;erv'd, if the &s;ick Per&s;on do not come to him&s;elf in a quarter of an hour, blow the following Pouder into the No&s;trils, <HI>viz.</HI></P>
<P>Take of the Roots of white Hellebor, and Pellitory of <HI>Spain,</HI> Marjoram Leaves, Flowers of Lilly of the Valley, Ca&s;tor, of each a Scruple: make a Pouder, and u&s;e as above. Or,</P>
<P>Take of the Flowers of Lilly of the Valley a Dram; Roots of white Hellebor a Scruple: reduce 'em to Pouder, and add di&s;till'd Oil of Cloves and Marjoram, of each three Drops.</P>
<P>Spirit of Urine, Spirit of Sal Armoniac, and Spirit of Hart&s;horn &s;uccinated, are fit for the &s;ame u&s;e; or the Fumes of Ca&s;tor and Amber may be receiv'd at the No&s;trils; and the Temples and No&s;e anointed with Apoplectic Bal&s;ams, or bath'd with the following Mixture.</P>
<P>Take of Baum Water, Lilly Convally Water prepar'd with Wine, of each two Ounces; Apoplectic Water, an Ounce; Vinegar of Rue, two Drams. Mix, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P>The rectify'd Oil and volatil Salt of Amber, mix'd with Apoplectic Waters, are given inwardly with wonderful &s;ucce&s;s; or with Camphyr, or Oil of Camphyr drop'd into the Ear. The Back, Neck, Temples and Stomac, may al&s;o be fomented with it, or the following Mixture.</P>
<P>Take of expre&s;s'd Oil of Mace, a Dram and a half; di&s;till'd Oil of Rue, a Scruple; Oil of Spike, Oil of Amber, of each half a Scruple. Or,</P>
<P>Take of white Rock Oil two Drams; di&s;till'd Oil of Amber a Dram; di&s;till'd Oils of Lavender, Marjoram and Sage, of each a Scruple; mix and anoint the above-men|tioned parts; but withal we mu&s;t be cautious in not over|doing, le&s;t the Head be affected by an indi&s;creet quantity of odoriferous Oils applied to the Body.</P>
<P>If the Paroxy&s;m do not yield to the&s;e Medicines; the Vo|mits and Cly&s;ters mu&s;t be repeated, bli&s;tering Plai&s;ters ap|plied to the Neck, Arms, Thighs, Wri&s;ts, behind the Ears, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> the Feet rub'd and chaf'd with Pickle, or Vine|gar and Salt, and the external Parts of the Body prick'd and twitch'd.</P>
<P>Having thus di&s;cu&s;s'd the Fit, it remains now to corrobo|rat Nature, and prevent future Paroxy&s;ms by a pre&s;erva|tive Cure. For which purpo&s;e, after Purgation, Sudorifics and Stomachics are mo&s;t proper. Sage is much applauded;
<PB N="516" REF="259">as al&s;o Cubebs, Cardamom, Rocket-&s;eeds, and Mu&s;tard-&s;eeds. As,</P>
<P>Take of Cardamoms, half a Dram; Coriander-&s;eed, two drams; Rocket-&s;eeds, half an Ounce: make a Pou|der for &s;everal Do&s;es to be taken when going to Bed. 'Tis a very good Pre&s;ervative. If an Electuary be more acceptable,</P>
<P>Take three large Figs, and a &s;poonful of Rocket or Mu&s;|tard-&s;eed; mix them in a Mortar, adding a &s;poonful of &s;trong Lavender Water, and half an Ounce of the Juice of Violets. Do&s;e, the Bigne&s;s of a Walnut to be taken every Morning, and after Dinner. Let the Per&s;on take &s;ome drops of Spirit of Sal Armoniac ani&s;ated, or the Carminative Spirit <HI>de tribus.</HI></P>
<P>Some di&s;til a urinous Spirit from Rocket-&s;eeds and Quick lime, which is of admirable u&s;e. Spirit of Black Cherries is receiv'd by all as a great Specific; And like|wi&s;e the Spirit of Vitriol, thus prepar'd.</P>
<P>Take of Hungarian Vitriol calcined in the Sun, a con|venient quantity; with Spirit of Wine drawn off from Aromatic Plants, reduce it to the con&s;i&s;tence of a Pulti&s;e. Let it &s;tand and dige&s;t &s;ome weeks, and then di&s;till with an open fire. Take the Spirit thus drawn off and di&s;til it thro an Alembic; 'twill come off chafer'd; when it appears Cloudy, change the Receptacle, and receive a volatil Spirit of Vitriol. Mix all the Spirits, and after di|ge&s;tion cohobat 'em.</P>
<P><HI>Maebius</HI> his Apoplectic Spirit is very u&s;eful, <HI>viz.</HI> Take of the Flowers of Lilly Convally &s;ix pound; Cinamom one pound; Zedoary half a pound; Saffron an Ounce; Mace and Cloves, of each half an Ounce. Let 'em dige&s;t in Spani&s;h Wine for a Month, and then di&s;til the Spirit, in which &s;teep the following Ingredients.</P>
<P>Take Roots of Valerian, Swallowwort and Piony, of each two Ounces; the Leaves of Baum, Oak of <HI>Jeru|&s;alem,</HI> and Ro&s;emary, of each three handfuls; Lime-tree|flowers &s;ix handfuls; Flowers of Lavender, Spike, Sage and Thyme, of each a handful. Macerat them in the Spirit for a month in a clo&s;e Ve&s;&s;el; then add a &s;ufficient quanti|ty of Spani&s;h Wine, and di&s;til the Spirit, which may after|wards be rectify'd upon-Amber, Mo&s;ch and Camphyr. 'Tis a noble Apoplectic Medicine; but is not fit to be given in the Paroxy&s;m: For &s;uch inflammable oily Spirits have a &s;tu|pifying quality, and are very offen&s;ive to &s;ome People. In
<PB N="517" REF="259">a &s;anguin Apoplexy, the volatil urinous Spirits, and lean volatil Salts are preferable to the&s;e &s;ulphurous Medicines.</P>
<P>E&s;&s;ence of Ca&s;tor mix'd with vegetable Spirits, Spirit of Sal Armoniac camphoris'd, the volatil Salts of human Blood, hu|man Scull, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> are all much approv'd. In fine, from the in|finit variety of Apoplectic Medicines, I &s;hall &s;ingle out the following Recipe's.</P>
<P>Take of Quinte&s;&s;ence of Ro&s;emary, two Drams and a half; Quinte&s;&s;ence of Lavender, a Dram and a half; mix, and give twenty drops every Morning; and in the Evening thirty drops of Spirit of Sal Armoniac. Or,</P>
<P>Take of the E&s;&s;ence of Ca&s;tor, a Dram and a half; Spirit of Sal Armoniac ani&s;ated, Spirit of Sal Armoniac &s;uc|cinated, of each a Dram. Do&s;e, thirty or forty drops twice a Day.</P>
<P>Take of the Waters of the Flowers of the Lime-tree, Lavender and Primro&s;es, of each an Ounce; Apoplectic Water, Spirit of Black Cherries, of each a Dram and a half; E&s;&s;ence of Primro&s;es, three Drams; volatil Salt of Amber, half a Dram; Syrup of Clove Gilly-flowers, an Ounce and a half. Mix. Do&s;e, two &s;poonfuls every three hours.</P>
<P>Take of Mint Water, Lilly Convally Water, Black Cherry Water, of each an Ounce; Spirit of Black Cher|ries three Drams; E&s;&s;ence of Ca&s;tor, a Dram and a half; volatil Salt of Hart&s;horn, a Scruple; volatil Salt of Amber half a Scruple; Syrup of Clove Gilly-flowers half an Ounce.</P>
<P><HI>Poterius</HI>'s Diaphoretic Gold, given with Con&s;erve of Clove Gilly-flowers, is a famous Specific: Likewi&s;e the following Pouder.</P>
<P>Take of prepar'd red Coral a Dram; Cinnabar of An|timony half a Dram; volatil Salt of Amber a Scruple; Cubebs, half a Dram. Make a Pouder. Or,</P>
<P>Take of the Con&s;erves of Sage-flowers, Ro&s;emary-flowers, and Clove Gilly-flowers, of each half an Ounce; Con|fection Alkermes, Mu&s;tard-&s;eeds, of each three Drams; Cardamoms, Cubebs and Mace, of each half a Dram. With Syrup of Clove Gilly-flowers make an Electuary.</P>
<P>Take of the Con&s;erves of Ro&s;emary and Lavender-flowers, Con&s;erve of Baum, of each an Ounce; candy'd Orange-peel, &s;ix Drams; candy'd Ginger, half an Ounce; Mu&s;|tard-&s;eeds, Rocket-&s;eeds, of each three Drams; Cubebs, Cinnamon, Cardamoms, volatil Salt of Amber, of each
<PB N="518" REF="260">a Dram. With Syrup of Clove Gilly-flowers make an Electuary.</P>
<P>Take of Con&s;erve of Mint two Ounces; Con&s;erve of Ro&s;emary-flowers one Ounce; Pouder of Mu&s;tard-&s;eeds &s;ix Drams; Cinamom, Cloves, of each half a Dram; vola|til Salt of Amber a Dram; di&s;till'd Oils of Mint and of Mace, of each eight Drops. With a &s;ufficient quantity of the Confection Alkermes make an Electuary.</P>
<P>Take of the Con&s;erves of Ro&s;emary-flowers, and of Sage-flowers, of each an Ounce and a half; Ginger candy'd in the <HI>Indies,</HI> Mu&s;tard-&s;eeds, of each &s;ix Drams; prepar'd red Coral, a Dram and a half; Unicorn, Cinnabar of An|timony, volatil Salt of Amber, of each a Dram; di&s;till'd Oil of Amber half a Dram. With the <HI>Brodium</HI> of Ginger make an Electuary.</P>
<P>Take of Confection Alkermes, or Con&s;erve of Clove Gilly-flowers, an Ounce and a half; Nutmegs candy'd two Drams; Rocket-&s;eeds two Drams; Cumin-&s;eeds a Dram; prepar'd Amber a Dram and a half; Cardamoms, Cubebs and Cinnamom, of each a Scruple; Spirit of Black Cher|ries a Dram. With Syrup of Clove Gilly-flowers make an Electuary.</P>
<P>Take of Con&s;erve of Ro&s;emary-flowers, Con&s;erve of Sage-flowers, of each half an Ounce; Confection Alker|mes two Drams; Pouder of Ca&s;tor, the Pouder <HI>Diambra</HI> and <HI>Diamo&s;chus dulcis,</HI> of each a Scruple; Cinnabar of An|timony, di&s;till'd Oil of Amber, of each half a Dram. With Syrup of Clove Gilly-flowers make an Electuary.</P>
<P>Take of the Pouders <HI>Diambra</HI> and <HI>Diamo&s;chus dulcis,</HI> of each a Dram; prepar'd Pearls, prepar'd red Coral, of each a Scruple; prepar'd white Amber four Scruples; Confecti|on Alkermes two Drams; Extract of the Roots of Elecam|pane two Scruples; Extract of Orris half a Dram; Ex|tract of Aromatic Calamus a Scruple; Extract of Piony, and of the wood Aloe, of each half a Scruple; the di&s;till'd Oils of Sage, Ro&s;emary and Amber, of each &s;ixteen Drops; di&s;till'd Oil of Lavender twenty Drops; the di&s;till'd Oils of Spike, Ani&s;eeds, Fennel, Mace and Nutmegs, of each twelve Drops; di&s;till'd Oils of Cubebs and Cloves, of each eight Drops; di&s;till'd Oil of Rue &s;ix Drops; fine Sugar &s;even Ounces. Mix, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> This was <HI>Kolbius</HI>'s Mixture, &s;o much celebrated for its Vertue again&s;t Apoplexies: But it may be rendred more effectual by adding Rocket-&s;eeds, and Mu&s;tards-&s;eeds.</P>
<PB N="519" REF="260">
<P>All the&s;e Pre&s;criptions are proper to be us'd both in and after the Paroxy&s;m. Now in pur&s;uance of the pre&s;erving Cure, let us view the evacuating Medicines fit to be given after or before the Paroxy&s;m. Among which, Vomits ob|tain the Precedency, as <HI>Mercurius Vitae.</HI> Or,</P>
<P>Take of <HI>Myn&s;ichtius</HI> his Emetic Tartar two Grains; Sal Armoniac nine Grains. Make a Pouder. Or,</P>
<P>Take of Tartar vitriolated &s;ix Grains; <HI>Myn&s;ichtius</HI>'s Emetic Tartar two Grains; Scammony &s;ulphurated one Grain.</P>
<P>Purgative Medicines are next in order. As,</P>
<P>Take of <HI>Crato</HI>'s Pills of Amber, Extract of Wormwood, of each half a Scruple; Extract of Troches Alhandal, one Grain; di&s;till'd Oil of Amber two Drops. With E&s;&s;ence of Primro&s;es make Pills.</P>
<P>Take of &s;weet Mercury a Scruple; Scammony &s;ulphurat|ed five Grains. With Con&s;erve of Clove Gilly-flowers make a Bolus.</P>
<P>Take of <HI>Ruffus</HI> his Pills <HI>de tribus,</HI> half a Scruple; Ex|tract of black Hellebor five Grains; Tartar vitriolated, three Grains. With di&s;till'd Oil of Caraways make Pills.</P>
<P>Take of Gum Ammoniac di&s;&s;olv'd in Vinegar, Bdellium di&s;&s;olv'd in Vinegar, of each half a Dram; Vitriol of Steel calcinated till it become white, a Scruple; Magi&s;tery of the Gum of Peru fifteen Grains; Scammony prepar'd according to <HI>Brendelius</HI>'s Method, a Scruple; Extract of Troches Alhandal &s;ix Grains: make a Ma&s;s for Pills, fif|teen of which are one Do&s;e.</P>
<P>The Decoction of &s;udorific Woods are very proper in the declination of the Paroxy&s;m, and ought to be con|tinued for &s;ome time.</P>
<P>If the&s;e and &s;uch like Remedies do not accompli&s;h the Cure, we mu&s;t have recour&s;e to Setums, Cuppinggla&s;&s;es, I&s;&s;ues, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> If the Per&s;on be of a Catarrhous Con&s;tituti|on, an I&s;&s;ue in the pit of the Neck is very proper. But the&s;e external Helps are of no u&s;e in po&s;itive Apoplexies; in the privative indeed, where the Blood or Lymph is faulty, they frequently afford relief.</P>
<P>The Plai&s;ter <HI>de Ranis,</HI> with Mercury, mix'd with Bal&s;am of Peru di&s;&s;olv'd with the Yelk of an Egg, may be applied to the Head with good &s;ucce&s;s. When the Di&s;ea&s;e de|clines, a Salivation perhaps may not be improper.</P>
</DIV5>
<DIV5 N="2" TYPE="article">
<PB N="520" REF="261">
<HEAD>ART. II. <HI>Of particular Apoplexies.</HI></HEAD>
<P>WHEN an Apoplexy &s;eizes a particular part, 'tis call'd Paraplegia, and by mo&s;t of Writers is referr'd to Pal&s;ies; but the frequent reciprocal Permutation of gene|ral Apoplexies and Paraplegia's vouch for their near alliance. Sometimes it is only a retainer to a univer&s;al Apoplexy, at other times it comes of it &s;elf in the form of a principal Di&s;ea&s;e. It admits of three degrees; 1. When the Sen&s;e of the Part remains, and only its motion is lo&s;t. 2. When 'tis depriv'd both of Sen&s;e and Motion; but retains its na|tural heat. 3. When 'tis de&s;titute of Sen&s;e, Motion and Heat, and becomes flaccid and &s;oft.</P>
<P>Some a&s;&s;ign the Ob&s;truction of the Nerves for its Cau&s;e, but Experience teaches us that it may proceed by con&s;ent from other parts; from Hy&s;teric Fits, Worms in the Guts, and the Pa&s;tions of the Mind. The true cau&s;e &s;eems to be the contraction of the nervous Parts about the root of the Spinal Marrow, which interrupts the intercour&s;e of the Spi|rits to the part affected, perhaps by the con&s;ent of the Nerves; as the Stone in the Kidneys is wont to &s;tupify the Leg of the re&s;pective &s;ide.</P>
<P>It undergoes a frequent Permutation into Convul&s;ions and Pal&s;ies. The manner of its &s;ucce&s;&s;ion to privative Apoplexies is accounted for above. It &s;ucceeds likewi&s;e to po&s;itive Apoplexies, and in that ca&s;e &s;eems to be tinctur'd with a convul&s;ive Quality.</P>
<P>The Method of cure is the &s;ame, as that of an univer&s;al Apoplexy. Vomits are always proper, e&s;pecially if it fol|low an univer&s;al Apoplexy. As,</P>
<P>Take of <HI>Mercurius Vitae</HI> two Grains; Scammony &s;ul|phurated three Grains: with Con&s;erve of Buglo&s;s-flowers make a Bolus.</P>
<P>If Vomiting be very unea&s;y to the Patient, give a &s;trong Purge. As,</P>
<P>Take of Re&s;in of Jalap half a Scruple; di&s;&s;olve it with the yelk of an Egg in Fumitory Water &s;ix drams, Cin|namom Water a Dram. Mix.</P>
<P>When it follows privative Apoplexies, Bloodletting is proper; otherwi&s;e it ought to be avoided, except in the ca&s;e of a Plaethora. I&s;&s;ues, Bli&s;tering Plai&s;ters laid on the Pit of the Neck, and &s;carify'd Cupping-gla&s;&s;es applied
<PB N="521" REF="261">between the Shoulders are likewi&s;e u&s;eful again&s;t this pri|vative &s;ort.</P>
<P>The&s;e general Remedies being premis'd, Sudorifics come next, as the volatil Salts and Spirits of human Scull, or human Blood, and all Apoplectic or Epileptic Specifics. The Decocti|on of Woods, with Juniper and Laurel-berries, and Roots of Elecampane, is very much us'd for this purpo&s;e. As,</P>
<P>Take of Sa&s;&s;afras Wood two Ounces; Ro&s;emary|leaves, a handful or two; fre&s;h juicy Juniper-berries, or Laurel-berries, an Ounce and a half, or two Ounces; boil 'em in a <HI>Balneum Mariae</HI> in Wine and Water, of each a pound and a half, with an Alembic. Mix the &s;train'd Decoction and the di&s;till'd Liquor, and add of Spirit of Juniper-berries four Ounces; Spirit of Sal Armoniac three or four Drams; Syrup of Clove Gilly-flowers three Ounces. Mix, and give a large draught thrice a day.</P>
<P><HI>Poterius</HI>'s Diaphoretic Gold is admirably fitted for this Ca&s;e. He either prepar'd it of Gold calcined by Amalga|mation; or, mix'd <HI>Aurum fulminans</HI> with a double quantity of flowers of Sulphur, and reduc'd it to a Pouder of a pur|ple Colour, by putting red hot Coals into the Crucible; then dige&s;ted it for fifteen days in rectify'd Spirit of Wine impregnated with Ani&s;eeds; and afterwards &s;eparat|ed the Spirit either by di&s;tillation or deflagration, and re|&s;erv'd the Pouder for u&s;e. 'Tis not fit to be given in a liquid form, for that it &s;inks to the bottom: but thus,</P>
<P>Take of Con&s;erve of Clove Gilly-flowers a Dram; Dia|phoretic Gold, from fifteen Grains to a Scruple. Make a Bolus for two Do&s;es. Or,</P>
<P>Take of prepar'd human Scull, prepar'd Unicorn's Horn, of each fifteen Grains; Diaphoretic Gold half a Scruple. Mix. Or,</P>
<P>Take of human Scull prepar'd without fire, prepar'd red Coral, of each fifteen Grains; fulminatory Gold three Grains. Mix. Or,</P>
<P>Take of human Scull prepar'd without fire, prepar'd Uni|corn's Horn, of each twelve Grains; fulminatory Gold four Grains; volatil Salt of Vipers &s;ix Grains. Mix.</P>
<P>After the fir&s;t Do&s;e of the&s;e Pouders, the Per&s;on may take a &s;poonful or two of Spirit of Triacle, and then make account to &s;weat. Cinnabar of Antimony is likewi&s;e a no|ble Sudorific. As,</P>
<P>Take of Cinnabar of Antimony fifteen Grains; Amber half a Scruple; volatil Salt of Amber five Grains: make a Pouder. Or,</P>
<PB N="522" REF="262">
<P>Take of prepar'd human Scull, prepar'd red Coral, Cin|nabar of Antimony, of each half a Scruple; di&s;till'd Oils of Cinnamom and of Cloves, of each a Drop. Make a Pouder to be taken in a convenient Vehicle. Or,</P>
<P>Take of Black Cherry Water, Lilly Convally Water, Mint Water, of each an Ounce; Spirit of Black Cherries &s;ix Drams; Cinnabar of Antimony half a Dram; volatil Salt of Hart&s;horn fifteen Grains; Syrup of Clove Gilly|flowers an Ounce. Mix.</P>
<P>For an Apoplexy of the Hands, foment the Pit of the Neck with di&s;till'd Oils and &s;pirituous Waters. If the Feet be affected, apply them to the Loins and neighbouring Parts. But fat expre&s;s'd Oils mu&s;t be avoided.</P>
<P>Take of Mu&s;tard&s;eeds one part; Juniper-berries two parts; brui&s;e and infu&s;e them in Spirit of Wine, which re|&s;erve for Fomentation.</P>
<P>Take of Spirit of Wine camphoris'd, or Spirit of Ants, three Ounces; Spirit of Earthworms an Ounce and a half; E&s;&s;ence of Ca&s;tor &s;ix Drams; Spirit of Sal Armoniac with Quicklime three Drams: mix and bathe the Back-bone im|mediatly after &s;weating, applying afterwards a warm Cloth fumigated with Gum Ammoniac, or rubbing it with di&s;till'd Oils mix'd with Oil of Tartar, or &s;ome of the Oils of the fat and hard parts of Animals, &s;trip'd of their nau&s;eous &s;tink by frequent Cohobation upon their <HI>Caput Mortuum.</HI> If they are of them&s;elves too &s;harp, or apt to draw Bli&s;ters, qualify 'em with the Oil of Earthworms by decoction.</P>
<P>If the part affected be apt to wither and con&s;ume; tho the root of the Evil be not &s;eated in it, 'tis not improper to anoint it with the following Mixture, in order to provoke and waken the Spirits.</P>
<P>Take of Spirit of Earth-worms three Ounces; di&s;till'd Oils of Spike, and of Juniper, of each a Dram and a half; di&s;till'd Oils of Lavender and Marjoram, of each half a Dram; di&s;till'd Oil of Amber two Scruples; plumous Al|lum (which ought always to be added in this ca&s;e) a Scru|ple.</P>
<P>If this prove too &s;harp, as it frequently do's to &s;corbu|tic Con&s;titutions, take of human or Goo&s;e fat three or four Ounces; di&s;till'd Oil of Turpentin three Drams; Oil of Juniper-berries two Drams; Oil of Spike half a Dram. Mix, and u&s;e as above.</P>
<P>Let the following Plai&s;ter be likewi&s;e applied to the Back|bone, <HI>viz.</HI></P>
<PB N="523" REF="262">
<P>Take of Gum Galbanum two parts; Gum Caran one part; &s;often 'em with &s;tone Oil into the Con&s;i&s;tence of a Plai&s;ter.</P>
<P>Bathing in a Decoction of Ants is of &s;ingular Virtue both in this and many other ca&s;es; of which more el&s;e|where.</P>
</DIV5>
<DIV5 N="3" TYPE="article">
<HEAD>ART. III. <HI>Of a Pal&s;y.</HI></HEAD>
<P>A Pal&s;y ought to be carefully di&s;tingui&s;h'd from a &s;tupi|dity of any part, and particular Apoplexies, tho it be near ally'd to both. The former retains the power of mov|ing, tho depriv'd of the Sen&s;e of Feeling; the latter relates to the Di&s;orders of the Nerves: whereas a Pal&s;y is prin|cipally a relaxation of the Tendons, Fibres and Ligaments by which the part is moved, the Nerves being only &s;econdarily affected. So a true formal Pal&s;y affects chiefly the moving Faculty, and if the Nerves are not much touch'd, the &s;en&s;e of Feeling remains. Now by this it appears that in many Ca|&s;es a Pal&s;y is accus'd, where particular Apoplexies are the true Criminals. Their difference is thus made out, 1. The particular Apoplexies are retainers to the Di&s;orders of the Brain and &s;pinal Marrow; whereas Pal&s;ies follow another &s;et of Di&s;ea&s;es, as the Scurvy, Hypochondriac and Colic Fits, and exce&s;&s;ive Drinking. 2. In the former the original and uppermo&s;t part of the Nerves is chiefly affected, and upon that account external Remedies are applied to the Neck and Back-bone, without regard to the Apoplectic Part. But in the latter, that part of the Nerve which accompa|nies the Mu&s;cles of the place, is principally injur'd, and accordingly external Applications are confin'd to that quar|ter. 3. The former deprives both of &s;en&s;e and motion; the latter oftimes retains the &s;en&s;e, and is mole&s;ted with pains. 4. The former are con&s;tant and ob&s;tinat; the latter relents now and then, and 'tis not quite &s;o hard a matter to compa&s;s its Cure.</P>
<P>Some Pal&s;ies are call'd Privative, when the Pa&s;&s;ages for the Spirits are &s;traiten'd and embara&s;s'd, by Ob&s;tructions or Compre&s;&s;ions of the Nerves, the &s;udden retreat of the &s;mall Pox, Wounds, Falls, and &s;uch like external Cau&s;es. But the&s;e are more properly particular Apoplexies. A true po&s;itive Pal&s;y may be occa&s;ion'd by a cold moi&s;t Air, ba|thing
<PB N="524" REF="263">in cold Water, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Thus old Men and Children are as it were half paralytic; the former by rea&s;on of a wa|try Serum that &s;ucceeds in the room of their exhau&s;ted nutritious Juice, and unbends the Fibres; the latter by virtue of overflowing Moi&s;ture.</P>
<P>The u&s;ual internal Cau&s;e of a Pal&s;y is an acid Humour convey'd along with the Lymph or Serum to the affected part, where it vitiats the Fibres, and renders 'em unfit for their wonted Motions. Pal&s;ies of this kind are frequently occa&s;ion'd by immoderat drinking of &s;ome Wines that par|take of a notable volatil Acid, which not being concocted in the Stomac, is thrown upon the external parts, and creates in them &s;ometimes a tickling &s;ort of Pain, re&s;embling the motion of Pi&s;mires; &s;ometimes a &s;tupid, and &s;ometimes a tearing Pain: Thus the Fibres are corrupted, but the Nerves are at fir&s;t &s;ecure; and accordingly the moving Faculty is extingui&s;h'd, while that of Feeling remains intire, tho in progre&s;s of time it may dwindle away.</P>
<P>A &s;corbutic Acid join'd to a &s;erous Vehicle, frequently cau&s;es Pal&s;ies. It proceeds in&s;en&s;ibly; at fir&s;t cau&s;es a wan|dring Stupidity and Titillation of the Fingers or Toes. One day they are quite well, another day mightily &s;well'd, and retain the Sen&s;e of Feeling, tho render'd in &s;ome mea&s;ure &s;tupid; and the Per&s;on when lying can move 'em; but if he attempt to &s;tand, can perform no progre&s;&s;ive Motion without a great deal of pain. 'Tis a volatil au&s;tere Acid that gives ri&s;e to the&s;e Symptoms; and if Au&s;te|rity prevail, Convul&s;ions and Contractions invade the part.</P>
<P>The French Pox, Worms in the Guts, and Suffocations of the Matrix may procure Pal&s;ies: But the Bilious Colic, that proceeds from thin &s;harp Humours, more frequently introduces 'em. If the&s;e Colic Pains be exa&s;perated by violent Purgation, or otherwi&s;e, as it frequently happens, the Navel being drawn inwards, and the Belly very much bound and grip'd, there follows a Stupidity, and after|wards a Paralytic Di&s;po&s;ition of &s;ome Members of the Bo|dy. In this ca&s;e the Cau&s;e &s;eems to be a Scorbutic Acid lodg'd in the nervous Knot of the Me&s;entery, which contracts the Nerves, and &s;o prevents the regular di&s;tribution of the Spirits to the&s;e Parts: So that partly by the mutual con|&s;ent of Membrans, and partly by the Tran&s;lation of the morbific Matter to the external Parts, &s;uch Pal&s;ies take their ri&s;e. The &s;uppre&s;&s;ion of wonted Evacuations of Blood, and
<PB N="525" REF="263">the Pa&s;&s;ions of the Mind, e&s;pecially Grief and Want are likewi&s;e apt to cau&s;e 'em.</P>
<P>Be&s;ides the&s;e internal Cau&s;es, there are &s;everal external Occa&s;ions of Pal&s;ies; as touching the Cramp-fi&s;h, or &s;ome Indian Shell-fi&s;hes, reported to be indow'd with a numming Virtue; approaching to mercurial and mineral Fumes, and an indi&s;creet tampering with Narcotics.</P>
<P>If the Nerves be chiefly affected, as in a total Privation of feeling, or when the Di&s;ea&s;e proceeds from a Wound, Fall, or other external Accidents, or &s;ucceeds an Apoplexy, the Original of the Nerves mu&s;t be chiefly regarded, ac|cording to the Method propos'd for particular Apoplexies. If the Sen&s;e of Feeling be intire, or not much impair'd, the Ligaments and Tendons of the part affected ought to be mo&s;t taken care of. If a Pal&s;y invade the Face, 'tis di&s;tin|gui&s;h'd from a Dog-Cramp by this, that in the former the paralytic part is &s;oft and flaccid, and ea&s;ily reduc'd to its natural po&s;ture; but in the latter, the contracted Part is hard, and cannot be brought to join the others without pain. As for the privative Pal&s;ies that approach to the nature of Apoplexies, or in which the Sen&s;e of Feeling is quite lo&s;t, or the Evil inveterat and fix'd to a Part, their Cure will be very difficult: but if once cur'd, they are not &s;o apt to relap&s;e, as the proper po&s;itive Pal&s;ies proceeding from internal Cau&s;es. If the heat of the part be quite extingui&s;h'd, and Contractions &s;eize it: If the Eye of the paralytic Side be le&s;&s;en'd: If the Per&s;on be old and of a Cacochymical or Cachectic Con|&s;titution: they are all cro&s;s Circum&s;tances. If a Trembling invade the Part: If a Loo&s;ene&s;s &s;ucceed to a light Pal&s;y, or an acute Feaver to the Apoplectic Sort: they are e&s;teem'd Signs of Recovery.</P>
<P>In regulating the method of Cure, we mu&s;t heedfully di&s;tingui&s;h the privative apoplectic Pal&s;ies from the po&s;itive &s;ort: If the former ari&s;e from external Cau&s;es, the Cure turns upon their removal, and inunctions of the part with the Queen of <HI>Hungary</HI>'s Water, Rock Oil, Oil of Juniper, Oil of Lavender, and above all Bal&s;am of Peru. Internal|ly nothing equals Oil of Lavender taken to the quantity of four or &s;ix drops in bed, in order to &s;weat; for which pur|po&s;e di&s;till'd Oil of Amber is likewi&s;e proper. If they proceed from internal Cau&s;es, Sudorific and Cephalic Me|dicines are us'd in the &s;ame manner as for particular Apoplexies; and in an inveterat Ca&s;e a Salivation is the la&s;t Refuge.</P>
<PB N="526" REF="264">
<P>As for po&s;itive Pal&s;ies, the peccant matter mu&s;t be cor|rected and di&s;charg'd by aromatic and volatil Sudorifics, and the nervous Parts corroborated and re&s;tor'd to life by the external application of penetrating meagre Oils. In order to compa&s;s the&s;e ends, 'twill be needful to ob&s;erve the following Rules.</P>
<P N="1">1. Since the peccant matter is an Acid that owes its Ori|ginal to the fir&s;t Pa&s;&s;ages, Saline Dige&s;tives, Vomits and &s;harp Cly&s;ters ought to be premis'd; and whatever purga|tive Medicines are us'd, they mu&s;t be very gentle, e&s;peci|ally in the beginning. 2. A temperat milk Diet ought to be clo&s;ely pur&s;u'd; for that it vanqui&s;hes any Acid, and &s;up|plies the Nerves with a Chyl-like Juice, capable to repair their lo&s;s of moi&s;ture, occca&s;ion'd by copious Sweats. 3. When a Pal&s;y is caus'd by a Colic or Scurvy, by all means avoid &s;trong Purges, le&s;t Convul&s;ions in&s;ue. Soft Laxatives, in which black Hellebor is the chief Ingredient, may be ventur'd upon. Or Cly&s;ters impregnated with Carminative Oils may be frequently injected; but at fir&s;t they mu&s;t be gentle and &s;oft, as tho&s;e of Milk and Tur|pentine, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> and in the progre&s;s of the Di&s;ea&s;e if the Patient reap no benefit by 'em, you may add a &s;mall Whet, 4. Fat vi&s;cous Oils are improper for external U&s;e. Penetrat|ing and &s;pirituous Liniments are only convenient, and ought always to be us'd immediately after Sweating, while the Pores are yet open. Indeed if the Per&s;on be &s;corbutic, temperat things are be&s;t to begin with. And when the af|fected part begins to wither, and the Per&s;on withal is of a choleric Con&s;titution, 'tis advi&s;able to ab&s;tain from apply|ing the&s;e &s;ubtil volatil Remedies. But where a Pal&s;y pro|ceeds from a Corruption of the Lymph, and the part is &s;well'd up, they are very needful. 5. If the &s;topping of any wonted Evacuation of Blood give ri&s;e to a Pal&s;y, repeat|ed Blood-letting is wont to fini&s;h the Cure.</P>
<P>I am now advanc'd to the Pre&s;criptions of proper Reme|dies. For Vomiting, the Flowers of Antimony, with Ex|tract of Scammony are recommended by <HI>Hartman.</HI> For Purging, Sweet Mercury is much applauded by <HI>Sylvius,</HI> and Turpentin by <HI>Platerus:</HI> Hellebor and Turbith are gene|rally approv'd; but Coloquintida ought always to be added for a Whet.</P>
<P>Take of the Arthritic Pills a Scruple; Scammony &s;ulphu|rated four Grains; Extract of Troches Alhandal a Grain: With E&s;&s;ence of Sage make Pills. Or,</P>
<PB N="527" REF="264">
<P>Take of the Herbs Germander and Groundpine, of each a handful; Flowers of Ro&s;emary, of Primro&s;es, and of Sage, of each two little handfuls; Roots of Angelica, Ma&s;terwort, and Florentin Orris, of each three Drams; Roots of black Hellebor a Dram; pick'd Senna, &s;ix Drams; Roots of common Spurge half a Dram; Cardamoms and Cubebs, of each three Drams; Salt of Tartar a Dram and a half. Mix for a Bag to be infus'd in Wine.</P>
<P>Sudorific Decoctions of Guajacum, Burdoc, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> are much in u&s;e: But <HI>Willis</HI> has remark'd that tho&s;e who&s;e Blood is &s;tuff'd with a fix'd Salt, and not much diluted with in&s;pid Serum, are apt to be offended by Sweating.</P>
<P>The internal Specifics for this Di&s;ea&s;e are much the &s;ame as tho&s;e for Apoplexies and Epilep&s;ies. The Decoction of Ro&s;emary over a gentle Fire in <HI>Balneum Mariae,</HI> mix'd with a little E&s;&s;ence of Ca&s;tor, is a noble Medicine. A large draught of it ought to be taken in the Morning with a fa&s;ting Stomac. Primro&s;es, French Lavender, di&s;till'd Oils of Lavender and Amber are much approv'd. The De|coction of Elecampane is a &s;overeign Remedy for Pal&s;ies ari&s;ing from a Colic. Sa&s;&s;afras and Guajacum are of excel|lent u&s;e, e&s;pecially the former; Ro&s;emary and Juniper or Bay-berries ought always to be boil'd with em. <HI>Poterius</HI> found great benefit by the following Pre&s;cription.</P>
<P>Take of the &s;havings of Sa&s;&s;afras Wood one Ounce; Bay-berries an Ounce and a half; boil them in &s;ix pound of Wine to three pound, and re&s;erve it for u&s;e.</P>
<P>In&s;tead of the Decoctions of the&s;e Woods, E&s;&s;ences and Spirits may be prepar'd from 'em, that are of &s;ingular u&s;e. <HI>Lindanus</HI> recommends a Wood call'd <HI>Pavana,</HI> given to the quantiry of two Scruples in a &s;poonful of Spirit of Wine: It procures Vomiting, Purging and Sweating, without im|pairing the &s;trength of the Per&s;on. Millet-&s;eeds are like|wi&s;e very proper for procuring Sweat. The volatil Prepa|rations of Tartar, are wonderfully extoll'd. Its volatil Salt or Spirit, drawn from the dregs of Wine or &s;tinking Oil of Tartar, or the Spirit of Tartar cohobated with tarta|ris'd Spirit of Urine, are very u&s;eful in Cholic, Hypochon|driac, and Scorbutic Pal&s;ies. <HI>Sylvius</HI> was wont to cure Cholic Pal&s;ies with his <HI>Sal volatile Oleo&s;um.</HI> Next are the Spirit and volatil Salt of Urine prepar'd by putrefaction, Spirit of Sal Armoniac, Spirit of Lavender, the Spirit and volatil Salt of Vipers, Spirit of Hart&s;horn &s;uccinated,
<PB N="528" REF="265">volatil Salt of Amber, given along with Cinnabar of An|timony, and Magi&s;tery of Pearls: But above all, the vo|latil Preparations from Worms and Ants, have merited the greate&s;t approbation. If you dige&s;t a vegetable Spirit with Ants for &s;ome time, you'll have an incomparable Me|dicine that may be us'd both internally and externally.</P>
<P>But withal we are to remember that the&s;e volatil Reme|dies are not fit to be given upon the fir&s;t inva&s;ion of the Di&s;ea&s;e, till the Acid in the fir&s;t Pa&s;&s;ages be in a good mea|&s;ure vanqui&s;h'd. Upon which account the fix'd Ab&s;orbents ought to lead the Van. As,</P>
<P>Take of prepar'd human Bones, from a Scruple to half a Dram; Cinnabar of Antimony, from twelve to twenty Grains; volatil Salt of Amber, from ten to twelve Grains. Make a Pouder for two Do&s;es. Now after a di&s;creet u&s;e of &s;uch like fix'd Medicines, is the time to exhibit the volatil Sudorifics.</P>
<P><HI>Poterius</HI>'s Diaphoretic Gold is a noted Specific. Six Grains may be given for a Do&s;e. <HI>Helmont</HI> commends the volatil Tincture of Coral. I have &s;een an admirable Tincturemade with volatil Spirit of Tartar in his Maje&s;ty of <HI>Great Britain</HI>'s Laboratory; but Mr. <HI>Febure</HI> conceal'd the way of Preparation.</P>
<P>If a po&s;itive Pal&s;y proceed from the Relaxation, or pre|vailing Moi&s;ture of any Part, 'tis convenient to anoint both the Part it &s;elf, and the Back-bone, with the following Li|niment.</P>
<P>Take of human and Goo&s;e Fat, of each an Ounce; Oil of Earth three Drams. Mix. Tacamahac and Bal&s;am of Peru are fit for the &s;ame u&s;e. The Plai&s;ter for the Nerves of Tacamahac and Galbanum &s;oftn'd in di&s;till'd Oil of Am|ber and Oil of Bricks may be applied to the Joints. If the Ligaments are much unbended and flat, apply <HI>Crollius</HI>'s &s;typtic Plai&s;ter &s;often'd with Oil of Bricks and Oil of Earth, and in the mean while endeavour to procure Sweat, by giving <HI>Venice</HI> Triacle inwardly. <HI>Barbette</HI> recommends the following Plai&s;ter,</P>
<P>Take of Gum Caran half an Ounce; Galbanum an Ounce; Oil of Euphorbium a Dram and a half. Make a Plai&s;ter.</P>
<P>If the Di&s;ea&s;e proceed from mercurial Fumes, exhibit the Decoction of Elecampane and Fennel; and after the Mercury is thrown out by &s;weating, let the Patient drink Whey or Milk.</P>
<P>In a &s;corbutic light Pal&s;y, the urinous volatil Medicines, and Milk are proper. The Decoction of Pine-Apple is likewi&s;e much commended. Or,</P>
<PB N="529" REF="265">
<P>Take of the Tendrels of Fir an Ounce and a half; China Roots an Ounce; cut them &s;mall, and boil them in Ale and Water till the half be con&s;um'd. Give a draught of the &s;train'd liquor twice a day. The&s;e Ingredients may be al&s;o boil'd in Milk.</P>
<P>The Decoction of Betony with Juniper berries; or an E&s;&s;ence prepar'd from the Rob of Pine-apples with &s;ome Anti&s;corbutic Spirit, and mix'd with Ca&s;tor, are very proper. After a regular u&s;e of fix'd Ab&s;orbents and volatil Medicines, Milk or Whey mix'd with Anti&s;corbutics is a &s;overeign Remedy; but it ought always to follow the&s;e Premi&s;es. I&s;&s;ues and Setums are not improper in this Ca&s;e.</P>
<P>If a Pal&s;y proceed from the Colic; the Belly mu&s;t be chiefly taken care of; Lenitive Cly&s;ters of Turpentin and Milk frequently injected: and &s;trong Purgatives carefully avoided. The Decoction of Elecampane, of Millet-&s;eeds and the four hot Seeds, and Sa&s;&s;afras, are proper Sudo|rifics. Whey mix'd with Anti&s;corbutics is much e&s;teem'd. Let the Navel and part affected be fomented with Spirit of Tartar or of Sal Armoniac, and anointed thrice a day with <HI>Paracel&s;us</HI> his <HI>Galbanetum.</HI></P>
<P>So much for the internal Cure of Pal&s;ies, It remains now to con&s;ider the external Forms. If the Di&s;ea&s;e be inveterat, and the Part begin to wither, temperat fat Oils are proper. If the &s;en&s;e of Feeling be not much impair'd, and the power of Moving only lo&s;t, the &s;trong Apoplectic Waters, or rectify'd Spirit of Wine, in which the Pouders of Mu&s;tard-&s;eeds, Pepper, Rue-&s;eeds, Nettle-&s;eeds, Aron|roots, and Pellitory of <HI>Spain,</HI> have been infus'd and di|ge&s;ted, are fit for external Fomentation. Or,</P>
<P>Take of fre&s;h Tobacco-leaves a handful or two; Leaves of Origanum, Flowers of Elder, of each a handful; Roots of Angelica, from an Ounce to two Ounces; Roots of Pellitory of <HI>Spain,</HI> Aron-roots, of each an Ounce; Eu|phorbium, Ca&s;tor and Myrrh, of each from half an Ounce: to &s;ix Drams; white and black Pepper, of each three Drams; Flowers of Arabian Stechas, of Lavender, and Lilly Convally, of each half an Ounce; Rocket-&s;eeds or Mu&s;tard-&s;eeds, Seeds of Mountain-Siler, from &s;ix Drams to an Ounce and a half: cut and beat them &s;mall; and pour upon 'em of rectify'd Spirit of Wine two parts, of Spirit of Earth-worms one part: dige&s;t 'em in a <HI>Balneum Mariae;</HI> and draw off the Spirit by di&s;tillation. With which foment the parts immediatly after &s;weating. Or,</P>
<PB N="530" REF="266" MS="y">
<P>Take of the Herbs Ro&s;emary, Sage, Marjoram or La|vender, of each a handful; Lavender-flowers, Lilly Con|vally-flowers, and Ro&s;emary-flowers, of each two little handfuls; Juniper-berries an Ounce; Mu&s;tard-&s;eeds, from half an Ounce to an Ounce; Ca&s;tor three Drams; black Pepper a Dram and a half. Infu&s;e them in Spirit of Wine, and after dige&s;tion re&s;erve the &s;train'd Liquor for u&s;e as above. And if the Di&s;ea&s;e be accompany'd by &s;corbutic Pains, add to it &s;ome Spirit of Sal Armoniac prepar'd with Quick-lime. Or,</P>
<P>Take of <HI>Aqua Articularis</HI> for external u&s;e, two, three or four Ounces; Spirit of Sal Armoniac with Quick-lime, from an Ounce to two Ounces; Spirit of Earth-worms pre|par'd by putrefaction half an Ounce. Mix, and bathe the part thrice a day. Or,</P>
<P>Take of Spirit of Wine camphoris'd three Ounces; Spirit of putrify'd Earth-worms an Ounce; E&s;&s;ence of Ca|&s;tor &s;ix Drams. Mix, and u&s;e as above. Or,</P>
<P>Take of Apoplectic Water three Ounces; Spirit of pu|trify'd Earth-worms, and Spirit of Sal Armoniac &s;uccinat|ed, of each half an Ounce. Mix, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P>In a Colic Pal&s;y, rectify'd Spirit of Tartar mix'd or cohobated with Spirit of Wine tartaris'd, are externally us'd with great &s;ucce&s;s. Bal&s;am of Peru di&s;&s;olv'd with the Yelk of an Egg, and mix'd with E&s;&s;ence of Amber ex|tracted by rectify'd Spirit of Wine, is much approv'd for external u&s;e in all &s;orts of Pal&s;ies.</P>
<P>Take of common &s;tinging Nettles three handfuls; Cha|momil one handful; Cumin-&s;eeds a Dram; Salt three Ounces: beat 'em well in a Mortar, and boil them in a &s;ufficient quantity of human Urine, till the fourth part be con&s;um'd. Bathe the part Morning and Evening with this Decoction, and wrap it up in a Cloth dip'd in the Liquor, and after three or four days anoint it with Oil of Foxes. In Apoplectic Pal&s;ies pricking with Nettles is a very &s;ucce&s;sful Remedy. Bathing in fermenting Wine, or &s;uch as is reduc'd to a Fermentation by throwing Quick-lime in|to it, is of extraordinary u&s;e both again&s;t Pal&s;ies and Scia|tica's; for by this means the volatil Tartar of the Wine in&s;inuats it &s;elf into the Part. A bag full of Ants thrown in|to boiling Water yields a Vapor, which is conveniently re|ceiv'd upon the part, is very &s;erviceable; after the Bag has lo&s;t its &s;mell, it may be boil'd in Water for the Patient to bathe in.</P>
<PB N="531" REF="266">
<P>Take of Brim&s;tone, and Bay-berries, of each half a pound; Roots of Gentian three handfuls; Roots of Ele|campane, and long Birth-wort, of each two handfuls: boil them in Quick-lime Water for an artificial Bath.</P>
<P>The la&s;t Refuge is the Hot-baths: But if a Colic, or u&s;e of Wine gave ri&s;e to the Di&s;ea&s;e, or arthritic and gouty Pains accompany it, they are not proper. In a word, they are more convenient for a Sanguin or Phlegmatic, than a Choleric Con&s;titution.</P>
<P>Take of the Herbs Marjoram and Sage, of each a hand|ful; Ro&s;emary two handfuls; Juniper-berries four Ounces; Bay-berries two Ounces; Roots of Pellitory of <HI>Spain</HI> an Ounce. Boil them in Water, and place the hot Decocti|on under the Per&s;on's Feet, that the Fumes may a&s;cend.</P>
<P>Take of Galbanum half a pound; Oil of Turpentin a pound and a half: di&s;til the Oil from them, to which add an Ounce of Oil of Lavender; and then repeat the di&s;til|lation, which produces an excellent Bal&s;am to be dige&s;ted and circulated with rectify'd or tartaris'd Spirit of Wine. This may be applied to the Navel, Back, or Part affected, as occa&s;ion requires.</P>
<P>Take of white Rock Oil two Drams; di&s;till'd Oil of Amber half a Dram; di&s;till'd Oils of Lavender, Marjoram and Spike, of each a Scruple: mix, and anoint the affected parts.</P>
<P>As for Plai&s;ters, tho&s;e of Tacamahac are mo&s;t approv'd, e&s;pecially when the Nerves are overcharg'd with Moi&s;ture. But if the Per&s;on be &s;corbutic, or the Part depriv'd of all manner of Sen&s;e, temperat oily things are be&s;t: As,</P>
<P>Take of human or Goo&s;e fat, of each three, four, or &s;ix Ounces; di&s;till'd Oil of Turpentin three Drams; Oil of Juniper-berries a Dram; Oil of Spike half a Dram. Mix, and anoint the Part. Or,</P>
<P>Take of human Fat two Ounces; Oil of Earthworms an Ounce; Rock Oil three Drams; Oil of Amber a Dram and a half. Mix, and u&s;e as above.</P>
<P>Take a bowell'd Goo&s;e, and fill it with the Leaves of Sage, Ro&s;emary, Spike, and Avens; to which add of the fat of a wild Cat, an Ounce and a half; Frankincen&s;e, Ma&s;tic and Amber, of each half an Ounce; Ca&s;tor and Eupho<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">bium, of each two Drams: Sow 'em in, and ro&s;t the Goo&s;e on a Spit; re&s;erving the Fat that drops from it, <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">s an admirable Liniment for Paralytic Parts. Or,</P>
<PB N="532" REF="267">
<P>Take a bowell'd Gander, and wa&s;h it well with Wine, then &s;tuff its Belly with Frankincen&s;e, Myrrh, Ma&s;tic, of each two Ounces; Ointment call'd <HI>Martialum,</HI> &s;ix Ounces. Ro&s;t it on a Spit; throw away the watry Phlegm that drops from it, and take of the Fat well &s;eparated an Ounce, and Pouder of Earthworms two Ounces. Mix, and di&s;til thro a Retort an incomparable Oil for anointing paralytic Members.</P>
<P>The&s;e external Remedies are apply'd to the paralytic Mem|bers when the Ligaments and Tendons are faulty; but if the &s;ource of the Di&s;temper be lodg'd in the Nerve, then we apply 'em to the Back or Neck, or crown of the Head, according to the Progre&s;s of the Nerve.</P>
</DIV5>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 N="4" TYPE="chapter">
<HEAD>CHAP. IV. <HI>Of the Deficiency of Rational Operations.</HI></HEAD>
<P>THE Intellect or Rational Faculty being immaterial, cannot be vitiated of it &s;elf by any morbific Cau&s;e; but for &s;o much as 'tis conver&s;ant about the Objects of our internal Sen&s;es, it makes u&s;e of their Mini&s;try; and if they are out of order, &s;hares of the common Calamity. The in|ternal Sen&s;es are the Imagination and Memory, which de|pend upon the regular Motion of the Animal Spirits in the Brain, and run into di&s;order upon their Enormities, as ap|pears <HI>a po&s;teriori</HI> by ridiculous Ge&s;tures, Words and Acti|ons. Thus whatever impairs the right u&s;e of Rea&s;on, mu&s;t immediatly affect the Imagination and Memory.</P>
<P>Our rational Faculty is injur'd either by being dimini&s;h'd or aboli&s;h'd, as by Stupidity and Folly; or by being per|verted, as in Deliriums, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<DIV5 N="1" TYPE="article">
<HEAD>ART. I. <HI>Of the defect of Memory, and Stupidity.</HI></HEAD>
<P>OUR Rea&s;on is impair'd or extingui&s;h'd by the defici|ency of Memory, which is an Endowment common to us with Bea&s;ts, and is generally affected by the Di&s;|orders of the Head. The remote Cau&s;es that prejudice the Memory may be reduc'd to three Cla&s;&s;es. 1. Whate|ver alters the regular form of the Brain, its Pores and Pa&s;|&s;ages; as Falls, Brui&s;es, Wounds, or any preternatural
<PB N="533" REF="267" MS="y">form of the Head. 2. Whatever corrupts the Blood and Animal Spirits; as immoderat Drinking, un&s;ea&s;onable Fa|&s;ting, &s;topping of any wonted Evacuation of Blood, ex|ce&s;&s;ive Bleeding, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> 3. Whatever exhau&s;ts, di&s;per&s;es, or &s;tupifies the Spirits; as an indi&s;creet u&s;e of Opium, Poy&s;on, Love-Potions, exce&s;&s;ive Venery, &s;udden Fear, Care and Watchings, and exce&s;s and multiplicity of Studies, &s;leepy Di&s;ea&s;es, Epilep&s;ies, Apoplexies, Madne&s;s, acute Feavers, the Plague, and old Age.</P>
<P>A natural want of Memory being incurable, dos not fall within the compa&s;s of our pre&s;ent inquiry. If it be pre|ternaturally occa&s;ion'd, we ought to con&s;ider the Circum|&s;tances and pa&s;t life of the Patient. If the Per&s;on be old, drou&s;y, and inclin'd to &s;leep much, and voids a great deal of Phlegm by the Mouth and No&s;trils, but retains a vigo|rous Judgment, we will find that in his Youth he was not given to &s;tudy, or perplex'd with Bu&s;ine&s;s and Care; and that the lo&s;s of Memory proceeds from an inundation of Lymph in the Brain. Old Per&s;ons who&s;e Youth was im|ploy'd in much &s;tudy and thought, have generally a dry habit of Body, void but little by the Mouth or No&s;e, &s;leep not much, and are ea&s;ily wakened: and their want of Memory proceeds from the dryne&s;s of the Brain, and agi|lity of the Spirits. If young Per&s;ons are &s;eiz'd with a lo&s;s or deficiency of Memory, who&s;e Apprehen&s;ion and Genius was and continues lively, it argues a dryne&s;s occa&s;ion'd in the Brain by the nimble Revolutions of the Spirits; and generally &s;uch Per&s;ons are in danger of lo&s;ing both Judg|ment and Memory when they grow old. And tho&s;e who&s;e Memory and Judgment are very fre&s;h and keen in their Youth, are apt to run the &s;ame ri&s;que. If a Youth have a weak Memory, and withal a drou&s;y inactive Temper, 'tis owing to the Humidity of the Brain, and Deficiency of Animal Spirits.</P>
<P>The &s;udden lo&s;s of Memory without any vi&s;ible Cau&s;e, is a Forerunner of an Apoplexy, Pal&s;y or Epilep&s;y. If it &s;urpri&s;e one already enfeebled and weak, 'tis a &s;ign of Death. If it ari&s;e from the moi&s;ture of the Brain, 'tis ea&s;ier cur'd, than when it flows from an exce&s;&s;ive dryne&s;s. If it be caus'd by Poi&s;on, Love-potions, inveterat Di&s;ea&s;es of the Head, malignant and acute Feavers, 'tis almo&s;t incurable.</P>
<P>As for the Cure. The remote Cau&s;es mu&s;t be &s;pecially accounted for: If it proceed from a dryne&s;s of the Brain, aromatic and &s;pirituous Medicines are very noxious; nor
<PB N="534" REF="268">are there any Medicines &s;o effectual, as moi&s;t and juicy Food, Milk, Chocolate, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> If it ari&s;e from the Moi|&s;ture of the Brain, attended by a &s;tupidity and drou&s;i|ne&s;s of the Spirits, Purgatives are fir&s;t proper, then Aro|matics, &s;neezing Pouders, and Medicines to be chew'd.</P>
<P>The aromatic Medicines are Ro&s;emary, Baum, Stechas, Spike, and all the Spices. Three Cubebs taken in the Morn|ing with a fa&s;ting &s;tomac, corroborat the Memory wonder|fully. Cardamoms are very good, but more proper for old than young Per&s;ons. Frankincen&s;e and Amber are likewi&s;e very u&s;eful. But above all, Ambergrea&s;e is the mo&s;t powerful Medicine. 'Tis given in Pouder with Sugar, or by way of E&s;&s;ence or Tincture prepar'd with Spirit of Ro&s;es or black Cherries. It ought to be given in a &s;mall Do&s;e, by rea&s;on of a Stupidity that &s;ometimes follows it. Where the Brain is dry, or the Patient young and of a hot Con&s;titution, 'tis not proper. But for old People 'tis incomparable, if di&s;creet|ly us'd. Be&s;ides, 'tis an incentive to Venery, which is a mortal Enemy to the Memory.</P>
<P><HI>Laurembergius</HI> recommends the four following Compo&s;i|tions for corroborating the Memory, which are chiefly to be us'd when the Brain is moi&s;t, and the Spirits drou&s;y.</P>
<P>Take of juicy Tobacco-leaves two handfuls; Roots of Pellitory of <HI>Spain</HI> three Drams; Ginger a Dram. With Hony reduce 'em to the con&s;i&s;tence of a Pultice, and make little round Balls to be chew'd or roll'd to and again in the Mouth.</P>
<P>Take of the Herbs, Baum, Marjoram, Sage and Ro&s;e|mary, Bay-leaves, of each a handful; Flowers of Laven|der, Lilly Convally, Lime-tree, and French Lavender, of each a little handful. Boil them in Spani&s;h or Rhe|ni&s;h Wine, and wa&s;h the Head with the Decoction every fourth, fifth, or &s;ixth day.</P>
<P>Take a convenient quantity of Spani&s;h Wine, in which macerat for fourteen or fifteen days the following Ingredi|ents: Take of the Herbs, Ba&s;il, Marjoram, Sage, Baum and Penny-Royal, of each half a handful; Flowers of Bor|rage, of Sage and Primro&s;es, Flowers of Ro&s;emary, of French Lavender, and of Lilly Convally, of each a little handful. Di&s;til thro an Alembic, and receive the Spirit in a large open Body, which &s;et into a heap of large black Ants, &s;uch as re&s;ort to re&s;inous Trees. When four or five handfuls of Ants have crept into it, &s;tir them with a &s;tick till they be all &s;tifled. Then &s;et 'em to dige&s;t for fourteen
<PB N="535" REF="268">days in the Sun, and after that draw off the Spirit, and infu&s;e into it of the Confection of <HI>Anacardium,</HI> Cinnamom, of each an Ounce; Saffron half a Dram; Mo&s;ch twelve Grains. Mix, dige&s;t and &s;train out the Spirit; of which exhibit a &s;poonful in a Gla&s;s of Wine every Morning.</P>
<P>Take of Tobacco-leaves two handfuls; Flowers of Com|mon Ba&s;il, of Baum, of Primro&s;es, and of Marjoram, of each a handful. Brui&s;e 'em, and mix with Oil of Olives and fre&s;h Butter, of each three Ounces; Rheni&s;h or Spani&s;h Wine five Ounces: boil for a Liniment to be &s;train'd and applied to the Temple and top of the Head.</P>
<P><HI>Montagnana</HI> extoll'd the following Pre&s;cription for a valu|able <HI>Arcanum:</HI> Take of Cubebs, Calamint, Ma&s;tic, Nut|megs and Cloves, of each a Dram; Ea&s;tern Ambergrea&s;e half a Dram; Mo&s;ch five Grains. With Juice of Mar|joram make Pills. Let the Patient take down a few at Night, and double the quantity next Morning.</P>
<P><HI>Sebizius</HI> recommends the following Pills, <HI>viz.</HI> Take of Aloe an Ounce; Rhubarb two Drams; Myrrh, Saffron and Agaric, of each a Dram; Gentian and Zedoary Roots, of each a Scruple. With <HI>Venice</HI> Triacle make &s;mall Pills. Do&s;e, &s;even or nine.</P>
<P>Tea boil'd in Wine is a &s;overeign Remedy for corroborat|ing the Memory and Judgment. Or,</P>
<P>Take of the Cephalic Water for internal u&s;e, and <HI>Aqua So|phorum,</HI> of each two Ounces; <HI>Matthiolus</HI>'s Quinte&s;&s;ence half an Ounce; Spirit of black Cherries, Spirit of Lilly Conval|ly, Spirit of Primro&s;es, and E&s;&s;ence of Amber, of each a Dram; Syrup of Betony an Ounce: Mix for internal U&s;e. Or,</P>
<P>Take of Con&s;erves of Ro&s;emary-flowers, of Sage-flowers, and of Clove Gillyflowers, of each half an Ounce; Can|dy'd Nutmegs three Drams; of the Pouders <HI>Diambra</HI> and <HI>Diamo&s;chus dulcis,</HI> and Spirit of Lilly Convally, of each a Dram and a half. With a &s;ufficient Quantity of Syrup of Clove Gilly-flowers make an Electuary. Or,</P>
<P>Take &s;ix fat Figs; Rocket-&s;eeds &s;ix Drams; Ba&s;tard Saf|fron a Scruple. With Syrup of Clove Gilly-flowers make an Electuary: of which take every morning the bigne&s;s of a Walnut; u&s;ing after Dinner Spirit of Hart&s;horn, or Spirit of Sal Armoniac, &s;uccinated.</P>
<P>Silver di&s;&s;olv'd in Spirit of Sal Armoniac is likewi&s;e com|mended.</P>
<PB N="536" REF="269">
<P>As for external Applications. Let Oil of Myrrh <HI>per deliquium</HI> be applied to the Temples and hinderpart of the Head. When the Head is oppre&s;s'd with cold Humours, let the Sutures call'd <HI>Coronalis</HI> and <HI>Sagittalis,</HI> be fomented with Spirit of Wine, with Pepper infus'd in it. In the like Ca&s;e <HI>Hilde&s;heim</HI> recommends the following E&s;&s;ence, <HI>viz.</HI></P>
<P>Take of the Leaves of Betony, of Sage, of Lavender, of Ro&s;emary, and flowers of red Ro&s;es, of each a hand|ful; Nutmegs, long Pepper, Galangal, and round root|ed Cyperus, of each four Scruples; Ca&s;tor two Drams; Nutmegs half an Ounce; Myrrh and Frankincen&s;e, of each three Ounces; Saffron half a Dram or two Scruples. In|fu&s;e them in Spirit of Wine; dige&s;t and &s;train it for anoint|ing the No&s;trils, Temples, and top of the Head.</P>
</DIV5>
<DIV5 N="2" TYPE="article">
<HEAD>ART. II. <HI>Of</HI> Deliriums <HI>in general.</HI></HEAD>
<P>THE Depravation of the Rational Faculty is call'd a <HI>Delirium</HI> or Doating, which &s;ometimes &s;eizes the Ap|prehen&s;ion alone, and at other times reaches to all the three Operations of the Intellect together. The immediat Cau&s;e is the di&s;order of the Animal Spirits, in re&s;pect of their Sub&s;tance and Motion; which occa&s;ions varions <HI>Deliriums</HI> according to the Humour and Con&s;titution of the Patient; as one and the &s;ame Wine fills one Man with Anger and Fury, a &s;econd with Mirth and Jollity, and in&s;pires a third with Love.</P>
<P>The remote Cau&s;es are either external, as narcotic Vege|tables, poi&s;onous or mad Animals, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> of which more anon: or internal, as Feavers, Melancoly, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> The&s;e internal Cau&s;es determin the Animal Spirits to &s;uch and &s;uch particular Motions, after the &s;ame manner as the Ti|tillation of the Genital Liquor occa&s;ions particular Dreams and nocturnal Pollutions.</P>
</DIV5>
<DIV5 N="3" TYPE="article">
<PB N="537" REF="269">
<HEAD>ART. III. <HI>Of</HI> Deliriums <HI>ari&s;ing from Internal Cau&s;es.</HI></HEAD>
<P>WHEN a violent Feaver attends a <HI>Delirium,</HI> 'tis call'd a Phren&s;y; or if the <HI>Delirium</HI> be not very high, a <HI>Paraphrenitis.</HI> If it be quite free from a Feaver, we call it a melancholic Madne&s;s.</P>
<DIV6 TYPE="part">
<HEAD>Of Phren&s;ies.</HEAD>
<P>THE immediat Cau&s;e is the confus'd and rapid Motion of the Spirits in the Brain, e&s;pecially in the <HI>Corpus Callo|&s;um.</HI> The remote Cau&s;es are either the Heat and Efferve&s;cency, or the Stagnation of the Blood in the Brain. In the begin|ning of burning Feavers, the former occa&s;ions the Agility and Perturbation of the Spirits; and con&s;equently the Watchings and light <HI>Deliriums</HI> that then mole&s;t the Patient. (If the&s;e Symptoms happen without a notorious Efferve&s;|cency, 'tis a fatal &s;ign of Malignity.) The latter inflames the Membrans and Cortical Part, and &s;o cau&s;es a Phren&s;y, properly &s;o call'd. This Inflammation is made to appear by diffecting Phrenitic Per&s;ons after death; and is ju&s;tly &s;u&s;pected when Pleuri&s;ies and Inflammations of the Lungs or any external Inflammations, di&s;appear of a &s;udden, and are &s;ucceeded by Phren&s;ies.</P>
<P>The remote Cau&s;es are exce&s;&s;ive Heat, drinking of &s;pi|rituous Liquors, &s;uppre&s;&s;ion of any u&s;ual Evacuation of Blood, or of a virulent Gonorrhy, Anger, and the exalted Pa&s;&s;ions of the Mind.</P>
<P>It ought to be remark'd, that tho all Phren&s;ies are attend|ed with Feavers, they do not always proceed from the Fea|ver, as in malignant Feavers, where the Blood do's not boil high. Sportive ridiculous Phren&s;ies ought to be carefully di&s;tingui&s;h'd from tho&s;e of a &s;erious, angry, and eager Cha|racter. According to <HI>Hippocrates,</HI> the former are of a more benign Stamp than the latter.</P>
<P>As for the Symptoms. An actual <HI>Delirium</HI> is ea&s;ily per|ceiv'd. An imminent <HI>Delirium</HI> is di&s;cover'd by a &s;udden al|teration of the Patient's Humour, a bold, fierce way of talking much, unquietne&s;s and to&s;&s;ing in Bed; the nau&s;eous repetition of one thing, or forgetfulne&s;s of what was &s;aid or done; ob&s;tinat Watching, or the interruption and unea&s;i|ne&s;s
<PB N="538" REF="270">of &s;leep. When the <HI>Delirium</HI> has actually &s;eiz'd upon 'em, they become moro&s;e and furious, leap out of Bed, and talk &s;trangely; the Urine is at fir&s;t thick, and in a little time after grows thin and tran&s;parent; the Head feels hot; the Eyes look glittering, fiery, and very moveable. (If they appear &s;tiff and &s;taring, 'tis an infallible &s;ign of a furious Phren&s;y.) If in the beginning of an acute Di&s;ea&s;e, the Per&s;on complain of a pain of the Eye-balls, or an In|flammation of the Eyes, or be apt to imagin &s;trange Co|lors, 'tis a fatal Pre&s;age of Doating and Convul&s;ions.</P>
<P>A proper Phren&s;y which proceeds from the Inflammation of the Membrans of the Brain, is fore&s;een from the violent beating of the Arteries in the Neck and Temples. It is at|tended by an un&s;ufferable Pain of the hinder part of the Head; a difficult Re&s;piration; an invincible Heat, and con|tinual Feaver free from the &s;en&s;e of Thir&s;t; a pronene&s;s to rub and to&s;s the Head, and pull up the Hairs. When the Inflammation relents, it tends to a Gangrene, which occa|&s;ions Convul&s;ions, Lethargies, and a total inactivity.</P>
<P>A true Phren&s;y proceeding from the Inflammation of the Brain is very dangerous. If it increa&s;e after &s;leeping; if it be &s;e|rious and fierce; if a clammy cold Sweat drop from the Head, while the Body is unconcern'd; if it be attended by a diffi|cult Re&s;piration, immoderat Watching, Headaches, notable Weakne&s;s, a gha&s;tly Countenance, an invincible Forgetfulne&s;s, a Hiccough, gna&s;hing of the Teeth, trembling of the Tongue and Hands, and involuntary voiding of Excrements; if the Per&s;on he &s;peechle&s;s, apt to gather up or pick the Bed-cloaths, or become lethargic; if the No&s;trils drop, and the Urine be not tinctur'd: All the&s;e Symptoms portend Death. A <HI>Pa|raphrenitis,</HI> proceeding only from the Heat and Efferve&s;|cency of the Blood and Spirits, is more tolerable.</P>
<P>A Symptornatical Phren&s;y is a proper Subject of Cure; but a Critical one ought not to be meddled with. It is fol|low'd for the mo&s;t part by bleeding at the No&s;e, and is di&s;tingui&s;h'd by the following Symptoms. The Urine af|fords &s;igns of Concoction; the Pul&s;e is unequal, but &s;trong and large; the Eyes &s;parkle, a murmuring Noi&s;e di&s;turbs the Ears, the No&s;trils itch, the Face is red, and the lower Belly &s;oftly di&s;tended. Sometimes 'tis u&s;her'd in by a &s;ud|den Headache; or the &s;ick Per&s;on is young and apt to bleed at the No&s;e. If the&s;e Symptoms are wanting, the Phren&s;y is &s;ymptomatical, and ought to be cur'd by allaying the Heat and Turgency of the Blood and Spirits, or removing the Stagnation.</P>
<PB N="539" REF="270">
<P>In the fir&s;t place let the Phy&s;ician take care that he be not impos'd upon by drunken Per&s;ons, who&s;e Phren&s;ies re&s;emble tho&s;e of Feavers. In the next place, if the phrentic Per&s;on be mole&s;ted with Head-aches and immoderat Watchings, Nar|cotic Medicines are very proper, but ought to be cautiou&s;ly admini&s;tred, for fear of exalting the Phren&s;y, or convert|ing it into a Lethargy. In order to avoid &s;uch Con&s;equen|ces, let us take notice of the following Cautions. 1. That in acute hot Di&s;ea&s;es, Opiats ought to be prepar'd with Vinegar. 2. That they ought not to be admini&s;tred in the beginning or height of the Di&s;temper, but only during its increa&s;e. 3. That when the Per&s;on is very weak, they &s;hould be omitted. 4. They ought &s;till to be mix'd with Bezoardic, Diaphoretic Pouders.</P>
<P>Blood-letting is always convenient, unle&s;s the Feaver be very malign; and ought to be liberally perform'd, and in the following manner. 1. Let a Vein in the Hams be fir&s;t open'd; then in the Arm; and afterwards in the Forehead. Inca&s;e of a particular Suppre&s;&s;ion of Blood in the lower Re|gion, let the Vein in the Ancle be fir&s;t open'd. In&s;tead of breathing the Vein in the Forehead, &s;ome recommend the Application of &s;carify'd Cupping-gla&s;&s;es to the forepart of the Head. 2. Let the Surgeon, while the Vein is open, lay his hand upon the Patient's Head, and mind the beating of the Artery, in order to adju&s;t the quantity of Blood to be drawn forth, and the &s;trength of the Patient. 3. Let the Orifice of the Vein be &s;top'd and open'd by turns by the Surgeon's Finger. Thus the &s;tagnating Blood is evacuated without impairing the &s;trength of the Patient in &s;o great a mea&s;ure as otherwi&s;e.</P>
<P>As for external Applications, all &s;trong &s;melling things, except Camphyr, ought to be avoided; Vinegar mu&s;t be ad|ded, but in &s;mall quantities, becau&s;e its &s;harpne&s;s hinders &s;leep.</P>
<P>A &s;ymptomatical Phren&s;y di&s;appears upon the removal of the principal Di&s;ea&s;e. Cooling and narcotic Medicines are its proper Cure; to which Diaphoretic Febrifuga's are join'd according to the Degree and Circum&s;tances of the Feaver.</P>
<P>Take of the Waters of Male Pimpernel, Pur&s;lain, and white Water-Lillies, of each an Ounce and a half; Sy|rup of Water-Lillies, and Syrup of Poppies, of each &s;ix Drams.</P>
<P>The Acid Mineral Spirits of Vitriol, Salt, Sulphur, dulcify'd Spirit of Nitre, and dulcify'd Spirit of Salt, are very u&s;eful again&s;t Phren&s;ies. Camphyr has a peculiar
<PB N="540" REF="271">pacific Virtue. If it be added to Opiats, their Do&s;e ought to be proportionably le&s;&s;en'd: As,</P>
<P>Take of the Con&s;erve of red Poppy-flowers vitriolated half a Dram; <HI>Langelot</HI>'s <HI>Laudanum Opiatum</HI> one Grain; Camphyr two Grains. Mix, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P>Sugar of Lead prepar'd with Spirit of Nitre is a pow|erful Pacific. The Decoction of the Flowers of Male Pim|pernel in Water, whetted with a little Rheni&s;h Wine, is of excellent u&s;e.</P>
<P>Take of the four great Cold-&s;eeds, of each a Dram and a half; white Poppy-&s;eeds three Drams. With Pur&s;lain-water make an Emul&s;ion. To which add human Scull pre|par'd without Fire half a Dram; Bezoar Mineral a Scruple; Syrup of Pur&s;lain half an Ounce. Mix for u&s;e.</P>
<P>In a malignant Phren&s;y let the following Pouder be ex|hibited, <HI>viz.</HI></P>
<P>Take of Cinnabar of Antimony twelve or fifteen Grains; Lunar Bezoar &s;ix or eight Grains; Laudanum Opiatum a Grain; Camphyr two Grains. Make a Pouder for two Do&s;es to be exhibited in the Emul&s;ion of white Poppy-&s;eeds made with Pimpernel and Pur&s;lain Water. Or,</P>
<P>Take of the Cephalic Specific Pouder a Scruple; Sugar of Lead &s;ix Grains; Camphyr two Grains; Laudanum Opia|tum a Grain and a half.</P>
<P>Acid Juleps are likewi&s;e very proper; and if the Belly be con&s;tipated, Tamarinds may be boil'd in 'em.</P>
<P>Externally let Catapla&s;ms of Rue, Chamomile, Vervain, Briony-roots and Soap; or of Radi&s;hes, Salt, &s;harp Vinegar and Ye&s;t, be applied to the &s;oles of the Feet. Or,</P>
<P>Take of the Juice of Hou&s;eleek new drawn &s;ix Drams; &s;harp Wine Vinegar an Ounce and a half; Nitre two Drams; Camphyr half a Dram. Mix, and apply to the Stones, &s;oles of the Feet, and forepart of the Head. When the Per&s;on &s;leeps, it ought to be taken off the Head.</P>
<P>A Catapla&s;m of Hou&s;eleek, Pur&s;lain and Ro&s;es, may be applied to the Temples and Forehead. The Pulp of a Gourd applied to the Head &s;hav'd is commended by <HI>Bartho|let.</HI> Some &s;et their Feet into an excavated Gourd, and find benefit by it. The Juice of live River-Crabs newly expre&s;s'd is applied to the Forehead with wonderful &s;ucce&s;s. Or,</P>
<P>Take of Ro&s;e-water ten Ounces; Opium a Dram; Saf|fron half a Scruple. Mix them, and apply with a doubled Linen Cloth to the Forehead.</P>
<PB N="541" REF="271">
<P>Take of the Water of Frogs Spaun &s;ix or eight Ounces; fre&s;h Juice of River-Crabs, two, three or four Ounces; Opium di&s;&s;olv'd in Vinegar half a Dram or two Scruples; Camphyr and Saffron, of each &s;ix, eight or ten Grains. Mix, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Or,</P>
<P>Take of the Juice of River-Crabs, extracted with the Water of Frogs Spawn, &s;ix Ounces; Vinegar of Ro&s;es two Ounces; Triacle of Andromachus two Drams; Cam|phyr half a Scruple; Saffron &s;ix Grains. Mix, and foment the Head and Temples. Let the Liquor be lukewarm or &s;omewhat cold.</P>
<P><HI>Lindanus</HI> attributes much to the antient way of applying live Creatures, cut up along the middle, as a Dove, a Cock, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> to the Head &s;hav'd: But in the fir&s;t beginning of a Phren&s;y they rather enforce it.</P>
<P>Oftimes the phrentic Per&s;ons, thro inadvertency, neglect to void their Urine; in which ca&s;e, Take of Pellitory of the Wall two handfuls; of Par&s;ley (the whole Herb) one handful. Boil them in Water. Brui&s;e them into a Pulp, and with two Ounces of Oil of Scorpions make a Catapla&s;m to be applied to the Pubes.</P>
<P>Or, Let the Pubes and Perinaeum be fomented; and then anointed with the following Liniment, <HI>viz.</HI> Take of Cony Fat, or Ointment of Mar&s;hmallows an Ounce; Oil of Scorpions half an Ounce. Mix, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
</DIV6>
<DIV6 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>Of Melancolic</HI> Deliriums.</HEAD>
<P>THE Doatings of Melancoly are free from a Feaver. They ought to be heedfully di&s;tingui&s;h'd from the Me|lancoly it &s;elf, which is a principal Di&s;ea&s;e ari&s;ing from in|ternal Cau&s;es, attended by a &s;orrowful, fullen, peevi&s;h, pen&s;ive Humour, an unaccountable Straitne&s;s and Anxiety of the Brea&s;t, a pronene&s;s to Anger, and a facility of being frighted: Whereas tho&s;e are for the mo&s;t part occa&s;ion'd by external Cau&s;es. The Epithet of Melancoly is join'd to them, not as if Melancoly and Grief were in&s;eparable Companions, for &s;ome are merry and &s;portive; but becau&s;e they proceed from a vicious fix'd acid Humour, which the Antients call'd Melancoly.</P>
<P>All Per&s;ons &s;eiz'd with this &s;ort of Doating, have pecu|liar Symptoms and Humours according to the variety of their Objects, and the manner in which they are carried
<PB N="542" REF="272">out in pur&s;uit of 'em. But in general they all jump in the following Particulars.</P>
<P N="1">1. The Mind and Thought are always confin'd to one Object, or one Set of Objects. 2. Fear and Anxiety &s;till haunt them: tho they imagin them&s;elves rich, Mo|narchs, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> and &s;eem to be tickl'd with the Fancy; yet &s;till the Joy is but &s;hort-liv'd, and Fear, Vexation and Trouble fill its room. 3. They all &s;leep little or none at all; or if they happen to &s;leep, are &s;till haunted with fearful Dreams, and &s;caring Phanta&s;ms. 4. All of 'em have their lucid Intervals. 5. The Di&s;ea&s;e is more apt to di&s;appear or remit upon &s;ome &s;udden alteration of Diet, or any other &s;uch occa&s;ional Cau&s;e, than by all the force and application of Art. 6. The Source of the Di&s;ea&s;e is always &s;eated in the lower Belly. Upon which account Vomiting is the mo&s;t &s;overeign Remedy. 7. The Cure never &s;ucceeds without abating the immoderat Watchings. 8. Fooli&s;h <HI>Deliriums</HI> are ofttimes cur'd by fooli&s;h Remedies, which &s;erve only to rectify the Fancy; as a Man imagining Serpents to be in his Belly, was cur'd by conveying Serpents into his Ex|crements, and giving him occa&s;ion to think that they were voided by him&s;elf. We may read a great many &s;uch In|&s;tances, in <HI>Thonerus, Platerus, Fore&s;tus,</HI> &amp;c.</P>
<P>The Seat is referable only to the Imagination or Fancy, which receives the Ideas of Objects convey'd thro the ex|ternal Sen&s;es, and &s;tamp'd upon the Spirits. Now if the&s;e Animal Spirits degenerat from their lucid temperat Quality, and perform uncouth, awkward Motions, the rational Soul mu&s;t needs con&s;equently entertain it &s;elf with &s;utable Ideas.</P>
<P>Tho this kind of Delirium be different from Melancoly it &s;elf, yet it do's not invade any but &s;uch as have a Melanco|ly di&s;po&s;ition of the Blood and Spirits; which by the way is the true rea&s;on why it do's not always follow, where its ordinary Cau&s;es take place.</P>
<P>Suppo&s;e we then that a melancoly Per&s;on meets with an Object which is extreamly agreeable or di&s;agreeable to him; and is forcibly &s;tamp'd upon the mind by the intro|duction of &s;ome violent Pa&s;&s;ion, Love, Grief, Fear, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> as if a Hypocondriac Per&s;on be mole&s;ted with a murmuring noi&s;e in the Guts, re&s;embling the croking of Frogs: This fills him with fear and amazement: It determines the Spi|rits to new Pa&s;&s;ages which they are unwilling to for&s;ake: The Idea of the frightful Noi&s;e &s;till haunts his thoughts, till at length by the repeated and continu'd Rack, and inuring
<PB N="543" REF="272">the Spirits to that unwonted particular Motion of Thought, the Rational Soul is brought into a habit of entertaining and dwelling upon that Subject; and &s;o the Per&s;on is in&s;en|&s;ibly wrought into the fix'd Opinion that Frogs are lodg'd in his Belly. Now that the Spirits being forcibly driven into new Channels are apt to per&s;i&s;t in the &s;ame cour&s;e, and are unwilling to return to their wonted Devoirs, is evident|ly made out by the Influence of Pa&s;&s;ion, or any weighty Concern upon Watchings, or the Dreams of &s;leeping Per|&s;ons, which is only owing to the pronene&s;s of the Spirits to retain the &s;ame new Pa&s;&s;ages, as the preceding Bu&s;ine&s;s, and the Commotion it occa&s;ion'd had &s;o effectually cut out for 'em. The verity of this advance may be likewi&s;e evinc'd by the many In&s;tances of Per&s;ons liable to this Di&s;temper.</P>
<P>The Doating that follows Melancoly being thus account|ed for, our next bu&s;ine&s;s is to offer the Cau&s;es of Melan|coly it &s;elf. They are either external or internal. The former are &s;uch Objects as are apt to occa&s;ion violent Pa&s;|&s;ions, which immediatly di&s;order the Spirits, and con&s;e|quently the Blood and fir&s;t Dige&s;tion. The latter are &s;uch Circum&s;tances of Diet and way of living as alter the Juices of the Body, which impart the re&s;pective quality to the Blood and Spirits.</P>
<P>This Con&s;titution of the Blood and Spirits is ofttimes natural and hereditary, ari&s;ing from the nature of the Seed; for &s;o much as mo&s;t of our Humours and Propen&s;ity to par|ticular Pa&s;&s;ions is owing to the natural Idio-&s;incra&s;y of the Blood and Spirits.</P>
<P>All melancoly Di&s;po&s;itions that have a tendency to Doat|ing, owe their immediat Original to &s;ome vicious Fermen|tation or Dige&s;tion in the fir&s;t Pa&s;&s;ages. The remote Cau&s;es may be &s;ometimes external, &s;ometimes internal; but they never reach the length of Doating, till they have &s;tamp'd a vicious Character on the Belly and its Entrails. Some ima|gine a Chymeric Melancoly proceeding e&s;&s;entially from the Head; but if they view the matter throughly, they'l find cau&s;e to acknowledg their Error.</P>
<P>'Tis u&s;ual to a&s;cribe Melancoly to the Spleen: And doubt|le&s;s in melancolic Con&s;titutions the Spleen may be damag'd by the Stagnation of the Blood in the Arteries, and may &s;erve to exa&s;perat the Di&s;ea&s;e: it being a part enrich'd with good &s;tore of Nerves, and communicating with the wandring and interco&s;tal Pair, cannot well mi&s;s of being prejudic'd by the membranous Convul&s;ions that Hypocondriac Per&s;ons are &s;ub|ject
<PB N="544" REF="273">to. But originally the Spleen is faultle&s;s, and the prin|cipal Cau&s;e mu&s;t needs be a vicious Acid bred in the fir&s;t Pa&s;&s;ages, that thickens the Blood, and de&s;troys its due Fer|mentation. This is evinc'd both by the Symptoms and Method of Cure. The former are a voracious Appetite, a con&s;tipated Belly, and Acid Belchings; the vi&s;ible Effects of an Acid &s;culking in the Stomac or fir&s;t Pa&s;&s;ages. As for the Cure, it turns upon ab&s;orbent Anti-acid Medicines.</P>
<P>The Blood thus perverted by the prevailing Acid, &s;tands accountable for the difficult Re&s;piration, beating of the Heart, and the like Symptoms. It is not &s;o productive of volatil lucid Spirits as otherwi&s;e; upon which account they become &s;tiff and more fix'd, and con&s;equently apt either to move irregularly in the Brain, or &s;till to retain the &s;ame cour&s;e of Motion. In the former ca&s;e the Doatings are wan|dring and undetermin'd. In the latter, the whole force and vigour of Thought is confin'd to one Object, &s;o that ofttimes the melancoly Per&s;ons are enabled to di&s;cour&s;e and rea&s;on about it with much more accuracy than in their healthy &s;tate, when other Objects claim a larger &s;hare in their Thoughts, and cramp their Application to that one. Oft|times the &s;ick Per&s;on rea&s;ons calmly on any other Object be|&s;ide that of his Melancoly, by rea&s;on that the Spirits are not &s;o keen and eager in pur&s;uing the former.</P>
<P>The change of Air and Sea&s;ons, or of any <HI>not natural thing,</HI> &s;en&s;ibly alters the <HI>Cra&s;is</HI> of the Blood and Spi|rits, and con&s;equently the nature of this <HI>Delirium,</HI> either by quite extingui&s;hing, or heightning, or depre&s;&s;ing it; or by removing it from one Object to another: As Wine by altering the &s;tate of the Blood and Spirits, fir&s;t makes &s;ome Men cheerful, then in&s;pires 'em with a talkative Humour; afterwards di&s;po&s;es 'em to Strife, Anger, Mad|ne&s;s, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> and la&s;t of all, covers 'em with drou&s;ine&s;s and &s;leep.</P>
<P>Melancoly being grounded on the Con&s;titution of the Blood and Spirits, becomes an inveterat Companion, and ofttimes propagates it &s;elf by an hereditary Succe&s;&s;ion, e&s;pe|cially among Women, who convey the Legacy to their Daughters, that &s;urely vi&s;its 'em when with Child, or upon point of delivery, if not at other times.</P>
<P>It is ofttimes cur'd by the Stratagem of cheating the Pa|tient into a contrary Humour or Pa&s;&s;ion; which if forcible and &s;trong, recals the Spirits from the Pa&s;&s;ages in which they deviate.</P>
<PB N="545" REF="273">
<P>'Tis highly nece&s;&s;ary to obviat Melancoly betimes, be|fore its Settlement. Now a melancolic Di&s;po&s;ition is u&s;her'd in by the&s;e Signs. The Per&s;on is troubled in &s;leep, and haunted by aukward Dreams; he becomes fullen and &s;or|rowful, and courts &s;olitude; he is pen&s;ive, and apt to dwell long upon one thought; and is timorous to a high degree. If he begin to tell ridiculous Stories, and withal is full of his own Wi&s;dom, the <HI>Delirium</HI> is at hand.</P>
<P>Let the Cau&s;es be diligently inquir'd after. If it proceed from the Pa&s;&s;ions of the Mind, the Pul&s;e is low, incon&s;tant, contracted, ofttimes unequal, and &s;ometimes re&s;embles the Motion of Emmets or Worms; and when the Mind is unbend|ed by chearfulne&s;s, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> the Pul&s;e is proportionably alter'd.</P>
<P>If Melancoly &s;teal on by degrees, without the influence of external Objects, and be follow'd by wandring unfix'd <HI>Deliriums,</HI> it proceeds from the Hypochondriac Di&s;temper; and is attended by the Palpitation of the Heart, Anxiety of the Brea&s;t, acid Belchings, a murmuring noi&s;e in the Guts, con&s;tipation of the Belly, Wind, an unea&s;y ob&s;cure Pain in the left &s;ide of the <HI>Abdomen,</HI> with a Pul&s;ation in the &s;ame place, or in the Back, a notable heat in the Forehead, and wandring Inflammations over the Body.</P>
<P>If it proceed immediatly from the Depravation of the Blood, it remits now and then; the Patient is querulods and anxious, oppre&s;s'd with Grief and Sorrow, and a fre|quent Palpitation of the Heart.</P>
<P>If Melancoly be caus'd by Pa&s;&s;ions of the Mind, or ex|ternal Objects, 'tis much more ea&s;ily cur'd than when it ows its Original to the internal Indi&s;po&s;ition of the Blood and Spirits. If it be follow'd by Doting, recur frequently, or claim a hereditary Privilege, it accompanies the Per&s;on to the Grave. If it be occa&s;ion'd by preceding Di&s;ea&s;es, as Feavers, Phren&s;ies, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> a regular Diet carries it off. It is more uncommon among Women than among Men; yet the Cure of the former is more difficult, e&s;pecially if they be with Child, or pa&s;s'd the &s;ea&s;on of their Terms. If the Countenance be chearful: If the <HI>Delir<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ums</HI> begin to relent: If the Urine exchange its thin Con&s;i&s;tence for that which appears thick, muddy and black: If a Flux of the Emrods or Womb in&s;ue: If a S<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ab and &s;uch like Eruptions be&s;et the Skin; we hope a Recovery. If the Per&s;on be &s;ubject to un|couth Laughter or Crying, immoderat Grief attended by a &s;ort of Fury, it tends to a Pal&s;y or Apoplexy, or Convul|&s;ions. If he ob&s;tinatly decline eating or drinking, or to|tally
<PB N="546" REF="274">deprive him&s;elf of Sleep, he po&s;ts to his Grave.</P>
<P>We are now arriv'd at the Method of Cure, which con|&s;i&s;ts in rectifying the Blood and Spirits by proper Correc|tives, and reducing the Animal to orderly Motions. The fol|lowing Remarks are worthy our ob&s;ervation upon this matter.</P>
<P N="1">1. The remote Cau&s;e mu&s;t be taken off either by moral Per&s;wa&s;ions, or deceiving the Per&s;on with &s;ome cunning Strata|gem, &s;o as to bring him off the melancolic Fancy. If the Cau&s;e be internal, as &s;uppre&s;&s;ion of the Terms, the hypocondri|ac Di&s;ea&s;e, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> it mu&s;t be particularly taken care of. In gene|neral the hypocondriac Specifics and comforting Cephalic Medicines are always proper. 2. Vomiting is an e&s;&s;ential part of the Cure, and ought to be frequently repeated. 3. Let the Phy&s;ician be very cautious in vi&s;iting the Patients alone, for they hate the Per&s;on that pretends to cure 'em, and re|tain the Odium even after they are cur'd. 4. When the melancolic Fancy is deeply lodg'd within 'em, they ought to be undeceiv'd by the means of &s;ome Stratagem or Trick. 5. By all means the Belly mu&s;t be kept open: If it do not an&s;wer every day of it &s;elf, let Cly&s;ters or lenitive Draughts provoke it. 6. During the Sol&s;tices and Equinoxes, the Per|&s;on ought to ply proper Pre&s;ervatives, for fear of the Relap|&s;es which are wont to happen at tho&s;e times. 7. Blood-let|ting is improper, excepting the Ca&s;e of Suppre&s;&s;ions, In|flammations and Plethora's, or where Madne&s;s is fear'd. <HI>Willis</HI> fancies that when the old unactive Blood is drawn forth, it gives occa&s;ion to the Generation of new &s;piri|tuous Blood; but he &s;hould have remembred that 'tis Blood that begets Blood, and that by Blood letting, Stupidity and dull Folly is promoted. Trepanations, I&s;&s;ues, and bli&s;ter|ing Plai&s;ters are &s;ometimes us'd with Succe&s;s. 8. In the begin|ning of the Di&s;ea&s;e, Purgatives may &s;ucceed to Vomits: but in the progre&s;s of the Di&s;temper they are very improper. Dieuretics are incomparable Medicines for this Di&s;ea&s;e. Melancolic People naturally void large quantities of Urine; and its deep Tincture, muddine&s;s or blackne&s;s, betokens the declen&s;ion of the Di&s;temper. 10. The <HI>Hypochondria</HI> mu&s;t be particularly taken care of in all &s;orts of Melancolies. 11. By all means let Sleep be promoted by moi&s;t temperat Food, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> 12. Opiats ought not to be exhibited alone, nor before the Acid in the Stomac be remov'd by the univer&s;al E|vacuations. They ought to be mix'd with Specific and moi|&s;tening Ingredients. Externally Anodyn Fomentations for the Head, Wa&s;hes for the Feet, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> are very proper.
<PB N="547" REF="274">13. Their Diet mu&s;t be very regular. Their Food nouri&s;h|ing, moi&s;t, and temperat, as Milk, Rai&s;ins, Apples, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> A Gla&s;s of generous Wine is very proper now and then; a moderat Exerci&s;e and the regular Evacuation of Excrements ought to be heedfully procur'd.</P>
<P>Now of the Medicines an&s;wering the fore&s;aid intentions, Antimony is the chief both in its vomiting and purgative Capacity; but e&s;pecially the former. This and all other Emetics mu&s;t be given in very large Do&s;es, tho it is proper to begin with the ordinary one, and from thence advance gradually. The Flowers of Antimony, <HI>Aurum Vitae,</HI> the Infu&s;ion of <HI>Mercurius Vitae, Sylvius</HI>'s vomitory Soap, and <HI>Sala</HI>'s Emetic Syrup are all u&s;eful: As,</P>
<P>Take of Fumitory Water one Ounce; Gum Ammoniac di&s;&s;olv'd in Wine, from a Scruple to half a Dram; Eme|tic Syrup a Dram and a half; Scammony &s;ulphurated, Ex|tract of Troches Alhandal, of each one Grain; Simple Syrup of Ro&s;es two Drams. Mix for a Potion.</P>
<P>The Do&s;e of Purgatives mu&s;t be likewi&s;e augmented or &s;harpned with Salts: As,</P>
<P>Take of Extract of black Hellebor a Scruple; Extract of Troches Alhandal two Grains; Purgative Antimony, or <HI>Mercurius Vitae,</HI> five Grains. With E&s;&s;ence of Steel, or Tincture of Tartar, make Pills. Or, if a Potion be more acceptable, with the Waters of Pimpernel, or of Flowers of St. <HI>John</HI>'s-wort, make a Potion, and &s;weeten it with laxative Syrup of Apples.</P>
<P>The Troches Alhandal are of incomparable u&s;e for &s;ubdu|ing the vi&s;cid matter, that reigns in this and all other Chro|nical Di&s;tempers.</P>
<P>Take of Extract of black Hellebor, &s;weet Mercury, of each a Scruple; Magi&s;tery of Jalap &s;ix Grains: with Gum Ammoniac di&s;&s;olv'd in Vinegar, make Pills.</P>
<P>Take of Mint-water one Ounce; Liquid Extract of Steel half a Dram; Extract of black Hellebor a Scruple; Extract of Troches Alhandal one Grain; Syrup of Apples half an Ounce. Mix, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P>Take of Mint-water one Ounce; Gum Ammoniac di&s;|&s;olv'd in Vinegar a Scruple, or half a Dram; Tartar vi|triolated half a Scruple; Extract of Troches Alhandal one Grain; Syrup of Apples half an Ounce. Mix, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P>Take of pick'd Senna two or three Drams; Roots of Polypody three or four Drams; Roots of black Hellebor one or two Drams; Salt of Tartar half a Dram. Infu&s;e
<PB N="548" REF="275">them warm in clarify'd Whey over night. In the Morning let 'em boil gently; and add to three Ounces of the &s;train'd Liquor, a Dram and a half of Cinnamom Water; and three, four or &s;ix Drams of Syrup of Apples. Or,</P>
<P>Take of Corants bruis'd three Ounces; pick'd Senna &s;ix Drams; choice Cinnamom three Drams; Cloves a Dram and a half; Cream of Tartar three Drams. Brui&s;e 'em and tie 'em in a Bag, to be infus'd for the &s;pace of a night in three Pound of &s;imple Water.</P>
<P>Take of Gum Ammoniac di&s;&s;olv'd in Vinegar five Grains; Tartar vitriolated three Grains; Extract of Gummy Aloe two Grains. With E&s;&s;ence of Gum Ammoniac make Pills.</P>
<P>Next to Hellebor and its Productions, are the Infu&s;ions of Senna; <HI>Quercetanus</HI>'s Pills of Ammoniac, or of Tartar, of Fumitory, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P>Ab&s;orbent Dige&s;tives ought to precede the u&s;e of Purga|tives; &s;uch are Cream of Tartar, Vitriol of Steel, or its Tincture, E&s;&s;ence of Steel, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Or,</P>
<P>Take of prepar'd Crabs half a Dram; prepar'd red Co|ral, Alterative Crocus of Steel, of each half a Scruple. Make a Pouder for two Do&s;es. Or,</P>
<P>Take of Sal Armoniac, Salt of Wormwood, and prepar'd Crabs eyes, of each fifteen Grains; Laudanum Opiatum two or three Grains. Make a Pouder for two Do&s;es.</P>
<P>Alteratives in this Di&s;ea&s;e either correct the Acidity of the Blood, or amend its Indi&s;po&s;ition, and purify it by Urine.</P>
<P>Of the former kind are Preparations of Steel, &s;uch as its Infu&s;ion and Extract, with the Juice of Apples; all the Aperitive Crocus's of Mars, <HI>Myn&s;icht</HI>'s Tincture of Steel, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Lead al&s;o, but e&s;pecially its Sugar; Coral and its Preparations, and chiefly its true Tincture; in room of which, if it be wanting, you may take of the Tincture of Coral prepar'd with Spirit of Stag's Heart, or that of Ro|&s;es, one Dram; E&s;&s;ence of Baum and Saffron, of each half a Dram. And mix 'em.</P>
<P>Of this &s;ort al&s;o is the true Tincture of Silver and its Ma|gi&s;tery, either alone or mix'd with other Anti-acids, as Coral and &s;uch like.</P>
<P><HI>Myn&s;icht</HI>'s <HI>Arcanum Duplicatum</HI> is frequently us'd with good &s;ucce&s;s; likewi&s;e <HI>Lapis Lazuli,</HI> either in Pouder, or its Tincture mix'd as follows.</P>
<PB N="549" REF="275">
<P>Take compound E&s;&s;ence of Pimpernel three Drams; Tincture of <HI>Lapis Lazuli</HI> a Dram. Do&s;e from forty to fifty Drops.</P>
<P>For altering and purifying the Blood by Urine, the Ve|getable Kingdom affords many excellent Remedies; among&s;t which Tartar and its Preparations excel, as Cream of Tar|tar plain or vitriolated; or, mix'd with lixivial Salts; Spirit and volatil Salt of Tartar; <HI>Rhefeldius</HI>'s Diaphoretic Liquor of Tartar with Juices made thus.</P>
<P>Take of the expre&s;s'd Juices of Dittander four Ounces; Scurvy-gra&s;s, Sea Radi&s;h, Water and Garden Cre&s;&s;es, of each an Ounce; rectify'd Spirit of Tartar one pound. Mix and dige&s;t, and then di&s;til in a Bath over a &s;low Fire. Do&s;e, half an Ounce.</P>
<P>Remedies al&s;o are prepar'd of Borrage, Buglo&s;s, Fumito|ry, Saffron, Camphyr; which la&s;t ought always to be joined with Alteratives in melancolic and maniac Di&s;tem|pers. As, Take liquid E&s;&s;ence of Steel two Drams; com|pound E&s;&s;ence of Fumitory, and that of Saffron, of each a Dram; Camphyr five Grains. Do&s;e, thirty or forty Drops. Or,</P>
<P>Take of the Leaves of Harts-tongue two handfuls; of Fumitory an handful and a half; Flowers of Borrage and Buglo&s;s, of each a handful; of Clove Gilly-flowers and Violets half a handful; Barks of Tamarisk and the A&s;h|tree, of each &s;ix Drams; Roots of Polypody or Elecampane, Filings of Steel, of each an Ounce; Cinnamom two Drams. Cut, brui&s;e and tie them up in a Bag. Or,</P>
<P>Take of the flowers of Ro&s;emary, Borrage and Buglo&s;s, of each four Ounces; of Saffron a Dram; Quinces four Ounces; be&s;t White-Wine two Pound. Mix and dige&s;t fifteen days, and then di&s;til. Do&s;e an Ounce, to be reite|rated.</P>
<P>Take of <HI>Hartman</HI>'s Cachectick Pouder a Dram; red Co|ral prepar'd half a Dram; Camphyr fifteen Grains. Mix and divide into three equal parts, to be taken in &s;o many Mornings.</P>
<P>The following Pills may be taken before &s;leep.</P>
<P>Take of the Sugar of Lead, from five to nine Grains; Laudanum Opiatum two Grains; di&s;till'd Oil of Camphyr three Grains, and make Pills.</P>
<P>The Spirit of Sal Armoniac is an incomparable Sudorific, e&s;pecially mix'd with an equal quantity of the Carminative Spirit.</P>
<PB N="550" REF="276">
<P>If Pains &s;eize the Head, apply to the Forehead this Epi|them.</P>
<P>Take Waters of Elder-flowers, and St. <HI>John</HI>'s-wort, of each an Ounce and a half; Camphyr &s;ix Grains. Mix 'em.</P>
<P>This will yet prove more effectual, if a Plai&s;ter of Ta|camahac be applied to the &s;haved head.</P>
<P>If the Spleen is faulty, be&s;ide Preparations of Lead taken inwardly, apply the Plai&s;ter of Tobacco to the Region thereof.</P>
</DIV6>
<DIV6 TYPE="part">
<HEAD>Of Madne&s;s.</HEAD>
<P>THE Blood which in Melancoly abounds with a vitious Acidity, is oftentimes by an inte&s;tin and fermentative Commotion volatilized, and &s;o acquiring an Acrimony, and furni&s;hing the Brain with Spirits &s;utable, occa&s;ions Madne&s;s, which is Melancoly arrived at the highe&s;t degree.</P>
<P>In Madne&s;s we may ob&s;erve three Circum&s;tances; 1. A remarkable Fury and temerarious Boldne&s;s, hurrying one to attempt any thing tho never &s;o cruel and tragical. 2. A prodigious Strength, able to break in pieces the &s;tronge&s;t things, and &s;urpa&s;&s;ing that of two or three Men. 3. A won|derful Sufferance of even the extreame&s;t Cold. It is al&s;o accompanied with mo&s;t &s;tubborn Watchings.</P>
<P>The Di&s;order of the Stomach, <HI>Inte&s;tinum Duodenum,</HI> and Bowels under the &s;hort Ribs, is the cau&s;e of the gro&s;sne&s;s, thickne&s;s and vitious Acidity of the Blood, which is the immediat material Cau&s;e of Madne&s;s.</P>
<P>The formal Cau&s;e is the Spirits, which degenerating from their &s;eminal and friendly Complexion, become of a &s;harp, &s;aline, and as it were &s;ulphureous acid Quality: and con&s;e|quently being too too movable, and le&s;s capable to be check'd in their ordinary Motions, and withal penetrating every where by virtue of their pointed parts, they become the Cau&s;e of Re&s;tle&s;ne&s;s, Watchings, Fury, extraordinary Strength, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P>This Di&s;ea&s;e is more incident to the Young than Old, to Men than to Women, but e&s;pecially to melancolic Con&s;ti|tutions.</P>
<P>If it proceed from internal Cau&s;es, it is an Evil of long continuance, and of difficult Cure; which tho it remit for &s;ome Months or Years, yet it often leaves Melancoly behind, which being ea&s;ily exa&s;perated, returns with fre&s;h Rage, and accompanies the Patient till Strength failing through Watch|ings,
<PB N="551" REF="276">Fa&s;tings, and almo&s;t perpetual Movings, it kindly &s;huts up their mi&s;erable Life.</P>
<P>In curing this Di&s;ea&s;e we mu&s;t endeavour, 1. To mitigat the Fury, that the Patient may be the ea&s;ier manag'd, and Medicines exhibited. 2. To remove the Di&s;temper of the Blood and Spirits.</P>
<P>The fir&s;t is excellently perform'd by &s;trong Vomits and frequent Bleeding. Preparations from Steel and Lead, joined with Anodine Medicines, correct the Blood and other Humors; as Remedies from Camphyr and Musk do re|creat and re&s;tore the Spirits.</P>
<P>The Foundation therefore of the Cure mu&s;t be laid by admini&s;tring &s;trong and generous Vomits, not only in the beginning, but progre&s;s of the Di&s;ea&s;e: For this purpo&s;e the Antients us'd white Hellebor-roots with excellent &s;uc|ce&s;s. But it ought not to be given in &s;ub&s;tance.</P>
<P>Take of white Hellebor-roots, from half a Dram to a Dram; boil them in Wine till it become &s;oft: infu&s;e the Root thus prepar'd in fre&s;h Wine all night in a hot place; &s;train the Liquor, or &s;queeze more or le&s;s, according to the mea&s;ure of its de&s;ired &s;trength. Do&s;e, a Dram.</P>
<P>Some in&s;tead of this u&s;e Infu&s;ions of Antimonial Emetics, but they prove too weak. <HI>Morcurius Vitae</HI> is good: <HI>Aurum Vitae Kegleri</HI> is much commended; al&s;o the Leaves of A&s;a|rabacca: but all the&s;e mu&s;t be given in a greater Do&s;e than ordinary. As,</P>
<P>Take of the Con&s;erve of the Leaves of A&s;arabacca, a Dram, Pouder of its Roots two Scruples; <HI>Mercurius Vitae</HI> one Grain: make a Bolus.</P>
<P>The Infu&s;ion of human Nails, is al&s;o a &s;trong Emetic, &s;urpa&s;&s;ing tho&s;e of Antimony.</P>
<P>If in the beginning of this Di&s;ea&s;e Purging is required, you may u&s;e what I have above pre&s;crib'd for Melancoly; chiefly black Hellebor and its Extract; the <HI>Extractum Melanogo|gum Quercetani,</HI> &amp;c. to which Antimony Purgative, or <HI>Mercurius Vitae</HI> Laxative, ought &s;till to be added. As,</P>
<P>Take of the E&s;&s;ence of black Hellebor a Dram and a half; of that of Pimpernel half a Dram; Emetic Syrup of <HI>Angelus Sala</HI> half an Ounce.</P>
<P>After &s;trong Purgation, copious and frequent Bleeding is proper; fir&s;t in the Ancle, then in the Arm and Fore|head: &s;ome have been cur'd by opening an Artery.</P>
<P>Cauterizing and trepaning of the Skull have been &s;ucce&s;s|fully u&s;ed; as hath al&s;o Salivation by Mercury.</P>
<PB N="552" REF="277">
<P>But while the&s;e things are a doing, &s;uch Alteratives are to be given, as may re&s;train the boiling and wild Motion of the Blood and Spirits, and together with the&s;e Opiats and &s;ulphureous Minerals and fix'd Anodines, and that in a &s;trong Do&s;e.</P>
<P>Such altering Remedies as we pre&s;crib'd for Melancoly, may be us'd here. Particularly tho&s;e from Tartar, Steel, Lead, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> But withal Nitre and its Preparations are not to be neglected. As,</P>
<P>Take purify'd Nitre half a Dram; Camphyr eight Grains. Mix 'em, and make a Pouder. Or,</P>
<P>Take purified Nitre two Scruples; <HI>Laudanum Opiatum</HI> two Grains. Make a Pouder.</P>
<P>We may al&s;o u&s;e appropriated Specifics, &s;uch as the Ar|terious Blood of an A&s;s, Pimpernel with the red Flowers, St. <HI>John</HI>'s-wort, Fumitory, Water-Lilly, Borrage, Baum, Spleen-wort, the Herb True-love, Polypody of the Oak; to all which Camphyr may be added. As,</P>
<P>Take a clean Linen Rag of a hands length and breadth, dip'd in A&s;&s;es Blood, infu&s;e it in a &s;ufficient quantity of Water of St. <HI>John</HI>'s-wort: to two Ounces of the &s;train'd Infu&s;ion add E&s;&s;ence of Pimpernel half a Dram; <HI>Laudanum Opiatum</HI> about a Grain. Or,</P>
<P>Take the Leaves of True-love, together with the Berries, two handfuls; Leaves of red flower'd Pimpernel; Flowers of St. <HI>John</HI>'s-wort, of each an handful; Roots of Polypo|dy of the Oak an Ounce; &s;mall Rai&s;ins bruis'd two Oun|ces: boil the&s;e in a &s;ufficient quantity of Whey: to three pounds of the &s;train'd Decoction, add E&s;&s;ence of Pimpernel an Ounce and a half. Mix them. Or,</P>
<P>Take leaves of Baum cut &s;mall, an handful; infu&s;e 'em in four Ounces of Spirit of Wine; add half a Dram of prepar'd Pearls. Do&s;e, two Spoonfuls to be repeated every day.</P>
<P>The Epitheme pre&s;crib'd for Melancoly may al&s;o be us'd here. Or,</P>
<P>Take of Musk twelve Grains; Camphyr a Scruple; Red-ro&s;e-water impregnated with the Tincture of red Saun|ders, fifteen Ounces. In this Mixture dip &s;everal Folds of Linen Cloth to be apply'd to the &s;hav'd Head and Temples, wetting the Cloth as it dries for twenty four hours &s;pace; or anoint with the following Liniment.</P>
<P>Take of the Sleep-cau&s;ing Ointment two Drams, di&s;till'd Oil of Camphyr a Scruple; Musk half a Scruple; Saffron eight Grains. Mix 'em. Or,</P>
<PB N="553" REF="277">
<P>Take Ro&s;e-water, or Juice of River-Crabs ten Ounces; Opium half a Dram; Saffron half a Scruple: make an Epitheme for the Forehead and Temples.</P>
</DIV6>
</DIV5>
<DIV5 N="4" TYPE="article">
<HEAD>ART. IV. <HI>Of</HI> Deliriums <HI>from an external Cau&s;e.</HI></HEAD>
<P>THIS Cau&s;e for the mo&s;t part is the biting of &s;ome other Creature enrag'd with Anger, or taken with Madne&s;s. As in the ca&s;e of a <HI>Canina Rabies,</HI> which is &s;o called, be|cau&s;e 'tis oftene&s;t occa&s;ioned by the biting of a mad Dog; tho the Infection may be deriv'd from any other Creature. For if any Creature chaf'd with Anger bites another, 'twill cau&s;e either Madne&s;s, or a very malignant and dan|gerous Wound.</P>
<P>The&s;e things relating to this Di&s;ea&s;e are mo&s;t worthy our Ob&s;ervation, <HI>viz.</HI> 1. The manner of Infection, which may be by the &s;lighte&s;t bite or hurt of the mad Creature, or even the lea&s;t touch of its Spittle. 2. A <HI>Hydrophobia,</HI> or the fear of Water and other liquid things accompanies this Di&s;temper. 3. The malign Contagion lies hid, and as it were a&s;leep in the Bo|dy, &s;ometimes two, three, or as &s;ome &s;ay, thirteen or twenty years. 4. In the Spittle and Urine of rabid Animals are often &s;een other &s;mall Creatures, re&s;embling the Form of the fir&s;t Authors of their Madne&s;s. And la&s;tly, the in|fected Creature exactly imitates the Actions and Meen of that which gave the Contagion.</P>
<P>The Cau&s;e of this Di&s;ea&s;e con&s;i&s;ts in a certain peculiar Ferment, which affecting fir&s;t the Spirits, and then the Blood, do's in &s;ome &s;ort a&s;&s;imilat 'em to tho&s;e of the furious Creature. This Ferment is carried along with the Saliva into the Wound.</P>
<P>It is of importance to know whether the Creature by which a Man has been bitten, be mad or not, in order to prevention: the manner of the Di&s;covery is this; apply and rub upon the Wound Crum of Bread, till it is impreg|nated with the moi&s;ture, and if a Dog will neither eat nor &s;mell to it, or dies if he does, 'tis a &s;ign the Creature was mad.</P>
<P>Sometimes this Di&s;ea&s;e is accompany'd with a Feaver, and &s;ometimes not: The Signs that attend its beginning are, an anxious heavine&s;s of Heart; Anger without a manife&s;t Cau&s;e;
<PB N="554" REF="278">complaining of the offen&s;ivene&s;s of the Ambient Air; heavi|ne&s;s of the Body, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P>The Signs of a perfect Rabies are, Convul&s;ive Di&s;tenti|ons of the Members; a bloated Face; angui&s;h of Heart; frothing at Mouth; frightful Eyes; barking like a Dog, or otherwi&s;e aping the infecting Animal; re&s;tle&s;ne&s;s, perpe|tual Watching, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> but e&s;pecially an <HI>Hydrophobia,</HI> or &s;hrinking at the &s;ight of any Liquor.</P>
<P>If taken at the beginning, it may be cur'd with proper Remedies; but if it is come to perfection, and accom|pany'd with an <HI>Hydrophobia,</HI> it is an acute Di&s;temper, which &s;eldom admits of Cure, but brings Death the &s;econd or third, or at mo&s;t the fourth day from the Inva&s;ion of this Symptom.</P>
<P>In the Cure of this fatal Di&s;temper, two Periods of times are to be noted. 1. That of receiving the fir&s;t Hurt or Wound. 2. That of the &s;upervening Madne&s;s, and &s;ub&s;e|quent <HI>Hydrophobia.</HI></P>
<P>To begin with the latter: we mu&s;t endeavour by all means to explode that venomous Ferment already po&s;&s;e&s;&s;ing the Ma&s;s of Blood. This mu&s;t be done by internal Antidots, as well common as &s;pecific: &s;uch are Roots of Gentian and Swallow-wort; <HI>Galen</HI>'s Mad-wort, Rue, St. <HI>John</HI>'s-wort, Pimpernel, <HI>Carduus Benedictus,</HI> Fuller's Thi&s;tle, Sage, Betony, Myrrh, and the like. As,</P>
<P>Take of the Leaves of Rue, Sage, Plantan, Polypo|dy, Vervain, common Wormwood, Mint, Mugwort, Baum, Betony, St. <HI>John</HI>'s-wort, Le&s;&s;er Centory, of each a con|venient quantity; beat them into a Pouder, to be taken from one to two Drams in hot Broth, or a draught of Wine, or in half a Dram of <HI>Venice</HI> Triacle and Syrup of Lemmons, for forty days together at lea&s;t.</P>
<P>The Waters of Germander, <HI>Carduus Benedictus,</HI> Tor|mentil, Triacle, white Maiden-hair, and the like, are con|venient Vehicles for &s;uch Pouders.</P>
<P>Moreover, &s;eal'd Lemnian and Melitean Earths are good; al&s;o <HI>Venice</HI> Triacle, Mithridat, <HI>Electuarium de Ovo,</HI> &amp;c. but above all, <HI>Theriaca Diate&s;&s;aron</HI> with Opium. As,</P>
<P>Take of the Water of the Flowers of St. <HI>John</HI>'s-wort an Ounce and a half; <HI>Venice</HI> Triacle half an Ounce; Bezoar|dic Tincture a Dram and a half; E&s;&s;ence of Crabs-eyes a Dram: mix them for one Do&s;e. Or,</P>
<P>Take of <HI>Venice</HI> Triacle one Dram; Salt of Wormwood half a Dram; let them be taken in a Draught of &s;harp Wine.</P>
<PB N="555" REF="278">
<P>The u&s;e of the&s;e and &s;uch like Antidots mu&s;t be per&s;i&s;ted in for two or three Months; for oftentimes after it has lain hid for &s;ome Months, nay &s;ometimes years, the <HI>Hydropho|bia</HI> will again &s;how it &s;elf; &s;o that tho the u&s;e of Sudori|fics may, yet that of Specifics ought not to be di&s;continu'd. As for example,</P>
<P>Take of prepar'd Crabs-eyes, burnt Hart&s;horn prepar'd, and prepar'd Jaw-bone of a Pike, of each a Dram. Mix and make a Pouder.</P>
<P>The River-Crab alone is a Specific again&s;t the biting of a mad Dog: It mu&s;t be gathered in the Dog-days, and cal|cin'd alive: A Dram or two of the A&s;hes, with a Dram of Pouder of Gentian, may be given in a Cup of good Wine, the Patient being prepar'd for Sweating.</P>
<P>But the better way of exhibiting River-Crabs, is to di|&s;til them (being well bruis'd) with an Alembic in a Wa|ter-bath; &s;o you &s;hall have the fam'd Water of Crabs: and what remains at bottom may be given inwardly from half a Dram to a whole one, in their own di&s;till'd Water, ad|ding Pouder of Gentian-root or Pimpernel. Or,</P>
<P>Take of <HI>Venice</HI> Triacle a Dram; River-Crabs thus pre|par'd, Roots of Pimpernel, of each half a Dram.</P>
<P>The Root of the wild Ro&s;e-tree is commended by the Antients.</P>
<P><HI>Staeckerus</HI> us'd to give a Dram of Pouder of Gentian, mix'd with as much <HI>Venice</HI> Triacle, every Morning for three days, injoining the Per&s;on to fa&s;t five or &s;ix hours after, and make account to &s;weat; having fir&s;t ty'd on the Wound Garlic, Rue and Salt, bruis'd and mix'd in the form of a Catapla&s;m: which Method he &s;ays never fail'd him.</P>
<P>Some Remedies are taken from the mad Creature it &s;elf, &s;uch as its Blood pulveriz'd, given to a Dram for three days: Its Hair, Heart, or Liver boil'd or pouder'd.</P>
<P>Some plunge the Patient into cold Water over head and ears &s;uddenly, keeping him under Water a &s;mall time.</P>
<P>Purging is &s;paringly to be us'd, and that only when the <HI>Hydrophobia</HI> is but ju&s;t a beginning; in this Ca&s;e white and black Hellebor, as al&s;o Species of <HI>Hiera picra,</HI> are proper.</P>
<P>Strong Diuretics are not ami&s;s; among which Valerian and Cantharides are Specifics.</P>
<P>As to the Wound by which the Infection is receiv'd; &s;o &s;oon as po&s;&s;ible the malignant Poi&s;on is to be drawn forth, le&s;t it diffu&s;e it &s;elf through the blood. Let the Hair of the mad Creature, if it can be had, be laid on the Wound:
<PB N="556" REF="279">or the place being &s;carify'd and cleans'd with the exacte&s;t care, apply this Catapla&s;m.</P>
<P>Take one of the &s;harpe&s;t Onions, five Cloves of Garlic, and half of its Root; <HI>Venice</HI> Triacle &s;ix Drams; with half an Ounce of Ye&s;t make a Catapla&s;m.</P>
<P>Several other things may be added, &s;uch as Hony, Mu&s;|tard-&s;eed, Germander, Gentian, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P>Some apply the Liver or Fle&s;h of the Creature, as al&s;o live Pigeons; others u&s;e Scarification and Cupping-gla&s;&s;es: others wa&s;h the &s;carify'd Wound with Wine, or its Spi|rit camphoris'd, Brine, Salt Water, Decoction of Ger|mander, or Gentian-root in Water or Wine; applying af|terwards the following Plai&s;ter.</P>
<P>Take &s;ix Ounces of Wax, Oil of Olives and Goats Fat, of each three Ounces; melt them, and add of be&s;t Frankin|cen&s;e half an Ounce.</P>
<P>The Wound is to be kept open for &s;ome time, or even enlarg'd; and if it is clos'd up before the compleat Cure of the Di&s;ea&s;e, it mu&s;t again be open'd.</P>
<P>But the mo&s;t &s;afe, and withal the mo&s;t &s;peedy Remedy is burning with a hot Iron or an actual Cautery, which ut|terly de&s;troys all the Poi&s;on, aboli&s;hing its &s;eminal Cra&s;is; and &s;o leaves the Patient &s;ecure as to the fear of di&s;mal E|vents.</P>
<P>This were the proper place to treat of the <HI>Delirium Mu|&s;icum</HI> occa&s;ion'd by the biting of the <HI>Tarantula,</HI> and cur'd by Mu&s;ic; but &s;eeing it is not to be found with us, we &s;hall pa&s;s it over.</P>
<P>As for <HI>Deliriums</HI> proceeding from poi&s;onous things, whether taken down by the Mouth, or drawn in with the Breath; the fir&s;t is cur'd by a Vomit given at fir&s;t; and the la&s;t, after univer&s;al things are premis'd, by Vinegar, Ca&s;tor and Camphyr given together, or &s;eparately with proper Me|dicines.</P>
<P>As for Love-fits; they are remov'd partly by rational Per|&s;wa&s;ions, and partly by &s;uch Medicines as have been pre|&s;crib'd in Melancoly, and Melancolic Di&s;tempers, with this only difference, that the milder &s;ort will here prevail.</P>
</DIV5>
</DIV4>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 N="3" TYPE="book">
<PB N="557" REF="279">
<HEAD>AN ABRIDGMENT OF ETMULLERUS HIS <HI>Practice of</HI> PHYSIC, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></HEAD>
<HEAD TYPE="sub">BOOK III. <HI>Of the Di&s;ea&s;es peculiar to the Male Sex.</HI></HEAD>
<P>HAving di&s;patch'd the Di&s;ea&s;es incident to both Sexes; I &s;hall now enter into the Con&s;ideration of tho&s;e peculiar to Males.</P>
<DIV3 N="1" TYPE="section">
<HEAD>SECT. I. <HI>Of the Di&s;ea&s;es which di&s;order the Genital Liquor in Mens Bodies.</HI></HEAD>
<P>SOME part of the Chyle accompanying the Blood in the Arteries, is convey'd by the Spermatic Ve&s;&s;els to the Stones, where 'tis in good mea&s;ure prepar'd, by vir|tue of a particular Ferment for that purpo&s;e; and af|terwards fini&s;h'd in the <HI>Epididimes,</HI> which forward it to the &s;e|minal Ve&s;icles, to be there re&s;erv'd under the Character of the Genital Liquor, till the Act of Venery di&s;lodg it. 'Tis im|properly call'd <HI>Seed,</HI> till &s;uch time as the A&s;&s;ociation of the Woman's Genital Liquor have entitled it to that Character.</P>
<PB N="558" REF="280">
<P>It is enrich'd with a large &s;tock of Spirits, e&s;pecially by the eagerne&s;s of the Venereal Encounter, and is thereby enabled to reach and impregnat the Womens &s;eminal Eggs. It is likewi&s;e cover'd with a &s;oft &s;erous Vehicle prepar'd in the <HI>Pro&s;tatae,</HI> that joins it in its Pa&s;&s;age, and accompanies it thro the <HI>&V;rethra.</HI></P>
<P>The manner of its engaging with the &s;eminal Eggs in Women, and their Counterpart in the Act of Generation, is accounted for el&s;ewhere.</P>
<P>When the Generation of this Male Genital Liquor is di|&s;turb'd, it appears in its Deficiency, Redundancy, or De|pravation. The two la&s;t are referr'd to the Paragraph of Gonorrhaea's; the fir&s;t is the Subject of the following Chap|ter.</P>
<DIV4 N="1" TYPE="chapter">
<HEAD>CHAP. I. <HI>Of the Defect or In&s;ufficiency of the Genital Liquor in Men.</HI></HEAD>
<P>THE Cau&s;es relate either to the Matter it &s;elf, or the Stones in which 'tis prepar'd. As touching the for|mer, naturally 'tis the Chyle, or mucilaginous, fat, milky part of the Blood, as appears by its Con&s;i&s;tence, Color, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Now whatever impairs this, mu&s;t con&s;equently cau&s;e a De|ficiency of Seed. Such are Hunger, the Di&s;orders of the dige&s;tive Faculty, exce&s;&s;ive Evacuations, Watchings, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Violent Pa&s;&s;ions of the Mind, immoderat Exerci&s;e, and &s;uch like, rarify and &s;harpen the Blood beyond its due pitch, and &s;o exhau&s;t the Chyle or &s;eminal Matter. Fat and cor|pulent Per&s;ons are liable to the like Inconvenience. The milky part of their Blood, which &s;hould be di&s;pos'd of for &s;eminal U&s;e, is diverted and anticipated by its Conver&s;ion into Fat.</P>
<P>The Cau&s;es relating to the Stones, proceed either from the defect of the Ferment, or the Indi&s;po&s;ition of the Stones them&s;elves. As for the former; que&s;tionle&s;s 'tis a &s;pirituous oily volatil Sub&s;tance, as appears by the notable Changes occa&s;ion'd by it in the Ma&s;s of the Blood at the time of its Commencement. Now whatever fixes the Animal Spirits, and &s;trips them of their volatil Capacity, mu&s;t needs weaken the Ferment. Such are Spirit of Vitriol, Crude Nitre; ex|ternal Cold, or expo&s;ing the Stones to be wet; Application of mercurial things to the Region of the Pubes; exce&s;&s;ive or un&s;ea&s;onable Venery, or an indi&s;creet ab&s;tinence from it;
<PB N="559" REF="280">Drunkenne&s;s; Crudities in the Stomac, or any Di&s;order of the fir&s;t Dige&s;tion; Drop&s;ies, Cachexies, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P>If the Deficiency of the Ferment be occa&s;ion'd by any Cau&s;e re&s;pecting the Stones them&s;elves, it mu&s;t proceed ei|ther from Tumours in 'em, or from being gelded. 'Tis much doubted if there be any natural Eunuchs; for many who&s;e Stones are not vi&s;ible, may have 'em hid within the Abdomen, and give &s;ufficient proof of their Manhood.</P>
<P>The Signs are ea&s;ily di&s;tingui&s;h'd: If the Ferment be faulty, the Per&s;on is dull and unactive; the venereal Ap|petit flat; and the Seed when ca&s;t forth is thin, watry, and void of heat. The Progno&s;tics are more fatal to the <HI>Species</HI> than to individual Per&s;ons. If the Per&s;on be old, or have over-acted in his Youth, the Cure is very difficult. Some|times this Deficiency produces not only Effeminacy and Unmanline&s;s, but an univer&s;al Faintne&s;s and Con&s;umption, for want of the due Influence of the Ferment upon the Ma&s;s of Blood.</P>
<P>In regulating the Cure, a peculiar regard mu&s;t be had to the Stomac and dige&s;tive Faculty; for the flatne&s;s of this will cau&s;e a Deficiency of Seed. If the Di&s;ea&s;e proceed from a Defect in the Stones them&s;elves, the following Para|graphs account for its Cure. As for the Faults of the Fer|ment, or tho&s;e re&s;pecting the matter of the Genital Liquor; the former mu&s;t be amended by aromatic &s;harp Incentives; &s;uch as Ginger, Amber, Cubebs, Cloves, Cinnamom, Ca|&s;tor, Savin-berries, Borrace, Satyrium, Eryngo, Mu&s;tard-&s;eeds, Fennel-&s;eeds, Rocket-&s;eeds, Pepper, Cantharides, Spi|rit of Ants, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> The latter by temperat Fat, and chyle|like Ingredients, as Milk, the milky Seeds, Emul&s;ions, Yelks of Eggs, with Spani&s;h Wine, Oy&s;ters, Chocolate, Dates, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> But neither of 'em ought to be us'd &s;eparatly; but in con|junction with one another. As,</P>
<P>Take of Milk three Ounces; Sugar three or four Drams; Pepper half a Dram: mix for a Draught.</P>
<P>Take of the Oil of Fi&s;tic-nuts one Spoonful; the Yelk of one Egg; Ambergri&s;e as much as will lie upon the point of a Knife, with the triple quantity of Sugar. Mix 'em before the Fire, and exhibit for one Draught.</P>
<P>Take of the Water of Magnanimity three Ounces; Cin|namom Water prepar'd with Wine, E&s;&s;ence of Satyrium, of each three Drams; Tincture of Coral two Drams; E&s;|&s;ence of Amber a Dram. Make a Potion. Do&s;e, a Spoon|ful now and then. Electuaries are very u&s;ual in this Ca&s;e. As,</P>
<PB N="560" REF="281">
<P>Take of Indian Chocolat an Ounce and a half; Electu|ary of Satyrium half an Ounce; Eryngo-roots candy'd, Satyrium-roots candy'd, of each &s;ix Drams; Nutmegs candy'd two Drams; candy'd Ginger two or three Drams; Shavings of the Pizzle of a Stag kill'd in the act of Venery, half an Ounce; Cubebs, Cardamoms, of each a Dram; Pouders of <HI>Diambra,</HI> and <HI>Diamo&s;chus dulcis,</HI> of each four Scruples; Rocket-&s;eeds, Fi&s;tic-&s;eeds, Nettle-&s;eeds, A&s;h-&s;eeds, of each a Dram; Ambergri&s;e and Mo&s;ch, of each ten Grains. With Syrup of Canel make an Electuary; and when you are about to u&s;e it, &s;prinkle it with Spirit of Ants. Do&s;e, the bigne&s;s of a Walnut.</P>
<P>Take of the Electuary <HI>Dia&s;atyrium</HI> a Dram; <HI>Myn&s;ich|tus</HI>'s provoking Tablets a Scruple; Ambergri&s;e, Mo&s;ch, of each two Grains; <HI>Laudanum Opiatum</HI> one Grain. Mix for a Bolus.</P>
<P>Take of the Con&s;erve of Eryngo-roots, Con&s;erve of Satyrium, of each three Ounces; candy'd Citron-peel, candy'd Ginger, of each half an Ounce; Pine-nuts, Sweet Almonds, and Fi&s;tic-nuts, of each three or four Drams; Pulp of Dates and Nutmegs, of each an Ounce; Bull's Pizzle five Drams; Rocket-&s;eeds, Par&s;nep-&s;eeds, Mu&s;tard-&s;eeds, of each two Drams; Cinnamom, Galangal, and white Pepper, of each a Dram; di&s;till'd Oil of Cloves half a Dram: With the <HI>Brodium</HI> of Ginger make an Electuary. Some add the Pouder of Cantharides, but they are impro|per for any purpo&s;e, &s;ave that of promoting the Erection of the Yard.</P>
<P>The Stones of a Cock, or the Spirit of a Cock's Blood: The Blood, or Brains, or Pizzle of a Buck or a Bull kill'd in the act of Venery; or the &s;having of a Bull's Horn taken at the &s;ame time; the Tincture of Gold with Oil of Cinna|mom; the Troches of Vipers, or Pullets fed with Vipers; Borrace taken in a potch'd Egg, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> are all approv'd Re|medies for provoking Venery.</P>
<P>External Inunctions are not Improper. Let the <HI>Perinaeum,</HI> Cod, Stones, Groyn, and Nut of the Yard, be anointed with the Apoplectic Bal&s;am; or di&s;till'd Oil of Mace with Oil of Cloves, Mo&s;ch and Civet; or with the Spirit or Juice of Ants. But care mu&s;t be taken that their &s;mell do not reach the No&s;trils.</P>
<P>As for the Cau&s;es of the Deficiency of the Seed relating to the Stones; if they be hid within the Abdomen, we mu&s;t endevour to bring 'em down by jumping, leaping, <HI>&amp;c.</HI>
<PB N="561" REF="281">by emollient Baths, and anointing the place where they are lodg'd with Bal&s;am of Sulphur.</P>
<P>The &s;welling of the Stones is occa&s;ion'd either, 1. By Blood, and is call'd an Inflammation. Or, 2. By Wind, call'd <HI>Pneumatocele.</HI> 3. By a Collection of Serum within their Membrans, call'd <HI>Hydrocele.</HI> 4. By a &s;chirrous Tu|mor. 5. By a &s;uperfluous Fle&s;h call'd <HI>Sarcocele.</HI> 6. By the dilatation of the Spermatic Ve&s;&s;els call'd <HI>Hernia Varico&s;a.</HI> Of the&s;e in order.</P>
<DIV5 N="1" TYPE="article">
<HEAD>ART. I. <HI>Of the Inflammation of the Stones.</HI></HEAD>
<P>THE Stagnation of the Blood cau&s;es Inflammations of the Stones or Cod. That may be occa&s;ion'd by the &s;uppre&s;&s;ion of a Gonorrhaea, violent Ligatures, Contu&s;i|on, Blows, Compre&s;&s;ion by riding, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P>The Signs are a pricking &s;hooting Pain, notable heat and redne&s;s be&s;etting the affected Te&s;ticle and neighbouring parts, accompany'd by a &s;low Feaver. The Pain is exa&s;pe|rated by touching, and reaches almo&s;t to the Loins.</P>
<P>If it be not quickly di&s;cu&s;s'd, it tends to a Gangrene or Impo&s;tume, e&s;pecially the Inflammation of the Cod.</P>
<P>The Cure con&s;i&s;ts in di&s;cu&s;&s;ing the &s;welling, and mitigat|ing the Pain. If that cannot be obtain'd, it mu&s;t be ripen'd and open'd. For the former purpo&s;e, Bleeding and the common Evacuations, and &s;uch gentle Diaphoretics as pro|mote the Circulation of the Blood, are the proper internal Remedies.</P>
<P>Outwardly apply the following Catapla&s;m. Take of the Meal of Beans three or four Ounces; Pouder of Cumin&s;eeds two Ounces: With Vinegar make a Ca|tapla&s;m. If the Vinegar be too &s;harp, add of Lytharge of Ceru&s;e from one to three Ounces. (For Lead and its Pro|ductions dulcify the &s;harpne&s;s of Vinegar.) Apply this Cata|pla&s;m warm to the part, for all &s;orts of Inflammations.</P>
<P>Take of Quick-lime-Water a Pound, or a Pound and a half; Spirit of Wine camphoris'd half an Ounce, or an Ounce; Ceru&s;e or Sugar of Lead a Dram and a half. Make an Epithema to be applied hot: And if the pain be violent, add of Opium di&s;&s;olv'd in Vinegar one Scruple.</P>
<P>For venereal Inflammations let the Part be fomented with the Decoction of <HI>China</HI>-roots and Elder-flowers in Ale or Wine.</P>
<PB N="562" REF="282">
<P>Rue, Agrimony, Vervain, Chamomile, the Herb <HI>Paris,</HI> Elder-flowers, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> are al&s;o proper Ingredients for Cata|pla&s;ms or Decoctions. If the Pain be violent, add to them Leaves of Henbane, thus:</P>
<P>Take of the Leaves of Wormwood, Lady's Mantle and le&s;&s;er Centory; the Flowers of the Sloe-tree, Chamomile and Mullein, and Leaves of Henbane, of each a handful. Boil them in Wine with a little Water, and apply the &s;train'd Liquor with a warm Cloth to the Part. The Mu|cilage of Fleawort-&s;eeds, extracted with Water of Frog's Spawn, may be added to the foregoing Ingredients.</P>
<P>If the Tumour cannot be di&s;cu&s;s'd, emollient &s;uppurating things are proper; as the Plai&s;ter call'd <HI>Filii Zachariae</HI> &s;of|ten'd with Bal&s;am of Sulphur prepar'd with Oil of Tur|pentin. If the Pain be overbearing, let the Leaves of Hen|bane be ro&s;ted under the A&s;hes, bruis'd and applied with Lard in the form of a Catapla&s;m. When the &s;welling is ripe, let it be open'd with a Lance by a skilful Surgeon.</P>
</DIV5>
<DIV5 N="2" TYPE="article">
<HEAD>ART. II. <HI>Of a</HI> Pneumatocele, <HI>or di&s;tention of the Stones by Wind.</HI></HEAD>
<P>IT is ofttimes accompany'd by a <HI>Hydrocele</HI> or Collection of Water. The Wind is either deriv'd from the <HI>Abdo|men,</HI> or owing to the acid vitious quality of the nutritious Liquor of the Membrans &s;urrounding the Stones.</P>
<P>The Signs are a &s;welling and di&s;tending pain, without any &s;en&s;e of weight. If it likewi&s;e &s;eize the Cod, it moves too and again when pre&s;s'd by the hand.</P>
<P>All internal carminative Medicines are proper. Exter|nally let Carminative and di&s;cu&s;&s;ing Catapla&s;ms be applied. As,</P>
<P>Take of the Pouder of Chamomile and Melilot-flowers, and Meal of Beans, of each &s;ix Drams; Goats Dung and Bay-berries, of each half an Ounce. With Wine and Oil of Dill make a Catapla&s;m.</P>
<P>Take of Cows Dung two pound; Brim&s;tone and Cumin|&s;eed, of each an Ounce. With Hony or Oil of Dill make a Catapla&s;m. This is more effectual than the former.</P>
<P>If it be accompany'd by a <HI>Hydrocele,</HI> anoint the part with Bal&s;am of Sulphur prepar'd with Oil of Turpentin or Juniper, and afterwards apply <HI>Rulandus</HI>'s Plai&s;ter <HI>Dia&s;ul|phuris,</HI> temper'd with Oil of Nutmegs by expre&s;&s;ion. Or,</P>
<PB N="563" REF="282">
<P>Take of Coriander-&s;eeds half an Ounce; Cumin-&s;eeds, Ani&s;eeds, of each two Drams; Allum half a Dram; Wine, common Water, of each a pound; and foment with the In|fu&s;ion.</P>
</DIV5>
<DIV5 N="3" TYPE="article">
<HEAD>ART. III. <HI>Of a</HI> Hydrocele, <HI>or Collection of Water within the Membrans of the Stones.</HI></HEAD>
<P>THE Cau&s;e is the Rupture of the Lymphatic Ve&s;&s;els in the Stones, or whatever &s;tops the reflux of the Lymph from thence.</P>
<P>The Signs are a &s;en&s;e of &s;omething floating in the Cod, the alteration of the form and bigne&s;s of the Stone, the lu|cid and unwrinkled appearance of the Cod before a Candle. At fir&s;t the Swelling is &s;oft and yields to the touch, but do's not retire into the Belly by lying down or compre&s;&s;ion; af|terwards by continuance it becomes harder, but is capable of receiving Pits, and the Membrans grow thick and &s;tiff.</P>
<P>The Cure is perform'd inwardly by Antihydropic Medi|cines. Externally let the Bal&s;am of Sulphur prepar'd with Oil of Turpentin, or <HI>Schroder</HI>'s Plai&s;ter <HI>ad Horniam,</HI> or the <HI>Ausburg</HI> Hydropic Plai&s;ter be applied. Or,</P>
<P>Take of the Plai&s;ter of Bay-berries, Goat's Dung, of each an Ounce and a half; Cumin-&s;eeds, Flowers of Sulphur, of each two Drams. Mix with the Oil of Rue and Cha|momile, and make a Plai&s;ter.</P>
<P>Take of the Flowers of Chamomile, of the Herb <HI>Paris,</HI> of each two handfuls; Meal of Beans, from half an Ounce to an Ounce; Goat's Dung three Ounces; Pouder of Cockle-&s;hells two Ounces. Boil them in four parts of Chamomile-water, and one part Vinegar, to the Con&s;i&s;tence of a Catapla&s;m.</P>
<P>Take of Goat's Dung one Pound; Chamomile-flowers, Elder-flowers, of each two handfuls; Cumin-&s;eeds, an Ounce. Boil them in Child's Urine. Foment with the &s;train'd Liquor; and make a Catapla&s;m of the remainder.</P>
<P>Take of Cockles bruis'd together with the Shells four Oun|ces; Bay-berries, Brim&s;tone, of each two Ounces; Goat's Dung three Ounces. With Lees make a Catapla&s;m.</P>
<P>If a <HI>Hydrocele</HI> be inveterat, all external Di&s;cu&s;&s;ives are in vain, and only Surgery can afford relief. There are two ways by which it performs the Cure. 1. By pricking, or boring a hole in the Cod and outermo&s;t Coat of the Stone,
<PB N="564" REF="283">under which the Lymph is wont to be lodg'd. 'Tis a &s;afe Operation in a &s;imple <HI>Hydrocele;</HI> but in hydropic Tumours for the mo&s;t part it cau&s;es a Gangrene. 2. By cutting away the affected Stone; for ofttimes it relap&s;es after a pricking, or the neighbouring parts are in danger of a Gangreen, in which ca&s;e Amputation is needful.</P>
</DIV5>
<DIV5 N="4" TYPE="article">
<HEAD>ART. IV. <HI>Of the Schirrous Swellings of the Stones.</HI></HEAD>
<P>A Hard painle&s;s Swelling, free of all Inflammation or Heat, is call'd a <HI>Schirrus.</HI> If a pricking Pain attend a hard Swelling, it degenerats to a Cancer.</P>
<P>The Cau&s;e is the indi&s;creet Treatment of a preceding In|flammation, which gives the accompanying Acid liberty to &s;ettle and thicken the matter. <HI>Platerus</HI> mentions an In&s;tance of little Stones within the <HI>Te&s;tes</HI> cau&s;ing a Schirrus.</P>
<P>As for the Cure, 'tis perform'd by the Application of Gums di&s;&s;olv'd in Vinegar, and di&s;cu&s;&s;ive Plai&s;ters. As,</P>
<P>Take of Gum Ammoniac di&s;&s;olv'd in Vinegar &s;ix Drams; Plai&s;ter of Hemlock &s;often'd with di&s;till'd Oil of Tartar, as much as &s;ufficeth for a due Con&s;i&s;tence.</P>
<P>The Bal&s;am of Sulphur, or <HI>Rulandus</HI>'s Plai&s;ter <HI>Dia&s;ulphuris,</HI> or the <HI>Ausburg</HI>-Plai&s;ter of Ammoniac, are of good u&s;e. Baths of Wine, and, in venereal Ca&s;es, the Plai&s;ter <HI>de ranis</HI> with <HI>Mercury</HI> are not improper. <HI>Timaeus</HI> recommends the following Compo&s;ition.</P>
<P>Take of the Mucilage of Mar&s;hmallow-roots, Fenu|grec-&s;eeds, and fat Figs to&s;ted, of each three Ounces; Gum Ammoniac, <HI>Bdellium, Galbanum,</HI> of each an Ounce; Goo&s;e-fat, Hens-fat, Goat's Tallow and Turpentin, of each &s;ix Drams; Oil of Lillies, and Wax, as much as &s;ufficeth for a Plai&s;ter.</P>
<P>If it be attended by pain, we ought to proceed very cau|tiou&s;ly for fear of a Cancer; upon which account Gummy Ingredients are only to be in&s;i&s;ted upon. If it tend to &s;up|puration, it mu&s;t be open'd, or the Stone cut quite off.</P>
</DIV5>
<DIV5 N="5" TYPE="article">
<PB N="565" REF="283">
<HEAD>ART. V. <HI>Of a</HI> Sarcocele, <HI>or fle&s;hy Swelling of the Stones.</HI></HEAD>
<P>EXternal Blows, Falls, and &s;uch like Accidents do not only cau&s;e Inflammations, but &s;ometimes tear the Ve&s;&s;els and Membrans of the Stones, and &s;o oblige the Blood and nou|ri&s;hing Juice to &s;tagnat and &s;ettle into a fle&s;hy Sub&s;tance, &s;ticking to one or both the Stones, or to the Membran of the Cod call'd <HI>Dartos.</HI></P>
<P>The Signs are the&s;e; the Swelling is indolent, hard, con|&s;tant, and increa&s;es by degrees. There is a near re&s;em|blance between it and the &s;welling of the <HI>Epididimes</HI> occa|&s;ion'd by a Redundancy of Seed, or the Stagnation of the Blood caus'd by the Schirrus of the Stones; but the pre|ceding Signs, if carefully trac'd, will di&s;cover the diffe|rence.</P>
<P>If it be attended by a &s;hooting, it di&s;covers a malig|nant nature and tendency to a Cancer, and ought not to be meddled with.</P>
<P>As touching its Cure, inward Remedies are &s;eldom ef|fectual. Let the univer&s;al Evacuations be fir&s;t premis'd; then exhibit the Anti&s;crophulous Specifics, as the Pouder, or Decoction, or E&s;&s;ence of Re&s;tharrow-roots, and dulci|fy'd Spirit of Salt; Pouder of Comfrey-roots, &s;eal'd Earth, Rupture-wort, and Spunge-&s;tone, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Outwardly foment with a Mixture of Vinegar, Nitre, and the A&s;hes of Vine|twigs: or apply a Catapla&s;m of Sulphur, Cockle-&s;hells, and Vinegar, or the following Plai&s;ter, which is mightily extoll'd.</P>
<P>Take of Gum Ammoniac an Ounce and a half; Bdelli|um, Mu&s;tard-&s;eeds, Nettle-&s;eeds, of each &s;ix Drams; Spunge|&s;tone, one Ounce; Pouder of Birthwort-roots, Sul|phur, of each half an Ounce; Turpentin an Ounce; Spi|rit of Wine an Ounce and a half; Oil of Olives four Ounces; Wax &s;ix Ounces. Make a Plai&s;ter.</P>
<P>Take of the Gums <HI>Animi,</HI> Sagapenum, Opoponax, and Galbanum, of each an Ounce. Di&s;&s;olve 'em in Vinegar of Ro&s;es. Then thicken it, and with a &s;ufficient quantity of Oil of Bricks, make a Plai&s;ter: which is equally fitted for Suppuration or Di&s;cu&s;&s;ion.</P>
<P>If it tend to Suppuration; after opening, apply the Plai|&s;ter of Gums and black Ro&s;in; and afterwards, when 'tis proper to con&s;olidat, a &s;typtic Plai&s;ter. <HI>Vigo</HI>'s Plai&s;ter
<PB N="566" REF="284">with Mercury is of incomparable u&s;e, but the Mercury may deprive the Stones of their prolific Virtue. The natural Baths are of very good u&s;e.</P>
<P>If the&s;e Medicines prove ineffectual, the Excre&s;cence mu&s;t be cut out either alone or together with the Stone, as its Circum&s;tances will admit.</P>
</DIV5>
<DIV5 N="6" TYPE="article">
<HEAD>ART. VI. <HI>Of a Di&s;tention of the Spermatic Veins, or</HI> Hernia Varico&s;a.</HEAD>
<P>WHatever di&s;turbs the Reflux of the Blood by the Sper|matic Veins, cau&s;es an uneven, incon&s;tant &s;ort of ri&s;ing towards the Stone, re&s;embling a Clu&s;ter of Grapes. The Stone drops and hangs loo&s;e, and the Swelling is pain|le&s;s unle&s;s the Guts be mole&s;ted with Wine, or the Feet ex|pos'd to cold.</P>
<P>Bathing is very proper. Let the Plai&s;ter of Mucilage mix'd with the Plai&s;ter of Ammoniac and Oil of Bricks; or the Ointment <HI>Ba&s;ilicum</HI> mix'd with the Fat of Animals, be applied to the part.</P>
<P>If it be inveterat, it mu&s;t be committed to the care of a Surgeon.</P>
</DIV5>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 N="2" TYPE="chapter">
<HEAD>CHAP. II. <HI>Of the irregular Ejaculation of the Seed.</HI></HEAD>
<P>THE Ejection of the Genital Liquor is irregular; 1. When 'tis ca&s;t forth without any venereal Provocation. 2. When in the act of Venery its Egre&s;s is too precipi|tant and ha&s;ty. 3. When 'tis too &s;low. 4. When 'tis not ejected at all.</P>
<DIV5 N="1" TYPE="article">
<HEAD>ART. I. <HI>Of a Running, or involuntary Emi&s;&s;ion of the Genital Liquor.</HI></HEAD>
<P>A Running is either &s;purious or genuin. To begin with the la&s;t, a &s;imple running is &s;aid to be &s;uch, when the true, genuin, &s;eminal matter is ca&s;t forth without the erecti|on of the Yard, or venereal Plea&s;ure.</P>
<PB N="567" REF="284">
<P>The Part affected is the &s;eminal Ve&s;icles; 'tis attended or follow'd by a wearine&s;s of the Limbs, Weakne&s;s, inabi|lity to move, a pale Countenance, hollow Eyes, dimi|nution of Sight, Inappetency, trembling, and tendency to a Con&s;umption. In a word, it robs the body of its balmy Moi&s;ture.</P>
<P>The Cau&s;es are threefold; 1. The Redundancy or Tur|ge&s;cence of the &s;eminal matter. 2. Its &s;harpne&s;s, which &s;ti|mulats and contracts the Fibres of the &s;eminal Ve&s;icles, and adjacent Mu&s;cles. 3. Its tenuity and watrine&s;s, together with the concurring flaccidity of the Ve&s;icles, and the patency of their Pa&s;&s;ages into the Urethra.</P>
<P>The remote Cau&s;es of the fir&s;t are high feeding and drinking; an intire freedom from Labour and Care; ab&s;tain|ing from the wonted Mea&s;ure of Venery; frequent Cor|re&s;pondence with venereal Objects; lying upon the Back, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P>The Remote Cau&s;es of the &s;econd, are a &s;harp &s;alti&s;h Di&s;|po&s;ition of the Blood, as in &s;corbutic and hypochondriac Con&s;titutions; an immoderat u&s;e of &s;harp aromatic volatil things, as Pepper, Mu&s;tard, Rocket-&s;eeds, Water-cre&s;|&s;es, Wine, Cantharides, and &s;harp volatil Purgatives. Tho&s;e of the third are, exce&s;&s;ive Venery (e&s;pecially in ones Youth) and manual Violence, which not only relaxats the &s;eminal Ve&s;icles, but de&s;troys the Ferment in the Stones, as appears by the watry inelaborat Con&s;i&s;tence of the Seed.</P>
<P>If a genuin Running be inveterat, it degenerats into a Hectic, and is not ea&s;ily cur'd; nor is it &s;afe to &s;top it &s;ud|denly, le&s;t the Suppre&s;&s;ion of the wonted Evacuation &s;hould cau&s;e an Inflammation or Tumour in the Te&s;ticles.</P>
<P>The general Indications of Cure, are to le&s;&s;en the vicious quantity, or qualify the &s;harpne&s;s of the matter, or to cor|roborat the Ferment and Texture of the parts.</P>
<P>For the fir&s;t of the&s;e Purpo&s;es, acid thin Food, &s;hort Commons, frequent Exerci&s;e and Watchings are proper. Spirit of Vitriol and Crude Nitre powerfully curb the Fer|ment of the Te&s;ticles: But the Juices of Citrons, Pome|granats and Lemons, are more temperat and univer&s;ally applauded for &s;topping all manner of Runnings. The Juice of Lemons with Spirit of Turpentin, and Camphyr, is extoll'd by <HI>Faber.</HI> Some commend the &s;olution of Coral with Juice of Citrons. Emul&s;ions of Hemp&s;eeds are of &s;o|veraign u&s;e in de&s;perat Runnings, but they enjoy a narcotic Virtue prejudicial to the Animal Spirits.</P>
<PB N="568" REF="285">
<P>Take of Hemp&s;eeds half an Ounce; Seeds of the Cha&s;t|tree two Drams. With the Water of Yarrow make an Emul&s;ion. Add of prepar'd Amber and Bone of the Cut|tle-fi&s;h, of each a Dram. Sweeten and re&s;erve it for u&s;e.</P>
<P>Take of the Seeds of the Cha&s;t-tree, Melon-&s;eeds, of each two Drams; Hemp-&s;eeds, white Poppy-&s;eeds, of each a Dram and a half: With the Waters of Pur&s;lain and Wa|ter-Lillies make an Emul&s;ion. To which add the Bone of the Cuttle-fi&s;h prepar'd, a Dram; <HI>Crollius</HI>'s Compound Pou|der of <HI>Sperniola,</HI> two or three Scruples; prepar'd white Amber, and Diaphoretic Antimony, of each half a Dram: mix and &s;weeten with pearled Sugar. This is of noted effi|cacy, e&s;pecially if the <HI>Perinaeum</HI> and Loins are girded with heat. Some commend the following Decoction.</P>
<P>Take of the Leaves of white Archangel four handfuls; Leaves of white Yarrow two handfuls; Seeds of the Cha&s;t|tree four or &s;ix Drams. Boil them in Mint or Rue-water, or in Wine, and &s;weeten with Syrup of Water-Lillies.</P>
<P>Some recommend a Spoonful of the Juice of Ceterach to be taken now and then, as a &s;ingular Remedy for &s;topping a <HI>Gonorrhaea;</HI> as al&s;o two Drams of the following Pouder to be taken in Chalybeat Wine.</P>
<P>Take of the Leaves of Mint and Rue, Seeds of the Cha&s;t|tree, and Pouder of Galls, of each equal quantities. Beat 'em into Pouder for the u&s;e above-mention'd.</P>
<P>Spirit of Turpentin and Sugar of Lead is a delicat Re|medy. The Juice of Yarrow or of Mallows with &s;weet Milk is al&s;o approv'd. Some apply outwardly the Juice of Lettuce with Camphyr to the Te&s;ticles.</P>
<P>As touching the &s;econd Indication, <HI>viz.</HI> qualifying the &s;harpne&s;s of the &s;eminal matter, the Tincture of Coral with Spirit of Woods, or of Sa&s;&s;afras, is very u&s;eful. The A|&s;tringent Crocus or Tincture of Steel, Sulphur of Vitriol, Sugar of Lead, and white Amber prepar'd, are all very proper. Or,</P>
<P>Take of the Con&s;erve of Red Ro&s;es, Con&s;erve of Mint, of each an Ounce or an Ounce and a half; prepar'd Bone of the Cuttle-fi&s;h (which in this Ca&s;e is a noted Specific) two Drams; Calcin'd Borace a Dram; Nutmegs half a Dram; Syrup of dry'd Ro&s;es as much as &s;ufficeth to make an Electuary. Of which the Patient may take a conveni|ent quantity twice or thrice a day. Crude Borace provokes Lu&s;t; but when calcin'd, it leaves a Styptic <HI>Caput Mortuum</HI> of contrary u&s;e.</P>
<PB N="569" REF="285">
<P>Take of the Bone of a Cuttle-fi&s;h prepar'd a Dram; pre|par'd red Coral two or three Scruples; Sugar of Lead half a Scruple. Mix for &s;ix Do&s;es.</P>
<P>Take of prepar'd Chry&s;tal, Bone of the Cuttle-fi&s;h, pre|par'd Amber, of each two Scruples; Chalybeat Diapho|retic Antimony a Scruple; <HI>Crollius</HI>'s Sperniola a Scruple; Sugar of Lead fifteen Grains. Make a Pouder for five or &s;ix Do&s;es.</P>
<P>The Turpentine of Cyprus reduc'd to Pills with prepar'd Amber, or Crocus of Steel, or Rhubarb, is very effectual. Of late the Bal&s;am <HI>Capivi</HI> is mightily e&s;teem'd. Sugar of Lead, and the Antiphthi&s;ical Tincture prepar'd with it is of noted efficacy.</P>
<P>Take of the Waters of Rue and Water-Lillies, of each half an Ounce; Juice of Lemons &s;ix Drams; Bole-Arme|nic a Dram; Cuttle-bone, and Diaphoretic Antimony with Steel, of each two Scruples; Syrup of Citrons half an Ounce. Mix, and give a Spoonful now and then.</P>
<P>If the Yard be exulcerated by the &s;harpne&s;s of the mat|ter, take of Woman's or Cow'd Milk four Ounces; pre|par'd Tutty two Drams; Aloe a Dram; Sugar Candy half a Dram. Mix, and inject half an Ounce or &s;ix Drams at a time.</P>
<P>As for the third Indication, <HI>viz.</HI> corroborating the re|laxated parts, and correcting the watrine&s;s of the &s;eminal Liquor; Mint, Wormwood, Amber, Ma&s;tic, A&s;tringent Tincture of Steel, Tincture of Coral, Pouder of Frankin|cen&s;e (which if too frequently repeated, cau&s;es a &s;uppre&s;&s;i|on of the Urine) Sugar of Lead; Extract of Tormentil|roots; &s;eal'd Earth, and Bole Armenic us'd with Vinegar; Tincture of the Sulphur of Vitriol, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> are all proper In|gredients.</P>
<P>Take of the Extract of Tormentil-roots two Drams; <HI>Crollius</HI>'s Compound Pouder of <HI>Sperniola</HI> two Scruples; Plantain-&s;eeds, Seeds of Cha&s;t Lamb, Roots of Comfrey, of each a Scruple; <HI>Venice</HI> Turpentine boil'd, Camphyr, of each twelve Grains. Make Pills.</P>
<P>I have cur'd a de&s;perat Running with giving thirty or forty Drops of the Tincture of Sulphur of Vitriol in a warm Vehicle every Morning; and half a Dram of the Troches <HI>de Carabe</HI> every Evening; without any other In|junctions, except that of lying on the &s;ides, and a &s;pare Diet.</P>
<PB N="570" REF="286">
<P>If in the Declination of this Flux, a thin, watry Humor continue to run, as it frequently happens; take of Gum Ara|bic, Tragacanth, prepar'd white Amber, prepar'd Mummy, Bole Armenic, of each a Scruple; <HI>Laudanum Opiatum</HI> half a Scruple. With a &s;ufficient Quantity of the Tincture of Catechu, make Pills for five Do&s;es.</P>
<P>The natural Baths that partake of Allum are proper in an inveterat Ca&s;e.</P>
<P>Outwardly the parts may be fomented with the Decocti|on of the Rindes and Flowers of Pomegranats, Ro&s;es, Comfrey-roots, Plantain, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> or let the Perinaeum be anoint|ed with the following Mixture.</P>
<P>Take Oil of Myrtles three Drams; di&s;till'd Oil of Ma|&s;tic a Dram; di&s;till'd Oil of Cloves, expre&s;s'd Oil of Nut|megs, of each half a Dram. With Wax make a Liniment.</P>
<P>If the ferment of the Te&s;ticles be de&s;icient, Milk, Rice, Eggs and aromatic Ingredients are proper. Ofttimes 'tis needful to purge both in the beginning and progre&s;s of the Di&s;ea&s;e; as thus,</P>
<P>Take of boil'd Cyprus Turpentin a Scruple; Scammony prepar'd with Juice of Ro&s;es, Ro&s;in of Jalap, of each five Grains. Make Pills for one Do&s;e.</P>
<P>I am now arriv'd at the &s;purious Flux of Seed, which is call'd &s;uch when the matter voided is of a different nature from the Genital Juice, being di&s;colour'd, &s;harp, &s;tinking, attended &s;ometimes by Pain and other Symptoms; but not occa&s;ion'd by venereal Actions, or partaking of any vene|real Virulency. It corre&s;ponds to the Whites in Wo|men, and is call'd by &s;ome <HI>Gonorrhoea Catarrhalis;</HI> but there are few Authors that have taken any notice of it.</P>
<P>The part affected is the <HI>Pro&s;tratae,</HI> who&s;e Office 'tis to &s;e|parat a Lymph for a Vehicle to the Seed. Now if they are relaxated or exulcerated, they &s;eparat and void larger quantities, as in the like ca&s;e the Glandules of the Eyes, or tho&s;e in the Throat, are wont to do.</P>
<P>The material Cau&s;e is the &s;erous cachectic Di&s;po&s;ition of the Blood. The remote Cau&s;es are the Di&s;orders of the Stomac and dige&s;tive Faculty, or whatever equips the Blood with crude and watry Particles. The formal efficient Cau&s;e is the Relaxation of the <HI>Pro&s;tratae,</HI> occa&s;ion'd by ex|ce&s;&s;ive Venery, manual Violence, Riding, a Fall, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P>Tho this Flux may &s;erve to clean&s;e the Blood, yet if it continue long, it degenerates into a Con&s;umption.</P>
<PB N="571" REF="286">
<P>The Cure turns upon corroborating the Stomac, correct|ing the Crudity of the Blood, and clean&s;ing and fortifying the&s;e Glandules. The fir&s;t of the&s;e De&s;igns is compa&s;s'd by the u&s;e of Wormwood, Mint, Ro&s;emary: The &s;econd by the Decoctions of Woods with Tormentil, E&s;&s;ence of Sa&s;&s;afras, volatil Salt of Amber, Turpentin, Ma&s;tic, Gum Animi, Pouder of Frankincen&s;e taken in a potch'd Egg, drinking Spaw-waters, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> After which bathing in natural Baths, or artificial ones partaking of Allum, an&s;wers the third Indication. But this la&s;t is not to be attempted till the former are accounted for.</P>
<P>As for the Virulent Clap, 'tis refer'd as a Symptom to the Pox, of which el&s;ewhere.</P>
</DIV5>
<DIV5 N="2" TYPE="article">
<HEAD>ART. II. <HI>Of the overha&s;ty Ejaculation of the Seminal Matter.</HI></HEAD>
<P>THIS was the &s;econd Di&s;order relating to the ejection of Seed. The Cau&s;e is either the Patency and Loo&s;ene&s;s of the Seminal Ve&s;icles, or the &s;pirituous Turge&s;cence and over-bearing youthful heat of the &s;eminal Liquor. The for|mer is remov'd by the internal and external u&s;e of A&s;trin|gents, &s;uch as we pre&s;crib'd in the foregoing Article. The &s;econd by the u&s;e of Opium, which &s;tays the Spirits, and pre|vents their early flight. Upon which account it is much in u&s;e among the Indians and Turks, who&s;e Women are mo&s;t de|lighted with deliberat and prolong'd Embraces. But it ought to be mix'd with Amber-gri&s;e; as if Opium were ad|ded in the Preparation of the E&s;&s;ence of Amber-gri&s;e; in order to prevent any &s;ucceeding Stupidity.</P>
<P><HI>Henricus ab Heer</HI> mentions a quick Ejaculation of Seed, caus'd by the irritation of an Ulcer in the <HI>Inte&s;tinum Rectum.</HI></P>
</DIV5>
<DIV5 N="3" TYPE="article">
<HEAD>ART. III. <HI>Of the over&s;low Ejaculation of the Seminal Matter.</HI></HEAD>
<P>OFttimes when the Blood inflames the Yard to an Erecti|en, the Spirits are deficient in quickening the Seed; or the Mu&s;cles of the Yard are languid, or the Seminal Ve&s;i|cles flaccid and unable to counterpoize the force of the Pro|&s;tratae and neighbouring Parts, which in the venereal Fit &s;well up, hear in upon 'em, and contract their Pa&s;&s;ages;
<PB N="572" REF="287">in&s;omuch that they cannot eject the Seed in due time, but it often &s;lips out when the Yard is down, and the Turge&s;|cence of the Parts gone.</P>
<P>Ca&s;tor and &s;harp aromatic Cephalic Medicines are proper to be given inwardly. Externally let the Root of the Yard be anointed with expre&s;s'd Oil of Nutmegs, or di&s;till'd Oil of Mace, or of Cloves, mix'd with Civet or Mo&s;ch, or the Oil or Spirit of Ants.</P>
</DIV5>
<DIV5 N="4" TYPE="article">
<HEAD>ART. IV. <HI>Of Caruncles in the Yard, hindring the Ejection of Seed.</HI></HEAD>
<P>THE fourth and la&s;t Head relating to this Chapter, is, when the Seed is not ejected at all, by rea&s;on of a fle&s;hy Excre&s;cence in the Yard &s;topping its pa&s;&s;age. The Cau&s;e for the mo&s;t part is a virulent Clap; in which the Urethra is corroded, and the Nouri&s;hment naturally repair|ing to the corroded part &s;ettles into a fle&s;hy wartlike Sub|&s;tance.</P>
<P>Sometimes in&s;tead of Seed Blood is voided, &s;ometimes Wind. In the former ca&s;e A&s;tringents; in the latter Evacuat|ing and Carminative Medicines are proper.</P>
</DIV5>
</DIV4>
</DIV3>
<DIV3 N="2" TYPE="section">
<HEAD>SECT. II. <HI>Of the Di&s;orders relating to the Erection of the Yard.</HI></HEAD>
<P>THERE are two main Qualifications requi&s;it for performing the Office of a Husband; one is the due Erection and &s;tiffne&s;s of the Yard; the other the regular Ejaculation of the Seed thro the Yard thus pre|par'd. This was the Subject of the preceding Section: The former lies now before us. In order to &s;et it in a clear light, we mu&s;t di&s;tingui&s;h the Turge&s;cence and Di&s;tention of the Yard from a due Erection. The former proceeds from the in|flux of arterial Blood into the two nervous Bodies; but this Di&s;tention is continu'd and wrought into a State of Rigidi|ty and Erection by the Contraction of the two pairs of Mu&s;cles &s;eated at the Root of the Yard, which compre&s;s the
<PB N="573" REF="287">Vein that runs along its Back, and &s;o hinder the reflux of the Blood. When their Contraction cea&s;es, the Blood that di&s;tended the Yard is di&s;charg'd by this Vein, and leaves it in a drooping condition. So this Contraction of the Mu&s;|cles is the Cau&s;e of Erection, and is in good mea&s;ure pro|moted by the &s;pirituous and provoking quality of the Seed in the Seminal Ve&s;icles.</P>
<P>What is needful to be &s;aid of the faults of Erection will fall under the Heads of its Deficiency, Exce&s;s or Depravation.</P>
<DIV4 N="1" TYPE="chapter">
<HEAD>CHAP. I. <HI>Of Impotency, or the Defect of Erection of the Yard.</HI></HEAD>
<P>IT proceeds either from the Relaxation of the two Pairs of Mu&s;cles and inactivity of the Spirits, or the flatne&s;s of the Seminal Liquor.</P>
<P>The Mu&s;cles may be relaxated by a Pal&s;y, Exce&s;&s;ive Rid|ing, a Fall or Blow upon the <HI>Os Sacrum,</HI> or Wound of the Head affecting the re&s;pective Nerves, mercurial Inunctions, external Cold, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> The Spirits are faulty when they are univer&s;ally weak and languid, as in old Age and Sickne&s;s; when they are di&s;order'd by Pa&s;&s;ions of the Mind, &s;uch as Ba&s;hfulne&s;s and Fear (of which we have &s;everal In&s;tances in new married Young&s;ters, that fancy them&s;elves bewitch'd) or diverted by dwelling upon other Objects, or baulk'd by hypochondriac De&s;pondency.</P>
<P>The Genital Juice is faulty, when 'tis not duly prepar'd, or falls &s;hort of its &s;pirituous &s;timulating quality. This may be occa&s;ion'd by old Age, defects in the Stones, or any Di&s;|order of the Genital Parts; or by the continu'd u&s;e of Nitre or Camphyr.</P>
<P>This Di&s;ea&s;e is manife&s;t of it &s;elf. All the u&s;e of Signs is to di&s;tingui&s;h the Cau&s;es. If the Mu&s;cles are paralytic, they are equally unmovable by all other Objects. If the Animal Spirits are deficient, an univer&s;al Feeblene&s;s &s;eizes the whole Body. If hypocondriac Fancies, melancoly Thoughts or Pa&s;&s;ions of the Mind occa&s;ion it, the Circum&s;tances of the Patient will di&s;cover 'em.</P>
<P>The Cure con&s;i&s;ts in recovering the force and &s;piritua|lity of the Seed, and the regular Influx of the Spirits into the Mu&s;cles. The internal Medicines an&s;wering the&s;e Indications are largely accounted for in the preceding Secti|on. In <HI>England</HI> Ambergri&s;e and <HI>Laudanum Opiatum</HI> are
<PB N="574" REF="288">mightily extoll'd. Cantharides mix'd with aromatic Pouders are of noted efficacy.</P>
<P>Take of pre&s;erv'd Roots of Satyrium and of Eryngo, Pine-nuts, of each two Ounces; candy'd Ginger, Nutmegs candy'd, of each an Ounce; Confection Alchermes half an Ounce; Rocket-&s;eeds, Seeds of Cre&s;&s;es, of each two Drams; white Pepper and Cloves, of each a Dram: With Syrup of Cinnamom make an Electuary.</P>
<P>Externally, Cephalic Baths, Fomentations, and rubbing the Parts before the Fire are proper. Let the Decoction of Cubebs in Wine be applied to the Te&s;ticles and adjacent parts; or anoint the Perinaeum, Cod, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> with <HI>Myn&s;icht</HI>'s Venereal Bal&s;am mix'd with Oil of Ants.</P>
<P>Take of the Juice of Par&s;neps, Oil of Mu&s;tard, of each two Drams; large Eggs of Emmets a Dram. Pound the Eggs, and &s;et 'em in the Sun for a day or two; then mix all in the form of a Liniment; with which anoint the Nut of the Yard immediately before the Engagement. If the Erection continue after Enjoyment, wa&s;h the Yard with warm Water.</P>
<P>The Spirit or Juice of Ants with Civet and Oil of Pepper or Ca&s;tor, the Root of black Hellebor or of Pellitory of <HI>Spain,</HI> pouder'd and mix'd with the Fat of a Quail; And Wine in which Euphorbium and Pellitory of <HI>Spain</HI> have been boil'd; are all recommended for the &s;ame u&s;e.</P>
<P>Take of Civet eight Grains; Ambergri&s;e &s;ix Grains; Mo&s;ch five Grains; di&s;till'd Oil of Cinnamom eight Drops; di&s;till'd Oil of Nutmegs four Drops; Bal&s;am of Peru as much as &s;ufficeth for a due Con&s;i&s;tence. Mix and anoint the Perinaeum and Nut of the Yard.</P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 N="2" TYPE="chapter">
<HEAD>CHAP. II. <HI>Of the immoderat Erection of the Yard.</HI></HEAD>
<P>THIS proceeds from the Contraction of the Mu&s;cles at the Root of the Yard, hindring the Rece&s;s of the Blood, which may be occa&s;ion'd two ways; 1. When the Redundancy and Turge&s;cence of the &s;eminal Liquor irritats to a perpetual Erection, and de&s;ire of Venery, which for the mo&s;t part cea&s;es after repeated Injoyment. 2. When the Mu&s;cles are &s;eiz'd with Convul&s;ions, and the Erection is attended with Pain, exa&s;perated by venereal Embraces, and free of any Inclination that way.</P>
<PB N="575" REF="288">
<P>As for the fir&s;t, <HI>viz.</HI> the Heat, Sharpne&s;s and Turge&s;cence of the Seminal Liquor, 'tis occa&s;ion'd by a &s;edentary Life, high Feeding, u&s;e of Spices, or venereal Incentives, wanton Thoughts and Conver&s;ation, volatil &s;harp Purges, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P>It progno&s;ticats fa&s;t Living, an univer&s;al Weakne&s;s, and a &s;hort Life. 'Tis cur'd by frequent Blood-letting, imploy|ing the Mind, exerci&s;ing the Body, fa&s;ting, watching; the continu'd u&s;e of Nitre and Spirit of Vitriol; or of Cam|phyr, or of Sugar of Lead. Hemp&s;eed is a proper Specific. Pur&s;lain, Lettuce, Water-Lillies, Vervain, Mint, Willow-Twigs and Leaves, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> are generally approv'd.</P>
<P>Take of Hemp-&s;eed, Melon-&s;eeds, of each two Drams; the four cold Seeds, of each a Dram; Lettuce-water, Sorrel|water, and Water of the Flowers of Water-Lillies, of each three Ounces: make an Emul&s;ion, and &s;weeten it with Syrup of white Poppies.</P>
<P>Take of the Waters of Vine-leaves and of Willow|leaves, of each an Ounce and a half; dulcify'd Spirit of Vitriol half a Dram. Mix and &s;weeten with pearled Sugar.</P>
<P>Take of the Phlegm of Vitriol two Drams; Tincture of Dazies, Tincture of Ro&s;e-flowers, of each half a Dram. Mix, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P>Take of the Pouder of the Seeds of Cha&s;t Lamb, depu|rated Nire, of each two Drams; Camphyr half a Scruple; <HI>Laudanum Opiatum</HI> &s;ix Grains. Make a Pouder.</P>
<P>Let the Juices of Plantain, Night&s;hade, Hemlock, Hen|bane and Comfrey, be mix'd with di&s;till'd Vinegar and Su|gar of Lead, and applied to the Cod and Sharebone. Or, make Catapla&s;ms of the &s;ame Ingredients with Vinegar. Let the Juice of Comfrey or of Lettuce, in which Nitre is di&s;&s;olv'd, be applied to the Stones, Loins, and all round the Genital Parts.</P>
<P>As touching the Second, <HI>viz.</HI> The Convul&s;ion of the Mu&s;cles cau&s;ing a <HI>Priapi&s;mus,</HI> hindering the Reflux of the Blood, and imparting &s;omewhat convul&s;ive to the Yard; 'tis occa&s;ion'd by the iritation of the Animal Spirits, whether by an internal or external Cau&s;e. Cantharides or other ve|nereal Incentives, un&s;ea&s;onably and immoderatly us'd, fre|quently produce it.</P>
<P>If it be attended by violent Pain, it portends an Inflam|mation or Impo&s;tume in the Part, or the Convul&s;ions of other Parts.</P>
<P>As for the Method of Cure. Vomits are more proper than Purgatives, by rea&s;on that the latter frequently prove
<PB N="576" REF="289">Incentives to Venery. After Vomiting let vitriolic and ni|trous Acids be exhibited. The Decoction of Lentils with the Seed of the Cha&s;t Tree, is applauded by <HI>Lindanus.</HI> Opium and Camphyr, with the Juice of Citrons; Diaphore|tic Gold, Rue, Mint, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> are much in u&s;e. If it proceed from the u&s;e of Cantharides, Milk is not improper.</P>
<P>Let the Perinaeum be anointed with Oil of Rue, or of Mint, or fomented with Wine, in which Rue and Cumin|&s;eeds have been boil'd; or apply Catapla&s;ms of Mint, Rue, Flowers of Water-Lillies, Vinegar and Water: Or, anoint with Camphyr di&s;&s;olv'd in Oil of Sweet Almonds, or in Vi|negar. Vitriolic and nitrous Liquors are proper for the &s;ame u&s;e.</P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 N="3" TYPE="chapter">
<HEAD>CHAP. III. <HI>Of the Depravation of the Erection of the Yard.</HI></HEAD>
<P>THE Erection of the Yard is deprav'd when it &s;tands awry, or departs from the natural Po&s;ture. If the Bridle be &s;hort, it &s;tands crooked; but that is cur'd by cut|ting the Bridle. If the Depravation proceed from the In|flammation of the Yard, 'tis cur'd by emollient Catapla&s;ms, &s;uch as we pre&s;crib'd for the Inflammation of the Te&s;ticles. Sometimes Erection is hindred by a Pain in the Yard, caus'd by frequent Venery; which is cur'd by thru&s;ting in|to the Pa&s;&s;age Bal&s;am of Peru, or the Leaves of Hemlock bruis'd. If the Pain be caus'd by a Stone in the Bladder, there is nothing better than to put the Yard into the Water of the Whites of Eggs with Woman's Milk and Camphyr.</P>
<P>The remaining Cau&s;es which di&s;turb the Erection of the Yard are tho&s;e relating to the Foreskin. They are of two &s;orts; 1. When the Prepuce impri&s;ons and &s;traitens the Nut, and cannot be drawn back. This is call'd <HI>Phimo&s;is.</HI> 2. When the Prepuce being drawn off, cannot be brought to cover the Nut again. This is call'd <HI>Paraphimo&s;is.</HI></P>
<P>As for the fir&s;t, if the Prepuce be naturally &s;o &s;trait, it ought to be cut, but &s;o as to avoid the Vein that runs along its &s;ide. If it proceed from the accidental Corrugation of the Prepuce, let the Cream of Quicklime be beaten up with fre&s;h Butter, and applied to it. If it proceed from an Inflammation occa&s;ion'd by the Embraces of a foul Wo|man, foment the Prepuce and Nut with the following <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">ixture.</P>
<PB N="577" REF="289">
<P>Take of the Mucilages of Fleawort-&s;eeds, of Quince-&s;eeds; of Fenugrec-&s;eeds, extracted with Plantain-water, of each an Ounce; the Yelk of one Egg; and three Ounces of Cows Milk. Mix, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Or,</P>
<P>Foment with the Water or Decoction or Quick-lime, warm; if you plea&s;e you may add to it Sugar of Lead, or &s;weet Mercury.</P>
<P>Take of Chamomile and Elder-flowers, of each a handful; Henbane-flowers, Ani&s;eeds, and Fennel-&s;eeds, of each half a handful; Bay-berries half an Ounce. Cut, brui&s;e, and boil them in Lime-water; and apply the hot &s;train'd Liquor to the Part. Or make a Catapla&s;m of the Meal of Beans with Lime-water for the &s;ame u&s;e.</P>
<P>As for a <HI>Paraphimo&s;is,</HI> 'tis occa&s;ion'd for the mo&s;t part by the fir&s;t Venereal Encounter; and is ofttimes accompany'd by a &s;welling of the Prepuce. Upon which account &s;oftning and di&s;cu&s;&s;ing Ingredients ought to be joyn'd together.</P>
<P>Take of the Leaves of Mar&s;hmallows, common Mallows, and Pellitory of the Wall, of each a handful; Mar&s;hmallow|roots and white Lilly-roots, of each an Ounce; Flowers of red Ro&s;es, and Flowers of Chamomil, of each two little hand|fuls. Boil them in Milk to the Con&s;i&s;tence of a Pulti&s;e, and apply to the part. Flowers of Chamomil, or of Elder, or of Henbane, may be boil'd in Milk or Lime-water, for a Fomentation. Or apply a Catapla&s;m of white Bread, Yelks of Eggs, Oil of Ro&s;es and Saffron. If the Pain be violent, Saffron ought always to be added.</P>
</DIV4>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 N="4" TYPE="book">
<PB N="578" REF="290">
<HEAD>AN ABRIDGMENT OF ETMULLERUS HIS <HI>Practice of</HI> PHYSIC, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></HEAD>
<HEAD TYPE="sub">BOOK IV. <HI>Of Di&s;ea&s;es peculiar to Women,</HI></HEAD>
<DIV3 N="1" TYPE="section">
<HEAD>SECT. I. <HI>Of the Di&s;orders of the Men&s;trual Flux.</HI></HEAD>
<P>THE mo&s;t notable Alteration which happens to Women when they are ripe for Men's Embraces, is the monthly Evacuation of Blood by the &s;ecret Parts, beginning ordinarily in the fourteenth year of Age, and ending in the forty ninth; tho &s;ometimes it anticipates the former, and outlives the latter Date.</P>
<P>This Flux is call'd the Terms or Cour&s;es, and returns duly once a Month, in &s;ome a few days &s;ooner, and in others &s;o much later; only Child-bearing Women, and &s;ometimes &s;uch as give &s;uck are not liable to it.</P>
<P>It is caus'd by an extraordinary Fermentation and Rare|faction of the Ma&s;s of Blood, occa&s;ion'd by a peculiar fer|mentative Power of the Glands of the Womb; whence be|ing incapable to be contain'd within its ordinary bounds,
<PB N="579" REF="290">it breaks forth at the Arteries of the <HI>Vagina,</HI> till by le&s;&s;ening the quantity, the Fermentation cea&s;es, in the &s;pace of three or four days, till the next period.</P>
<P>This monthly Purgation is di&s;order'd in the way of de&s;i|ciency, increa&s;e, or depravation.</P>
<DIV4 N="1" TYPE="chapter">
<HEAD>CHAP. I. <HI>Of the Deficiency of the Terms.</HI></HEAD>
<P>THis is commonly but improperly call'd a Suppre&s;&s;ion of the Terms, and is occa&s;ion'd either by a Default of the Blood, or of the Womb and Ve&s;&s;els through which it flows. The Default of the Blood is its gro&s;ne&s;s, toughne&s;s and fix'd acidity, proceeding from the Di&s;order of the Stomac, whereby it becomes unfit for a due fermentative Expan&s;ion.</P>
<P>Sometimes the Ve&s;&s;els of the <HI>Vagina</HI> are ob&s;tructed by a vi&s;cid Phlegm; and &s;ometimes the &s;ides of the <HI>Vagina</HI> be|ing exulcerated, or otherwi&s;e hurt, grow together, in which ca&s;es the wonted Flux is deficient.</P>
<P>The remoter Cau&s;es, are Cold, whereby the Blood is co|agulated, Food of difficult Dige&s;tion, u&s;e of Acids; and finally, &s;uch Affections of the Mind as naturally cool and thicken the Blood, &s;uch as &s;udden Frights, Sadne&s;s, Grief, and the like.</P>
<P>If this Di&s;ea&s;e is from the Blood, the &s;tretching Pains of the Loins, beating of the Arteries of the Loins, and of the&s;e about the <HI>Os &s;acrum,</HI> the ordinary Forerunners of this Flux, are not found; the Urine is crude, the Belly Co&s;tive, hypochondiac Symptoms prevail, and in time no &s;tated pe|riodical Alteration of Body is to be perceiv'd.</P>
<P>But if from the Womb, and its ob&s;tructed Ve&s;&s;els, the Symptoms ab&s;ent in the former ca&s;e are pre&s;ent here, and that in a higher degree; with wearine&s;s of the Joints, prick|ing Pains of the Loins, Blood i&s;&s;uing from other parts of the Body, and that at &s;uch times as the Cour&s;es u&s;ed to flow.</P>
<P>But the greate&s;t Difficulty is to di&s;tingui&s;h this preterna|tural State, from the natural Suppre&s;&s;ion of the Terms by impregnation, which are accompanied with almo&s;t the &s;ame Symptoms.</P>
<P>However, we may conclude, that the Suppre&s;&s;ion is preter|natural, if the Patient grows &s;till wor&s;e and wor&s;e with an univer&s;al Palene&s;s covering the whole Body, and decay of Ap|petite continuing beyond the third Month; if there are con|tinu'd
<PB N="580" REF="291">Pains of the head, unu&s;ual beatings of the Arteries, e&s;pecially in the Loins, frequent Vici&s;&s;itudes of heat and cold all over the Body, difficulty of breathing, e&s;pecially on every &s;light Motion of the Body, a frequent unequal ob&s;cure Pul&s;e; and finally if the Urine is either thinner, Paler, or higher colour'd than ordinary.</P>
<P>If this Suppre&s;&s;ion happens in the very time of the Flux, the Cure is ea&s;y, if timely and &s;peedy; but if the Suppre&s;|&s;ion be of an earlier date, it is more &s;lowly and difficultly cured, and oftentimes brings on divers other Di&s;ea&s;es, &s;uch as Cachexies, Drop&s;ies, various Ulcers of the Parts, A&s;th|mas, Di&s;orders of the Stomac, Melancoly, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> and at length Death it &s;elf. Black Urine in this Di&s;ea&s;e is a good &s;ign.</P>
<P>In the cure of this Di&s;temper we mu&s;t endeavour, 1. To rectify the Chylification of the Ventricle, by Vomits and aro|matic volatil Medicines. 2. To amend the Crudity of the Blood by Chaly beat Medicines, and volatil oily Aromatics. 3. To remove that vi&s;cidity of the Humours which ob&s;tructs the Ve&s;&s;els of the Womb, with Gums, and in particular, Gum Ammoniac, as al&s;o Mercurials, and chiefly <HI>Mercurius Dul|cis;</HI> and above all, &s;uch Specifics as are known to excite the monthly Fermentation of the Blood.</P>
<P>But to be more particular; 1. Specifics are never to be given, when the Di&s;temper is confirm'd, before the Uni|ver&s;al Evacuations.</P>
<P N="2">2. Before we provoke the Cour&s;es, we ought to con&s;ider whether it be expedient; for in &s;uch as are emaciated, new|ly recovered from &s;ickne&s;s, or who have never had them, it is not to be attempted.</P>
<P N="3">3. At &s;uch time only the Terms are to be mov'd, as otherwi&s;e naturally they would have flowed of their own accord.</P>
<P N="4">4. Of univer&s;al Remedies, the chief are &s;uch as evacuate, whether upward or downward, and next opening a Vein. Vomits, whether prepar'd from Antimony or A&s;arabecca given in the beginning of the Cure, yea &s;ometimes repeated, are of excellent Virtue; but Dige&s;tives mu&s;t be premis'd. As,</P>
<P>Take of <HI>Myn&s;icht</HI>'s <HI>Arcanum Duplicatum</HI> half a Dram, Chachectic Crocus of Steel two Scruples, with half a Scru|ple of Salt of Tartar. Mix 'em, and make a Pouder to be divided into two equal parts.</P>
<PB N="581" REF="291">
<P>In the next place &s;trong Purgatives may be given, &s;uch as Coloquintida and black Hellebor, of which, together with Alteratives, divers Compo&s;itions may be made up. As,</P>
<P>Take Gum Ammoniac di&s;&s;olv'd in Vinegar and thicken'd, Extract of back Hellebor, of each fifteen Grains; of Ca|&s;tor and Extract of Saffron, of each three Grains; Tro|ches Alhandal two or three Grains. Make Pills with Oil of Turpentine or Amber. Or,</P>
<P>Take of the Ma&s;s of Pills of Hiera with Agaric, and <HI>Mercurius dulcis</HI> rightly prepar'd, of each fifteen Grains; of the Extract of Troches Alhandal two or three Grains; and make Pills with E&s;&s;ence of Ca&s;tor.</P>
<P>Of the&s;e, and &s;uch like, let the Patient take a Do&s;e every four or five days; and in the Intervals, let Bags of Altera|tive Aromatics be infus'd in Wine. As,</P>
<P>Take Roots of Angelica and Lovage, or Spignel, of each an Ounce; of Galangal half an Ounce; Leaves of Ro&s;ema|ry, Fever-few, Savin, of each a handful; Bay-berries or fre&s;h Juniper-berries an Ounce and a half; Cinnamom three Drams; Mace a Dram; Saffron as much; Salt of Tartar three Drams: cut, brui&s;e, and tie them in a Bag to be in|fus'd in Wine, of which take a draught in the Morning fa&s;ting, and two hours before Supper. Or,</P>
<P>Take Leaves of Mugwort, Pennyroyal and Ro&s;emary, of each a handful; Roots of Angelica &s;ix Drams; Cinna|mon two Drams; Saffron a Dram: Cut, brui&s;e and tye them in a Bag to be infus'd in two Mea&s;ures of Rheni&s;h Wine, wherein red hot Steel has been &s;everal times quench'd.</P>
<P N="5">5. The Body being thus prepared, Bleeding will be very, expedient, unle&s;s the Patient have never yet had her Cour&s;es, in which Ca&s;e Bathings will &s;uffice. If the Terms do al|ready flow but &s;paringly, you may open the Saphaena in the Leg; as al&s;o if there is rea&s;on to fear they will not come at their wonted time; but if the Flux is at hand, and you de&s;ire to facilitate it, then you may open a Vein in the Arm. The&s;e Univer&s;als being premis'd, we mu&s;t pro|ceed to correct the complexion of the Blood; to which pur|po&s;e Steel and Chalybeat Medicines are of great force, &s;uch as all cachectic Pouders, Earths, Infu&s;ions and Extracts prepar'd from Steel, yea crude Filings of Steel, if the Sto|mach be &s;trong. Or,</P>
<PB N="582" REF="292">
<P>Take Filings of Steel two Ounces; with one Ounce of Cinnamom, infu&s;e them in Wine, whereof take a good draught Morning and Evening before Meals.</P>
<P>Spaw-waters drunk, are very profitable.</P>
<P>Together with the&s;e you mu&s;t u&s;e the volatil bitter Aromatics, e&s;pecially &s;uch as are al&s;o &s;pecific Movers of the Terms, as well internal as external, &s;uch as Ro&s;emary, Ca|lamint, Chervil, Lovage, Fever-few, Le&s;&s;er Centory, Hore|hound, Savine, Wall-flowers, Flowers of Marygold, and Lavender Seeds abounding with a volatil Salt, or of a &s;harp Aromatic Ta&s;te; as tho&s;e of Rocket, Cre&s;&s;es, Fennel, Ani&s;e, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Juniper and Bay-beries, Roots of Angelica, Fennel, Sea-holly, Briony, Madder, round-rooted Birthwort, Gen|tian, Elecampane, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Al&s;o Mugwort, Baum, Gentian, Cinnamom, <HI>Ca&s;&s;ia Lignea,</HI> Galangal, Nutmegs, Cardamoms, Myrrh, and its E&s;&s;ence, <HI>Elixir Proprietatis,</HI> compound Tinc|ture of Tartar, all Preparations of Myrrh, Gums, Coloquin|tida, Ca&s;tor, Saffron, Milt of an Ox, Borace, alcalin Salts, rather volatil than fix'd: Al&s;o <HI>Myn&s;icht</HI>'s <HI>Arcanum Dupli|catum,</HI> &amp;c. Of which almo&s;t an infinity of Pre&s;criptions may be made. We &s;hall &s;ingle out only a few for example &s;ake. As,</P>
<P>Take four Ounces of Nutmegs, and mix 'em well with twelve Ounces of fine Sugar, and take the bigne&s;s of a Walnut Morning and Evening. Or,</P>
<P>Take two Drams of Ca&s;tor, volatil Salt of Amber and Hart&s;horn, of each a Dram; infu&s;e them in a &s;ufficient quan|tity of Spirit of Wine, diluted with Cinnamom-water, in a warm place, in a clo&s;e Ve&s;&s;el till the Tincture is drawn; of which give a Dram.</P>
<P>Take <HI>Zwelfer</HI>'s Tincture of Vitriol of Steel, or its Solu|tion with Spirit of Wine, two Drams; E&s;&s;ence of Ca&s;tor and Saffron, of each a Dram. Do&s;e, from forty to &s;ixty Drops twice or thrice a day in &s;ome hot Liquor: But withal, let the Patient moderatly exerci&s;e her &s;elf.</P>
<P>Take Solution of Steel with Juice of Apples, compound E&s;&s;ence of an Ox's Milt, and that of Savine, of each two Drams. Or,</P>
<P>Take E&s;&s;ence of Ca&s;tor two Drams; Quinte&s;&s;ence of Ro&s;emary, Spirit of Sal Armoniac with Amber, of each one Dram. Or,</P>
<P>Take Borace a Dram, Myrrh half a Dram; Saffron fif|teen Grains. Make a Pouder for three Do&s;es. Or,</P>
<PB N="583" REF="292">
<P>Take <HI>Myn&s;icht</HI>'s <HI>Arcanum Duplicatum</HI> four Scruples; Ca|&s;tor half a Dram; Myrrh a Scruple; Saffron half a Scruple. Make a Pouder for four Do&s;es.</P>
<P>For a Vehicle to &s;uch Pouders, take a Spoonful of this Mixture.</P>
<P>Take Mugwort-water two Ounces; Cinnamom-water one Ounce; E&s;&s;ence of an Ox's Milt three Drams; E&s;&s;ence of Ca&s;tor a Dram; Syrup of Canel &s;ix Drams.</P>
<P>If the Suppre&s;&s;ion of the Terms be from the default of the Womb, the ob&s;tructed Ve&s;&s;els are to be opened by vo|latil penetrating Medicines mix'd with Sudorifics. Some|times manual Operation is requir'd.</P>
<P>If by a &s;udden Cold, or other &s;uch Cau&s;e, the flowing Cour&s;es are &s;topp'd, let Blood at the Saphaena; and then let volatil oily Aromatics be given, which with a &s;oft breath|ing Sweat will re&s;tore the natural Motion of the Blood; &s;uch are Spirit of Sal Armoniac, and the volatil oily Salts. <HI>Sperma Ceti</HI> may be given to a Dram with Ca&s;tor, in hot Ale; al&s;o &s;ome fix'd Salt, as that of Wormwood or Savine. If a grievous Pain mole&s;t the Womb, the Decoction of Chamomile, with the other foremention'd Ingredients, may be given inwardly; and what remains after &s;training, may be apply'd to the Groin in form of a Catapla&s;m.</P>
<P>But if from a &s;udden Fear, Anger or &s;uch like, the Flux is re&s;train'd; fir&s;t open a Vein in the Foot, then give the Spirit of Sal Armoniac twice or thrice a day. Or,</P>
<P>Take of the Decoction of Chamomile-flowers three Oun|ces; to which add of &s;imple Oxymel one or two Ounces.</P>
<P>To the&s;e internal Remedies, externals may be added, &s;uch as Fomentations, Baths, Tumigations, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> They are us'd after opening a Vein in the Arm, at what time the Cour&s;es are expected. They are prepared of common emol|lient, or proper Aromatic Ingredients, &s;uch as Savine, Fever|few, Mugwort, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> As,</P>
<P>Take Leaves of Mugwort, Pennvroal, Wild-time, of each two handfuls; Savine, Flowers of Chamomile, white Lil|lies, of each a handful; Roots of Mar&s;hmallows, round-rooted Birthwort, Madder, of each two Ounces; Roots of Angelica an Ounce; Juniper and Bayberries, of each &s;ix Drams; Salt of Tartar &s;ix Ounces. Mix them for a Bath. Or,</P>
<P>Take Leaves of Savine half a handful; Myrrh two Drams; Wood of Aloes a Dram; Troches Alhandal a Dram: Make a gro&s;s Pouder, to be thrown on burning Coals,
<PB N="584" REF="293">that the Smoak may be received by the Womb.</P>
<P>The Antients al&s;o gave Pe&s;&s;aries, among which that made of the Gall of a Bull mix'd with the Juice of Mercury, wherein Coloquintida has been boil'd, is not unprofitable; Garlick al&s;o, and its heads beaten with the Oil of Spike, may be u&s;ed to this purpo&s;e.</P>
<P>If the Evil is very &s;tubborn, we are &s;ometimes forc'd to u&s;e Cantharides both inwardly and outwardly.</P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 N="2" TYPE="chapter">
<HEAD>CHAP. II. <HI>Of the immoderat Flux of the Terms.</HI></HEAD>
<P>IF the Cour&s;es flow oftner, or in greater quantities than they ought naturally to do, 'tis call'd an immoderat Flux of the Terms.</P>
<P>In tho&s;e who labour of this Di&s;temper, we may ob&s;erve three things; 1. The &s;trength of the Stomach is impaired with dejection of Appetite. 2. They feel for the mo&s;t part a &s;tretching and tearing pain in the Back about the Loyns. 3. Tho&s;e who are &s;corbutic, abounding with a volatil Acid, are for the mo&s;t part &s;ubject to it.</P>
<P>The Cau&s;es re&s;pect either the Womb or Blood. Some|times the former lo&s;es its due firmne&s;s or tone, and dos not &s;ufficiently &s;trengthen and extend its Ve&s;&s;els; &s;ometimes the Orifices of the&s;e Ve&s;&s;els are over-dilated or broke open by force; as by over-&s;training ones &s;elf in taking up great Weights, hard Labour, Sneezing, Vomiting, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P>But mo&s;t frequently the Cau&s;e is in the Blood, either when it is too wateri&s;h; or when its Serum dos too much abound with a &s;alti&s;h Acidity, or Acrimony; or finally, when it is too much moved and heated by venereal Rage, Exerci&s;e, Joy, Anger, u&s;e of &s;trong Liquors, Aromatics, or too hot a Sea&s;on, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P>If the evacuated Blood is thin, of a florid and brisk Colour, or if, when receiv'd on a Linen Cloth, it di&s;covers a pale Circle, the Sero&s;ity of the Blood is the Cau&s;e; but if the Patient perceives a gnawing, biting, itching Pain, twitch|ing as it were the Genitals, with a de&s;ire of Evacuation; then the Acrimony of the Serum offends: But if the void|ed Blood ea&s;ily clots, is of the natural Colour, being &s;ome|what ob&s;cure; and if withal, the Cheeks are ruddy, Veins &s;wol|len, the Pul&s;e great, quick and frequent, then the fault lies in the over-heating, or fermentative irritation of the Blood.</P>
<PB N="585" REF="293">
<P>This Evil is dangerous if of long continuance; inferring Weakne&s;s, Indige&s;tion, Cachexy, &s;welling of the Feet, Drop&s;y, the Whites: and if the Patient is in years, it is for the mo&s;t part incurable.</P>
<P>In the Cure we mu&s;t indeavour three things; 1. Either to dimini&s;h the Blood by Fa&s;ting, Labour, or Blood-letting, or to alter it with Wormwood, Rhubarb, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> or allay its Fervour and Fermentation, by Plantain, Pur&s;lain, and mild Acids. 2. To check its Fluidity with things that thicken and allay its &s;harp Sero&s;ity with Chalybeat and ab|&s;orbent Medicines. 3. To &s;trengthen the Womb and its Ve&s;&s;els, with A&s;tringent and chiefly Martial Remedies.</P>
<P>Now with regard to the&s;e Indications, we mu&s;t ob&s;erve, 1. That a Flux of any con&s;iderable &s;tanding mu&s;t not be &s;top'd of a &s;udden.</P>
<P N="2">2. The Diet mu&s;t be well order'd, the Patient mu&s;t be kept warm, with re&s;t of Body and Mind; her Drink mu&s;t be warm, and &s;he ought to ab&s;tain from Wine.</P>
<P N="3">3. Mild Purgatives, and &s;uch as leave &s;ome a&s;triction be|hind them, may be u&s;ed before the Flux, when a &s;uperflu|ous Sero&s;ity abounds; as a Dram of Rhubarb mix'd with Con&s;erve of Ro&s;es, or Syrup of Quinces; al&s;o Myrobalans. Or,</P>
<P>Take Pouder of choice Rhubarb a Dram; Marmalad of Quinces half an Ounce; Plantain-water an Ounce; Mix for a draught.</P>
<P N="4">4. Bleeding increa&s;es the Di&s;order, and ought not to be us'd: but in&s;tead of it, if the Blood is wateri&s;h, you may have recour&s;e to Sudorifics and Diuretics.</P>
<P N="5">5. Opiats are of &s;ingular u&s;e in preventing and curing the Paroxi&s;m: but &s;pecial regard mu&s;t be had to the Pa|tient's Strength.</P>
<P>Remedies therefore in this Di&s;ea&s;e are either ab&s;orbent, or allaying, in regard of the Blood, or a&s;tringent with re&s;pect to the Womb. The Oil and Spirit of Vitriol, given in Plantane-water, do's notably allay the ardour of the Blood; al&s;o prepar'd Nitre, <HI>Lapis prunellae,</HI> and mild acid A&s;trin|gents.</P>
<P>As for A&s;tringents which thicken the Blood, and correct its fluidity: The&s;e are Plantane, Pur&s;lain, Shepherds Pur&s;e, Nettles, white flower'd Yarrow, and chiefly their Juices; the Mo&s;s of the wild Plum-tree, and that of the Oak, (gi|ven to a Dram twice or thrice in a potch'd Egg) Loo&s;trife with a purple Flower, the greater Comfrey and its Root,
<PB N="586" REF="294">the Root of Bi&s;tort, Nutmegs, Rinds of bitter Oranges, and their Decoction; the Bark of the Root of the Mul|berry-tree, Rinds of Pomegranates, and their Flowers; Poppv and Henbane-&s;eeds, Pears, Services, Quinces, Medlars, Ma&s;tic, and Wood of the Ma&s;tic-tree; Mi&s;letoe of the Oak, Steel and Chalybeat Remedies, Coral and its Preparations, Allum, Bole-Armenic, &s;eal'd Earth, Am|ber, Dragons Blood, the Dung of an A&s;s, Goo&s;e, or Dog, the Yelk of an Egg, burnt Hart&s;horn, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Of the&s;e, and &s;uch like, many forms may be pre&s;crib'd. As,</P>
<P>Take red Coral prepar'd, yellow Amber, Bole-Armenic, Dragons Blood, of each two Drams; Plantain-&s;eed, calcin'd Borace, of each a Dram; <HI>Laudanum Opiatum</HI> &s;ix Grains; <HI>Hartman</HI>'s Extract of Saffron a Scruple. Make a Pouder, which is of excellent u&s;e when the Di&s;ea&s;e proceeds from watry Blood.</P>
<P>Take Con&s;erve of Ro&s;es vitriolated an Ounce; burnt Hart&s;horn prepar'd, Blood-&s;tone prepar'd, of each a Dram; Allum prepar'd with Sugar, twelve Grains; <HI>Laudanum Opiatum</HI> two Grains. Make an Electuary with the Syrup of acid Pomgranates, which is excellent in all bleedings of the Womb. Or,</P>
<P>Take Water of Frogs Spawn, and of Oak-leaves, of each &s;ix Drams; prepar'd Blood&s;tone two Scruples; Mo&s;es of hu|man Scull a Scruple; Syrup of Myrtles three Drams. But it is in vain to multiply Pre&s;criptions, which any one may vary at his Plea&s;ure.</P>
<P>Externals may likewi&s;e be us'd. Some hang a Ja&s;per about the Neck: Some a Toad kill'd and dry'd: A Pe&s;&s;ary may be made of A&s;&s;es and Hogs Dung with Juice of Plantane, and the Mucilage of Quince-&s;eed. Injections for the Womb may be made of the Decoctions of &s;imple A&s;trin|gents, or their Juices, with addition of Allum.</P>
<P>If a grievous Pain and &s;en&s;e of burning mole&s;t the Va|gina, Henbane and Poppy-&s;eeds may be added to A&s;trin|gents.</P>
<P>Some order a Woman to put on a Shift that has been for eight days worn by a Man, and add, that by &s;o doing, &s;he runs the ri&s;que of never having her Terms again.</P>
<P>Some commend Catapla&s;ms. As,</P>
<P>Take Carpenters Ruddle, Blood&s;tone, and dulcify'd Earth of Vitriol, with red Bole, of each equal parts: Mix them into a Catapla&s;m with Whites of Eggs and Vinegar,
<PB N="587" REF="294">to be apply'd to the Belly, and particularly the Region of the Groin.</P>
<P>Natural hot Baths are excellent, if the Evil is inveterat.</P>
<P>Some al&s;o have found much good by fomenting the Regi|on of the Groin with a Spunge dip'd in the Decoction of Allum, either alone or with the addition of Knotgra&s;s, Roots of Bi&s;tort, and the like.</P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 N="3" TYPE="chapter">
<HEAD>CHAP. III. <HI>Of the Depravation of the Men&s;trual Flux.</HI></HEAD>
<P>WE &s;hall ca&s;t into this Head &s;everal Accidents and De|faults of this Flux, of which we treat in the fol|lowing Articles.</P>
<DIV5 N="1" TYPE="article">
<HEAD>ART. I. <HI>Of the difficulty of the Terms.</HI></HEAD>
<P>TO Women of an impure and Cacochymic Body, it often happens that a day or two before their Cour&s;es are upon them, and &s;ometimes when they begin to flow, they are afflicted with Headaches, pricking and grievous Pains of the Stomac, beating and &s;hooting Pains of the Loins, reaching &s;ometimes to the Groin; al&s;o Pains in the Belly, Palpita|tions of Heart, difficulty of Breathing; which Symptoms either cea&s;e, or at lea&s;t dimini&s;h, when the Terms come; till the&s;e being over, tho&s;e al&s;o vani&s;h.</P>
<P>The&s;e Pains proceed from the Ve&s;&s;els of the outer Neck of the Womb, which either being too &s;mall, or &s;top'd up by the foregoing Flux, hinder the di&s;charge of the fermenting Blood. Moreover, in tho&s;e of an ill habit of Body, Wind coming from the vitiated Bile, and pancreatic Juice, and pa&s;&s;ing from the Guts to the Me&s;entery, occa&s;ions Spa&s;ms and Contractions of the Nerves and Membranes, whence in&s;ue the racking pains re&s;embling tho&s;e of the Cholic.</P>
<P>This Di&s;temper, if not timely prevented, ends in a total Suppre&s;&s;ion of the Terms; &s;ometimes di&s;mal hy&s;teric, and other bad Symptoms en&s;ue.</P>
<P>In order to adju&s;t the Cure, we mu&s;t endeavour to rectify the vitiated Cra&s;is of the Blood by Chalybeat and aromatic volatil Remedies, with the addition of gentle Laxatives.</P>
<PB N="588" REF="295">
<P>In the Paroxy&s;m the Fermentation of the Blood &s;hould be promoted by volatil Aromatics, the Efferve&s;cence of the Bile and pancreatic Juice &s;hould be re&s;train'd by Chalybeat Medicines, and fix'd Acids.</P>
<P>In the Paroxy&s;m let gentle loo&s;ening Cly&s;ters with Tur|pentine be injected; then exhibit the compound E&s;&s;ence of an Ox's Milt, either alone or with the liquid E&s;&s;ence of Steel; to which may be added, E&s;&s;ence of Saffron: al&s;o <HI>Elixir proprietatis,</HI> compound Tincture of Tartar, di&s;till'd Oil of Ani&s;eed, or that of Amber. Or,</P>
<P>Take Penyroyal-water two Ounces; Water of Mug|wort half an Ounce; E&s;&s;ence of Ca&s;tor a Dram and a half; Spirit of Sal Armoniac half a Dram; di&s;till'd Oil of Ani|&s;eed three Drops; Syrup of Mugwort &s;ix Drams. Mix and make a Potion.</P>
<P>If eight days before the flowing of the Terms, an Alte|rative and laxative Bag be given in Wine, the following hy&s;teric Pills will effect the Cure.</P>
<P>Take of Aloe three Drams; be&s;t Myrrh a Scruple; Ex|tracts of <HI>Calamus Aromaticus,</HI> and <HI>Carduus Benedictus,</HI> of each half a Scruple; of Saffron three Grains; of Roots of Gentian, round-rooted Birthwort and Dittany, of each five Grains. With E&s;&s;ence of Myrrh make Pills, to be given during the time of the Flux, from half a Dram to a whole one, for &s;ome days.</P>
<P>Sweet things ought to be avoided; but the following Po|tion to be taken by Spoonfuls, is of &s;ingular efficacy.</P>
<P>Take Water of Swallows with Ca&s;tor, an Ounce and a half; Carminative-water an Ounce; Water of Pennyroyal half an Ounce; <HI>Spcrima Ceti</HI> a Dram; Crabs-eyes prepar'd a Scruple; Diaphoretic Antimony half a Scruple; volatil Salt of Amber eight Grains; Syrup of Cinnamom &s;ix Drams. Mix them.</P>
<P>If the Symptoms are grievous, we mu&s;t have recour&s;e to <HI>Laudanum Opiatum;</HI> but always remember to mix it with &s;uch Ingredients as provoke the Cour&s;es.</P>
<P>If the Cour&s;es are at hand, or begin to flow, a Vein may be open'd in the foot: if they are not look'd for, till after &s;ome days, Blood may be taken from the Arm.</P>
<P>Externally &s;uch things as are pre&s;crib'd in the convul&s;ive Cholic and hy&s;teric Pa&s;&s;ion, may be us'd: Al&s;o this Fomen|tation.</P>
<P>Take of Bay-leaves, Wormwood, of each two handfuls; Pennyroyal a handful; Flowers of Roman Chamomil and
<PB N="589" REF="295">Flder, of each half a handful; Roots of Angelica and Lo|vage, of each two Ounces; Bay-berries an Ounce; Juni|per-berries half an Ounce; the four greater cold Seeds, of each two Drams; cut, brui&s;e, and boil them with a &s;uffici|ent quantity of Wine in a clo&s;e &s;topp'd Ve&s;&s;el.</P>
</DIV5>
<DIV5 N="2" TYPE="article">
<HEAD>ART. II. <HI>Of the le&s;&s;er quantity of the monthly Flux.</HI></HEAD>
<P>SOmetimes the vi&s;cous toughne&s;s of the Blood proceed|ing from a default in Chylification, is &s;uch, that the Terms flow too &s;paringly; upon which in&s;ues a Palpitation of the Heart, difficulty of Breathing, and a beating Pain about the Loins.</P>
<P>In curing this we mu&s;t &s;trive to provoke the Cour&s;es by all &s;uch &s;pecific Remedies as were order'd for the cure of their Suppre&s;&s;ion; &s;uch as half a Dram of <HI>Venetian</HI> Borace, with &s;ome drops of E&s;&s;ence of Saffron, given in Pennyroyal or Cinamon-water; al&s;o the Decoction of Savine, its Extract and Oil, Myrrh, Ca&s;tor, volatil Salt of Amber, and &s;uch like.</P>
<P>Blood may be drawn forth from the Foot; Cupping-gla&s;&s;es, with Scarification, may be applied to the Legs or Thighs; Fomentations of emollient Ingredients mix'd with &s;uch as provoke the Terms, may be u&s;ed if need be.</P>
</DIV5>
<DIV5 N="3" TYPE="article">
<HEAD>ART. III. <HI>Of the Flux of the Terms by drops.</HI></HEAD>
<P>IF there's an Acrimony in the Blood with toughne&s;s and thickne&s;s, or if the Pa&s;&s;ages and Ve&s;&s;els be narrow, there follows a dropping Flux of the Terms, which is either continual, or la&s;ts every Period much longer than it ought, ending &s;ometimes in an exulceration of the Womb. If the Blood is gro&s;s and thick, 'tis a &s;tubborn Evil.</P>
<P>This is cured in like manner as the immoderat Flux.</P>
<P>Steel and Chalybeat Medicines are the top Medicines for compa&s;&s;ing the Cure; al&s;o loo&s;ning and alterative Bags, with hy&s;teric Ingredients, may be u&s;ed with good &s;ucce&s;s.</P>
<P>If the Vagina is excoriated, vulnerary Injections will be convenient.</P>
</DIV5>
<DIV5 N="4" TYPE="article">
<PB N="590" REF="296">
<HEAD>ART. IV. <HI>Of &s;everal other defaults of the Cour&s;es.</HI></HEAD>
<P>SOmetimes the Cour&s;es have not their due Colour, but are either watry-colour'd, whiti&s;h, livid, yellowi&s;h, black, or ting'd with divers ugly Colours; all which proceed from the ill Di&s;po&s;ition of the Blood and Chyle; to cure which after a Vomit, let Chalybeat Remedies, Aloe, Myrrh and Saffron, or compound Tincture of Tartar be given.</P>
<P>If the &s;mell of the Men&s;trual Blood offend by rea&s;on of the Putrefaction begun in the Womb-Ve&s;&s;els, occa&s;ion'd by its &s;luggi&s;h Motion there: We mu&s;t endeavour to re&s;tore its u&s;ual &s;wiftne&s;s. Myrrh, Saffron, <HI>Elixir Proprieta|tis,</HI> compound Tincture of Tartar, E&s;&s;ence of Myrrh, Am|ber, and its E&s;&s;ence, Bal&s;am of Sulphur with Turpentine, Preparations of Aloe with <HI>Mercurius dulcis,</HI> do notably an&s;wer this De&s;ign.</P>
<P>If the Cour&s;es come &s;ooner or later than ordinary, or ob&s;erve no certain period, the default is in the Cra&s;is of the Blood perverted, and the Genitals notably in|feebled.</P>
<P>This Di&s;temper is ever a Forerunner of a Cachexy, and ends either in a total &s;uppre&s;&s;ion, or a Drop&s;y.</P>
<P>Steel and Coral, and the noble Medicines prepar'd from them, accompli&s;h the Cure. But we mu&s;t continue for &s;ome time in the u&s;e of them; joining &s;uch things as either pro|mote or retard the Flux, as occa&s;ion &s;hall require. Of Steel we have its Crocus's and E&s;&s;ences, artificial Spaws, artifi|cial Vitriol of Mars, <HI>Poterius</HI>'s Pills, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> From Coral we have its Sublimation with Sal Armoniac, and its Precipitat and Tincture: To all which we may a<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">d &s;ometimes &s;timu|lating Aromatics, as Cinnamom, Myrrh, Saffron, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> &s;ome|times retarding Opiats; and &s;ometimes Purifyers of the Blood, &s;uch as Fumitory, Germander, Monks Rhubarb, le&s;|&s;er Centory, black Hellebor, and &s;uch like.</P>
<P>If the hypoga&s;tric Ve&s;&s;els terminating in the outer Neck of the Womb, be naturally mi&s;hapen, or mi&s;plac'd, or de|prav'd, by any &s;upervening Ob&s;truction, and accordingly deny egre&s;s to the fermenting boiling Blood, it forces its Pa&s;&s;age through other parts of the Body; &s;uch as the Eyes, Mouth, No&s;e, Brea&s;t, Navel, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> and that either with or without order of time.</P>
<PB N="591" REF="296">
<P>In curing this Dil&s;order, regard being had to the &s;ound or cachectic Di&s;po&s;ition of Body, we mu&s;t endeavour not to &s;uppre&s;s the Flux, but bring it to the natural place.</P>
<P>Internals are of little u&s;e in the Paroxy&s;m, but out of it vo|latil Aromatics may be us'd to open the ob&s;tructed Ve&s;&s;els.</P>
<P>When the Flux is at hand, the Saphaena may be opened; al&s;o Cupping-gla&s;&s;ies may be apply'd to the Groin, to the Calfs of the Legs, and in&s;ides of the Thighs, &s;ometimes with and &s;ome|times without Scarification, in order to turn the force of the Blood to the lower Parts: bathing of the Feet is al&s;o u&s;eful.</P>
<P>To open the Ve&s;&s;els of the Womb, external Fomentati|ons may be apply'd to it; Fumigations of Coloquintida, Pe&s;|&s;aries with Hellebor, Aloe, and &s;uch like, may be us'd: &s;harp Cly&s;ters are likewi&s;e not to be omitted: Or the De|coction of Pennyroyal, Camomil, Savine, with Coloquin|tida, may be injected into the Womb.</P>
<P>And thus much &s;hall &s;uffice for the Di&s;orders of the Terms.</P>
</DIV5>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 N="2" TYPE="chapter">
<HEAD>CHAP. II. <HI>Of the white Flux in Women.</HI></HEAD>
<P>THIS Di&s;ea&s;e being ally'd to the former, &s;hall have place in this Chapter.</P>
<P>The external Neck, or Vagina of the Womb, is a glandu|lous Membran, who&s;e confus'd Glandules every where open into its Cavity, e&s;pecially two glandulous Prominences en|compa&s;&s;ing the Urinary Pa&s;&s;age, which in time of Coition emit a whiti&s;h Liquor &s;omewhat thick and glutinous.</P>
<P>If the matter of this genital Liquor is too copious, &s;piri|tuous, or &s;harp, or if the fore&s;aid Orifices are &s;omewhat loo&s;e and flaccid, there en&s;ues a Flux of that &s;eminal Liquor, that di&s;appears and returns by intervals.</P>
<P>This Flux is &s;ometimes inoffen&s;ive to the Patient, as being but little and &s;eldom; but if it continue long, it mu&s;t be cured by dimini&s;hing or tempering the &s;eminal Liquor, or by &s;traitning the over-loo&s;e parts. Two or three Ounces of the Juice of Citrons or Lemmons, may be taken every Morning for a long time, to moderat the heat and acrimony of the matter; al&s;o Turpentine taken in an Egg, or with the Yelk of an Egg mix'd with Willow-flower-water; but e&s;pecially the Decoction and Extract of the Flowers of the white flower'd dead Nettle, or the Infu&s;ion of Clary in Ale. Externally we u&s;e a&s;tringent Baths and Fomentations.</P>
<PB N="592" REF="297">
<P>But if through default of the Blood and Chyle, the Li|quor &s;eparated and collected by the&s;e Glandules becomes too &s;harp, and either &s;imply Salt, or tinctur'd with acidity; and if withal the Texture of this glandulous Membran is by fre|quent runnings rendred loo&s;e and flaccid; in this Ca&s;e, I &s;ay, there follows a continual and much more copious Flux of a &s;erous Liquor of various Colours, as yellow, black or green, and &s;ometimes of a noi&s;om &s;mell.</P>
<P>This Flux is accompany'd with Cachexies, lo&s;s of Appe|tite, &s;welling of the Feet, Belchings, Weakne&s;s, dulne&s;s of the venereal Appetite, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> and ofttimes occa&s;ions Bar|renne&s;s.</P>
<P>If it is of long continuance, the Cure is hard, e&s;pecially in old Women; if the matter is &s;harp, it cau&s;es Itchings, Burning, Exulcerations of the Genitals, Gangreens, and at length Death.</P>
<P>In curing this Di&s;temper we mu&s;t fir&s;t retrieve the Chy|lification of the Stomach, by vomiting and &s;tomachical Me|dicines. 2. Correct the cachectic Crudity of the Blood, partly by Steel, and partly by volatil Salts and Aromatics. 3. In particular we mu&s;t re&s;i&s;t the Di&s;ea&s;e with Specifics. And 4. Repair the injury done to the &s;olid parts with a&s;trin|gent and nervous Remedies.</P>
<P>Two Scruples of the Pouder of <HI>A&s;arum</HI>-root, given after the u&s;e of Dige&s;tives, is the choice&s;t Vomit. Purgatives are of no u&s;e, but Sudorifics, as Guaiacum, Sa&s;&s;afras, Juniper|wood, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> and Diuretics, as Turpentin, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> may fitly &s;upply their room.</P>
<P>Take Turpentin wa&s;h'd in Ro&s;e-water half an Ounce; Pouders of red Coral and Bole Armenic, of each half a Dram. Mix, and take it twice a week fa&s;ting: 'tis an excel|lent Diuretic.</P>
<P>Ro&s;emary is of noted efficacy, to which &s;ome add leaves of Mint and Baum: al&s;o the Roots of Galangal, Cyperus, Avens, Marjoram, Clove Gilly-flowers, and their di&s;till'd Oils; al&s;o vulnerary Herbs, as Ladies Mantle, Agrimony, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P>Of Steel Medicines, the chief are Liquor <HI>Martis Solaris,</HI> Tincture of Steel with Tartar, its <HI>Solution</HI> in Juice of Quinces, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P>Internal Specifics for this Flux are &s;uch as allay the &s;alti&s;h Acid, dry up watry Humours, and leave &s;ome a&s;triction behind; &s;uch are Mi&s;letoe of the Oak in Sub&s;tance and De|coction; (the Decoction of the Pine-nut, with the Wood of this Mi&s;letoe is an admirable Remedy) drop Fern,
<PB N="593" REF="297">Tormentil, <HI>Solomon</HI>'s Seal, Angelica, and the like; Garden and wild Clary, us'd any way, for internal or external U&s;e, dead Nettle with the white Flower, its Water, Con&s;erve or Decoction, Walnut-&s;hells, white flower'd Millfoil, Fern|root, Melilot with the white Flower, Plantane, Hor&s;e-tail, white Dai&s;y, Woods of Ma&s;tic, Guaiacum and Sa&s;&s;afras, Chalybeat Milk mix'd with Bole Armenic, &s;hells of hatch'd Eggs either crude or calcin'd given to half a Dram, the Bone of the Cuttle-fi&s;h, Jaw-bone of a Pike, River-Crabs, Capons head powder'd, burnt Cork given to a Dram, Am|ber and its Preparations, prepar'd Cry&s;tal, Pumice-&s;tone crude or calcin'd, Diaphoretic Antimony, feathered Allum, <HI>O&s;teocolla,</HI> the Pizzle of a Hart or Whale. Of the&s;e Ingre|dients various Receipts may be pre&s;crib'd. As,</P>
<P>Take <HI>O&s;toocolla</HI> prepar'd half an Ounce; prepar'd Cry|&s;tal and Jaw of a Pike, of each a Dram; with the Con&s;erve of Ro&s;emary-flowers make an Electuary to be taken twice or thrice a day.</P>
<P>Take Walnut-&s;hells two Drams; Ani&s;eed a Dram. Mix, and make a Pouder for four or five Do&s;es.</P>
<P>Among external Remedies, the Ointment of Clary is famous, <HI>viz.</HI> Take Clary and beat it up with Butter, let it &s;tand &s;ometime to putrify, then boil and &s;train it; with this anoint from the Navel to the Groin, u&s;ing it al&s;o by way of a Pe&s;&s;ary. Natural Baths are u&s;eful, as al&s;o artificial ones made with Quick-lime, Allum, Sage, Clary, Mugwort, Fever|few, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> or Injections of the A&s;hes of Walnut-kernels with Wine. Some u&s;e Fumigations with Ma&s;tic, Frankincen&s;e, Nutmeg, Amber, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Or convey the Smoak of Sage by a Pipe. I&s;&s;ues in the Thighs, Legs, and Shoulders, are of u&s;e to divert the Humours.</P>
</DIV4>
</DIV3>
<DIV3 N="2" TYPE="section">
<PB N="594" REF="298">
<HEAD>SECT. II. <HI>Of the Di&s;orders of Women relating to the venereal Appetite.</HI></HEAD>
<DIV4 N="1" TYPE="chapter">
<HEAD>CHAP. I. <HI>Of the lo&s;s of Virginity.</HI></HEAD>
<P>IN the outer Neck of the Womb behind the Urinary Pa&s;&s;age, there is a tran&s;ver&s;e Membrane plac'd, which if the Lips of the Privity be drawn a&s;ide, re&s;embles a Cre&s;cent with a hole in the upper &s;ide; but when the Lips fall together, it has the appearance of three &s;mall fle&s;hy Prominences like Myrtle-berries.</P>
<P>In the Integrity of this Membrane, together with the &s;traitne&s;s of the Vagina, does Virgin-Innocence con&s;i&s;t; and Virginity is &s;aid to be lo&s;t, when by the admi&s;&s;ion of the human Yard the former is violently broken, or loo&s;ened and di&s;tended, and the latter widened; tho yet in the mean while it may be violated by other means.</P>
<P>Tho Virginity once lo&s;t can never be properly re&s;tor'd, yet an artificial one, aping the true, may be obtain'd by &s;trait|ning the Genitals, and retrieving their natural Tone: which is effected by Baths and Fomentations prepar'd of A&s;trin|gents, &s;uch as the Root of the greater Comfrey, Plantane, Ladies Mantle, Rob of Acacia, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> to which Allum mu&s;t &s;till be added. As,</P>
<P>Take of Oak and Plantane-leaves, of each a handful; Root of the greater Comfrey three Ounces; Galls an Ounce; Al|lum half an Ounce; boil them in water. This Decoction may be injected by a Syringe, or apply'd externally with a Spunge.</P>
<P>Moreover, if we frequently foment the great, &s;oft, and flagging Brea&s;ts of Women that have conceiv'd, with the di&s;till'd water of green Pine, and wa&s;h them with the &s;ame at night, letting them dry of them&s;elves, they will become little, round, and hard. Ladies Mantle, Feaverfew and Clary, are al&s;o of u&s;e for this purpo&s;e.</P>
<PB N="595" REF="298">
<P>That which provokes Virgins to forfeit their Title to the Angelical Character is Lu&s;t, which they begin to entertain about the age of fourteen, when the men&s;trual Flux com|mences.</P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 N="2" TYPE="chapter">
<HEAD>CHAP. II. <HI>Of the Depravation of the venereal Appetite.</HI></HEAD>
<P>THE venereal Appetite or Lu&s;t is nothing el&s;e but a tender &s;en&s;e and tickling of the extended Clitoris, caus'd by the influence of &s;eminal matter abounding in the two gland<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ous Prominences, and other Glandules of the Vagina.</P>
<P>This according to nature ought to be moderat; how|ever it is &s;ometimes deficient, and &s;ometimes it exceeds.</P>
<P>The langui&s;hing of the venereal Appetite is frequently occa&s;i|on'd by the paucity of Genital Liquor, and its want of Spirits, proceeding &s;ometimes from another Di&s;ea&s;e, as the Scurvy, Whites, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> But if this Appetite is altogether wanting, I am of opinion it is a default in the Structure or Confor|mation of the parts, and admits of no cure.</P>
<P>As to the former, it is an Evil of little danger, &s;ave that it is ordinarily accompanied with barrenne&s;s.</P>
<P>The want of Genital Liquor may be &s;upplied by the u&s;e of juicy Food and volatil Aromatics, &s;uch as Musk, Civet, and Amber. But if it is only the effect of other Cau&s;es, 'tis cur'd by their removal.</P>
<P>Externally foment with the Infu&s;ion of Ants, together with their Ne&s;t; and anoint the Groin and Privities with the Oil of Ants, or with Aromatic Oils or Apoplectic Bal|&s;am mix'd with Civet and Musk.</P>
<P>If the &s;eminal humor contain'd in the glandulous Sub&s;tance of the Vagina, either by too long retention, or otherwi&s;e, become &s;harp, &s;alti&s;h, or &s;omewhat acid, it excites &s;ome|times in the places through which it pa&s;&s;es, &s;uch an itching as di&s;turbs Sleep; it is &s;ometimes accompany'd with a de&s;ire of Copulation, but oftner not.</P>
<P>In curing this, we mu&s;t begin, if need be, with mild Lax|atives and Sudorifics, and, if needful, allay the Acrimony of the Humour, and fini&s;h what remains by external Appli|cations. The Internals are the Infu&s;ions and Decoctions of Fumitory, Succory, Scabious, Baum, Penny-royal, Roots of Bryony, Black Hellebor, Polypody, <HI>&amp;c. Mercurius
<PB N="596" REF="299">dulcis,</HI> and Troches Alhandal an&s;wer the purgative end, as the E&s;&s;ences of Elder, the Tincture of Coral, and the Spi|rit of Woods perform the alterative and diaphoretic Office.</P>
<P>Of Externals, the Preparations of Lead and Mercury are the be&s;t: &s;uch as Vinegar wherein calcin'd Lead is di&s;|&s;olv'd. If the Evil proves &s;tubborn, anoint the Lips of the Privities with an Ointment made up of one part of Oil of Tobacco, and two of the Ointment of Tutty; or ap|ply Bli&s;tering-plai&s;ters; or cut I&s;&s;ues in the Thighs.</P>
<P>Sometimes the acid Humour retain'd corrodes the Lips of the Privities, and occa&s;ions Wheals, Pu&s;hes, and in fine Scabs, which are of a mild Character, but very itching; but there are others call'd <HI>Epinictides,</HI> yet different from tho&s;e little painful ones that &s;pring from foul Embraces. However both the one and the other are catching, and dif|ficultly cur'd.</P>
<P>For cure we mu&s;t begin with &s;uch Univer&s;als as are u&s;ed again&s;t the Scab or Itch; e&s;pecially laxative Bags of the Root of Briony and Spurge: and if they are of the ma|lignant kind, we mu&s;t u&s;e Mercurial, and other Specifics for the Pox.</P>
<P>Externally you may apply Oil of Ro&s;es mixt with Yelks of Eggs, and di&s;colour'd by beating in a leaden Mortar. Or,</P>
<P>Take of the Decoction of Quick-line one pound; Sugar of Lead a Dram. Inject one half, and foment with the other. If you &s;u&s;pect Infection, in&s;tead of <HI>Saccharum Satur|ni</HI> take a Dram of <HI>Mercurius dulcis.</HI> Or,</P>
<P>Take of Aloe and Myrrh, of each the bigne&s;s of a &s;mall Pea&s;e; Verdigrice half as much; of white Wine, Ro&s;e and Plantane-water, of each an Ounce: Mix for Injection and external Wa&s;hing.</P>
<P>You may al&s;o u&s;e <HI>&V;nguentum Album Camphoratum,</HI> or <HI>de Lithargyrio</HI> mixt with Oil of Tartar <HI>per Deliquium</HI> in the mild &s;ort, and with <HI>Mercurius dulcis</HI> in the malignant ones.</P>
<P>If the venereal Appetit is exalted to the pitch of a <HI>Deli|rium,</HI> it is then ca<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">'d <HI>furor &V;terinus,</HI> a Di&s;order incident as well to Virgins, as married Women and Widows. Such Per&s;ons are talkative and peevi&s;h; they ramble through the Streets, and &s;olicit whoever they meet to Venery, and re|ceive a denyal with the highe&s;t Indignation; &s;ometimes wan|tonly uncover them&s;elves before Men, and interlard their incoherent Di&s;cour&s;es with Smut and Bawdry.</P>
<PB N="597" REF="299">
<P>This Di&s;temper at fir&s;t is ea&s;ily cur'd, but if neglected, ends in ab&s;olute Madne&s;s: Wherefore in the beginning 'tis pro|per to exhibit a &s;trong Emetic, enjoin a &s;pare Diet, and drain the Genital Liquor, by extingui&s;hing Specifics, &s;uch as are the Root of white Water-Lilly, <HI>Agnus Ca&s;tus,</HI> chief|ly its Seed; Lettuce, Rue, Pur&s;lain, Hemlock, principally its Seed; Willow-leaves, the Liquor running from its &s;maller Branches lopt off in the Spring, Hemp and Poppy|&s;eed, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Or,</P>
<P>Take Hemp-&s;eed two Ounces; Seeds of Lettuce and Pur|&s;lain, of each two Drams: Make an Emul&s;ion with Pur&s;lain-water, to be &s;weetened with Syrup of Water-Lilly. If Cam|phyr or an Opiat be added, 'twill be more effectual.</P>
<P>The Efferve&s;cence of the Blood, and by con&s;equence the Turge&s;cence of the Seminal Liquor, mu&s;t likewi&s;e be re|pre&s;s'd by frequent Bleeding and ab&s;orbent Acids, &s;uch as the Juice of Citrons, Lemons and Pomegranats; Nitre, Sugar of Lead, Coral, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> and al&s;o by mild Sudorifics: and be&s;ides, in order to put a &s;top to the Fury and impe|tuous Motion of the Animal Spirits, 'tis convenient to add Poppy-&s;eed, Opium and Camphyr.</P>
<P>Externally we u&s;e Catapla&s;ms, Baths and Fomentations of Mandrake, Night&s;hade, Pur&s;lain, Rue, Hemlock, Poppy, and &s;uch like.</P>
</DIV4>
</DIV3>
<DIV3 N="3" TYPE="section">
<HEAD>SECT. III. <HI>Of the Di&s;orders of the whole Body, which are &s;up|pos'd to proceed from the Womb.</HI></HEAD>
<DIV4 N="1" TYPE="chapter">
<HEAD>CHAP. I. <HI>Of the Green Sickne&s;s.</HI></HEAD>
<P>AS the fir&s;t arrival of &s;eminal Liquor occa&s;ions &s;everal notable Alterations in Women; &s;o if it is too long retain'd, and con&s;equently corrupted and altered, it ferments the Ma&s;s of Blood, Juices and Spirits, introducing an Evil di&s;po&s;ition of the whole Body, called the Green Sickne&s;s, or white Virgin Feaver; in which the Colour of the Skin is pale, or &s;omewhat livid and ugly, attended by a blui&s;h Circle under the Eyes, Anxiety and Sadne&s;s, without
<PB N="598" REF="300">manife&s;t Cau&s;e; a &s;low, ob&s;cure, and di&s;orderly Feaver; an unequal and incon&s;tant Pul&s;e; Vomitings in the day time, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> It only invades Virgins and Widows, or Wo|men retir'd from Men; and is heedfully to be di&s;tingui&s;h'd from the Cachexy or evil Di&s;po&s;ition of Body that's com|mon to both Sexes.</P>
<P>It is difficult to be known: however, if no error in Diet, or the u&s;e of the &s;ix Nonnaturals; no Ob&s;truction of the Cour&s;es, or other manife&s;t Cau&s;e have preceded; or if the Patient of a forward brisk Maid is become &s;ad and anxious, or is a forlorn Widow, who formerly was a healthy Wife; we may in &s;uch ca&s;es conclude this to be the Di&s;ea&s;e, which the older it is has the wor&s;t Symptoms following it.</P>
<P>In curing of it we mu&s;t endeavour to correct the default of Genital Liquor, and remove the vitious Cra&s;is of the Blood, and by proper Remedies cure the incident Symptoms.</P>
<P>For the former Intentions, Camphyr is a notable Reme|dy; it not only dimini&s;hes the quantity of &s;eminal Liquor, and amends its virulency, but has a peculiar Virtue of for|tifying the Blood and Spirits. Amber al&s;o, Myrrh and its E&s;&s;ence prepar'd with Nitre, Ca&s;tor, Spirit of Sal Ar|moniac, and all Remedies prepar'd from them, Preparations of Lead, and moderat Acids, are all proper. As,</P>
<P>Take of the Con&s;erve of Baum an Ounce and a half; Con&s;erve of Citron Pulp, and of Quinces, of each &s;ix Drams; E&s;&s;ence of Myrrh half an Ounce; prepar'd Am|ber two Drams; Cry&s;tal Mineral of Lead, Pouder of Ca&s;tor, of each a Dram; Cloves, Mace, Zedoary, of each a Scru|ple; Camphyr half a Scruple: Make an Electuary with Sy|rup of Pomegranats.</P>
<P>With the&s;e, &s;uch things as extingui&s;h the Seed may be m<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">x'd, as <HI>Agnus Ca&s;tus,</HI> Willow, Hemp; and po&s;&s;ibly Turpentine may not be ami&s;s. Opiats allay the &s;everity of Symptoms, and may be mix'd with other Specifics. Bleeding, and that often repeated, is not improper.</P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 N="2" TYPE="chapter">
<HEAD>CHAP. II. <HI>Of a Cachexy in Women.</HI></HEAD>
<P>ANother Fountain of Di&s;ea&s;es commonly term'd hy&s;teric, is the &s;uppre&s;&s;ion of the Terms, from which a nume|rous train of Evils proceed, e&s;pecially if it happens on a &s;ud|de<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">; by rea&s;on both of the quantity and deprav'd quality of
<PB N="599" REF="300">the &s;tagnating Blood: for when there is too great a quantity of Blood, its due Circulation, and fermentative Turge&s;cence being re&s;train'd, it becomes le&s;s &s;pirituous and volatil, yea gro&s;s and vi&s;cid, and as it were, flat and u&s;ele&s;s. And as touching its quality, we ought to remember that tho all the Ma&s;s of Blood is originally of the &s;ame condition and na|ture, yet that which by the monthly Fermentation is mea&s;ur'd out to be expell'd, undergoes a &s;ingular Change in the Ve&s;|&s;els of the Womb, where it waits for Pa&s;&s;age, and acquires a certain corro&s;ive Acrimony, or aluminous Tincture.</P>
<P>Now from the&s;e Cau&s;es &s;pring innumerable Mi&s;|chiefs, &s;uch as Pleuri&s;ies, Quin&s;ies, Inflammations of the Womb, Epilep&s;ies, unu&s;ual Longings, Melancoly, Tu|mours and hard Swellings of the Womb and Spleen, &s;tubborn Headaches, Palpitations and Beatings, as well of the Heart as in the Back and Loins and under the Short|ribs; till at length the dige&s;tive Ferment of the Stomach, the Bile and pancreatic Juice being &s;poiled, evil Di&s;po&s;itions of Body, Jaundice, Drop&s;ies, and Con&s;umptions, and fi|nally Death, creep in.</P>
<P>Now to obviat the&s;e Evils we mu&s;t jointly carry on two De&s;igns. 1. We mu&s;t correct the vitious Cra&s;is of the Blood and other Juices, particularly its au&s;tere Acidity: And, 2. Revive the monthly Fermentation of the Blood, that the Terms may flow as they ought. The&s;e in gene|ral we may compa&s;s by Steel, and aromatic volatil Medi|cines. But we mu&s;t fir&s;t of all give a Vomit, and repeat it, if occa&s;ion require: for this end we u&s;e Preparations of Antimony, which are be&s;t, <HI>A&s;arum,</HI> Hellebor, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> as for example; two Drams of Oxymel <HI>Helleboratum Ge&s;neri</HI> for a Do&s;e. It is likewi&s;e convenient to purge with <HI>Quer|cetanus</HI>'s Pills of Tartar and Gum Ammoniac; or tho&s;e of Hiera with Agaric; or by adding to alterative Bags the Roots of Bryony, black Hellebor, and Colocynth.</P>
<P>As for Calybeats we may u&s;e <HI>Zwelfer</HI>'s Tincture of Vi|triol of <HI>Mars,</HI> Tincture of Steel prepar'd with Spirit of Sal Armoniac and Spirit of Wine, Aperitive Crocus's of <HI>Mars</HI> prepar'd with fix'd Salts, and &s;uch like: al&s;o Wine or De|coctions of Ro&s;emary impregnated with Steel, <HI>Quercet<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">us</HI>'s Cachectic Pouder, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P>To the&s;e we join Aromatics and aperient Ingredients, e&s;pe|cially Sa&s;&s;afras, Galangal, the greater hot Seeds, Juniper and Bay-berries: al&s;o the volatil Spirit of Tartar, and <HI>Elixir Pro|prietatis</HI> prepar'd without an Acid. The Specifics mu&s;t be
<PB N="600" REF="301">calculated according to the variety of Symptoms: An Epi|lep&s;y and convul&s;ive Motions require Remedies from Cin|nabar, Ca&s;tor and Amber.</P>
<P>The Headach calls for the volatil Salts and Anti&s;corbutics, as volatil Salt of Amber both internally and externally.</P>
<P>For Palpitations of the Heart we choo&s;e Remedies from Coral, chiefly its Tincture; or the Pouder of Zedoary mix'd with prepar'd red Coral.</P>
<P>If a &s;topping of the Terms is followed by a melancoly <HI>Delirium,</HI> let Antimonial Emetics be repeated, and the Spi|rit and Pouder of a human Secundine, added to the inci|dent Pre&s;criptions.</P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 N="3" TYPE="chapter">
<HEAD>CHAP. III. <HI>Of the Hysteric Pa&s;&s;ion.</HI></HEAD>
<P>THO this Di&s;ea&s;e is accounted peculiar to Women, and to proceed from the Womb, yet it is found by experi|ence to be common al&s;o to Men, and to be of the &s;ame Na|ture with their hypocondriac and &s;corbutical Di&s;tempers: Its Symptoms are as follows.</P>
<P>The Paroxy&s;m is u&s;her'd in with noi&s;e and murmurings in the Belly, and &s;ometimes the apprehen&s;ion: as it were of a Ball violently mov'd and to&s;s'd hither and thither, and ri&s;ing up gradually. It is always attended by a &s;tretching or tear|ing Pain under the &s;hort Ribs; a plentiful breaking of Wind upwards or downwards; frequent Yaunings and Stretch|ings; various and violent Pains in the Belly, either fix'd or floating; pro&s;tration of Appetite and Co&s;tivene&s;s; a Vo|miting &s;ometimes of a greeni&s;h or yellowi&s;h matter, of an acid or &s;trange Ta&s;te; Palpitation of the Heart, with a &s;mall, weak, and &s;ometimes intermitting Pul&s;e; Swooning, diffi|culty of Breathing, and danger of Suffocation; giddine&s;s of the Head, dimne&s;s of the Eyes; &s;ometimes frequent Laughter, various kinds of <HI>Deliriums,</HI> Convul&s;ions, &s;trange Motions of the Joints and whole Body; &s;ometimes a total Ce&s;&s;ation of all the Sen&s;es internal and external: for the mo&s;t part the beginning and increa&s;e of the Fit is ac|companied with coldne&s;s, &s;ucceeded in the declen&s;ion with heat, ending in a large Sweat.</P>
<P>This Di&s;ea&s;e proceeds from a vitious Efferve&s;cence in the Guts of a preternatural Acid, bred in the Stomach, <HI>Pan|crea<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">,</HI> or other Glandules, with the bilious Juice; whence the me&s;enteric Nerves being irritated, give ri&s;e to the various
<PB N="601" REF="301">Symptoms of the Abdomen. And the vitious Acid being carried into the Blood, occa&s;ions al&s;o its Coagulation and Stagnation. To which we may join a di&s;orderly and di&s;turb'd Motion of the animal Spirits, e&s;pecially in the in|terco&s;tal Nerve, and tho&s;e of the <HI>Par vagum,</HI> which &s;pread the Di&s;order all over the Body.</P>
<P>The Paroxy&s;ms of this Di&s;ea&s;e are reviv'd &s;ometimes by violent Pa&s;&s;ions of the Mind, as Anger, a Fright, Grief; &s;ometimes by &s;trong Smells, whether from &s;weet &s;melling things, as Musk, Civet, Amber, Ro&s;es, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> as it frequently happens, or from fetid things, according to the peculiar temperament of the Patient. To which we may add, as a confirming Circum&s;tance, the u&s;e of &s;weet things, which ea&s;ily turn acid.</P>
<P>When the hy&s;teric Woman lies de&s;titute of Sen&s;e and Motion, you may know if there is life, by u&s;ing a Looking|gla&s;s, or Feathers, or blowing Snu&s;h up the No&s;e.</P>
<P>This Di&s;ea&s;e is &s;eldom mortal in Maids, but di&s;appears for the mo&s;t part in time of Child-bearing; or if it &s;eize Women with Child 'tis dangerous; in old Women 'tis &s;eldom cured.</P>
<P>In delivering the Cure of this Di&s;ea&s;e, we &s;hall order what is to be done in the Fit, and what out of it. The Violence and Fury of Hy&s;teric Paroxy&s;ms &s;uffer us not to &s;tand idle Spectators, but require a &s;peedy help, both with external and internal Remedies.</P>
<P>As for Externals, fir&s;t we mu&s;t apply to the No&s;trils &s;uch things as yield a &s;trong and &s;tinking Smell, re|garding &s;till the temperament of the Patient: Above all, I e&s;teem volatil penetrating Salts; as Spirit of Sal Ar|moniac, Spirit of Hart&s;horn, or any other urinous vola|til Spirit. In great Swoonings, Ca&s;tor infus'd in &s;trong Wine, and the Smoak of things burnt may be u&s;eful, as that of Amber, Nutmegs, Feathers and Quills of Birds, chiefly of Partridges, Hairs and Horns of Bea&s;ts, Lignum Aloes, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P>In the mean while, to allay the Contraction of the Inte|&s;tines, apply to the Region of the Navel and Pit of the Stomac aromatic Oils, &s;uch as that of Rue, Ani&s;e, Laurel, Ca&s;tor, Am|ber, fetid Oil of Tartar, Guajacum, Spike, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> or an Oint|ment made of Clary boil'd in Butter, or Camphyr di&s;&s;olv'd in Oil of Sweet Almonds. Or,</P>
<P>Take di&s;till'd Oils of Amber, Spike, of each half a Dram; of Cumin half a Scruple; of Mace nine Drops. Mix and anoint the Back-bone, Region of the Navel, and Pit of the Stomac. Some apply beaten Garlic.</P>
<PB N="602" REF="302">
<P>After anointing it will be fit to apply a Plai&s;ter of Galba|num, to which &s;ome add Tacamahac, Ca&s;tor, Pitch, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> A girdle &s;trongly ty'd about the &s;hort Ribs is helpful; as al&s;o &s;weet-&s;melling things apply'd to the Genitals, as a Pe&s;&s;ary anointed with Peruvian Bal&s;am, or Oil of Nutmeg, where|in &s;ome Civet is di&s;&s;olv'd, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> It will likewi&s;e be proper to inject Cly&s;ters of Carminative, Aromatic, and pene|trating Ingredients, to which volatil Salts &s;ometimes may be added. As,</P>
<P>Take Chamomil with the Flowers, Leaves of Sage and Fever-few, of each a handful; Roots of Angelica and Lo|vage, of each &s;ix Drams; the four le&s;&s;er hot Seeds, Salt of Tartar, of each a Dram: boil them in a &s;ufficient quantity of common Water; to nine Ounces of the &s;train'd Decocti|on, add Electuary of Bay-berries an Ounce; di&s;till'd Oil of Amber, volatil Salt of Hart&s;horn or Urine, of each a Scruple; the Yelk of one Egg: Mix them, and make a Cly&s;ter.</P>
<P>To &s;uch Decoctions you may al&s;o add Electuary of <HI>Hie|ra Picra,</HI> Ca&s;tor, di&s;till'd Oils of Cumin, Caraways, Amber, Juniper-berries, Turpentine, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Or, in&s;tead of di&s;till'd Oils, volatil Salts, from a Scruple to half a Dram; as that of Urine, Hart&s;horn, Amber, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Cly&s;ters of the Smoak of Tobacco are al&s;o approv'd.</P>
<P>If the Patient is plethorick, a Vein may be opened, but with due caution.</P>
<P>Internally in the time of the Fit, volatil and oily Salts are to be us'd, and in particular &s;uch as readily cau&s;e &s;weat, to which Opiats may be added: Bitter things therefore are in common u&s;e, &s;uch as Set-wall, Southernwood, Wormwood, Lovage, Angelica, Gentian-root, Mint, Galangal, Penny-royal, Fever-few, Clary, its Decoction and Spirit, Roman and common Chamomil, Orange Peel, wild Carrot-&s;eed, Juniper-berries, Garlic taken in Wine, its Electuary, Saffron, Ro&s;emary, Myrrh, Elder and dwarf Elder-berries, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> all which by virtue of an oily volatil Salt de&s;troy the vitious Acid. To the&s;e we may add Ca&s;tor, <HI>A&s;&s;a foetida,</HI> the vo|latil Salts them&s;elves; as Spirit of Sal Armoniac, Hart&s;horn, volatil Salt of Amber (given from five Grains to twelve in Swallow-water with Ca&s;tor) di&s;till'd Oil of Amber; vola|til Salt of Soot, the Tincture of Tartar, Tincture of the Dro&s;s of the <HI>Regulus</HI> of Antimony, Tincture of Ca&s;tor prepar'd with Spirit of Wine or otherwi&s;e; all the &s;everal Preparations of the fore-mention'd Simples; <HI>Crollius</HI>'s Elixir
<PB N="603" REF="302">for the Womb; Camphyr, the Spirit of human Secundine, chiefly that of the fir&s;t Child; the Juice of Cour&s;er's Dung, expre&s;s'd with Wine or Ale, or its Decoction: to all which we join Opium, Hy&s;teric <HI>Laudanum,</HI> Mithridate and Triacle; of which innumerable Pre&s;criptions might be made up. As,</P>
<P>Take of the Waters of Mint, Elder-flowers, and Fever-few, of each an Ounce; E&s;&s;ence of Ca&s;tor three Drams; volatil Salt of Hart&s;horn twelve Grains; that of Amber eight Grains; Hy&s;teric <HI>Laudanum</HI> nine Grains; Syrup of Orange Peel &s;ix Drams. Mix, and make a Potion. Or,</P>
<P>Take prepar'd Amber, prepar'd Pearls, or Crabs-eyes, Ca&s;tor, of each a Scruple; di&s;till'd Oils of Rue and Am|ber, of each five Drops. Mix, and make a Pouder.</P>
<P>'Tis to be noted that Preparations with Ca&s;tor, and &s;uch like fat volatil Salts, yielding a &s;trong &s;mell, agree not with &s;ome Patients, for whom meagre Salts are more proper; as dulcify'd Salt of Nitre, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> If &s;weet Smells or Ta&s;ts be offen&s;ive, we choo&s;e Medicines of contrary qualities.</P>
<P>After the Fit is over, if a Relap&s;e is feared, it may be prevented by the u&s;e of Medicines partaking of Steel. As,</P>
<P>Take Anti&s;corbutic and Hy&s;&s;op-water, of each an Ounce and a half; Solution of Steel in Juice of Apples three Drams; Spirit of Scurvy Gra&s;s a Dram and a half; fermented <HI>Laudanum</HI> two Grains; Syrup for the Scurvy three Drams. Mix, and make a Potion.</P>
<P>But if what is above pre&s;crib'd prove ineffectual, we may try a &s;trong Snuff, and if that has no effect, give a Vomit; yea Blood-letting has been found &s;ometimes to avail in de&s;pe|rat Ca&s;es.</P>
<P>Hitherto we have pre&s;crib'd what is to be done during the Paroxy&s;m; when 'tis over, we fir&s;t give Dige&s;tives, then Vomits, and afterwards Anti-hypocondriac and Anti&s;cor|butic Remedies: for Dige&s;tives, I refer you to the hypo|condriac and &s;corbutic Di&s;ea&s;es. Or,</P>
<P>Take red Coral prepar'd, or Mother of Pearl, or Crabs-eyes prepar'd, half a Dram; <HI>Arcanum Duplicatum</HI> a Scruple; Salt of Wormwood half a Scruple. Mix for three Do&s;es.</P>
<P>For a Vomit, take <HI>Arcanum Duplicatum,</HI> or <HI>Tachenius</HI>'s vitriolated Tartar, nine Grains; <HI>Myn&s;icht</HI>'s Emetic Tar|tar two or three Grains. Mix, and make a Pouder.</P>
<P>Next to the&s;e, Aromatics mix'd with mild Laxatives are to be us'd; and the&s;e almo&s;t the &s;ame as the internal Spe|cifics pre&s;crib'd in the Fit. In &s;hort, the Method of Cure is the &s;ame with that of hypocondriac and &s;corbutic Di&s;orders:
<PB N="604" REF="303">So that alterative Bags of carminative Ingredients, &s;uch as are friendly to the Nerves and Womb, infus'd in Wine, are of very good u&s;e. Or, whatever partakes of a volatil Alcali, or a volatil oily aromatic Salt more or le&s;s bit|ter, which de&s;troys Acids, or has an anodine Quality; as the Roots of Angelica, Butter-burr, Set-wall, Lovage, Gentian, and the like; al&s;o Orange-peel, and all Aromatics, e&s;pecially Clary, and its Decoction; al&s;o Baum, Ro&s;emary, Mug|wort, Sage, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> the Carminative Seeds, or tho&s;e call'd hot; to which wild Laxatives, &s;uch as black Hellebor and Brio|ny, may be added: As for example,</P>
<P>Take of the Leaves of Baum, Fever-few, Pennyroyal, of each a handful; Leaves of Senna, Roots of Gentian and black Hellebor, of each a Dram; prepar'd Spurge, and true aromatic Co&s;tus, of each three Drams; Set-wall, Salt of Tartar, of each half an Ounce: Cut, brui&s;e, and tie them in a Bag to be infus'd in Wine.</P>
<P>Medicines of Steel are wonderfully helpful; as al&s;o &s;uccinated Spirit of Salt Ammoniac given to thirty Drops at night, and mild Laxatives mix'd with Opiats.</P>
<P>Take Gum Ammoniac di&s;&s;olv'd in Vinegar half a Scru|ple; Vitriol of <HI>Mars</HI> five Grains; Extract of Ca&s;tor three or four Grains; Extract of Troches Alhandal a Grain; or of the Troches them&s;elves three Grains. Make Pills with the di&s;till'd Oil of Amber.</P>
</DIV4>
</DIV3>
<DIV3 N="4" TYPE="section">
<HEAD>SECT. IV. <HI>Of the Di&s;orders of Women denying admi&s;&s;ion to Men.</HI></HEAD>
<DIV4 N="1" TYPE="chapter">
<HEAD>CHAP. I. <HI>Of the down-falling of the Womb.</HI></HEAD>
<P>SOmetimes the outer Neck of the Womb, e&s;pecially its internal wrinkled Membrane, either by hard Labour, or the unskilful hand of a Midwife, or by an immo|derate red or white Flux, is &s;o relaxated and extended, that it hangs out in form of a Ball, having a hole in the middle, two
<PB N="605" REF="303">Fingers breadth without the Privity; and &s;ometimes &s;ome part of the internal Membrane is relaxated, and hangs out like a blind round Ball by a &s;mall Neck. In this Ca&s;e both the Antients and &s;ome of the Moderns fancy that the Womb falls down: Whereas that Symptom never happens but when an unskilful Midwife pulls it down by force, and &s;o kills the Patient outright.</P>
<P>This Di&s;temper is u&s;her'd in by a &s;tretching Pain of the Parts to which the Womb is fa&s;tened; &s;ometimes a Feaver and Convul&s;ions &s;upervene, and &s;ometimes the prominent Sub&s;tance becomes the Seat of an Ulcer or Gangrene, and mu&s;t be cut out by the hand of the Surgeon.</P>
<P>All that Art can do is, 1. To re&s;tore the Part fallen down to its natural Place. 2. To confirm it there either truly by A&s;tringents, or palliatively by other means. 3. If that can't be compa&s;s'd, Amputation is the only relief.</P>
<P>The Patient being conveniently plac'd on her Back, let the part be gently put up with ones Fingers cover'd with a &s;oft Cloth wet with the Decoction of mild di&s;cu&s;&s;ive Aro|matics; &s;uch as Ro&s;emary, Sage, Wormwood, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> boil'd in equal parts of Wine and common Water, or Water from the Forge.</P>
<P>This done, Decoctions prepar'd of vulnerary A&s;tringents are to be us'd internally; &s;uch as tho&s;e of Rupture-wort, Mou&s;ear, Knot-gra&s;s, Comfrey-root, Cyprus-Nuts, Betony, Tormentil, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> to which Ani&s;e and Fennel-&s;eeds, and the four greater hot-&s;eeds may be added.</P>
<P>Externally al&s;o A&s;tringents mu&s;t be us'd; the place may be fumigated with their Smoak, or their Decoction injected, or the Privity fomented therewith, or a Pe&s;&s;ary of carded Wool may be dip'd in it and apply'd. Such A&s;tringents are Galls, Oak-leaves, and tho&s;e of the Myrtle, Sloe-tree, Hor&s;e-tail, Ladies-Mantle, Milfoil, Pomegranat-rind, Su|mac, and the like, which may be boil'd in Forge-water, ad|ding Allum, if the Parts be not excoriated or exulce|rat. The Mo&s;s of the Oak-tree al&s;o, and Nettles and Sun|flower are commended.</P>
<P>For a Palliative Cure you may u&s;e Wax or Cork, white Wax, or the Ma&s;s of a Plai&s;ter made of Wax, Colophon, Gum Elemi, and the like, &s;hap'd into a round, oblong, or pear|like Form, according as there is occa&s;ion, with a hole in the middle, and a thread fa&s;ten'd to 'em: their bigne&s;s mu&s;t exactly an&s;wer that of the <HI>Vagina.</HI></P>
<PB N="606" REF="304">
<P>But if it is only an Excre&s;cence, or one or two wrinkles of the <HI>Vagina,</HI> or if the <HI>Vagina</HI> it &s;elf being fallen down is al|tered by the Air, or corrupted or ulcerated, it mu&s;t be cut off by the Root, a Ligature being fir&s;t made with a Thread; and then it mu&s;t be cur'd as an Ulcer.</P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 N="2" TYPE="chapter">
<HEAD>CHAP. II. <HI>Of the Inflammation of the Womb.</HI></HEAD>
<P>THIS is caus'd by Blood &s;tagnating in the Pores of the Womb, which is occa&s;ion'd either by too frequent Coition, or cold catch'd after Labour or the Terms, or by hard labour.</P>
<P>The Signs are a Swelling, Heat, &s;tretching Pain of the Genitals, Groin, and Navel, which, if the Finger is put up into the Genitals, is exa&s;perated, extending to the Lips, Back-bone and Shoulders; the <HI>Vagina</HI> is red with &s;wollen Veins, the Terms &s;uppre&s;s'd, with a burning continual Fe|ver, Thir&s;t, drine&s;s of the Tongue, Head-ach, Delirium and Convul&s;ions.</P>
<P>It is dangerous enough, and is ea&s;ily converted in|to a Gangrene: Di&s;cu&s;&s;ion is &s;afer than Suppuration; &s;ometimes it degenerates into a Schirrus, and is accompa|nied by a Drop&s;y.</P>
<P>The Patient mu&s;t in the beginning be let Blood at the Arm, and, a Cly&s;ter being given, next day at the Ancle: after|ward you may u&s;e temperat, emollient, and re&s;olving Cly|&s;ters of the Decoction of Lettuce, Mallows, Violet-leaves, Flowers of Chamomil, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> boil'd in Lime-water, mix'd with Lenitive Electuary, &s;olutive Syrup of Ro&s;es, and Ni|tre. To loo&s;en the Belly, give Decoction of Tamarinds, wherein Senna with Cream of Tartar has been infus'd.</P>
<P>Externally we foment the Groin, or apply Catapla&s;ms of Mallows, Mar&s;h-mallows, Pennyroyal, Mugwort, Meli|lot, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> boil'd in common or Lime-water or Wine.</P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 N="3" TYPE="chapter">
<PB N="607" REF="304">
<HEAD>CHAP. III. <HI>Of &V;lcers of the Womb and</HI> Vagina.</HEAD>
<P>THE Cau&s;es are either internal, as retention of the Loches, &s;uppurated Inflammations, Corruption of the <HI>Foetus</HI> or <HI>Mola,</HI> a virulent Clap, the Whites, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> or external, as fre|quent and exce&s;&s;ive Venery, fretting of the <HI>Vagina,</HI> hard Labour, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> The naked Eye, or a Womb-gla&s;s di&s;covers 'em; or if they lie deep in the Womb it &s;elf, the trouble&s;om biting Pain of the&s;e Parts when tickl'd in Coition, or by &s;harp Injections, reveals the My&s;tery. They degenerate frequent|ly into Fi&s;tulas, or end in a Drop&s;y; and tho they be cica|triz'd, infer Barrenne&s;s.</P>
<P>If they proceed from an external Cau&s;e, they mu&s;t be cur'd by con&s;olidating Remedies; if from the &s;harpne&s;s of Humours, they mu&s;t be corrected and evacuated: but fir&s;t of all the Pain mu&s;t be mitigated.</P>
<P>Internally clean&s;ing vulnerary Decoctions are u&s;eful, &s;uch as tho&s;e of the tops of St. <HI>John</HI>'s-wort, ground Ivy, Plan|tane, Sawicle, Shavings of Hart&s;horn, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Externally the &s;ame Decoctions may be injected. Or,</P>
<P>Take of Chalybeat Milk one pound, Turpentin di&s;&s;olv'd in the Yelk of an Egg half an Ounce; Hony of Ro&s;es an Ounce; to be often injected for clea&s;ing and con&s;olidating the Ulcer.</P>
</DIV4>
</DIV3>
<DIV3 N="5" TYPE="section">
<HEAD>SECT. V. <HI>Of the Di&s;orders of Conception.</HI></HEAD>
<P>COnception is nothing el&s;e but the Impregnation of one of the little Eggs contain'd in the female Te&s;tes, by a certain Air or Spirit exhal'd from the &s;eminal Liquor of the Male received into the Womb. The Egg thus in|fluenc'd, falls off into one of the Womb-Trumpets, which at that time embrace the Te&s;tes, and thence pa&s;&s;es unto the Womb. Being received there, it &s;traight begins to increa&s;e, and then one little point begins to di&s;tingui&s;h it &s;elf by its tremulous and leaping Motion, being &s;urrounded with &s;ubtil red Threads, the Rudiments of the Blood-ve&s;&s;els, round which
<PB N="608" REF="305">&s;ome &s;mall time after is to be &s;een &s;omething more gro&s;s and white, like a little Cloud di&s;tingui&s;h'd into two parts; who&s;e greater part con&s;i&s;ting of four little Bags, repre&s;ents a rude Draught of the Brain, <HI>Cerebellum,</HI> and two Eyes; and the le&s;&s;er part being &s;trech'd out below like a Ship's Keel, is the Rudiment of the Back-bone, from which the Limbs gra|dually extend them&s;elves, while the Bowels &s;ucce&s;&s;ively &s;hoot out from the Blood Ve&s;&s;els, till the perfect <HI>Foetus</HI> is form'd.</P>
<P>The matter of which it is form'd is partly a clear Liquor re&s;embling the white of an Egg, convey'd thither by the Ar|teries, and &s;queez'd through the glandulous Sub&s;tance of the Womb into its Cavity; and partly Blood elaborat from the fore&s;aid Chyle or nutritious Juice; &s;o that the Parts are rightly di&s;tingui&s;h'd into &s;anguine and &s;permatic.</P>
<P>There are &s;carce any infallible Signs of Conception; however ordinarily if a Woman hath conceived, the inter|nal Orifice of the Womb is clo&s;e &s;hut up, the Terms are &s;topp'd; In the fir&s;t days after Coition, a certain &s;hiver|ing or wandring Sen&s;e of Cold &s;preads it &s;elf over the Bo|dy or its extreme parts; the Appetite is impair'd; &s;he vo|mits every Morning, and is troubled with longings, and loathing &s;uch Meats as formerly were grateful. If the Wo|man is cacochymical, and &s;corbutic, &s;he is troubled with hy|&s;teric Affections, tho unacquainted with 'em before; a gra|dual Swelling invades the Belly, and points upwards. In the third, fourth, or fifth Month the Child is felt to move in the Belly; fir&s;t more ob&s;curely, and afterwards more di|&s;tinctly: finally, the fir&s;t Months oftentimes di&s;cover a hea|vyne&s;s and giddine&s;s of the Head, and &s;ometimes the Tooth|ach; from which Signs concurring we may conclude the Woman is with Child.</P>
<P>With reference to. Conceptions, we &s;hall treat of fal&s;e Conceptions, Barrenne&s;s, and vitious Conceptions.</P>
<P>Conception is counterfeited by an Inflation or Swelling of the Belly, cau&s;ed by external Air received unto the Womb after Child-bearing, or Abortion, or Bathing, or in the time of, or after the Men&s;trual Flux, attended &s;ometimes with cruel pains girding the whole Belly.</P>
<P>This is di&s;tingui&s;hed from a true Conception by the&s;e Symptoms. 1. The Belly is not always equally di&s;tended, 2. There is no motion, or at lea&s;t none but what may ea&s;ily be di&s;tingui&s;h'd from that of a Child. 3. The Swelling is greater, and le&s;s weighty, not pre&s;&s;ing &s;o much upon the Pubes.</P>
<PB N="609" REF="305">
<P>This Di&s;temper is &s;eldom dangerous, tho &s;ometimes when the Flux of the Terms or Lochia is &s;topt, 'tis attended by grie|vous Pains in the Womb. In which ca&s;e let the Vein <HI>Saphaena</HI> be opened; let the Dige&s;tion of the Stomach be promoted, and con&s;equently Wind prevented, by &s;tomachic and Carmi|native Medicines.</P>
<P>Let the Decoction of Sa&s;&s;afras, with Ani&s;e and Fennel|&s;eeds, be us'd for a Diet-drink; and the E&s;&s;ence of Zedoary be taken every night going to Bed. Ca&s;tor, Chamomil-flowers, Ro&s;emary, Fever-few, Pennyroal, Sage, Flowers of Marigold and Ground&s;el, Roots of Elecampane, Ze|doary and Gentian, the four greater Hot-&s;eeds, Galangal, Ginger, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> their Decoctions, E&s;&s;ences, or di&s;till'd Oils are of good u&s;e both inwardly and outwardly: to which we may add, the Species of Hiera, or the Ma&s;s of Pills of Hiera, with Agaric, or the Extract of Elaterium.</P>
<P>Sometimes 'tis nece&s;&s;ary to open the internal Orifice of the Womb to give vent to the Wind, by fomenting with the above-mention'd Decoctions; or applying to the Belly and Pubes Bags of Millet-&s;eed, dry'd Salt, Chamomil Flowers, and Carminative-&s;eeds boil'd in Wine and Water; or anoint|ing with Oil of Chamomil, Oil of Bays and Ca&s;tor; or ap|plying a Catapla&s;m of Goats-Dung and Carminative-&s;eeds boil|ed in Wine, or a Plai&s;ter of Tacamahac with Bal&s;am of Peru.</P>
<P>Sometimes a fal&s;e Conception is feign'd by a Drop&s;y or Col|lection of clear or yellowi&s;h Water in the Womb. And &s;ome|times this Drop&s;y of the Womb joins it &s;elf to a true Concepti|on, as taking its ri&s;e from the Redundancy of the nutritive Li|quor, mix'd with much Water; from the Suppre&s;&s;ion of the Terms, or <HI>Lochia,</HI> or whatever ob&s;tructs the Reflux of the Lymph from the Womb. This Swelling covers the whole Belly equally, and do's not ri&s;e to a top in the middle, as that of a true Conception, and is di&s;tingui&s;h'd from a Drop|&s;y of the Belly, by the fre&s;h Colour of the Face and ab|&s;ence of Thir&s;t. If the Swelling is caus'd by Water, 'tis not &s;o dangerous as when it flows from a corrupt Liquor.</P>
<P>If the Patient is with Child, little or nothing can be at|tempted; but if otherwi&s;e, we may boldly u&s;e convenient Methods to conquer the Di&s;ea&s;e: and in the fir&s;t place for a Purgative u&s;e this Pill. Take Extract of Elaterium twelve Grains; <HI>Mercurius dulcis</HI> fifteen Grains; Troches Alhandal three Grains: Make Pills with E&s;&s;ence of Ro&s;emary. The Infu&s;ion or Extract of Spurge-root, or the Infu&s;ion or Syrup of Briony-root given to half an Ounce, are al&s;o proper:
<PB N="610" REF="306">Vomits are approv'd by all, by rea&s;on of their &s;queezing Effects. Such things al&s;o are to be u&s;ed, as provoke the Womb to Excretion, or di&s;cu&s;s in&s;en&s;ibly; &s;uch as Decocti|on of Calamint, Pennyroyal, Sage, and white Onyon with Sugar; al&s;o Ca&s;tor, Myrrh, Saffron, all Aromatics; <HI>Elixir Proprietatis,</HI> and the Decoction of the Woods.</P>
<P>Externally we u&s;e purgative Pe&s;&s;aries of <HI>Elaterium</HI> and dry Figs, or of Coloquintida and Extract of Black Helle|bor. Sometimes we inject into the Womb the Decoction of the Leaves of Pennyroyal, Savine, Calamint, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> in Wa|ter or human Urine, mix'd with Electuary of Hiera; but all will be rendred more effectual, by premi&s;ing Baths and Fomentations of emollient and expelling Ingredients. And if one or both the Lips of the Privity are hydropic, there's nothing better than to foment with Lime-water.</P>
<P>The &s;econd Di&s;order relating to Conception, is that of Barrenne&s;s, occa&s;ion'd by the Indi&s;po&s;ition of the <HI>Ovarium,</HI> the narrowne&s;s of the Trumpets, the defect of the nutriti|ous Juice of the Egg, the Laxity of the Womb, Di&s;orders of the external Parts, and other occult Cau&s;es. And if the Womb be ulcerated, 'tis incurable.</P>
<P>As for the Cure; after the univer&s;al Evacuations, aroma|tic Ingredients are proper for &s;trengthening the Womb, and the <HI>Ovarium;</HI> &s;uch are Ro&s;emary, Sage, Lavender, Marjo|ram, Baum, Pennyroyal, Roots of Burnet, Setwal, and Galangal, Ca&s;&s;ia Lignea, Cardamoms, Nutmegs, and Myrrh. To which, in Cachectic and Scorbutical Ca&s;es, we add Guajacum and Sa&s;&s;afras, with other Sudorifics.</P>
<P>With the&s;e we join the &s;pecific Ingredients, and &s;uch as gently provoke Venery, <HI>viz.</HI> Satyrion, Eryngo, Roc|ket and Mu&s;tard-&s;eeds, Mo&s;ch, Amber, fle&s;h of Vipers; the Stones of a Hart or Boar; the Matrix of a Sow, Hare, or Hind, pulveriz'd; the Spirit of Ants; the Pouder of a human Secundine, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P>Externally natural Baths are profitable; or artificial ones of the Decoction of aromatic Ingredients, and that of Ants with their Ne&s;ts. Some commend Baths made of Hemlock; or Fumigations with &s;weet-&s;melling aromatic Ro&s;ins; &s;uch as Gum of Juniper, Juniper-berries, Amber, Frankincen&s;e, Sto|rax, Ma&s;tic, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> and Pe&s;&s;aries prepar'd of the bruis'd Leaves of Fever-few, and &s;prinkled with a little Oil of Spike.</P>
<P>After Barrenne&s;s we come in order to vitious or deprav'd Conceptions. They are &s;aid to be &s;uch when the Subject of Conception departs from a human form, and a&s;&s;umes that
<PB N="611" REF="306">of other Animals, intitling it to the Character of a Mon&s;ter, or continues a &s;hapele&s;s Lump void of Form, and chri&s;ten'd a <HI>Mola.</HI></P>
<P>The immediate Cau&s;e of a <HI>Mola</HI> is the Confu&s;ion or Mixture of the nutritious Humour contain'd in the <HI>Chorion,</HI> with that of the Egg; upon which the Tracts of the <HI>Foetus</HI> delineated in the latter are effac'd by the former.</P>
<P>If this Confu&s;ion be very early, it generats a watry ve&s;icular <HI>Mola:</HI> If its date be as late as the forming of the Ve&s;&s;els, and their repletion with Blood, it leaves a fle&s;hy Lump; which, if the fibrous Threds are already &s;pun out, and enrich'd with Spirits, is endow'd with a principal Mo|tion.</P>
<P>This vitious Mixture is oftentimes occa&s;ion'd by violent Motion, Pa&s;&s;ion or Heat.</P>
<P>'Tis a difficult thing to di&s;tingui&s;h a <HI>Mola</HI> from a true Conception, e&s;pecially if a Child accompanies it in the Womb; in which ca&s;e it either kills the Child or cau&s;es Abortion. However if we carefully ob&s;erve, we may di&s;|cern a <HI>Mola</HI> by its much greater weight; and by the mea|&s;ure of its motion, which is either none at all, or &s;uch as by its &s;luggi&s;hne&s;s is ea&s;ily di&s;tingui&s;h'd from the brisk Motion of a living Child. If it po&s;&s;e&s;s the Womb alone, it general|ly putrifies, and entails the like mi&s;chief to the Womb.</P>
<P>Fir&s;t of all we ought to ob&s;erve carefully whether the <HI>Mola</HI> is join'd with a Child; and if &s;o, we mu&s;t endea|vour to prevent Abortion, and expect the exclu&s;ion of the Child with which the <HI>Mola</HI> is ordinarily expell'd. But if the <HI>Mola</HI> is alone, we mu&s;t endeavour with all convenient &s;peed to procure its ejection: for which purpo&s;e we mu&s;t u&s;e fir&s;t preparative, and then expelling Medicines.</P>
<P>Preparatives are Baths, Fomentations, Inunctions, Cly|&s;ters both for the Belly and Womb, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> of emollient and laxative Ingredients: Womb-Cly&s;ters mu&s;t be of Oil, tho&s;e for the Belly of Milk.</P>
<P>In the next place, a Vein mu&s;t be opened, fir&s;t in the Arm, and then in the Foot; after which we may u&s;e &s;trong Vo|mits either from Steel or Vitriol; and powerful Purgatives, &s;uch as the Faetid Pills, tho&s;e of Hiera with Colocynth, or the Decoction of Senna, Pennyroyal and Savin in Whey, taken for three days &s;ucce&s;&s;ively.</P>
<P>To the&s;e we &s;ubjoin &s;uch Medicines as bring down the Terms, and are intitled to an expul&s;ive Faculty, <HI>viz.</HI> Rue, Mug-wort, Penny-roal, Savin, Briony, Gentian, A&s;ara|bacca,
<PB N="612" REF="307">Dill, Juniper-berries; the E&s;&s;ence and Oil of Cloves, the Decoction and di&s;till'd Oil of Savin; or a Pouder made of equal Parts, of Borace, Myrrh, Ca&s;tor and volatil Salt of Amber, given to half a Dram in Cinnamom-water twice or thrice a Day for &s;ome time: the Pouder al&s;o and Spirit of an After-birth is much commended.</P>
<P>Externally al&s;o, we mu&s;t u&s;e Cly&s;ters for irritating the <HI>Vagina</HI> and internal Orifice of the Womb, and moving them to convul&s;ive Motions; &s;uch are the Decoctions of Pen|nyroal, Fever-few, Savine, and Pulp of Coloquintida ty'd in a Bag. Pe&s;&s;aries and Fumigations from the &s;ame Ingredi|ents are al&s;o proper; but withal let the Patient u&s;e &s;ome violent Exerci&s;e; &s;uch as leaping, jumping, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> to promote the Operation of the Remedies.</P>
<P>If all the&s;e Pre&s;criptions prove &s;ucce&s;sle&s;s, we mu&s;t have recour&s;e to a skilful Surgeon, who with a <HI>Speculum &V;teri|num</HI> mu&s;t dilate the <HI>Vagina</HI> and internal Orifice of the Womb, and by his Hand or In&s;truments draw out the whole <HI>Mola.</HI> And if after the Extraction, exce&s;&s;ive Bleed|ings and Pains of the Womb in&s;ue, exhibit the following Electuary.</P>
<P>Take Con&s;erve of Ro&s;es an Ounce; Con&s;erve of Quinces without the Species half an Ounce; Troches of Amber, &s;eal'd Earth, and Spodium, of each half a Dram; Sorrel-&s;eed, and burnt Hart&s;horn prepar'd, of each a Scruple: With Syrup of Quinces and that of Mint make an Electuary.</P>
</DIV3>
<DIV3 N="6" TYPE="section">
<HEAD>SECT. VI. <HI>Of the Conduct of Big-belly'd Women.</HI></HEAD>
<P>WHILE Women are with Child, they ought to be very cautious of the u&s;e of the &s;ix Non-natural things, for fear of incurring the dangers that the &s;uppre&s;&s;ion of their Terms expo&s;es 'em to, and provoking the Child to an untimely Egre&s;s.</P>
<P>In their Diet let Cu&s;tom be their Rule, &s;ince things un|wonted, tho of them&s;elves proper, are offen&s;ive, and <HI>e<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">contra.</HI> Summer-fruits, violent Aromatics, and &s;trong Smells, whe|ther &s;weet or foetid, are pernicious. Much Wine and acid Liquors are apt to cau&s;e Abortion. Violent Motion is al&s;o dangerous, e&s;pecially during the fir&s;t Months, tho in the
<PB N="613" REF="307">latter Months if it be moderate 'tis not inconvenient. Vene|ry, long Watchings, Fear, Anger, and &s;uch-like Pa&s;&s;ions, ought to be avoided. Co&s;tivene&s;s ought to be remov'd by the Pulp of Tamarinds, or Oil of &s;weet Almonds; Cream and Salt of Tartar or Rhubarb, mix'd with Carminative-&s;eeds. Sometimes potch'd Eggs and Sugar are &s;ufficient. Proper Purgatives or &s;trong Cly&s;ters are very dangerous. Some|times it will not be ami&s;s to &s;trengthen the Child by a mode|rat Draught of &s;weet Wine after eating, by exhibiting Cin|namom-water impregnated with Borrage and Quinces; or the Juice, Syrup and Marmalade of Quinces mix'd with Cloves, Mace and Nutmegs; or at Bedtime to apply to the Belly a Bag quilted with Mint, Baum, Ginger, Cloves, Galan|gal, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> &s;prinkl'd with the Oil of Citrons, or that of Orange Peel.</P>
<P>If a Big-belly'd young and plethoric Woman be &s;eiz'd with an acute Di&s;ea&s;e, Blooding is not improper; but 'tis better to blood frequently than draw forth much at one time. If her Stomach be di&s;order'd, mild Vomits are al|lowable during the fir&s;t four Months: but Purgatives, at lea&s;t &s;uch as in violence &s;urpa&s;s the Laxatives above-mention'd, are always &s;u&s;pected. Narcotics in general threaten the Relaxation of the Fibres of the Womb: But in &s;ome Ca|&s;es when the Animal Spirits are much irritated, and &s;uch other Circum&s;tances &s;eem to demand it, we may venture to allow a moderat Do&s;e of Opium.</P>
<P>All the peculiar Symptoms of Big-belly'd Women are oc|ca&s;ion'd by the Influence of the &s;eminal Liquor, the Suppre&s;|&s;ion of the Terms, and the Sympathy of the Stomac with the di&s;tended Womb. The fir&s;t is Vomiting, which in the fir&s;t Months ought not to be &s;top'd, for it facilitats Delivery. In the la&s;t months it is dangerous, and ought to be curb'd be|times. Toward the middle of their Reckoning, Blood-let|ting removes it; unle&s;s they be Cacochymical, in which Ca&s;es the ab&s;orbent Pouders and &s;tomachical Ingredients are requir'd: But Steel is hurtful. Externally &s;tomachical Plai|&s;ters are likewi&s;e u&s;eful. To this Symptom we may add a Pica, loathing of Meat, griping of the Guts, which we ac|counted for in the fir&s;t Book.</P>
<P>A Loo&s;ene&s;s in the fir&s;t Months is dangerous. Towards the latter end it is of le&s;s con&s;equence, unle&s;s it exceed bounds; upon which account we ought to be very cautious in &s;topping it. If it be accompany'd by a pro&s;tration of Strength, or &s;igns of Malignity, and threaten Mi&s;carriage, let a&s;tringent
<PB N="614" REF="308">Acids and <HI>Venice</HI> Triacle, or <HI>Dia&s;cordium</HI> di&s;&s;olv'd in acid Vehicles be exhibited, and proper Plai&s;ters applied external|ly; but all Purgation is pernicious. The Pains of the Loins, Hip-bones and Pubes, caus'd by the various di&s;tention of the Li|gaments of the Womb and the annex'd Membrans, according as the Child is &s;eated, forwards or backwards, are remov'd by anointing with the Oil of Earthworms mix'd with di&s;till'd Oil of Juniper; or applying the Spirit of Earthworms mix'd with <HI>Aqua Articularis.</HI> The Toothach in Women with Child yields to the common Cure. A Palpitation of the Heart happening to a lu&s;ty Woman, about the middle of her Reckoning, is cur'd by Blood-letting, or el&s;e by the ordinary Method. If a Cough mole&s;t a Woman with Child, we mu&s;t vary the Cure according to its nature, as in the fir&s;t Book.</P>
<P>Child-bearing Women are frequently &s;ubject to bleedings. If the Blood flow from the <HI>Vagina</HI> of the Womb, it runs gradually, at &s;et times without Pain; and ought not to be &s;top'd. If it proceed from within the Womb, it runs con|tinually, cau&s;ing Pains in the Loins, and if the Woman or Child be not weak, may be gently moderated by Blooding, and the common Specifics: But if the Child move weakly, and the Woman's Appetite and Strength be dejected, 'tis ne|ce&s;&s;ary to promote Mi&s;carriage by external A&s;&s;i&s;tance. If the Blood break forth only at other parts of the Body, it argues a &s;corbutic Di&s;po&s;ition of the Blood, which is cured by Chalybeats.</P>
<P>A &s;uppre&s;&s;ion of Urine is caus'd by the low Situation of the Child, and its bearing down upon the Bladder, and is cur'd by emollient Ingredients us'd both inwardly and out|wardly, and by heaving up the Belly upon occa&s;ion of mak|ing water. Proper Diuretics are &s;carce &s;afe. A Strangury is cur'd by Laxatives; &s;uch as the Syrup of Peach-flowers, and Emul&s;ions, and Decoctions of Mar&s;hmallows with Rai|&s;ins, or of Jujubes and Peach-&s;tones. The Cramps that Child-bearing Women are &s;ubject to, are cur'd after the ordinary Method, e&s;pecially by external Inunction and Fo|mentation. The Pain and Chops that mole&s;t the skin of the Belly, as being caus'd by its di&s;tention, are remov'd by applying emollient Oils and Mucilages. If the Waters break forth from the Womb, e&s;pecially from within the <HI>Amnios,</HI> before the time of Delivery, 'tis a dangerous Ca&s;e, and their lo&s;s ought to be repair'd by anointing the Pa&s;&s;age with emol|lient Oils and Ointments. But if the Flux of Water pro|ceed only from the outer Neck of the Womb, and is not
<PB N="615" REF="308">follow'd by the true Pains of Child-birth, 'tis of no great con&s;equence.</P>
<P>Sometimes Cacochymical Big-belly'd Women are troubled with &s;wellings of the Feet, which di&s;appear upon Child|birth, as being remov'd by the Flux of the Loches. If the&s;e Swellings be very trouble&s;om, anoint the Legs and Feet with the Oils of Dill and St. <HI>John</HI>'s-wort, and apply a Ca|tapla&s;m of Chamomil-flowers; or foment 'em with Quick|lime water. If hydropic Tumours invade the external Privity, foment it with Quick-lime Water, and apply a Carminative Catapla&s;m. Or if the&s;e prove &s;ucce&s;sle&s;s, apply Leeches, or &s;carify the Part. If the Veins of the Legs are much &s;well'd, &s;o as to threaten a Rupture, anoint 'em with the Ointment of Bay-berries, and tie 'em round with a broad Swathe dip'd into &s;ome aftringent Decoction. If the Hemor|rhoids &s;well, anoint with the Oil of the Bal&s;am-Apple, or apply a Catapla&s;m of the Pulp of boil'd Apples and Oil of Hoglice.</P>
</DIV3>
<DIV3 N="7" TYPE="section">
<HEAD>SECT. VII. <HI>Of Di&s;orders relating to Child-birth.</HI></HEAD>
<P>THE regular Sea&s;on of Delivery happens about nine &s;olar Months after Conception; or after ten pe|riodical Revolutions of the u&s;ual Interval of the Fluxes of the Terms. If this time be anticipated, 'tis call'd mi&s;carrying, &s;uppo&s;ing &s;till that the Child is form'd: for if the Egg be evacuated before it be form'd, 'tis call'd Expul&s;i|on. The Cau&s;e of mi&s;carrying is either the Irritation and Contraction of the Womb, occa&s;ion'd by irregular Pa&s;&s;ions, violent Motion, drinking Wine, e&s;pecially in the fir&s;t Months, ungrateful &s;trong Smells, external cold, acid Food, the weakne&s;s or preternatural Situation of the Child, the Di&s;orders of the Kidneys, Inte&s;tines, and adjacent Mem|brans, the Redundancy and Exaltation of the Ma&s;s of Blood; or the Relaxation and Flaggyne&s;s of the Womb, ari&s;ing from exce&s;&s;ive Bleeding, want of Spirits, immode|rat u&s;e of Opium, &s;udden Grief or Fear, a Chronical white Flux, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P>The Signs of imminent Abortion are a heavyne&s;s about the Loins and Hips, and wandring &s;hooting Pains moving
<PB N="616" REF="309">downwards from the Navel. To which we may add a Lazy|ne&s;s, Inappetency, the Womb's gathering it &s;elf into the form of a Globe incumbent upon the Share-bone, Shiver|ings, Tremblings, Palpitations of the Heart, the Efflux of Matter from the Womb, and an involuntary bearing down|wards. <HI>Hippocrates</HI> look'd upon the flaggine&s;s and Extenua|tion of the Brea&s;ts, or their voiding of Milk or Blood, as a &s;ign of mi&s;carrying. It progno&s;ticats Barrenne&s;s, Bleedings of the Womb, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P>As for the Cure of Abortion; if the <HI>Foetus</HI> be already &s;eparated, we ought to a&s;&s;i&s;t Nature in the Expul&s;ion; and on the contrary, if Abortion be only threaten'd, we ought to prevent it by Blood-letting, if the Women be pletho|ric; or otherwi&s;e by exhibiting the Decoction or Water of Vervain, the Pouder or Tincture of Chermes-berries, the Pouder or Juice of River-Crabs, or the Tincture of Coral. If the Spirits be much iritated, Opium is allowable. If the Womb be flaggy, let a Catapla&s;m of Bdellium and Ma&s;tic di&s;&s;olv'd in Vinegar, or a Plai&s;ter of Galbanum and Tacamahac be applied to the Pubes; or bathe the Parts with an Infu&s;ion of Allum in the fir&s;t Months; or let the Wo|man make u&s;e of the natural Hot-baths before Impregnati|on. A Catapla&s;m of Ye&s;t (or Bread bak'd with Pepper) Cloves, Cinnamom, Mace and Wine, applied to the Pubes, is of good u&s;e again&s;t all &s;orts of Abortions. If Abortion be caus'd by the Pa&s;&s;ions of the Mind or acid &s;harp Food, u&s;e ab&s;orbent Pouders mix'd with Aromatics; Opium cau|tiou&s;ly u&s;ed, and Fomentations with a&s;tringent Decoctions are very proper. If it proceed from external Cold, <HI>Aqua Vitae</HI> and &s;pirituous Liquors are requir'd. If Swoonings u&s;her it in, the Tincture of Coral prepar'd with Spirit of Stag's Heart, and the Confection of Hyacinth, are u&s;eful. A &s;erous Cachexy is accounted for by the Decoction of Guaja|cum; and the white Flux remov'd by cutting I&s;&s;ues in the Legs.</P>
<P>If Abortion cannot be prevented, let the Woman after Mi&s;carrying beware of the lea&s;t degree of Cold; and let the After-birth be cautiou&s;ly drawn forth by the Midwife, without giving any internal Medicines for that purpo&s;e, for fear of occa&s;ioning a Flux of Blood, which in this Condi|tion Women are very liable to. So much for Abortion.</P>
<P>If the Woman is come to her full time, the fir&s;t thing to be con&s;ider'd is, if the Child pre&s;ents in a right Po&s;ture, <HI>viz.</HI> the Head fir&s;t; if not, the Midwife mu&s;t endeavour to &s;et it right, or el&s;e to pull it out by the Feet. If the
<PB N="617" REF="309">Po&s;ture be regular, the next Task is to di&s;tingui&s;h between the true and &s;purious Pains of Child-birth; the &s;purious Pains are either Colic, hy&s;teric or nephritic, which a&s;&s;ume the form of the true ones, and impo&s;e upon the Midwives under that cover. They are cur'd by exhibiting the Spirit of Zedoary or Decoction of Cumin-&s;eeds in Ale, and rub|bing the Belly and Back with hot Napkins, or fomenting 'em with the Decoction of Carminative and Anodyn Ingre|dients; whereas the true ones are rather irritated by that Method, and be&s;ides are attended by the&s;e Signs, <HI>viz.</HI> the down-falling of the Belly towards the Pubes, the Progre&s;s of the Pains from the Loins downwards, the opening of the internal Orifice of the Womb, and the di&s;tention of the Membrans enwrapping the Child. Now 'tis highly perni|cious for a Woman to bear down or endeavour the Expul|&s;ion of the Child before the appearance of the&s;e Signs.</P>
<P>Suppo&s;ing then that the true Pains are come upon her, we mu&s;t endeavour to facilitat her Labour. Now the Cau&s;es of hard Labour are the weakne&s;s and &s;ickline&s;s of the Mo|ther, her Spirits being exhau&s;ted by &s;weating or &s;purious Pains either antecedent or concomitant; her being liable to the Pa&s;&s;ions of Fear, Shame, or whatever cramps her due Efforts, or interrupts or inverts the Motion of her Pains; the weak|ne&s;s of the Child, its being intangl'd in the Navel-&s;tring, or di&s;turb'd by a fellow Twin; the hardne&s;s and thickne&s;s of the Membrans enwrapping it; the &s;traitne&s;s or dryne&s;s of the Pa&s;&s;ages (the former incident to &s;tale Maids converted into Wives, the latter following the untimely Efflux of the Waters) the &s;tiffne&s;s and re&s;i&s;tence of the Share-bone, and that of the Back call'd Coccyx; the repletion of the Bladder and Inte&s;tins; Excre&s;cences in the Womb or neigh|bouring parts; extreme Laxity of the Neck of the Womb, di&s;abling it for Contraction and Expul&s;ion; and a hydro|pic Tumour in the Child's Head, or its leaning on the Share-bone. In which la&s;t Ca&s;e the Head ought to be put back by the Midwives hand; otherwi&s;e all expelling Medi|cines do but augment the Evil.</P>
<P>Now in order to prevent &s;uch Inconveniencies, a few days before the hour of Delivery, let the Woman bathe in the Decoction of Mar&s;h-mallows, Melilot, Chamomil, Pennyroyal Mug-wort, Wild Thyme, Baum, Fever-few, Seeds of Lint, Fenu|grec and Dill; or apply Bags of the &s;ame Ingredients to her Belly; anointing afterwards her Back, Belly and privy Pa&s;|&s;ages with an Ointment of Mucilages and emollient Oils.
<PB N="618" REF="310">When her Pains are ju&s;t at hand, 'twill not be improper to in|ject a &s;oftning Carminative Cly&s;ter, or exhibit Oil of Olives inwardly, and anoint the Parts frequently. If the Pains are di&s;continu'd, the Woman mu&s;t not be forc'd to bear down. She ought rather to walk a little about; and when the Ori|fice of the Womb is open, and the Waters broke, then let her be plac'd on the Stool, and incourag'd to a &s;peedy Delivery. If the Mother or Child be weak, let her take a Gla&s;s of Cinnamom, Baum, Pennyroyal, or the Com|pound hy&s;teric Water mix'd with the Syrup of Orange-peel, or of Mugwort, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P>When the Pains relent, if the Child pre&s;ents naturally, and the Waters are broke, and the Orifice of the Womb open'd, we may exhibit aromatic and expelling Medicines, but not otherwi&s;e. The Aromatics are Dittany of Candy, Sage, Mugwort, Saffron, and e&s;pecially Cinnamom, which ought never to be omitted. The expelling Specifics are a Draught of the Husband's Urine, or of the Juice of Hor&s;e Dung mix'd with Wine; Ca&s;tor, Oil of Amber given from ten to thirty drops in Pennyroyal Water with a few drops of the Oil of Cinnamom, the volatil Salt of Amber given to fifteen Grains; The Oil of Hazelwood given from fif|teen to twenty five drops; Troches of Myrrh or <HI>Pilulae Foetidae</HI> given to a Dram; Borace given to a Dram; the Pouder of the Liver of an Eel dry'd together with the Gall-bladder, given to a Dram; the Pouder of the Livers of Vipers, or of Hor&s;es Stones, given to a Dram; Crude Mercury, Fulminatory Gold, and above all the Pouder of a dry'd human After-birth given to a Dram, or its Spirit drawn from it when it has &s;tood for a Month in a clo&s;e Ve&s;&s;el in a <HI>Balneum Mariae</HI> given to forty Drops: in the room of which we &s;ometimes make u&s;e of the Spirit of Soot. If the Pains recur frequently and the Woman be much fa|tigu'd, we may add <HI>Laudanum Opiatum.</HI></P>
<P>Take of the Pouders of an Eel's Liver, and a human After-birth, of each a Dram; Myrrh or Borace two Scru|ples. Make a Pouder for three Do&s;es.</P>
<P>Take of the Water of white Lillies two Ounces; Cin|namom Water half an Ounce; Baum and Pennyroal Wa|ters, of each an Ounce; Pouder of Hor&s;e Stones four Scruples; Borace two Scruples; E&s;&s;ence of Ca&s;tor, and that of Amber, of each twenty Drops; di&s;till'd Oil of Nutmegs &s;ix Drops; white Sugar two Drams. Mix, and give a Spoonful now and then.</P>
<PB N="619" REF="310">
<P>Externally apply a Girdle of Snakes Ca&s;t-Coats, or anoint the Belly with an Ointment made of them with Earthworms, and the Juice of River-Crabs, and the fat of a Fox or Hare. Or, Take of the Oil of Wall-flowers &s;ix Drams; di&s;till'd Oil of Amber a Dram. Make an Ointment for the &s;ame purpo&s;e. Or, Take of the fat of Vipers &s;ix Drams; Oil of the Bal&s;am-Apple three Drams; di&s;till'd Oil of Spike a Dram. Mix and anoint the Belly, but be &s;ure to wipe it off after Delivery. Or, Take of Galbanum di&s;&s;olv'd in Vinegar an Ounce; Myrrh two Drams; Saffron half a Dram; with Oil of Orris make a Pe&s;&s;ary. Some choo&s;e to apply a Catapla&s;m of the Decoction of Coloquintida, Rue, Myrrh, and Meal of Barley.</P>
<P>If all the&s;e means prove &s;ucce&s;le&s;s, we mu&s;t have recour&s;e to &s;neezing Medicines made of Hellebor, Marjoram, To|bacco, Pepper, Ca&s;tor, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> and if the&s;e be ineffectual, to <HI>Mercurius Vitae</HI> for a Vomit. Sometimes Lu&s;ty Women accu&s;tom'd to drink Wine, or that live in hot Climats, are reliev'd by Blood-letting. If the Mother be &s;eiz'd by Con|vul&s;ions or bleeding from within the Womb, &s;he ought to be immediately laid by a skilful hand. If the Mother be dead, and the Child alive in the Womb, it ought to be cut out.</P>
<P>Ofttimes Child-birth is render'd difficult by the Death of the Child in the Womb; in which ca&s;e the &s;ame expel|ling Medicines are to be us'd, but in larger Do&s;es. Be&s;ides the external Applications already injoin'd, &s;ome recommend a Fumigation of the Womb with the Smoak of rotten Ber|ries thrown into boiling Water, or with the Smoak of Tro|ches made of Myrrh, Ca&s;tor, Snakes Ca&s;t-Coats, Pige|on's Dung, Madder-roots, and Ox Gall thrown upon burning Coals. If all the means above-mention'd fall &s;hort of expelling the dead Child, it mu&s;t be pull'd out either all in one piece by hooks, or cut into &s;everal Pieces.</P>
<P>This Symptom of a dead Child ought to be carefully mind|ed, not only about the time of Delivery, but during the whole Cour&s;e of the Woman's being with Child, for fear of Mi&s;takes in giving A&s;tringents to prevent mi&s;carrying, when 'tis actually dead; or of indeavouring its Expul&s;ion as being dead, while 'tis yet alive. Now to prevent &s;uch Mi&s;takes, the following Signs will be of u&s;e. When the Child is quite dead, neither the Mother nor Midwife are &s;en&s;ible of the lea&s;t Motion: The Mother's Share-bone, Lips, Face and extreme Parts are cold; her Brea&s;ts that were turgid, are now become flaccid, and their Milk &s;erous;
<PB N="620" REF="311">&s;he is &s;eiz'd with a violent Shivering and Yauning, Swoon|ing, and &s;ometimes a Feaver, pain of the Head and Sto|mac, and di&s;mal Convul&s;ions; her pains intermit of a &s;ud|den; the Membran of the Child's Head is flaccid, and oft|times the Excrements come forth before the Child. In proce&s;s of time her Breath becomes fetid, and Water or corrupt Matter drops from the Womb. If the Child be alive, it will move when the Womb is fomented with vo|latil Liquors, when the Mother holds her hand in hot Wa|ter for &s;ome time, when a green Leaf of Marjoram bruis'd, or ones hand wet with cold Water, or Bread &s;oak'd in Spani&s;h Wine, is applied to the Belly, and a Vein open'd in the Leg. If it do not, you may conclude that 'tis dead.</P>
</DIV3>
<DIV3 N="8" TYPE="section">
<HEAD>SECT. VIII. <HI>Of the Management of Women in Childbed.</HI></HEAD>
<P>AFTER the Woman is laid, let her be wrap'd up with a Swathe of Linen about the Ribs, and carefully arm'd again&s;t Cold, Anger, Fear, and &s;trong Smells. Let her ab|&s;tain from &s;leep for &s;ome hours, and take a Gla&s;s of warm Wine with a To&s;te for &s;trengthening, quenching Thir&s;t, and preventing the Symptoms that ofttimes in&s;ue. After &s;ome hours, &s;he may take a potch'd Egg, with Cinnamom or Zedoary; or &s;ome Drops of the Tincture of Coral prepar'd with the Spirit of a Stag's Heart. After three or four days, if &s;he be very Co&s;tive, her Belly may be open'd with Balls of Civet, or Cly&s;ters, or <HI>Elixir Proprietatis,</HI> taken inwardly.</P>
<P>The mo&s;t material Circum&s;tance relating to a Woman in Childbed, is the &s;eparation of the Secundine; for if any part of it remain, it putrifies and produces tragical Effects. The Cau&s;es of its retention are the Influence of cold Air; the Tumour and &s;traitne&s;s of the internal Neck of the Womb; the Corruption or breaking of the Navel-&s;tring, by which 'tis generally pull'd out; and the firm adhe&s;ion of the Secundine to the Womb. Sometimes indeed if it be united with the Womb, and receive nouri&s;hment directly from it without the Foetus, it may remain unputrify'd in the Body. But for the mo&s;t part its Nutrition is receiv'd from the Foetus, and its Adhe&s;ion is occa&s;ion'd by the early Egre&s;s of the Child, or want of due Motion in the Mother, or by ex|ternal
<PB N="621" REF="311">Violence. The Symptoms that attend it are an acute Feaver, Pain and &s;welling of the Belly, Gripings about the Region of the Womb, a &s;tinking Breath, difficult Re&s;pi|ration, and voiding of corrupt matter or Blood from the Womb. If it continue long, it may occa&s;ion Ulcers and Gangrens.</P>
<P>In order to prevent this Inconvenience, the Midwife ought to tie the Navel-&s;tring to the Woman's Thigh, till &s;he be ready to draw forth the Afterbirth: And then the Mother ought to be incourag'd to promote its Egre&s;s, by Sneezing, Coughing, and in Ca&s;e of Extremity, Vomiting. If all prove ineffectual, let the expelling Medicines abovementi|on'd be admini&s;tred; e&s;pecially the Spirit and Pouder of a human Secundine, Myrrh, Saffron, Amber, Ca&s;tor, and Borace. If the After-birth be already corrupted in the Womb, exhibit <HI>Elixir Proprietatis,</HI> extracted with the Spi|rit of <HI>Venice</HI> Triacle camphoris'd. In the interim, let &s;harp irritating Cly&s;ters be injected; and Pe&s;&s;aries of expelling Ingredients put up into the Womb. <HI>Glauberus</HI> orders a Mixture of Sal Armoniac and Salt of Tartar to be put in|to a Gla&s;s with a long Neck thru&s;t into the Womb. Some anoint the parts with the Oils of Coloquintida, Wall-flowers, Savine, Amber, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> and order Fumigations of Myrrh, Cinnamom, Galbanum, Ca&s;tor, Opoponax, and Black Hellebor form'd into Troches with Cow's Gall. If the&s;e Pre&s;criptions are &s;till &s;ucce&s;sle&s;s, the Midwife mu&s;t put her hand into the Womb, and draw it out; or if that cannot be done, its Putrification mu&s;t be promoted by injecting emollient Decoctions of Mar&s;hmallows, Pellitory of the Wall, Chamomil, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> mix'd with Aloes, Myrrh, Oil of Ro&s;es, and Vinegar of Wine; to which we may add Lime-water, <HI>&V;nguentum Ba&s;ilicon,</HI> and a &s;mall quantity of that call'd <HI>Aegyptiacum.</HI></P>
<P>After the Expul&s;ion of the After-birth, the next &s;tep is to regulate the Flux of the <HI>Lochia,</HI> or the Child-bed Purgati|on. If they are deficient, we ought to con&s;ider if they are not voided &s;ome other way, as by the No&s;trils, Stool, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> In which Ca&s;e we ought not to di&s;turb Nature, unle&s;s grie|vous Symptoms oblige us. Be&s;ides, if the Woman was wont to void but a &s;mall quantity of her monthly Cour&s;es, or if &s;he &s;uckle the Child, we are not to expect &s;o large an Evacuation as otherwi&s;e. The natural Method of this Flux is &s;uch, that Blood is voided four days after Delivery; from thence a watry Liquor like the wa&s;hing of Fle&s;h till the &s;eventh
<PB N="622" REF="312">day; after that a vi&s;cous and &s;erous Humour, untainted with Blood, continues to flow till the fourteenth or twentieth day. Now the Cau&s;es of the Suppre&s;&s;ion of this Flux are external Cold, drinking cold Liquors, Anger, Fear, Grief, Shame; and the Collection of clotted Blood or vi&s;cid Hu|mours in the Womb. The Symptoms of a Suppre&s;&s;ion, are the Di&s;tention, Hardne&s;s, and Pain of the Belly, a beating Heat a|bout the Loins and Groin, a &s;hivering Feaver, Headach, difficult Re&s;piration, Swooning, cold Sweats, Doating, and frequent|ly Death. If the Womb be inflam'd; if a Pleuri&s;y, Drop|&s;y, or &s;pitting of Blood in&s;ue, 'tis a dangerous Ca&s;e.</P>
<P>As for the Cure of a Suppre&s;&s;ion of the <HI>Lochia,</HI> if the Blood and Feaver boil high; if Headachs, difficult Re&s;pi|ration, and &s;uch like Symptoms of the upper Region mole&s;t the Per&s;on, let a Vein be open'd in the Arm; and after the u&s;e of &s;ome internal Expellent, open the <HI>Saphaena;</HI> or ap|ply Leeches to the <HI>Vagina,</HI> or &s;carifying Cupping-gla&s;&s;es to the in&s;ide of the Thighs. The internal Medicines are tho&s;e of an expelling Virtue, recommended above; e&s;pecially Myrrh, Saffron, Borace, Amber, Zedoary, and <HI>Elixir Pro|prietatis.</HI> If the Blood be clotted, Ca&s;tor and <HI>Sperma Caeti,</HI> with Crabs-eyes and Wine, are proper; to which we may add &s;ome Grains of <HI>Laudanum Opiatum</HI> in ca&s;e of violent Headachs and other Pains. Externally let the <HI>Abdomen</HI> be fomented with the Decoctions of Chamomil, Savine, and wild Thyme; and anointed with a Mixture of the Oil of Wall-flowers, and the di&s;till'd Oils of Cumin, Juniper-berries and Amber; applying afterwards a hot Brick, or a Bag (either dry or boil'd in Wine) of Wormwood, Cha|momil, Fever-few, <HI>Angelica</HI>-roots, the four great hot Seeds, and Juniper-berries. If the Urine be al&s;o &s;top'd, apply to the lower Belly a Catapla&s;m of Chervil, Pellitory of the Wall, and Oil of Scorpions. In the mean while it will not be improper to inject Cly&s;ters of the Decoctions of Specifics for the Womb, and &s;timulating Ingredients; and to order Fumigations from Coloquintida, the Dro&s;s of the <HI>Regulus</HI> of Antimony, Troches of Myrrh, Bdellium, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Some put into the <HI>Vagina</HI> a little Bag of black Hellebor. In a word, this Symptom and that of a Suppre&s;&s;ion of the Terms require the &s;ame Cure.</P>
<P>In&s;tead of a Suppre&s;&s;ion of the <HI>Lochia,</HI> &s;ometimes we meet with an immoderat Flux of Blood, attended by a Pro|&s;tration of Strength, dimne&s;s of Sight, tingling of the Ears, and Swooning. If the Blood be of an ob&s;cure and
<PB N="623" REF="312">blacki&s;h Colour, it proceeds from the Veins; if its Colour be florid, and a yellowi&s;h &s;carlet, it comes from the Ar|teries, and portends Danger. The Cau&s;es are, 1. The Re|dundancy and watry thinne&s;s of the Blood. 2. Its Turge&s;|cence and accelerated Motion occa&s;ion'd by the abu&s;e of &s;pirituous Liquors in time of Labour, or the admini&s;tration of expelling Medicines. 3. The Wounds of the Womb caus'd by the violent pulling of the After-birth in ca&s;e of mi&s;carrying, or of its firm Adhe&s;ion to the Womb. 4. The Irritation of the Womb occa&s;ion'd by a <HI>Mola,</HI> or Clots of Blood, or pieces of the After-birth remaining.</P>
<P>The Cure is vary'd according to the re&s;pective Cau&s;e: If the Blood be thin, Sudorifics and Incra&s;&s;ating Ingredients are proper. If it be overturgid, Pur&s;lain, Plantane, Tor|mentil, Loo&s;trife and Acids take place. If the Womb be wounded, the Decoctions of Chervil and vulnerary Ingre|dients are recommended. If a <HI>Mola</HI> or Pieces of the Af|ter-birth remaining cau&s;e an immoderat Flux, we mu&s;t be cautious of u&s;ing &s;trong Expellents, becau&s;e they promote the Flux: But Aromatic Ingredients mix'd with A&s;tringents, may be &s;afely admini&s;tred. Such are Tormentil, Bi&s;tort, Marjoram, Pennyroyal, Mugwort, Troches of Amber, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P>In general all Preparations from Quinces; the Pouder of Sea-hor&s;e Teeth (given to a Dram) the Preparations of Steel, Blood-&s;tone, &s;eal'd Earth, burnt Hart&s;horn, the &s;olar Tincture of Steel given to fifteen Drops, and the Tincture of the Sulphur of Vitriol given to thirty, Con&s;erve of Ro&s;es and that of Comfry-roots, with <HI>Laudanum Opiatum;</HI> and in ca&s;e of extremity, Allum given to half a Dram: The&s;e, I &s;ay, are generally approv'd in all Ca&s;es. Externally apply Cupping-gla&s;&s;es under the Brea&s;ts, or foment the Brea&s;ts and Genitals, with a cold Mixture of Vinegar, Juice of Hou&s;leek, Nitre, and Water of Frogs Spawn; or apply a Catapla&s;m of Soot, Vinegar of Ro&s;es, and the Whites of Eggs, to the Loins. Some order Decoctions of a&s;tringent Ingredients and Hogs Dung in Smith's Water, to be injected into the Womb. Others recommend a Gir|dle of black Hellebor-leaves ty'd round the Body. The Re|dundancy and Turge&s;cence of the Blood admits of bleed|ing in the Arm, but no other Cau&s;e.</P>
<P>With reference to the Extraction of the After-birth, and Regulation of the Child-bed Flux, we ought to take notice of the After-pains, that ofttimes &s;ucceed to Delive|ry. The&s;e After-pains are call'd genuin, when they'r &s;eated
<PB N="624" REF="313">in the Womb, as being only a Continuation of its Contrac|tion and expul&s;ive Endeavours, occa&s;ion'd by the irritation of the Womb from cold, Wind, clotted Blood, the Re|mainders of the After-birth, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> or its being wounded by &s;harp humours, or a violent tearing of the Secundine. They are &s;tyl'd &s;purious when they'r lodg'd in the Guts, and a&s;&s;ume the form of Colic Pains. The genuin ones are confin'd to the lower Belly, and move downward; whereas the others are more floating, and direct their Cour&s;e upward, e&s;pecially towards the left <HI>Hypochondrium.</HI></P>
<P>If the&s;e Pains proceed from Cold, we order a Fumiga|tion of the Womb with Nutmegs; if from clotted Blood, we admini&s;ter the Decoction of Chervil and <HI>Sperma Caeti</HI> in|wardly. If they occa&s;ion a Suppre&s;&s;ion of the <HI>Lochia,</HI> <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">ro the Irritation and Con&s;triction of the Neck of the Womb, let the Tincture of Tartar, and E&s;&s;ence of Myrrh be exhibited. If the Excoriation of the Womb gave root to 'em, the Oil of Sweet Almonds, and vulnerary Decocti|ons mix'd with Chalybeats give relief.</P>
<P>In general the Decoction, Spirit and di&s;till'd Oil of Cha|momil is univer&s;ally approv'd as an admirable Specific again&s;t all after-Pains: To which we add ofttimes <HI>Elixir Proprieta|tis.</HI> Zedoary, Mug-wort, Ca&s;tor, the Pouder of a human Af|ter-birth, and the Carminative-&s;eeds are likewi&s;e proper In|gredients. In the la&s;t Extremity we are oblig'd to have recour&s;e to <HI>Laudanum Opiatum.</HI> Externally we foment the Womb with the Decoction of Mugwort; and anoint it with the Oils of Chamomil, Wall-flowers, Cumin, Dill, Earth-worms, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> and apply the Plai&s;ter of Galbanum call'd Matricale, or carminative Catapla&s;ms. As for &s;pu|rious Pains, we treat 'em as Colics.</P>
<P>Sometimes Women in Child-bed are &s;eiz'd with a Drou|&s;yne&s;s, Swooning and Anxiety about the Stomac and Hypo|condria, which in effect are the Symptoms of a hy&s;teric Pa&s;&s;i|on, and are remov'd by volatil Salts, as Ca&s;tor, Spirit of Sal Armoniac, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> and Antihy&s;teric Cly&s;ters. But if the&s;e Symptoms are attended by a Difficulty of Breathing, they threaten an acute Feaver, which forbids Cly&s;ters, and re|quires a much different Cure; of which more anon. The Convul&s;ions of Women in Childbed are generally retainers to this hy&s;teric Pa&s;&s;ion, or the Suppre&s;&s;ion of the <HI>Lochia,</HI> and are cur'd by Myrrh and Ca&s;tor, join'd to &s;uccinat Spirit of Hart&s;horn, and ab&s;orbent Pouders.</P>
<PB N="625" REF="313">
<P>Sometimes hard Labour cau&s;es Excoriations, Tumors, or Rents on the Privity. The fir&s;t and la&s;t are cur'd by ap|plying a Liniment of the Oil of St. <HI>John</HI>'s-wort, Bal&s;am of Peru, and Yelks of Eggs; the &s;econd by fomenting with the Decoction of Chamomil and Elder-flowers in Wine and Water, and applying a warm Catapla&s;m of fre&s;h Brook-lime and Chamomil-flowers beaten together. If the Capacity of the <HI>Vulva</HI> be &s;o inlarg'd that the Rent pa&s;&s;es through the <HI>Perinae|um,</HI> let the Woman avoid all motion of coughing, and ap|ply the following Glue to the Lips of the Wound.</P>
<P>Take of Comfry-roots two Drams; Bole Armenic, Ma|&s;tic, Dragon's Blood, Sarcocol, fine Flower and Pompholix, of each a Dram. With Ro&s;in of the Pine-tree and the Whites of Eggs make a gluy Sub&s;tance. If the Lips of the Wound are already cover'd with Scars, we treat it the &s;ame way as a Hair Lip. If it be inflam'd and tend to a Gangrene, we cut off the corrupt part, wa&s;h the &s;ound Fle&s;h with Lime-water, and cover it with the Bal&s;am of Sulphur.</P>
<P>If the Woman in Child-bed be Co&s;tive, or troubled with the dry Piles, exhibit a very gentle Laxative, and foment the <HI>Anus</HI> with emollient Decoctions. If a Loo&s;ene&s;s &s;eize her while the <HI>Lochia</HI> are &s;uppre&s;s'd, it ought not to be &s;topp'd any other way than by admini&s;tring Specifics for retrieving the Flux of the <HI>Lochia:</HI> But if their Flux con|tinues, or if an acute Feaver attend the Loo&s;ne&s;s, it ought to be curb'd betimes, by exhibiting Sudorifics and proper Specifics again&s;t Loo&s;ne&s;&s;es, and applying to the Navel or Stomac the Oil of Amber mix'd with the di&s;till'd Oil of Mace. If the Sphincter of the Bladder be &s;o relaxated by the di&s;tention of Childbirth, or the roughne&s;s of the Mid|wife's Hands, that the Woman cannot retain her Urine, &s;he mu&s;t foment the Parts with aromatic and a&s;tringent Decoctions, and hang the Pouder of Toads in a Bag over her Brea&s;t, or have recour&s;e to the natural Hot-baths. If Clots of Blood collected in the Pa&s;&s;age for Urine, occa&s;ion its Suppre&s;&s;ion, let the Pubes be anointed with Oil of Scor|pions; and the Decoction of Chervil, Chamomil and <HI>Sper|ma Ceti</HI> be us'd both inwardly and outwardly. If hard Labour occa&s;ion wrinkles in the Belly, let it be anointed with a Liniment of the Oil of Nutmegs, <HI>Sperma Ceti,</HI> Saf|fron and Wax.</P>
<P>The remaining Di&s;orders incident to Women in Child|bed, are the Milk-feaver and acute Di&s;ea&s;es. The occa&s;i|on
<PB N="626" REF="314">of the former is this. The nutritious Juice that was wont to be mea&s;ur'd out for the Child in the Womb, &s;tag|nats in the Blood after Delivery, and about the fourth day rai&s;es a feaveri&s;h Thir&s;t and Fermentation; by virtue of which 'tis precipitated into the Brea&s;ts, and converted into Milk, while the remaining Recrements are voided by a natural Sweat about the &s;eventh day. If this Feaver be trouble&s;ome, 'tis alleviated by promoting the Flux of the <HI>Lochia,</HI> e&s;pecially if the Woman do not de&s;ign to &s;uckle her Child; as the fix'd Salts with Diaphoretic Antimo|ny and Myrrh, or gentle Sudorifics, will an&s;wer tho&s;e who make account to &s;uckle. In general there's nothing more friendly to Women in Childbed, than continued breathing Sweats. If anxiety and difficulty of breathing attend this Feaver, we mu&s;t have recour&s;e to the expelling Emul&s;ions of the Seeds of Turneps, Columbines, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P>If the Brea&s;ts be hard and mole&s;ted with pain, foment 'em with the Spirit of Sal Armoniac and the E&s;&s;ence of Saf|fron; and apply a Plai&s;ter of Saffron and Galbanum.</P>
<P>The acute Di&s;ea&s;es of Women in Childbed are for the mo&s;t part malignant, and u&s;her'd in by malign Symptoms. If a Feaver is occa&s;ion'd by a Suppre&s;&s;ion of the <HI>Lochia,</HI> we mu&s;t endeavour to recover their Flux. If the <HI>Lochia</HI> continue to run, we mu&s;t be cautious of exhibiting &s;trong Sudorifics again&s;t the Feaver, for fear of occa&s;ioning an un|timely Suppre&s;&s;ion. But withal remember to keep it within bounds, and re&s;train it if there be occa&s;ion, le&s;t the Malig|nity &s;hould gain force by the exce&s;&s;ive lo&s;s of Blood. In general, the Cure is perform'd by avoiding the lea&s;t degree of cold, and taking Sudorifics, &s;uch as Mineral Bezoar, Di<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">|phoretic Antimony, Cinnabar of Antimony, the <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">olatil Salt of Hart&s;horn, and the fixed Salts mix'd with Myrrh and Amber in ca&s;e of a Suppre&s;tion of the <HI>Lochia;</HI> or with A|&s;tringents when they exceed mea&s;ure, exhibited in the Wa|ter of Swallows with Ca&s;tor for a Vehicle. Purging, Cly|&s;ters, Blooding and &s;weet Syrups are generally noxious; e&s;pecially if the Feaver be very malignant, attended by a tingling of the Ears, heavyne&s;s of the Head, difficulty of Breathing, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Tho the Per&s;on be mole&s;ted with Thir&s;t, Acids ought to be cautiou&s;ly us'd, by rea&s;on that they may provoke the Womb, or &s;top the Childbed Flux. The Gel|ly of Hart&s;horn and Juice of Citrons, or the Tincture of Columbine and Blewbottle-flowers, and &s;uch like temperat Acids are the be&s;t. If the Per&s;on be frequently &s;eiz'd with
<PB N="627" REF="314">&s;light Shiverings, and little pricking Pains in the Back, 'tis a &s;ign of miliar Eruptions, which if they be white are dan|gerous. Before their Eruption, ab&s;orbent Diaphoretics are proper; after their appearance, Emul&s;ions of the expul&s;ive Seeds, the anti&s;corbutic Tincture of Coral, and the E&s;&s;ence of Myrrh, ought to be added.</P>
</DIV3>
<DIV3 N="9" TYPE="section">
<HEAD>SECT. IX. <HI>Of the Di&s;orders relating to Suckling.</HI></HEAD>
<P>THE nutritious Juice that was wont to be mea&s;ur'd out for the Child in the Womb, &s;tagnats in the Blood when the Womb is empty'd and contracted. This Stagnation is follow'd by a Fermentation, or Milk-feaver, and that by a Precipitation of Serum, which being &s;train'd thro the Glandules of the Brea&s;ts, and thicken'd by their acid Ferment, is converted into Milk, and fitted for the Nouri&s;hment of new-born Infants. The Accidents which thwart Nature in this its De&s;ign, are &s;uch as either impair or over-mul<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">iply the quantity of Milk, or el&s;e deprave it.</P>
<P>Tho&s;e which impair the quantity of Milk, are the artifi|cial Compre&s;&s;ion, or preternatural Ob&s;truction of the Glan|dules and Pa&s;&s;ages in the Brea&s;ts; the meagre dry Con&s;ti|tution of the Woman's Body; much &s;weating, or voiding large quantities of white Serum in the Childbed Flux; drink|ing of acid Liquors, or au&s;tere Wine; Grief, Fear, Anger and Childbed acute Di&s;ea&s;es; to which we may add the want of a &s;ucking Force in a weak Child. Now in order to &s;upply Milk, we order juicy Food, and the Decoction of Elder-flowers in Milk, or that of Earth-worms and Fennel|&s;eeds, for drink. The Seeds of Anis, Caraways and Dill, or their di&s;till'd Oils, are al&s;o very proper. Prepar'd Cry|&s;tal and Marle from Rocks, indirectly promote the increa&s;e of Milk, by &s;ubduing the Acid that thwarts it. Exter|nally we order the Brea&s;ts to be rubb'd with a rough Cloth after eating, and fomented with the Decoction of Fennel|&s;eeds, Mar&s;hmallows, Mint, and Elder-flowers in Milk; or anointed with the Oil of Worms, mix'd with a few Drops of the di&s;till'd Oil of Anis; and cover'd with a Ca|tapla&s;m of the Meal of Barly, Mar&s;hmallows and Ye&s;t.</P>
<PB N="628" REF="315">
<P>Contrary to this Symptom is the Redundancy of Milk caus'd by the Laxity of the Glandules in the Brea&s;ts, or the over-acting of a volatil Acid which promotes the Precipita|tion. It is follow'd by a di&s;tention of the Brea&s;ts, pain in the Back, &s;welling of the Glandules under the Arm-pits, and &s;ometimes a Corruption of the Brea&s;ts, if it &s;tagnate there; or by an univer&s;al Weakne&s;s, if it be evacuated. If it coagulat and di&s;tend the Brea&s;ts, we endeavour to pro|mote its Egre&s;s by &s;ucking, and applying the Plai&s;ter of <HI>Sperma Ceti,</HI> and above that, hot Bags quilted with Millet|&s;eeds, Rice and Barly. If the Milk be free from Coagu|lation in the Brea&s;ts, we foment 'em with the Decoction of Mint, Hemlock, Cumin-&s;eeds, and Allum in Water and Vinegar; or apply Catapla&s;ms of the Pouder of Mint, Bread, Vinegar and Salt. Some commend the Juice of Plantane, and the Plai&s;ter of Hemlock. Internally we ex|hibit the cold Antivenereal Specifics.</P>
<P>Be&s;ides the Deficiency and Redundancy of Milk, there remains yet another Di&s;order relating to the &s;ame Cla&s;s, <HI>viz.</HI> its Corruption or Curdling, occa&s;ion'd either &s;uddenly by the quick Retreat and Perturbation of the Animal Spirits through Grief and Fear, or gradually by its mixing with acid Lymph in the Glandules of the Brea&s;ts, and lingring beyond its due time. The Symptoms of curdled Milk are the <HI>unequal</HI> Swellings of the Glandules of the Brea&s;ts, at fir&s;t free of pain, but afterwards follow'd by a violent Heat, Redne&s;s, pinching Pain, and Inflammation that perhaps degene|rats into Impo&s;thums, Fi&s;tula's, Schirrus's or Cancers. The Cure, which ought to commence betimes, con&s;i&s;ts in di&s;cu&s;&s;ing the Swellings, and di&s;&s;olving the curdled Milk, or el&s;e pro|moting its Suppuration. The Di&s;cu&s;&s;ion is obtain'd by giv|ing inwardly <HI>Sperma Ceti</HI> to a Dram; or Crabs-eyes and Myrrh, with Diaphoretic Antimony and fixed Salts; or the Pouder of Woodlice to a Dram; or the Spirit of Sal Armoniac to a Dram; in order to &s;weat. After &s;weating we apply a large quantity of the Plai&s;ter of <HI>Sperma Ceti,</HI> and cover it above with hot Bags of Rice, Millet-&s;eeds and Barly; or if that Plai&s;ter be ineffectual, that of Galbanum with Saffron cover'd in like manner, the Brea&s;t being bath'd twice a day with a Mixture of the Spirit of Sal Armoniac, E&s;&s;ence of Saffron and ordinary Spirit of Wine.</P>
<P>If the Brea&s;ts be much inflam'd or &s;eiz'd with St. <HI>Anto|ny</HI>'s Fire, the Woman is mole&s;ted with feaveri&s;h Shiverings, and a beating Pain in the middle of the Swelling. In this
<PB N="629" REF="315">ca&s;e let the Milk be forcibly &s;uck'd; let the Decoctions of Mint and Chervil, with the above-mention'd Sudorifics, be admini&s;tred; and Hony &s;pread upon gray or blew Paper be apply'd to the Brea&s;ts. The Phlegm of Vitriol &s;trip'd of Acidity, the Water of Frogs Spawn, and e&s;pecially that of Quick-lime, are very u&s;eful for external Fomentation. Some order River-Crabs bruis'd to be applied to the Brea&s;ts: But above all, a Catapla&s;m of the Meal of Beans, Lentils and Lupins, boil'd in Vinegar and Water, and mix'd with the Whites of Eggs, is mo&s;t effectual. For St. <HI>Antony</HI>'s Fire, let the Syrup of Elder &s;pread upon a Linen Cloth be applied to the Brea&s;ts, and renewed every hour.</P>
<P>If Di&s;cu&s;&s;ives prove &s;ucce&s;sle&s;s, we mu&s;t endeavour to ri|pen the Swelling, by bathing it twice a day with E&s;&s;ence of Saffron and Spirit of Sal Armoniac mix'd; and apply|ing <HI>Myn&s;ichtius</HI>'s Plai&s;ter of <HI>Galbanum</HI> with Saffron mix'd with <HI>Diachylon.</HI> 'Tis u&s;ual to apply Catapla&s;ms of the Juice of Smallage, Juice of Sheeps-dung, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> But they generally create pain. Perhaps the following Catapla&s;m may not be ami&s;s.</P>
<P>Take of the Roots of Orris, ro&s;ted Onyons, of each three Ounces; Ye&s;t two Ounces; Yelks of Eggs in number three; fre&s;h Hogs Tallow half an Ounce; Oil of Ro&s;es, Meal of Beans and Lin&s;eed, of each two Ounces. Make a Catapla&s;m.</P>
<P>When the Swelling becomes &s;oft, it ought to be open'd with a Lance, becau&s;e tho the Glandule and Fat be ea&s;ily di&s;&s;olv'd by the purulent matter, yet 'tis not able to break through the Skin without in&s;ufferable pains. After 'tis open, apply Tents cover'd with Bal&s;am of Peru, or Oil of the Bal&s;amin Apple, Oil of St. <HI>John</HI>'s-wort, or the common Dige&s;tive of Turpentine, Hony and Yelks of Eggs; or above all, the Oil of Man's Ordure. In ca&s;e of a Fi&s;tula, wa&s;h it with the Decoction of Agrimony, Allum, and Myrrh, and apply the following Ointment.</P>
<P>Take of the Juice of Agrimony an Ounce; Aloes, Myrrh, Sarcocol, and plumous Allum, of each a Dram. With Hony make an Ointment.</P>
<P>Ofttimes the&s;e Swellings elude the Operation both of di&s;cu&s;&s;ing and &s;uppurating Medicines, and become hard painle&s;s Scrofles or Schirrus's; the former ari&s;ing from curd|led Milk, the latter from clotted Blood fix'd by a powerful Acid, after the Inflammation. In this Ca&s;e Gum Ammoniac, Galbanum, the Plai&s;ter of Hemloc, and a Liniment of the Juice
<PB N="630" REF="316">of Night&s;hade with Lytharge are proper for external Ap|plication. If we are apprehen&s;ive of their Degeneracy in|to a Cancer, a Catapla&s;m of the Juice of Earthworms, Pulp of rotten Apples, Turneps, Figgs and Saffron, will not be improper. But if the Swellings begin to &s;hoot and cau&s;e pain, they are not to be meddled with; as being near akin to Cancers.</P>
<P>Cancers in the Brea&s;t generally take their Ri&s;e from hard Swellings, and are much incourag'd by the Suppre&s;&s;ion of the Terms. When the Swelling &s;hoots and pricks without a tendency to Suppuration; when it becomes hot and livid, and the Veins are &s;wollen, we may rea&s;onably conclude up|on a Cancer. Sometimes, but very rarely, it comes with|out any vi&s;ible precedent Cau&s;e, and appears fir&s;t in the form of a little red Knot, about the bigne&s;s of a Chiche, which by derees increa&s;es, becomes livid and black, and the &s;ur|rounding Veins &s;well up like &s;o many Crabs-feet.</P>
<P>If a Cancer lies hid within its own Verge, and dos not yet corrode the Skin and Sub&s;tance of the Brea&s;ts, it ought not to be tamper'd with. For a palliative Cure we apply Li|niments which partake of Ceru&s;s and the Sugar of Lead, or a Plate of Lead to the Brea&s;ts. The Juice of the prick Thi|&s;tle call'd <HI>Onopordon,</HI> or of the Herb <HI>Robert,</HI> and the Juice or Water of rotten Apples, are al&s;o proper for external Ap|plications. Note, all Compo&s;itions again&s;t a Cancer ought to be beaten and mix'd in a Leaden Mortar.</P>
<P>If a Cancer be ulcerated, and void corrupt matter di&s;per|&s;ing its Venom round all the neighbouring Parts, it ought to be rooted out with a Knife, and the bleeding &s;top'd with a fir'd Iron. <HI>Allioth</HI> pretended to cure it with Alcali's mix'd with Sulphur. But the former Method is mo&s;t univer&s;ally receiv'd. Some apply a living Crab which dies upon the Brea&s;t while the Virulency remains; and if it live, &s;ignifies the temperance of the Ferment. This Application they repeat till the Crab be able to live upon the Brea&s;t. Soot and Lime-water are al&s;o recommended for wa&s;hing the Ul|cers, as likewi&s;e the following Ointment. Take of the Juices of Golden Rod, Night&s;hade, and Sow-thi&s;tle, of each an Ounce; Oil of Violets, and that of Ro&s;es, of each an Ounce and a half. With Quick-lime make an Ointment in a Leaden Mortar.</P>
<P>The la&s;t Di&s;order relating to Suckling &s;hall be that of the Nipples; when they are &s;mall and not open, or chop'd and <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">lcerated. The former Inconvenience is amended by ap|plying
<PB N="631" REF="316">a Cupping gla&s;s or a gla&s;s In&s;trument fit for the purpo&s;e, and &s;uckling a toothle&s;s Puppy. The latter is prevented by fitting an excavated Nutmeg to the Nipple, or anointing it with Hogs Tallow mix'd with common Bole, &s;ome time before Delivery. Its actual Cure is compa&s;s'd by anointing with Bal&s;am of Peru, or Oil of Bal&s;amin Apple mix'd with the Oil of Eggs. The Oil of Sugar, the fat of Cockles, the Juice of the Herb <HI>Robert,</HI> and above all, the Juice of Wood-lice expre&s;s'd in Wine, are ap|prov'd for the &s;ame purpo&s;e. Some apply &s;ton'd Rai&s;ins, or the Leather of ones Shooe: But when the Chops are large, they ought to be wa&s;hed frequently with warm Water to take off the &s;tagnating Milk and Serum that corrupts and galls the Nipples; and then fomented with Plantain-wa|ter, in which Sugar of Lead is di&s;&s;olv'd; and afterwards co|ver'd up with a leaf of Ground Ivy. If they be ulcerated, wa&s;h them with Quicklime-water; and anoint 'em with a mixture of Litharge, Allum, Myrrh, and Oil of Ro&s;es.</P>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 N="5" TYPE="book">
<PB N="632" REF="317">
<HEAD>AN ABRIDGMENT OF ETMULLERUS HIS <HI>Practice of</HI> PHYSIC, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></HEAD>
<HEAD TYPE="sub">BOOK V. <HI>Of the Di&s;ea&s;es of Children.</HI></HEAD>
<P>IN the foregoing Sections we conducted the Child from the fir&s;t minute of Conception, to the hour of Birth. It remains now to view its Circum&s;tances, when ju&s;t launch'd into the World, and provide &s;uitable Relief. The fir&s;t Alteration it undergoes, is occa&s;ion'd by the free Air which rarifies and quickens the Blood and Spirits, and by con&s;equence provokes the Stomac, Guts, and Bladder to expul&s;ive Contractions. Now in imitation of Natures Ef|forts, 'tis the Duty of Art to promote the&s;e Evacuations by exhibiting &s;mall quantities of a Mixture of &s;olutive Syrup of Ro&s;es, Syrup of Cichory with Rubarb, and <HI>Sala</HI>'s Eme|tic Syrup; and feeding it with the Bee&s;tings projected by Nature for that purpo&s;e: For the Excrements lodg'd in the fir&s;t Pa&s;&s;ages, are the curdled, acid, nutritious Juice barr'd from Evacuation 'till Child-birth; hence the voiding of 'em before Delivery is look'd upon as a Sign of a dead Child: And their undue &s;tay after the Birth taints the nouri&s;hment with a preternatural Acidity, and is in good
<PB N="633" REF="317">mea&s;ure the Cau&s;e of all the tragical Symptoms that pur|&s;ue our Infancy; upon which account we ought to be dili|gent in endeavouring their early removal.</P>
<P>Nor is the in&s;en&s;ible Tran&s;piration or Evacuation by the Pores of the skin to be neglected, as being &s;o e&s;&s;ential to Life. Now the &s;limy Cru&s;t fa&s;ten'd upon the Skin by the Liquor in the <HI>Amnios,</HI> deprives the Infants of this Benefit, and by impri&s;oning the Steams under the Skin expo&s;es 'em to cuticular Eruptions. To remove this inconvenience the Nur&s;e ought to bathe the Child very frequently in warm Water, in which Soap or common Lye is di&s;&s;olv'd; and with a &s;oft Cloth wipe off the impurities of the Womb.</P>
<P>As the undue Retention of Excrements is frequently the Cau&s;e of Childrens Di&s;ea&s;es, &s;o the A&s;&s;umption of irregular Food is ju&s;tly charg'd with the &s;ame Crime. The mo&s;t of their Food is Milk from the Brea&s;ts, which is render'd di&s;orderly &s;everal ways. As,</P>
<P N="1">1. When 'tis not the Mother's own Milk. The nutri|tious Juice which the Child was acquainted with in the Womb, being converted into Milk, would be the mo&s;t na|tural and ea&s;y nouri&s;hment; &s;ince Cu&s;tomary Food is always mo&s;t ea&s;y of Dige&s;tion. But fora&s;much as the temperament of every Woman varies the Milk; that of a &s;trange Wo|man mu&s;t needs di&s;agree with the nutritious Juice of the Mother, which the Child was wont to dige&s;t, and con&s;e|quently cau&s;es &s;everal notable Alterations in its Body; e&s;pe|cially con&s;idering that our Hackney Nur&s;es are generally poor and inur'd to coar&s;e Food, whereas the Mothers that hire 'em are intitled to a contrary Character.</P>
<P N="2">2. The Milk of a &s;ickly Woman, whether Mother or Nur&s;e, is improper.</P>
<P N="3">3. Fat thick Milk at fir&s;t, is pernicious to the Child, and apt to curdle into an acid Crudity. Nature has wi&s;ely provided again&s;t this Con&s;equence by the thin purgative Bee&s;tings that prepare the Child's Stomac, and by degrees inable it to dige&s;t the thick elaborate Milk.</P>
<P N="4">4. Nothing is more apt to di&s;order the Child than &s;uck|ling it too often; &s;ince large quantities of Milk &s;tag|nating in the Stomac, mu&s;t needs corrupt and occa&s;ion Cru|dities, e&s;pecially if fre&s;h Milk be pour'd in before the pre|ceding be dige&s;ted.</P>
<P N="5">5. The Nur&s;e's irregular Conduct dos frequently vitiat the Milk. The lea&s;t Error in Diet, tho inoffen&s;ive to her, may taint the Milk and hurt the Child. Upon which ac|count
<PB N="634" REF="318">&s;he ought to eat roa&s;ted Meat, and that moderatly, and not over-charge her Stomac, as many are wont to do, when they'r tran&s;planted from their own hungry Habitati|ons to a fat Pa&s;ture. In particular &s;he ought to avoid Acids, Sweetmeats, Chee&s;e, Wine, Summer-fruits, or whatever is apt to curdle and clot the Milk. And as her Diet ought to be clean and regular, &s;o &s;he ought to pre&s;erve a calm di&s;|pa&s;&s;ionat temper of Mind; &s;ince Fear, Anger, and Grief, clot the Milk by diverting and withdrawing the Spirits that &s;hould keep up its equal temperature: Nay the influence of Fear and other Pa&s;&s;ions is vi&s;ible in the natural Marks that are intail'd to Children in the Mother's Womb, by the vio|lent Motion of the Mother's Spirits determin'd upon one part; and (by the way) the&s;e Marks are cur'd by apply|ing frequently a hot bloody Secundine, or Clouts dip'd in Men&s;trual Blood, and the touch of a dead Child's hand. Some apply Clouts dip'd in the Blood of Toads, or <HI>Fer|nelius</HI>'s <HI>Aqua Divina,</HI> or in ca&s;e of extremity cut 'em off.</P>
<P>If Fear or Pa&s;&s;ion actually prevail and cau&s;e the Coagu|lation of Milk, let the deprav'd Milk be fir&s;t &s;uck'd out by a Puppy, and the Medicines recommended again&s;t the &s;ame Symptoms in the foregoing Book, be exhibited be|fore the Child be admitted to &s;uck. In general the curd|ling of the Milk is be&s;t prevented by eating Ani&s;e and Fen|nel-&s;eeds after Meals, and ab&s;taining from cold drink, or avoiding any external Cold; e&s;pecially by diverting the men&s;trual Purgation, and &s;hunning the Emotions of Venery, which by curdling the Milk in the Child's Stomac frequent|ly entail to it an Antipathy again&s;t Chee&s;e, as being a na|tural re&s;emblance of the curdled Milk that was wont to annoy it.</P>
<P>After the Child has &s;uck'd about a year it ought to be wean|ed, e&s;pecially a little after the Equinoxes, during the increa&s;e of the Moon. The chief Inconvenience Children are liable to, is drinking in the Nighttime, which &s;wells up their Belly, and occa&s;ions Loo&s;ene&s;&s;es and many other bad Symp|toms. To prevent this, let the E&s;&s;ence of Wormwood be mix'd with their drink; or if the&s;e Evils prevail already, exhibit a little Spani&s;h Wine, and apply Aromatic Bags to the Belly. Be&s;ides, as for the other Food of young Chil|dren it ought to con&s;i&s;t of white Bread dry'd and beaten &s;mall, Yelks of Eggs and Ani&s;eed boil'd in Milk or Water to the Con&s;i&s;tence of a thin Pulp. That which is common|ly made of Flower and Milk or Water is fitter for Pa&s;te
<PB N="635" REF="318">than any thing el&s;e; for it lies heavy in the Child's Sto|mac, and degenerats into a vi&s;cous tough Crudity; whereas the Bread being already fermented, is &s;ooner and more ea|&s;ily dige&s;ted. 'Tis cu&s;tomary among Nur&s;es to attenuate the Child's Food in their own Mouths before they give it; and indeed 'tis true that a healthy Nur&s;es Spittle is of u&s;e for promoting the quick Dige&s;tion: But if &s;corbutic Salts be lodg'd in her Gums, or if a Cacochymy prevail in her Body, it is too apt a Vehicle for conveying a morbifical Tincture into the Child's Body.</P>
<P>The&s;e premi&s;es, if duly weigh'd, will furni&s;h us with a di&s;tinct Idea of the Cau&s;es of Childrens Di&s;ea&s;es. The Ex|crements retained and vicious Milk or Pap receiv'd into the Stomac, degenerat into an acid Crudity; which if impri|&s;on'd in a vi&s;cid Vehicle, di&s;plays its force within, and if diluted with a thinner Serum, breaks out upon the Skin in various Eruptions. From this Source it were ea&s;y to derive all the particular Di&s;ea&s;es of Children, their violent Gripings, and voiding of di&s;color'd Excre|ments; the generation of Wind and di&s;tention of the Belly; Vomiting and Inappetency; Hiccough, Watchings, Con|vul&s;ions; and the numberle&s;s Train of cuticular Eruptions, or aches on the Skin, occa&s;ion'd partly by the Efflux of a ferous acid, and partly by a want of due tran&s;piration which obliges it to &s;tagnat in the out parts.</P>
<P>Now fora&s;much as all the&s;e Di&s;ea&s;es of Children are de|riv'd from one Cau&s;e, and con&s;equently demand the &s;ame Method of Cure, 'twill be needle&s;s to trace every di&s;tinct Symptom apart; and therefore we &s;hall content our &s;elves with a general Account of the Method of Cure. And indeed if the foregoing Hypothe&s;is be duly con&s;idered and under|&s;tood, 'twill be an obvious Con&s;equence that the Ba&s;is of the Cure falls upon Alcalies, or &s;uch Medicines as di&s;cu&s;s a vi&s;cid Crudity, and imbibe an acid.</P>
<P>The&s;e are; fir&s;t, the volatil Alkalies, e&s;pecially the Spirit of Sal Armoniac &s;uccinat, which tho dreaded by &s;ome, is recommended by experience as an incomparable Medicine for Children. 'Tis given in the Mother's Milk, or in Mint or Fennel-water. To this Cla&s;s we may join oily Aromatics, as Ani&s;eed given in Pouder to half a Dram; Ca|&s;tor, Myrrh, and <HI>Elixir Proprietatis</HI> prepar'd without A|cids. In the &s;econd Rank we place the fix'd ab&s;orbent Al|calies, <HI>viz.</HI> Coral, Crabs-eyes, Pearl, Sea Hor&s;e-teeth, Ivo|ry, Bezoar-&s;tone. To which we may add the Tincture of
<PB N="636" REF="319">Tartar, or that of the Dro&s;s of the Regulus of Antimony; and <HI>Venice</HI> Triacle or Mithridate given to two Grains; (&s;tronger Narcotics and more generous Medicines being im|proper.) As for example,</P>
<P>Take of prepar'd Crabs-eyes half a Dram; Hart&s;horn prepar'd without fire, half a Dram; prepar'd red Coral half a Scruple; choice Myrrh, &s;ix or nine Grains; <HI>Venice</HI> Triacle three or four Grains; di&s;till'd Oil of Ani&s;e three or &s;ix Drops. Make a Pouder. Or,</P>
<P>Take of Hart&s;horn prepar'd without Fire a Scruple; Crabs-eyes and red Coral, of each half a Scruple; volatil Salt of Hart&s;horn &s;ix Grains; <HI>Venice</HI> Triacle four Grains; choice Myrrh three Grains. Make a Pouder, of which give a convenient quantity in Milk or Pap.</P>
<P>Take of Elder-flower-water two Ounces; Spirit of Sal Armoniac fifteen Drops; Hart&s;horn prepar'd without Fire, the Jaw-bone of a Pike, and prepar'd Unicorn, of each half a Scruple; Syrup of Poppies two Drams. Make a Potion to be given by little Spoonfuls.</P>
<P>Now the acid Crudity being thus &s;ubdu'd and prepar'd, it remains only to make Provi&s;ion for its Evacuation, fir&s;t by Cly&s;ters of the Decoction of Chamomil-flowers, mix'd with Salt of Tartar, Hony of Rue, and Oil of Ani&s;e; or tho&s;e of Milk with Turpentin di&s;&s;olv'd by the Yelk of an Egg; or in a difficult Ca&s;e, thus,</P>
<P>Take of the Decoction of Carminative Ingredients with Salt of Tartar two Ounces; <HI>Sala</HI>'s Emetic Syrup two Drams; Hony of Ro&s;es two Drams: Make a Cly&s;ter.</P>
<P>If a vi&s;cid Slime &s;tuff the Brea&s;t, we may exhibit for a Potion three Drams of Hy&s;&s;op Water, half a Dram of the Syrup of Tobacco, and a Scruple of <HI>Sala</HI>'s Emetic Syrup mix'd; or half an Ounce of Mint-water, with half a Dram of the Emetic Syrup. As for Purgatives take what follows,</P>
<P>Take of the Solutive Syrup of Ro&s;es two Drams; pre|par'd Crabs-eyes half a Dram; prepar'd red Coral twelve Grains: With a few Drops of the Spirit of Anis make a Mixture. Or,</P>
<P>Take of the Pouder of Jalap &s;ix Grains; Tartar vitriolat half a Scruple. Make a Pouder.</P>
<P>Manna given to two or four Drams in Brea&s;t-milk or Pap, is al&s;o a good Laxative. But above all, &s;weet Mercury is the mo&s;t effectual Correcter and Evacuater of acid vi&s;cous Humours, e&s;pecially upon the approach of the Small Pox or Mea&s;les. 'Tis given at the rate of a Grain for every year of the Child's Age. As,</P>
<PB N="637" REF="319">
<P>Take of the Pulp of Rai&s;ins half a Dram; &s;weet Mercu|ry a Grain and a half; Pouder of Jalap three Grains. Make a Bolus.</P>
<P>If Mercury be in&s;ufficient, Fulminatory Gold given to a Grain with Ivory and Pouder of Sea-hor&s;e-teeth, is a nota|ble Medicine; e&s;pecially if the fir&s;t Pa&s;&s;ages be &s;tuff'd. It operats more fiercely in wean'd Children than tho&s;e that &s;uck, by rea&s;on that the Milk tempers it.</P>
<P>The&s;e Medicines, if di&s;creetly manag'd, will an&s;wer all Di&s;ea&s;es in Children, particularly the gripings they are &s;o liable to, which are attended by prodigious unquietne&s;s, and voiding of clotted or green Excrements, or at lea&s;t &s;uch as are fir&s;t yellow, and afterwards become green by rea&s;on of the freer Efferve&s;cence of the curdl'd Acid with the Bile. The&s;e we cure by the above-mention'd Cly&s;ters, (or tho&s;e of Milk when the yellow Excrements are thin and &s;harp) and Mixtures of aromatic Waters, volatil Salts and fix'd Alkalies; and when all prove ineffectual, by exhibiting a Grain or two of <HI>Aurum Fulminans</HI> in black Cherry-water. Externally we anoint the Belly with di&s;till'd Oils of Mace and Ani&s;e mix'd with the expre&s;s'd Oil of Nutmegs; or if the matter be very vi&s;cous, with an Ointment made of Gum Ammoniac, Turpentin, Aloes, Hogs Tallow, fre&s;h Butter, and di&s;till'd Oil of Ani&s;e. If the Belly be di&s;tended by Wind, we exhibit the Pouder or di&s;till'd Oil of Angelica-roots, Ani&s;eed, red Coral, and the Water of the Oak of <HI>Jeru&s;alem,</HI> and anoint the Belly with Oil of Chamomil, and di&s;till'd Oil of Ani&s;e. If the Child vomit often, 'tis a Sign of a &s;trong Stomac, and ought not to be &s;topt, e&s;pecially if it proceed only from a Redundancy of Milk; but if the Milk be corrupted and the matter di&s;colour'd, we exhibit a Pou|der made of Nutmegs, Coral, and Cloves; or Cinnamom-water, and di&s;till'd Oil of Cloves. Externally we inject Cly&s;ters, and anoint the Belly and Stomac as above. Again&s;t the Hiccough vomiting is proper; as al&s;o Ani&s;eeds, <HI>Venice</HI> Triacle, and di&s;till'd Oil of Cloves; or <HI>Joel</HI>'s Pouder of burnt Hart&s;horn and red Coral. For Co&s;tivene&s;s which fre|quently cau&s;es the Di&s;tention of the Belly, difficult Re&s;pi|ration, and many other bad Symptoms, we order 'em Mou&s;e-dung di&s;&s;olv'd in Milk, or in ca&s;e of extremity Sweet Mercury and <HI>Aurum fulminans.</HI> Externally we in|ject Cly&s;ters of Rape and Lin&s;eed Oils &s;harpen'd with Ex|tract of black Hellebor or Suppo&s;itories of <HI>Venice</HI> Soap; or apply to the Belly rotten Apples with Goo&s;e Fat, and
<PB N="638" REF="320">Oil of Coloquintida; or in ca&s;e of Extremity the Ointment of Sow-Bread mix'd with Bull's Gall, and Oil of Coloquinti|da. Ofttimes the &s;tagnation of &s;harp Sweat, or the neglect of &s;hifting of the Child, galls the tender Skin under the Arm|pits or about the Genitals; then we order the part to be fir&s;t wa&s;h'd with warm Water, and then &s;prinkl'd with the Preci|pitat of the Vitriol of Steel, mix'd with Chalk, Ceru&s;e, and Su|gar of Lead. Sometimes much crying or coughing will force the Caul or one of the Inte&s;tines into the Navel-&s;tring, and &s;o di&s;tend the Navel, and relax at the <HI>Peritonaeum;</HI> again&s;t which Inconvenience we exhibit Ani&s;eed inwardly, and a|noint the Navel with Oil of Eggs, or Bear's Fat mix'd with the Seed of Thorowtea&s;el; and with a Roller fa&s;ten upon it a round Ball of Ma&s;tic and red Wax, or Turpentin. If the Navel be inflam'd, we anoint with Oil of Ro&s;es mix'd with Ce|ru&s;e and Sugar of Lead and apply the Plai&s;ter of <HI>Sperma Ceti.</HI> Sometimes crying, coughing, or much Wind in the Belly occa&s;ions a Rupture, which we cure by applying a Plai&s;ter of the Skins of pickled Eels boil'd to a Con&s;i&s;tence in Lye, and bathing with a&s;tringent vulnerary Decoctions. Some|times a watry Tumour di&s;tends the <HI>Scrotum,</HI> and feigns a Rupture; this is cur'd by fomenting with the Juice of Goat's Dung, and applying the Dung it &s;elf as a Catapla&s;m. A <HI>Tene&s;mus</HI> or Down-falling of the <HI>Anus</HI> is cur'd by Fu|migations of Pine-tree-Ro&s;in, Sarcocolla, Bay-berries and Fennel-&s;eeds, and applying Bags quilted with Mullein|flowers, Bran, Cummin-&s;eeds, and Bay-berries. A Sup|pre&s;&s;ion of Urine caus'd by a pituitous Humour in the Pa&s;|&s;age, is cur'd fir&s;t by clean&s;ing the Body with Mechoacan and &s;olutive Syrup of Ro&s;es, and then exhibiting the De|coction of Vetches and Fennel-tops with &s;ome Drops of the Spirit of Turpentine, and Emul&s;ions of Violet-&s;eeds with the Water of Elder-flowers, or of Re&s;tharrow; and anointing the Pubes and <HI>Perinaeum</HI> with Oil of Scorpions and that of Wax, or applying Catapla&s;ms of Chamomil, ro&s;ted Onyons, and Oil of Scorpions. An Incontinence of Urine is removed by fomenting the Sphincter of the Blad|der with a&s;tringent Decoctions, and giving inwardly Ca&s;tor, Myrrh, and Oxymel.</P>
<P>The Thru&s;h or Wheals that frequently be&s;et Childrens Tongues, Throat and Stomac (and &s;ometimes the Guts, as appears by &s;caly Excrements) are cur'd by wa&s;hing 'em with Speedwel-water, and Juice of Turneps; or applying a Liniment of the Mucilage of Quinces extracted with the
<PB N="639" REF="320">Water of Frogs Spawn, mix'd with Juice of Hou&s;eleek and Allum; or Hony of Ro&s;es mix'd with Spirit of Salt. If the Gums be putrify'd, gargle the Mouth with the Decoction of Chervil and Sage in Water mix'd with Hony and a little Vinegar.</P>
<P>Stubborn Watchings are frequently the Harbingers of an Epilep&s;y, and therefore ought to be obviated betimes by exhibiting gentle Laxatives, and Emul&s;ions of Sweet Al|monds with ab&s;orbent Pouders. Perhaps <HI>Venice</HI> Triacle or Mithridate, and the Rinds of Poppy-heads boil'd in Milk are not ami&s;s; but the Preparations from Poppies are to be cautiou&s;ly us'd if the Children be very young. Ex|ternally we bathe the Temples with the Nur&s;e's Milk mix'd with Saffron; and anoint the Brea&s;t and Pit of the Neck with an Ointment of expre&s;s'd Oil of Nutmegs, and the di&s;till'd Oils of Rue and Amber. An Epilep&s;y is al&s;o u&s;her'd in by a &s;tarting and frights in &s;leep, occa&s;ion'd by the vio|lent Excur&s;ion of the Spirits, which requires the &s;ame Cure as an Epilep&s;y. Now an Epilep&s;y for the mo&s;t part &s;eems to proceed from a provoking Acid in the Guts, and is cur'd by Alkalin Ab&s;orbent Pouders; &s;uch as Cinnabar of Antimony, Unicorn's Horn, Cry&s;tal, Sea-hor&s;e-tooth, and e&s;pecially Amber and Mi&s;letoe of Hazel-wood, and the Pou|der of the Mo&s;s call'd <HI>Wood Claw.</HI> If the&s;e be in&s;ufficent, we add to them the volatil Salt of Amber, or which is yet better, the Spirit of Hart&s;horn impregnated with Amber. But above all, the Sulphur of Antimony or Fulminatory Gold (each of 'em given to a Grain) are the mo&s;t effectual Medicines.</P>
<P>Convul&s;ions are frequently caus'd by the breeding of Teeth, e&s;pecially the &s;harp Eye-teeth; who&s;e original &s;oft Pulp, being harden'd about the &s;ixth or &s;eventh Month, be|gins to force its Pa&s;&s;age through the Gums, and con&s;equent|ly irritates the nervous Sy&s;tem, contracts the &s;alivating Glandules, and occa&s;ions that ob&s;ervable Heat and Efflux of Serum to the Mouth, and the Inflammation of the ad|jacent Parts. This Symptom is cur'd by keeping the Belly open, and applying to the Gums the Mucilages of Flea|wort and Quince-&s;eeds, extracted with the Water of Frogs Spawn, mix'd with Oil of Sweet Almonds and that of Pop|pies; or the Brains of a Hare boil'd to the Con&s;i&s;tence of a Liniment with Hony. Some recommend the Blood of a Cock's Comb for the &s;ame u&s;e. Externally we anoint the Cheeks with emollient and di&s;cu&s;&s;ive Oils. If the &s;welling of the Gums begin to appear white in the middle, it may
<PB N="640" REF="321">be cut with a Knife, to make way for the Tooth. Some|times Children are troubled with Swellings upon the Gums, that are not caus'd by Teeth, and then they cry, if the Region of their Ears be touch'd. This Symptom is al|lay'd by anointing the Swellings with the Oil of Sweet Al|monds, and the Region of the Ears with the fat of Hares.</P>
<P>A Loo&s;ene&s;s is frequently caus'd by the defect of <HI>Saliva</HI> following the breeding of Teeth, as al&s;o by the thinne&s;s or watryne&s;s of the Nur&s;e's Milk. It ought not to be &s;top'd at fir&s;t; but if it la&s;t above &s;ix days, or if the Excrements be &s;harp, green, or black, and the Appetit dejected, a &s;peedy Cure mu&s;t be indeavour'd by ab&s;orbent Pouders, and the common Specifics again&s;t a Loo&s;ene&s;s.</P>
<P>Worms in the Guts are frequently the Authors of the Epilep&s;y, Feaver, Unquietne&s;s, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> that mole&s;t Children. They are di&s;cover'd by the&s;e Symptoms. The Child's Mouth is always full of <HI>Saliva,</HI> e&s;pecially in a Morning, while the Stomac is empty; it rubs its No&s;e and gna&s;hes with its Teeth while a&s;leep. Its appetite is uncertain, &s;ome|times voracious, tho follow'd by leanne&s;s; and &s;ometimes very low; the Belly &s;ometimes &s;inks, and &s;ometimes is much inlarged. The Face is liable to frequent Flu&s;hings, and Alterations of Colour; the Belly is for the mo&s;t part open and much grip'd. The Seeds of the&s;e Worms are con|vey'd into the Body in the Child's Food, e&s;pecially in Corn or Bread. Sweet Mercury and the Con&s;erve of Peach-flow|ers, interlac'd with the bitter Specifics, ab&s;orbent Pouders and volatil Alkalies compa&s;s the Cure. Sometimes a Worm &s;ettles its &s;elf within the Navel-&s;tring, and cau&s;es a palene&s;s of the Lips, wa&s;ting of the Body, and unquietne&s;s; 'tis kill'd by applying to the Belly the inner Shell of a Walnut fill'd with the Pouder of <HI>Venice</HI> Gla&s;s, and that of Saffron; and then it ought to be purg'd out.</P>
<P>Children are frequently troubled with a Cough which proceeds for the mo&s;t part from the Stomac. If it be a wet Cough, Vomits are ab&s;olutely nece&s;&s;ary. If dry, the Spi|rit of Hart&s;horn &s;uccinat, the Spirit of Sal Armoniac, <HI>Sperma Ceti,</HI> the Mucilage of Lin&s;eed, Figgs &s;oak'd in Spi|rit of Wine, the Juice of Rapes, and Pulp of Rai&s;ins join'd to gentle Anodynes are noted Specifics. If the Cough be convul&s;ive, we exhibit the Ca&s;tor and Spirit of Amber. If the matter be very thick, the Juice of Hor&s;e-Radi&s;hes, or of Fennel, the Syrup of Hy&s;&s;op or that of Tobacco, and <HI>Sala</HI>'s Emetic Syrup are very proper. Ex|ternally
<PB N="641" REF="321">in a dry Cough we wa&s;h the Child's Feet in hot Ale, and anoint 'em with the Goats Tallow. If a plenti|ful defluction attend the Cough, we cover the Head with Cotton fumigated with Amber, Frankincen&s;e, and the Gum of the Juniper-tree. If the Child's No&s;e is &s;top'd, put in|to it a Clout wet with Marjoram and black Cherry-water impregnated with white Vitriol, and anoint the No&s;trils with the Oil of &s;weet Almonds mix'd with a few drops of the Oil of Marjoram.</P>
<P>The Acidity of the Lymph, caus'd by the Crudities in the Stomac, frequently occa&s;ions an Ob&s;truction and &s;welling of the Glandules about the Ears, Neck and Head; and a milky Cru&s;t or &s;caly Eruption in the Head and Face, which in proce&s;s of time, if the Acid be very &s;harp, degenerats into Ulcers voiding corrupt matter. If this Eruption be un|&s;ea&s;onably &s;uppre&s;s'd, it occa&s;ions a Cough, Loo&s;ene&s;s, Convul&s;ions, and many other bad Symptoms. For Cure; in|ternally we exhibit Purgatives, e&s;pecially &s;weet Mercury; and ab&s;orbent Pouders, together with volatil Spirits. Exter|nally we anoint the cru&s;ty Eruptions with Oil of Tartar <HI>per Deliquium</HI> and Camphyr, and bathe 'em with the De|coction of Dock-roots, Mar&s;hmallows, Soap-wort and Ce|landine in &s;mall Beer or Child's Urine; and cover the run|ning Ulcers with the Pouder of the Precipitat from Vitriol of Steel, mix'd with Calaminar Stone, Chalk, Ceru&s;s, Salt of Tartar and Myrrh; and apply di&s;cu&s;&s;ive Plai&s;ters to the &s;well'd Glandules. When the Evil is inveterat, and the Ulcers are become fetid, 'tis cu&s;tomary to wa&s;h 'em with the Decoction of Tobacco, and mix Quick-&s;ilver with the Oint|ments, or order a Girdle of Quick-&s;ilver kill'd with Hog's Fat: But the&s;e Applications are not always &s;afe. <HI>Pana|rollus</HI>'s Ointment of Sulphur, Juice of Lemons and Hog's Fat; or that of the Yelks of Eggs boil'd hard with Myrrh, black Hellebor, Cuckou-pint, and Snake-weed-roots, are pre|ferable. If the Skull be corroded by the Ulcers, we apply Hony of Ro&s;es mix'd with Spirit of Wine; and the Pouder of Birthwort mix'd with Bal&s;am of Peru. If the Child's Head be lou&s;y, apply the Oil of Spike and Pouder of Stave|&s;acre over night, or the Juice of Wormwood mix'd with Quick-&s;ilver; or, which is yet &s;afer, the precipitat of Mer|cury prepar'd with Spirit of Nitre; wa&s;hing it next Morn|ing with a Lee of the Decoction of Lavender and Spike.</P>
<P>This Acidity of the Lymph, proceding from curdled Milk in the Stomac, is al&s;o the Cau&s;e of the &s;mall Pox
<PB N="642" REF="322">and Mea&s;les. They are u&s;her'd in by a dry Cough, a wa|trine&s;s and &s;welling of the Eyes, and itching of the No&s;e. So &s;oon as we can di&s;cover their approach, we exhibit &s;weet Mercury with a Grain of the Pouder of Jalap; or if the &s;trength be much impair'd, and the Heat be violent, the Sulphur of Antimony precipitated from the Dro&s;s of the Regulus. If the Belly be &s;woln and infe&s;ted with Noi&s;e, we inject gentle Cly&s;ters. After the Ebullition is over, we admini&s;ter the Emul&s;ions of the out-&s;triking Seeds with Ca|&s;tor, Myrrh, Diaphoretic Antimony, Cinnabar of Antimony, fix'd Salts, ab&s;orbent Pouders; and the Juice of Hor&s;e-Dung. If the Malignity of the Humours cau&s;e Convul&s;ions, we add the volatil Salt of Amber, and the &s;uccinat Spirit of Hart&s;|horn. If the Child be very re&s;tle&s;s, we may venture to give a &s;mall quantity of the Syrup of Poppies. If a Vomiting attend the beginning of the Di&s;ea&s;e, we ought not to &s;top it, unle&s;s it prove exce&s;&s;ive, and then we give <HI>Venice</HI> Tria|cle and <HI>Laudanum Opiatum;</HI> or rather the Spirit of Hart&s;|horn Succinat. To prevent a Loo&s;ene&s;s, which in this ca&s;e is fatal, let the Nur&s;e and Child both drink the Decoction of Vipergra&s;s with the Gelly of Hart&s;horn. As for the other Symptoms that generally accompany this Di&s;ea&s;e, &s;ee the fir&s;t Book.</P>
<P>Ofttimes the Child is emaciated, and does not thrive, and that chiefly upon three accounts. 1. When the Nur&s;e's Milk is &s;tale and &s;harp. In this Ca&s;e we change the Nur&s;e, and bathe the Child in Goats Milk, and exhibit the Water di|&s;till'd from Ivy, or that from Fern. 2. When Worms exhau&s;t the nutritious Juice. Be&s;ides tho&s;e in the Guts treated of already, there are others like little Hairs that not only exhau&s;t the nouri&s;hment, but continually gall and gnaw the skin. They are cur'd thus: Bathe the Child in warm Water or Lee, in which Chickens Dung is boil'd, and rub the Body over with Hony to tempt the Worms to come out in the form of black Hairs. Then &s;crape 'em off with a Cru&s;t of Bread made &s;harp like the Edg of a Knife. After this has been practis'd three or four times, bathe 'em in Wormwood-water in which Aloe is di&s;&s;olv'd, or in the De|coction of Quick&s;ilver. Inwardly the Tinctures of Anti|mony, E&s;&s;ence of Myrrh, and Salt of Vipers are proper. 3. When the Glandules of the Me&s;entery, or milky Ve&s;&s;els, are &s;tuff'd with vi&s;cid Crudities, and deny pa&s;&s;age to the Chyle. This we di&s;cover by the hardne&s;s and di&s;tention
<PB N="643" REF="322">of the Belly, the vi&s;cidity and whitene&s;s of Excrements; and cure it by the abovemention'd volatil attenuating Ingredients. To which we may add the Tinctures of Steel, the Tincture and Salt of Tartar, and after the Child is wean'd, <HI>Arcanum Duplicatum.</HI> Externally we anoint the Belly with the Oint|ment of Soubread, and that of Mar&s;hmallows, Gum Ammo|niac and Oil of Chamomil.</P>
<P>The Fevers that Children are liable to, are al&s;o owing to the corrupt Crudities in the fir&s;t Pa&s;&s;ages, which defile the Blood. Their Cure is perform'd by an&s;wering the va|rious Indications according as the infirmity of Children will admit, and the nature of the Fever requires. In general, Laxatives and ab&s;orbent Pouders accompli&s;h the De&s;ign.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 N="6" TYPE="book">
<PB N="644" REF="323">
<HEAD>AN ABRIDGMENT OF ETMULLERUS HIS <HI>Practice of</HI> PHYSIC, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></HEAD>
<HEAD TYPE="sub">BOOK VI. <HI>Of Surgery.</HI></HEAD>
<P>SURGERY is that part of Phy&s;ic which affords ma|nual relief to the external Di&s;orders of the Body. But 'tis not nece&s;&s;ary for a Phy&s;ician to be nicely acquainted with all the particular Directions for the Hand, that being a Province peculiar to Surgeons: So that our pre&s;ent bu&s;ine&s;s amounts no further than to account for a Phy&s;ician's Duty in regulating the Method of exter|nal Applications and inward Admini&s;trations. This we project to do under five Heads, <HI>viz.</HI> tho&s;e of <HI>Swellings, Wounds, &V;lcers, Di&s;locations,</HI> and <HI>Fractures.</HI></P>
<P>But before we launch into Particulars, 'twill not be im|proper to take notice of the Di&s;tinction of the parts of the Body into tho&s;e that are hard, and others that are &s;oft. The former are frequently injur'd by applying oily fat things which injoy a latent Acidity prejudicial to the Bones. The latter are either &s;anguine or &s;permatic. The &s;anguine are originally nouri&s;h'd with Blood, and all Tumours, Wounds, Ulcers, or Amputations relating to them, are nei|ther
<PB N="645" REF="323">&s;o painful, nor &s;o ea&s;ily provok'd and irritated by &s;harp Medicines, nor &s;o difficult to cure; as tho&s;e of the &s;permatic or nervous parts which are nouri&s;h'd from the be|ginning with Chyle and nutritious Juice.</P>
<P>Now when any of the&s;e parts &s;uffers external Injury, we mu&s;t endeavour to allay the Pain and Symptoms that attend it, to pre&s;erve the natural Cour&s;e of the Blood and Humors, and remove the putrifying acid Ferment that annoys the Part.</P>
<DIV3 N="1" TYPE="chapter">
<HEAD>CHAP. I. <HI>Of Swellings.</HI></HEAD>
<P>A Swelling is the Enlargement of the Dimen&s;ions of any part. It may be caus'd by Di&s;location or Wind; but for the mo&s;t it owes its being to Humours; as, if the Blood or Serum &s;tagnate; the former Cau&s;es Inflammations, the latter &s;oft white Swellings: If the thinner Humours force their Pa&s;&s;age, while thick vi&s;cous Excrements &s;tick by the way, they gather into a Body by degrees, and &s;o cau&s;e Tumours, &s;uch as the critical Swellings that &s;ucceed to Fea|vers, to the Plague, and French Pox, and the hard Tu|mours of Glandules. If the nutritious Humour of any part is corrupted by a vitious Ferment re&s;iding in it, or other|wi&s;e occa&s;ionally alter'd, it degenerats into Impo&s;thumes, Ulcers, Callous Tumours and Excre&s;cences. And if the nu|tritive Juice be too plentifully receiv'd into any part, it produces the like effects.</P>
<P>The remote Cau&s;es are the &s;traitne&s;s of the Pa&s;&s;ages occa&s;ion'd by Con&s;triction, Compre&s;&s;ion, or painful Con|tractions of the Fibres; the vi&s;cidity and thickne&s;s of the Humour; the di&s;proportion of its Particles; the Influence of an acid Ferment; the extraordinary di&s;tention of the Pores giving entrance to large Quantities of nutritious Juice, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P>The Swellings are cur'd by retrieving the natural Motion of the &s;tagnating Humours; or by Di&s;cu&s;&s;ion, Suppura|tion, or artificial opening. Di&s;cu&s;&s;ion is proper for &s;an|guine Tumours, and is accompli&s;h'd by applying volatil at|tenuating Ingredients, which temper the congealing Acid, and di&s;&s;ipat or exhale the Humour. Suppuration is the Ef|fect of a mutual Efferve&s;cence betwixt the alkalin oily parts, and the Acid which precipitats 'em into a white Pus; but
<PB N="646" REF="324">if the Acid be predominant, the Tumour either degenerats into a Schirrus, or breaks the Skin without Suppuration. Upon which account all ripening Ingredients ought to be juicy and balm<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">, for tempering the Acid, and unbending the Fibres of the part. Hence volatil Remedies which di&s;&s;i|pate the thin and &s;o conden&s;ate the thick Humours, and tho&s;e of an acid quality, are improper. Indeed if nature be inactive, and the Humour be very thick, 'twill &s;ometimes be u&s;eful to join &s;ome &s;harper Ingredients to the ordinary Medicines. If the Swelling cannot be forc'd to Suppuration, it ought to be open'd by a <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">aunce, or by a potential Cau|&s;tic of the Lee of Soap, or of the Butter of Antimony, or of <HI><GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="3 letters">nes Ar&s;enicalis,</HI> which if well manag'd is an ad|mirable Cau&s;tic, and cau&s;es no pain.</P>
<P>The Medicines which unlock and &s;et at liberty the &s;tag|nating Humour, are 1. Emollient, &s;uch as Mar&s;h-mal|l<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ws, Pellitory of the Wall, Melilot, Fenugrec, Lin&s;eed, white Lillies, Figs, recent fat of female Animals, Mucilages, <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ils, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> 2. Attenuating as well as well as Softening. Such are Smallage, Elecampane, ro&s;ted Onyons, St. <HI>John</HI>'s-wort, Saffron, Chamomil and Elder-flowers, Turpentin, liquid Storax, Goo&s;e Fat, Goats Tallow, Gum Tacamahac, <HI>Sperm<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> Ceti,</HI> Oil of Dill, Oxymel of Squills, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> 3. Di&s;|cu&s;&s;ive and in &s;ome mea&s;ure Diaphoretic; &s;uch are Briony, wild Cucumbers, crude Onyons (Note, the ro&s;ting &s;trips 'em of their volatil Salt) Swallow-wort, Sowbread, Tobac|co, Squills, Savin, Mu&s;tard-&s;eeds, Gum Ammoniac, a Swal|low's Ne&s;t, the Urine and Dung of Animals, Spirit of Urin, Spirit of Sal Armoniac, Ye&s;t, Oil of Scorpions, Oil of Bricks, Oil of Turpentin, Oil of Worms, the Plai&s;ter <HI>Oxycroceum,</HI> or of Ammoniac, or of Hemlock, a Plate of Lead cover'd with Mercury, the Ointment call'd <HI>Martiatum, &amp;c.</HI> The&s;e Ingredients yield us Liquors for Fomentation, Catapla&s;ms, Ointments and Plai&s;ters. As,</P>
<P>Take of the Roots of Mar&s;h-mallows, and white Lillies, of each an Ounce and a half; the Leaves and Flowers of Mallows, and Melilot, and Elder-flowers, of each a handful; fat Figs, in number &s;ix. Boil them in Whey or Goats Milk. And to a Pound and a half of the &s;train'd Decoction, add of the recent Juice of Onyons, or Oil of Chamomil three Ounces. Mix and foment the part.</P>
<P>Take of the Roots of Mar&s;hmallows three Ounces; Roots of the <HI>Flower-de-luce,</HI> an Ounce; Gole-wort, Mallows, and Wormwood-leaves, of each a handful; Chamomil and Me|lilot-flowers,
<PB N="647" REF="324">of each half a handful; Lin&s;eed an Ounce and a half: Brui&s;e them, and boil them in whey or Milk. Then beat the Pulp thro a Sieve, and add to it of Hor&s;e-dung three Ounces; Oil of Chamomil an Ounce and a half; ro&s;ted Onyons two Ounces. Make a Catapla&s;m. Common Soap di&s;&s;olv'd in hot Milk is al&s;o very proper.</P>
<P>Take of the Mucilages of Mar&s;hmallow and Fenugrec|&s;eeds extracted with the Decoction of Figs, of each an Ounce; Goo&s;e Fat &s;ix Drams; Oil of Chamomil and Oil of white Lillies, of each half an Ounce. Mix, and add of the di&s;till'd Oil of Turpentin a Dram; &s;tinking Oil of Tartar a Scruple. Make a Liniment.</P>
<P>Take of the Plai&s;ter of Henbane two Ounces; Gum Am|moniac, di&s;&s;olv'd with a gentle Heat, an Ounce. Mix, and make a Plai&s;ter.</P>
<P>The di&s;cu&s;&s;ive Ingredients are endow'd with volatil &s;ubtil hot parts, for &s;ubduing the Acid, melting down the thicken'd Humour, and opening the Pores. Such are the Roots of Fennel, Elecampane, <HI>Flower-de-luce,</HI> Birth-wort, Pellitory of <HI>Spain</HI> and Ginger; the Leaves of Dill, Chervil, Ro&s;e|mary, Marjoram, Calamint, wild Marjoram, Lavender and Hy&s;&s;op; the Flowers of Roman Chamomil, Lavender, Ro&s;e|mary and Saffron; Juniper and Bay-berries; the Seeds of Cumin, Ani&s;e, and Caraways; all the Spices, Ca&s;tor, Sto|rax, the Spirit of Wine camphoris'd, the E&s;&s;ences of Aro|matic Plants, their di&s;till'd Oils, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> The Decoctions of &s;uch Ingredients are us'd both for Fomentation and Fumigation; Catapla&s;ms, Liniments, and Plai&s;ters are likewi&s;e in u&s;e, but Care is to be taken that no oily Ingredient &s;top the Pores of the Skin.</P>
<P>The ripening Ingredients ought to be, 1. Moi&s;t and juicy, for di&s;&s;olving the two combatant Salts that promote Sup|puration. 2. Oily and temperate; and 3. Indow'd in &s;ome mea&s;ure with a penetrating Virtue in oppo&s;ition to the fix'd Acid. Such are Mar&s;hmallow-roots, white Lillies, ro&s;t|ed Onyons and Garlic; the Emollient Seeds, Flowers, Oils, Ointments, Plai&s;ters, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P>The general Doctrine of Tumours being thus premis'd, we proceed to the De&s;cription of particular Swellings, which we ca&s;t into four Heads. 1. Tho&s;e that proceed from the Stagnation of Blood. 2. Such as are Critical. 3. Such as ari&s;e from the Depravation of the Lymph; and 4. Tho&s;e which relate to the Blood-Ve&s;&s;els.</P>
<P N="1"><PB N="648" REF="325">1. Under the fir&s;t Head we comprehend Inflammations, Blood-&s;hot and St. <HI>Antony</HI>'s Fire. Inflammations are cur'd thus: Inwardly we exhibit the &s;ame Medicines as we pre|&s;crib'd for a Pleuri&s;y; to which we add Nitre, by rea&s;on of the Feaver that accompanies 'em. Externally we fir&s;t bleed; and then endeavour to di&s;cu&s;s 'em by applying the Decoction of Sulphur in Urine, and the Plai&s;ter of <HI>Sperma Ceti,</HI> or the Juice of River-Crabs and Hor&s;e-dung; or the Spirit of Wine camphoriz'd, mix'd with gentle Diaphoretics, and the Water of <HI>Spirma Ceti<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">;</HI> or Quick-l<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">me-water with Su|gar of Lead; or the Lee of the A&s;hes of Vine-twigs mix'd with Vinegar, Nitre and Salt. If the&s;e do not &s;ucceed, we mu&s;t endeavour to bring the Swelling to a head, by apply|ing Milk, in which Ca&s;tle-&s;oap is boil'd. But if the Inflam|mation and Heat be great, we mu&s;t avoid oily fat Ingredients. If the Inflammation be &s;purious, that is, if a pituitous Hu|mour accompany the &s;tagnating Blood, we may add Ripen|ers of the &s;harper kind. Generally the Plai&s;ters of Melilot and Diachylon, &s;ofter'd with the Oil of Li<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">ies, or Ointment of &s;weet Almonds, are very proper. After the Swelling is open, apply the Bal&s;am of Sulphur and Plai&s;ter <HI>Dia&s;ulphuris,</HI> or an Ointment of Turpentin, Hony of Ro&s;es, and Bal&s;am of Peru di&s;&s;olv'd in the Yelk of an Egg. If the Ulcers are deep and hollow, inject the Decoction of Tobacco and Plan|tain, mix'd with Myrrh and Aloes, or temper'd with Lime-water and the Spirit of <HI>Venice</HI> Triacle. Some are wont to apply A&s;tringent Catapla&s;ms and Plai&s;ters in the begin|ning of an Inflammation, in order, as they fancy to hin|der the irruption of the Blood; but the Rules of Circu|lation have di&s;cover'd their Mi&s;take.</P>
<P>Blood-&s;hot is the effect of Contu&s;ions, or the Di&s;tortion of the Capillary Ve&s;&s;els. Its internal Cure is the &s;ame as that of a Pleuri&s;y. Externally we apply a &s;lice of raw Beef; or <HI>Venice</HI> Triacle mix'd with the Syrup of Elder, Sugar of Lead, and Salt of Wormwood. If the&s;e prove &s;ucce&s;sle&s;s, we mu&s;t have recour&s;e to Catapla&s;ms of the Roots of <HI>Solomon</HI>'s Seal and Comfry, bruis'd and boil'd in Wine; or to the Spirit of Wine camphoris'd and the Spi|rit of Sal Armoniac. If a nervous part be affected by the Contu&s;ion, we exhibit the Oil of Lavender inwardly, and anoint the part with the Bal&s;am of Peru mix'd with Spirit of Wine and Oil of Ca&s;tor. If the Symptom do not di&s;appear after the&s;e Applications, we mu&s;t endeavour to &s;uppurat, and after Suppuration con&s;olidate as above. But when the
<PB N="649" REF="325">Part quickly becomes black, and threatens a Gangrene, or when the Contu&s;ion is deep and reaches beyond the Cuticle, 'tis not &s;afe to &s;tay for Maturation; therefore we &s;carify it, and then apply Aromatic Decoctions, or Lime-water &s;harpen'd with the Spirit of Wine and &s;weet Mercury.</P>
<P>St. <HI>Antony</HI>'s Fire is an Inflammation incident to Scorbuti|cal Per&s;ons, and &s;eems to proceed from a &s;ubtil volatil Acid, that ferments with the volatil Salt of the Blood, and cau&s;es it to &s;tagnat. It is u&s;her'd in by &s;hivering, and attended by a notable Heat and Feaver. Its Colour is very red; when touch'd it becomes white, but quickly rea&s;&s;umes its redne&s;s; It &s;preads over the neighbouring Parts, and is apt to dege|nerat into &s;ordid Ulcers or Gangrenes. When it be&s;ets the Arms, 'tis more trouble&s;ome than in the Legs: If it &s;trike in, or &s;eize the Head, Face, Mouth, or Fundament, 'tis very dangerous. Its internal Cure is accompli&s;h'd by the Water, E&s;&s;ence, and Syrup of Elder-flowers, mix'd with the volatil Salt of Hart&s;horn, or that of Amber, Camphyr, Su|gar of Lead, Diaphoretic Antimony, Cinnabar of Anti|mony, and ab&s;orbent Pouders. Purgation before the De|clen&s;ion is ab&s;olutely pernicious; as al&s;o bleeding, unle&s;s the Di&s;ea&s;e be occa&s;ion'd by a Contu&s;ion, Fracture or Wound. Externally cold, a&s;tringent, oily and fat Ingredients are hurt|ful; the more proper Medicines are the Decoctions of Elder-flowers in which <HI>Venice</HI> Triacle and Ca&s;tle-&s;oap are di&s;&s;olv'd; the Spirit of Wine impregnated with Camphyr or Saffron; the Decoction of Myrrh, and Frankincen&s;e in Wine, mix'd with Camphyr and Saffron; the Water of <HI>Sperma Ceti,</HI> and that of Cow's Dung di&s;till'd in May; the bruis'd Leaves of Radi&s;hes applyed as Catapla&s;ms; Clouts dip'd in Hare's Blood, or the fir&s;t Flood of a Virgin's Terms; the Leaves of Ar&s;emart bruis'd and applied; the Pouders of Myrrh, Frankincen&s;e, Chalk, Sugar of Lead and Camphyr, &s;prinkl'd upon brown Paper dip'd into the Spirit of Wine impreg|nated with Saffron. To all which we may add <HI>Laudanum Opiatum,</HI> as occa&s;ion requires. The following Ointment is al&s;o much approv'd.</P>
<P>Take of the Pouder of Elder-flowers three Drams; Ce|ru&s;s a Dram and a half: With Salt of Wormwood, and <HI>Ve|nice</HI> Triacle make an Ointment. The Ointment of Sugar of Lead and Syrup of Elder, is likewi&s;e of noted Efficacy.</P>
<P>If notwith&s;tanding the&s;e Precautions, the Swelling be ulcerated, apply the Water of Quick-lime prepar'd with Elder flowers, and mix'd with the Juice of Cre&s;&s;es, Sugar of Lead and Ceru&s;s.</P>
<P N="2"><PB N="650" REF="326">2. Under the Second Head, <HI>viz.</HI> Critical Swellings, we comprehend <HI>Buboes,</HI> Swellings of the Glandules behind the Ears, the fiery Botches call'd Carbuncles; tho&s;e call'd <HI>Furun|culi, Phymata,</HI> and <HI>Phygilta;</HI> the Swellings in the Fingers call'd <HI>Paronychia,</HI> and Chilblains in the Hands and Feet.</P>
<P>A Bubo is a Swelling in the Groin or Armpits. If it lie deep, low, and flat, 'tis very dangerous. If it accompa|ny pe&s;tilential Feavers, we ought to promote its Suppu|ration, by avoiding Purgation and Bleeding; exhibiting Sudorifics; and applying externally Catapla&s;ms of the Juice of Celandine, mix'd with <HI>Venice</HI> Triacle, Soot, and roa&s;ted Onyons and Garlic; or Toads dry'd and &s;oak'd in Wine. If the Skin be thick and the Swelling ob&s;tinat, we apply a bli&s;tering Plai&s;ter, and when the Bli&s;ter is open, <HI>Sa|la</HI>'s <HI>Magnes Ar&s;enicalis,</HI> which will extract the Malignity in the form of a Cru&s;t. After this Cru&s;t is remov'd, we clean&s;e the Ulcer with a Mixture of the Bal&s;am of Sulphur, Ointment, Ba&s;ilicon and <HI>Venice</HI> Triacle. Venereal Bubo's are accounted for above.</P>
<P>The Critical Swellings behind the Ears ought to be brought to a Head when they accompany malignant Feavers, by ripening Catapla&s;ms and Plai&s;ters. To which, if the Swel|lings are very hard, we add Gum Ammoniac di&s;&s;olv'd in Vinegar, and the &s;tinking Oils of Guajacum and Tartar. When the Swelling is ripe, it ought to be open'd and cleans'd.</P>
<P>Carbuncles are very malignant Swellings, caus'd by a &s;harp, cau&s;tic, lixivious Salt &s;eparated from the Blood, which creates a bitter Heat and Pain, mortifies and blackens the Part, and occa&s;ions a cru&s;ty Ulcer, like tho&s;e that fol|low the Application of potential Cauteries. This Ulcer is &s;ometimes u&s;her'd in by little whiti&s;h or livid Pu&s;hes; and is always &s;urrounded with a red or livid Circle, according as the adjacent parts are more or le&s;s mortified. 'Tis cur'd thus: Apply the Butter of Antimony to the middle of the Ulcer, and make a Circle with it about the mortified part: So the corrupt part will fall off, and the further Progre&s;s of the Mortification be prevented. In the room of the But|ter of Antimony, &s;ome choo&s;e to apply <HI>Sala</HI>'s <HI>Magnes Ar|&s;enicalis,</HI> the Part being fir&s;t prepar'd by a bli&s;tering Plai|&s;ter. <HI>Valeriola</HI> orders it to be &s;carify'd, and then he applies the following Catapla&s;m.</P>
<P>Take of the Juices of Comfry, Scabious and Marygold, of each an Ounce; <HI>Venice</HI> Triacle three Drams; common
<PB N="651" REF="326">Salt a Dram, and two Yelks of Eggs. Mix for a Catapla&s;m: which &s;eparats the Cru&s;t, and prepares the Ulcer for being cleans'd fir&s;t by <HI>&V;nguentum Aegyptiacum,</HI> then by the Oil of Eggs, the Bal&s;am of Sulphur, and the Plai&s;ter <HI>Diachylon</HI> with Gums. In the mean while we admini&s;ter internally Antimonial Sudorifics mix'd with Acids.</P>
<P>The Swellings call'd <HI>Furunculi</HI> are the red, hot, pointed Botches appearing in glandulous parts. They are cur'd by promoting Suppuration, and avoiding Repellents; as like|wi&s;e tho&s;e call'd <HI>Phymata,</HI> which are round glandulous Swel|lings, flat in the lower part, and pointed like a Plant in the upper. Tho&s;e &s;tyl'd <HI>Phygeltons</HI> are hard glandulous Swel|lings re&s;embling a Mu&s;hroom adhering to a Tree. They are cur'd by applying di&s;cu&s;&s;ing Medicines mix'd with &s;oft|ning and anodyn Ingredients.</P>
<P>The Swelling call'd <HI>Paronychia</HI> is a painful Tumor of the Joints of the Fingers, &s;ometimes fix'd, &s;ometimes wandring from one Joint to another. The Cau&s;e is a &s;harp corro&s;ive Humour collected about the roots of the Nails, where it gnaws the <HI>Perio&s;tium</HI> and Tendons, and &s;o cau&s;es Inflammations, Im|po&s;thums, and &s;ometimes Gangrenes. For Cure, we admi|ni&s;ter Mercurial Purges, and apply the Spirit of Earth|worms, Bal&s;am of Sulphur and the Plai&s;ter <HI>Diachylon;</HI> or a Liniment of Earwax, Sugar of Lead, and the expre&s;s'd Oil of Filberts. Some order the Finger to be put in|to a new-laid Egg while 'tis hot, or into a Dunghil, and held &s;o for &s;ome time. Sometimes 'tis nece&s;&s;ary to lay the Swelling open, and then apply to it <HI>Venice</HI> Triacle di&s;&s;olv'd in Wine. And for a defen&s;ive to the whole Hand, a Liniment of the Ointments <HI>Populeum</HI> and <HI>Album Camphoratum</HI> mix'd with Opium and <HI>Venice</HI> Triacle.</P>
<P>The Chilblains or Kibes are whiti&s;h Swellings in the Hands and Feet, apt to become blewi&s;h, and &s;ometimes to ulcerat. They are generally occa&s;ion'd by Cold, and are cur'd or prevented by applying Rock-Oil, or the di&s;till'd Oil of the Pine-tree, or the di&s;till'd Oil of Turpentine mix'd with the expre&s;s'd Oil of Rapes. Some order the part to be rub'd Morning and Evening with Ice or cold Snow, and to be wa&s;h'd with the Decoction of frozen Rapes; or with the Spirit of Wine camphoris'd, or impregnated with Straw|berries or Saffron. If the parts are much injur'd, we ap|ply Catapla&s;ms of Ye&s;t, di&s;till'd Vinegar, and Sulphur of Antimony. If the Kibes are ulcerated, we apply a Lini|ment expre&s;s'd from a Rape, excavated and fill'd with the
<PB N="652" REF="327">Oil of St. <HI>John</HI>'s-wort, and &s;o roa&s;ted; or &s;prinkle 'em with the Pouder of Man's Dung, and then anoint 'em with an Ointment of fre&s;h Juniper-berries and boil'd Butter; or of the Mucilage of Quinces, extracted with Night&s;hade-water, and mix'd with prepar'd Tutty.</P>
<P N="3">3. The Tumours next in order are &s;uch as proceed from the Di&s;orders of the Lymph. Such are the &s;erous, watry, &s;oft, painle&s;s Swellings, that receive no impre&s;&s;ion by the pre&s;&s;ure of one's Finger, and if look'd upon &s;ideways, &s;eem to be pellucid. They proceed from the Ob&s;truction of the Lymph, and are cur'd internally by admini&s;tring Diuretics, and the Decocti|ons of &s;udorific Woods; externally by applying Lime-wa|ter impregnated with Spirit of Wine, and Catapla&s;ms of Cow's Dung, Cumin-&s;eeds and Lye; or the Plai&s;ter of Bay-berries mix'd with Goat's Dung and Hony.</P>
<P>If the Lymph be vi&s;cid, it occa&s;ions a &s;oft, white, pain|le&s;s Swelling that retains Pits by the pre&s;&s;ure of one's Fin|ger, and is call'd an <HI>Oedema,</HI> which generally accompanies Chronical Di&s;tempers: For the internal Cure we pre|&s;cribe &s;tomachical and aromatic Medicines, and whatever corrects the Crudities of the Chyle, that are ju&s;tly account|ed the Cau&s;es of vi&s;cid Lymph. Externally we apply Di&s;|cu&s;&s;ives, for 'tis in vain to attempt Suppuration. As,</P>
<P>Take of the Leaves of Tamarisk, Ro&s;emary and Rue, of each a handful: boil them in Wine till they become &s;oft; then add of the Meal of Vetches and Bran, of each three Ounces; Cow's Dung four Ounces; Duck's Fat an Ounce and a half; Hony four Ounces. Make a Catapla&s;m. If <HI>Oedema's</HI> happen in the declen&s;ions of Feavers, Catapla&s;ms of the Herb <HI>Robert</HI> or of Celandin bruisd with Wormwood are very proper. Some fumigate the Parts with Amber and Vinegar upon red hot &s;tones, and apply the Plai&s;ter of Bay|berries mix'd with di&s;till'd Oil of Amber, renewing it twice a day. Ro&s;emary-leaves and Juniper berries boild in Lye for a wa&s;h for the Feet, or Bay-berries boil'd in Lime-wa|ter and the Lee of Vine-twigs to be apply'd with a Spunge, are much approv'd. If the Swelling be hard, a Catapla&s;m of Goats Dung and Man's Urine is very proper.</P>
<P>If the vi&s;cid Lymph be fix'd by an Acid, and &s;tagnat in glandulous parts, it creats &s;crophulous Swellings call'd the King's Evil, &s;ome of which are hard, &s;ome &s;oft, &s;ome loo&s;e and moveable, others immoveable; &s;ome painle&s;s, and others very painful and &s;hooting, as being near akin to Can|cers. The&s;e Tumours we endeavour to di&s;cu&s;s by applying
<PB N="653" REF="327">Catapla&s;ms of the Leaves and Roots of wild Cucumbers with Goat's-Dung, and the Plai&s;ter <HI>de Ranis</HI> with Mercury; or Gum Caran mixt with Mercury and Turpentin; and anointing with <HI>Helmont</HI>'s di&s;till'd Oil. In their Infancy the Fat of Vipers is al&s;o very proper. If they cannot be di&s;|cu&s;s'd, we mu&s;t endeavour to bring 'em to maturity by ap|plying the Plai&s;ter of Melilot mix'd with the Oil of &s;weet Almonds and Fat of Snakes; or <HI>Platerus</HI>'s Plai&s;ter of Tobacco, or <HI>Sala</HI>'s Magnetic Plai&s;ter mix'd with <HI>Dia&s;ulphuris.</HI> When they are ripe, we ought not to open 'em, but leave 'em to their natural lei&s;ure, that &s;o the better part of the Glandule may be di&s;&s;olv'd into <HI>Pus.</HI> After they're broke, we apply the common Dige&s;tives mix'd with precipitat Mercury well wa&s;h'd. If the Swellings are loo&s;e and pendulous, we tie 'em with a Hor&s;e-hair, and &s;o by degrees force their &s;e|paration. If they're inclos'd in proper Tunicles, 'twill be needful to extirpate the whole Membrane by the hand of a Surgeon.</P>
<P>The internal Cure of the King's Evil is compa&s;s'd by purging with &s;weet Mercury, and black Hellebor, and admi|ni&s;tring the Decoction of Swallow-wort, Pile-wort, Drop|wort and Broom, or the following ab&s;orbent Pouder. Take of burnt Sea-&s;punge three Ounces; Bone of the Cuttle|fi&s;h, Jaw bone of a Pike, prepar'd Crabs-eyes, long Peper, white Ginger, Roots of Pellitory of <HI>Spain,</HI> Galls, and cal|cin'd Egg-&s;hells, of each an Ounce. Make a Pouder. Do&s;e half a Dram to be given with a convenient quantity of <HI>Ar|canum Duplicatum.</HI> The Pouder of Lizards with Hony in the Form of an Electuary is al&s;o of excellent u&s;e.</P>
<P>Next to the Kings Evil are Schirrus's which are hard, im|moveable Tumors in &s;oft fle&s;hy parts, both internal and ex|ternal. They proceed from the Coagulation of Blood, as when they follow Inflammations, or from the &s;tagnation of crude Chyle, either in company with the Blood or in any other Vehicle. For the mo&s;t part the&s;e Tumours are free of Pain: if they happen to be very painful and livid, they are of a &s;purious race, and apt to degenerat into Cancers. For Cure, we endeavour to di&s;cu&s;s a Schirrus by applying Cow's Dung boil'd in Vinegar, or the &s;tinking Oil of Tartar, and that of Earthworms mix'd with Spirit of Wine; or Catapla&s;ms of Briony-roots, Goats-Dung, Lye and Soap. If the&s;e be in&s;uffici|ent, we mu&s;t have recour&s;e to the Gums, e&s;pecially Gum Am|moniac and the Plai&s;ter of Hemlock with Mercury, or a Plate of Lead applied to the part. If the Tumour cannot be di&s;|cu&s;s'd,
<PB N="654" REF="328">we mu&s;t bring it to a Head with ripening Ingredi|ents; but withal take care that they be not too violent, le&s;t it degenerat into a Cancer.</P>
<P>A Cancer for the mo&s;t part is the Con&s;equent of &s;chirrous and &s;crophulous Tumours, and frequently invades the Brea&s;ts and glandulous places. If it come by it &s;elf, it appears fir&s;t as a Tumour no bigger than a Bean, and by degrees increa|&s;es, becomes hard, black, livid, and mole&s;ted with &s;hooting pains. Afterwards it fe&s;ters, &s;tinks, and corrodes the adjacent parts, being &s;urrounded with Veins &s;woln with black Blood. The immediat Cau&s;e is a volatil corro&s;ive Acid, which if it be not &s;upplied with fre&s;h Recruits may lie hid in the part a long time before it fe&s;ter, and then we call it an occult Can|cer. But as &s;oon as it becomes an Ulcer, 'tis ju&s;tly intitl'd a manife&s;t one. If a Cancer proceed from internal Cau&s;es: If the whole Ma&s;s of Blood, and the Bowels are tainted: If the Tumour lie very deep or near to large Ve&s;&s;els: If the pain be violent, and frequent Bleedings en&s;ue, 'tis a dangerous ca&s;e. If a Cancer be occult, it ought not to be tamper'd with, nor is it &s;afe to apply any thing except &s;ome very temperat Alcalies; &s;uch as the Juice of Night&s;hade bea|ten in a leaden Mortar, the Juice of the Prick-thi&s;tle call'd <HI>Onophordon,</HI> the Pulp of rotten Apples, or Quick-lime-water prepar'd with the Water of rotten Apples, the Juice of River-Crabs and Man's Dung. Sugar of Lead, and all Preparations from Lead are of excellent u&s;e; e&s;pecially a Plate of Lead cover'd with Quick-&s;ilver. Ointments and Cerecloths of burnt Lead, mix'd with the Oil of Ro&s;es, Oil of Frogs, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> are al&s;o recommended; but all oily things ought to be cautiou&s;ly us'd. In the mean while 'twill be proper to exhibit internally ab&s;orbent Anti-acid Pouders follow'd by Purges of black Hellebor and &s;weet Mercury. After which the Sugar of Lead, the Tincture of Antimony tartaris'd, the volatil Spirit of Tartar, the Decoction of River-Crabs in Milk; and above all, the Pouder of Wood-lice mix'd with Crabs-eyes, are us'd with notable &s;ucce&s;s: &s;ometimes I&s;&s;ues are u&s;eful. As for manife&s;t Cancers, we &s;hall have occa&s;ion to take notice of 'em afterwards under the Head of <HI>&V;lcers.</HI></P>
<P>The Acidity of the Lymph &s;tands al&s;o charg'd, as being the Cau&s;e of the Gummy Tumors that grow upon the Bones in the French Pox: For 'tis the vicious Acid that per|verts the natural Nouri&s;hment of the Bones, and occa&s;ions its degeneracy into a preternatural Swelling. They are cur'd internally by the &s;udorific Decoctions, or by a Saliva|tion
<PB N="655" REF="328">with Mercury interlac'd with Preparations of Steel and Vipers. Externally we apply the di&s;&s;olving Gums, with the di&s;till'd Oil of Guajacum and Mercury, or a Plate of Lead cover'd with Quick-&s;ilver, or Quick-&s;ilver congeal'd by the Fumes of Lead. For mitigating the pain we may add Opium to all &s;uch Compo&s;itions.</P>
<P>The occa&s;ional Depravation of the nouri&s;hment of the &s;e|veral parts of the Body will al&s;o cau&s;e &s;everal &s;orts of Tu|mours. As upon broken Bones a <HI>Callus;</HI> upon tendonous places a <HI>Ganglion,</HI> and upon fle&s;hy parts fle&s;hy <HI>Excre&s;cences.</HI> The fir&s;t two are di&s;cu&s;s'd by applying a Plate of Lead with Mercury, or the &s;tinking Oil of Tartar with Ca&s;tle-Soap, or the Spirit of Wine with the Juice of Rue; or in ob&s;ti|nat Ca&s;es, the Plai&s;ter <HI>de Ranis</HI> with Mercury. Fle&s;hy Ex|cre&s;cences, unle&s;s they adhere to the Nerves or Arteries, ought to be cut off, and the Root eaten away by the Butter of Antimony and <HI>&V;nguentum Aegyptiacum.</HI></P>
<P>Some Excre&s;cences are inclo&s;ed within their own proper Membrans, and contain peculiar Humors, &s;ometimes like Hony, &s;ometimes like Pap, and in other Ca&s;es like Soap or Fat. The Cau&s;e of &s;uch Excre&s;cences is the di&s;tortion and enlargement of the Fibres, occa&s;ioning a large acce&s;&s;ion of Juice which di&s;tends and adds to the Growth of the mi&s;|plac'd Fibres, till by &s;hooting out new Tendrels, they join one another in the Form of a Concave Membrane, con|taining the &s;tagnating Juice variou&s;ly alter'd according to the different occa&s;ions. They frequently happen about the Head and Neck, and &s;hare the common Fate of &s;ome nervous Swellings, in being liable to alterations from the Moon. For Cure; if they are recent, we may attempt to di&s;cu&s;s 'em with Gum Ammoniac, Bal&s;am of Peru, Sulphur, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> If they cannot be di&s;cu&s;s'd, we ply 'em with &s;harp &s;uppu|rating Ingredients; &s;uch as Gum Ammoniac, Pellitory of <HI>Spain,</HI> Euphorbium, and Oil of Amber. When the Tu|mors are thus ripen'd, we open 'em with a Launce, and apply a Cau&s;tic of the Ointment <HI>Aegyptiacum,</HI> the dulcify'd Earth of Vitriol and Salt, for extirpating the Membrans; But if the Excre&s;cence be hard and &s;tubborn, 'twill be need|ful to &s;et a&s;ide all di&s;cu&s;&s;ing or &s;uppurating Ingredients, and cut up the skin cro&s;s-ways &s;o as not to touch the Membran; then &s;eparat the one from the other, and cut out the Mem|bran with the inclo&s;ed Tumor by the Root: and after all, &s;top the bleeding and clean&s;e the Ulcer, as in other ca&s;es.</P>
<P>Sometimes when the nervous Fibres in the Skin are tore
<PB N="658" REF="329">or corroded, they throw out their nutritious Juice which &s;ettles into <HI>Warts;</HI> and in the Toes of the Feet, where the nutritious Juice of the Bones is &s;queez'd out, into hard Corns. Some of the&s;e Warts and Corns are fix'd &s;o deep into the Tendons, that they cannot be extirpated without incurring the danger of Inflammations, Convul&s;ions or Gangrenes. But others are only &s;uperficial and ea&s;ily remov'd. Warts are extirpated by applying the Juice of Celandine, or the A&s;hes of Briony mix'd with its Juice, or the Juice of Spurge, &s;carifying the part gently before Application. Some com|mend an Ointment of Hony with the Spirit of Sulphur, and the Solution of Sal Armoniac in Water, or the Juice that Snails ca&s;t forth when rub'd with Salt; but the be&s;t method of rooting them out, is to touch 'em with Butter of Anti|mony or <HI>Aqua fortis,</HI> or rather to burn them out with a hot Iron. If they are pendulous and hang by a &s;mall Root, a thread of Silk ty'd about the Root will cut off their nou|ri&s;hment, and make 'em fall off. As for the venereal Warts that generally invade the Genitals, we apply the Solution of &s;ublimat Mercury and Allum in Plantain-water.</P>
<P>As for <HI>Corns,</HI> we order the Feet to be wa&s;h'd, and the thick Skin to be &s;crap'd off; then we apply Galbanum or Gum Ammoniac, or the Plai&s;ter of Hemlock with Mercury &s;often'd in the Oil of Bricks. Some recommend pieces of raw Beef, or Onions mix'd with Soap in the form of a Ca|tapla&s;m. If the&s;e prove &s;ucce&s;sle&s;s, we apply <HI>Aqua fortis,</HI> or Butter of Antimony mix'd with Hony, taking care to defend the neighbouring parts, and take off the <HI>E&s;chara</HI> with the Plai&s;ter <HI>Diachylon</HI> with Gums. But if the Corns lie deep, and be fix'd in the Tendons, 'tis dangerous to ap|ply Cau&s;tics, or to cut them with a Knife; tho in other Ca&s;es, &s;uch Operations may &s;ucceed.</P>
<P>Sometimes we meet with &s;pungy Swellings about the Joints, that proceed from the nutritious Juice of the Mem|brans mix'd with the glutinous Matter that bedews the Joints. The be&s;t way of curing 'em (if &s;o be they admit of a Cure) is to throw a&s;tringent Pouders upon 'em; &s;uch as the Sugar of Lead, Vitriol, Calaminar Stone, and &s;ome|times precipitat Mercury. Stronger Cau&s;tics, or Emollient Ointments, or manual Section, are for the mo&s;t part very dangerous, by rea&s;on of their tendency to Cancers.</P>
<P N="4">4. The fourth <HI>Cla&s;s</HI> was allotted for the Tumours of the Blood-Ve&s;&s;els, which are of two &s;orts; 1. Tho&s;e of the Arteries call'd <HI>Aneuri&s;ma's.</HI> 2. Tho&s;e of the Veins
<PB N="657" REF="329" MS="y">call'd <HI>Varix's.</HI> The former are occa&s;ion'd by cutting the Artery in Blood-letting; or relaxating its Coats by violent Motion, Crying, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> or by the Corro&s;ion of &s;ome inter|nal Cau&s;e; all which are apt to occa&s;ion a Collection of Blood about the injur'd part of the Artery, and con&s;equent|ly a Tumor. The Signs are a Swelling ri&s;ing gradually ac|cording to the Pul&s;ation of the Artery; if the Artery lie near the Skin, its Color is reddi&s;h; when the Swelling is pre&s;s'd by ones Finger, it &s;inks and di&s;appears, without it be inveterate. 'Tis cur'd by opening a Vein in the oppo&s;ite part of the Body, avoiding all oily fat things, and applying Bole Armenic, Frankincen&s;e, Earth of Vitriol, Dragon's Blood, and <HI>Laudanum Opiatum,</HI> with a Plate of Lead and a &s;trong Ligature. In <HI>France</HI> they follow a new Method; as for example in the Arm, they &s;queeze the &s;uperiour part of the Artery &s;o clo&s;e, that no Pul&s;e is perceiv'd; then they open the Tumor with a Launce, and remove the con|geal'd Blood. Having di&s;cover'd the Wound of the Artery, they apply to it a little ball of Vitriol wrap'd up in Cotton, and the Pouders of Sarcocol, Frankincen&s;e, and Pine-tree-Ro&s;in with Tow, and above all Bol&s;ters cover'd with the common Dige&s;tive, and ty'd down with a &s;trong Ligature. The upper Bol&s;ters are renew'd every day; but the Ball of Vitriol which is no bigger than a Pea, and which is in&s;en|&s;ibly di&s;&s;olv'd by the Blood that &s;oaks thro the Cotton, is &s;uffer'd to continue till it fall off.</P>
<P>The immediate Cau&s;e of a <HI>Varix</HI> is the Relaxation and Di&s;tention of the &s;ofter Fibres of the Veins. The remote Cau&s;es are the thickne&s;s of the Blood, or the Compre&s;&s;ion of corre&s;ponding Veins, as when the Iliac Ve&s;&s;els being &s;traiten'd by big Bellies, occa&s;ion a <HI>Varix</HI> in the Veins of the Legs. The Diagno&s;tics are the Turgidity, and blewi&s;h Blackne&s;s of the Veins. It &s;eldom requires a Cure unle&s;s it be painful or threaten a Rupture, Ulcer or Gangrene. If it be very painful, we apply the Ointment <HI>Populeum,</HI> with Mucilages of Flea-wort and Fenugrec-&s;eeds, the Oil of Chamomil and Flower of Beans. If they are ulcerated, apply the Plai&s;ter of Frog's Spawn with Hart&s;horn, Fran|kincen&s;e and &s;weet Mercury. If the Tumor be very high, and apt to break, open it with a golden or &s;ilver Needle, and apply a Plate of Lead, or foment with a Spunge &s;oak'd in the Decoction of Allum, Salt, and the Fruit of <HI>Acacia</HI> in Vinegar; or apply a Catapla&s;m of the Flower of <HI>Lupins,</HI> dry'd Goat's Dung, and Vinegar in which a hot Iron has
<PB N="658" REF="330">been five times extingui&s;h'd; remembring &s;till, to tie a &s;trong Ligature about the part. If the <HI>Varix</HI> is open and bleeds exce&s;&s;ively, apply the Pouder of Hog's Dung, or Clouts dip'd in the Solution of Steel and Allum. In the mean while we ought to take care that the Ligatures do not hinder the Circulation of the Blood, and exhibit inwardly attenuating Sudorific Decoctions.</P>
</DIV3>
<DIV3 N="2" TYPE="chapter">
<HEAD>CHAP. II. <HI>Of Wounds.</HI></HEAD>
<P>THE Nouri&s;hment of wounded parts, and the Blood which flows from 'em, being corrupted by the external Air, become acid, corrode the nervous Fibres, extingui&s;h the innate Spirit, and produce all the tragical Con&s;equents of Wounds.</P>
<P>The Wounds of internal parts are di&s;cover'd by the lame performance of their re&s;pective Offices, or by the alteration of Excrements voided by 'em. Wounds of &s;anguine parts ought to be carefully di&s;tingui&s;h'd from tho&s;e of the Nerves or Membrans; as al&s;o the Curable from the Incurable; &s;ome of which are mortal, &s;ome not. The mortal are &s;aid to be &s;uch, either when an internal Bowel e&s;&s;ential to Life is di&s;abled, or when the Blood, Spirits, or Vital Juices are too copiou&s;ly evacuated, or thrown upon &s;ome Cavity from which they cannot be retriev'd.</P>
<P>Thus the Wounds of the Heart are not always mortal, without they reach into the Cavities, e&s;pecially the left: but tho&s;e of the Lungs, <HI>Bronchia</HI> and Windpipe; of the Middrif, e&s;pecially its tendonous part; of the internal &s;ide of the Guller and Orifices of the Stomac; of the Guts (excepting that part of the &s;treight Gut which may be reach'd from without) of the Caul, Sweetbread, and Liver (e&s;pecially if they reach the large Ve&s;&s;els) of the Gall, Bladder, and Branches of the choleric Pa&s;&s;age; of the Spleen, which is full of Arterious Blood; of the Conduit of the Brea&s;t, the Na|vel-&s;tring, Kidneys, and the Neck of the Bladder; of the Womb while the Woman is with Child; of the <HI>Medulla</HI> of the Brain, interco&s;tal Nerve, <HI>Cerebellum,</HI> and Marrow of the Back|bone, betwixt the <HI>Vertebrae</HI> of the Neck, and tho&s;e of the Back: the&s;e I &s;ay are all mortal. Tho&s;e of the Me&s;entery are curable if the large Ve&s;&s;els be &s;afe: as likewi&s;e tho&s;e of the cortical part of the Brain, of the temporal Mu&s;cles, of
<PB N="659" REF="330">the bottom and mu&s;cular part of the Bladder, and the in|feriour part of the &s;pinal Marrow, if it be not cut acro<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">s.</P>
<P>A Surgeon's Duty with reference to Wounds is to re|move the corrupt Blood and Juice that hinders Coalition, to join the divided parts, and apply &s;uch vulnerary balmy Ingredients, as pre&s;erve their nutritious Juice from Corrup|tion. Now for &s;o much as the natural Temperature of the nutritious Juice con&s;i&s;ts in a temperat oily volatil Salt, &s;ur|rounded with a Dewy Vehicle, and con&s;equently its Degene|racy is ju&s;tly call'd <HI>Acidity;</HI> we ought therefore to keep the Wound &s;afe from the Injury of the Air, which has a notable Virtue of creating Acids, and to untye or open it as &s;el|dom as ever we can. Some Surgeons being more amus'd with the Effect than the Cau&s;e, choo&s;e rather to provide for the removal of the Gore and Filth, than be &s;o nice in ex|po&s;ing the Wound to the Air. But as their Practice is un|accountable, &s;o it ought not to be look'd upon as a Prece|dent. The Surgeon's Breath, e&s;pecially that of drunken Per&s;ons or Women in their Terms, is likewi&s;e prejudicial to a Wound; and therefore ought to be avoided as well as the Influence of the Moon, which &s;tupifies and benums whatever is expos'd to it, as appears by gathering its Rays with a Convex Gla&s;s.</P>
<P>Thus the Corruption of the natural Juice is prevented by applying temperat, volatil, balmy, &s;aline Medicines, &s;uch as the Bal&s;am of Peru, Turpentin, Oil of St. <HI>John</HI>'s wort, Bal&s;am of Sulphur, and e&s;pecially <HI>Paracel&s;us</HI>'s Bal&s;am of Samech prepar'd from the Salt of Tartar volatiliz'd by the Spirit of Wine. The common expre&s;s'd Oils without they be further prepar'd are pernicious, by rea&s;on of their latent Acid; as al&s;o all &s;harp volatil Salts, becau&s;e they increa&s;e the Pain, melt down and con&s;ume the Nouri&s;hment of the Part, and hinder Con&s;olidation. But above all, let <HI>Acids</HI> be &s;trictly prohibited. In the mean while we admini&s;ter in|ternally Medicines prepar'd from the vulnerary Plants, Dog's Dung, Earthworms, burnt River-Crabs, and the Blood of Goats. Crabs-eyes mix'd with Wine are al&s;o of good u&s;e; for they qualify and correct the Acid of the Wine, which of it &s;elf is highly pernicious. Nay the chief Virtue of all vulnerary Ingredients is that of &s;ubduing an Acid; thus Mercury fix'd by Acids is reviv'd by boiling in the Juices of vulnerary Plants.</P>
<P>Some are wont to apply Dige&s;tive &s;uppurating Ingredi|ents to all Wounds; but if the Wound be free of Contu&s;i|on,
<PB N="660" REF="331">and no heterogeneous Sub&s;tance be lodg'd in it, they are noxious, as cau&s;ing a needle&s;s Afflux of Matter, and con|verting the Wound into an Ulcer. 'Tis true that Wounds receiv'd by a Pi&s;tol, which generally carry Contu&s;ion along with them, or tho&s;e of the Head which require to be kept open for &s;ome time, or &s;uch as are already ulcerated, require Dige&s;tives. Such are Turpentin, the Yelk of an Egg, Myrrh, Bal&s;am of Peru, Oil of Ro&s;es, Camphyr, Hony, and in a word, all oily Alcalies, to which we add Ab&s;orbent Pou|ders, as Chalk, Lead, Copper, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> After Dige&s;tion we add &s;ome &s;harper Ingredients for clean&s;ing the Ulcer.</P>
<P>The remaining part of a Surgeon's Office is to take out the heterogeneous Sub&s;tance, if any &s;uch there be; and to join the divided parts either by convenient Ligatures, or &s;ew|ing 'em together. The heterogeneous Sub&s;tance is extracted by proper In&s;truments, or by applying the fat of Hares with Amber and living Crabs, or the dry'd Tongue of a Fox &s;oak'd in Wine, or a Plai&s;ter of Hony, Ye&s;t, and Mi&s;&s;eltoe of the Oak: and admini&s;tring in the mean while the vul|nerary Decoctions, &s;uch as that of Dittany with Crabs-eyes. For joining the &s;ides of the Wound, we u&s;e a Fillet of two ends meeting in one Body, which joint Body we apply to the part oppo&s;ite to the Wound, and bring the two ends acro&s;s upon it, &s;o as to join its Lips. The&s;e Fillets will &s;erve for joining &s;imple Wounds that run along with the length of the Fibres; but for large ones that come acro&s;s the Fibres, or the Joints, or when any part is almo&s;t cut off to a very Point, then 'twill be needful to few up the Part with a Needle and Thread. But we ought to take care not to at|tempt &s;ewing up a nervous Part, for fear of inlarging the Pain or pricking a Nerve; as al&s;o when we few, not to bring the &s;ides of the Wound, too clo&s;e, becau&s;e they are apt to &s;well; and be&s;ides, the purulent matter, if it have not a &s;ufficient Vent left, will recoil, and create hidden Ulcers, or corrode the Bones.</P>
<P>Wounds that come by Pricks rather than Cuts are plied with Tents, which provide for the Incarnation of the re|mote bottom of the Wound, before its &s;urface be cover'd with Fle&s;h. But in applying Tents we ought to ob&s;erve the&s;e Cautions; 1. They mu&s;t not be too long apply'd, becau&s;e they retard Con&s;olidation. 2. In nervous parts they ought not to be long or hard for fear of irritation. 3. They ought not to be too large for fear of rubbing off the Gore which cements the &s;ides of the Wound, or hurting the
<PB N="661" REF="331">growing tender Fle&s;h, and denying Reception to the puru|lent matter. When the Wound is a clo&s;ing we ought not to be too liberal in applying a&s;tringent Pouders, becau&s;e they &s;traiten the Pores, harden the Fibres, and &s;o occa&s;ion a Scar or Roughne&s;s, e&s;pecially in adult Per&s;ons, who&s;e nutritious cementing Juice is not &s;o balmy as that of young People. To prevent &s;uch Deformities, let the Fat of a Graylin be frequently drop'd into the Wound when it begins to con&s;o|lidate. 'Tis true, that moderat A&s;tringents are u&s;eful for drying up the thin &s;erous Humor that accompanies the nu|tritious Juice of the part, cramps its cementing Faculty, and renders the part flaccid, &s;oft, and overgrown with luxuriant Fle&s;h. But in &s;imple Wounds, where there is no lo&s;s of Sub&s;tance, they are not &s;o very nece&s;&s;ary.</P>
<P>To conclude, we may ju&s;tly infer from the foregoing Premi&s;es, that vulnerary Medicines are enrich'd with a tem|perat volatil oily Salt, and a gentle a&s;tringent Force, as be|ing &s;uch as do not of them&s;elves create new Fle&s;h, but only pre&s;erve the natural &s;tate of the nutritious balmy Juice, which alone is able to con&s;olidate and repair the lo&s;s. They are pre&s;crib'd in the&s;e or the like Forms. Fir&s;t, Internally,</P>
<P>Take of River-Crabs, in number twelve; Comfry|roots an Ounce; Leaves of Buglo&s;s and Ground-Ivy, and Tops of St. <HI>John</HI>'s-wort, of each a handful: Boil them in Water and Wine, and &s;weeten the &s;train'd Decoction with the Syrup of Ground-Ivy; and if a nervous part be wounded, add Oil of Amber. Do&s;e, &s;ix Ounces twice a day. Note 1. The &s;imple vulnerary Medicines are be&s;t. Therefore Crabs-eyes and Diaphoretic Antimony; in Fea|vers Antimonial Nitre, and in nervous Wounds the Oil or Spirit of Amber, are &s;ufficient for internal u&s;e. Note 2. When any heterogeneous Matter is lodg'd within the Wound, or when 'tis very foul, we add to &s;uch Decoctions, Savin, Mugwort, Speedwel, Agrimony, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> and when the Wound is &s;ufficiently cleans'd, leave 'em out.</P>
<P>Secondly, Vulnerary Medicines are pre&s;crib'd for Injecti|ons: As, Take of the Herbs Speedwel, Winter-green, Sanicle and Tobacco leaves, of each two handfuls; Dog's Dung four Ounces. Boil them in Water. Add to the &s;train'd Liquor Spirit of Wine with Hony, and wa&s;h the Wound with the Mixture.</P>
<P>Thirdly, They're pre&s;crib'd in the Forms of Oils or Bal|&s;ams to be drop'd into the Wound; of which the Oil of St. <HI>John</HI>'s wore, Bal&s;am of Sulphur, or that of Pe|ru,
<PB N="662" REF="332">and e&s;pecially <HI>Capaivi,</HI> are infinitely the be&s;t.</P>
<P>Fourthly, Ointments: As, Take of Benzoin an Ounce; Spirit of Wine an Ounce and a half; Ma&s;tic a Dram; of the black Bal&s;am, half an Ounce. Make a Liniment. Or, Take of Ear-wax two Drams; Sugar of Lead two Drams: With the expre&s;s'd Oil of Walnuts make an Ointment. Note 1. Ear-wax is of peculiar u&s;e for Wounds of nervous parts. 2. Spirit of Wine not over-rectify'd is of admirable Effica|cy for preventing Corruption and Con&s;olidating. Hence <HI>Venice</HI> Triacle mix'd with it and applied to the Wound is much approv'd.</P>
<P>Fifthly, Plai&s;ters; of which <HI>Paracel&s;us</HI>'s Oppodeldoch, and <HI>Crollius</HI>'s Styptic Plai&s;ter are the be&s;t.</P>
<P>Some pretend to cure Wounds by Sympathy; as by mixing the Blood of the Wound with the Vitriol of Cop|per calcin'd by the Sun; or by applying Ar&s;mart to the Wound, it being fir&s;t dip'd in cold Water, and then remov|ing it from the Wound while 'tis hot, and burying it in a Dunghil. But the Colcothar of Vitriol wa&s;h'd and di&s;&s;olv'd, infus'd or boil'd in Wine for wa&s;hing the Wound, is cer|tainly a u&s;eful Medicine.</P>
<P>The general Cure of Wounds being thus premis'd, we come next to con&s;ider &s;ome particular &s;orts; as 1. Brui&s;es, or tho&s;e which partake of Contu&s;ion. If the Contu&s;ion be very con&s;iderable, 'twill be needful to &s;carify the Wound; if not, the common Dige&s;tives and &s;uppurating Medicines will &s;ufficiently clean&s;e it; to which we may add the Oil of Wax, expre&s;s'd Oil of St. <HI>John</HI>'s-wort, and the Plai&s;ter of Cummin. Towards the end of the Cure, we may ap|ply the Spirit of Sal Armoniac, di&s;till'd with Quick-lime. &mdash;Of this Nature are the Wounds receiv'd from Guns; for &s;o much as Bullets tear and brui&s;e wherever they come, in curing them we ought fir&s;t to promote Suppuration by applying Tents dip'd in Spirit of Wine, and cover'd with the following Liniment.</P>
<P>Take of the Oil of White Lillies four Pound; boil two Puppies in it till their Bones be di&s;&s;olv'd; then add of Earth-worms boil'd in Wine a Pound. Boil them together, and when the Liquor is &s;train'd, add <HI>Venice</HI> Turpentin three Gunces, Spirit of Wine an Ounce and a half. Make a Liniment. After Suppuration is obtain'd, let the Wound be cleans'd with the following Ointment.</P>
<P>Take of <HI>Venice</HI> Turpentin five Ounces; Oil of Ro&s;es an Ounce; Hony of Ro&s;es &s;train'd three Ounces; Myrrh,
<PB N="663" REF="332">Aloes, Ma&s;tic, and round-rooted Birth-wort, of each half a Dram; Flower of Barly three or four Drams. Make an Ointment to be &s;prinkled with Spirit of Wine. If the Part be much corrupted, we may add precipitat Mercury. If the Bones be &s;eiz'd with Aches after they're cur'd (as it &s;ome|times happens in the&s;e Wounds) anoint 'em with the Oil of Turpentin. If when the Wound was receiv'd, the Gun was very near the Per&s;on, the wounded part will be like|wi&s;e burnt; in which ca&s;e Quick-lime-water with the Juice of River-Crabs and Phlegm of Allum is very u&s;eful.</P>
<P N="2">2. Malignant and venomous Wounds. The Cau&s;es are a poi&s;oned In&s;trument, or the biting of an angry or mad Animal. The Symptoms are an unaccountable Pain, &s;udden blewne&s;s or blackne&s;s of the Part, and its tendency to a Gan|grene; difficulty of Breathing, cold Sweats, Swoonings, Headaches, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> If the Wound be deep, it mu&s;t be &s;cari|fy'd, and <HI>Venice</HI> Triacle with Spirit of Wine applied to it. If it was caus'd by the biting of a Viper, apply a living Toad bruis'd, or the Pouder of a dry'd Toad in Vinegar, and touch the part with a hot Iron, but &s;o as not to burn it, and exhibit Urine to drink. For the Bites of mad Dogs, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> apply the Stone of an Indian Serpent, or in want of that, <HI>Sala</HI>'s Magnetic Plai&s;ter mix'd with the Pouder of River-Crabs; or a Catapla&s;m of Onyons, Garlic, <HI>Venice</HI> Triacle, and Ye&s;t. After the Poi&s;on is extracted, we apply Dige&s;tives as above. Wounds receiv'd by poy&s;oned Darts, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> are cur'd after the &s;ame manner. In the mean while we admi|ni&s;ter internally <HI>Venice</HI> Triacle, Diaphoretic Antimony, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> with di&s;till'd Vinegar.</P>
<P N="3">3. Wounds of Veins and Arteries. In which the mo&s;t pre&s;&s;ing Indication is to &s;top the Bleeding: For this end we apply &s;typtic Liquors of the Solution of the Vitriol of Steel mix'd with a half quantity of the Solution of Allum in &s;ome A&s;tringent Vehicle; or a mixture of &s;trong Vinegar, Cro|cus of Steel, and the dulcify'd <HI>Caput Mortuum</HI> of Vitriol; or above all, the Mo&s;s of a dead Man's Scull, or the Mu&s;hroom call'd <HI>Crepitus Lupi,</HI> tied very hard to the part. If the bleeding be ob&s;tinat, and if there be no Nerves or Tendons in the way, we apply a Cau&s;tic of Vitriol calcin'd till it become white, mix'd with <HI>Crepitus Lupi.</HI> For Amputations, Li|gatures are of very good u&s;e. Internally we exhibit nitrous Acids with A&s;tringent Tinctures. But in the mean while the Patient mu&s;t carefully avoid all Emotions either of Body or Mind.</P>
<P N="4"><PB N="664" REF="333">4. Wounds of the Nerves, or nervous Parts, are very dangerous, by rea&s;on of their liablene&s;s to Convul&s;ions, In|flammations, Gangrenes, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> If a Nerve or Tendon be prick'd, drop into it the di&s;till'd Oil of Turpentin mix'd with Spirit of Wine, and Camphyr or Euphorbium. If a Nerve or Tendon be cut acro&s;s, avoid all Tents, and ex|pre&s;s'd Oils, or fat Ingredients; and apply volatil vulne|rary Bal&s;ams &s;harpen'd with the di&s;till'd Oil of Amber, or the Pouder of Earthworms mix'd with Turpentin, or the Pouder of Snake's Ca&s;t-Coats mix'd with that of Crabs|eyes; or a Mixture of the Oil of Earthworms, Oil of Foxes, Man's Fat and Juice of Earthworms, rubbing the whole Interval betwixt the wounded part, and the Origi|nal of the Nerve. Sometimes when Tendons are cut acro&s;s, they may be few'd together with a fine Needle, ac|cording to the Example of a late In&s;tance of that Nature in <HI>Paris.</HI></P>
<P N="5">5. The Wounds of the Brea&s;t. In curing of which we ought to mind the&s;e Cautions: 1. That if the Wound be lower than the &s;eventh Rib, it belongs to the Belly, and not to the Brea&s;t. 2. 'Twill be needful to u&s;e Tents for the Wounds of the Brea&s;t; but they ought not to be put in during the time of In&s;piration, le&s;t they be &s;uck'd in: and be&s;ides, they ought to have large Heads to prevent their Ingre&s;s. 3. Internally Dieuretics are very proper, by rea&s;on that mat|ter in the Brea&s;t has ofttimes a tendency to pa&s;s by Urine. 4. Antipleuritical Medicines will be al&s;o very convenient for preventing the Evils that may in&s;ue.</P>
<P N="6">6. Wounds of the Head: In all which the Belly ought to be kept open. If they're only &s;uperficial, let a Plai&s;ter of Tacamahac, and the Plai&s;ter of Betony be applied. If the Scull be injur'd, apply the Pouders of the <HI>Flower|de-luce,</HI> Aloes and Myrrh mix'd with Spirit of Wine, or di&s;till'd Oil of Turpentin. If the Meninges and Scull be cut quite through, we mu&s;t &s;top the internal Bleeding by the Pouders of Aloes, Frankincen&s;e, and Bole Armenic mix'd with the Whites of Eggs, and put into the Wound Clouts impregnated with the Oil of Turpentin or Bal&s;am <HI>Capaivi.</HI> Some apply the Oil of Ro&s;es, but that and all fat vi&s;cid Ingredients are ab&s;olutely pernicious. As for Brui&s;es of the Head; if they are without Wounds, and are not likely to be di&s;cu&s;s'd, we mu&s;t promote their Suppuration, and open 'em very quickly, le&s;t the &s;tagnating matter &s;hould injure the Scull. If they are accompany'd by Wounds, but
<PB N="665" REF="333">&s;uch as do not injure the <HI>Cranium,</HI> we apply a Dige&s;tive of Turpentin, Gum <HI>Elemi,</HI> Fat of Beavers, and that of Hogs. If the Scull be hurt by Brui&s;es, they cau&s;e either a Fracture, or a Fi&s;&s;ure, or Depre&s;&s;ion of the Bone; of which more anon.</P>
<P>We &s;hall conclude this Chapter of Wounds, with a few of their mo&s;t remarkable Symptoms. 1. Inflammations of Wounds are cur'd by applying Lime-water or the Juice of River-Crabs with Camphyr and Sugar of Lead. 2. An <HI>Ery&s;ipelas,</HI> by applying <HI>Venice</HI> Triacle and Salt of Worm|wood di&s;&s;olv'd in Spirit of Wine. 3. Luxuriant over-grow|ing Fle&s;h caus'd by the &s;pongyne&s;s and flaggine&s;s of the Part is remov'd by applying burnt Allum, Crocus Metallorum, the Ointment <HI>Aegyptiacum, Platerus</HI>'s Green Water, or rather the Pouder of the Cry&s;tals of Silver di&s;&s;olv'd in Spirit of Nitre. 4. The Pain which generally attends Wounds of nervous parts is mitigated by applying a Mix|ture of the Oil of Earthworms, di&s;till'd Oil of Lavender, and that of Amber. 5. A <HI>Synovia</HI> or Efflux of the nutri|tious Juice of the wounded Joints, is cur'd by applying Clouts &s;oak'd in the Water di&s;till'd from River-Crabs or in a Virgin's fir&s;t Men&s;trual Blood; or a Catapla&s;m of Hog's Dung boil'd with the Blood of the Wound; or the Mo&s;s of a dead Man's Scull, or <HI>Wurzius</HI>'s brown Ointment; or in the room of 'em all, the following Pouder, <HI>viz.</HI> Take of the Pouder of Oy&s;ter-&s;hells an Ounce; Calaminar-&s;tone, Cuttle-bones, and Jaw-bones of Pikes, of each two Drams; prepar'd <HI>Spodium,</HI> and &s;eal'd-Earth or Allum, of each a Dram and a half. Mix and make a Pouder. 6. Convul&s;ions of wounded parts are cur'd internally as an Epilep&s;y, and externally by applying the Bal&s;am of Peru with the di&s;till'd Oil of Amber, and if a Nerve be prick'd, treating it as above; or if it be imperfectly cut, by cutting it or the Tendon quite through, and &s;o &s;aving the Per&s;on's Life, tho at the expence of the Sen&s;e of that Part. 7. The Feavers that attend Wounds are for the mo&s;t part u&s;her'd in by extraordinary Heat, Redne&s;s of the Eyes, un|wonted pain, and frequent Flu&s;hing; they're cur'd by Su|dorifics, &s;uch as Crabs-eyes, Diaphoretic Antimony, Coral, and Sal Armoniac mix'd with Nitre and the Juice of Ci|trons.</P>
</DIV3>
<DIV3 N="3" TYPE="chapter">
<PB N="666" REF="334">
<HEAD>CHAP. III. <HI>Of &V;lcers.</HI></HEAD>
<P>ULcers are the Corro&s;ion of the Fibres, occa&s;ion'd by a &s;harp acid Ferment flowing from the corrupted Nou|ri&s;hment of the Part, or the vicious Blood and Lymph. The Acidity of this corro&s;ive Ferment is &s;ufficiently made out by the acid Smell of Plai&s;ters, after they've been ap|plied to Ulcers, and the unfitne&s;s of Alcalin Cau&s;tics to cor|rode, as being more apt to mortify. In nervous parts, who&s;e nutritious Juice is not laden with &s;uch a &s;trong volatil Salt, as that of the &s;anguine; and in glandulous places, where the Lymph do's naturally incline to Acidity, Ulcers are more trouble&s;om and dangerous than el&s;ewhere. In Per&s;ons who&s;e Blood is degenerat from its volatil State, and become acid, Ulcers are very ob&s;tinat, and &s;carce curable, without the <HI>Cra&s;is</HI> of the Blood be retriev'd. If an Ulcer be clos'd be|fore the malignant Ferment be quite drain'd, 'twill either relap&s;e in the &s;ame place, or corrupt the adjacent Bones, or di&s;play its Energy in another part of the Body. If they be much expo&s;ed to the Air, their Lips become hard and cal|lous, and &s;ometimes dry: If they're much di&s;colour'd, they &s;ignify a Gangrene: If they continue long, they cau&s;e Con&s;umptions, Feavers, and Ulcers of the Lungs. If the Matter that i&s;&s;ues from 'em be bloody, thin, &s;harp, yellow, or &s;tinking, it is not &s;o favourable as when 'tis white and thick. When Ulcers become dry, unaccountably, and of a &s;udden, they portend imminent Death.</P>
<P>Ulcers are cur'd by volatil Acalies and fix'd Ab&s;orbents, which mortify the prevailing Acid. The external Reme|dies are of three &s;orts. 1. Dige&s;ting. 2. Clean&s;ing; and 3. Healing. Tho&s;e of a dige&s;ting Force are the more temperat Alkalies: &s;uch as Turpentin, Yelks of Eggs, Ma|&s;tic, Oil of St. <HI>John</HI>'s-wort, Myrrh, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> and are us'd for qualifying the &s;harp bloody matter, and working it into a thick Con&s;i&s;tence call'd <HI>Pus.</HI> For the prevailing Acid con|verts the nutritious Juice of the part into a &s;harp thin matter, which ought to be qualify'd by an Alcali, in order to be|come thick; but &s;o as not to de&s;troy all the force of the Acid, which entitles it to whiti&s;h Colour. When the matter is thus prepar'd, we proceed to clean&s;ing Remedies, that is, &s;harper Alkalies that de&s;troy the Acid more power|fully,
<PB N="667" REF="334">and hinder the Conver&s;ion of the nutritious Juice in|to corrupt matter. Their clean&s;ing Virtue is only acciden|tal, and le&s;s to be regarded than that which directly &s;ti|fles the Cau&s;es. Of this Nature are the Decoctions of vul|nerary Plants in Lime-water, or Catapla&s;ms of the bruis'd Leaves of vulnerary Plants which are infinitely more u&s;eful than all the Oils, Ointments, and Plai&s;ters of the Shops; the la&s;t being of no u&s;e but for defending the Wound from Air and Cold.</P>
<P>Take of Tobacco-leaves two Handfuls; Wormwood-tops and the Herb Speedwell, of each a handful; Roots of round-rooted Birthwort an Ounce; Juniper-berries half an Ounce; Crude Allum from three to &s;ix Drams. Boil them in Black-Smith's-water, &s;train the Liquor to be injected into the Ul|cer, adding at every Injection a convenient quantity of the Spirit of Wine.</P>
<P>Take of Lime-water a Pound; Sweet Mercury two Drams; Spirit of <HI>Venice</HI> Triacle camphoris'd an Ounce. Mix, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P>Take of the Crocus of Steel, prepar'd by Precipitation two or three Drams; Calaminar Stone or &s;eal'd Earth a Dram; <HI>Lac Lunae</HI> a Dram and a half; Mace, Myrrh, Oli|banum and Aloes, of each a Dram; Camphyr half a Dram. Make a Pouder to be &s;prinkled with the Spirit of Triacle camphoris'd, and applied to ob&s;tinat Ulcers. A clean&s;ing Ointment may be prepar'd of the Juices of Tobacco, Worm|wood, Betony, Hony of Ro&s;es, Aloes, Myrrh, Flowers of Sul|phur and Turpentin. If the Ulcers are rotten, or the part much corrupted, the Ointment <HI>Aegyptiacum,</HI> or Verdigri&s;e with di&s;till'd Vinegar will be proper.</P>
<P>When the Wound is cleans'd, we apply healing Remedies, which retrieve the natural balmy Juice of the part, cement the Wound, and by a gentle a&s;tringent Force &s;trengthen the Fibres, and prevent the un&s;ea&s;onable Growth of luxuri|ant Fle&s;h: Such are the Bal&s;am of Sulphur, expre&s;s'd Oil of Filberts, Bal&s;am of Pern, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> mix'd with the dulcify'd Earth of Vitriol for benign, and ar&s;enic or precipitat Mer|cury for Malignant Ulcers. But ofttimes oily Ingredients are improper; and therefore we &s;hift 'em for Hony and the Juices of vulnerary Plants; and in rebellious Ca&s;es add Quick-&s;ilver, from which the Spirit of Nitre is drawn off. If the Ulcer be cover'd with luxuriant Fle&s;h, touch it with <HI>Crocus Metallorum,</HI> or the Cry&s;tal of Silver di&s;&s;olv'd in <HI>Aqua fortis.</HI> If the Ulcer become &s;uddenly dry, apply an
<PB N="668" REF="335">Ointment of Turpentin, Hony, Juice of Smallage, and Flower of Beans or Fenugrec. In general the following Plai&s;ter is of &s;ingular u&s;e for con&s;olidating Ulcers.</P>
<P>Take of Ma&s;tic an Ounce; Turpentin three Ounces; yellow Wax four Ounces. Mix, and make a Plai&s;ter ac|cording to Art. Or, Take a convenient quantity of Quick|lime wa&s;h'd twice or thrice, and dry'd. Mix it with the Oil of Lin&s;eed, and Bole Armenic, for a Plai&s;ter.</P>
<P>In the mean while 'twill be requi&s;ite to admini&s;ter vulne|rary Decoctions and E&s;&s;ences inwardly, e&s;pecially tho&s;e of River-Crabs, Dog's Dung, Ground Ivy, and Tops of St. <HI>John</HI>'s-wort. To which we add the Decoctions of Sudo|rific-woods, the Tinctures of Antimony, the Spirit and vo|latil Salt of Vipers, Myrrh, Saffron, Chalybeat Diapho|retic Antimony, and Coral or Crabs-eyes exhibited with Vinegar; and interlac'd with Purgatives of Turbith Mine|ral, or Sweet Mercury with the Extract of Black Hellebor. In de&s;perat Ca&s;es we mu&s;t have recour&s;e to a Salivation.</P>
<P>Having di&s;patch'd the general Cure of Ulcers, we &s;hall now de&s;cend to a few Particulars; as 1. The Ulcers that are attended by a <HI>Caries</HI> or Rottenne&s;s of the Bones, which mu&s;t be particularly accounted for before the Ulcer can be cur'd. When a <HI>Caries</HI> begins, the Bone appears fat, oily, and yellowi&s;h; and when it is perfectly rotten, becomes black, uneven, and full of little Holes. If the Bone be not expos'd to one's view either by the naked Eye, or thro a Micro&s;cope, its roughne&s;s and little Pits are di&s;cover'd by a Probe. If a <HI>Caries</HI> approach to the Joints, or be &s;ur|rounded by many nervous parts, 'tis not ea&s;ily cur'd. How|ever the Method of Cure is fir&s;t to dilate the Ulcer with Tents of the Roots of Gentian, or the Heart of Elder; then to apply the rectify'd Spirit of Wine, and the Pouder of Euphorbium mix'd with the Root of Florentin Orris, Birthwort, Aloes or Myrrh. The di&s;till'd Oil of Guaja|cum and that of Cloves are al&s;o very proper; but all Oils by Expre&s;&s;ion or Infu&s;ion are pernicious. Injections of warm Plantain-water, in which Sweet Mercury is di&s;&s;olv'd, are of excellent u&s;e for clean&s;ing the Bone, and fetching off its Scales. But if they prove ineffectual, we mu&s;t either &s;crape the Bone with a Knife till it appear white and &s;o|lid, with the Marks of little Blood-Ve&s;&s;els; or apply an Actual Cau&s;tic, the adjacent parts being carefully defend|ed from its Injury. After &s;craping or burning; we apply the Spirit of Wine, or di&s;till'd Oil of Cloves.</P>
<P N="2"><PB N="669" REF="335">2. Fi&s;tulas or winding Ulcers with Callous Sides. The Figure and number of their Turnings mu&s;t be carefully trac'd by a &s;mall Candle of Wax and Turpentin: If the bot|tom of the Fi&s;tula be a Bone, it di&s;covers it &s;elf to the Probe; and if it be painle&s;s, &s;ignifies that the <HI>Perio&s;tium</HI> is broke: If it end in a nervous part, the exqui&s;it Pain will lead us to the knowledg of it; if in a Blood-Ve&s;&s;el, the ob&s;cure Colour of the matter will give us to know &s;o much. Glandu|lous places are mo&s;t liable to 'em, and unle&s;s the hardne&s;s can be remov'd, they prove incurable. Now in order to remove it, and to clean&s;e the Ulcer, we fir&s;t dilate the Orifice (which in Callous Ulcers is always narrow) with a Tent of Gentian-roots &s;prinkl'd with burnt Allum: then we inject Lime-water with Spirit of Wine; or the Juice of River-Crabs with the Juice of Tobacco and Sweet Mercury; or a Mixture of the Hony of Ro&s;es, Spirit of Wine, and Precipitat Mercury. In inveterat Ca&s;es, we apply the green Waters, or the following Mixture. Take of the Ointment <HI>Aegypti|acum</HI> half an Ounce; Sublimat Mercury a Dram; Lye four Ounces; Ro&s;e-water an Ounce; Plantain-water four Ounces; Ar&s;enic a Scruple. Boil them till the third part be con&s;um'd, and apply the Remainder with Tents. If the Pain be &s;o violent that the&s;e Remedies cannot be applied, we mu&s;t lay open the Fi&s;tulas, and con&s;ume the Callus as above. For a Fi&s;tula in the Corner of the Eye, call'd <HI>Fi|&s;tula Lachrymalis,</HI> the following Mixture is of noted efficacy. Take of prepar'd Tutty a Dram; fine Pouder of Lead and Crude Antimony, of each half a Dram; Ceru&s;s and Li|tharge, of each a Scruple. With the Cerecloth <HI>Diachalci|tidos</HI> mix, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P N="3">3. Sordid or rotten Ulcers. In the former the matter is &s;limy, thick, livid or black; in the latter, it &s;tinks hor|ridly. Sometimes Ulcers become fordid thro the indi&s;creet Application of far Oils and vi&s;cous Ointments, in which Ca&s;e Catapla&s;ms of the Dung of Animals with Wine are very &s;ucce&s;sful. In general, for all fordid Ulcers, we pre|&s;cribe &s;trong Clean&s;ers; &s;uch as the Juice of Tobacco or Sa|vin, Spirit of Wine, the Ointment <HI>Aegyptiacum,</HI> Quick lime-water with Sweet Mercury, or a Precipitat upon which Spi|rit of Wine has been frequently di&s;till'd.</P>
<P N="4">4. The inveterate Ulcers in the Legs call'd <HI>Phagedema,</HI> which generally are &s;omewhat corro&s;ive and apt to inlarge their Dimen&s;ions. Let 'em be wa&s;h'd with di&s;till'd Water of rotten Apples, mix'd with the Extract of Birthwort|roots,
<PB N="670" REF="336">or with rectify'd Spirit of Wine, Sweet Mercury, and Sugar of Lead; or the Decoction of Tobacco in which Allum is di&s;&s;olv'd; or the Solution of Precipitat Mercury, or of the Dro&s;s of the <HI>Regulus</HI> of Antimony, in Plantain-water; or the Solution of Gunpouder in Wine. After wa&s;hing, apply the Ointment <HI>Diapompholigos,</HI> and Sugar of Lead, or Precipitat Mercury, with Tents. And anoint the Circumference or Edges of the Ulcer with the rectify'd &s;tinking Oil of Man's Dung.</P>
<P N="5">5. Cancrous Ulcers. Their Cau&s;es and Symptoms are ac|counted for in the Chapter of Tumors. As for their Cure, let the Dung of a Cat fed with River-Crabs; or the Pouder of a Toad and a Lizard calcin'd together in a new clo&s;e Ve&s;&s;el; or mix'd with black Pepper, Salt, dry Soot, and Orpine; be &s;prinkl'd upon the Ulcer after 'tis wa&s;h'd with Plantane-water. If the&s;e prove &s;ucce&s;sle&s;s, apply the Oil of Man's Dung, and for the la&s;t Refuge Ar|&s;enic fix'd with Nitre, and mix'd with Scot and <HI>Rulandus</HI>'s Bal&s;am of Sulphur in the form of an Ointment, or the Oil <HI>per deliquium</HI> of the Ar&s;enic thus fix'd, it being dulci|fy'd with Spirit of Wine. If the Cancer &s;till continue after the&s;e Applications, 'twill be needful to cut it off, and then burn out its Roots with a hot Iron; for if the lea&s;t Particle of the Ferment be left, 'twill revive again. <HI>Alliot</HI> Phy&s;ician to the Duke of <HI>Lorrain</HI> publi&s;h'd a Schedule at <HI>Paris</HI> &s;ome years ago, in which he pretended to cure an ul|cerated Cancer without cutting or burning; and that by a certain Alcalin Salt that is &s;o fix'd, that it won't di&s;&s;olve or melt as the other Alcalin Cau&s;tics, which by &s;o doing exa&s;perate the Cancer. This Salt he &s;ays makes an <HI>E&s;chara,</HI> and converts the &s;harp matter into a laudable Pus.</P>
<P N="6">6. Ulcers caus'd by Burning. In order to adju&s;t their Method of Cure, we ought to di&s;tingui&s;h three degrees in Burning. 1. When the outer Cuticle alone is hurt, and lift|ed up in little watry Bladders. This is the ordinary effect of hot Water, burning Straw, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> 2. When the inner Skin is al&s;o contracted and wrinkl'd. This is the effect of hot Oil, Wax, Pitch, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> 3. When the Fle&s;h it &s;elf is burnt, and the Skin ca&s;t into a Cru&s;t, as by melted Metals, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> The Cure con&s;i&s;ts in &s;ubduing the volatil Sulphureous Acid of the Fire which melts down the nutritious Juice of the Part, and cau|&s;es the fiery Bladders. For this end we apply for the fir&s;t degree Quick-lime-water prepar'd with the Decoction of Rapes, and mix'd with the Oil of Lin&s;eed to the Con&s;i&s;tence
<PB N="671" REF="336">of a thin Ointment; or a Liniment of Quick-lime (fre|quently wa&s;h'd and purg'd of its &s;harp Salt) Tutty, Whites of Eggs, with Vinegar and Oil of Ro&s;es; or the Juice of Onyons or Garlic mix'd with Salt, Ca&s;tle-Soap, and Oil of Ro&s;es. The Mucilage of bruis'd River-Crabs extracted with the Water of Frog's Spawn, or an Ointment of Ri|ver-Crabs bruis'd and mix'd in a Leaden Mortar with fre&s;h Butter; the Solution of Litharge in Vinegar mix'd with the Oil of Rapes, Camphyr, Mucilage of Quince-&s;eeds, and the Whites of Eggs; a Liniment of common Oil mix'd with the Whites of Eggs; or the Syrup of Elder mix'd with Spirit of Wine, are all approv'd in the &s;ame ca&s;e.</P>
<P>In the &s;econd degree we lay open the Bladder without any delay, and then apply the above-mention'd Medicines, or a Liniment expre&s;s'd from fre&s;h Hen's Dung fry'd with fre&s;h Butter and Sage, and Plantain-leaves; or a Mix|ture of the Pulp of Apples boil'd in the Water of Frog's Spawn, with Sugar, Camphyr and Saffron.</P>
<P>In the third degree we lay open the Pu&s;hes with all po&s;|&s;ible &s;peed, and apply emollient Liniments for &s;eparating the Cru&s;t, &s;uch as Butter mix'd with the Decoction of Mallows, or the Mucilage of Quinces extracted with the Water of Frog's Spawn, and mix'd with Butter, the Oil of Eggs, and that of white Lillies. If the Cru&s;t do not come ea&s;ily off, it mu&s;t be cut with a Launce, for fear the impri&s;on'd matter &s;hould create a deep Ulcer. After the Cru&s;t is remov'd, we apply Dige&s;tives and Clean&s;ers as in other Ca&s;es.</P>
</DIV3>
<DIV3 N="4" TYPE="chapter">
<HEAD>CHAP. IV. <HI>Of Di&s;locations.</HI></HEAD>
<P>THE Bones de&s;ign'd for Motion are receiv'd into Cavi|ties call'd <HI>Sinus's,</HI> and fa&s;ten'd to 'em by Ligaments, Tendons, or Mu&s;cles. And when the Head of any Bone is ju&s;tled out of its proper <HI>Sinus,</HI> 'tis call'd a Di&s;location. The Cau&s;es are generally external; tho &s;ometimes a vicious Acid thickening the nutritious Juice that waters the&s;e Cavi|ties, may &s;traiten their Capacities, and &s;o deny Admi&s;&s;ion to the Bone, as in the <HI>Sciatica</HI> and Gout; and &s;ometimes a &s;harp &s;alti&s;h Catarrh, &s;uch as Scorbutical Per&s;ons are obnoxi|ous to, by relaxating the nervous Ligaments may indirectly promote a Di&s;location. When a Bone is put out of joint, its Figure, Situation, Length and inability to move will
<PB N="672" REF="337">di&s;cover it. Some Di&s;locations are call'd perfect, when the Bone is quite out of its place; others imperfect, when it &s;ticks upon the &s;ide of its Cavity. The former is more difficult to cure than the latter. The Di&s;location of the Thigh Bone, as it dos not ea&s;ily happen by rea&s;on of the extraordinary Strength of its Ligament; &s;o 'tis hard to cure, the Mu&s;cles being very thick, and the part in a manner inacce&s;&s;ible. But that of the &s;mall Bones about the Ankle is much more dangerous, they being &s;urrounded with many Tendons, which, when they're mi&s;plac'd, are apt to create grievous Pain, Inflammations, Convul&s;ions, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<P>When a Bone is &s;et, let the contracted Mu&s;cles be ex|tended to their due Length, and the whole Member be con|veniently ty'd fa&s;t with broad or narrow Swathes, as its na|ture requires, remembring &s;till not to tie it too hard, nor to apply A&s;tringents (as mo&s;t Surgeons are wont to do) le&s;t the Stagnation of the Blood or Serum &s;hould occa&s;ion In|flammations or Tumors. If the part be much inflam'd, we mu&s;t not pretend to extend it, or to &s;et the Bone, till the Inflammation be abated by the following Decoction.</P>
<P>Take of the Tops of St. <HI>John</HI>'s-wort, a handful and a half; of the Herbs Betony, Chamomil, and Ro&s;emary, of each a handful; Comfrey-roots three Ounces; Roots of round-rooted Birth-wort &s;ix Drams; the four large hot Seeds, of each an Ounce and a half. Boil them in Water, and add to a Pound and a half of the &s;train'd Liquor, &s;ix Ounces of Wine, in which Sage has been infus'd. Mix and foment the part, and after 'tis ty'd up, wet the Swathes with a Spunge dip'd into it. If the Pain be exce&s;&s;ive, we may add Poppy-Heads to the Decoction. In the mean while give internally volatil Alcalies and fix'd Diaphoretics, for pre|venting the Stagnation of the Blood.</P>
<P>If a white Swelling invade the part, either before or af|ter the Bone is &s;et, anoint it with the di&s;till'd Oil of Tar|tar, or of Man's Bones rectify'd with burnt Hart&s;horn. However, in all Ca&s;es let expre&s;s'd Oils and A&s;trin|gent Catapla&s;ms be avoided; the former &s;hut the Pores and relaxat the Fibres; and the latter cau&s;e Inflammations and Tumours. The common Plea for A&s;tringents is, that they &s;trengthen the Fibres: Whereas the Fibres are much more benefited by fomenting 'em with Aromatic and nervous De|coctions, and applying Cephalic Plai&s;ters of Amber, Ele|mi, Bal&s;am of Peru, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> If the Di&s;location be caus'd by the internal Coagulation of the nutritious Juice of the Joint,
<PB N="673" REF="337">'tis incurable, unle&s;s Mercury give relief. If it be only threaten'd, we endeavour to prevent it by giving inwardly the volatil Preparations of Tartar, e&s;pecially its Spirit pre|par'd from Tartar fermented with its own Alcaly; to which we may add Sal Armoniac, and the Spirit and volatil Salt of Man's Bones. Externally we apply the Spirit of Earth-worms mix'd with Spirit of Sal Armoniac; and in a word, whatever was recommended for the <HI>Sciatica.</HI> Particularly the following Oil,</P>
<P>Take of the di&s;till'd Oil of Man's Bones one part; &s;tink|ing Oil of Tartar two parts. Mix 'em with Quick-lim<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">, and di&s;til, through a Retort, a mo&s;t penetrating Oil.</P>
<P>If the Relaxation of the Ligaments occa&s;ion'd by a &s;alti&s;h Serum threaten a Di&s;location, admini&s;ter inwardly <HI>Poterius</HI>'s Diaphoretic Gold, the Spirit of Earthworms, E&s;&s;ence of Sa&s;&s;afras, and <HI>Sal Volatile Oleo&s;um;</HI> and rub externally with the Spirit of Earthworms and the Oil of Earth, applying a Plai&s;ter of Tacamahac and Caran &s;often'd with the Oil of Amber, or <HI>Crollius</HI>'s Styptic Plai&s;ter mix'd with Stone Oil.</P>
</DIV3>
<DIV3 N="5" TYPE="chapter">
<HEAD>CHAP. V. <HI>Of Fractures.</HI></HEAD>
<P>BONES are broken mo&s;tly by external Cau&s;es; tho there are &s;ome uncommon In&s;tances of Fractures occa&s;i|on'd by violent internal Convul&s;ions. Some Fractures come acro&s;s the Bone, and frequently cau&s;e Splinters, which gall the nervous Parts mo&s;t &s;en&s;ibly; and &s;ometimes wound the Skin. They are ea&s;ily di&s;cover'd by their extreme pain, lo&s;s of Motion, the contraction and di&s;tortion of the mu&s;|cular Fibres, the inflammations and &s;oft &s;wellings of the Part, and by feeling with one's fingers, e&s;pecially if the Bone be out of its place. But the Inflammations that attend 'em at fir&s;t, ought to be di&s;tingui&s;h'd from the <HI>Ery&s;ipelas</HI> that &s;ometimes appears about the fourth day, being u&s;her'd in by &s;hiverings, and accompany'd by a Feaver, as a|ri&s;ing from the growing Acidity of the nutritions Juices of the injur'd Membrans, which provoke 'em to Contractions, and &s;o waken all the Juices in the Body. Other Fractures are more properly <HI>Fi&s;&s;ures, viz.</HI> When the Bone is &s;plit lengthways. The Symptoms of a Fi&s;&s;ure are the&s;e. A pro|found Pain gradually &s;eizes the Bone, but 'tis &s;till capable of performing its wonted Offices: Afterwards a &s;mall reddi&s;h
<PB N="674" REF="338">Tumor appears, e&s;pecially if the Fi&s;&s;ure be great; the nu|tritious Juice of the Bone runs out of the Cleft, and glides along the Member, till the Tendons about the Joints thwart its Pa&s;&s;age, and oblige it to &s;tagnat, and &s;o become an Ul|cer. In the mean while the Bone it &s;elf where 'tis &s;plit, be|comes rotten, and feeds the Ulcer with continual &s;upplies of corrupt matter tho at &s;ome di&s;tance. Therefore a Surgeon ought to be very cautious in all Ulcers lying near the Joints, to examin the Bone narrowly, and inquire after the above-mention'd Symptoms, &s;ince Ulcers proceeding from Fi&s;&s;ures can never be cur'd, 'till the di&s;tant Cau&s;e be trac'd out and accounted for.</P>
<P>As touching Progno&s;ticks: Fractures in the middle of the Bone without Wounds or Splinters, are more favourable than tho&s;e about the Joints, or where the two joining Bones are both broke, or where the Bone is beaten to pieces, and the Wounds, whether occult or manife&s;t, threaten Ul|cers. Fractures about tendonous places are very dange|rous. The Bones of the Thigh &s;eldom con&s;olidat, being clo&s;ely block'd up by bulky Mu&s;cles. The time of the Re|union of broken Bones is uncertain as depending upon the difference of Ages and Con&s;titutions. Women with Child are not ea&s;ily cur'd, but after Delivery their Cure &s;ucceeds.</P>
<P>When a Bone is broken acro&s;s, 'tis the Surgeon's Office to extend the Member, and join the two ends together, fa&s;tening 'em with proper Ligatures, and ordering an ea&s;y Po&s;ture of the Part according to the cu&s;tom of the Patient. Thus the two ends of the broken Bone being laid together, the nutritious Juice will &s;tagnat betwixt 'em, and gradual|ly harden into a Sub&s;tance of equal Con&s;i&s;tence joining 'em together. If the Part be inflam'd, nothing can be attempt|ed towards &s;etting, till the Inflammation be remov'd. Af|ter 'tis &s;et, bathe it with the Spirit of Wine mix'd with a third part of the Spirit of Earthworms; or anoint it with the Oil of Earthworms, di&s;till'd Oil of Ro&s;emary, and the Oil of Man's Fat rectify'd upon Man's Bones; apply|ing afterwards a Plai&s;ter of Tacamahac &s;often'd with the di&s;till'd Oil of Ro&s;emary; or the common Plai&s;ter of white Ro&s;in, Turpentin, Pouders of Snakeweed and Birthwort|roots, the Extract of round-rooted Birth-wort prepar'd with Spirit of Wine, and di&s;till'd Oil of Amber. The Plai&s;ter mu&s;t be &s;o applied that its two ends do not come quite together, le&s;t they &s;hould &s;uppre&s;s the Tumors that al|ways happen. If the Part be bruis'd, apply Hony with
<PB N="675" REF="338">the Spirit of Wine. After the Plai&s;ter is applied, tye it down with Swathes and Splents, but the Swathes mu&s;t not be too hard tied, nor the Splents too many. A&s;tringent Ca|tapla&s;ms are generally us'd, but to the detriment of the Pa|tient. If Catapla&s;ms are demanded, let 'em be made of the Leaves of the Herb <HI>Robert</HI> bruis'd, or of the Pouder of Snakeweed-roots with Wine.</P>
<P>In the mean while 'twill be proper to exhibit inwardly vulnerary Decoctions, e&s;pecially of Ro&s;emary, Agrimony, Savin, and the Herb <HI>Robert.</HI> The Stone of <HI>O&s;teocolla</HI> given to a Dram in Wine or Vinegar is of &s;ingular u&s;e.</P>
<P>As for Fi&s;&s;ures; the divided parts of the Bone mu&s;t be join'd, the above-mention'd Plai&s;ter applied, and the Mem|ber tied up with Swathes. If a Tumor be&s;et the Part, let it be open'd, and treated as a Fracture with a Wound. If an Ulcer happen, lay it open to the very Fi&s;&s;ure, and clean&s;e the rotten Bone and Ulcer as above.</P>
<P>If a Fracture be attended by a Wound, it mu&s;t be kept open for &s;ome time, to give vent to the pieces of Bones that do not con&s;olidate with the re&s;t. If the Bone hang out at the Wound, and be not tainted by the Air, it ought to be put into its proper place; if otherwi&s;e, it mu&s;t be &s;aw'd off, or otherwi&s;e &s;eparated. The Separation may be promoted by the following Liniment.</P>
<P>Take of Aloes and Myrrh, of each half a Dram; Com|fry and Birthwort-roots, of each three Drams; <HI>Euphorbium</HI> two Drams: With Turpentin and Wax make a Liniment.</P>
<P>Sometimes the Callus which joins the Bones is too bulky, and cau&s;es a Deformity, which may be help'd while 'tis &s;oft and green; but it if be confirm'd, there's no relief: For if a new Fracture be endeavour'd, it will not fall upon the Callus, but near to it.</P>
</DIV3>
<DIV3 N="6" TYPE="chapter">
<HEAD>CHAP. VI. <HI>Of a Gangrene and</HI> Sphacelus.</HEAD>
<P>A Gangrene and <HI>Sphacelus</HI> differ only gradually; the for|mer being an imperfect, the latter a perfect Mortifica|tion. They are equally the Con&s;equents of all the preceding Di&s;orders, <HI>viz.</HI> Tumors, Wounds, Ulcers, Di&s;locations and Fractures; and therefore &s;eem'd to claim a peculiar Chap|ter to them&s;elves. Their immediat Cau&s;e is a prevailing Alcali that de&s;troys the innate volatil Acid, and di&s;&s;olves its
<PB N="676" REF="339">Sulphur. The remote Cau&s;es are, whatever prevents the Influx and Circulation of the Blood and Animal Spirits, which are wont to recruit the volatil Acid, as Ligatures, Brui&s;es, Wounds, Cold, or the &s;udden Contraction of the Pores, Poy&s;on, malignant Di&s;ea&s;es, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> The Symptoms are the&s;e. At fir&s;t the Arteries beat very high in the Part, but the Pul&s;ation, Heat and Sen&s;e dwindle gradually away; the Mu&s;cles become &s;oft and flaccid, and &s;eparat, as it were, from the Skin, who&s;e Color becomes pale, blew, and at length black. If an Ulcer degenerat into a Gangrene, it voids no cor|rupt Matter; or if there be any, 'tis di&s;colour'd and fetid. If a Gangrene proceed from an internal Cau&s;e, 'tis incurable; for tho the Part be cut off, 'twill revive el&s;ewhere. Nervous parts are more liable, and more difficult to cure than the &s;an|guine. Sometimes a Tendon, when &s;eiz'd by a Gangrene, may be mov'd by the Mu&s;cle, which being long and at &s;ome di&s;tance is not touch'd, and therefore Motion is no certain &s;ign of a &s;ound part.</P>
<P>For Cure. In a <HI>Sphacelus</HI> the mortified part mu&s;t be cut off. In a recent Gangrene, we mu&s;t prevent its progre&s;s; internally by exhibiting the Spirit of Triacle camphoris'd, Spirit of Wine camphoris'd, Spirit of Juniper-berries, Spirit of Hart&s;horn, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> and externally by applying the Spirit of Wine camphoris'd with Myrrh, Aloes and Frankincen&s;e; or the Decoction of Quick-lime mix'd with Spirit of Wine, and Sweet Mercury; or the Decoction of the Dro&s;s of Anti|mony in Vinegar; or the Decoction of Lupines with White Wine, Lye and Saffron. Catapla&s;ms of Germander, Wormwood, Hy&s;&s;op, Sage, Agrimony, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> boil'd in Lime-water, and Clouts dip'd in the Decoction of the <HI>Caput Mortuum</HI> of <HI>Aqua fortis</HI> in Ro&s;e water, are al&s;o much com|mended. If the Gangrene be far advanc'd, let the part be &s;carify'd, and wa&s;h'd with the following Mixture.</P>
<P>Take of Pickle four Ounces; Spirit of Wine campho|ris'd two Ounces: Ointment <HI>Aegyptiacum</HI> an Ounce. Mix, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> After 'tis wa&s;h'd apply the Butter of Antimony, or &s;ublimat Mercury with Myrrh, Aloes, Allum, and the <HI>Caput Mortuum</HI> of Vitriol, or precipitat Mercury boil'd with the Oil of Nuts. Some extol the following Catapla&s;m.</P>
<P>Take of Wormwood-tops, Chamomil, and Elder-flowers, of each a handful and a half; of the Herb Germander a handful and a half; Rue half a handful; Hor&s;e-dung three Ounces. Boil them in Pickle, adding in the end two Oun|ces of Ink, and three Ounces of the Spirit of Wine.</P>
<PB N="677" REF="339">
<P>In a <HI>Sphacelus</HI> the mortified part mu&s;t be cut off with all convenient Speed, without waiting (as &s;ome do) till it come to the Joint. Some perform Amputations with red hot In|&s;truments, thinking thereby to prevent the exce&s;&s;ive bleed|ing; others are content with cold In&s;truments, and &s;top the bleeding with the Pouder of Hog's Dung, and dulcify'd Earth of Vitriol; or with Clouts dip'd into a Mixture of the Vitriol of Steel and Allum with the Juice of Plantain.</P>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
<TRAILER>FINIS.</TRAILER>
</DIV1>
</BODY>
</TEXT>
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