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<DATE>2014-04-10</DATE>
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<NAME>Olivia Bottum</NAME>
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<FRONT>
<DIV1 TYPE="title page">
<PB REF="1" MS="y">
<P><HI>A</HI> TONGVE-COMBAT, LATELY HAPPENING BE|tvveene tvvo English <HI>Souldiers</HI> in the Tilt-boat <HI>of Graue&s;end, THE ONE GOING TO SERVE</HI> the King of Spaine, the other to &s;erue the <HI>States Generall of the Vnited Provinces.</HI></P>
<P>Wherein the Cau&s;e, Cour&s;e, and Continuance of tho&s;e Warres, is debated, and declared.</P>
<P><HI>Pro Aris &amp; Focis.</HI></P>
<P>Printed at London. <HI>1623.</HI></P>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 TYPE="dedication">
<PB REF="2">
<PB REF="2">
<HEAD>To the HONORABLE Sir George Holles <HI>Knight,</HI> Serieant <HI>Major to Generall</HI> VERE.</HEAD>
<OPENER><SALUTE>HONORABLE SIR:</SALUTE></OPENER>
<P>_MEeting with a little Pamphlet written by way of Dialogue, and intituled <HI>A Tongue-combate,</HI> profe&s;sing to containe a true Di&s;cour&s;e of the&s;e Warres in the <HI>Netherlands</HI> betwixt the King of <HI>Spaine</HI> and the <HI>States Generall,</HI> I could not, with|out injurie to Truth, permit &s;o many falshoods (as vnder colour of &s;inceritie and mode&s;ty, were wrapt vp in tho&s;e wa&s;te-papers, to bee vented for rich commodities vpon our Coa&s;t, greedie of nouelties) to pa&s;&s;e without que&s;tion or contradiction. The euer-liuing honour of my late Soueraigne decea&s;ed, vnder who&s;e ble&s;&s;ed Gouernment I was borne, there|in traduced: The ju&s;tice and prudencie of my dread Soueraigne now raigning, therein obliquely and apertly aymed at: The truth of the Reformed Religion, wherin I was educated, there|in oppugned: The loyaltie and reputation of this Nation whom I &s;erue, and for who&s;e ju&s;t cau&s;e I fight, therein defamed; pro|uoked me to &s;ay what I could, and what I knew, in defence of all. And I am fitted and furnished the better to &s;ay &s;omething to purpo&s;e in this point, both by the many yeeres experience I haue had in the Seruice, as al&s;o through the manifold di&s;cour&s;es I haue often heard, wherein this bu&s;ine&s;&s;e haue beene diuer&s;ly debated; but e&s;pecially by the many bookes I haue read and tran&s;lated touching this Subject, for the &s;atisfaction of my &s;elfe and &s;ome honorable friends, who are knowne to be too religi|ous, to enter into cour&s;es doubtfull or que&s;tionable; at lea&s;t in|to warres openly wicked and vnwarrantable. Now being thus fully and clearely re&s;olued in mine owne con&s;cience, I could
<PB REF="3"> not but indeuour to re&s;olue others, who might bee doubtfull, and &s;o &s;eeke &s;atisfaction. It is my duty (I take it) to doe thus; for my meanes I receiue of the <HI>States</HI> obligeth my tongue, hand, heart, and whole man, to promote their ju&s;t cau&s;e in wordes, waitings, actions, prayers. He is a traytor (as I iudge) to the&s;e, to the truth, to his owne, and to him&s;elfe, that doeth not thus thinke, &s;peake, write, and doe, hauing the &s;ame ingagements, where occa&s;ion is pre&s;ented. It concernes all Sword-men to &s;ticke to mee, and to vindicate the honour of our decea&s;ed Queene, or pre&s;ent Soueraigne, Religion, the Brittish Nation in generall, and our Worthies in particular, who are made, by this blind and bold bayard, abettors of Rebels and Traytours; whereby theirs and our honours are &s;tayned, our Armes defa|ced, and the memorable workes of Warre which wee haue wrought for the&s;e fiftie yeeres continuance, ca&s;t away in ob&s;cu|ritie and contempt; nay, condemned as ignoble crimes of in|gratitude and inju&s;tice. A&s;&s;uredly, he that will not exchange a word with an enemie in this ca&s;e, for this <HI>State</HI> and the <HI>Truth,</HI> which they and we profe&s;&s;e in common, is not to bee tru&s;ted in actuall di&s;putations, where blowes and bullets are exchanged, and que&s;tions of life and death are agitated and controuerted.</P>
<P>If any man thinke my &s;tyle too sharpe, they mu&s;t con&s;ider I am a Souldier, trayned vp from my youth, to haue my &s;word al&s;o as sharpe in this quarrell: be&s;ides, I am exceedingly prouo|ked by a craftie Aduer&s;arie, who v&s;ing mildne&s;&s;e and mode&s;tie to <HI>Tavvny-&s;carfe</HI> his owne fained creature, his Puppet, his Pro|pertie, ouer whom hee in&s;ults, as vpon a vaulting-hor&s;e lowe enough for his leape, is yet mo&s;t bitter again&s;t the <HI>States Generall,</HI> and their in&s;truments, who intertaine and employ the true <HI>Tavvny &s;carfes,</HI> that will not be &s;o ea&s;ily baffeled. The&s;e he cals Rebels; and for this I often oppo&s;e him with the tearmes of Ty|rannie and Oppre&s;sion: The &s;ucce&s;&s;e and Gods ble&s;sing vpon the&s;e Warres, hauing giuen him the lye, and &s;ealed mee a pub|lique warrant to &s;ay more in this ca&s;e, with authoritie and eui|dence of truth.</P>
<P>This I dedicate to you, who haue beene a noble in&s;trument in the&s;e ju&s;t Warres for many yeeres pa&s;t, and will (I doubt not) deigne to protect my Pen, which doth but repeate that which
<PB REF="3"> your hands hath written with bloud, and carued in large chara|cters vpon the wounded bodies of diuers braue &amp; bold Oppo|&s;ites. It is now a time or neuer to declare our &s;elues, and &s;tand together for the truth of Religion herein oppugned: which hee that shrinkes from, for any worldly or politicke re&s;pect, or any Antichri&s;tian ayme, and temporarie temptation, shall &s;urely be denyed hereafter of Chri&s;t Ie&s;us, who will publiquely profe&s;&s;e <HI>to be ashamed of them before God, vvho are ashamed of him here before men;</HI> and to &s;pue tho&s;e luke warme per&s;ons out of his mouth, whom the &s;udden and vnexpected alarum of bold, daring, and de&s;perate oppo&s;ition for Falshood, will not awaken from that &s;tupide Lethargie, or re&s;erued Foxe-&s;leepe of Policie, wherein they lye bed-rid, to be <HI>as couragious for Truth, as other men are for lyes,</HI> in this Age of Athei&s;me.</P>
<P>The Lord by his Spirit kindle this zeale in our hearts for his Cau&s;e, and honour the militarie Profe&s;sion &s;o farre, that as <HI>Phi|neas</HI> the <HI>Prie&s;t,</HI> hath heretofore taken his Pike, and led vs by ex|ample, to execute vengeance on Gods foes that would corrupt others; &s;o <HI>vvee</HI> may now leade <HI>Phineas</HI> again&s;t that <HI>Babylonish Strumpet</HI> and her Brood, who <HI>commits fornication vvith the greate&s;t Princes of the earth,</HI> and would impudently pre&s;&s;e into our Tents, to doe, and cau&s;e the like villanie to be openly and vniuer&s;ally committed by vs and all men. Leade you (Sir) like <HI>Io&s;uah,</HI> in the head of the Troupes again&s;t this <HI>VVhore</HI> and her Adherents, and I will follow you as a faithfull.</P>
<CLOSER><SIGNED><HI>Seruant to Truth and to you,</HI> HENRY HEXAM.</SIGNED></CLOSER>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 TYPE="dedication">
<PB REF="4">
<HEAD><HI>To the right VVorshipfull</HI> Sir Edvvard <HI>PARHAM Knight, Serjeant Major of the</HI> Re|giment of the right Honorable the Lord VAVX, in the Seruice of the King of <HI>SPAINE</HI> in the <HI>Netherlands.</HI></HEAD>
<P>IN my late pa&s;&s;age downe from <HI>London</HI> to <HI>Graue&s;end</HI> by <HI>Tilt-boate,</HI> there chanced among others, two Gentlemen at that pre&s;ent al&s;o to pa&s;&s;e, being both of military profe&s;&s;ion, but indifferently di&s;po&s;ed in their determinations, touching the Sides they went to &s;erue on: for after &s;ome cour&s;e of &s;peech that pa&s;&s;ed among the companie, the one di&s;couered his intention to goe ouer into the <HI>Netherlands</HI> to &s;erue the King of <HI>Spaine,</HI> and the other manife&s;ted his purpo&s;e to goe &s;erue the <HI>States of Holland:</HI> but becau&s;e each of them &s;eemed fortified vvith rea&s;on for his determination, and to thinke him|&s;elfe a&s;well able to defend it, as hee &s;eemed willing to follow it, all the company, out of a curio&s;itie, were ve|ry de&s;irous to heare what by either &s;ide could bee &s;ayd; but yet with a proui&s;o, that no inconueniencie or fal|ling out betweene them vpon it might en&s;ue; and ther|fore they de&s;ired them, that before they began &s;eriou&s;ly to argue the matter, they should pa&s;&s;e their words to each other vpon their honours, that without injuring one another in particular, each might haue his free &s;peech in defence of his owne determined cour&s;e; and that their arguing being ended, there should no excep|tions be taken either by them, or any of the companie,
<PB REF="4"> for ought that had beene &s;poken; but that both they, and all the re&s;t of the companie, (their di&s;cour&s;e beeing ended) should in ciuill and courteous manner carrie them&s;elues, and &s;o take their leaues of each other, when their wayes lay to be &s;eparated. To this all agreed, and the&s;e twaine gaue each other their hand vpon the condi|tions: and thereupon began betweene them a <HI>Tongue-combate,</HI> wherein neither of both were &s;laine or mai|med: and becau&s;e it may be &s;ome recreation vnto you, to vnder&s;tand how the matter pa&s;&s;ed, I thought good now at my &s;oone&s;t ley&s;ure, and a&s;well as my memorie would permit me, to pen it downe, and to pre&s;ent it to your view, to whom I hold my be&s;t indeuours obliged. And this ki&s;&s;ing your hands, I take my leaue, wishing vnto you the atchieuing of all honour, an&s;werable vnto your noble valour and courage.</P>
<CLOSER><SIGNED><HI>The deuoted honorer of your Vertues,</HI> D. N.</SIGNED></CLOSER>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 TYPE="letter">
<HEAD>Tavvnie-&s;carfe to Red-&s;carfe.</HEAD>
<P><HI>I</HI> Lately met with that Conference which I had with you in the <HI>Tilt-boat,</HI> printed; wherein I found my &s;elfe much in|jured, in the An&s;were you put out in my name; and that which you &s;ay much mended, and deliuered to the be&s;t aduan|tage. I found al&s;o a Dedication fixed to the Front of your Pam|phlet, as if you meant to make your be&s;t friend sharer of the ho|nour you atchieued by the &s;uppo&s;ed victorie ouer mee. In all which regard, I could not but take notice of your falshood; e&s;pe|cially
<PB REF="5"> becau&s;e I &s;aw you did not onely wrong mee, by concealing what I &s;aid, and affirming what I neuer &s;ayd, but laboured al&s;o to wrong the cau&s;e, through the weakne&s;&s;e of my per&s;on. Lest therefore any of my Countrimen should bee wonne by your cun|ning, to thinke better of your Cau&s;e, and wor&s;e of ours, then they would, and rea&s;on requires; and &s;o bee ea&s;ily wooed to leaue vs, to &s;eeke and finde repentance with you, I haue incerted what I &s;ayd, or might haue &s;ayd to your emptie allegations; and likewi&s;e haue dedicated my indeuours to a worthy Commander; who is not (as yours commonly are) a Souldier Swallow-like for a Sum|mer onely, or a &s;iege, but who&s;e very name is famous thorow your Armie, and his per&s;on knowne to all of yours, that for almo&s;t the&s;e thirtie yeeres past haue &s;eene an English Enemie in the Field or Trenches: In either of which place if you dare meet me. I will make good vpon your per&s;on with Sword and Pi&s;toll, what here I &s;ub&s;cribe with my Pen, that you haue wronged me, the truth, and your &s;elfe, if you had any honour to lo&s;e by lying.</P>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 TYPE="to the reader">
<PB REF="5">
<HEAD>&leaf; <HI>RED-SCARFE,</HI> or the <HI>Author</HI> of the <HI>Tongue-Combat</HI> to the Reader.</HEAD>
<P>_BEcau&s;e the en&s;uing <HI>Di&s;cour&s;e</HI> is Dialogue-wi&s;e, and that &s;ome note of di&s;tinction mu&s;t of nece&s;si|tie be v&s;ed, &s;eeing I know not the&s;e Gentlemens names, who interchanged this Conference in&s;u|ing, I haue thought good to note them by their Scarfes; as by calling him that was to goe to &s;erue the King of <HI>Spaine</HI> by the name of <HI>Red-Scarfe,</HI> according to the colour of the Scarfe he wore; and to call the other by the name of <HI>Taw|ney-Scarfe,</HI> becau&s;e hee wore a Scarfe of the colour of Orange-tawney.</P>
<P>The company after the conditions of quietne&s;&s;e at parting were agreed vpon, became all &s;ilent to heare them begin. The first then (being <HI>Tawney-&s;carfe</HI>) began in &s;uch words, as you shall finde in&s;erted after this following Preface.</P>
</DIV1>
</FRONT>
<BODY>
<DIV1 TYPE="text">
<HEAD><HI>Tavvny-Scarfe,</HI> or the An&s;vverer of the <HI>Toung-Combat</HI> to the Reader.</HEAD>
<P>IMpartiall Reader, I am to let thee vnder&s;tand by way of Preface, that there was no other conference in the Tilt-boate, then vvhat the Authour of the <HI>Tongue-Combate</HI> him&s;elfe gaue life to, by propounding Argu|ments, and &s;tirring oppo&s;ition, how&s;oeuer now hee would hide him&s;elfe behinde a third per&s;on, as if he on|ly were the Relater or Repeater, not the fir&s;t broacher of this <HI>Word-warre;</HI> but I a&s;&s;ure thee the contrarie, vpon
<PB N="2" REF="6"> the faith of a Souldier. As for that which hee &s;aith con|cerning the names of the Di&s;putants, that he knew them not, and therefore was forced to call one <HI>Red-&s;carfe,</HI> the other <HI>Tawny-&s;carfe,</HI> according to the colour of their Scarfes, mu&s;t thus be vnder&s;tood; that indeed he knew not my name, and for his owne, being a man of many names, he knew not which to a&s;&s;ume for that in&s;tant, but that &s;ome of the companie might haue knowne him by another, worne in &s;ome other place, and there|fore he did wi&s;ely dye him&s;elfe into red; which being in graine, will without blushing warrant any falshood, and outface any truth. This I let thee know al&s;o, that hee began the Combate, though he giues mee the honour to charge; and that hee retired &s;omewhat confu&s;edly in the end, though he &s;aith (fal&s;ely) that I ran away. This shall be &s;ufficient for a touch, and to giue thee warning of the re&s;t, how warily thou art to beleeue him.</P>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>Tawny-&s;carfe.</SPEAKER>
<P>It &s;eemeth &s;trange vnto me, that any of our Coun|trimen should rather re&s;olue to &s;erue the King of <HI>Spaine,</HI> then the <HI>States of Holland,</HI> con&s;idering how long their Cau&s;e and Quarrell had beene by <HI>Englishmen</HI> &s;upported, and the number of our Countrimen that continue to &s;erue on that <HI>Side.</HI></P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>Red &s;carfe.</SPEAKER>
<P>It &s;eemeth as &s;trange vnto me, that men of &s;en&s;e and vnder&s;tanding should not rather regard the iu&s;tne&s;&s;e of the Cau&s;e and Quarrell which they are to defend, (e&s;pe|cially when they are not con&s;trained, but that their re|&s;olution lyeth in their owne choyce) then to let them|&s;elues be blind-folded and led forward by &s;ini&s;ter &s;ugge|&s;tion, to follow the vn-under&s;tanding vulgar Multitude
<PB N="3" REF="6"> for companie or cu&s;tome &s;ake, becau&s;e they haue conti|nued &s;o long a time to &s;erue on that <HI>Side,</HI> without know|ing or caring wherein right or wrong con&s;i&s;teth.</P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>Tawny-&s;carfe.</SPEAKER>
<P>What care had tho&s;e, I pray you, of your Religion, to examine the iu&s;tne&s;&s;e of the Cau&s;e in the warre of <HI>Ire|land,</HI> when they a&s;&s;i&s;ted the King of <HI>Spayne</HI> again&s;t their owne Queene and Country? Or tho&s;e of <HI>France</HI> in the holy League again&s;t their King? were tho&s;e men <HI>with|out &s;en&s;e or vnder&s;tanding</HI> or no? and what care haue you all, in matters of greater moment, euen &s;uch as con|cerne the &s;aluation of your &s;oules, to informe your vn|der&s;tandings in the truth? Are ye not blindly led on by your forefathers examples, and by the multitudes of men, who vvalke your broad vvay leading to perdition? How then can you blame vs, if in matters of le&s;&s;e con|&s;equence, vve should by your authorities bee remi&s;&s;e? Of all others it &s;orts not you to reprooue vs. Yet you mu&s;t not thinke, that the fir&s;t re&s;olution taken for the a&s;&s;i&s;tance of the <HI>Hollanders,</HI> vvas vvithout good con&s;ide|ration of the <HI>iu&s;tne&s;&s;e of their cau&s;e;</HI> and the &s;ame beeing once begun and continued, what needed further doubt or &s;cruple be made thereof by the after-followers of it?</P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>Red-&s;carfe.</SPEAKER>
<P>Becau&s;e it is no Article of faith, to beleeue that the fir&s;t re&s;olution taken in <HI>England</HI> for the a&s;&s;i&s;ting of the <HI>Hollanders,</HI> was not vvithout <HI>good con&s;ideration of the iust|ne&s;&s;e of their cau&s;e,</HI> diuers haue &s;ince penetrated into it, to &s;ee vvhether it vvere &s;o or not, but could not &s;o finde it, and therefore tho&s;e you &s;peake of, that haue followed it without &s;cruple, haue beene people that were not &s;cru|pulous at all: for there is no cau&s;e be it neuer &s;o bad, but
<PB N="4" REF="7"> &s;ome will be found, without any &s;cruple, willing to fol|low it.</P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>Tawny-&s;carfe.</SPEAKER>
<P>Had it beene warranted vvith a <HI>Bull</HI> from <HI>Rome,</HI> as the Irish vvarre vvas, then you dur&s;t not haue vn&s;ealed that &s;ecret to examine the <HI>iu&s;tne&s;&s;e</HI> of it, but vvould haue be|leeued it as an article of faith, (for the articles of your faith ate in your Popes bo&s;ome) and perhaps obayed it too, before the Commandements of God. But now you pretend to haue penetrated the bottome, to cen|&s;ure &s;uch as are contrary minded, and to find fault with the ground of a Councell, which you vnder&s;tand not.</P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>Red-&s;carfe.</SPEAKER>
<P>If the Cau&s;e of the <HI>Hollanders</HI> by any vndi&s;prooueable rea&s;ons of yours, shall appeare vnto me to be iu&s;t, I shall not onely be &s;orry for mine error, in not apprehending it &s;o to be, but re&s;olue to goe along with your &s;elfe into their &s;eruice.</P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>Tawny-&s;carfe.</SPEAKER>
<P>As for your company, a&s;&s;ure your &s;elfe I &s;eeke it not: vve haue too many already that vve cannot tru&s;t. And for per&s;wading you to &s;ee and be &s;orrie for your error, it is in vaine for me to hope to worke &s;uch a miracle. I know right well, the bright Sunne makes Moles the more blinde; and &s;uch as you, who (I feare) haue &s;cared and peruerted con&s;ciences, wil &s;ooner beleeue lyes then truth: &s;o that all the euidence I shall bring to cleare this point, vvill but make you the more ob&s;tinate and vvil|full; and I might hope to draw you farther with a fained Legend, then vvith lines drawne from the Booke of life it &s;elfe. Yet &s;ince you de&s;ire to trie your &s;trength, (for I know you are armed and &s;tudied to oppo&s;e) I pro|duce
<PB N="5" REF="7"> three rea&s;ons, inducing Queene <HI>Elizabeth</HI> of happy Memorie, to a&s;&s;i&s;t the <HI>States Generall</HI> in the&s;e warres a|gain&s;t the King of <HI>Spayne.</HI></P>
<P N="1">1 The fir&s;t, vvas the oppre&s;&s;ion and vvrong done them by the King of <HI>Spayne,</HI> both in violating their aun|cient and laudable Lawes, Priuiledges, and Liberties, (euen &s;uch as vvere fundamentall, vpon vvhich the State &s;tood as vpon a ba&s;e) as al&s;o in tyrannizing ouer their con&s;ciences by a mo&s;t bloody and barbarous In|qui&s;ition.</P>
<P N="2">2 The &s;econd rea&s;on was, becau&s;e they vvere our old &s;ure friends, and had bin &s;o, before they had Earles, much more before the <HI>Spanish</HI> Title in tho&s;e Parts; and vve de&s;ired &s;till to keepe them our neere neighbours, rather then to change them for new friends, more re|mote both in affection and manners, vvho&s;e propin|quity vve de&s;ired not, beholding it dangerous to <HI>Portu|gall, Naples,</HI> and all other Nations, as ayming at an <HI>vni|uer&s;all Monarchy.</HI> E&s;pecially Queene <HI>Elizabeth</HI> &s;aw the perill, &s;o great a neighbour might bring to Her and her State, vvhen shee and her Kingdomes onely lay as a blocke in the vvay, to breake the necke of His intended Greatne&s;&s;e.</P>
<P N="3">3 The third motiue and the greate&s;t, which out|went matter of State, vvas the maintenance of the Go&s;|pel, and peaceable &s;tate of the true reformed Church, which began there to inlarge it &s;elfe; and whereof as shee vvas &s;tyled, &s;o shee intended to prooue her &s;elfe (and performed what she intended) <HI>A true De&s;endre&s;&s;e of the Faith.</HI></P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>Red-&s;carfe.</SPEAKER>
<P>You haue here alledged &s;undry rea&s;ons to haue cau|&s;ed
<PB N="6" REF="8"> Queene <HI>Elizabeth</HI> to take the <HI>Hollanders</HI> parts, it is rea&s;on then, that if &s;o be I cannot allow them for &s;uffi|cient rea&s;ons, I prooue them not &s;o to bee, vvhich by your patience and permi&s;&s;ion I shall be able to doe.</P>
<P>The fir&s;t point is about their being oppre&s;&s;ed and vvronged by the King of <HI>Spayne,</HI> and in danger to bee brought vnder the &s;eueritie of a <HI>Spanish Inqui&s;ition.</HI></P>
<P>That the&s;e people liued in obedience of King <HI>Philip</HI> the &s;econd of <HI>Spayne,</HI> as did all other the inhabitants of the &s;euenteene <HI>Netherland Prouinces,</HI> acknowledging him as their true and lawfull Soueraigne Lord, as they had acknowledged his Ance&s;tors before him, from vvhom hee &s;ucce&s;&s;iuely inherited tho&s;e Countries, no man can make any doubt or que&s;tion. The que&s;tion then is, whether this King, when hee came to the po&s;&s;e&s;&s;ion of tho&s;e Countries, did impo&s;e vpon the people any pre&s;|&s;ures, more then his former Ance&s;tors had done; but who is able to shew that he did? the &s;aid King beeing then in as full and quiet po&s;&s;e&s;&s;ion of all tho&s;e Coun|tries, as euer any of his Ance&s;tors had beene; and depar|ting from thence into <HI>Spaine</HI> in the yeere <HI>1559.</HI> hee left none of his Netherland &s;ubiects, for any cau&s;e of inno|uation, in any thing any whit di&s;gu&s;ted, but in as great tranquilitie as euer they had beene. He left behind him in tho&s;e Countries no Spanish Gouernours nor &s;ouldi|ers, but gaue the particular Gouernments to the Nobi|litie of the Country it &s;elfe, and the generall Gouerne|ment of them all, vnto his naturall &s;i&s;ter the Duche&s;&s;e of <HI>Parma,</HI> beeing of the &s;ame Countrey borne: vvhat wrong in any re&s;pect was here done them? vvho com|plained of any wrong? why was not the good peace and reciprocall loue betwixt this King and his Nether|land
<PB N="7" REF="8"> &s;ubiects continued? who began the breach? what actions of innouation cau&s;ed it? proceeded it from this Prince, or from the Netherland people?</P>
<P>When no thought or cogitation was in this Kings minde of any breach betweene him and his &s;ubiects, in the yeere of our Lord <HI>1566.</HI> certaine of the ra&s;calitie beeing &s;ugge&s;ted by &s;edicious Preachers, and tho&s;e Prea|chers &s;et on by &s;ome of the Nobilitie, little better then bankrupt, they began in mo&s;t rebellious rage, to fall to the robbing and &s;poyling of Churches. The Duche&s;&s;e of <HI>Parma</HI> being at <HI>Bruxels</HI> vvhen the newes of this out|ragious and generall &s;acrilegious theft vvas brought vn|to her, was much amazed thereat, and demanded of the Earle of <HI>Barlamont,</HI> (who then was pre&s;ent) what they vvere that had done this, vvhereunto hee an&s;wered her in French, <HI>Ce&s;te &s;ont que de Geus,</HI> vvhich as much to &s;ay, <HI>they are but Rogues or Ra&s;cals.</HI> The Church-robbers, and tho&s;e that &s;et them on worke, vvhereof &s;ome vvere Gentlemen, (though much vnworthy of that title) ha|uing gotten notice how the name of <HI>Geus</HI> was giuen them, did foorthwith accept of the name, and wore in &s;tead of brooches on their hats, little woodden dishes, to betoken beggars dishes; and &s;ome of that &s;ort did af|terwards weare Foxe tailes in their Hats in &s;tead of fea|thers; &s;o as it &s;eemeth they tooke a glorie in this wor|thy name: for they al&s;o cau&s;ed a print or &s;tampe of a Cocke to be made, at who&s;e mouth the words <HI>Viue les Geus par tout le monde</HI> were &s;et downe, vvhich is as much to &s;ay, <HI>Liue, or flourish may the Rogues ouer all the world:</HI> and the paper-prints or pictures taken from this &s;tamp, were &s;et vp in all hou&s;es, taphou&s;es, and tauernes where they frequented: herehence it commeth, that in all the
<PB N="8" REF="9"> Low-countries, this kinde of people doe vnto this day, beare the name of <HI>Geu&s;es,</HI> howbeit they haue &s;ince beene taught to call them&s;elues <HI>the Reformed,</HI> but Prote&s;tants they neither doe, nor euer did call them&s;elues.</P>
<P>Here haue you the originall and beginning of the breach betweene the King of <HI>Spaine,</HI> and the&s;e his Ne|therland &s;ubiects; and as touching their beeing oppre&s;|&s;ed and wronged by the King of <HI>Spayne,</HI> and in danger to be brought vnder the &s;eueritie of the <HI>Spanish Inqui&s;ition,</HI> the blame that the King of <HI>Spaine</HI> herein de&s;erueth is, that he was &s;o much ouer-shot, that when hee heard of their breaking downe of Altars and Images in Chur|ches, of their robbing and carying thence of &s;iluer Cha|lices, Paternes, Cruets, Candle&s;tickes, Lampes, and Re|liquaries, with the Tape&s;trie, and what&s;oeuer they might make money of, euen to the very Bels in the Steeples, he had not commended it to be wel done, and &s;ent them rewards for their &s;o doing, and &s;o haue let them runne on euen to the taking of the Crucifixe out of the Church, and hanging it on the Gallowes, as they did at <HI>Gorcum</HI> in <HI>Holland;</HI> an act, that albeit the Diuell, Iewes, and Geu&s;es would take plea&s;ure in, yet would ve|ry Turkes, and Mahometans bee &s;candalized to be|hold it.</P>
<P>Now becau&s;e the King of <HI>Spayne</HI> had &s;worne at his being in the Netherlands, to defend the Church and Eccle&s;ia&s;ticall per&s;ons in their auncient and Chri&s;tian Priuiledges, and that he apprehended Church-robberie to be theft, he &s;o much wronged the&s;e people, as to &s;end the Duke of <HI>Alua</HI> to punish this theft, which (as I take it) was as little wrong, as to hang a Mini&s;ter for &s;tealing of a booke of Martyrs out of a Parish Church in <HI>London.</HI></P>
</SP>
<SP>
<PB N="9" REF="9">
<SPEAKER>Tawny-&s;carfe.</SPEAKER>
<P>You haue here &s;aid &s;omething to no purpo&s;e: yet fir&s;t to an&s;were your falshoods, and then to adde that vvhich is true. Your &s;peech con&s;i&s;ts of two parts: in the one you labour to cleare the King of <HI>Spaine</HI> from all op|pre&s;&s;ion; in the other, you &s;eeke to ca&s;t all the fault vpon the people, and e&s;pecially vpon tho&s;e of the <HI>Reformed Re|ligion,</HI> vvhom by the vvay, as farre as your skill will &s;erue you, you &s;pot vvith three or foure crimes, which I dare &s;ay, you count proper to the cau&s;e.</P>
<P>Fir&s;t, I vvillingly grant the quiet po&s;&s;e&s;&s;ion of <HI>Philip</HI> the &s;econd King of <HI>Spaine</HI> in tho&s;e Prouinces, and the generall obedience vvhich the people yeelded to him, during the time of his &s;tay among&s;t them, all which augments his obligation of loue. But whereas you lay the cau&s;e of the&s;e en&s;uing warres, to the ra&s;call multi|tude, &s;edicious Preachers, and bankrupt Nobilitie (as you &s;tyle them) you shall finde your owne glorious and Catholique Companie to be the&s;e Ra&s;cals, your owne Popish Clergie to be the &s;edicious Prie&s;ts, your owne bloudie Nobilitie, to be the&s;e bankrupts of true Bloud and Nobilitie. For the reprochfull name of <HI>Geus</HI> ca&s;t vp|on them, vvhich you interpret <HI>Ra&s;call,</HI> they wore it, and the en&s;ignes and badges of it, as an honour, to let the world &s;ee, the King of <HI>Spaine</HI> and his Councell, e&s;pecial|ly the Clergie, accounted no better of them, then of Rogues or beggars, and intended with the vtmo&s;t &s;peed to make them &s;uch, vvhich al&s;o they expre&s;t by the woodden dish.</P>
<P>As for the Foxe taile, vvhich you &s;ay, they wore in their Caps, it was perhaps to put you in minde, that nei|ther they nor their Preachers were &s;uch Votaries as your
<PB N="10" REF="10"> cha&s;te Friar <HI>Cornelius Adrian&s;on</HI> of <HI>Bruges;</HI> vvho being a mo&s;t zealous per&s;ecuter of the <HI>Geu&s;es,</HI> and very deuoute and obedient to the Church of <HI>Rome</HI> and the Catholike King, inuented an Order of humilitie and innocencie, and v&s;ed to vvhip the penitent female &s;oules, that hee confe&s;t, with a Foxe-tayle &s;tarke naked, telling them it became <HI>Innocencie to bee &s;eene &s;o.</HI> This mu&s;t needes bee a &s;ore and &s;euere kinde of Penance both to them and to him; yet not &s;o ab&s;urd and abhord, as that Sodomiticall practi&s;e of the Friars of <HI>Gant</HI> and <HI>Bruges;</HI> for which much about that time, many were burnt, and many were vvhipt, by the &s;entence of the Court of <HI>Flanders,</HI> beeing all men of their owne Religion.</P>
<P>For the hanging vp of a Crucifixe vpon the Gallowes at <HI>Gorcum,</HI> vvherewith you charge the people, I mu&s;t confe&s;&s;e I allow not of the fact; nay rather I condemne it as an idle and &s;candalous action, neither can I &s;uppo&s;e it true; yet admit it were &s;o, then doubtle&s;&s;e either it was done by &s;ome irreligious per&s;ons, who mixed the~&s;elues vvith the multitude of rash Reformers; or if by &s;ome o|thers, out of blinde deuotion and indi&s;creet zeale, they might defend them&s;elues with the&s;e rea&s;ons, which you can hardly refute.</P>
<P N="1">1 Fir&s;t, you paint Chri&s;t hanged on a Cro&s;&s;e, vvho fits in glory at the right hand of God the Father: for this they hang vp your forgerie; and doe no more indeed in the open ayre, then what you did before by the pen|&s;ill, vnder the roofe of your owne hou&s;es, or in the Church.</P>
<P N="2">2 Secondly, your Ma&s;&s;e prie&s;ts euery day crucifie againe the Lord of life, at lea&s;t they make &s;uch as you beleeue they doe &s;o, vvhil&s;t they offer vp his bodie to
<PB N="11" REF="10"> God the Father for &s;inne, as once hee did for all on the Cro&s;&s;e him&s;elfe. But the&s;e onely did execute the pi|cture, vvhil&s;t your Clergie, like <HI>Caiaphas, Annas, Herod, Pilate,</HI> and <HI>Iudas,</HI> betray, accu&s;e, and condemne him eue|ry day in per&s;on, as they &s;ay, if <HI>hoc est corpus meum,</HI> with a cro&s;&s;e or two added, haue power to change a Cake into Chri&s;ts bodie.</P>
<P N="3">3 Thirdly, that Idol rob'd God of his glorie, and Chri&s;t of his worship; vvhil&s;t, either it had all or part of that re&s;pect, vvhich was due to the per&s;on. If then a man for meere nece&s;&s;itie &s;tealing a Surplice, Chalice, Image, or the like, out of your idolatrous Temples, bee vvorthy of hanging, though he bee the image of God, what, is not your Idol worthy to bee hanged, who robs God of his glorie, &amp; your &s;oules of true felicitie? Chri&s;t him&s;elfe whipt theeues out of the Church, and shall that theefe be left there? It is your blinde deuotion to preferre that Idol, before the true, liuely, and liuing I|mage of Chri&s;t, vvhom you daily hang vp for this Idols &s;ake: and &s;o, whil&s;t you thinke to doe God good &s;er|uice, doe &s;eruice to the Diuell, making <HI>your owne &s;onnes and daughters pa&s;&s;e thorow the fire to Molech.</HI></P>
<P>As for the Mini&s;ter which you bring in by way of in|&s;tance, who should &s;teale (as you &s;ay) a <HI>Booke of Martyrs</HI> out of a Parish Church in <HI>London:</HI> if there were any &s;uch man, he was worthy to be hang'd; but &s;uppo&s;e hee had &s;tolen your god amighty in the &s;iluer Boxe, (as hee vvas very like to doe it, had it &s;tood in his way) what a pitifull ca&s;e had you beene in, whil&s;t you mu&s;t haue pur&s;ued him as <HI>Laban</HI> did <HI>Iacob,</HI> &s;aying,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Gen. 31.30.</NOTE> <HI>why haue you &s;tolne away my god?</HI></P>
<P>And this for an&s;wer to your naked and emptie allega|tions,
<PB N="12" REF="11"> which mu&s;t bee credited vpon your bare word. But whereas you cry out, or rather crow like a Cocke on a dunghill, demanding vvhat wrong in any re&s;pect was done the people? <HI>who complained of any wrong? why was not the good peace and reciprocall loue betweene this King and his Netherland &s;ubiects continued? who began the breach? what actions of innouation cau&s;ed it? proceeded it from this Prince, or from the Netherland people?</HI> I will briefly as I may, &s;atisfie all your demands, shewing fir&s;t the true and naturall con&s;titution of that mixed Gouernement <HI>ab initio,</HI> and then proceeding to manife&s;t what new pre&s;&s;ures, contrary to the fundamentall Lawes of the State, and what daily incroachments, &s;tolne vpon the peoples Liberties by policie, prouoked this warre, and produced the dire effects following; as a mirrour to warne all Magi&s;trates to beware of tyrannie, and to bee content with their owne in manly moderation, le&s;t <HI>Lu|cifer</HI>-like, &s;eeking to become gods, they prooue diuel|lish Tyrants, and &s;o lo&s;e their fir&s;t angelicall &s;eates of Soueraigntie.</P>
<P>But becau&s;e it is impo&s;sible in &s;o narrow a Di&s;cour&s;e as vve intend, to &s;peake of all particulars, and to deliuer &s;euerally, vvhat euery Prouince, and euery City in eue|ry Prouince, holds apart from others, as proper onely to them&s;elues, I vvill onely shew you a few of tho&s;e <HI>Prin|ciples</HI> (rather then <HI>Priuiledges</HI>) of State, vvhich the&s;e Nations haue pre&s;erued intire in generall, notwith&s;tan|ding the many powerfull hands they haue in that time pa&s;t thorow; when, euen the mo&s;t noble and generous Nations, vvho boa&s;t and glorie of <HI>vniuer&s;all Monarchies,</HI> haue indured in le&s;&s;e time many violent changes, and a totall and finall lo&s;&s;e of their Liberties.</P>
<PB N="13" REF="11">
<P>The <HI>Batanians</HI> (for that is the mo&s;t generall name pro|per to this people) were originally of the <HI>Cattens,</HI> now called <HI>He&s;&s;ens;</HI> they fir&s;t po&s;&s;e&s;t the Land which they now hold, without iniurie to any other Nation or per|&s;on, finding it not inhabited by rea&s;on of many wants and inconueniences, vvhich their inuincible indu&s;tries haue &s;ince ouercome; and much of it al&s;o not habitable, in regard of &s;undry difficulties vvhich their admirable inuentions haue &s;ince remooued, or conuerted into profitable helpes and nece&s;&s;arie commodities. Thus o|riginally they are free vvithout forraine tenure for the place, or complaint of any per&s;on for elbow-roome or intru&s;ion. Their Gouernement al&s;o was as free as go|uernement could po&s;&s;ibly be: they cho&s;e their Gouer|nours them&s;elues, vvere he one or more, King, Gene|rall, or Earle; and euer had re&s;pect that their Liberties and welfares should not re&s;t in the bo&s;ome or di&s;po&s;i|tion of one man onely; but &s;o wi&s;ely and warily proui|ded, that were he wi&s;e or foolish, vertuous or vvicked, va<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">ant or cowardly, true or fal&s;e that ruled for the time, he might profit them, but should haue no power to ruine them him&s;elfe, or betray them to be ruined by the Tyrannie of others.</P>
<P>For this end al&s;o they cho&s;e a certaine mixed number of the Nobles and Commons to &s;it in Councell, whom they called <HI>States Generall;</HI> and in the&s;e con&s;i&s;ted a great part of the Soueraigntie, at lea&s;t power to qualifie the ouer-&s;welling torrent of Tyrannie in the Superiour, and to repre&s;&s;e and &s;tay the head&s;trong and di&s;obedient fury of the inferiour, and to &s;tand in the mid&s;t as a Modera|tor betwixt Prince and people, <HI>as our Parliaments in En|gland v&s;e to doe.</HI></P>
<PB N="14" REF="12">
<P>In the&s;e <HI>States vnited,</HI> together with their Prince, (what&s;oeuer title he bore) was the Soueraigne Power in|cluded; yet &s;o, as they had reference in all great affaires to the people al&s;o; vvho were not shut out, (like bea&s;tes by Butchers again&s;t the day of &s;laughter) but called to coun&s;ell, if the bu&s;ine&s;&s;e concerned them, and the gene|rall vvelfare. And to &s;ay truth, many of the <HI>States</HI> were of the&s;e Commons, who therefore would carefully looke to pre&s;erue the common libertie.</P>
<P>With this Councell of the <HI>States</HI> all great affaires pa&s;t; vvithout it, nothing of moment. And, that you may apprehend this cleare truth the better, I will produce &s;ome of the Articles containing their freedomes, which their Princes v&s;ed to confirme by oath in the pre&s;ence of the <HI>States,</HI> before they or the people would acknow|ledge them for Princes, that is, Iudges and Executors of the Lawe.</P>
</SP>
<FLOATEXT LANG="eng" TYPE="laws">
<HEAD>The Cu&s;tomes and Lavves fundamen|tall <HI>of the Netherland Provinces.</HI></HEAD>
<P><HI>THat no Counte&s;&s;e should marry vnto any man, but with con&s;ent and good liking of the State.</HI></P>
<P><HI>That the Offices, as of the Councell, and Rent-ma&s;ters, and Pretorships, should be conferred vpon no other, but vpon tho&s;e that were borne within the Land.</HI></P>
<P><HI>That the</HI> States <HI>shall haue libertie to a&s;&s;emble vpon them, affaires of the State; and that as often as shall plea&s;e them, without need to haue con&s;ent of the Earle for that end.</HI></P>
<P><HI>That no Tolles might be rai&s;ed or impo&s;ed, neither any man freed from tho&s;e that were formerly ordeined, but by con&s;ent of the</HI> States.</P>
<PB N="15" REF="12">
<P><HI>That the Princes should v&s;e the Dutch Language in all their Writings.</HI></P>
<P><HI>That the Coyne should be altered and appointed by the Prince, according as the</HI> States <HI>should finde it conuenient.</HI></P>
<P><HI>That the Prince might not make away any part of his Prin|cipalitie.</HI></P>
<P><HI>That the</HI> States <HI>may not bee warned to a&s;&s;emble vpon any Conuocation out of the Prouinces.</HI></P>
<P><HI>That when as the Prince should haue need of any Impo&s;itions, Collections, or Contributions, that hee him&s;elfe per&s;onally, and not by mediation of his Lieutenant, shall make interce&s;sion vn|to the</HI> States, <HI>without exacting any thing, otherwi&s;e then by a willing and free con&s;ent.</HI></P>
<P><HI>That he exerci&s;e and admini&s;ter Law and Iu&s;tice by the hand of the ordinary Iu&s;tices.</HI></P>
<P><HI>That the ancient Lawes and Cu&s;tomes being &s;acred, shouldbe inuiolably ob&s;erued; and if the Prince should ordaine any thing contrary thereunto, that no man is bound to ob&s;erue the &s;ame.</HI></P>
</FLOATEXT>
<P>The&s;e Lawes hauing bin long maintained by meere Cu&s;tome, were afterwards regi&s;tred into Articles, and &s;ub&s;igned by the Princes from time to time; to this end, that the natures of the &s;ame Princes might not be infe|cted by the euill incitations of flattering Courtiers, vnto the hope of vnlawfull domination. And at la&s;t, in re|gard that the <HI>States</HI> made complaint of their Grieuances, that the mo&s;t of the fundamentall points of the ancient Gouernement, by innouations were ouerthrowne, euen then was there a collection made of all the afore&s;aid Lawes; and &s;o by &s;ome others, but chiefly by <HI>Mary</HI> Du|che&s;&s;e of <HI>Burgondy,</HI> they were &s;ealed vp, for an euerla|&s;ting memorie.</P>
<PB N="16" REF="13">
<P>This was the &s;tate of the&s;e Prouinces, when they came into the hands of <HI>Charles</HI> the fift, who beeing a mighty Prince, (too bigge for the quiet or benefite of tho&s;e Countries) &s;ought by policie and power to melt and ca&s;t them into a new forme of Gouernement, and to vnite the <HI>&s;euenteene Prouinces</HI> in one &s;olide body, ma|king thereof a Kingdome, and him&s;elfe ab&s;olute King of that Kingdome. But, beeing hindred by &s;trong op|po&s;ition at home, and &s;tronger ingagements abroad, he was forced to leaue that worke imperfect, to bee made vp by the art and indu&s;trie of his &s;onne <HI>Philip</HI> the &s;e|cond. He onely had left the rough draught, and fir&s;t patterne of that Monarchie, which the times &s;ucceeding should polish and make perfect: to which end hee re|&s;igned the <HI>Netherlands</HI> to his &s;onne <HI>Philip</HI> the &s;econd, ve|ry early, to giue him time, and the aduantage of actiue and fortunate youth, to enter vpon this worke, and to finish it. All which was done (the Kings &s;ecret intent onely re&s;erued to him&s;elfe and his Chamber-councell) with the con&s;ent of the <HI>States Generall,</HI> who gaue him the Oath, which they admini&s;ter to all their Princes, to ob&s;erue the Cu&s;tomes of the <HI>Prouinces,</HI> and pre&s;erue their Liberties intire.</P>
<P><NOTE N="(a)" PLACE="marg">Ignorance makes de&s;pe|rate on&s;ets both in peace and warre: And youth is naturally ig|norant: &s;o neither the King by rea&s;on of his youth, nor the Spanish Councell, who altogether gouerned the King, could tell how to manage this people, being vnacquainted with their natures. And there is as great diffe|rence betwixt the Gouernement of Spaine and the Netherlands, as betwixt England and Scotland. Great rea&s;on they should therefore be gouerned by Natiues that knew them, not by &s;trangers, that did not loue them, and meant onely to make their profit of them.</NOTE>The fir&s;t on&s;et of this young Prince pre&s;ently vp|on his Inauguration, as an ouerture and <HI>omen</HI> to that which followed, was an exce&s;&s;iue demaund of money from the <HI>Netherlands,</HI> vnder pretence of paying his debts. But he could not obtaine a moitie of that which hee
<PB N="17" REF="13"> &s;ought, neither would that bee granted without a con|uocation of the generall <HI>States</HI> of the 17. <HI>Belgicke Prouin|ces.</HI> The which was wonderfully ill taken by the <HI>Spanish Councell,</HI> and by tho&s;e that inriched them&s;elues with the trea&s;ure of the peoples ruine: &s;o that &s;ome Noblemen and Gouernours of &s;ome Prouinces and Townes, were not onely in di&s;grace with the King and his Councell, but were al&s;o iudged guilty of high trea&s;on; and the Noblemen which had in any &s;ort contradicted this de|mand, were marked vnto death vpon the fir&s;t oportuni|tie that should be offered, for that they would not in|&s;tantly yeeld vnto the fir&s;t demand, without any con|uocation of the <HI>States.</HI> Notwith&s;tanding, that which was granted him (being called the <HI>Novenall ayde</HI>) amoun|ted in all, to fortie millions of Florins of <HI>Brabant</HI> mony. But this conuocation of the <HI>States Generall,</HI> was both to the King and his Councell (as it hath beene euer &s;ince) mo&s;t odious;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Meetings of the Nobles, and councels of the &s;ub|iects, odious to Tyrants.</NOTE> as we shall &s;ee by the beginning of the troubles which happened in the &s;<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">id <HI>Netherlands,</HI> whereof grew the warres, which haue continued &s;ince the yeere <HI>1566.</HI> vnto this day.</P>
<P>A while after this the King departs into <HI>Spayne,</HI> and by the meanes of the Cardinall <HI>Granvile,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">The wor&s;e Clergiman, the b<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">tter Courtier.</NOTE> (a gracious Courtier; and the more like to bee &s;o, in that hee vvas knowen to be a gracele&s;&s;e Church-man) <HI>Margaret</HI> of <HI>Au&s;tria</HI> Duche&s;&s;e of <HI>Parma</HI> ba&s;tard daughter to the Em|perour <HI>Charles</HI> the fift, and &s;o the Kings ba&s;e &s;i<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">er, was made Gouerne&s;&s;e of the <HI>Netherlands.</HI> Yet befo<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">e his de|parture, the warres vvith <HI>France</HI> beeing finished, and peace concluded, the <HI>States</HI> hauing a ielous eye for the publike libertie, and &s;eeing the <HI>Spanish</HI> &s;ouldiers g<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">rri|&s;ond in the be&s;t Townes of the <HI>Netherlands,</HI> they vvith
<PB N="18" REF="14"> the Nobility petitioned to the King, to haue them &s;ent away; and to vrge it to bee done with more &s;peed, they pre&s;ented to the King their fundamentall Principles, his Oath to pre&s;erue them inuiolate, and their farther ie|lou&s;ies and feares were not altogether denyed or di&s;&s;em|bled, but rather plainly in&s;inuated and auouched.</P>
<P>This that they de&s;ired was at la&s;t done, though &s;low|ly, and much again&s;t hayre and heart: Now therefore the <HI>Spanish</HI> Faction wrought with &s;uch of the Nobilitie as &s;ought Office, or vvere couetous either of fauour, vvealth, or honour, after a more bold and open maner; shewing plainely, that except the Countries were redu|ced to ab&s;olute obedience by forraine Garri&s;ons,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Religio~ made the maske of State, as is <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">uer v&s;ed by Tyrants and Athei&s;ts.</NOTE> and the awe of a conquering Armie, it vvas an impo&s;&s;ible work to punish the Heretickes, vvho vvould otherwi&s;e &s;o in|crea&s;e, as the Countries would be wholly lo&s;t.</P>
<P>The wi&s;er and hone&s;ter &s;ort, <HI>of what&s;oeuer opinion in Religion they were,</HI> &s;aw this &s;nare and shunned it, and gaue others warning al&s;o. Notwith&s;tanding &s;ome there vvere (as all Hiues haue &s;ome Drones, and all States haue &s;ome &s;laues bred in them) that vvere con|tented to vveare &s;etters, &s;o they might be made of gold, and they might helpe to make them.</P>
<P>But for the effecting of this, the <HI>Inqui&s;ition</HI> mu&s;t bee introduced, vvhich had before beene relected in the time of <HI>Charles</HI> the fift.<NOTE PLACE="marg">No &s;uch equal cour&s;e as is v|&s;ed in the Star-chamber.</NOTE> Accordingly a <HI>Commi&s;sion</HI> vvas &s;ent <HI>May the</HI> 11, <HI>1565.</HI> by the vvhich, according to the vvords thereof, ample and full Commi&s;&s;ion vvas giuen to the <HI>Inqui&s;itors,</HI> to make inqui&s;itions, proceedings, cor|rections and punishments, degradations, deliuerances to the &s;ecular Power, to v&s;e impri&s;onment, and appre|hen&s;ion of men, making of Proce&s;&s;es vvithout any
<PB N="19" REF="14"> forme of Iu&s;tice; choo&s;ing onely &s;ome one of the Kings Councell, vvho should be bound to giue &s;entence as they should require, according to the forme and tenor of the Apo&s;tolicke Letters vvritten touching that, with|out any attendance or requi&s;ition of the ordinary Iudge, or Dioce&s;an of the place; and that again&s;t tho&s;e that are &s;u&s;pected of Here&s;ie, or that shall reade forbid|den Bookes, or shall make A&s;&s;emblies, di&s;pute or talke of the holy Scriptures.</P>
<P><HI>Item,</HI> to call before them as often as they plea&s;e, all his Maie&s;ties &s;ubiects, of vvhat authority, power, &s;tate, qua|lity or condition vvhat&s;oeuer, be they Pre&s;idents, Coun|celours, Burgoma&s;ters, Aldermen or other Officers, to &s;weare them by Oath, again&s;t all tho&s;e they shall name, vpon paine to be punished as &s;u&s;pect and fauourers of Here&s;ie. In re&s;pect vvhereof, all Magi&s;trates, Gouer|nours, and Officers, vvere enioyned to giue all ayde, a&s;|&s;i&s;tance and fauour vnto the &s;aid <HI>Inqui&s;itors,</HI> in the exe|cution of their charge, vvhen&s;oeuer they should bee re|quired, vpon the &s;ame paines, &amp;c. be&s;ides many other things directly repugnant to all right, and the auncient Priuiledges and Cu&s;tomes of the Country.</P>
<P>Moreouer, the mo&s;t apparent and notable per&s;ons, a&s;well among the Nobles, as Merchants and Artizans, and e&s;pecially the riche&s;t, vvere already inrolled in the&s;e <HI>Inqui&s;itors</HI> Bookes to proceed again&s;t them, as again&s;t men &s;ubiect to confi&s;cation both of body and goods, at the lea&s;t in ca&s;e of repentance, to great pecuniary Fines. Thereupon vvas heard of all &s;ides the brags and threates of <HI>Inqui&s;itors, Priests</HI> and <HI>Monkes,</HI> daring to pre&s;cribe, yea to name in their Sermons the mo&s;t apparent; whereof not onely the people of <HI>Antwerpe,</HI> which heard it, and
<PB N="20" REF="15"> the Magi&s;trates, vvhich had beene daily informed, beare vvitne&s;&s;e, but al&s;o the townes of <HI>Lille, Tournay, Va|lenciennes,</HI> and others of the Countries of <HI>Flanders, Bra|bant, Holland,</HI> and <HI>Arthoys,</HI> where as the&s;e threates haue beene publiquely heard from the mouthes of the Prie&s;ts and Preachers.</P>
<P>Whereupon tho&s;e of <HI>Brabant</HI> began fir&s;t to intimate, that their Duchie was falne to the King of <HI>Spaines</HI> Prede|ce&s;&s;ors by right of Election, the vvhich depended vpon Conditions &s;worne of either &s;ide: all which Conditi|ons they &s;aid were broken, if they brought the <HI>Inqui&s;i|tion</HI> of <HI>Spayne</HI> into that Country. Tho&s;e of <HI>Brabant</HI> did al&s;o produce &s;ixe principall Articles, among others of their Priuiledges, whereof the fir&s;t was:</P>
<P N="1">1<NOTE N="(a)" PLACE="marg">This was broken by the introducing of the 14. new Bishops and their Canons.</NOTE> <HI>That the Duke of</HI> Brabant <HI>might not augment the State of the Clergie, more then it had beene in old time.</HI></P>
<P N="2"><HI>2</HI><NOTE N="(b)" PLACE="marg">This by the death of diuers of the Nobilitie, as the Earles of Horne, Eg|mond and others.</NOTE> <HI>That the Duke might not pur&s;ue ciuilly or criminal|ly, any of his naturall &s;ubiects or &s;trangers dwelling there, but by the ordinarie cour&s;e of the Iu&s;tice of the Countrey, whereas the accu&s;ed may defend and iustifie him&s;elfe by his Councell.</HI></P>
<P N="3"><HI>3</HI><NOTE N="(c)" PLACE="marg">This was infringed by new formes of exaction of the hun+dreth and twentieth peny, and of the tenth peny vpon merchandize and handiworkes.</NOTE> <HI>That the Duke may not ray&s;e any tribute or other impo&s;ition, nor attempt any innouation, without the con&s;ent of the State of the Country.</HI></P>
<P N="4"><HI>4</HI><NOTE N="(d)" PLACE="marg">This was infringed by making Spa|niards princi+pall Officers in the Nether|lands, whereas no Nether|lander had Of|fice in Spaine.</NOTE> <HI>That the Duke may not place any &s;trangers or for|rainers in any Offices of</HI> Brabant, <HI>except in certaine petty exceptions; namely, in his Court, where he may haue two &s;tran|gers
<PB N="21" REF="15"> of his Councell, &s;o as they be of the &s;ame Language; as al&s;o one that is not borne in</HI> Brabant, <HI>hauing for a time enioyed &s;ome free Seignory there, may be Pre&s;ident in the &s;ayd Court.</HI></P>
<P N="5"><HI>5 That when as the Duke would a&s;&s;emble all his Estates, were it to demand money, ayde, &s;ub&s;idues, or any other thing of his &s;ubiects, that tho&s;e of</HI> Brabant, <HI>nor the other E&s;tates of the Countrey, should not be bound to goe out of the limits of the Country, nor to conclude any thing out of it.</HI></P>
<P N="6"><HI>6 If it should happen that the Duke would re&s;traine and infringe their Priuiledges, were it by force or otherwi&s;e, in that ca&s;e his &s;ubiects of</HI> Brabant <HI>hauing made a &s;olemne prote&s;tation before, should be freed and di&s;charged of their oath and ho|mage, and as freemen may prouide for them&s;elues, as they shall thinke mo&s;t conuenient. Which priuiledges, mo&s;t part of the Townes and Prouinces did chalenge, and doe maintaine them to be in like &s;ort proper to them, and ratified by</HI> Maximilian <HI>king of</HI> Romanes, <HI>in the yeere 1488. the 16. of</HI> May; <HI>not as if then he gaue them any new Priuiledges which they had not be|fore, or which lay in his power to take away at plea&s;ure, but that he onely ratified their old Principles, as a iu&s;t Prince, who was careful to di&s;charge his dutie for their after-&s;afety and libertie.</HI></P>
<P>Be&s;ides all the&s;e allegations and propo&s;itions, in the end they dur&s;t &s;ay openly, that by the feodall Lawes, the Lord lo&s;eth the right of his Fee, by the &s;ame occa&s;ion of fellony, that the va&s;&s;all forfeits his fee vnto the Lord: inferring thereby, that by rea&s;on of the <HI>Inqui&s;ition,</HI> the which did attempt manife&s;tly again&s;t the Lands and Goods of the Kings va&s;&s;als, they might iu&s;tly forget their duty of fealty to him that brought it in by force and fraude.</P>
<PB N="22" REF="16">
<P>Notwith&s;tanding, they proceeded by vvay of Petiti|on both to the King and Gouerne&s;&s;e; and after &s;undry Petitions, at length obtained onely this fauourable mo|deration of all tyrannies and oppre&s;&s;ions, that burning should be turned into hanging; vvhereby vve &s;ee what <HI>Salomon</HI> &s;aith verified,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Pr.</HI> 12.10</NOTE> <HI>The mercies of the wicked are cruell.</HI> Yet the States continued to petition to the King, but to no purpo&s;e; for contrarie re&s;olutions were taken in <HI>Spaine,</HI> (where the King vvas in per&s;on, vvhere all councels vvere forged, and from whence they hoped for redre&s;&s;e) that all mens Goods and Lands, together with all auncient Priuiledges, should bee forfeited and lo&s;t. And the Duke of <HI>Alua,</HI> a politicke Gouernour, and great &s;ouldier, vvas &s;ent to execute all by &s;trong-hand, and reduce the Countries to ab&s;olute obedience, as if they had not beene places of inheritance, but Countries conquered. Now all the&s;e pre&s;&s;ures vvere vpon purpo&s;e ca&s;t vpon the people to di&s;content them, and force the people to rebell, vvhereby hee might haue occa&s;ion of that generall Conque&s;t, vvhich tho&s;e high-minded <HI>Spa|niards</HI> &s;uppo&s;ed to be ea&s;ie to their daring and &s;laue-&s;ub|duing &s;pirits, though the y&s;&s;ue prooues they tooke their leuell too low, and their wi&s;edomes were deceiued and much mi&s;taken in the maine matter.</P>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>Red-&s;carfe.</SPEAKER>
<P>But shall I be &s;o &s;imple as to beleeue you affirming, that the King of <HI>Spaine</HI> &s;ought to di&s;content his people, that they might rebell, and &s;o hee finde occa&s;ion to in|uade their Liberties farther? Doth not any King rather &s;eeke to rule his people in peace, then prouoke them to rebellion, vvho&s;e &s;uppre&s;&s;ion vvould both bee charge|able vnto him, and al&s;o dangerous being vncertaine?</P>
</SP>
<SP>
<PB N="23" REF="16">
<SPEAKER>Tawny-&s;carfe.</SPEAKER>
<P>You should shew your &s;elfe very wi&s;e if you could di&s;prooue it, and very &s;imple till then not to beleeue it, vpon &s;uch pregnant proofes as hath or shall bee produ|ced. The fore-mentioned practi&s;e of prouoking people to profitable offences, hath beene auncient, and is v&s;ual with Tyrants, vvho finde no plea&s;ure in commanding, except they may be ab&s;olute. And though perhaps they could bee content vvith obedience to their ab&s;olute commands vnder peaceable termes, yet if they &s;ee the lea&s;t oppo&s;ition or variation, pre&s;ently they take new Councels to mixe all in combu&s;tion and confu&s;ion, like another Chaos, thereby to rai&s;e vp the worke new ac|cording to their owne fancies, (which they preferre be|fore rea&s;on, Religion, or all lawfull delights) by the hand of power or policie.</P>
<P>Thus the in&s;ulting <HI>Spaniard</HI> thinkes it is not enough, or any thing worth, to haue the addition of Countries by acce&s;&s;e of mariage or any other title, except al&s;o hee comes in by a kinde of Conque&s;t; or, being let in vpon termes of peace, proceed to fa&s;ten vpon all by force as a Conquerour; otherwi&s;e hee thinkes hee cannot lord it enough, and there is &s;ome di&s;paragement to his inuin|cible arrogancie. Let <HI>Arragon</HI> and <HI>Portugal</HI> at home, and <HI>Naples</HI> and the&s;e parts abroad, be witne&s;&s;e of this truth, as al&s;o euery other place vvhereupon he &s;ets the print of his feet; let the fir&s;t conditions of his entry be what they will, the y&s;&s;ue is Conque&s;t, and the wor&s;t that Conque&s;t can doe.</P>
<P>And to re&s;olue you yet farther of this truth, fir&s;t, the Letters of <HI>Franci&s;co d' Allana,</HI> Amba&s;&s;adour for the King of <HI>Spayne</HI> at the French Court, vvritten to the Duche&s;&s;e
<PB N="24" REF="17"> of <HI>Parma</HI> Gouerne&s;&s;e of the <HI>Netherlands,</HI> doe manife&s;t this among&s;t many other things; vvhere hee shewes, "That the vprore happening about Images, which you mention as an haynous and capitall crime, would cau&s;e his Maie&s;tie to reape &s;o great a benefit, as to &s;ee them by that occa&s;ion reduced vvholly to his obedience, and to that e&s;tate and gouernement whereunto his Predece&s;|&s;ours could neuer attaine, and the which he hath &s;o long de&s;igned and de&s;ired; and withall, to haue the meanes (the which no good &s;eruant will coun&s;ell his Maie&s;tie to let &s;lip) to &s;ubdue<NOTE N="*" PLACE="marg">Thus al men and all States are &s;ubiected one by ano|ther: but we<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">e they &s;o wi&s;e to &s;tand one by another, tyranny could neuer preuaile with all his politique pre|tences.</NOTE> <HI>one by another</HI> whom he plea&s;ed, that might hereafter oppo&s;e them&s;elues to the good of his affaires in tho&s;e Countries.</P>
<P>Againe, in the &s;ame Letter, to effect this the better, he giues the Duche&s;&s;e in&s;tructions, how shee shall cun|ningly carry her &s;elfe to the Nobilitie of the Countrey, who &s;eeme to &s;tand for the King, &s;aying:</P>
<P>"And for that (Madam) the point which to mee &s;eemes of greate&s;t importance in this action, is to a&s;&s;ure more and more the<NOTE N="*" PLACE="marg">That is, the Nobility and States, who petitioned for r<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">dre&s;&s;e of in|iuries.</NOTE> <HI>di&s;gui&s;ed &s;eruants</HI> whom you know. Your Highne&s;&s;e I hope will not take it ill, if I doe againe aduerti&s;e you to temporize with them, and to force your &s;elfe as much as you can, to a&s;&s;ure them a&s;well by your &s;elfe, as by others &s;uborned, of the great good opi|nion and &s;atisfaction which his Maie&s;tie hath of their actions, and of the loue he beareth them; that he belee|ueth and &s;aith, that they haue done him &s;o notable a &s;er|uice, as he thinkes him&s;elfe bound vnto them, that the <HI>Netherlands</HI> are yet vnder his obedience; and that with|out their pre&s;ence and wi&s;edomes, they had either beene a prey to &s;trangers, or bathed with the bloud of his owne &s;ubiects. For although (Madam) they be cunning
<PB N="25" REF="17"> and counterfeit, as we know, yet the time and occa&s;ions doe require, that for his Maie&s;ties &s;eruice they should v&s;e the&s;e artificiall &s;peeches. And I beleeue, that your Highne&s;&s;e shall finde by experience, that they will helpe &s;omething to entertaine them, at the lea&s;t to containe them; as we haue already found, not onely by them, but al&s;o by tho&s;e<NOTE N="*" PLACE="marg">The Mar|que&s;&s;e of Ba<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">+gen, and the Baro~ of Mon|tigny, who caried the pe|tition of the States to Spaine by the Regen<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">s com|mand, and be|ing of the Nobilitie of the Netherlands, &s;tood notwith&s;tanding wholly for the King. Yet the fir&s;t of the&s;e dyed of poy&s;on &s;ecretly, as was generally &s;u&s;pected: the other was poy&s;oned by a Page, as was notoriou&s;ly knowne and confe&s;&s;ed. Anno 1567.</NOTE> <HI>two</HI> which are gone to his Maie&s;tie, with whom they haue caried the~&s;elues &s;o cunningly gi|uing the~ &s;uch intertainment, as they do not now &s;weare, but by the faith they owe vnto their Ma&s;ter. And be|&s;ides, they haue made &s;uch <HI>practi&s;es in their Families, as they cannot doe nor &s;ay any thing, but it is pre&s;ently aduerti&s;ed.</HI></P>
<P>Thus he: and by this we &s;ee the generall ayme, as I haue before laid it downe; and all men may perceiue, e&s;pecially Nobles, vvhat account is made of them, euen by &s;uch as v&s;e them to betray their Countries liberties and their owne; and what &s;pies are &s;et vpon them at home in their chambers: vvhich may make them care|full of <HI>Spanish</HI> Followers, or of any commended to them by that Faction, though aloofe off, and <HI>comming much about.</HI></P>
<P>Be&s;ides this <HI>Spanish</HI> practi&s;e, of comming in by Con|que&s;t, appeares by the Articles of adui&s;e, concluded vp|on and pronounced by the <HI>Inqui&s;ition</HI> of <HI>Spaine</HI> the 16. of <HI>February 1568.</HI> and confirmed by the King the <HI>26.</HI> fol|lowing in this manner:</P>
<P><HI>The mo&s;t &s;acred Office of the</HI> Inqui&s;ition <HI>&s;o often attempted in the</HI> Netherlands <HI>by his Maie&s;tie, and hindred vntill this
<PB N="26" REF="18"> time, shall be in&s;tituted and aduanced in this manner, which is mo&s;t expedient.</HI></P>
<P>They mu&s;t per&s;wade the<NOTE N="(1)" PLACE="marg">He was too old, and too wi&s;e, and too good, ha+uing had long experience of their euill coun&s;ell, to be ruled longer by them.</NOTE> <HI>Emperour,</HI> beeing gone a&s;tray, and wickedly confederated with Heretickes, that he re&s;igne his Kingdomes vnto his Sonne, with the vvhole admini&s;tration of the <HI>Netherlands.</HI></P>
<P><NOTE N="(2)" PLACE="marg">None of the&s;e would &s;erue their turne, grow|ing now old, and beginning to be deuout.</NOTE>That the <HI>Emperour with his two &s;i&s;ters,</HI> hauing giuen ouer all affaires, leauing the <HI>Netherlands,</HI> shall retire into <HI>Spaine</HI> to Vs, being a&s;&s;ured that they shall neuer returne more to doe any harme.</P>
<P><NOTE N="(3)" PLACE="marg">To diuide the Princes loue from the people, a prin+cipall meanes to aduance Tyrannie.</NOTE>The&s;e being di&s;patcht, we mu&s;t al&s;o <HI>draw the King to vs,</HI> and keepe him for euer that he part not, and not &s;uffer <HI>any Flemmings</HI> to haue acce&s;&s;e or conference vvith him.</P>
<P><NOTE N="(4)" PLACE="marg">Clergimen made euer in|&s;truments and actors to in+uade the liber+ties of others, if them&s;elues may be free: and the greater places and immunities they enioy, the le&s;&s;e they care for the publique.</NOTE>That the King write vnto, and commaund the <HI>Clergie</HI> of the <HI>Netherlands,</HI> that vvith the <HI>Inqui&s;ition</HI> they should accept of <HI>15.</HI> new <HI>Bishops,</HI> the which should bee free from all <HI>&s;ecular Iuri&s;diction,</HI> yea in <HI>ca&s;es of Trea&s;on.</HI></P>
<P><NOTE N="(5)" PLACE="marg">They are made by force vpon purpo&s;e, to reuolt for the Kings &s;up|po&s;ed aduan|<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">age.</NOTE>The &s;ubiects of the <HI>Netherlands</HI> through their ma|lice and waywardne&s;&s;e, will <HI>reuolt and mooue &s;editions</HI> and tumults, plea&s;ing to all but to our companie.</P>
<P><NOTE N="(6)" PLACE="marg">Old Nobi|lity odious to Tyrants, new Nobility not &s;o: for they are rai&s;ed vpon purpo&s;e to &s;erue the Prince and time.</NOTE>The Princes and Noblemen, <HI>heads and authors of tho&s;e Factions</HI> vvith the &s;ubiects, mu&s;t be <HI>taken away,</HI> and the others reduced vnto rea&s;on.</P>
<PB N="27" REF="18">
<P><NOTE N="(7)" PLACE="marg">The No|blemen had bookes pro|hibited proffe|red vnto them vnderhand by &s;pies of the Inqui&s;ition, who accu&s;ed them a&s;&s;oone as they had bought.</NOTE>They shall hire at our charge, <HI>theeues and &s;poylers of Churches and Images, who&s;e offences shall be by all the world imputed to Rebels,</HI> by &s;ome &s;ubtill meanes, and &s;o we shall vanquish them.</P>
<P><NOTE N="(8)" PLACE="marg">The vn|doing of trade and impoue|rishing of the people, a &s;tep t<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">wards Ty|rannie. So Natiues shall be weeded out, and &s;trangers placed in their &s;teads.</NOTE>That all <HI>Commerce, Negotiation, Liberties, and Priui|ledges,</HI> shalbe rooted out, and that all be reduced to ex|treame pouertie, whereby the Realme shall bee perma|nent for Vs.</P>
<P><NOTE N="(9)" PLACE="marg">Silence of Lawes, confu|&s;ion of men, office, order, al things, a &s;tep towards Ty|rannie.</NOTE>No man of all tho&s;e Countries (except hee bee of <HI>our Faction</HI>) shall be held worthy to liue; and finally all to be rooted out: and all Goods, Po&s;&s;e&s;&s;ions, Arts and Trades, and all <HI>Order to be taken away,</HI> vntill there may be a new Realme, and a new people.</P>
<P><NOTE N="(10)" PLACE="marg">Men of authoritie mu&s;t be made the bawds and brokers for Tyrannie. Cruell natures fitte&s;t for &s;uch imployment.</NOTE>In this action the wi&s;e and valiant Duke of <HI>Alua</HI> shall be imployed in per&s;on; whereas any other, were he of the bloud royall, or a Prince, shall bee of no e|&s;teeme: &s;o as being &s;u&s;pect, yea in the &s;malle&s;t matters, they mu&s;t be di&s;patcht.</P>
<P><NOTE N="(11)" PLACE="marg">Where the people can not tru&s;t the Prince, how shall the Prince tru&s;t the peopl<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">? Tyrants by being fal&s;e, learne their people to be &s;o: and whil&s;t they count and call good men Traytors, they make them &s;uch to their co&s;t in the y&s;&s;ue.</NOTE>No Contracts, Rights, Promi&s;es, Donations, Othes, Priuiledges, and &s;olemne A&s;&s;ertions of the <HI>Ne|therlands</HI> shall be of any force for the inhabitants, as be|ing guilty of high Trea&s;on.</P>
<P>Thus you &s;ee the generall purpo&s;e of a Conque&s;t and
<PB N="28" REF="19"> that deliberately, con&s;ulted and layd downe by the <HI>Spa|nish Councell,</HI> and accordingly the Emperour remooued, (who being born in the <HI>Netherlands,</HI> bare the people too great and good affection, to pre&s;&s;e them farre enough for the <HI>Spanish purpo&s;e,</HI> nature mitigating his ambition; though otherwi&s;e he could haue beene contented to &s;ee them ea&s;ily and willingly &s;ubiugated without bloud) and <HI>a new King</HI> brought in <HI>that knew not Io&s;eph,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg"><GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">xod. 1.8.</NOTE> nor might be acquainted either with his &s;eruice, or with any of his &s;tocke, who confirmed the&s;e cur&s;ed <HI>Articles</HI> before recited, and the <HI>Inqui&s;itors</HI> bloudie &s;entence thereupon, by his kingly authoritie and publike act. <HI>Anno</HI> 1568. <HI>Feb. 16.</HI></P>
<P>And awhile after (to finish and perfect this plot to the full) the Duke of <HI>Alua</HI> was &s;ent with an armie of &s;tran|gers, to enter like a Conqueror, to lay the yoke vpon them by force, and to humble them &s;o farre, as they should not onely afterward indure the Kings owne ab|&s;olute commands, but his &s;eruants al&s;o; yea the meane&s;t command of the ba&s;e&s;t va&s;&s;all that should be borne <HI>Spa|nish,</HI> and be there &s;ent to domineete. Yet after the pow|ring foorth of &s;o much bloud, when <HI>d'Alua</HI> boa&s;ted, that he had cau&s;ed <HI>18000.</HI> per&s;ons to pa&s;&s;e vnder the hands of the common Executioners, be&s;ides tho&s;e banisht and &s;laine in the warres, or murthered by the <HI>Spanish</HI> &s;ouldi|ers in peace, he left the&s;e Countries more imbroyled, and farther from the &s;ubiection de&s;ired, then he found them: hauing onely wa&s;ted his Ma&s;ters men and mo|ney, giuing the people a iu&s;t cau&s;e to di&s;claime his ty|rannous authoritie, and to brand his bea&s;tly and &s;auage domination with the&s;e exceptions, and foule a&s;pertions:</P>
<P>Fir&s;t, they charge him, that hee had coun&s;elled the
<PB N="29" REF="19"> King to v&s;e all extremities in all cau&s;es concerning the <HI>Netherlands,</HI> and was alwaies the head of &s;uch as were wor&s;t affected vnto tho&s;e <HI>Prouinces.</HI></P>
<P>That he was the onely meanes of nourishing the di&s;|like and contention betweene <HI>Dom Charles</HI> Prince of <HI>Spaine,</HI> and <HI>Dom Iohn de Au&s;tria,</HI> and betweene others and him, by his bad reports. And that hauing gotten the gouernement and charge of the <HI>Netherlands,</HI> that he had procured his in&s;tructions and commi&s;&s;ion to bee made according to his owne will and de&s;ire, conformable to that auncient hatred that he had conceiued again&s;t that Countrey; adding thereunto, that hee had beene recei|ued more<NOTE N="*" PLACE="marg">He hoped and &s;ought re&s;i&s;tance, tha<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> he might con|quer: which oppo&s;ition becau&s;e hee found not at his entrie, he forced after|wards.</NOTE> peaceably, and more friendly into the <HI>Ne|therlands,</HI> then he hoped or de&s;ired; which was onely in regard of the honour and dutie they owe vnto their na|turall Prince, and vpon the promi&s;e made by the Re|gent, the Duche&s;&s;e of <HI>Parma,</HI> that shee would haue &s;eene all things pa&s;t forgiuen &amp; forgotten, for that euery one had done his be&s;t indeuour, to the vtmo&s;t of his power for his Maie&s;ties &s;eruice, and the peace of the land. But the Duke being come, he pre&s;ently declared, that the Priuiledges and Freedomes of the Countrey, the in&s;ti|tution of the Order of the <HI>Golden Fleece,</HI> and the Priui|ledges of the Vniuer&s;itie of <HI>Lovaine,</HI> (which the King had per&s;onally &s;worne to ob&s;erue) were all forfeited and lo&s;t; thereby to hold and account the Land as a &s;trange Countrey, newly wonne and conquered by the &s;word, and therein to rule and raigne according to his will and plea&s;ure.</P>
<P>They &s;ay further, that his cruelties were &s;o vnnatu|rall and vngodly, that neither <HI>Nero, Pharaoh, Herod,</HI> nor any heathen Tyrant could euer haue deui&s;ed or inuen|ted
<PB N="30" REF="20"> greater; that hee had brought the King into con|tempt and great di&s;like of the <HI>Netherlands,</HI> altho<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">gh they vvere his patrimoniall inheritance, contrary to <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">he admonition and coun&s;ell of <HI>Aristotle</HI> giuen to <HI>Alexan|der</HI> the Great, That to the <HI>Grecians</HI> he should shew him|&s;elfe a father, and as vnto a free Nation; but to the con|quered <HI>Barbarians</HI> and &s;trangers, as a Lord and Com|mander.</P>
<P>That he had cau&s;ed iudgement to be giuen, and exe|cution to be done vpon Noblemen and great per&s;ona|ges, by &s;trangers, defamed per&s;ons, and men of ba&s;e con|dition and qualitie, and not without great and particu|lar de&s;ire of reuenge; being &s;uch per&s;onages, without the vvhich the King, nor the Emperour his father, should euer haue attained to &s;o great e&s;tate and glorie. And that in <HI>Bruxels</HI> vnder pretence of hatted of Religion, he had tyed one <HI>Anthony Vtenhow</HI> a Gentleman, to a &s;take with a chaine, compa&s;&s;ing him about with a great fire, but not touching him, for the <HI>Spaniards</HI> to pa&s;&s;e the time withall, turning him round about like a poore bea&s;t; who was forced to liue in that great paine and extremi|tie, roa&s;ting before the fire &s;o long, vntill that the <HI>Hol|landers</HI> them&s;elues hauing compa&s;&s;ion of him, thru&s;t him thorow, contrary to the vvill and intent both of the Duke and <HI>Spanish</HI> Prie&s;ts.</P>
<P><NOTE PLACE="marg">Marke well the&s;e wayes of Conque&s;t and Tyranny.</NOTE>That he had mooued the King to helpe him&s;elfe by foure tyrannicall meanes; fir&s;t, <HI>to di&s;arme the Countrey,</HI> not &s;uffering the inhabitants to exerci&s;e Armes, but im|ploy &s;trangers in his warres: Secondly, <HI>to make and keepe them poore by oppre&s;sions, and laying great taxes vpon them:</HI> Thirdly, <HI>by making of Castles and Cittadels</HI> (vvhich &s;ome call the dennes and ne&s;ts of Tyrants) to bridle them:
<PB N="31" REF="20"> and further, <HI>by feeding and nourishing of Diui&s;ion</HI> among his &s;ubiects for Religion.</P>
<P>They obiect, that he had with holden the King for &s;o many yeeres (notwith&s;tanding tho&s;e great dangers the Country &s;tood in, and the need of his pre&s;ence) from comming per&s;onally into the <HI>Netherlands,</HI> as the Empe|rour his father did, onely for the troubles of the towne of <HI>Gand.</HI></P>
<P>That hee had incen&s;ed the King &s;o much again&s;t the <HI>Netherlanders,</HI> as he would not vouch&s;afe to heare them,<NOTE PLACE="marg">If a Prince b<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">|gin once to hate a people, then his eares &s;tand euer op<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> to all &s;ini&s;ter informations. And there can be no better flatterie, and &s;o no better Court-&s;eruice then to bring him a f<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">l&s;e cal<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> to incen&s;e him farther.</NOTE> but rather to heare flatterers, their enemies; as it appea|red by a packet of Letters &s;ent into <HI>Spaine,</HI> where they were kept vnopened nine moneths together, vntill the comming of Cardinall <HI>Granville</HI> into <HI>Spaine.</HI></P>
<P>That he had contemned the generall <HI>Estates</HI> of the <HI>Netherlands;</HI> per&s;ecuting, iudging, condemning, and exe+cuting the Nobilitie and Gentlemen thereof, as traytors to their Countrey, becau&s;e they onely pre&s;ented an humble Petition to the Dutche&s;&s;e of <HI>Parma</HI> being Re|gent, to craue an A&s;&s;embly of the Generall <HI>E&s;tates.</HI></P>
<P>That he was not contented to haue de&s;troyed and brought &s;o many Noblemen, Gentlemen, rich&punc; and poore people vnto their ends, and to haue banished and driuen &s;o many out of their Countrey, but had &s;o hard|ly and badly v&s;ed tho&s;e that remained in the Countrey, as they were falne into de&s;paire, and were pitied and la|mented in all Kings and Princes Courts: vvhereby tho&s;e that were in the Land, had beene compelled to ioyne with the banished per&s;ons, when as they percei|ued, that the Pardon made by the Pope and the King, by his onely meanes and procurement, tended onely to<NOTE N="(a)" PLACE="marg">Gracious Pardon<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">, holy Di&s;pen&s;ation<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"></NOTE> deceit, as being full of double interpretations, excep|tions,
<PB N="32" REF="21"> and re&s;trictions, whereon they might not tru&s;t; the<NOTE N="(a)" PLACE="marg">This was the ca&s;e be|twixt Catho|like and Ca|tholike. Marke it, O all ye English Catholikes, it is not &s;uffici|ent to be Ro+mish Catho|lickes, except ye he Spanish Catholickes al&s;o.</NOTE> <HI>Netherlands</HI> for the mo&s;t part, that are a people that commonly are good, old, and Catholike Chri&s;ti|ans, being e&s;teemed for Heretickes by the new Spanish <HI>Mauritane Christians,</HI> for which cau&s;e many &s;pirituall per&s;ons fearing the rigour and crueltie v&s;ed, by punish|ing and banishing of the people, procured atte&s;tations, certificates, and te&s;timonials from their Bishops and Pa|&s;tors, to te&s;tifie them to be cleere, and not to haue of|fended, who&s;e names he cau&s;ed to bee written and &s;ent into <HI>Spaine,</HI> thereby to bring the Spiritualtie into &s;u&s;pi|tion of Here&s;ie, and &s;o to bereaue them of all honour and credit, &s;eeking to bring the &s;pirituall goods and li|uings of the Countries of the <HI>Netherlands</HI> into the Kings hands, after the <HI>Spanish</HI> manner, thereby to be&s;tow them vpon the <HI>Spaniards.</HI></P>
<P>That his crueltie appeared by his ran&s;acking, &s;poi|ling, ruining, expelling, de&s;troying, impri&s;oning, chay|ning, banishing, and confi&s;cating of mens goods, bur|ning, hanging, beheading, breaking vpon vvheeles, han|ging men aliue by the feete, and vvith mo&s;t horrible and incredible tormenting, racking, and murthering of &s;o many noble and vnnoble, rich and poore, young and old, widowes and orphans, men, women, and young maides, of all e&s;tates and conditions: &s;o as hee bragged &s;itting at meate, that he, hauing done the be&s;t he could doe to root out all Here&s;ies, had cau&s;ed eighteene thou|&s;and men to be executed and put to death by the ordi|narie mini&s;ter of Iu&s;tice, within the &s;pace of &s;ixe yeres that he gouerned the <HI>Netherlands,</HI> not accounting tho&s;e that his &s;oldiers in the <HI>Netherlands</HI> by the warres, by their cruelties, and other tyrannous meanes had murthered
<PB N="33" REF="21"> and mi&s;erably con&s;umed and brought vnto their ends, which without all doubt could not chu&s;e but bee an in|numerable number: and yet <HI>Vergas</HI> the Pre&s;ident of his bloudie Councell, that went with him into <HI>Spaine,</HI> com|plained and &s;aid, that <HI>nimia mi&s;ericordia,</HI> too much mer|cie, &s;poyled the <HI>Netherlands:</HI> which too much mercie of his was &s;uch, that a man could hardly keepe and pre|&s;erue his owne goods from &s;poile, becau&s;e of his and his &s;ouldiers couetou&s;nes; nor his vvife and daughter from abu&s;e, becau&s;e of their lecherie, nor his life from vio|lence, becau&s;e of their bloud-thir&s;tine&s;&s;e: neither could Nobilitie, riches, hone&s;tie, nor yet any fore-pa&s;&s;ed merit or &s;eruice, helpe or auaile any man, if he were once fal|len into hatred and di&s;like of him.</P>
<P>That he v&s;ed to helpe him&s;elfe to effect his will by &s;uborning of fal&s;e witne&s;&s;es, at it appeared at <HI>Dornicke</HI> at the death of <HI>Martin Hutten,</HI> who was the Kings Officer, executed for the &s;ame.</P>
<P>That without re&s;pect of any iuri&s;dictions and ordina|rie Cu&s;tomes of the Countrey, hee tooke all authority from the Iudges, both of criminall and ciuill cau&s;es, which in any wi&s;e might concerne the Confi&s;cations v|&s;ed and executed by his bloudie Councels; whereby nei|ther &s;pirituall nor temporall per&s;ons, widowes nor or|phans, poore Ho&s;pitals, Lazer-hou&s;es, Orphans hou&s;es, nor &s;pirituall Ho&s;pitals, that had iu&s;t and due pen&s;ions, and yeerely Rents comming, proceeding, and to bee yeerely payed vnto them out of the reuenues of the ba|nished and executed per&s;ons goods, could be payed; but he to the contrarie, dr<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">w it all into his owne hands, without giuing any charge to &s;ee the &s;aid Rents payed out of the confi&s;cated goods and lands once regi&s;tred,
<PB N="34" REF="22"> the li&s;t whereof he &s;ent vnto the King, amounting (as he &s;et it downe) to about eight millions of Guldernes yeerely, that &s;o he might couer his cruelty with the pro|fit thereof, and thereby winne great commendation in <HI>Spaine.</HI></P>
<P>That the vnrea&s;onable and vn&s;peakable exactions and taxes the one following the other, (be&s;ides the con|fi&s;cations afore&s;aid) exacted and laid vpon the poore people were exceeding great, as the hundreth peny gran|ted vnto him for &s;ixe yeeres, which amounted vnto ma|ny millions of Guldernes; the twentieth peny, and al&s;o he asked the tenth penie of all goods mooueable and vnmooueable, yea and of all wares bought and &s;old, and &s;ought by all the meanes he could, to rai&s;e the &s;ame (a|gain&s;t the aduice of all the E&s;tates and Councels of the Countrey) not onely proceeding of the cleare gaines of the things &s;old, but the tenth and twentieth peny of the capitall and principall value of all things &s;old: &s;o as they should haue driuen all Trade of Merchandize, han|dicrafts, and dealings (whereby the Inhabitants for the mo&s;t part get their liuings) out of the <HI>Netherlands;</HI> which exaction hee thought with all rigour and extremitie to haue rai&s;ed and put in practi&s;e, if he had not beene im|peached and hindred from the &s;ame by the warres; wher|as before that, the Countrey gaue him twenty hundred thou&s;and Guldernes yeerely, be&s;ides certaine extraordi|narie millions continually payed. To conclude, he cau|&s;ed the King and the <HI>Netherlands</HI> in &s;ixe yeeres gouerne|ment to &s;pend at the lea&s;t fiftie two millions of Gul|dernes, which came for the mo&s;t part out of the <HI>Nether|lands</HI> pur&s;es</P>
<P>That he cau&s;ed the English Merchants goods that did
<PB N="35" REF="22"> traffique in <HI>Antwerpe,</HI> (vpon hatred of Religion, and thinking thereby to driue them from thence) amoun|ting to &s;euen hundred thou&s;and Guldernes,<NOTE PLACE="marg">This money belonged to the Merchants of Genoa, as is afterward shewed.</NOTE> to be arre+&s;ted vnder pretence of money that should bee arre&s;ted and withholden from him in <HI>England,</HI> (which neuerthe|le&s;&s;e appeared to be none of his) writing to the King of <HI>Spaine</HI> to doe the like, without any con&s;ideration, that the <HI>Netherlands</HI> had more to lo&s;e in <HI>England;</HI> who thereby lo&s;t in <HI>England</HI> twelue hundred thou&s;and Guldernes, wherewith the mo&s;t worthy and famous Queene of <HI><GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">n|gland</HI> recompenced her &s;ubiects for their lo&s;&s;es: But the Duke of <HI>Alua,</HI> neither yet the King of <HI>Spaine,</HI> vvould not offer, promi&s;e, or pay the <HI>Netherlands</HI> one peny; not|with&s;tanding afterwards, that by the reckoning made by the Merchants on both &s;ides, he (hauing receiued in the Merchants names, about two hundred thou&s;and Guldernes of ouerplus found to be in the English Mer|chants hands) would not giue it vnto tho&s;e per&s;ons that had lo&s;t it, as the Queene of <HI>England</HI> did; but rather cau|&s;ed many men (by rea&s;on of &s;topping the Trade) to be|come Bankrupts, to the generall hurt and preiudice of the whole Countrey. Be&s;ides, for want of paying his &s;ouldiers, hee &s;uffered them, without all militarie di&s;ci|pline, to v&s;e all ryotous, di&s;ordered, and forcible actions; as threatning of the people, &s;triking, robbing, ran&s;ack|ing, forcing of women, and &s;uch like actions, and to burne and &s;poile diuers faire Villages, as <HI>Catwicke</HI> vpon the Sea, <HI>Santfort, Alfen,</HI> and many others; and ra<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">&s;ack|ing diuers Townes, to murther the people, thinking to haue entred forcibly into <HI>Vtrecht</HI> and other townes, and to haue &s;poyled and ran&s;ackt the &s;ame: what they did to <HI>Dornicke, Valencia, Ypre, Mastricht, Deuenter, Me<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">helen,
<PB N="36" REF="23"> Oudenard, Dermonde, Naerden,</HI> and el&s;ewhere, is yet in mo&s;t fearefull remembrance.</P>
<P>In his time in <HI>Bruxels,</HI> there was aboue one hundred and thirty Burgers murthered, and cruelly brought vn|to their ends by the <HI>Spaniards.</HI> In <HI>Gand</HI> in a ce<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">taine vp|rore made by the <HI>Spaniards,</HI> there was &s;ixtie or &s;euentie Burgers at one time, and after that an innumerable number of men and women &s;laine and murthered. In <HI>Ypre</HI> likewi&s;e at the execution of a Preacher, there was two and twenty Burgers shot thorow and killed, be&s;ides tho&s;e that were hurt.</P>
<P>In <HI>Dornicke</HI> at a certaine vprore betweene them of the Ca&s;tle, and the townes Garri&s;on, two <HI>Spaniards</HI> beeing &s;laine, they cryed <HI>Spania, Spania,</HI> and therewith wilfully killed fifteene Burgers: and there likewi&s;e they forcibly entred into the widow <HI>Pottiers</HI> hou&s;e in the day time, and killed her daughter and her cou&s;in, thinking to haue found great &s;tore of money in her hou&s;e; for the which there was no other execution done vpon the offenders, but onely they that had done the deed, were &s;ent away from thence, and put into another Garri&s;on.</P>
<P>In <HI>Fle&s;singue</HI> was there not a Bill found about <HI>Pacieco,</HI> (that was kept pri&s;oner by them) wherein was the names of an innumerable number of men both Gentle|men and others of the chiefe&s;t Bourgers, which by the Dukes commandement should haue beene murthered in the yeere 1572. in diuers townes, thereby to compell them to yeeld to the tenth penie? What horrible mur|thers were done and committed in <HI>Naerden</HI> and <HI>Harlem,</HI> contrarie to the faithfull promi&s;es made in <HI>Dom Frede|rickes</HI> name, is manife&s;tly knowne to euery man: where he cau&s;ed all the &s;oldiers (not &s;paring their young boyes
<PB N="37" REF="23"> and Pages) to be executed, &s;uffering their dead bodies &s;tarke naked to lie a whole day and a night vpon the &s;caffolds, and in the market place, to the great shame and feare of the women and maids; and &s;ome of them that had deliuered the Towne vnto him, he determined to &s;end them into <HI>Spaine</HI> to be Galley-&s;laues, and tho&s;e that lay in the<NOTE N="*" PLACE="marg">A Sconce &s;o called neere Haerlem.</NOTE> <HI>Fuyck</HI> by <HI>Harlem,</HI> he &s;uffered them to die for hunger, &s;aying, <HI>That he promi&s;ed them their liues, but not to giue them meate.</HI> The good Bourgers he compelled to be Pioners before the towne of <HI>Alcmar,</HI> that &s;o hee might bring them vnto their ends.</P>
<P>There is no hone&s;t nor godly Chri&s;tian, but abhor|reth and is ashamed to doe any iniuries vnto the bodies of the dead; and the buriall of the dead is thought a fit and an honourable thing among&s;t the Heathens and Barbarians: but the Duke of <HI>Alua</HI> cau&s;ed diuers dead bodies (to &s;pite both God and man) after they had beene buried and lien certaine dayes in the ground; to be dig|ged vp againe, and to bee drawne vnder the Gallowes, and there to be hanged or burnt; alledging, that they died without receiuing the Sacrament, or being confe&s;t: but in truth it was done onely, that according to his Proclamation, he might confi&s;cate their goods.</P>
<P>The &s;tate of marriage (the onely foundation of all &s;ocietie in euery place and Towne, and the bond of loue and peace, the right ground of all good life and conuer&s;ation among&s;t men, which mo&s;t con&s;i&s;teth in true and right con&s;ent) was by the Duke of <HI>Alua</HI> broken and di&s;annulled; for that the parties that were married in the <HI>reformed A&s;&s;emblies,</HI> were held as Heretickes vnle&s;&s;e they married againe, (which many did) intending therby to be&s;tow the rich women vpon his &s;ouldiers for a pri&s;e.</P>
<PB N="38" REF="24">
<P>To conclude, he did openly breake and di&s;annull all hone&s;t amitie and loue, that one man is bound to shew vnto another, murthering and executing vvomen that holpe their husbands, and children that comforted their parents in their vttermo&s;t and greate&s;t extremities, and &s;uch as did but comfort them with a Letter; as was to be &s;eene in the towne of <HI>Mastricht,</HI> vvhere the father was cruelly put to death becau&s;e he lodged his &s;onne (that he had not &s;eene in a long time before) one night; and an|other, becau&s;e he gaue a poore widow (vvho&s;e husband had beene put to death for Religion) certaine corne for almes; another, for that he &s;ent certaine money vnto his friend which was then in <HI>England,</HI> and confi&s;cated the goods of many hone&s;t and rich women, becau&s;e they had lodged their husbands in their hou&s;es, whereby they were compelled to begge their bread.</P>
<P>Hee likewi&s;e prophaned the holy Sacrament of Bap|ti&s;me, cau&s;ing the children that had beene openly and publikely baptized <HI>in the Name of the Father, of the Sonne, and of the holy Gho&s;t,</HI> to be baptized againe, becau&s;e they had beene baptized (as hee &s;aid) by Heretickes, vvhich vvas again&s;t the Decrees of Councels, and all the Lawes both of God and man.</P>
<P>To shew his extreme pride and high minde, in the Ca&s;tle of <HI>Antwerpe</HI> he cau&s;ed his image to bee made and erected of bra&s;&s;e, (like <HI>Nebuchadnezzar</HI>) placing vnder his feet the <HI>Nobilitie and States of the Countries of the Ne|therlands:</HI> and at <HI>Antwerpe</HI> in the market-place, where he published a Pardon, he cau&s;ed a princely Throne to be erected, which is v&s;ed to be &s;et vp, onely therewith to honour Princes and Kings, which he of him&s;elfe cau|&s;ed to be &s;et vp and &s;ate thereon, to the diminishing of
<PB N="39" REF="24"> the Kings honour, vvhich no Lieutenant to the King before him dur&s;t attempt.</P>
<P>This is part of that vvherewith the Countries of the <HI>Netherlands,</HI> both of the one and the other Religion doe charge your great and glorious Duke of <HI>Alua,</HI> who vvent out of his command like a &s;nuffe in the no&s;trils of all the <HI>Netherlanders,</HI> that loued their Countries li|berties, how&s;oeuer they varied in points and opinions of Religion.</P>
<P>After his departure the King &s;ent the great Com|mander of <HI>Ca&s;tile,</HI> not to moderate any thing of his Pre|dece&s;&s;ors tyrannie, but to pur&s;ue it more couertly and cunningly. In his time, vnder colour of a mutinie, <HI>An|twerpe, Bruxels, Ma&s;tricht, Alost,</HI> with diuers other places, (beeing then vnder the peaceable gouernement of the King) were &s;urpri&s;ed by the Spanish Souldiers, ran&s;ackt and burnt, as if they had beene townes of enemies, and at la&s;t forced to redeeme their owne liberty, by &s;atisfying the Souldier their vnrea&s;onable demands; &s;o vnderhand paying the Kings Army. The Captaine of the&s;e coun|terfeit Mutineers was one <HI>Ieronymo de Rhoda</HI> a Prie&s;t; who (as it plainely appeares) had &s;ecret in&s;tructions to mu|tine, or pretend Rebellion, or doe, or counterfeit any other falshood, which might impouerish the people, make them vnable to re&s;i&s;t any violence, and &s;o faci|liate the Kings maine end of Conque&s;t, and ab&s;olute &s;ubiection of tho&s;e Countries to Tyrannie. According|ly (the great Commander being dead) hee tooke vpon him, by &s;ome priuate in&s;truction from <HI>Spaine,</HI> to rule all: whil&s;t notwith&s;tanding by publike Decree the King had e&s;tablished the <HI>Generall Estates</HI> in the Gouernment. But it plainely appeared, the face and heart of the&s;e de|&s;ignes
<PB N="40" REF="25"> and actions was not all one. For how&s;oeuer the publike countenance &s;tood for the <HI>States,</HI> the &s;ecret in|tent was that <HI>Rhoda</HI> should gouerne; which he knowing, v&s;urped the Kings name, authoritie, and Seale, and re|turning into <HI>Spaine</HI> afterward, in &s;tead of punishment, vvas vvell rewarded for it: becau&s;e, though he cro&s;t the publike Act of the King, yet he performed the &s;ecret in|tent, and priuate in&s;truction giuen him. And this vvas manife&s;tly di&s;couered at the comming of <HI>Dom Iohn of Au&s;tria</HI> to gouerne, vvho was forbidden to &s;peake, or &s;ee <HI>Rhoda,</HI> or giue him any countenance, but to demeane him&s;elfe towards him, as if he had beene an enemy and Rebell, yet vnderhand to carry him&s;elfe in the Gouern|ment of tho&s;e Countries, onely as he should be directed by the in&s;tructions of <HI>Rhoda.</HI></P>
<P>Thus <HI>Dom Iohn</HI> &s;eemed to hold altogether with the Nobles and with the Countrey, to pitie their pre&s;&s;ures, to promi&s;e a &s;peedy redre&s;&s;e of all grieuances; notwith|&s;tanding all this was but fained to betray them; for hee &s;ought and aymed at the &s;ame end that all the re&s;t had done before, though after a new manner; labouring to winne and conquer one part by another, and to diuide the Countries, that he might rule as hee li&s;t. All this plot vvas di&s;clo&s;ed by the prouidence of God, who (be|ing no <HI>Tyrant,</HI> but a <HI>father</HI> him&s;elfe) is an enemy to all oppre&s;&s;ion and tyranny; and beeing <HI>Truth it &s;elfe,</HI> hates all di&s;&s;imulation and falshood: for a Letter of the Kings to <HI>Dom Iohn</HI> was intercepted, wherein all the&s;e &s;nares, traines, and plots, vvere amply layd downe and delineated to life, for the better execution of them when time &s;erued. Vpon which, the whole State be|holding nothing that might mooue them to hope for
<PB N="41" REF="25"> reformation, but vvhat might cau&s;e them rather to de|&s;paire of faire dealing, they altogether agreed and re&s;ol|ued to renounce their allegeance to the King of <HI>Spayne,</HI> and finally to declare him falne by Tyrannie from the Seignorie, Principalitie, Iuri&s;diction, and Inheritance of tho&s;e Countries; vvhich accordingly they did, <HI>Anno</HI> 1581. by publike act.</P>
<P>And here you &s;ee &s;ome of the true cau&s;es of their fi|nall breaking off from their obedience, and many of the new pre&s;&s;ures you &s;o earne&s;tly enquire after; all which you mu&s;t needes iu&s;tifie for rea&s;onable, if you be a rea|&s;onable creature, and haue not the eyes of your vnder|&s;tanding, as well as of your faith, &s;eeled vp with a fether from one of tho&s;e <HI>Romish Gee&s;e</HI> that kept the Capitoll; or put cleane out by the application of <HI>Spanish Catholicon</HI> tempered vvith golden Drugges of the Ea&s;t and We&s;t <HI>Indies.</HI></P>
<P>For is it not rea&s;onable, that hee who di&s;claimes his owne intere&s;t, vvhich is right and ju&s;t, though not &s;o large as he de&s;ires, and flyes to another vvhich is an&s;we|rable to his de&s;ire in the extent, though vniu&s;t and vio|lent, should lo&s;e the iu&s;t title which he di&s;claymes, and receiue no manner of benefit from it? In ca&s;e of tenures (I haue heard) that our Common Law (which is for the mo&s;t part grounded vpon Rea&s;on) &s;ayth; That if a Te|nant for life &s;eekes to the prejudice of another per&s;on, to chalenge a &s;tate of Inheritance, and to pleade it; being euicted therein, he lo&s;eth his fir&s;t title, and cannot fall backe to a&s;&s;ume that Right vvhich before he di&s;auowed. But you will &s;ay, The King of <HI>Spaine</HI> did not di&s;auow his title of Inheritance by birth. I an&s;were, by wordes (per|haps) he did not; but it is plaine, that by ouert acts hee
<PB N="42" REF="26"> did, vvhen he &s;ought to <HI>conquer his owne Inheritance;</HI> and &s;o taught the people <HI>to re&s;ist him as a common and publike enemie, who &s;ought the &s;ubuer&s;ion of their fundamentall Lawes and Liberties, and the bondage of their Countrey.</HI> Thus for|getting his owne duty fir&s;t, hee taught them to forget theirs afterwards; and &s;eeking to inthrall them vniu&s;tly, he gaue them a iu&s;t cau&s;e and ground of farther liberty.</P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>Red-&s;carfe.</SPEAKER>
<P>The Duke of <HI>Alua</HI> had neuer charge from <HI>Spaine,</HI> nor neuer intention of his owne to bring an <HI>Inqui&s;ition</HI> into the <HI>Netherlands;</HI> this is but a meere calumnie which hath beene &s;pread abroad, and giuen out by the &s;editi|ous, to fo&s;ter the ob&s;tinacie of the people: but had the <HI>Inqui&s;ition</HI> beene brought into the <HI>Netherlands,</HI> it had but returned from whence in long fore-going yeres it came: for you mu&s;t note, that the <HI>Inqui&s;ition</HI> was neuer inuen|ted or brought vp in <HI>Spaine,</HI> or there euer intended for Prote&s;tants, &s;eeing it vvas in the world many ages be|fore euer the world was acquainted with the name of the Prote&s;tants, or with any &s;uch kinde of people as Prote&s;tants are: for the Emperour <HI>Charles</HI> the Great, who liued about eight hundred yeeres pa&s;t, did fir&s;t pro|mulgate and put it in practi&s;e; and the cau&s;e was, that after the <HI>Saxons</HI> in their Countrey of <HI>Saxonie, (Holland,</HI> and tho&s;e annexed Prouinces beeing at that time part of the nether <HI>Saxonie</HI>) had beene brought from Pagani&s;me to Chri&s;tianity; this pious Emperour hauing greatly fur|thered it, he had no &s;ooner turned his backe by rea&s;on of his being impeached with warres in other parts, but the&s;e <HI>Saxons</HI> turned from Chri&s;tianity backe againe to Pagani&s;me; and for &s;uch Apo&s;tata's and for&s;akers of the Faith, he ordayned an <HI>Inqui&s;ition,</HI> the memory whereof
<PB N="43" REF="26"> gaue example, that &s;ome ages after it was renued and put in practi&s;e in <HI>Spaine,</HI> for &s;uch <HI>Moores</HI> and <HI>Iewes,</HI> as hauing receiued the character of Chri&s;t, fell back againe to Mahometi&s;me and Iudai&s;me; and albeit this <HI>Inqui&s;i|tion</HI> was neuer intended (as before is &s;aid) to haue beene renued in the <HI>Netherlands,</HI> yet peraduenture it might haue prooued as nece&s;&s;arie, vvhen &s;ignes appeared of the good di&s;po&s;ition of &s;ome there a&s;well to Mahome|ti&s;me as to Iudai&s;me. For diuers that are yet liuing haue &s;eene written vpon the Targets or Rounda&s;&s;es vvhich &s;ome of the&s;e <HI>Geus</HI>-gallants did beare, their re&s;olution thereunto, in the&s;e words, <HI>Rather Turkish then Popish;</HI> vvhich is in effect, <HI>Rather Mahomet then Chri&s;t:</HI> and <HI>Hol|landers</HI> report them&s;elues, that &s;ome of their Countri|men haue beene &s;o edified in the pre&s;ent Synagogue at <HI>Am&s;terdam,</HI> that they haue relinquished their Chri&s;tiani|tie, and are become <HI>Iewes;</HI> and for defect of an <HI>Inqui&s;i|tion,</HI> had not any thing &s;aid vnto them for it; nor mu&s;t they, where profe&s;&s;ion is made of &s;uch con&s;cience-liber|tie, that euery man may chu&s;e what he will beleeue, or whether he will beleeue any thing or nothing.</P>
<P>But this may &s;eeme the le&s;&s;e wonder, when there haue beene found among the&s;e <HI>Geu&s;es,</HI> a companie that marched vnder the <HI>En&s;igne of the Deuill;</HI> for &s;o was the En&s;igne called, becau&s;e there were depicted therein the Deuils clawes, vvhich many that are yet liuing, haue &s;eene di&s;played in the towne of <HI>Leire</HI> in <HI>Brabant,</HI> at &s;uch time as it &s;tood out in rebellion again&s;t the King: and &s;o may you now &s;ee how rebellion again&s;t the King, and rebellion again&s;t God doe concurre together; for where|as ancient good Chri&s;tians hauing beene taught by the example of the mo&s;t glorious Chri&s;tian Emperour <HI>Con|&s;tantinus
<PB N="44" REF="27"> Magnus</HI> to fight vnder the &s;igne of the Cro&s;&s;e, the&s;e new contrary Chri&s;tians abhorring that &s;igne, haue more deuotion to the <HI>clawes of the deuill,</HI> a wel-de|ui&s;ed and befitting en&s;igne for &s;uch as fought vnder it.</P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>Tawny-&s;carfe.</SPEAKER>
<P>Whereas you &s;ay that the Duke of <HI>Alua</HI> had neuer any charge from <HI>Spaine,</HI> or intention of his owne to bring an <HI>Inqui&s;ition</HI> into the <HI>Netherlands,</HI> affirming this report to be a meere calumnie; I mu&s;t tell you, he had not onely in&s;tructions to bring in the <HI>Inqui&s;ition,</HI> as hath been for|merly manife&s;ted; but, as if that had not bin &s;ufficient to vexe and exa&s;perate the people, by violating their pri|uiledges or principles of State, he creates <HI>a bloudy Councell,</HI> or <HI>Councell of troubles,</HI> whereof hee made &s;ome <HI>Netherlan|dish</HI> Lords, (<HI>who had giuen ayme</HI> whil&s;t their Country was brought into bondage, or were <HI>v&s;ed as instruments</HI> to captiuate it the &s;ooner and &s;afer by their ayde) the sha|dow of this <HI>Tyranny,</HI> whil&s;t <HI>Spaniards</HI> onely (vvho vvere ioyned in the &s;ame Commi&s;&s;ion) &s;wayed the whole bu|&s;ine&s;&s;e; and all other Councels, whether Prouinciall, or that of the Councell of E&s;tate it &s;elfe, were &s;ubiected to this; and by this means all things reduced to the &s;ole ar|bitrement and ab&s;olute will of the Duke him&s;elfe, vvho had full and &s;oueraigne authoritie from the King;<NOTE N="*" PLACE="marg">The King gaue the duke more authori|tie then he him&s;elfe had, becau&s;e by that meanes he hoped to haue it the better him&s;elf afterward. So he gaue what he &s;ought, to receiue backe with aduan|tage. An old point of Law-cunning, to gaine a title by forged pre&s;idents. Euery wran|gling Attur|ney knowes this tricke.</NOTE> <HI>not tyed nor limited</HI> to any in&s;tructions, but was <HI>inue&s;ted with libertie, freely to giue &s;entence in any thing at plea&s;ure.</HI></P>
<P>And vvhereas concerning the originall of the <HI>Inqui&s;i|tion,</HI> you &s;ay (like a learned Antiquary) it vvas begotten by <HI>Charlemain</HI> the Emperor, vvho liued 800. yeres &s;ince, and brought vp in <HI>Germany</HI> not in <HI>Spaine,</HI> but thither ca|ried onely for the v&s;e of <HI>Moores</HI> and <HI>Iewes,</HI> and might be profitably (as you &s;ay) returned into the <HI>Netherlands</HI>
<PB N="45" REF="27"> againe, to keepe them from turning <HI>Turkes</HI> and <HI>Iewes,</HI> to vvhich you finde them very prone: I an&s;wer in a vvord, that the tyrannies of the <HI>Spaniard,</HI> and their impure and bea&s;tly conuer&s;ation, with their abominable Idolatries, doth more &s;candalize the <HI>Moores</HI> and <HI>Iewes,</HI> and keepe backe, and driue more of them from the Faith, then can be reuoked by the <HI>Inqui&s;ition,</HI> or any other &s;uch bloudy cour&s;e. And me thinkes, it is better, among&s;t euils, to bee a profe&s;t <HI>Turke</HI> or <HI>Iew,</HI> then a counterfeit, cruell, proud, couetous, bloudy and barbarous Chri&s;tian; <HI>though</HI> (as one &s;aith) <HI>it were better to be no man, then either of both.</HI> Wherfore I would haue a generall <HI>Inqui&s;ition</HI> in all coun|tries of Chri&s;tendome, onely to finde out &s;uch as vvere <HI>hi&s;paniolized</HI> in the Dominions of other Princes; and &s;uch would I haue worthily put to the &s;ame torments vvhich they inflict vpon others for their con&s;ciences. Tho&s;e <HI>Turks</HI> and <HI>Iewes</HI> you &s;peake of, vvould I haue con|uerted by prayers, di&s;putations, and good examples of vertue and ju&s;tice: for no man hath &s;ure hold vpon that con&s;cience, which is retained by force from its own choyce and liberty; and therefore you finde fault very wi&s;ely, for that euery man may beleeue what hee li&s;t in the <HI>Netherlands,</HI> as if your holy <HI>Inqui&s;ition</HI> had power to make a man beleeue what it li&s;t in <HI>Spaine;</HI> you may force men to confe&s;&s;e, perhaps, but you cannot force them to beleeue; which is an action of the will &s;ubiect to no vio|lence, but the force of per&s;wa&s;ion, or the holy Spirits motion. And therefore con&s;idering what a heauy iudg|ment lyes vpon them, and how their eyes, eares, and hearts are &s;eeled and &s;ealed vp, that <HI>they cannot &s;ee, heare, and vnder&s;tand,</HI> Rom. 11.9 10, 11, 12. it were rather fit for Chri&s;tians to pitie them, and pray for their conuer&s;ion,
<PB N="46" REF="28"> then by cruelties to per&s;ecute them, and &s;o to cau&s;e them to hate and abhorre the Name of Chri&s;t, and the profe&s;|&s;ion of Chri&s;tianity yet more then they do. <HI>Dauid</HI> in the <HI>59.</HI> P&s;alme, ver&s;. 11. doth learne vs to make better v&s;e of their neighbourhood, then to become their butchers.</P>
<P>As for that which you charge diuers of the <HI>Geu&s;es</HI> withall, that they marched vnder an En&s;igne whereup|on was depicted the <HI>deuils clawes,</HI> which you oppo&s;e a|gain&s;t that banner vvith the &s;igne of the Cro&s;&s;e vpon it, borne by <HI>Con&s;tantinus Magnus;</HI> I an&s;wer, they rather thus corre&s;pond; Chri&s;ts cro&s;&s;e is caried in token that he hath triumphed vpon the Cro&s;&s;e,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Col. <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.15.</NOTE> ouer the Cro&s;&s;e it &s;elfe; the Law, Death, and Hell; and now as an En&s;igne of our &s;pi|rituall liberty, that &s;igne is &s;pread and di&s;plaid abroad; &s;o tho&s;e perhaps caried the <HI>deuils clawes</HI> as it were in tri|umph, to shew how they were e&s;caped from the <HI>deuils clawes;</HI> (your deuillish <HI>Inqui&s;ition</HI> and bloudy &s;eruitude) and might now &s;erue God vvith the liberty of con&s;ci|ence, according to that &s;ong of <HI>Zacharias, Luk. 1.7. That be|ing deliuered from the hands of their enemies, they might &s;erue him without feare.</HI></P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>Red-&s;carfe.</SPEAKER>
<P>Where free liberty of Con&s;cience is allowed, why may not euery one beleeue as him li&s;t? vvhat shall re&s;traine him? if you doubt of the <HI>Hollanders</HI> making difficulty of turning <HI>Turkes,</HI> doe but enquire what they haue done at <HI>Tunis,</HI> where they haue falne to <HI>Mahometi&s;me</HI> by vvhole shipfuls at once; and afterward to mend the matter, haue taught the <HI>Mahometans</HI> of tho&s;e parts the laudable &s;cience of Piracie, for the more affliction of Chri&s;tians;
<PB N="47" REF="28"> and as for <HI>Iudai&s;me,</HI> &s;uch as like thereof, and like no &s;wines flesh, or can be content to forbeare the eating thereof, may be circumci&s;ed when they will, and then &s;peake as much bla&s;phemy again&s;t Chri&s;t, as the Deuill will direct them to doe.</P>
<P>Thus haue I here shewed you what great wrong the King of <HI>Spaine</HI> hath done this people, and what great cau&s;e they haue to complaine of his breach of their Pri|uiledges, vvhich is alwayes in their mouthes, albeit they would neuer vouch&s;afe to produce any old Priuiledge for the robbing of Churches. I haue al&s;o shewed you where the <HI>Inqui&s;ition</HI> began, and the cau&s;e vvhy it vvas fir&s;t put in practi&s;e in <HI>Saxony,</HI> and afterwards in <HI>Spaine;</HI> the name whereof is now as much put in practi&s;e in <HI>Hol|land</HI> in continuall Pamphlets and Preachings, as is the name of a <HI>Bulbegger</HI> to make little children afraid.</P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>Tawny-&s;carfe.</SPEAKER>
<P>Still you harpe vpon beleeuing, till you make me be|leeue, and all this good company vvho heare vs this day, that you know not what it is to beleeue. All the Lawes of the Land again&s;t <HI>Romish Recu&s;ants,</HI> though they were as duely executed as they haue beene, could hardly per|&s;wade you to beleeue aright as you should doe. And all the euidence vvhich your eares haue heard before the Iudges on the Bench, and eyes haue &s;eene vpon the Bridge, and top of the Parliament-hou&s;e, can hardly per&s;wade you to beleeue, that tho&s;e <HI>Romane-catholike</HI> crownes vvhich now pearch aboue, did once plot and practi&s;e below, to blow vp the State. An <HI>Inqui&s;ition</HI> were fit for you therefore, le&s;t you proue wor&s;e to vs through
<PB N="48" REF="29"> your vnbeleefe, then the <HI>Turkes</HI> of <HI>Tunis,</HI> or the <HI>Maho|meti&s;ts</HI> of <HI>Amsterdam</HI> that you mention, can doe.</P>
<P>You need not in the &s;terne of your Di&s;cour&s;e recapi|tulate the notable pieces which you haue proued: for all th<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">t you &s;ay, doth but prooue how little you are able to &s;ay for your &s;elfe and how you are led rather by your af|fection then rea&s;on. You haue had euidence enough, that the King of <HI>Spaine</HI> &s;ought to plant a tyranny in the <HI>Netherlands;</HI> and yet le&s;t the&s;e should &s;eeme in your eyes, or the like, not to be &s;ufficient, I produce an honorable Amba&s;&s;age &s;ent from the Archduke <HI>Mathias</HI> and the <HI>Ge|nerall Estates,</HI> to a &s;olemne A&s;&s;embly of the Princes of the Empire, holden at <HI>Wormes</HI> in <HI>Germany, anno</HI> 1578. vvhere the Seignior of <HI>S. Aldegond</HI> declared at large, the mi&s;erable e&s;tate of the <HI>Netherlands,</HI> the de&s;ignes and in|tent of <HI>Spaine,</HI> the tyranny of the Duke of <HI>Alua, Dom Iohn</HI> and others; and vvithall, what danger the Empire vvas to expect thereby, whil&s;t tho&s;e Countries should be made the &s;eate of the vvarre, a place of retreit and ga<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ri&s;on, and a ready and able Magazine, by rea&s;on of their trading by Sea and the nauigable Riuers, to reduce all <HI>Germany,</HI> and &s;o con&s;equently all Chri&s;tendome, vn|der their obedience; if yet their ambitious aymes looked no farther.</P>
<P>This then vvas thought &s;ufficient to put all Chri&s;ten|dome vpon their guard; and yet all this is not &s;ufficient to make you beleeue any thing, but the golden Legend of <HI>Spaine.</HI></P>
<P>Then haue you the re&s;olution of the Queene of <HI>En|gland</HI> to helpe them, after mature deliberation and con&s;i|deration of this their cau&s;e, and the que&s;tion betwixt them and the King; and after she had long and in vaine
<PB N="49" REF="29"> interceded for them to the King, and pre&s;ented both the iu&s;tice of their cau&s;e, and the danger of his iniu&s;tice by diuers demon&s;trations of loue to him. Now this her re|&s;olution mu&s;t needs bee grounded vpon the manife&s;t and apparent iu&s;tice of the cau&s;e, otherwi&s;e Monarches, and a timerous woman e&s;pecially, vvould haue beene wary, euen for con&s;equence &s;ake, if not for con&s;cience,<NOTE PLACE="marg">This Iu&s;tu<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> Lip&s;ius no<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="3 letters"> well in his Letter of ad|uice. 1595.</NOTE> how they fauoured or &s;upported the &s;ubiects of another Prince, at lea&s;t if they iudged them <HI>Rebels.</HI> But it is cleere both by the act it &s;elfe whereby shee vndertooke their protection, as al&s;o by the rea&s;ons whereupon shee grounded that re&s;olution, that shee tooke them for no <HI>Rebels,</HI> but for di&s;tre&s;&s;ed people tyrannized ouer by a cruell, mercile&s;&s;e, and bloudy enemy, who by &s;trange dealing, had made him&s;elfe a &s;tranger to his owne.</P>
<P>This al&s;o might appeare by the Duke of <HI>Anjous</HI> ac|ceptance of the title of the Duke of <HI>Brabant</HI> and <HI>Flanders;</HI> and by the King of <HI>France</HI> his declaration made for ap|probation of the cau&s;e, and conditioning for the title af|ter the death of his brother the Duke of <HI>Anjou;</HI> vvhich he would not haue done, being of the <HI>Romish Religion</HI> al|&s;o, if hee and his wi&s;e Councell had not by pregnant proofes &s;eene, that the King of <HI>Spaine</HI> by his tyranny and intru&s;ion, was falne from his Right, and had manumi&s;|&s;ed them from all nece&s;&s;ary obedience.</P>
<P>This la&s;tly is confirmed beyond que&s;tion, by the la&s;t accord made betwixt the King of <HI>Spaine</HI> and the&s;e <HI>States,</HI> vvherein the title he had is wholly relinquished; and he treates and concludes peace with them, as with <HI>free States,</HI> to whom he pretends no title; and &s;o entertained their Amba&s;&s;adours, as the Amba&s;&s;adours of a Confe|deracie. Be&s;ides, the King of great <HI>Brittaine, France, Den|marke,
<PB N="50" REF="30"> Sweden, the State of Venice,</HI> the <HI>Germane</HI> Princes, with other Nations in Chri&s;tendom &amp; without, haue treated vvith them vpon the &s;ame termes, and haue concluded peace, and made leagues and alliances vvith them as vvith free <HI>States,</HI> acknowledging them to bee inue&s;ted with &s;oueraigne power in the <HI>vnited Body.</HI> Now there|fore it is iniu&s;tice for the King of <HI>Spaine</HI> to fall backe from his former conclu&s;ion, made &s;o adui&s;edly, and to reuiue his title, as an <HI>immortall cau&s;e</HI> of vvarre and bloudshed; yea it is iniu&s;tice in you, or any other per&s;on, to defend that title by tongue, pen, or hand. For it cals both the vvi&s;edome and honour of our owne King, and of all other Kings, Princes, and States, vvho haue made peace vvith that <HI>State,</HI> into que&s;tion; yea it cen&s;ures and condemnes them all; it di&s;&s;olues all tho&s;e Leagues and Confederacies of trade and commerce, of warres offen|&s;iue and defen&s;iue, concluded with them for the gene|rall good; and &s;ets all Chri&s;tendome in combu&s;tion, with a <HI>Romish &s;quib</HI> of <HI>re&s;eruation,</HI> and <HI>Catholike equiuocation.</HI> And &s;urely, how&s;oeuer you, and &s;uch as you, may in|con&s;iderately thinke meanely, and &s;peake ba&s;ely of the wi&s;e&s;t and worthie&s;t per&s;ons employed in that <HI>State,</HI> be|cau&s;e you finde them without traine, or pompe, or titu|lar vanities; and many of them rai&s;ed for their experi|ence, fidelity and vvi&s;edome, from meane &s;tations, to treade in tho&s;e high &s;teps of authority and &s;uperioritie, (as the <HI>Romane</HI> Con&s;uls had vvont, of whom one &s;ayd, <HI>they were all Kings</HI>) yet what&s;oeuer is vnfit to bee &s;poken of other Princes, is vnfit to bee &s;poken of them in their places; and the iu&s;t attributes you giue other high Com|manders, ought to be giuen them in their <HI>vnited Body:</HI> And that they exact it not, proceedes from their lenity
<PB N="51" REF="30"> and humility; that you giue it not, proceedes from your ignorance, arrogance, malice, and pride. Therefore to conclude this poynt, the &s;crupulous &s;ouldier, vvho be|fore either vvould not &s;ee the truth, or could not iudge it, may now be re&s;olued of the iu&s;tice of the warres, euen from the King of <HI>Spaines</HI> owne confe&s;&s;ion and conce&s;&s;i|on, and from the publike acts of his owne Prince and State vvhere he liues. Be&s;ides, the miraculous ble&s;&s;ing and pro&s;perity which God hath giuen to their warres, shewes <HI>it is of him;</HI> and the policie and power of Princes doth enuie it, and oppo&s;e it in vaine. God ble&s;&s;eth them with peace, and plenty, and riches in the mid&s;t of warre, and impouerisheth and embroyleth their oppo&s;ers, in the mid&s;t of peace: as <HI>Tantalus</HI> is thir&s;tie with water at the lip, &s;o the&s;e beggar and breake at the fountaine head of Gold and Siluer: God by all the&s;e meanes confir|ming their cau&s;e, and shewing him&s;elfe to be their God, if they will be his people. And this (I thinke) shall &s;erue to &s;atisfie you, at lea&s;t to &s;ilence your further clamour; shewing, that the Queene of <HI>England</HI> was mooued to take the <HI>Netherlands</HI> parts out of meere commi&s;eration of their iu&s;t cau&s;e, and the dete&s;tation of tho&s;e <HI>Spanish</HI> cruelties and tyrannies vnder which they groned.</P>
<P>Now if you be not weary of your taske, let vs come to &s;peake of the &s;econd rea&s;on, inducing that good Queene to &s;uccour them; which was, partly dome&s;ticke re&s;pects, mixed with other important rea&s;ons of State; namely, Becau&s;e of our auncient leagues with that peo|ple, our daily commerce and intercour&s;e, the dependan|cie of one State vpon another, the a&s;&s;urance of their good and approoued neighbourhood, the feare of <HI>Spa|nish</HI> propinquitie, e&s;pecially as the ca&s;e &s;tood with the
<PB N="52" REF="31"> Queene, being &s;ole, of a contrary Religion, and obno|xious to the pretences and claimes of the next Succe&s;|&s;or, vvho might be colourably a&s;&s;i&s;ted by the inuincible Arme of <HI>Spayne,</HI> to di&s;mount the true Owner; and then the pretender by the &s;ame Arme hoy&s;ted ouer the &s;ad|dle, and &s;o him&s;elfe ea&s;ily &s;ettled in the &s;eate of Soue|raignty, by the <HI>Popes</HI> donation, as hath beene accu&s;to|med in other places.</P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>Red &s;carfe.</SPEAKER>
<P>Before I come to di&s;cour&s;e about Queene <HI>Elizabeths</HI> rea&s;ons for taking the <HI>Hollanders</HI> parts, giue mee leaue, I pray you, to &s;peake a little of the vulgar multitude here in <HI>England,</HI> to the end you may con&s;ider of the rea&s;ons, why they hate the <HI>Spaniard,</HI> and loue the <HI>Hollander,</HI> to &s;ee how vvell and vvi&s;ely this loue and hatred is founded.</P>
<P>That <HI>England</HI> and <HI>Spaine</HI> haue anciently remained in great amity together, Hi&s;tories and Chronicles wil wit|ne&s;&s;e, and the diuers alliances and marriages often made betweene the&s;e two Countries, can al&s;o giue te&s;timony thereof.</P>
<P>True then it is, that the great breach and ho&s;tility be|tweene <HI>England</HI> and <HI>Spaine</HI> began but in the&s;e our dayes: let vs now &s;ee and con&s;ider, vvhy and how it began; to wit, whether by <HI>Spaine</HI> or by <HI>England.</HI></P>
<P>King <HI>Philip</HI> the &s;econd of <HI>Spaine,</HI> as all the vvorld knoweth, did vpon the death of Queene <HI>Mary</HI> his wife, giue place and quiet entrance vnto Queene <HI>Elizabeth;</HI> and for further proofe of his de&s;ire of continuance of peace and amitie with her, hee freely gaue vnto her all Queene <HI>Maries</HI> Iewels, they iu&s;tly belonging vnto him|&s;elfe: he al&s;o kept his Amba&s;&s;adour Lidger in <HI>England,</HI> as the &s;aid Queene kept hers al&s;o in <HI>Spaine,</HI> profe&s;&s;ing
<PB N="53" REF="31"> outwardly vnto him all loue and amitie; and yet this notwit&s;tanding shee permitted &s;ecretly and vnderhand, the tran&s;port of Artillery and Munition of warre to the <HI>Moores</HI> of <HI>Granado,</HI> to enable them to rebell, iu&s;t about the very &s;ame time, that the <HI>Netherland</HI>-rebellion was determined to be begun, that thereby the King of <HI>Spaine</HI> might haue his hands full, by beeing thru&s;t into two vvares at once; both which shee vnderhand furnished, but more the warre of the <HI>Netherlands,</HI> then that of <HI>Gra|nado,</HI> becau&s;e of the readier commoditie. Soone vpon the contriuing of this plot, when the King of <HI>Spaine,</HI> to appea&s;e the <HI>Netherland</HI> broyles in the beginning, had &s;ent the Duke of <HI>Alua</HI> with Forces into tho&s;e parts; and after his arriual there, &s;ent him a &s;upply of 600000. crownes; &s;ome affirme it to haue beene 800000, She ceized vpon his money in the vve&s;t part of <HI>England;</HI> and hauing got|ten it vnder her hands, did therewith a&s;&s;i&s;t his <HI>Netherland Rebels,</HI> vvhereby this money ordained to haue &s;erued him&s;elfe again&s;t his Rebels, came to &s;erue his Rebels a|gain&s;t him, and bred be&s;ides this a farre greater incon|uenience: for it was the cau&s;e why the Duke of <HI>Alua</HI> demaunded the tenth penie of the country peoples goods, whereby they became the more alienated and apt to Rebellion.</P>
<P>Some yeeres after this, Captaine <HI>Drake</HI> was employed from <HI>England</HI> to the vve&s;t-<HI>Indies,</HI> vvhere hee robbed the King of <HI>Spaine</HI> of about a million and an halfe of his trea&s;ure. The&s;e and &s;undry other wrongs and detri|ments were done by the &s;aid Queene vnto the King of <HI>Spaine,</HI> at &s;uch time as either had their Amba&s;&s;adours, the mini&s;ters of peace, in each others countrey, they profe&s;&s;ing to each other loue and amitie: the King of
<PB N="54" REF="32"> <HI>Spaine</HI> doing again&s;t the Queene of <HI>England</HI> no act what&s;oeuer to the contrarie, whereas shee con|trariwi&s;e continued to doe again&s;t him vnderhand as many wrongs as shee could, be&s;ides tho&s;e great notori|ous wrongs here mentioned. But when the&s;e grew &s;o frequent, that the &s;mart vnto the King of <HI>Spayne</HI> became intolerable; and &s;o manife&s;ted vnto the world, that all other Princes and people tooke notice thereof, how was it po&s;&s;ible that it could &s;tand with the honor of a King, and of &s;uch a potent King as is a King of <HI>Spayne,</HI> &s;till to continue to put vp wrongs, as fa&s;t as shee continued to doe them? hee was therefore at the la&s;t mooued with the preparation of his great <HI>Armada nauall</HI> of the yeere of our Lord 1588. the memory whereof, by the ince&s;|&s;ant clamors of <HI>puritanicall enemies of peace,</HI> hath po&s;&s;e&s;&s;ed more place in the heades of the incon&s;iderate vulgar multitude, then the many great wrongs that inforced it.</P>
<P>But thankes bee to God, our peacefull King <HI>Iames</HI> comming to the Crowne, and well knowing how mat|ters had pa&s;&s;ed, did (to the great happines of the Realm) &s;alue vp this &s;ore from further fe&s;tring, vvhereunto hee found <HI>Spaine</HI> mo&s;t ready and willing, and well content to let pa&s;&s;e and forget all English iniuries. For to giue the <HI>Spaniards</HI> their due, certaine it is, they are men that are not of vnreconciliable and reuengefull natures, nor &s;uch long entertainers of de&s;ire of reuenge, as &s;ome o|ther Nations are &s;aid to be: And this appeareth mani|fe&s;tly in this Nation more then in others; for notwith|&s;tanding all fore-going ho&s;tilitie betweene <HI>Englishmen</HI> and <HI>Spaniards</HI> both by &s;ea and land, and inua&s;ions euen in <HI>Portugal</HI> and <HI>Spaine</HI> it &s;elfe, vvhereof people may re|maine more &s;en&s;ible, then of an vneffectuall <HI>Armada;</HI>
<PB N="55" REF="32"> yet hath not any <HI>English</HI> Amba&s;&s;adour, nor any other of the <HI>English</HI> Nation beene by <HI>Spaniards</HI> in <HI>Spaine</HI> bar|barou&s;ly abu&s;ed; but I am ashamed (euen for the honor of our Nation) to repeate, how <HI>Spanish</HI> Amba&s;&s;adors and other <HI>Spaniards</HI> haue beene v&s;ed in <HI>England.</HI></P>
<P>As for the &s;undry benefits which the commerce and traffique betweene <HI>England</HI> and <HI>Spaine</HI> hath brought vnto our Nation, I doubt not but many of our Merchants, &s;ea faring men and others will confe&s;&s;e, and farre more profit and benefite will no doubt en&s;ue the mo&s;t hono|rable and great alliance now expected.</P>
<P>But let vs come to our good neighbours and friends the <HI>Hollanders,</HI> and con&s;ider of the gratefull goodne&s;&s;e and benefits which we reape by them, that thereby wee may know how well and wi&s;ely wee are adui&s;ed to e|&s;teeme them for our good neighbours and friends, and &s;o friendly &s;ticking vnto them.</P>
<P>That we haue for aboue the&s;e fifty yeeres taken their parts is &s;ufficiently knowne; that the people of <HI>England</HI> haue oftentimes generally &s;marted by the great pre&s;&s;ures and parliamentall payments impo&s;ed vpon them by Queene <HI>Elizabeth,</HI> to vphold the&s;e friends and neigh|bours withall, is likewi&s;e well enough knowne; as al&s;o that great aboundance of <HI>English</HI> bloud hath beene shed in their quarrell, and an infinit number of Englishmens liues lo&s;t, vvho&s;e courage and valour was worthy of more honour, then in their ba&s;e and dishonourable &s;er|uice could be de&s;erued; and now when all comes to all, they are &s;o farre from hone&s;t ciuilitie, that they will not acknowledge any friendship done them, and therefore can they not entertaine any thoughts of obligation or gratitude; nay, they dare plainely tell vs, that wee are
<PB N="56" REF="33"> beholding vnto them, which is as much to &s;ay, that they expect gratitude at our hands.</P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>Tawny-&s;carfe.</SPEAKER>
<P>You long to breake your malice vpon Queene <HI>Eliza|beth,</HI> and will goe farre about, and much out of the way to doe it, you should not otherwi&s;e shew your &s;elfe a right <HI>Romane Catholike,</HI> or a right <HI>Spanish Papist.</HI></P>
<P>For our ancient Leagues with the <HI>Spaniard</HI> which you mention, we confe&s;&s;e it; but you mu&s;t con&s;ider, then both States were va&s;&s;als to the <HI>Pope,</HI> and <HI>England</HI> was then accounted by that <HI>Strumpet</HI> the elder brother. Now <HI>Spaine</HI> hath got priority, and vve haue &s;o much vvit as to know the iniury offered vs, and to acknowledge our heauenly progeny, renouncing that earthly ba&s;tardie; and therfore mu&s;t looke for oppo&s;ition from the Prince of this world, and all that take part with him. Be&s;ides, then <HI>Spaine</HI> was not &s;o potent, and &s;o not &s;o formidable; the acce&s;&s;e of &s;o many Kingdomes hath &s;ince po&s;&s;e&s;t him with a more imperious &s;pirit, and made him terri|ble to his neighbours and confederates, rather then (as he had vvont to be) helpefull vnto them.</P>
<P>The quarrell betwixt <HI>England</HI> and <HI>Spaine</HI> you ca&s;t wholly vpon Queene <HI>Elizabeth;</HI> and by the vvay, blame her for &s;uffering Artillerie and Munition to bee caried out of her Land to the <HI>Moores of Granado,</HI> and for ceizing vpon a great &s;umme of money belonging to the King of <HI>Spayne,</HI> vvhich fell vpon her coa&s;t. Then you huddle vp that vvhich Sir <HI>Francis Drake</HI> did again&s;t the King of <HI>Spaine</HI> in the <HI>Indies,</HI> making the King of <HI>Spaine</HI> like ano|ther <HI>Melchi&s;edec,</HI> or king of <HI>peace and iustice,</HI> to &s;tand &s;till all the vvhile in a maiden-like po&s;ture, and neuer lift vp his hand to defend him&s;elfe and annoy <HI>her,</HI> till in 88. he
<PB N="57" REF="33"> vvas con&s;trained to &s;end that inuincible <HI>Armado,</HI> vvith a hope and full purpo&s;e vvholly to &s;ubuert the State of the Kingdome, and po&s;&s;e&s;&s;e him&s;elfe of all.</P>
<P>Now becau&s;e you finde a &s;ort of people; vvho thank|fully and religiou&s;ly keepe this deliuerance in memorie, and prai&s;e God for it, tho&s;e you brand vvith the name of <HI>Puritans,</HI> and are wonderfully angry, that they will not giue the Catholike King and the <HI>Romane</HI> Catholikes his a&s;&s;i&s;tants, thankes for his courteous inua&s;ion, and his royall, religious, and gracious purpo&s;e to rule ouer them as mildely, as ouer the <HI>Netherlands.</HI> For an&s;were to all this, take a view of vvhat the Councell of <HI>England</HI> pre|&s;ented to her Maie&s;tie, vvhil&s;t shee &s;tood in doubt whe|ther or no shee should ayde the <HI>vnited Prouinces</HI> again&s;t the King of <HI>Spaine,</HI> where they alledge:</P>
<P><HI>The great</HI><NOTE N="(a)" PLACE="marg">The Coun|cel of England &s;ay, the King of Spaine ha+ted the Queen &amp; shew their rea&s;ons for it: you &s;ay vpon your bare word, the Queene hated the King of Spaine, but you shew no rea&s;on for it.</NOTE> <HI>hatred conceiued against her by the King of</HI> Spaine, for the altering of his Religion in England, which he not long before had planted therein: <HI>which appeared by the treatie of peace made at</HI> Cha&s;teau <HI>in</HI> Can<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">|bre&s;is, <HI>holden in anno 1559. wherein hee was very &s;lacke and carele&s;&s;e for procuring the deliuerie of the</HI> towne of<NOTE N="(b)" PLACE="marg">The lo&s;&s;e of Calls, was a fruite of the Spanish match: this killed Queene Marie to behold, when she con&s;idered how contrary to the aduice of her be&s;t Councelors, shee would proceede withi this marriage, though they had warned her of the&s;e euils aforehand, and told her that the Spaniards had no re&s;pect but to them&s;elues, which shee would not beleeue, till it was too late to remedie.</NOTE> Calis vnto the English againe, the which was lo&s;t by meanes of his warres; <HI>and on the other &s;ide, he cau&s;ed the</HI> French <HI>to deliuer many townes ouer vnto the Duke of</HI> Sauoy, <HI>and left</HI> het in warre <HI>both again&s;t</HI> France <HI>and</HI> Scotland <HI>without any re&s;i&s;tance.</HI></P>
<P><NOTE N="(c)" PLACE="marg">You charge her for furnishing the Moores of Granado vnderhand with muniti|on, which she is forced to buy (as we &s;ee) in Germany, for her owne v&s;e.</NOTE><HI>They shewed likewi&s;e the vnkinde</HI> refu&s;all by him made, <HI>of pa&s;&s;age thorow the</HI> Netherland <HI>Countries with</HI> Mu|nition,
<PB N="58" REF="34"> Armes, and Powder, <HI>which shee as then had cau&s;ed to be</HI> prouided and bought by her Factor <HI>Sir Thomas Gres|ham,</HI> vnto whom it was denied.</P>
<P><NOTE PLACE="marg">She &s;eekes to make leagues, and you &s;ay shee de&s;ires to breake them.</NOTE><HI>Further, that when her Maiestie by her Amba&s;&s;adour, the Lord</HI> Vi&s;count Montague, <HI>de&s;ired the King of</HI> Spaine <HI>to re|uiew and confirme the</HI> ancient contracts <HI>made betweene his father the Emperor</HI> Charles <HI>the fift, and her Predece&s;&s;ors,</HI> hee vvould by no meanes be drawne to yeeld thereunto.</P>
<P><NOTE PLACE="marg">You complain of vs for the Spaniards and Spanish Am|ba&s;&s;adors, but will not heare nor &s;ee this iniurie offered by them to vs and ours.</NOTE><HI>That he had &s;uffered the</HI> Inqui&s;itors in Spaine, <HI>to pro&s;ecute her</HI> poore &s;ubiects <HI>with all cruelty and extremitie, and com|manded her</HI> Amba&s;&s;ador <HI>out of</HI> Spaine, <HI>becau&s;e of his</HI> Reli|gion.</P>
<P><NOTE PLACE="marg">You &s;ay, the detaining of the Kings mo|ney was the cau&s;e of this: but could he haue prooued it his, it had not beene detained, Certaine Merchants of Genoa layed claime to the money.</NOTE><HI>That his Gouernour, the Duke of</HI> Alua, <HI>in the</HI> Netherlands <HI>had v&s;ed all manner of</HI> ho&s;tilitie and violence again&s;t her &s;ubiects, <HI>arre&s;ting both their bodies and goods,</HI> contrary to the ancient contracts betweene <HI>England</HI> and the <HI>Netherlands.</HI></P>
<P><NOTE PLACE="marg">All this is no|thing in the eyes of the Romane Ca|tholikes, who were them &s;elues parties in the bu&s;ines, and therefore we will heare with your wilfull blind|ne&s;&s;e: it con|cernes your credits to o|uer&s;ee and de|ny all this.</NOTE><HI>That he had &s;ent an</HI> Army into her Maie&s;ties Kingdom of <HI>Ireland, and with colours flying inuaded the &s;ayd Kingdome, vpon a</HI> &s;uppo&s;ed gift thereof, made vnto him by the Pope of Rome, <HI>which he thereby excu&s;ed, intending al&s;o to</HI> enterpri&s;e the like again&s;t the Realme of England, <HI>as it manife&s;tly appeared by the Ie&s;uit</HI> Sanders letters <HI>to that end di&s;per&s;ed abroad, and by the Ie&s;uit</HI> Chreyghton, <HI>who was then a pri&s;oner: and many other &s;uch like practi&s;es al&s;o were di&s;coue|red by the dealings of bis Amba&s;&s;ador</HI> Dom Bernardino de Mendoza <HI>in England.</HI></P>
<PB N="59" REF="34">
<P>Be&s;ides the&s;e many forepa&s;&s;ed iniuries, the Councell laid before her Maie&s;tie the danger that shee was to ex|pect, if the <HI>Spaniard</HI> once obtained <HI>merum imperium,</HI> that is, full and ab&s;olute authoritie in the Prouinces of the <HI>Netherlands;</HI> how hee would alter their Re|ligion, breake their auncient Priuiledges, and &s;ubiect them wholly to his will and plea&s;ure: vvhich done, out of his malicious heart and intent, hee would ea&s;ily in|uade <HI>England,</HI> vvith the ayde of the multitude of ship|ping and Saylers of tho&s;e Countries, together vvith his <HI>Indian</HI> trea&s;ure: Fir&s;t,<NOTE N="*" PLACE="marg">Beware and looke about you, all true-hearted En|glishmen, when you &s;ee the&s;e practi&s;es reuiued: for they are to the whole Kingdome as Beacons fited, to rouze you vp to watch|ing and pray|er, and all o|ther meanes to preuent the&s;e mi&s;|chiefes.</NOTE> <HI>depriuing</HI> England <HI>of all trade of merchandize with the</HI> Netherlands, <HI>and within the Land pro|curing dome&s;ticall di&s;&s;ention:</HI> and that therefore shee was not then to let &s;lip the pre&s;ent occa&s;ion, nor yet to <HI>at|tend vntill the</HI> Netherlands <HI>were fully planted with</HI> Spani|ards <HI>and</HI> Italians; for that the vvarre was not vndertaken again&s;t the <HI>Netherlands,</HI> but with a <HI>further intent and mea|ning to make a greater conque&s;t.</HI></P>
<P>Concerning that which you &s;ay of the good v&s;e our Amba&s;&s;adors haue receiued in <HI>Spaine,</HI> and the iniuries the <HI>Spanish</HI> Amba&s;&s;adors haue receiued in <HI>England:</HI> I an|&s;were, fir&s;t you &s;ee the <HI>English</HI> Amba&s;&s;adour was com|manded out of <HI>Spayne</HI> for his Religion &s;ake; vvhil&s;t all the <HI>Spanish</HI> Amba&s;&s;adors haue had free exerci&s;e of their &s;uper&s;titions in <HI>England,</HI> and liberty to corrupt others; &s;o as none are barred from hearing of their Ma&s;&s;es, but all things done as publikely as in <HI>Spaine.</HI> Be&s;ides, we ne|uer had an Amba&s;&s;adour that plotted trea&s;on in <HI>Spaine,</HI> but the King of <HI>Spayne</HI> hath had &s;uch in <HI>England;</HI> as namely, <HI>Dom Bernardin of Mendoza,</HI> who thereupon was cha&s;ed out of the Land like a &s;pie, and tooke not leaue like an Amba&s;&s;ador. The Chronicles of <HI>Spaine</HI> cannot
<PB N="60" REF="35"> accu&s;e any of our Amba&s;&s;adors to haue medled farther, then in the protection of Merchants, or di&s;charge of duties and commands proper to their places: but how farre the Amba&s;&s;adours of <HI>Spaine</HI> haue intruded them|&s;elues in the affaires of <HI>England,</HI> for the aduancement of the <HI>Romish Religion,</HI> and di&s;po&s;ing Offices for that pur|po&s;e, is &s;o notorious to the people, as it is no maruell, if they haue &s;uffered &s;ome indignities; nay, it is a wonder they haue runne no farther hazard. I make no que&s;tion had the like actions beene vndertaken in <HI>Spaine</HI> again&s;t the <HI>Romish Religion,</HI> by an English Amba&s;&s;adour, the ve|ry Clergie of <HI>Spaine</HI> would haue &s;toned him out, and the people would &s;carce haue &s;uffered him to pa&s;&s;e vn|punished, perhaps though the King him&s;elfe would haue beene his protector.</P>
<P>The benefits of our commerce, e&s;pecially by this ex|pected <HI>alliance</HI> you &s;peake of, the &s;ucce&s;&s;e will manife&s;t; and we haue great cau&s;e to hope it may be good, at lea&s;t better then it is, in regard wi&s;er heads haue the handling of it, then either yours or mine: and yet I mu&s;t tell you, we begin with no good <HI>omen</HI> hitherto, &s;ince by way of preuention, our Clothes, Stuffes, and English commo|dities of Wooll are excluded, vvhereby the gaines wee get by the <HI>alliance,</HI> vvill &s;oone be drawne home againe; Princes delighting to out-reach one another in the&s;e re&s;pects of State. Had wee once beene as wi&s;e to keepe our <HI>sheepe</HI> from thence; or were we now as warie to ba|nish their <HI>Silkes, Veluets, Tobacco,</HI> and other needle&s;&s;e com|modities from hence, then wee might hap indeed to gaine by the Trading, otherwi&s;e we may put the gaine in our eyes. But the Cu&s;tomes would &s;o bee le&s;&s;ened; nay rather let the Commonwealth &s;inke.</P>
<PB N="61" REF="35">
<P>For the <HI>Netherlands</HI> ingratitude, I cannot accu&s;e them, neither vvill I excu&s;e them: I know many old and wor|thy Commanders, who haue lo&s;t their bloud and bones in their quarrell, complaine of neglect, contempt, and forgetfulne&s;&s;e of former good turnes; and perhaps there is too much cau&s;e of their complaint: but for my parti|cular, as I fight for them, &s;o I haue my meanes from them, and should be taxed of ingratitude my &s;elfe, if I should taxe them of vvhat I know not, or feele not. Souldiers haue neuer the happine&s;&s;e to bee well rewar|ded, or vvorthily regarded as they ought in any place; the rea&s;on perhaps is, becau&s;e their employment is bur|then&s;ome euen to tho&s;e that employ them: and there|fore though nece&s;&s;itie procure their entertainment, yet that compul&s;ion, together with the per&s;on, is alike vn|gratefull. Looke into <HI>Greece</HI> and <HI>Rome,</HI> and all great States, how they haue v&s;ed their owne, and then you vvill not &s;o much vvonder, that the idle, vnexperienced, and mo&s;t incon&s;iderate &s;ort of people in the&s;e Coun|tries, v&s;e &s;trangers no better. Men are apt to bury ma|ny benefits vnder the ruines of one iniurie: and the We&s;t-winde from our Coa&s;t, blowes not &s;o fauourable a gale vpon this as it had wont; neither doe the Starres from our Firmament, ca&s;t vpon them &s;o happy an a&s;|pect and fruitfull influence, as heretofore: they there|fore cannot di&s;&s;emble the alteration, but shew it al&s;o in the alteration of their lookes towards vs.</P>
<P>Another rea&s;on vvhy we receiue no better v&s;e, may be the buying and &s;elling of <HI>Places;</HI> of which, vvhen the <HI>States</HI> haue taken notice, as of Offices valuable at high rates, they haue inquired into the &s;ecret vvayes of that gaine, and haue abridged it vvhat they could. Whereas,
<PB N="62" REF="36"> if preferment might haue proceeded the right way in any rea&s;onable manner, according to the law of Armes and Armies, that is, <HI>freely</HI> to the next &s;ucce&s;&s;or as <HI>heire</HI> to his predece&s;&s;or; or to the <HI>be&s;t de&s;eruer,</HI> as purcha&s;er by per&s;onall <HI>woorth</HI> and <HI>valour,</HI> then neither should the Souldier complaine of his Officer, or the Officer of the <HI>State:</HI> whereas now the price is euer in the eye of the Commander, that he may gather vp his money &s;peedily by exaction, vvhich he hath disbur&s;ed, le&s;t it proue too deare a bargaine; and it is al&s;o in the eye of the <HI>State,</HI> cau&s;ing them to imagine the Commanders profit to be farre more then it is, for vvhich he venters &s;o much mo|ney, and his life to boot, as if hee intended to buy dan|ger.</P>
<P>Another rea&s;on may be, that the <HI>State</HI> takes the Offi|cer and the Souldier to be incorporated into their Body; now vvhen naturally (of all people in the world) they loue frugalitie, (euen &s;o farre, as often it turnes into a vice in many) they beholding the contrarie prodigalitie of our people, e&s;pecially in apparel and diet, aboue their rankes and abilities, doe di&s;-affect them as vnnaturall o|uergrowne members to that &s;pare Body; not con&s;ide|ring, that brauety is tolerable in Souldiers, if it be &s;o in any profe&s;&s;ion. I doe not meane that courtly and effe|minate brauerie of perfuming and powdring; (as they v&s;e to doe, who would keepe corrupt flesh from tayn|ting) a Souldier neuer &s;mels &s;weeter, and lookes better, no not in the eye of a Lady, then when he is perfumed vvith &s;weat, and powdred with du&s;t, and painted or be|&s;meared with bloud: nor yet doe I meane that bea&s;tly brauery, wherein the golden-&s;pangled A&s;&s;e &s;truts, and thinkes him&s;elfe better then the man that rules him and
<PB N="63" REF="36"> rides him; but that brauery in <HI>action</HI> (whil&s;t euen the outward shew is not affected nor neglected) which made<NOTE N="*" PLACE="marg">This is re|corded for their glory, and others imitation, by the renowned Souldier Sir Roger Willi|ams, who was one of tho&s;e that brought this kinde of brauerie into fashion.</NOTE> Sir <HI>Francis Vere,</HI> and Sir <HI>Thomas Baskeruile</HI> (to mention no more) &s;o notable in the eye of the Prince of <HI>Parma</HI> and his Army; when maintaining a breach furiou&s;ly a&s;|&s;aulted, the one was knowne by the skarlet Ca&s;&s;ocke dyed deeper yet in his owne and enemies bloud, and the other by his white Scarfe and Fether, worne as markes for his enuious and emulous enemies to shoote at in vaine, beeing aboue their reach. Now this brauery (which is truely their owne) may a&s;well bee performed in Buffe and Broad-cloath, as in all the anticke imbro|deries, and apish inuentions of our idle Age: and this brauerie is not contemned, but procures them honour and re&s;pect, vshers them into the company of be&s;t Prin|ces and Peeres, makes their waies ea&s;ie in the greate&s;t pre&s;&s;e and crowd; attracts all eyes to gaze vpon them, though clad in ru&s;t and copwebs; yea the more torne, and rent, and tattered, &s;carified and mutilated euen to deformity, the more faire, and glorious, and admirable they shine both in the eyes of this Nation, and all o|thers, if they be honorable, though they be enemies.</P>
<P>Be&s;ides, that brauerie in clothes, as it is euer borrowed of bea&s;ts, birds, fishes, and wormes, &s;o it is often bor|rowed, or taken vp in tru&s;t of poore men; and this mu&s;t needes mooue hate and enuie, when the Souldier pa&s;|&s;eth by with the Merchants wealth on his backe, and he in the meane time, his wife &amp; children mu&s;t fare hard, goe thrid-bare, and at la&s;t breake for lacke of payment, except by complaint he get redre&s;&s;e; which nips the pro|digall debtor al&s;o, and cau&s;eth him to fret, rage, and re|pine, as if the iniury were done him, becau&s;e hee is not
<PB N="64" REF="37"> &s;uffered to doe what iniurie hee would, and by his idle exce&s;&s;e to vndoe the indu&s;trious Merchant and Artizan, of which this Common-wealth principally con&s;i&s;teth. Now this his profu&s;e prodigalitie makes others (though &s;ober) thought the wor&s;e of, and &s;o to receiue the harder mea&s;ure and cen&s;ure at all hands, as if it were not a per|&s;onall and &s;peciall fault, but a generall di&s;po&s;ition of the Nation, vvhich is a great mi&s;take in this matter.</P>
<P>La&s;tly, the cen&s;orious <HI>Cato's</HI> of that Commonwealth, &s;eeing not onely them&s;elues by tru&s;t, but al&s;o their youth &s;poiled by the example and conuer&s;ation of the&s;e ouer-reaching Gallants; and that now their &s;onnes and daughters begin to reuell away their e&s;tates; to shackle and manacle, to bridle and &s;addle them&s;elues in &s;ilkes and veluets, in gold and &s;iluer, and to waxe wearie of that ancient and commendable frugality, which main|taines their liberty, mu&s;t needes hate tho&s;e that they be|hold to be the cau&s;e of this vanitie, vvhich threatneth and introduceth &s;lauerie: e&s;pecially when they &s;ee it proceedes from the imitation of the <HI>French, English,</HI> and <HI>Scottish</HI> Nations, who were fir&s;t called in by their vertue and valour, to be the bulwards and walles of their Com|monwealth; but now pull downe with the left hand, what they built with the right, laying open by their Lu|cifrian pride, a breach wide enough for the wrath of God, and politique power of ambitious man, to enter in front for their de&s;truction,</P>
<P>The&s;e or &s;ome of the&s;e may be the cau&s;es, vvhy the mode&s;ter and better &s;ort (whereof there are many) re|ceiue no better v&s;e, being mixt with bad de&s;eruers; and vvhy (perhaps) they &s;eeme to bee hated, or at lea&s;t di&s;|re&s;pected, euen of tho&s;e for whom they fight, and vvho
<PB N="65" REF="37"> ought to pro&s;ecute them vvith all honorable attributes, reuerent re&s;pects, and ample rewards.</P>
<P>But how&s;oeuer, if we compare their v&s;e of vs, vvith the v&s;e you haue and doe finde vnder the King of <HI>Spaine,</HI> they will appeare mo&s;t gratefull and re&s;pectfull people. How ba&s;ely doe all the <HI>English</HI> vvaite vpon the <HI>Spanish Dons,</HI> as if all Nations vvere bound to fight for the <HI>Spa|niard</HI> by a duty of nature? You are promi&s;ed mountaines at the fir&s;t entertainment, but are payed with a bit and a knocke as Apes de&s;erue. We haue le&s;&s;e promi&s;ed, but that is &s;urely payed, though &s;ometime &s;omething &s;low|ly. When the King of <HI>Spaine</HI> is runne farre in debt to any troupes, the Generals know how (like good husbands for their Ma&s;ters profit) to put &s;uch troupes vpon &s;ome de&s;perate &s;eruice, where few may come off: nay, they v&s;e to force them on vpon &s;uch vna&s;&s;aultable and impreg|nable vvorkes, as appeared in the &s;iege of <HI>Bergen.</HI> So the great <HI>Turke</HI> v&s;eth to take townes, by filling vp ditches vvith his owne men. And this is generally ob&s;erued as a difference betwixt our Generals and yours; your Ge|nerals care not how many men they lo&s;e to &s;aue money; our Generall cares not what mony he &s;pends in making vvorkes for the &s;auing of his &s;ouldiers liues vpon appro|ches. The difference of our accommodation is &s;uch, as we neuer vvant victuall, and you almo&s;t euer want it: &s;o that euery &s;ouldier with vs, is, or may be (if his owne idlenes or ryot be not in the fault) better prouided, then the Commanders with you. This appeared before <HI>Ber|gen,</HI> where 1500. of your &s;ide came running to vs, driuen by meete nece&s;&s;ity, for lacke of meat or pay; of vvhich number, though mo&s;t were <HI>English,</HI> yet there were ma|ny of all Nations; as <HI>Walloons, Dutch, Italians,</HI> and <HI>Spaniards.</HI>
<PB N="66" REF="38"> Yea I my &s;elfe &s;aw at <HI>Rees,</HI> a &s;eruant of the Earle of <HI>Gon|domare,</HI> the late <HI>Spanish</HI> Amba&s;&s;adour, running away in his Liuerie, to the English Beefe and Brewe&s;&s;e: and if &s;uch as he, &s;o commended, fared &s;o hardly, vvhat shall vve thinke of other friendle&s;&s;e people?</P>
<P>And if the <HI>Netherlanders</HI> should &s;ay (as you report) that vve tooke their parts partly for our owne &s;akes, they should &s;ay nothing but truth, and it concernes vs &s;o to doe; yet this diminisheth not the cau&s;e of their grati|tude; for as in tennis the ball mu&s;t be to&s;t to and fro; &s;o among&s;t friends, benefits and gratitudes mu&s;t be inter|changed, or el&s;e amitie cea&s;eth, or perhaps dieth or tur|neth to enmitie. It concernes vs both equally therefore to keepe this ball vp, if we intend to continue game&s;ters long; for a&s;&s;uredly vvere the&s;e Countries reduced to &s;uch termes as the <HI>Spaniard</HI> de&s;ires, vve could not be &s;afe, but might certainly expect a pre&s;ent inua&s;ion; and &s;o might they expect &s;uddenly to be &s;wallowed vp, if ours were enemie. This the vvi&s;edome of their <HI>State</HI> &s;awe, vvhen they fought protection rather from the Queene of <HI>England,</HI> as beeing more <HI>fit,</HI> then from the King of <HI>France,</HI> as being more <HI>potent.</HI> And this the wi&s;edome of our <HI>State</HI> then confe&s;&s;ed al&s;o, vvhen they ioyned vvith them for the aptnes and oportunity, each <HI>State</HI> had to helpe or annoy one the other, a&s;well in commerce and trade, as al&s;o in warres offen&s;iue and defen&s;iue: and I vvonder thorow vvhat new Spectacles your vvi&s;dome, (the vvi&s;edome of the pre&s;ent times) &s;ees the contrarie to the vvi&s;edome of the auncient, vvhich our experi|ence hath proued &amp; approued pro&s;perous to both <HI>States.</HI></P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>Red-&s;carfe.</SPEAKER>
<P>You &s;ay <HI>England</HI> might feare an inua&s;ion from <HI>Spaine;</HI>
<PB N="67" REF="38"> but what rea&s;on was there, why wee should haue any feare of &s;uch an inua&s;ion, but only for our taking their parts again&s;t their true and lawfull Soueraigne the King of <HI>Spaine?</HI></P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>Tawny-&s;carfe.</SPEAKER>
<P>Great rea&s;on; for <HI>England</HI> &s;tood onely full in the vvay to hinder his imaginary and intended Greatne&s;&s;e: and this appeares in the Letters of <HI>Don Iohn,</HI> and <HI>E&s;couedo</HI> his Secretarie, to the King of <HI>Spain,</HI> di&s;cour&s;ing of that point; vvhich vvere happily intercepted in their pa&s;&s;<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ge tho|row <HI>Ga&s;coigney,</HI> to di&s;couer that plot and practi&s;e, and to warne both the Queene and the <HI>States,</HI> and the&s;e times al&s;o, if they will bee warned, to beware of that Snap|hance. Whereupon the Queene &s;ent an Amba&s;&s;adour to the King of <HI>Spaine</HI> to ju&s;tifie her proceeding, to accu&s;e <HI>Don Iohn,</HI> to de&s;ire his remoouall from that Gouerne|ment, and withall, shut vp that me&s;&s;age with this con|clu&s;ion, That if the King should not bee induced to like of her proceedings, (wherwith shee plainely made him acquainted) her Maje&s;ty should thereby di&s;couer, that his intention was, by force of armes to alter and di&s;&s;olue the ancient forme of Gouernement in the <HI>Netherlands,</HI> and by taking away their ancient Lawes and Liberties, to make it a Land of Conque&s;t, and to people it vvith Garri&s;ons of men of warre; and that the end and &s;cope of his de&s;eignes should tend to that which was di&s;coue|red by <HI>E&s;couedo's</HI> Letter, wherein he writeth, that <HI>the en|terpri&s;e of England is of more facilitie, then that of the I&s;lands:</HI> whereby her Maje&s;tie should finde the di&s;po&s;ition of &s;o bad a neighbour to her and her royall e&s;tate. And then her Maje&s;ties re&s;olution would be, to imploy all the power shee was able to make, for the defence of her
<PB N="68" REF="39"> neighbors, and pre&s;eruation of her owne e&s;tate.</P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>Red-&s;carfe.</SPEAKER>
<P>But I mu&s;t tell you further concerning the <HI>Hollanders,</HI> that they doe not only deny all gratitude where it is due, and vniu&s;tly claime it vvhere they owe it; but pa&s;&s;ing further beyond the limits of rea&s;on and humanity, they di&s;couer them&s;elues to be &s;uch mon&s;ters, as to beare a very deuillish hatred both vnto our Nation, and to our mo&s;t gracious Soueraigne him&s;elf: Again&s;t our Nation, their actions declare it; again&s;t our Soueraigne, their vil|lanous tongues. Of their mo&s;t vile and contemptible v&s;age of our Nation in the <HI>East Indies,</HI> I shall not here need to &s;peake, the Letters written by our Merchants and others from thence, doe declare it; their v&s;age of vs in <HI>Groonland,</HI> and the vndoing of our long-continued Trade in <HI>Mo&s;couie,</HI> I will al&s;o omit; but we find that they are the very caterpillars and de&s;troyers of our Com|monwealth, by all the vvayes and meanes they can de|ui&s;e; for they haue not onely by meanes of their corre|&s;pondent countrimen, conueyed and drawne by &s;tealth our Gold and Siluer out of the Realme, but they haue brought the whole Realme in a generall decay of traf|fique, to the impouerishing and vndoing of thou&s;ands of the inhabitants, as all that deale in Clothing in all parts of the Realme will confe&s;&s;e.</P>
<P>As for their villanous &s;peeches again&s;t our Soueraign, I could name vnto you that Englishman, vvho pa&s;&s;ing not long &s;ince betweene <HI>Rotterdam</HI> and the <HI>Haghe,</HI> and hearing &s;ome of tho&s;e varlets &s;peake ill of his Maie&s;tie, vvhich he (being an Englishman) could not endure but as became him, did in good manner reprehend them for it; vvhen &s;traightwayes a couple of them drew their
<PB N="69" REF="39"> kniues vpon him to haue &s;tabbed him; and &s;o had they done, had they not bin held and kept backe by others there pre&s;ent. We haue a Prouerbe, that <HI>it is better for &s;ome to &s;teale a hor&s;e, then &s;ome to looke on.</HI> What detriments indure vve by <HI>Spaniards?</HI> vvhere doe they binde vs hand and foot, and ca&s;t vs ouer <HI>Indian</HI> rockes like dogs? where vndo they our Trade? how impouerish they our Coun|trie? vvhere rayle they vpon our Soueraigne? are wee in our right vvits I wonder? vvhen vve re&s;olue to goe to shed our bloud for tho&s;e that &s;ucke our bloud? when vve fight for tho&s;e at home, that kill vs abroad? mee thinkes purging with <HI>Helleborus</HI> vvere fitter nowadayes to be taken in v&s;e of our Countrimen, then the &s;moake-drinke of driueling <HI>Tobacco.</HI></P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>Tawny-&s;carfe.</SPEAKER>
<P>The iniuries and abu&s;es offered to our Nation in <HI>Mo&s;|couy, Groonland,</HI> and the ea&s;t-<HI>Indies,</HI> vvere not the acts of the <HI>State,</HI> but of &s;ome wicked per&s;ons, who wearie of their owne welfare, would as gladly haue the King of <HI>Spayne</HI> their Ma&s;ter againe as you, or any other <HI>Spanish</HI> Pentioner could wish. I know that the ba&s;er and igno|bler &s;ort of the&s;e, being mungrell <HI>Spaniards</HI> in affection, and perhaps in bloud, vvhere they get the vpper hand, are as mercile&s;&s;e as <HI>Moores</HI> or <HI>Spaniards,</HI> and like them (being ouercome) are as humble, &s;eruile, and deiected.</P>
<P>But vvhat meane you to mention this? vvhen all the iniuries they haue done vs, though they be great, incre|dible, intolerable, vnworthy that they should inflict them, or vve &s;uffer them, yet they are nothing to that vvhich the Kings <HI>children</HI> haue &s;uffered by a <HI>Spanish</HI> Ar|mie. Here priuate Merchants, or a Societie, or Com|panie receiued iniurie by them, There the Kings <HI>chil|dren,</HI>
<PB N="70" REF="40"> Religion, the Reformed Church, &s;uffered ship|wracke, by the in&s;ulting, cruell, and bloudy <HI>Spaniard;</HI> and many thou&s;ands of Chri&s;tians were martyred after a barbarous and butcherly manner; yea vpon all aduan|tages, euen vnder tearmes of Treatie and Peace. And this vvhil&s;t <HI>Spaine</HI> had league vvith our State, yea whil&s;t the Townes vvere vnder our Kings protection; vvhil&s;t the Army vvas payed by our King, and the Generals hands bound for attempting again&s;t them, yea almo&s;t from defending him&s;elfe; and vvhil&s;t an Amba&s;&s;adour lay vpon purpo&s;e to make their entrance more ea&s;ie, and to grant what their ambitious humours could de&s;ire, in hope vvith kinde v&s;age to glut their vn&s;atiable gorges, and to force them reciprocally to returne &s;ome &s;olide and reall (be&s;ides complementall and verball) courte|&s;ies: yea vvhil&s;t they vvere ki&s;&s;ing the one cheeke of our King, they vvere &s;miting the other; ki&s;&s;ing the Prince, as if they meant to deifie him, and giue him all theirs; &s;miting his royall, louing, and onely Si&s;ter, and by force taking away all that vvas Hers.</P>
<P>For that vvhich you &s;ay concerning the <HI>Netherland</HI> ca|terpillers drawing away our Gold, and de&s;troying our Trafficke, I acknowledge it to be partly true, yet I doubt the <HI>Romish locu&s;ts,</HI> tho&s;e <HI>Babylonish Merchants</HI> &s;poken of <HI>Reuel. 9.</HI> and <HI>18.</HI> are more in fault in tho&s;e re&s;pects, then the <HI>Netherlandish</HI> caterpillers. If vve con&s;ider the pen&s;i|ons, the vnder-hand gatherings, the maintenance giuen towards Schooles and Seminaries in all Popish Coun|tries, euen out of <HI>England;</HI> the building of Nunneries, Mona&s;teries, and other irreligious Hou&s;es; the <HI>hee</HI> and <HI>shee</HI> Votaries, that of late dayes (e&s;pecially &s;ince the Proclamation commanded the contrarie) haue carried
<PB N="71" REF="40"> out their plentifull portions thither, you will ea&s;ily iudge, that the caterpiller hath not cropt our blooming fruit of <HI>He&s;perides,</HI> &s;o much as the <HI>locu&s;t;</HI> and &s;o by con|&s;equence, &s;pirituall merchandizing in Idolatrie, hath more hindred our Trade, then the vnder-hand pettie thefts (in compari&s;on of the other) committed by a few pedling and pilfering Merchants. And all men know, decay of Trade nece&s;&s;arily and naturally followes the decay of Coyne: &s;o the &s;pirituall traffique of <HI>Rome</HI> hath more decayed our Trade in all Countries, then the temporall trading of <HI>Am&s;terdam.</HI> For I haue credibly heard related from the mouth of a worthy witne&s;&s;e, that at one time there hath beene payed 200000. pounds in <HI>English</HI> gold in to one of tho&s;e &s;pirituall Bankes, for and toward the building and repairing of certaine Mona&s;te|ries, and payment of portions, and other allowances for &s;uch of the <HI>English,</HI> as haue entred into religious Orders; for they will take none empty-handed; and vvhat they take is with a <HI>mort-main,</HI> whereas the Merchant yet trades, and returnes &s;omething againe that hath &s;auour. I produce this one payment, not as if it were all, but that by this one notable tran&s;portation of <HI>English</HI> trea|&s;ure, we may gue&s;&s;e at many others vnknowne. Be&s;ides, with what di&s;aduantage our Merchants trade <HI>by rea&s;on of Religion,</HI> and how this al&s;o deads their dealings, making them obnoxious to the couetous <HI>Spaniards,</HI> and &s;o a prey to their plea&s;ures, all the world knowes.</P>
<P>I am glad to heare you &s;o angry with tho&s;e varlets that betwixt <HI>Rotterdam</HI> and the <HI>Haghe</HI> &s;pake ill of his Ma|ie&s;tie: The ca&s;e is either alterd with you &s;ince father <HI>Par&s;ons</HI> died, or el&s;e perhaps you thinke it becomes none to rayle but men of your Religion; you forget the
<PB N="72" REF="41"> bookes printed at <HI>Louaine,</HI> and tho&s;e published in <HI>Flan|ders, Brabant,</HI> and <HI>Spaine,</HI> for repre&s;&s;ing of which, Amba&s;|&s;adours haue beene &s;ent from <HI>England,</HI> and pen&s;ions gi|uen to &s;ome for ba&s;tinadoing the Authors, vvhen no other &s;atisfaction could be gotten of the <HI>State.</HI> You forget al&s;o tho&s;e infinit &s;ongs, libels, and ob&s;cene di&s;|cour&s;es made again&s;t his Maie&s;tie heretofore; for wri|ting, or venting, and di&s;per&s;ing whereof, &s;uch as you haue gotten <HI>Romish</HI> pen&s;ions. All the&s;e are forgotten, or by you pa&s;t by, though their &s;weet remembrance re|maines &s;till with many, as the &s;nuffe of a candle new put out.</P>
<P>As for the Bores you &s;peake of, they are as wide mou|thed as you; their throats open &s;epulchres, their tongues &s;tretcht out vpon the large&s;t La&s;t, and in the mid&s;t of their cups and Tobacco, will forget the honour of God and man, caring no more to raile at a Prince being out of his reach, then you do to bla&s;pheme God him&s;elfe, when a Prie&s;t &s;tands at your elbow ready to ab&s;olue you; nor to draw their kniues vpon you beeing inraged with drinke, then you vpon Kings, made drunke before vvith the cup of the <HI>Whores abomination.</HI> But this mu&s;t not be made a fault of a whole Nation, no more then your per&s;onall follies shall be imputed to all <HI>Romane Ca|tholiques;</HI> nor mu&s;t wee for a drunken Skippers tongue, leaue the protection of our more mode&s;t friends and neighbours, vvith whom the&s;e are mixed, as ba&s;e earth among&s;t gold-Ore; &s;uch a re&s;olution were madne&s;&s;e, and vvould require a purge of <HI>Hellebore</HI> indeed, as you learnedly adui&s;e; though your aduice, if it were vvi&s;e|ly followed, would be to the great hinderance of the <HI>Spanish</HI> Trade, that we in <HI>England</HI> should giue ouer To|bacco,
<PB N="73" REF="41"> beeing a principall Commoditie wee fetch from thence, to the vndoing of our &s;elues, and the inriching of him and his State, vvhich I am &s;ure is agreeable to your Catholike wish.</P>
<P>La&s;tly, where you demand <HI>what detriment we endure by the Spaniard,</HI> and <HI>where they binde vs hand and foote, and cast vs ouer Indian rockes like dogs, &amp;c.</HI> I am forced for an|&s;were to touch vpon two or three &s;trange and &s;tupendi|ous &s;tories, among&s;t infinite others left behinde as ill or wor&s;e, thereby to giue your blinde and wilfull partiali|tie &s;ome &s;atisfaction.</P>
<P>I pa&s;&s;e by all that incredible crueltie which the <HI>Spani|ards</HI> haue and do exerci&s;e towards the <HI>Indians;</HI> the Lyon,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hi&s;tory of the We&s;t-Indi<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">s.</NOTE> the Wolfe, Dogge, Vulture, Kite, or if there bee any o|ther bird or bea&s;t more rauenous and <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">apacious, are not &s;o cruell to their owne kinde nor to others, (perhappes as not knowing the vvayes to doe it) as the&s;e men, (if vve may call them &s;o) who &s;eeme to haue rea&s;on to no other end, but to exceed the&s;e bruits and bea&s;ts, in all &s;a|uage, brutish, or (beyond that) deuillish cruelties. Eyes, eares, no&s;e, lippes, hands, feet, body, &s;oule, nothing is &s;pared, but all &s;poyled for their plea&s;ure: as if it were not this or that man, but mankinde, that they intended to de&s;troy; and vvith cur&s;ed <HI>Cain,</HI> would haue the po&s;|&s;e&s;&s;ion of the whole earth alone; and with <HI>I&s;mael, hauing their hands again&s;t euery man,</HI> would &s;tirre <HI>euery mans hand against them</HI> in their owne needfull defences. Neither vvill I once mention vvhat they doe by Sea or Land to the <HI>Netherlandish</HI> people, vvho commonly pay them a|gaine in their owne coyne, hauing learnt of them to de|face Gods images, and to &s;tampe the deuils there in
<PB N="74" REF="42"> bloud and reuenge, e&s;pecially in the Ea&s;t-<HI>Indies.</HI> Nei|ther yet will I mention what the <HI>French</HI> haue felt in <HI>Flo|rida,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Hi&s;tory of Florida.</NOTE> vvhere <HI>Pedro de Melendes</HI> hung vp all the <HI>Frenchmen</HI> vnder the command of <HI>Laudouice,</HI> with this in&s;cription ouer their heads, <HI>I doe not this as vnto Frenchmen, but to Lu|therans and Heretiques.</HI> A vvatch-word and a mirrour to ours abroad in <HI>Virginia</HI> and the <HI>Bermuda's,</HI> as al&s;o to vs at home, to teach vs to beware, and behold what cour|te&s;ie we are to expect from them where they are ma&s;ters; and how they can hang vp &s;ome for being <HI>Heretiques,</HI> o|thers for being of <HI>this or that Nation,</HI> and others for being <HI>men,</HI> and &s;o &s;pare none, but in fine hang vp <HI>all for their profit.</HI> But they will not deale thus by the <HI>English;</HI> no doubtle&s;&s;e, they loue their heart blouds too well; looke vpon the&s;e examples that follow for your learning, and then tell me vvhat you thinke: for the&s;e are knowne for truths to euery Sayler in <HI>Radcliffe.</HI></P>
<P>About twelue or fourteene yeeres &s;ince, there was a ship &s;ent from <HI>London</HI> called the <HI>Vly&s;&s;es,</HI> to <HI>Trinidado</HI> to trade for Tobacco; vvhich our Merchants had wont to doe, in the time that <HI>Berea</HI> gouerned there: but at this time the gouernement vvas changed, <HI>Berea</HI> beeing &s;ent vnto <HI>Mexico,</HI> and tho&s;e parts gouerned by the King of <HI>Spaines</HI> Officers. The Merchants and Owners of this ship thinking they might trade peaceably as they vvere wont, shot off a piece of Ordinance according to the cu&s;tome, to &s;ignifie their arriuall, and de&s;ire to trade as they v&s;ed to doe; vpon vvhich the <HI>Spaniards</HI> came to the shores &s;ide, shewing out their vvhite Flagges in token of peace: and our Merchants &s;o a&s;&s;ured, after the manner of all Nations that beleeue a God, or loue men like
<PB N="75" REF="42"> them&s;elues, came ashore; where pre&s;ently the <HI>Spaniards</HI> ceized vpon all that landed, to the number of 27. per&s;ons, and kept them, as they pretended, for ho&s;tages, but would neuer deliuer them, till they had for their ran|&s;ome drawne the ship &s;o dry of Amunition, clothes, vi|ctuals, and all other nece&s;&s;aries, as shee could &s;pare no more, hauing left her &s;elfe &s;carce enough to bring her home: vvhich when the <HI>Spaniards</HI> perceiued, <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">nd &s;awe withall, that they could not by falshood po&s;&s;e&s;&s;e the ship, they tooke the 27. pri&s;oners; and in &s;tead of &s;etting them free, and &s;ending them home as they promi&s;ed and conditioned, bound each of them to a &s;euerall tree, and in the &s;ight of the Sunne, and in the eye of their lamen|ting friends on shipboord, vvho could not helpe them, cut their throates, and left them there and went their vvayes: &s;o that when their companions came on shore, they beheld the vvofull &s;pectacle, but could doe no far|ther courte&s;ie to them, then couer their bodies vvith earth, burying them with a peale of cryes and impreca|tions &s;ent to heauen, for iu&s;t vengeance to bee powred vpon that perfidious place and people.</P>
<P>About two yeeres after, a ship of <HI>South-hampton</HI> came thither, the Merchant of which named <HI>Chamberlaine,</HI> had beene there the yere before, and there was owing to him an hundred pounds of Tobacco: hee, making no que&s;tion but all had beene well, leaped ashore to trade with the <HI>Spaniards,</HI> and was pre&s;ently taken, and his throat cut in the &s;ight of them that were in the Boate, vvho hardly &s;caped.</P>
<P>In that Apologie written by Sir <HI>Walter Raleigh</HI> a little before his death, he shewed, how the <HI>Spaniards</HI> in <HI>Ame|rica</HI>
<PB N="76" REF="43"> did tye the <HI>English</HI> (out of a ship wherein M. <HI>Hall</HI> of <HI>London</HI> and him &s;elfe were partners) backe to backe, and cut their throats after they had traded with them a whole moneth, and trayned them ashore in tru&s;t of their fide|lities, vvithout &s;o much as a &s;word or any other weapon among&s;t them all to defend them&s;elues. And if (&s;aith he) the <HI>Spaniards</HI> to our complaint made an&s;were, that there was nothing in the Treatie again&s;t our Trading in the <HI>Indies,</HI> but that we might trade <HI>at our perills,</HI> I tru&s;t to God (&s;aith he) the word <HI>perill</HI> shall euer be con&s;trued in|differently to both Nations, <HI>otherwi&s;e wee mu&s;t for euer a|bandon the Indies, and clo&s;e all our knowledge and pilotage in that part of the world.</HI> Thus hee: And how vnrea&s;onable this is, euen &s;uch as looke into the Map of <HI>America,</HI> may judge at fir&s;t &s;ight. <HI>America</HI> is more then the fourth part of the knowne world, the hundreth part whereof is neither po&s;&s;e&s;t nor knowne by the <HI>Spaniard,</HI> who wants men to people what hee hath gra&s;ped already. Why then should not our King employ his numerous Nations that way, for the &s;trengthening and enriching of his owne State; enlarging the bounds of Chri&s;ten|dome, and &s;preading of the Go&s;pel with freedome? e&s;pe|cially con&s;idering, as the <HI>Spaniard</HI> lackes men for his land, &s;o the King lackes land for his men, vvho therfore are forced to people <HI>Poland, Sweden, Denmarke, Germanie, France,</HI> and to range in tho&s;e and other parts, as if th<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">y had no natiue habitation: for in all the&s;e places there are &s;warmes of our people, vvho are meerely lo&s;t and &s;cattered out o<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> his Maje&s;ties Dominions, to the &s;treng|thening of other parts, and weakning our owne State. Surely God intended not the <HI>Indies</HI> to be ingro&s;t by the
<PB N="77" REF="43"> <HI>Spanish</HI> Nation alone, vvho cannot people the lea&s;t part of it; but rather for all Nations that can plant it, and vvithall plant and &s;pread the <HI>Go&s;pel of &s;aluation through Ie|&s;us Christ our Lord,</HI> vvhich belongs to all Nations as well as to the <HI>Spanish;</HI> though they, to blinde the eyes of ig|norant and &s;uper&s;titious Chri&s;tians, haue &s;tyled them|&s;elues the onely <HI>Catholike Chri&s;tians.</HI> Thus much by the vvay, though I hope I be not out of the vvay in &s;aying &s;o much: for this engro&s;&s;ing of the earth is a note of their cruelty. I now with your patience, will returne to the matter in hand more directly. <HI>I hope</HI> (&s;aith the &s;ame Sir <HI>Walter Raleigh</HI> a little after) <HI>the Amba&s;&s;adour doth not e&s;teeme vs for &s;o wretched and mi&s;erable a people, as to offer our throats to their &s;words without any manner of re&s;i&s;tance.</HI> The law of the Land, nor any powerfull Proclamation, did euer intend to binde our hands and feete, and deliuer vs like calues to <HI>Spanish</HI> butcheries, &amp; neuer-before heard|of cruelties; among&s;t which, take this one for conclu|&s;ion, becau&s;e it is a prettie one taken out of the Schoole where all kinde of extracted tyrannie is taught, and per|formed in imitation of the <HI>Spanish Inqui&s;ition,</HI> which you and &s;o many <HI>Romish Catholiques</HI> &s;o much like and allow of, and de&s;ire to h<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ue tran&s;ported into the&s;e parts, for the profit of the <HI>Netherlands,</HI> and perhaps of <HI>England</HI> al&s;o. The &s;torie is this; a short one, and a &s;weet one, if honie could make it &s;o: One M. <HI>Burch</HI> a Factor, beeing in the we&s;t <HI>Indies</HI> to trade peaceably, vvas taken by the <HI>Spani|ards,</HI> &s;tript &s;tarke naked, bound to a tree, anoynted all ouer vvith wilde honie, in a fennie place &s;ubiect to <HI>Mu&s;|ketoes,</HI> and &s;o &s;uffered either to perish by famine, or &s;tung to death by that new-inuented torture of Flies. Was not
<PB N="78" REF="44"> this a mo&s;t exact peece of crueltie, vvhich none but the great-witted <HI>Spaniards,</HI> who daily trade in bloud vp to the eares, could po&s;&s;ible haue found out? The&s;e were their crafts-ma&s;ters in the art of Murther; <HI>Phalaris</HI> him|&s;elfe might here haue beene bound prenti&s;e. To con|clude this poynt, it is pre&s;ent death for any Nation but the <HI>Spanish,</HI> to bee found vpon that We&s;terne Conti|nent, though they commit no other fault; nay, though they bee driuen by &s;tormes vpon that Coa&s;t; but they leaue the manner of <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">he death to the arbitrarie &s;entence of that per&s;on, vvho gouernes the place vvhere &s;uch are taken; becau&s;e they know them to bee very mercifull men, and &s;uch as &s;tudie the ea&s;ie&s;t vvay of vndoing that great Worke of humanitie vvhich God hath made, and of breaking that knot of ciuill Commerce and Societie, vvhich man vvith man hath found out by Gods dire|ction to <HI>Noah.</HI></P>
<P>And now I hope you will take heede how you aske any more &s;uch childish Que&s;tions as this, le&s;t you giue mee occa&s;ion to lay more of your <HI>Spanish</HI> courte&s;ies open to the eare and eye of euery hearer and beholder, much again&s;t your gorge. How&s;oeuer, all that you can &s;ay is not auaileable to draw vs from this people to a vvoor&s;e, as you vvould; or to mooue vs to leaue that &s;eruice vvherein vvee haue beene <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">rayned vp in all mili|tarie perfection. This change might shew out leuitie, vvhen Souldiers should doe actions that onely &s;auour of &s;ettled &s;oliditie, a vertue proper for the be&s;t men.</P>
</SP>
<SP>
<PB N="79" REF="44">
<SPEAKER>Red-&s;carfe.</SPEAKER>
<P>Nay Sir, you should by leauing the &s;eruice of that vngratefull Nation, giue a good example to the re&s;t of the <HI>English</HI> to follow.</P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>Tawny-&s;carfe.</SPEAKER>
<P>I haue &s;erued &s;ome yeeres alreadie in <HI>Holland,</HI> and intend to returne thither againe vvith more heart then euer before; in regard I haue heard the vvoor&s;t you can &s;ay, and that woor&s;t is little or nothing to the purpo&s;e, to alter any mans re&s;olution, that is not before a Tray|tour or Turne-coate, but rather may &s;erue to confirme them in the iu&s;tice of tho&s;e Warres.</P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>Red-&s;carfe.</SPEAKER>
<P>I could then wish, if you bee ob&s;tinately bent, to re|turne and &s;erue them, that both you and the re&s;t of your <HI>English</HI> friends vvould re&s;olue to &s;erue them as they ought to bee &s;erued; &s;uch trickes I meane, as might reuenge &s;ome of the villanies and vvrongs they haue offered vs.</P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>Tawny &s;carfe.</SPEAKER>
<P>I gue&s;&s;e at your meaning; for now you di&s;couer your &s;elfe, and appeare in your right colours: but &s;uch cour|&s;es become not the Religion of Chri&s;tians, but Anti|chri&s;tians;
<PB N="80" REF="45"> &s;uch as were <HI>Stakenbroek, Berwoets, Merchant, Stanly, Yorke, Patton,</HI> and <HI>Symple,</HI> vvith many others, vvho may haue Di&s;pen&s;ations for their Oathes, and <HI>Vmbrilloes</HI> for their humours, as <HI>Philip</HI> the &s;econd had for his Oath taken to maintaine the <HI>Netherland</HI> Liber|ties; vvee that know there is a <HI>God who will not bee mockt,</HI> know, that Honour cannot bee vvithout Hone|&s;tie. Therefore in an&s;were to this poynt, I may v&s;e the vvordes of the olde Prince of <HI>Orange</HI> in his Apologie, vvhere hee &s;ayth:</P>
<P><HI>If the Spaniards e&s;teeme &s;uch traytours for Gentlemen, and that men by &s;uch meanes bee aduanced to honour in Castile, it is no maruell if all the vvorld beleeued, that the mo&s;t parts of the Spaniards (e&s;pecially tho&s;e that held them|&s;elues Nobles and Gentlemen) de&s;cended from the Moores and Ievves, and ob&s;erue that good qualitie, as ingrafted in them from their Fore-fathers, that betrayed our Lord and Sa|uiour Ie&s;us Chri&s;t, and gaue Iudas money to deliuer him vnto them, that they might cru|cifie him.</HI></P>
<PB N="81" REF="45">
<P>The true honorable bloud of the <HI>English</HI> know bet|ter, except it be tainted by <HI>Romish</HI> corruptions, then to dishonour them&s;elues, Countrie, and Nation, by &s;uch perfidious and trea&s;onable Actes: yea if the <HI>States</HI> should de&s;erue as ill (as <HI>Standly, Yorke,</HI> and the re&s;t pretended for their owne excu&s;es) yet wee know, that there is a precept that willeth vs, <HI>to doe good for euill.</HI></P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>Red-&s;carfe.</SPEAKER>
<P>That is well done where euill is thereby amended, but your doing good where you doe, makes evill become wor&s;e. But let me now returne to &s;peake &s;omwhat of Queene <HI>Elizabeths</HI> rea&s;ons to take the <HI>Hollanders</HI> partes. And fir&s;t I mu&s;t tell you, that Queene <HI>Elizabeth</HI> did ne|uer take their partes vpon compa&s;&s;ion of their cau&s;e, in re|gard of any wrong which she knew the King of <HI>Spaine</HI> did them; for she could not but know them to be as ve|ry notorious rebels as euer were any in the world, and therefore was her a&s;&s;i&s;tance not giuen, becau&s;e she loued them, but becau&s;e she hated the King of <HI>Spaine,</HI> and &s;o made v&s;e of them as the in&s;trumentes of her hate.</P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>Tawny-&s;carfe.</SPEAKER>
<P>All this is an&s;wered before, yet you mu&s;t repeate old matter, where you want new. Wee mu&s;t heere take your word, and beleeue you by an implicite faith, without rea|&s;on or proofe, before the manife&s;t rea&s;ons of <HI>Religion</HI> and <HI>State,</HI> and before the honorable and publique prote|&s;tations of that <HI>worthie</HI> among women, Queene <HI>Eliza|beth,</HI> who never brake her word. She tooke their part, partly for compa&s;&s;ion; she neither knew them Rebels, nor counted them &s;o; but if she hated the King of <HI>Spaine,</HI> then mu&s;t there be cau&s;e why she hated him; and hating him, she had rea&s;on to fauour and fo&s;ter tho&s;e that hated him a&s;well as her &s;elfe, or rather that were hated by him as she her&s;elfe was.</P>
</SP>
<SP>
<PB N="82" REF="46">
<SPEAKER>Red&s;-carfe.</SPEAKER>
<P>I pray, Sir, for the in&s;truction of my ignorance, tell me the cau&s;e why she hated him.</P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>Tawny-&s;carfe.</SPEAKER>
<P>You should tell the cau&s;e, &s;ince you produce the effect, and it were enough for me to &s;ay there was no cau&s;e, <HI>ergo,</HI> there could not be &s;uch an effect; yet becau&s;e this will not an&s;were men of your humor, I &s;ay farther, that I doe not thinke she hated his per&s;on, but rather pro&s;ecuted it with all honorable offices of loue; yet I may imagine (and wee &s;ee it euident) that she feared his <HI>encroaching power;</HI> and whom wee feare in any kinde, wee are &s;aid to hate in &s;ome &s;ort.</P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>Red-&s;carfe.</SPEAKER>
<P>You know no iu&s;t cau&s;e nor any man els, why she should hate him; but you &s;ay, you mu&s;t imagine there was a cau&s;e; but this <HI>mu&s;t</HI> is not forceable, vnle&s;&s;e it were a cleere ca&s;e, that neuer any man were cau&s;ele&s;ly hated. But to tell you the true cau&s;e why indeed she hated him, it was no other then for doing her good.</P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>Tawny-&s;carfe.</SPEAKER>
<P>That me thinkes is impo&s;&s;ible.</P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>Red-&s;carfe.</SPEAKER>
<P>Impo&s;&s;ible only to good &amp; gratefull minds. The King of <HI>Spaine</HI> in her &s;i&s;ters Queene <HI>Maries</HI> time, did her no le&s;&s;e good then the &s;auing of her life; and experience hath often shewed, that there are &s;ome kinde of people, that can neuer abide tho&s;e that they are very deepely beholding vnto; becau&s;e they thinke the obligation of gratitude to be a bondage; whereas want of gratitude, when it con&s;i&s;teth in the will, and not in the power, is mon&s;trous and not humane.</P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>Tawny-&s;carfe.</SPEAKER>
<PB N="83" REF="46">
<P>In laying ingratitude to that ble&s;&s;ed Queenes charge, you shew your malice, you vomit your poi&s;on, and &s;ay all that a diuelish aduer&s;arie can invent again&s;t an innocent Lady. Neuer could any of her owne obliged men, neuer could any priuate per&s;on accu&s;e her of this crime; much le&s;&s;e would she giue iu&s;t cau&s;e to &s;uch a potent King, &s;uch an able State, apt to take exceptions, &s;o attended by vipe|rous-tongued raylers of an other Religion, to publish her ingratitude in this kinde to the world. Be&s;ides, that <HI>the King of Spaine &s;aued her life,</HI> can neuer be proued, albeit she was impri&s;oned in her Si&s;ters time, yet she was neuer brought to any publique tryall, and &s;o there was no &s;auing of her life needfull, she not being by law found guilty.</P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>Red-&s;carfe.</SPEAKER>
<P>If it had come to that it had gone hard with her, but the King of <HI>Spaine</HI> preuented it, and thereby not only &s;aued her life, but al&s;o her honor.</P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>Tawny-&s;carfe.</SPEAKER>
<P>But how is this proued?</P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>Red-&s;carfe.</SPEAKER>
<P>That there were diuers con&s;piracies of trea&s;on in her &s;i&s;ters time is euident, that she was apprehended, and put in pri&s;on vpon them is euident; that she was the only hope and obiect of the con&s;pirators is euident, and that &s;ome of them accu&s;ed her, is al&s;o euident: for Religion her troubles were not, becau&s;e she made profe&s;&s;ion of the Re|ligion of her &s;i&s;ter, and daily heard Ma&s;&s;e: &s;ome cau&s;e there mu&s;t be of her apprehen&s;ion, which mu&s;t al&s;o be &s;ome great cau&s;e: for no<NOTE N="*" PLACE="marg">I returne your owne interrogati|on: was neuer any apprehen|ded and impri&s;oned without cau&s;e to be the Queenes &s;iiter &amp; next heire to the crowne, is cau&s;e e|nough to worke iea|lou&s;ie and &s;u&s;picion a|mong&s;t Princes, who will take an ea&s;y occa&s;ion to impri&s;on their Expec|tant.</NOTE> <HI>&s;mall cau&s;e</HI> can vrge the cal|ling in que&s;tion &amp; apprehen&s;ion of the &s;i&s;ter of a Queene Regnant, and her next and apparent heire: but I will leaue the beleefe of this to your owne lei&s;ure and plea|&s;ure, when you shall haue better thought vpon it, or bet|ter
<PB N="84" REF="47"> enformed your &s;elfe about the matter.</P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>Tawny &s;carfe.</SPEAKER>
<P>Now you come to &s;uppo&s;ition, collection, and pre|&s;umption, where you want proofe, and &s;o colour or couer the hatred of your <HI>Popish Clergie</HI> and their cur&s;ed cruel|ties again&s;t Queene <HI>Elizabeth,</HI> with a &s;uppo&s;ed crime in the cloudes. But this is &s;ufficient to cleere her innocency, that neither tho&s;e who then &s;ought the ruine of her bo|dy, nor you who now &s;eeke the ruine of her fame and ho|nor, could or can produce any thing again&s;t her, but imagi|narie concealements; for if they could, she had not liued to be the obiect of your envie, &amp; if you could, the whole world had bin filled long before this, with your long-ton|gued Libels, and bellowing Buls again&s;t her.</P>
<P>Therefore I shall not neede to thinke vpon this point long, as if what you &s;ayd were vnan&s;werable: Queene <HI>Elizabeth</HI> her&s;elfe hath &s;aued me a labour, where in an|&s;were to an infamous libell written again&s;t her in <HI>Italian,</HI> which chargeth her with vnthankfulnes to the King of <HI>Spaine,</HI> who (as the authour reporteth, being a man of your minde) in her &s;i&s;ters Queene <HI>Maries</HI> time, had &s;aued her life, she &s;aith, <HI>That her faith and fidelity was neuer in any &s;uch que&s;tion in her &s;i&s;ters time, and much le&s;se that euer any &s;entence of death was pronounced again&s;t her, and that therefore he had no cau&s;e why to &s;eeke to &s;aue her life: Confe&s;sing and ingeniou&s;ly acknowledging neuerthele&s;&s;e, that she was as then &s;omewhat beholden vnto him, and that in all princely and honorable manner she had been thankfull vnto him for the &s;ame.</HI></P>
<P>Now therefore if you haue any more to &s;ay in this mat|ter, produce it; if not, let vs come to the third rea&s;on of greate&s;t importance mouing Queene <HI>Elizabeth</HI> to take the <HI>Hollanders</HI> part, which was, the <HI>cau&s;e of Religion:</HI>
<PB N="85" REF="47"> they profe&s;&s;ing with vs one &s;ame <HI>Go&s;pel.</HI></P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>Red-&s;carfe.</SPEAKER>
<P>I doubt whether they profe&s;&s;e with vs one &s;ame Epi|&s;tle, but one &s;ame Go&s;pell I am &s;ure they profe&s;&s;e not.</P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>Tawny-&s;carfe.</SPEAKER>
<P>You are wonderfully witty and merry in di&s;tinguishing betwixt the <HI>Epistle</HI> and <HI>Go&s;pel,</HI> when I am afraide you &s;carce vnder&s;tand what you &s;ay: Perhaps you take no|thing for <HI>Go&s;pel,</HI> but what is conteined in tho&s;e partes or portions of <HI>Scripture</HI> which are appointed to bee read in the <HI>Ma&s;&s;e,</HI> (though in a &s;trange tongue vnknowne to the vulgar) for the better vnder&s;tanding of the &s;olemnitie of certaine Fea&s;tes celebrated to the Memory of Saintes, or perhaps, though you be not &s;o neere of kinne to one of Saint <HI>Paules</HI> Ideots, yet you may thinke nothing <HI>Go&s;pel,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">1. Cor. 1<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.16.</NOTE> but what is expre&s;ly conteined in the writings of the <HI>foure Euangeli&s;ts:</HI> &s;o that while&s;t <HI>Saint Paule,</HI> and <HI>Saint Peter, Saint Iames, Saint Iude,</HI> and <HI>Saint Iohn</HI> write Epi&s;tles conteyning the doctrine of the Go&s;pel or glad-tidings of Chri&s;t crucified, this shall not be <HI>Go&s;pel</HI> but <HI>Epi&s;tle;</HI> nor they Preachers and writers of the <HI>Go&s;pel,</HI> but <HI>Epistlers</HI> with you, and your grave vnder&s;tanding: So whil&s;t <HI>S. Paule</HI> &s;aith, Ro. 2.16. <HI>In the day when God shall iudge the &s;ecrets of men by Ie&s;us Chri&s;t according to my Go&s;pel,</HI> you will alter and correct the Apo&s;tles phra&s;e, and for <HI>ac|cording to my Go&s;pel,</HI> put in by your <HI>Index expurgatorius, according to my Epistle:</HI> leaue your wittie cenceites if you loue your owne credit, they doe very vilely, and come off again&s;t the haire, according to that prouerbe, <HI>inuita Mi|nerva.</HI></P>
<P>And here I waxe wearie with following your wandring Di&s;cour&s;e, (as he that playes with a childe all day, and is tyed to treade in his &s;teps) wherefore I intend for that
<PB N="86" REF="48"> which remaines, not altogether to take it vp, as you lay it downe, and giue occa&s;ion of an&s;were, nor yet to in&s;ert <HI>verbatim</HI> what I then &s;ayd when we di&s;cour&s;ed in the <HI>Tilt-boate,</HI> (though then I made no &s;uch idle and ayrie an&s;wers, as you forge for me, but forced you to greater &s;treights then you wil acknowledge) but I purpo&s;e directly to gather the &s;trengh of your Arguments, and lay them downe truly, with &s;uch an&s;wers as I did, or might make to &s;uch of them, as &s;eeme worthy of any reply.</P>
<P>You fir&s;t pretend, our Go&s;pel, and that Go&s;pel which is preached and profe&s;&s;ed in the <HI>Netherlands</HI> differ, becau&s;e there is difference betweene Prote&s;tants and Puritans in <HI>England;</HI> for &s;o you are plea&s;ed to &s;tyle &s;uch true Chri|&s;tians as prote&s;t again&s;t your falshoods, and would reforme your impurities in life and doctrine, <HI>Prote&s;tants</HI> and <HI>Puri|tans.</HI> How well this hangs together, the premi&s;&s;es and conclu&s;ion, you cannot but &s;ee, and &s;mile to behold, being a man &s;o merily di&s;po&s;ed by nature as you &s;eeme. But you demand, how contention should otherwi&s;e ari&s;e among&s;t vs? why el&s;e should &s;ome bee &s;ilenced or bani|shed? Doe the difference betwixt Ie&s;uites and &s;ecular Prie&s;ts in <HI>England</HI> proue their Go&s;pels differ? Doubtle&s;&s;e their <HI>Portuces</HI> are the very &s;ame: why doe the <HI>Thomi&s;ts</HI> and <HI>Scoti&s;ts</HI> differ? Is their Go&s;pel diuer&s;e? why doe the <HI>Dominicans</HI> and <HI>Franci&s;cans</HI> pur&s;ue each other with deadly quarrels, is it becau&s;e their Go&s;pel differs? Doubt|le&s;&s;e many of the&s;e know not the Go&s;pel; mo&s;t of them care not for it; nay, let me &s;ay boldly, few of them prize it, as they doe that which they call their <HI>vnwritten veri|ties,</HI> or <HI>traditionall Go&s;pel,</HI> whereabout yet they fall out with eagerne&s;&s;e. And had not the Councell of <HI>Trent</HI> cunningly tru&s;t vp all their trinkets, and taught them what they mu&s;t hold, none could haue known what it had beene
<PB N="87" REF="48"> to be a Papi&s;t: But Antichri&s;t then vn&s;ealed the &s;ecrets of his My&s;terie;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Apoc. 13.16 17.</NOTE> for then it was a time for him to di&s;couer him&s;elfe, that &s;uch as tooke <HI>his marke on their foreheads, or in their hands,</HI> might be knowne for counterfeit Chri|&s;tians.</P>
<P>You demand, if our differences be &s;mall, why then are &s;ome &s;ilenced, &s;ome banished. &s;ome put to death? Iniurie may be done &s;omtime vnder the colour of iu&s;tice; and <HI>Mephibosheth</HI> may be forced euen by <HI>David</HI> him&s;elfe,<NOTE PLACE="marg">2 Sam. 16.3. 2. Sam. 19.24.</NOTE> to diuide his lawfull inheritance with <HI>Ziba</HI> the tel-tale, the traducer, the traytour. Sometime al&s;o many iu&s;t occa&s;ions may prouoke &s;uch &s;euere punishments to be inflicted v|pon per&s;ons for circum&s;tantiall poynts, though they dif|fer not in fundamentall verities contayned in the Go&s;pel. But tell me in good earne&s;t, why were the Ie&s;uites bani|shed <HI>France,</HI> and a pillar &s;et vp to eternize the memorie of their banishment, was it for that their Go&s;pel differed from the <HI>French</HI> Church? Or why were the Ie&s;uites ba|nished out of <HI>Venice?</HI> or why are the Cardinals iealous to make a Ie&s;uite Pope? Is it for that their Go&s;pel differs from the re&s;t, whil&s;t they hold all one Epi&s;tle? I trow not.</P>
<P>You pur&s;ue this di&s;cour&s;e (I &s;uppo&s;e) to the &s;ame end to proue the difference of our Go&s;pel from the <HI>Hollan|ders;</HI> for that is the propo&s;ition. And &s;uch as you tearme Puritans in <HI>England,</HI> you call<NOTE N="*" PLACE="marg">We might with as much, or more rea&s;on call the Pa|pi&s;ts, Bellar mini&s;ts, Par&s;oni&s;ts, Garneti&s;ts, &amp;c. as your call vs Lu|thera~s, Cal|veni&s;ts, Go|mari&s;ts, or the like, <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">. Cor. 3.5<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</NOTE> <HI>Gomari&s;ts</HI> in <HI>Holland,</HI> be|cau&s;e that learned and vigilant Mini&s;ter <HI>Gomarus</HI> oppo&s;ed &s;uch as would haue brought in the innouations of that &s;ubtill D. <HI>Arminius,</HI> and prepared the <HI>tenets</HI> of &s;uch as imped out and inlarged his doctrine, fit for the Synods in|&s;pection, cen&s;ure, and deci&s;ion. Now &s;uch as the&s;e you will haue by no meanes defended; for then we defend (as you would &s;ay) another Go&s;pel. But you &s;ee euen the Doctors and Bishops who were &s;ent out of <HI>England,</HI> ioy|ned
<PB N="88" REF="49"> with <HI>Gomarus</HI> and the re&s;t in that memorable Synod of <HI>Dort:</HI> &s;o that by that vnitie, they declared a con&s;ent in doctrine, how&s;oeuer they might differ in &s;ome poynts of le&s;&s;e con&s;equence about ceremonies; &s;o they had all one Go&s;pell. All agree, that the <HI>Bi&s;hop of Rome</HI> is Antichri&s;t, and that we &s;hould &s;eparate from him; the difference is, how farre we &s;hould doe it; &s;ome de&s;iring it farther then others iudge fit: yet tho&s;e that iudge it not fit to &s;eparate &s;o farre as others de&s;ire, doe it not in any other re&s;pect, then becau&s;e they would winne the Papi&s;ts to reforma|tion, by letting them &s;ee, how they depart from them in nothing, but where they are forced to doe it, by the cleare euidence of Scripture, being willing otherwi&s;e in things indifferent to de&s;cend to their weakne&s;&s;e, &amp; rather to giue their brethren offence, with whom they joyne in all fun|damentall Verities, then the&s;e of <HI>Rome</HI> who haue <HI>&s;trong delu&s;ions to cau&s;e them to beleeue lies,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">2. The&s;. 2.11.</NOTE> and therefore mu&s;t be won by all &s;trong and gentle inducements to beleeue the truth. You &s;ee al&s;o in that Synod, how the <HI>Goma|rists</HI> (as you call them) can endure the &s;ocietie of Bi|shops, though not the &s;uperioritie; &amp; judge not the gouer|nement of Bishops &s;imply vnlawfull, but neither fit for them,<NOTE N="*" PLACE="marg">Al gouern|ment from God, this or that forme from man.</NOTE> nor to be <HI>Iure diuino.</HI> For as they condemne not, but commend Monarchies, though they doe not finde that Gouernment the be&s;t for their di&s;po&s;itions, nor to be impo&s;ed vpon all Nations <HI>iure diuino:</HI> &s;o they cen&s;ure not, at lea&s;t condemne not, Epi&s;copall Gouernment, but preferre a brotherly communion, where &s;uperioritie is rather giuen then exacted; rather shunned, then &s;ought; <HI>And all in giuing honour,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Rom. 12.10.</NOTE> <HI>goe one before another:</HI> where with you they take, beg, and buy honour, and plot and poy&s;on for place and preferment, that they may goe one before another.</P>
<P N="2"><PB N="89" REF="49">2. In the &s;econd place you labour to proue, that &s;uch as defend the cau&s;e of the <HI>Netherlanders,</HI> defend al the Re|ligions, Sects or Schi&s;mes there tolerated. But this is drawne out by a con&s;trayned con&s;equence; and by the &s;ame con&s;equence, he that fights for the Pope of <HI>Rome</HI> fights for the <HI>Iewes</HI> there maintayned, nay wor&s;e, for the maintenance of the male and female &s;lewes, and &s;o by your con&s;equence, for the defence of Sodomitrie, practi|&s;ed in <HI>Rome</HI> and all <HI>Italy.</HI> So he that fights for the <HI>Empe|rour</HI> or <HI>Venetian,</HI> fights for the <HI>Iewes,</HI> vnder whom they find toleration: So by con&s;equence, he that fights again&s;t the Catholike King, fights again&s;t <HI>Antichri&s;t,</HI> whom the Catholike King defends and &s;upports, and he that ioynes with the Catholike King ioynes with <HI>Antichrist,</HI> by your artificiall wire-drawne Argument of euill con&s;equence.</P>
<P>You produce by the way, a &s;ect of the <HI>Per&s;ecti&s;ts</HI> there (as you &s;ay) profe&s;t. Perhaps there may be &s;ome &s;uch mad-men; for <HI>Bedlam</HI> containes not all the crackt-braynd crea|tures in <HI>England:</HI> you, and many &s;uch as you are out: &s;o though there be Dull-hou&s;es in the <HI>Netherlands,</HI> all that de&s;erue to be put there, are not. Yet why should you finde fault? This Sect doth &s;uprabound with you; euery Order pretends a perfection by it &s;elfe, onely proper to them and their Founder. Here onely is the d<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">fference be|twixt your mad-men and the&s;e; The&s;e place perfection in knowledge, yours in practi&s;e, whil&s;t both erre. The&s;e whil&s;t they know &s;omething, being ignorant of them|&s;elues, &s;uppo&s;e they know all things, the fir&s;t chapter of a foole. Yours, whil&s;t they fa&s;t from flesh, pray they know not to whom, and whip them&s;elues they know not why, &s;uppo&s;e by the&s;e parts of wil-worship vnrequired, to de|&s;erue heauen for them&s;elues and others too: for from hence is the trea&s;urie of the Church, that pooremans
<PB N="90" REF="50"> Boxe of <HI>Merit</HI> and <HI>Supererrogation,</HI> wherewithall <HI>Peters</HI> &s;uppo&s;ed &s;ucce&s;&s;or is tru&s;ted, filled full drop after drop, and emptied againe by <HI>Pardons</HI> and <HI>Indulgences</HI> more then a good many. Thus yours al&s;o not knowing them|&s;elues, their owne ba&s;ene&s;&s;e, vilene&s;&s;e and vnworthine&s;&s;e, &s;eeke perfection in them&s;elues, and through &s;pirituall pride ship-wracke their owne &s;oules, and the &s;oules of &s;uch as depend vpon their rotten principles. Among&s;t the <HI>Ethnikes</HI> there were diuers Sects of Philo&s;ophers, which were their wi&s;e men, &amp; &s;uppo&s;ed them&s;elues more perfect then the re&s;t. The <HI>Academickes,</HI> &s;uch are your Ie&s;uites: the <HI>Stoickes,</HI> &s;uch are your preaching Friars: the <HI>Peripatetickes,</HI> &s;uch are your begging Friars: the <HI>Epi|cures,</HI> &s;uch are your Popes, Cardinals, Bishops, and rich Abbots. You haue <HI>Cynicks</HI> too among&s;t you, who raile at all they vnder&s;tand not; <HI>Septickes</HI> onely are forbid|den, an implicite faith is &s;ufficient by which ye beleeue the perfection of <HI>Romish dogmatizing.</HI> Therefore &s;peake not you of the&s;e <HI>Perfectists,</HI> they are of your owne breed, we di&s;claime them. They erre in &s;cience, whil&s;t they pro|fe&s;&s;e it; you in practi&s;e, whil&s;t you laugh at their fooleries, and commit wor&s;e your &s;elues.</P>
<P>A third Argument you bring to proue our Go&s;pel and theirs differ, and that wee &s;eeke to defend a wrong Go&s;|pell, &s;eeking to defend theirs. The rea&s;on, for their Go&s;|pel allowes of theft.</P>
<P>If it be &s;o, we di&s;claime their Go&s;pel and the cau&s;e al&s;o; marke the &s;olide proofe therefore.</P>
<P>The <HI>Netherlands</HI> &s;teale whole Prouinces from the King of <HI>Spaine,</HI> whil&s;t they hang theeues for trifles, and that by their Go&s;pels warrant, for &s;o it mu&s;t be, or you &s;ay nothing. Surely I thinke if they had you, they would &s;carce hang you, they are &s;o mercifull: many that de&s;erue it perhaps as well as you haue done, doe yet &s;cape, and en|ioy
<PB N="91" REF="50"> their libertie in hope of amendment, as you doe, if you haue grace to make good v&s;e of it.</P>
<P>But if they be theeues and &s;teale Prouinces from <HI>Spaine;</HI> How hath <HI>Spaine</HI> gotten &s;uperioritie ouer his neighbour-Nations? how hath he made many intru&s;i|ons vpon <HI>Savoy, Nauarre, France, Italy?</HI> How vpon the Ea&s;t and We&s;t <HI>Indies?</HI> How vpon <HI>Ireland,</HI> and how v|pon <HI>England</HI> al&s;o, who&s;e pur&s;e he would haue taken, whil&s;t you and yours were &s;etters and plotters for the pur|cha&s;e? Is he a thiefe for this? Is this Catholike doctrine? I feare you mu&s;t pa&s;&s;e vnder the rod of penance for this ouer-&s;ight. Remember what the Pirate &s;aid to <HI>Alexander</HI> the Great: I am a Pirate and a thiefe robbing with one ship, and taking away a little; and becau&s;e thou rob&s;t the whole world with a Nauie and an Armie, thou art &s;tyled an Emperour. <HI>Indian</HI> gold is able to purcha&s;e many more able flatterers and &s;upporters, then you are. And what power did euer want prai&s;e, though neuer &s;o wicked, ty|rannous, or vniu&s;t? He cannot but be defended and com|mended, who hath Antichri&s;t and the whole <HI>Romane Conclaue</HI> at his command.</P>
<P>That which remaines is matter of controuer&s;ie in Re|ligion, which you haue propounded at plea&s;ure, making me a very &s;imple fellow fit to be coopled with you for company in the an&s;wers annexed by you: Yet that which you propound is &s;uch &s;tuffe, and &s;o followed, as you need not prote&s;t your &s;elfe to be no Diuine; you bewray it &s;uf|ficiently in your Di&s;cour&s;e, though otherwi&s;e I might haue doubted a Prie&s;t or Ie&s;uite (as they had wont) might haue lurked vnder a buffe Ierkin, a red &s;carfe and feather. And indeed though I acknowledge there are many lear|ned men on your &s;ide, yet me thinkes &s;uch kind of know|ledge is a matter &s;uperfluous, and leading towards here|&s;ie,
<PB N="92" REF="51"> for &s;ince that infallible &s;pirit of deci&s;ion, direction, and expo&s;ition is in your Popes bre&s;t, what need other Doc|tors, then &s;uch &s;imple and illiterate per&s;ons as Chri&s;t fir&s;t cho&s;e to be his Apo&s;tles, and to plant his Church, &s;ince there remaines in your Church &s;till extraordinarie and primarie power to di&s;po&s;e of the &s;pirit miraculou&s;ly, and &s;o to be&s;tow the gifts of tongues and miracles, as it was with Chri&s;t him&s;elfe, and his Apo&s;tles after? For which cau&s;e your Sea of <HI>Rome</HI> is called the Apo&s;tolique Sea, from whence all that &s;upernaturall power is deriued, as from an ordinarie Mini&s;ter or Vicar appointed by Chri&s;t to that end. But to leaue this &s;till in doubt, come to your Diuinitie: Two points you in&s;i&s;t vpon: The <HI>Euchari&s;t,</HI> &amp; <HI>auricular Confe&s;sion:</HI> In &s;peaking of the&s;e, you labor to ju&s;tifie your owne doctrine &amp; practi&s;e, and di&s;proue ours.</P>
<P>You fir&s;t labour to free your &s;elfe from Idolatrie, and &s;ay, If Chri&s;ts body be not truly in the Ma&s;&s;e, that is, as you vnder&s;tand it, if the bread be not truly tran&s;ub&s;tanti|ated into the bodie of Chri&s;t, then you doe not intend any worship to it, and &s;o you commit no Idolatrie.</P>
<P>But as an oth (which is a &s;pecial part of Gods worship) is not vnder&s;tood according to the &s;ecret intent of the &s;wearer (for then your <HI>equiuocation</HI> and <HI>mentall re&s;erua|tion</HI> might be iu&s;tified,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Lingua iu|ro, mentem inju<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">atam <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">to. Non enim quando in|ras, tibi iu|r<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">s, aut la|pidi iuras, &s;ed proximo <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">tas, Aug: de verbis S. Iacobi. cap. 5. Ser. 30.</NOTE> and there were no v&s;e of an oth at all, the oth being only to bewray and a&s;&s;ure the cer|taine inward intent of him that makes it) but according to the plaine, open, and direct intent of him to whom the oth is made, and of all others that &s;ee the end wherefore it was made, and &s;o can iudge of the truth or fal&s;ehood: So outward worship of the bread in the Sacrament, is not to be vnder&s;tood according to your inward intent, which hath <HI>ifs</HI> and <HI>ands</HI> in it, (<HI>if</HI> it be Chri&s;ts body you worship it; <HI>and if</HI> it be not, then you do not intend to worship
<PB N="93" REF="51"> it) but according to the vnder&s;tanding of all that be|hold you (the eye being the iudge of bodily worship) and they beholding you giue to the bread the &s;ame out|ward worship which they &s;ee you giue vnto God, iudge pre&s;ently and plainely, that you commit gro&s;&s;e idolatry: for the &s;ame eye that beholdes your bodily and exterior worship, beholds withall, that the obiect of that bodily worship is bread which they &s;ee, and not the body of Chri&s;t which they &s;ee not, to which you &s;ay, your intent hath reference.</P>
<P>Againe, your worship which wee now &s;peake of being the exterior reuerence of the body, mu&s;t be for the Ideots &s;atisfaction a&s;well as for the greate&s;t Clerkes: for it is S. <HI>Paules</HI> Argument again&s;t publique v&s;e of an <HI>vnknowne tongue</HI> in the Church, e&s;pecially in preaching, or prayer: <HI>If when the the whole Church is come together in one,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">1. Cor. 14.2<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"></NOTE> <HI>and all &s;peake strange tongues, there come in they that are vnlearned, or they which beleeue not, will they not &s;ay that ye are out of your wits?</HI> and a little after,<NOTE PLACE="marg">1. Cor. 14, 26.</NOTE> <HI>Let all things be done to edification.</HI> Thus wee &s;ee the Apo&s;tle had a care euen in things <HI>not &s;imply vnlawfull,</HI> to giue no &s;candall or offence to the vnlearned; nay, to giue &s;uch &s;ati&s;faction, &amp; to prouide, that nothing should be done in the Church, but that which tended to edification, and to the opening of the mouthes of babes and &s;ucklings to confe&s;&s;e him; at lea&s;t to the &s;topping vp of their mouthes, that would not confe&s;&s;e and prai&s;e him. And wee &s;ee he hath a care to giue &s;atisfaction to the vnlearned. How then dare you do an <HI>act</HI> which is <HI>directly prohibited,</HI> &amp; which doth not only <HI>&s;candalize the Iewes,</HI> who hate the <HI>apparance of Ido|try,</HI> but all <HI>&s;ober Chri&s;tians,</HI> who are not drunke with the <HI>whores cup of fornications,</HI> and bewitched with her in|chantmentes &amp; deuillish incantations, whil&s;t they &s;ee you
<PB N="94" REF="52"> giue worship to that which they &s;ee and ta&s;te to be bread as euidently, as they &s;ee you kneele and worship? Mu&s;t they not needes count this idolatry, and iudge you to be out <HI>of your wits,</HI> practi&s;ing this publiquely, and defending this practi&s;e impudently and ob&s;tinately? This tends not to edification of the weake, but to the de&s;truction of the &s;trong, euen of the &s;tronge&s;t <HI>Samp&s;on</HI> or <HI>Salomon</HI> a|mong&s;t you, though he be able otherwi&s;e to <HI>carry away all the gates of his enemies,</HI> and to <HI>re&s;olue all the riddles, doubtes, and anigmaticall controuer&s;ies</HI> that haue beene, are,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Iob. 34.9.</NOTE> or may be propounded. <HI>The eare</HI> (&s;aith <HI>Elihu</HI> in <HI>Iob) tryeth wordes;</HI> thats the Apo&s;tles argument, to proue the the nece&s;&s;arie v&s;e of a knowne tongue in the congregati|on: <HI>The Mouth ta&s;teth meates,</HI> (&s;aith <HI>Elihu</HI> in the &s;ame place) thats my inference vpon the Apo&s;tles words, who would haue all things done &s;oberly, that men might not judge vs <HI>mad;</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">E&s;. 44.25.26</NOTE> but when your knee tels me, that Cake is God, which the Baker tels me is breade; bread that he made, part whereof hee eate him&s;elfe, part whereof he crammed his Capons and Chickings withall, and part whereof he employd in meaner v&s;es; when my eye tels me it is &s;o, and my ta&s;te and feeling tels me the &s;ame, shall not I thinke you <HI>mad</HI> or drunken Idolaters to beleeue the contrary,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ap. 14.28.</NOTE> or to per&s;wade me, or any other per&s;on wi&s;e or &s;imple, to beleeue the contrary? This opinion and your <HI>Latin Lyturgie</HI> are well coopled together in communi|on, being direct euidences of <HI>Antichri&s;tiani&s;me,</HI> and parts of that <HI>My&s;terie of Iniquity</HI> which began to worke euen in the Apo&s;tles time, and was afterward by inches (as the <HI>Ma&s;&s;e</HI> grew by time in greatne&s;&s;e to a mon&s;trous <HI>Ma&s;se</HI> of <HI>&s;uper&s;titions</HI> indeed) introduced vnder the dangerous co|lour of <HI>good intent,</HI> to obfu&s;cate truth, &amp; cau&s;e men to re|ceiue &amp; <HI>beleeue lyes.</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg"><GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">. Thef. 1.10.11.12.</NOTE> The bold attempts, and de&s;perate on|&s;ets,
<PB N="95" REF="52"> together with the euill euents and dangerous &s;ucce&s;&s;e of <HI>good intents</HI> grounded vpon <HI>ignorant zeale,</HI> you may ob&s;erue in your &s;elfe; who, like an <HI>Italian Montbanke</HI> or <HI>Romish Iuggler,</HI> play fa&s;t and loo&s;e with your faith, euen in the point of worship, the &s;upreme and &s;ouereigne &s;er|uice of Chri&s;tianity; <HI>If the Cake be Christ, you worship it; if it be not Christ, you intend no worship to it.</HI></P>
<P>But thus may the Heathens argue for them&s;elues, That they intend no worship to their Idols, except they be gods, but by them they &s;end vp their worship to the true God; for what they doe, they intend to the true God, or to none.</P>
<P>You build vpon Chri&s;ts words who cannot deceiue, and is &s;ufficient to performe what he &s;peakes: and he hath &s;aid, The bread is his bodie, and were it &s;till bread, (&s;ay you) yet he hauing &s;aid, it was his bodie, and you be|leeuing it to be &s;o, he cannot condemne you of mi&s;-be|liefe: for if he had neuer &s;aid it, you had neuer beleeued it.</P>
<P>We acknowledge Chri&s;ts truth and power: but here we looke to what he did and &s;aid, and do not with you pre&s;ume to change his words or workes: He neither &s;aid, the bread was tran&s;ub&s;tantiated into his bodie, nor did he will his Apo&s;tles, or their &s;ucce&s;&s;ors to worship it, but to take and eate it, and doe it in remembrance of him. Chri&s;t &s;aid, <HI>This is my bodie:</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Luk. 22.19.</NOTE> we &s;ay &s;o too with him and with you: The difference is about the manner of his pre&s;ence: You &s;ay, the bread remaines not, though you &s;ee, feele, ta&s;te bread: We &s;ay, Chri&s;ts bodie is taken and eaten by the &s;oule of the faithfull, whil&s;t his hand takes, &amp; mouth eates the bread. So it is his body (as he intended) though bread remaines; bread really, his body Sacramentally and Spiritually, both truly. Chri&s;t as concerning his bodily
<PB N="96" REF="53"> pre&s;ence is in heauen at the right hand of God the Father, &s;o we are taught to beleeue; and from thence as concer|ning locall dece&s;&s;ion, shall not come, till he comes in glo|rie to iudge the quicke and dead: this we &s;ee confirmed, Act. 3.21. <HI>Whom the heauens mu&s;t receiue, vntill the time of restitution of all things, which God hath &s;poken by the mouth of his holy Prophets, &s;ince the world began.</HI> And <HI>Ioh.</HI> 16.<HI>28. I leaue the world, and go vnto the Father.</HI> Mat. 26.11 <HI>Ye haue the poore alwayes with you,</HI> that is. You shall not haue me alwayes pre&s;ent in bodie for I goe <HI>&s;o</HI> vnto the Father, but in &s;pirit and power alwayes; <HI>for loe, I am with you,</HI> &s;o, <HI>to the end of the world, Mat, 28.20.</HI> What can be more plaine and cleare? Then looke for a figuratiue vn|der&s;tanding of the&s;e words, and for a &s;pirituall eating of Chri&s;t, or el&s;e you denie your Creed, and contradict S. <HI>Pe|ter</HI> and Chri&s;t him&s;elfe; <HI>for the flesh profiteth nothing,</HI> Ioh. 6.63. <HI>It is the Spirit that quickeneth;</HI> not the literall, but the &s;pirituall vnder&s;tanding and eating nourisheth the Spirit. That which the bodie eates, cannot benefite the &s;oule, that which the &s;oule eates cannot nourish the bo|die. The bodie eates bread; the &s;oule, Chri&s;t; the one by the teeth, the other, by faith: both are thus nourished according to their &s;euerall natures and e&s;&s;ences. If you will not grant a figure in the&s;e words, what &s;ay you to tho&s;e that follow immediatly as part of this Sacrament?<NOTE PLACE="marg">1. Cor. 11.13</NOTE> <HI>Drinke ye all of this; for this is the new Te&s;tament in my blood, &amp;c.</HI> You mu&s;t beleeue the Chalice is the new Te&s;tament in Chri&s;ts blood; that is, tran&s;ub&s;tantiated into the new Te|&s;tament in Chri&s;ts blood; not the wine only, but the Cha|lice al&s;o; or el&s;e admit a figure in the &s;peech. And if you grant a figure in this, why not in the former? the &s;ame Chri&s;t &s;pake both, the &s;ame Chri&s;t is able alike, the &s;ame Chri&s;t wils me to doe both in remembrance of him, and
<PB N="97" REF="53"> to beleeue both alike. Nay rather thus I may argue, &s;ince you mu&s;t needes grant a figure in this, by con&s;equence, a figure mu&s;t be vnder&s;tood nece&s;&s;arily &amp; properly in the o|ther, our Sauiour had el&s;e &s;poken improperly: words mu&s;t agree with the workes. And this being a figuratiue or &s;a|cramentall action, mu&s;t be deliuered in a figuratiue forme or phra&s;e of &s;peech, as being mo&s;t proper and congruous to the occa&s;ion. Therefore though this errour of Tran|&s;ub&s;tantiation began to be bu&s;ie betimes in the Church, by rea&s;on of diuer&s;e carnall eares who vnder&s;tood Chri&s;t as <HI>Nicodemus</HI> did, <HI>Io. 3.5.6.</HI> and as the Capernaits did, <HI>Ioh. 6.51.52.63.</HI> Yet it was held indifferent, and not pre&s;t vpon any to beleeue the manner of his pre&s;ence till the Coun|cell of <HI>Lateran,</HI> as Bishop <HI>Ton&s;tall,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">De ver<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">tat<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> corp. &amp; Sang. p. 46.</NOTE> though he were one of yours, confe&s;&s;eth; but then this errour was confirmed by <HI>Antichrist</HI> and his a&s;&s;ociates. Before,</P>
<LG>
<L>Chri&s;t was the Word and &s;pake it,</L>
<L>He tooke the bread and brake it,</L>
<L>And as his Word doth make it,</L>
<L>So I receiue and take it,</L>
</LG>
<P>Was enough to be profe&s;&s;ed and confe&s;&s;ed to make a man a worthy receiuer, without farther di&s;qui&s;ition into the &s;ecret clo&s;et of the con&s;cience, to know if men had rea|&s;on and &s;ence or no, and then to make that a &s;ufficient quarrell to exclude them: For now if we will not beleeue that which contradicts &s;ence, rea&s;on, faith and Religion, from the table we mu&s;t be ca&s;t and to the fire we mu&s;t be haled as Heretickes. Now therefore this is the note:</P>
<LG>
<L>Priests make Christs body and &s;oule, ye need not doubt;</L>
<L>They eat, they drinke, they boxe him vp, and beare about.</L>
<L>One is too little; Bread and Wine</L>
<L>Holds him &s;euerall: &s;o wee dine,</L>
<L>I with my Chri&s;t, thou with thine.</L>
</LG>
<LG>
<PB N="98" REF="54">
<L>Is thy mouth the Virgins wombe, is bread her &s;eed?</L>
<L>Are thy words the holy Gho&s;t? Is this the Creed?</L>
<L>O pre&s;umptuous vndertaker,</L>
<L>Neuer Cake could make his Baker:</L>
<L>Yet the Prie&s;t can make his Maker.</L>
</LG>
<LG>
<L>What becomes of al tho&s;e Chri&s;ts that Prie&s;ts haue made?</L>
<L>Doe the&s;e Hoasts of Hoasts abide? or do they fade?</L>
<L>One Christ liues, but all the&s;e die:</L>
<L>One Christ bides, when all the&s;e flie:</L>
<L>One is true, the rest a lye.</L>
</LG>
<P>You then from the matter, fall to the manner of cele|brating; debating whether to doe it vpon a table as we doe, or on an altar with you, be the true&s;t forme.</P>
<P>Chri&s;t in&s;tituted it, and celebrated it at a table; this you confe&s;&s;e; he is the &s;afe&s;t patterne to follow. Before I heare you &s;ay; <HI>Hee hauing &s;aid, it was his bodie, and I beleeuing it &s;o to be, his iu&s;tice and goodne&s;&s;e is &s;uch, that he cannot condemne me of mi&s;-beliefe, him&s;elfe hauing beene the cau&s;e why I &s;o beleeue; for if he had neuer &s;aid it, I had neuer be|leeued it.</HI> So &s;ay I, and &s;o ought you to &s;ay, he in&s;tituted it vpon a table, not vpon an altar; he gaue bread and wine, not bread alone; he gaue common bread, and broke it, not printed wafers to be &s;wallowed whole; he willed me to eate, not to &s;wallow whole and vnbroken; to take it, not to adore it; to doe it in remembrance of him, not as if he were pre&s;ent corporally: <HI>Till he comes,</HI> &s;aith S. <HI>Paul,</HI> not as if he were come; and if he had neuer &s;aid it, I had neuer beleeued it; if he had neuer commanded it, I had neuer done it. But now I beleeue, and obay, and will doe as he bids me, what&s;oeuer an Angel, much more what|&s;oeuer a Shaueling can &s;ay to the contrarie.</P>
<P><NOTE PLACE="marg">1. Cor. 11.23</NOTE>Be&s;ides, I &s;ee S. <HI>Paule</HI> and the <HI>Corinthians</HI> celebrating at a table, I neither heare of the bread tran&s;ub&s;tantiated,
<PB N="99" REF="54"> nor of the wine withdrawne from the people, nor of in|uocation or adoration, but all done as we doe it, in remem|brance of Chri&s;ts death, by way of thankfull acknowledge|ment of the benefit wrought for mankind thereby. All the re&s;t is of your owne inuention, &s;uper&s;titious, idola|trous, antichri&s;tian.</P>
<P>Looke the place and it will confirme you in all the&s;e plaine and euident truthes: for they tooke the Sacrament at their loue-fea&s;tes, &s;o far then from &s;uper&s;titious adorati|ons, as they were irreverend and almo&s;t prophane in not di&s;cerning betwixt that, being a religious action, a &s;pi|rituall meate, and other ciuill actions and corporall meates: wherefore the Apo&s;tle reduceth them to the primitiue in&s;titution, far from mad Idolatry and drunken prophane|ne&s;&s;e, in chri&s;tian &s;obriety as becomes per&s;ons made worthy partakers of &s;o great a My&s;tery.</P>
<P>That which you adde to auoide your Idolatry, as if the reuerence you doe to your Idoll in the Ma&s;&s;e, were no more then what we in the pre&s;ence shew to the Kings chaire of State, is ridiculous. Our reuerence is ciuill, yours is religious: all men, yea the &s;imple&s;t old wife can di&s;tin|guish ours from a religious act of worship to God; it trou|ples your greate&s;t Doctors to cleare your point in the Schooles by imaginarie di&s;tinctions; how then in actions they shall be di&s;tinguished, e&s;pecially when they are to be performed by an old ignorant woman, it will trouble a man no le&s;&s;e wi&s;e then your &s;elfe to imagine, much more to manife&s;t.</P>
<P>That which S. <HI>Augu&s;tine</HI> &s;aith of <HI>Images, being Lay|mens bookes,</HI> is concerning their hi&s;toricall v&s;e; but we &s;ee they haue taught the people &s;o many lies, that if <HI>Augu|&s;tine</HI> were now aliue, he would barre them both from preaching and praying in the Church too. For if a <HI>woman</HI>
<PB N="100" REF="55"> be forbidden to be a teacher there, I know not why a <HI>dumbe Idoll</HI> should be there admitted to teach.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Zach. 11.15.17.</NOTE> I pre&s;ume, both the pretence and intent of the fir&s;t introducers was good, to banish heathen Idols, to plea&s;e the new conuerts with &s;omething &s;utable to their olde &s;uper&s;titions; but we &s;ee the euill &s;ucce&s;&s;e of this, and of all other points of hu|mane Policie, of worldly wi&s;dom intermixt with the wor|ship of God, either directly again&s;t, or &s;imply without the authoritie of the word of God it &s;elf, how it brings co~fu&s;i|on, &amp; helps in the i&s;&s;ue to pul down <HI>Sio~,</HI> &amp; build vp <HI>Babel.</HI></P>
<P>The la&s;t point you handle is <HI>auricular confe&s;sion;</HI> for which you bring a proofe from Scripture: The proofe is Chri&s;ts generall commi&s;&s;ion giuen to the Apo&s;tles and their Succe&s;&s;ours, <HI>Receiue the Holy Ghost, who&s;e &s;innes you shall forgiue,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Ioh. 20.20.<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">1.</NOTE> <HI>they are forgiuen; and who&s;e &s;innes you shall retayne, they are retayned.</HI> But here you leaue out what Chri&s;t &s;pake to them before, namely, <HI>As my Father &s;ent me, &s;o &s;end I you.</HI> Chri&s;t was &s;ent to forgiue &s;innes, not by hearing <HI>auricular Confe&s;sion,</HI> but by preaching the Go&s;pel of Repentance, from dead workes and faith in Gods promi&s;es made in him; and &s;o &s;ent he his Apo|&s;tles, not to heare priuate confe&s;&s;ions, but to publish the Go&s;pel for remi&s;&s;ion of &s;innes, and &s;auing poore repen|ting and beleeuing &s;oules, who made publique confe&s;&s;ion of their &s;innes, as the Apo&s;tles did publiquely preach re|pentance and confe&s;&s;ion.</P>
<P>You bring in al&s;o the example of <HI>Iohn Bapti&s;t, Mat. 3.</HI>6. Where the people are &s;aid to come out to him to be bap|tized, confe&s;&s;ing their &s;innes; which makes nothing for your purpo&s;e, to prooue <HI>auricular Confe&s;sion,</HI> but shewes how glad you would be to finde shelter to couer your nakedne&s;&s;e in the garden of God, when your owne figge-leaues will not &s;erue your turne.</P>
<PB N="101" REF="55">
<P>The truth is, they that came to be baptized publikely, were publikely to acknowledge that guilt &amp; &s;inne which they would haue washed away, and remitted by Bap|ti&s;me: for before the receipt of cure, they were to know and acknowledge them&s;elues &s;icke; but all this was pub|like and generall, not priuately and particularly whispered into Saint <HI>Iohns</HI> eare, as you v&s;e and imagine. A Monke of your owne confe&s;&s;eth this;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Dioni&s;. Cart. Mat. 3.6.</NOTE> For then (&s;aith he) was not the Sacrament of <HI>auricular confe&s;sion</HI> in&s;tituted by Chri&s;t.</P>
<P>We allow confe&s;&s;ion, and our Preachers doe often in|force it, what they may, vpon the bleeding con&s;cience, vnable to &s;tanch her owne wounds. But herein is the dif|ference betwixt you and vs: 1. Yours is of nece&s;&s;itie, ours voluntarie. 2. Yours requires an exact numeration, ours &s;aith with <HI>David, P&s;al.</HI> 19.<HI>12: Who vnder&s;tandeth his faults?</HI> Therefore we &s;eeke to haue tho&s;e confe&s;&s;ed, which notwith&s;tanding our former confe&s;&s;ing to God, we finde &s;till to leaue a &s;ting behind. 3. Yours is full of &s;uper&s;ti|tion, as if the worke wrought, that is, the confe&s;&s;ion of the &s;inner, &amp; ab&s;olution of the Confe&s;&s;or, were &s;ufficient to a&s;&s;ure &s;aluation; when with vs there is no remi&s;&s;ion, but by the free grace of God alone. 4. La&s;tly, yours is horri|bly abu&s;ed, to vnlocke the &s;ecrets of Princes, to rule ouer the con&s;ciences of men, (for I am ma&s;ter ouer that man, who&s;e naturall inclination I vnder&s;tand, and know how to rule him by his vices, which are con&s;tant and importu|nate, better then by his vertues, which are no fauourites, and are al&s;o &s;eldome at home.) Yea, this hath beene, and is too often v&s;ed, to deflowre Virgins and Matrons, and to to perpetrate and faciliate other darke and blacke actions, for which cau&s;e it was banished <HI>Constantinople</HI> by <HI>Necta|rius</HI> the Bishop there, and is worthy to be banished all Chri&s;tian Common-wealths: for by this alone, hauing
<PB N="102" REF="56"> either the Prince him&s;elfe, or any of his neere &s;eruants or his wife, or any of theirs, vnder your imperious fingers, you know cunningly how to open the clo&s;e&s;t cabinet of &s;ecret coun&s;ell; and to make a &s;uper&s;titious and trembling &s;oule your in&s;trument to &s;ay, &s;weare, reueale, conceale, what&s;oeuer you command, that may be for the aduan|tage of your Catholike cau&s;e. And &s;o euery Prie&s;t is an ab|&s;olute priuie Councellor.</P>
<P>But you haue taken an oath to conceale all &s;ecrets de|liuered <HI>&s;ub &s;igillo confe&s;sionis.</HI> Indeed this mu&s;t needs &s;e|cure all men; I had forgotten this. Yet now I remember me, you may be ab&s;olued and di&s;pen&s;ed withall, if you should reueale any &s;ecret deliuered in confe&s;&s;ion: Be&s;ides, you haue taken an oath fir&s;t, to conceale nothing that may be prejudiciall to the Romane Catholike Religion, but to reueale all that may aduance it, or any way concer|nes it. Now the fir&s;t oath bindes, and a&s;&s;oiles the latter, which is but &s;ecundarie, and with &s;ubordinate re&s;pects.</P>
<P>And for matter of meere con&s;cience, how&s;oeuer world|ly wi&s;edome would thinke, and you &s;ay, that <HI>auricular Confe&s;sion</HI> &s;erues to bridle &s;inne by shame, it is farre other|wi&s;e; my experience knowes, that it makes men and wo|men impudent, &s;o that they care not at la&s;t who knowes or &s;ees their filthine&s;&s;e. I haue &s;eene the written confe&s;&s;i|ons of &s;ome before they were &s;ent to their Confe&s;&s;ors, and that without the lea&s;t touch of mode&s;tie, or &s;ence of shame in the impudent penitents, when I haue blushed to reade tho&s;e horrible crimes, which they gloried to iterate, both in confe&s;&s;ing and committing interchangeably.</P>
<P>Thus our new-converted Gallants (who neuer had a God before, till now that they haue gotten him about their neckes, and in their Tobacco-boxes) can goe to a Play, and from thence to a baudie-hou&s;e, and from thence
<PB N="103" REF="56"> in a morning to <HI>confe&s;sion</HI> and <HI>Ma&s;&s;e:</HI> and thus make them&s;elues new men, that is, of men, mon&s;ters euery day. And this is the onely rea&s;on, they &s;o ea&s;ily turne to be yours; becau&s;e, though your confe&s;&s;ing, and penance, and whipping, and haire-cloth shirts &s;eeme &s;trange things, and make a faire shew at fir&s;t blush; yet they are nothing in compari&s;on of leauing tho&s;e &s;weet &s;innes whereunto we haue beene accu&s;tomed; and betaking our &s;elues to ho|ly and reformed cour&s;es, without which our Preachers &s;ay, and shew plainely by Scripture, that there is no hope of &s;aluation. And this is the rea&s;on our Libertines ea&s;ily turne Papi&s;ts; (though you cry out again&s;t vs, and call vs Liber|tines, becau&s;e we profe&s;&s;e the libertie of the Go&s;pel, from your<NOTE N="*" PLACE="marg">Our &s;oone to the their be&s;t &s;oone turne to vs. When you be at the be&s;t, you are neere&s;t vs, and when we be at the wor&s;t, wee are neere&s;t you.</NOTE> Iewish ceremonies and &s;uper&s;titions) and this is the cau&s;e your hone&s;te&s;t Profe&s;&s;ors, who are not intangled and kept backe by honours, or plea&s;ures, or profit, or hu|mane re&s;pects, are ea&s;ily induced to be ours, without which they cannot be Chri&s;ts and Gods.</P>
<P>The re&s;t that remaines of yours, is &s;uch extrauagant &s;tuffe, as shall need no other an&s;were then &s;ilence and contempt, which I shall &s;till v&s;e both towards you, and all others that take your part in this &s;ubject, or shall audaci|ou&s;ly reply on your behalfe. A&s;&s;uring your &s;elfe, that not|with&s;tanding all you can &s;ay, many of the English who are yours in Religion, doe a&s;&s;i&s;t the States in their warres with body and goods, both in regard of the iu&s;tne&s;&s;e of the cau&s;e which you impugne, and the nece&s;&s;itie they &s;ee of vpholding them, or falling our &s;elues with them to Spanish &s;ubiection and &s;lauerie, which they are not &s;uch traitors to permit; how&s;oeuer you, and &s;uch as you wish it. And for our owne, I meane, &s;uch as are reformed Ca|tholikes indeed, they laugh at all that you &s;ay, as knowing the truth much better, then to be mi&s;-led by iuggling. And
<PB N="104" REF="57"> therefore you &s;ee how ea&s;ily they are drawne to goe ouer with me to &s;erue the <HI>States General,</HI> when you haue lien long in <HI>London,</HI> and &s;pent much money, &amp; promi&s;ed large meanes, (much more then you meane euer to performe) yet goe ouer weakely prouided; and &s;uch as you carrie, you haue gotten by faining your &s;elfe to be for vs, &amp; now hold by force, or they would now leaue you, and come to vs. But the be&s;t is, you put the King of <HI>Spaine</HI> to booteles co&s;t to carrie them ouer for vs at his charge: for within this three moneths we shall haue all that are left aliue, come to vs, for bread, or meanes, or their Pa&s;&s;es. And for &s;uch as are with vs alreadie, all that you haue; or can &s;ay, doth but rather cau&s;e them to binde them&s;elues more clo&s;e together, for the cunning and indu&s;trie they &s;ee v&s;ed on all &s;ides to diuide and &s;euer them.</P>
<P><HI>And this (I doubt not) will moue the wi&s;dome of the <HI>States General,</HI> and his <HI>Excellencie,</HI> &s;eeing our people at home &s;o well affected to their Cau&s;e and Countrey, and the Commanders and Souldiers &s;o &s;ure and tru&s;tie to them, (as per&s;ons intere&s;ted in the &s;ame quarrell) to v&s;e them not as meere mercenarie and &s;a|larie Souldiers, but nobly, freely, and bountifully as Natiues; who though they take pay, as their owne, for meere nece&s;&s;itie, (<HI>for vvho goeth to vvarfarre at his ovvne charge?</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg"><GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">. Cor. 9.7.</NOTE>) yet fight freely, not with re&s;|pect to the money, but loue of the Cau&s;e and Countrey; for which they de&s;erue to haue v&s;age as Natiues, to be payed with aduantage, to haue their meanes advanced without exaction, or grieuance. And this I wish for conclu&s;ion, and would adui&s;e if they wanted it, or I were wi&s;e enough to adui&s;e, that the Lords would carefully fore&s;ee, that neither they, nor the Coronels preferre young men vpon letters and commends, to places of command; for &s;o th<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">y may aduance enemies, &amp; permit (through couetou&s;ne&s;&s;e) <HI>Indian</HI> gold in the hand of a <HI>Spanish</HI> Amba&s;&s;ador, Agent, or Pentioner; <HI>Hee</HI> or <HI>Shee</HI> to &s;tickle in the Camp, as it doth often in the Courts of Princes; but haue an eye to old Soul|diers of merit, &s;eruice and experience, and freely preferre them, and then (God being their helpe, and &s;till keeping them in concord) they need feare nothing, nor care what you and your a&s;&s;ociates can &s;ay, nor what your Ma&s;ter and all his mini&s;ters can doe again&s;t them: <HI>Si Deus nobi&s;cum; quis contra nos? To this Emanuel, this God vvith vs, be all honour and glorie by vs a&s;cribed, novv and euer, Amen.</HI></HI></P>
</SP>
<TRAILER>FINIS.</TRAILER>
</DIV1>
</BODY>
</TEXT>
</EEBO>
</ETS>
