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<NAME>Olivia Bottum</NAME>
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<P>ESSAYES <HI>Or rather,</HI> ENCOMIONS, <HI>Pray&s;es of</HI> SADNESSE: AND <HI>OF THE EMPEROVR</HI> IVLIAN the Apo&s;tata.</P>
<P><HI>By Sir</HI> WILLIAM CORNEWALLIS, <HI>the younger Knight.</HI></P>
<P>AT LONDON, Printed by <HI>George Pur&s;lowe,</HI> for <HI>Richard Hawkins,</HI> and are to be &s;old at his Shop in Chauncery lane, neere <HI>Seriants</HI> Inne. 1616.</P>
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<HEAD>To the READER.</HEAD>
<P>_IF tho&s;e precepts that adui&s;e the pre|uenting of the infirmities of the mind, haue bin euer more &s;afe and &s;weet, the~ theirs that like laws hold their peace vntil they haue them in their power, and then plucke them vp by the roots: i&s; he that pre&s;cribes temperance be the be&s;t Phy&s;icion: hee the be&s;t Pilot that fore&s;ees a &s;torme: he the best State&s;-man, that vnder|&s;tands the dangers of his Countrey in their bud and greenne&s;se: and in a word they the happiest Coun&s;ellors, that &s;eeke to keep vs out of the contingency of perill: it is not impo&s;sible (Reader) but I may be of &s;ome v&s;e to thee: But I pray&s;e <HI>Sadne&s;&s;e,</HI> &s;o doth the Phy&s;icion his me|dicine, which how&s;oeuer thy ta&s;te abhorres, thy rea&s;on de&s;ires, and being once downe, thou art content to forget the loth&s;omne&s;&s;e, and regard the operation. I will com|mend my pre&s;cription to thee no further, then that it cannot hurt; what good it may doe, let thy experience re&s;olue thee; which the warranty of the &s;afety may in|uite thee to: If it wants tho&s;e graces and embelli&s;h|ments that he hath need of, that aduentures on an in|nouation; let a plaine true tale be accepted better then a
<PB REF="3"> filed fal&s;hood; e&s;pecially &s;ince through the cloud of mine Ignorance truth &s;hewes thee light enough, to direct thy way, though not to delight thee in thy iourney: I &s;eeke not honour from thee, nor am I the &s;ubiect of thine opini|on; thy cen&s;ure &s;hall onely concerne thy &s;elfe: for mee, though I &s;hould hold my cloake the fa&s;ter for the winde; yet &s;hall I neuer yeeld it to the Sunne; he that feeles not their pre&s;ent power, needes not feare the future, and I am armed again&s;t both, either with a knowledge or a dul|ne&s;&s;e of proofe: And &s;o I leaue thee to thine owne iudge|ment if thou ha&s;t one; or if thou ha&s;t not, to liue like the Moale by hearing: <HI>Farewell.</HI></P>
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<HEAD>THE PRAYSE OF <HI>SADNESSE.</HI></HEAD>
<P>_THey that haue ble&s;&s;ed their time with drawing into their owne bo|&s;omes the con&s;ideration of the world and her mutabilities; and kept them there, to &s;trengthen their rea&s;on again&s;t the vanity &amp; waywardne&s;&s;e of their affections and pa&s;&s;ions, know already, I may offend opinion, but not truth, vndertaking as impertinent a worke, as he that intended to pray&s;e <HI>Hercules:</HI> to the&s;e I addre&s;&s;e not my &s;elf, vnle&s;&s;e they wil plea&s;e to perfect me, &s;ince I cannot them. But to tho&s;e I am directed, that ei|ther the &s;myles of Fortune haue depriued of the true knowledge of the condition of man, or youth hath not yet ripened; or &s;uch vulgar and earthly crea|tures, who&s;e iudgement dazeled with beholding the outward &s;plendor of Fortunes Minions (the mi&s;era|ble&s;t of all) cannot or will not &s;ee with what terrible cares and di&s;contentments, the purple robe is lined.</P>
<P>I know, but feare not, the danger of cheri&s;hing and defending &s;o vnwelcome a gue&s;t as &s;adne&s;&s;e; &s;o &s;hunned, &s;o abhorred: For &s;ince I am well a&s;&s;ured,
<PB REF="4"> they haue condemned rather her countenance, then her &s;elfe: and that both her Iudge, Iury, and hang|man, hath bin that acrie mon&s;ter <HI>Opinion;</HI> that ta|keth all vpon tru&s;t, and an&s;wers nothing with rea|&s;on; I was the rather inclyned to be her friend, be|cau&s;e <HI>opinion</HI> was her enemy; the fir&s;t proofe of her goodnes,<NOTE PLACE="marg">The fir&s;t proofe of her goodne&s;&s;e.</NOTE> &s;ince &s;he is hated, by &s;o fal&s;e and ob&s;tinate an enemy to wi&s;dome and Iudgement.</P>
<P>Fir&s;t then, becau&s;e our humane weakne&s;&s;e, and chiefely tho&s;e that I de&s;ire to in&s;truct, vnder&s;tand be&s;t by contraryes; as health is be&s;t knowne by &s;ickne&s;&s;e, plenty by want, it is fit I &s;hew them what mirth is made of: and ouer what a troupe &s;he com|mands; that beholding her, and her band di&s;robed and anatomized, wearie and a&s;hamed of the &s;ight, they may by putting off their preiudicat ob&s;tinacies, be made fir&s;t hearers, and con&s;equently obeyors, of a worthier conductor.</P>
<P><NOTE PLACE="marg">What Mirth is.</NOTE>That mirth is a naturall quality of mans, I deny not, but withall, I think it one of tho&s;e that he hath little cau&s;e to boa&s;t of; it is true that he makes mirth and &s;adne&s;&s;e the ballance of his affections and pa&s;|&s;ions, and is wayed by them: thus hee accounts his winnings and lo&s;ings, and the &s;ame is expre&s;&s;ed in &s;adne&s;&s;e or mirth: but whether mo&s;t of the&s;e &s;up|po&s;ed winners, are not rather betrayed, then &s;uppor|ted; loo&s;ened, di&s;ordered, and corrupted; then &s;trengthned, grounded, &amp; in&s;tructed, I think there is no man that hath well ob&s;erued him&s;elfe, and his pa&s;&s;ages con&s;iderately, but will affirme. Who can doubt of this, that knowes the &s;lightnes of her compo&s;ition? children make her of babies, and hobby-hor&s;es: yong men of &s;ports, hawkes, hor&s;es,
<PB REF="4"> dogs, or wor&s;e: old men of riches, State&s;men of a|dorers, honour, and aduancement; Women of gay clothes, many louers, and flattering gla&s;&s;es: it is one God they adore, though wor&s;hipped in &s;euerall &s;hapes: and though the difference among&s;t them makes them de&s;pi&s;ers of one anothers choice; yet to the vnintere&s;&s;ed beholder, they play al at one game, though not all for one &s;umme. <HI>Et que veneraris et quae de&s;picis, vnus exae quabit cinis.</HI></P>
<P>Wee haue touched the ayme, and end: Let vs now &s;ee the pur&s;uers and adorers of mirth; and they that make her the godde&s;&s;e of their actions, a people either &s;o light and imperciptible, as nothing can come beyond their &s;en&s;es: or &s;o opinionatiue and ob&s;tinate, or rather &s;o drunke with plea&s;ure, as they will not knowe, what they may and mu&s;t: or a third &s;ort, that clap myrth between them and their con|&s;ciences, for feare of corra&s;iues, that keepe her vp like a ball, and run after her, to bee the further off from them&s;elues, who might know, though <HI>Vinum, cantus, &s;omnus, commot iunculas illas primas, non raro &s;anarunt irae doloris, amoris at nunquam aegritudinem, quae radices egit et fixit pedem,</HI> to caracterize the&s;e further then in generality, were needle&s;&s;e: for what &s;hall the picture need, where the originall is &s;o com|mon? with what other are brothell-hou&s;es, and Tauerns &s;tuffed? <HI>Voluptas, humile, &s;eruile, imbecillem, caducum; cuius Statio et formices et popinae &s;unt,</HI> what are the inhabitants of theaters, meetings, fea&s;ts, try|umphes, but &s;uch as either acknowledge no God &s;o willingly as Mirth and Plea&s;ure; or &s;uch as dare not come home into them&s;elues, for feare of their er|rors and mi&s;carriage?</P>
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<P>In the meane time, O poore rea&s;on, at how ba&s;e a price art thou &s;old? Or art thou but a name with|out an e&s;&s;ence? Or a broken Reed that the will of man dares not &s;tay it &s;elfe vpon, for feare of falling? Or els what a blue-eyed choy&s;e is theirs, that for the mo&s;t idle, momentary, and &s;icke effects of mirth, and plea&s;ure, impawne not onely their time, (which is vnredeemeable) but them&s;elues, which they thinke too well &s;old to repurcha&s;e.</P>
<P>But now it is fit I ha&s;ten to them, who &s;eeke not mirth, but are &s;ought of her: for &s;uch is the lu&s;t of Fortunes benefits, as while&s;t the body feeleth her &s;elfe able to purcha&s;e her de&s;ires, and to gorge her &s;en&s;es, &s;he abandons her&s;elfe to all &s;en&s;ualities, and reioyceth in her owne fulne&s;&s;e: to you then, vpon whom none but fayre winds haue euer blowne in this careire of your &s;uppo&s;ed happine&s;&s;e: can you &s;ee for all your high and ouertopping places, your end and re&s;ting place? Or are you not rather the arrowes of the Omnipotent arme, that are yet flying, not at yours, but at his marke: and are no more owners of your owne purpo&s;ed ends, then you were guilty of your owne beginnings? In the meane time effeminated with your pro&s;perity, and as it were &s;till &s;ucking vpon the bre&s;t of Fortune, if &s;he turnes her backe and retires, how mi&s;erable doth &s;hee leaue you? Still bleating after the teat, and like tho&s;e nice creatures, that become tame with taking their bread from others hands, vnable to ad|mini&s;ter to your &s;elues the lea&s;t helpe or comfort.</P>
<P>Wee doe &s;ee that Nature and all her producti|ons &s;upport them and her &s;elfe by ince&s;&s;ant chan|ges, and reuolutions; generation and corruption
<PB REF="5"> being to the earth like riuers to the &s;ea, in a re&s;tle&s;&s;e current, and perpetuall progre&s;&s;e: doe wee &s;ee the flouri&s;hing and falling, not only of Kings and Prin|ces; but of Kingdomes and Commonwealths, Cit|ties, Trophies, and what&s;oeuer the vaine imagina|tion of man hath contriued for the ouercomming of time? and can we vpon &s;ome &s;mall remnant of Fortunes bounty, thinke to e&s;tabli&s;h a perpetuity of mirth and plea&s;ure? No, no, he that takes not this time to prouide for a world, and in the mid&s;t of his plea&s;ures doth not thinke how fraile and tran&s;itory they are, will pay dearely for his iollity; when &s;ur|pri&s;ed by death, or &s;ome di&s;a&s;ter, they leaue him in an in&s;tant, &s;o much more mi&s;erable then others; as he hath depended vpon &s;uch vncertainties: without which, his life is mo&s;t loth&s;ome vnto him, and with which, death mo&s;t fearefull and abhorred.</P>
<P>But to what end is all this tendred to the adorers and louers of mirth? Their heads and hearts are all ready filled with their own delights: which mu&s;t be con&s;umed by affliction, before the precious balm of Sadne&s;&s;e can either enter or worke. <HI>Fabius</HI> &s;aid, he feared more <HI>Minutius</HI> victories the~ ouerthrows: which may be rightly applied to the generall di&s;po|&s;ition of man, his &s;ucce&s;&s;es infecting him with an ignorant confidence, intoxicating his rea&s;on with pre&s;umption and o&s;tentation, which are &s;uch dayly effects of worldly pro&s;perities, as they that thinke them&s;elues Lords, are often the vnworthie&s;t &s;ort of &s;laues: and their opinionatiue happine&s;&s;e, the mo&s;t wretched mi&s;ery: not vnlike the madde <HI>Athenian,</HI> that imagined him&s;elf po&s;&s;e&s;&s;ed of al, whe~ indeed he was true honor but of his own di&s;temper &amp; lunacy.</P>
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<P>To young men there belongs more pitty, a&s;well becau&s;e nature hath her hand in this their thir&s;t of plea&s;ure: they beeing yet by the heate of bloud, and the quickne&s;&s;e of their &s;pirits, and the &s;trength of their &s;en&s;es, iolly and game&s;ome: as al&s;o that it mu&s;t be time, and the wounds and skars, gotten by their wretched carele&s;ne&s;&s;e, that mu&s;t make them capable of aduice: &s;ince (as <HI>Plutarch</HI> &s;ayth) their hea|dy pa&s;&s;ions and plea&s;ures &s;et ouer them, more cruell and tyrannous Gouernours, then tho&s;e that had the charge of their minorities: now who is it that lea|deth this di&s;tracted dance, of youth, but mirth? for who&s;e &s;ake and plea&s;ures they are in&s;eparable com|panions: what is irregular, indi&s;creet, vnlawfull, di&s;hone&s;t; nay, what lawes, either of mans natures, or Gods, are in the&s;e apprehen&s;ions, &s;trong enough to containe them within their bounds? <HI>Galba</HI> in his adoption of <HI>Pi&s;o,</HI> among&s;t his other pray&s;es &s;ayth; you who&s;e youth hath needed no excu&s;e: a commen|dation &s;o rare and glorious, as there needed no more to illu&s;trate his name and fame to all po&s;terity; for who els, vnle&s;&s;e fettered and chained with nature or fortune, but in their fir&s;t wearing the fre&s;h gar|ment of youth, haue not &s;oyled and &s;potted it; as their whole life after (though painefully and indu|&s;triou&s;ly directed) hath not bin able to wipe out their faults, and refre&s;h the glo&s;e of their reputation? hence it is, that <HI>Delicta inuentutis meae &amp; ignorantias meas ne memineris Domine,</HI> is taught by all, and v&s;ed by all; &s;o ineuitable a di&s;ea&s;e is youth: of which we need no witne&s;&s;e, &s;ince euery mans con&s;cience doth iu&s;tifie it; the generality and antiquity, hauing made it veniall: and by con&s;ent, we bind none from the&s;e
<PB REF="6"> &s;lips and &s;tumbles, but old men and and women: the re&s;t pa&s;&s;e the mu&s;ters &s;o farre from checking, as they produce many of their follies as the markes of &s;pirit, and genero&s;ity: and by their will would make of an old vice, a young vertue: who can hope now to deliuer this flouri&s;hing &s;ea&s;on of youth, from the&s;e Caterpillers? &s;ince mirth and plea&s;ure allures; opini|on animates; and community hides them from the &s;ight of them&s;elues and actions: this it is that makes nothing more currannt, then to pay one ano|ther with our faults, and no man tru&s;ts &s;o much to his owne vertue, as to his neighbours or Compani|ons vices; wee repo&s;e our &s;elues in the defect of o|thers, and no man &s;triues further, then to be compa|ratiuely good: we aduance our &s;elues vpon ruins, and thinke our &s;elues well, becau&s;e another is wor&s;e: O lame &s;hift! O drunken remedie! I will then &s;ay but this, to tho&s;e young men that will heare me, Since you know not the way to true happine&s;&s;e and con|tentment; ask not of them that are yet in the race; but of them that haue pa&s;&s;ed it: propo&s;e vnto your &s;elues &s;ome patterne to imitate, <HI>(ni&s;i ad regulam prauam non corrigas)</HI> and to &s;trengthen your iudgements, be|hold tho&s;e that haue already acted their parts: take one of the&s;e admirers of mirth and plea&s;ure; and an other that hath euer made his rea&s;on the ta&s;ter of all his actions: and compare the&s;e together, and then chu&s;e which of them you would be: there cannot thus farre off bee &s;o corrupted a iudgement, as not to know the be&s;t; the difference is then a little time, <HI>&amp; hoc quod &s;enectus vocatur, pauci &s;unt circuitus amoru~:</HI> Behold then the match, for a few yeeres to boote, this vicious hatefull per&s;on is taken, that deuoured
<PB REF="7"> his owne honour and reputation: and with his plea|&s;ure &s;wallowed euen his very &s;oule, and that liues now but in his infamy: rather then that well ordered &s;pirit, that hath left a true and perfect circle of a di&s;|creet gouern'd life and death, and left the world heire of many rich and worthy examples: who in this con&s;ideration, but mu&s;t crie out with the P&s;al|mi&s;t, <HI>O what is man, that thou art &s;o mindfull of him, &amp;c?</HI> or why hauing taken our iudgements thus hal|ting, &s;hould wee reply vpon it? carrying vs through the world; that in our entrance hath thus &s;tumbled and fallen: he hath then the fir&s;t &s;igne of recouerie, that in this his beginning mi&s;tru&s;ts his owne wayes; and dares offer his wounds to the Surgeon: it is an incurable ignorance, that dares not put it &s;elfe to mending. <HI>Plato</HI> would haue offenders repaire to the Iudge and Magi&s;trate, as to the Phy&s;icions of the &s;oule, and &s;ubmit them&s;elues to puni&s;hment, as to the medicine of recouery, but this was too high an imagination for practi&s;e; yet thus farre we may goe, and vpon the ground; and not in the ayre: hauing, vpon a due examination, found it fit to mi&s;tru&s;t our &s;elues, it followes euen in common rea&s;on, not to throw our &s;elues ra&s;hly into any action: but to a&s;&s;i&s;t our weakne&s;&s;e with gaining con&s;ideration time: this di&s;arms our pa&s;&s;ions of their violence, for their moti|on being out of heat, and neuer going but running, being once &s;tayed, and ouertaken by rea&s;on, they af|ter willingly &s;ubmit them&s;elues vnto her&punc; and are ea&s;ily managed: It is an axiome in Philo&s;ophy, that our fir&s;t motions are not in our owne power: which is true no longer then we li&s;t: for he that will not im|barke him&s;elfe, without a pau&s;e and deliberation,
<PB REF="7"> di&s;&s;olues the Acrimony of his affections; and makes them of the cruelle&s;t Tyrants the mo&s;t profitable &s;er|uants. It is true, our ignorance and &s;loth make eue|ry thing terrible vnto vs: and we wil not becau&s;e we dare not, and dare not becau&s;e we will not: this makes vs &s;ubmit our &s;elues to any thing that doth ei|ther flatter or threaten vs: and like &s;ome &s;otti&s;h weak|lings, that giue the reines of their gouernment, into the hands of their wiues or &s;eruants; thinking then they buy their peace, when they &s;ell it: thus do they grow vpon vs, and by compo&s;ition, not force, be|come ma&s;ters of the place; being iu&s;t &s;o &s;trong as we are weake. The &s;couts of <HI>Antigonus</HI> relating vn|to him the multitude of his enemies, and adui&s;ing by way of information the danger of a conflict, that &s;hould be vndertaken with &s;o great an vnequality: he replied, And at how many do you valew me? In this ciuill wars of our &s;elues the fir&s;t di&s;order and con&s;e|quently our ouerthrow proceeds fro~ a fal&s;e valuation of our owne &s;trength: we are content to imbrace our owne true naturall worth, &s;o wee may haue leaue to yeeld our &s;elues to &s;ome furious pa&s;&s;ion or &s;oothing affection: but would we now take a true knowledge of our owne valew, we might ea&s;ily redeeme our &s;elues: God and nature haue not dealt &s;o tyrannical|ly with man, as to giue him charge of that he cannot hold: if we lo&s;e the game it mu&s;t be by play: where|fore &s;ince we are likely to bee be&s;ieged by the world, and her allurements; le&s;t famine or trea&s;on &s;ur|pri&s;e, let vs turne out of the walls, all vnprofitable plea&s;ures; and knowe betimes that mirth becom|meth neither the fortune, nor condition of man: &s;o is hee enuironed with dangers, and &s;o &s;ubiect
<PB REF="8"> to intrappings, <HI>omnis vita &s;upplicium e&s;t,</HI> there is no day, houre, or moment, that brings a certaine ce&s;&s;a|tion of armes: but to the contrary, our life is a conti|nuall war-fare, repre&s;enting vnto vs ince&s;&s;ant dan|gers and perils: wherefore wee mu&s;t alwayes &s;tand vpon our guard, and keep a &s;traight watch vpon our &s;elues; not only examining the humors that goe in and out, their arrants, and pretences: but euen euery motion and thought; for of &s;o many different pieces is the little world of man compounded: &s;o &s;tirring, &s;o infatigable, &s;o full of changes and counter-changes, &s;o &s;odainely eleuated, as &s;oone deiected: and in a word, &s;uch a compo&s;ition of contrarieties; as he that doth not continually ob&s;erue him&s;elfe, and &s;teddily fixe his eyes vpon all his actions; &s;hall &s;odainely grow a &s;tranger to him&s;elfe, and be vtterly ignorant of his owne proceedings: if this then be a time for mirth, we may ea&s;ily imagine; who doth not alone call all the parts and faculties of man from their du|ties and charge, to fea&s;t and glut them&s;elues with &s;en&s;ualities; but returneth them &s;o corrupt and de|baunched, as like <HI>Hannibals</HI> army, after their winte|ring in <HI>Campania,</HI> they cannot bee knowne for the &s;ame men; &s;o haue they melted their courages with delicacie, and with ryot made them&s;elues impatient, and almo&s;t incapable of di&s;cipline. To conclude, &s;uch is the weakne&s;&s;e of man, and &s;o &s;trong are his bodily inclinations, as if he doth not diuert or breake the force of his affections, rea&s;on alone is not able to re&s;i&s;t them: wherefore as <HI>Plato</HI> allowed old men, mirth and wine, to reuiue nature almo&s;t tyred in her long iourney, and to refre&s;h their &s;pirits benum|med with the coldne&s;&s;e of their dwelling: by the &s;ame
<PB REF="8"> rea&s;on, it is forbidden youth, who&s;e bloud being now at the hotte&s;t, by the lea&s;t addition, or increa&s;e, falls into the di&s;ea&s;es of exce&s;&s;e, the mo&s;t violent and vnre&s;i&s;table extremes: wee &s;ee then it is pre&s;cri|bed but for a medicine, and by the difference of the con&s;titutions of young men and old, it can bee no more whol&s;ome for the one, then dangerous for the other: how&s;oeuer &s;ince it is pre&s;cribed medicinably, the too frequent v&s;e, mu&s;t either de&s;troy the operati|on, or leaue onely the malignant quality aliue and vncorrected, vnto tho&s;e whom the out-&s;ide of For|tune dazels and allures, there is nothing to be &s;ayd by way of aduice; being &s;uch, as neither nature, nor education hath fauoured, but are left to act the ba&s;e and illiberal parts vpon this &s;tage of the world: this is the multitude, the vulgar, the people that are bought and &s;old, and reckoned by the hundred and the thou&s;and, and beare no price &s;ingle and alone; a madne&s;&s;e it were then, to thinke to moue and con|uert them together, when our Sauiour that fedde 5000. of them, and as many heard him, could nei|ther with the admirablene&s;&s;e of his miracles, nor the excellency of his doctrine preuaile with them all, and returne them all beleeuers: this were &s;ufficient to deterre mee euen from but touching vpon this quick-&s;and, were they not the harbour of opinion, where &s;hee is &s;till re&s;cued from the louers of truth: neither is it impo&s;&s;ible that &s;ome, yet of her and their party, vpon a truer information may for&s;ake and bee a&s;hamed of their &s;tation, or to be a piece of the body of this great Bea&s;t.</P>
<P>There is nothing can enter into con&s;ideration more &s;trange and improbable, then to &s;ee euen the
<PB REF="9"> mo&s;t actiue and vnder&s;tanding &s;pirits, to refer them|&s;elues and their proceedings to the multitude, to e&s;teeme them&s;elues at their price, exceeds their me|mories and powers of &s;atisfaction. The young man that thought to e&s;cape the being &s;eene in a Tauerne, with retiring further into it, was iu&s;tly reprehended for going further in: but &s;uch is the nature of vice, it hath an alluring looke, and a detayning tayle, our de|&s;ires fir&s;t allure vs to things vnlawfull, and when we are there, our feare bars vs in; but if euery man knew how much more right he might haue from his owne tribunall, if he will freely and &s;incerely giue his rea&s;on her owne power, and how iu&s;tly an vnabu|&s;ed con&s;cience will proceed, and how &s;weetly and &s;ecurely he &s;leeps, that hath receiued from them his <HI>quietus e&s;t,</HI> he would for euer di&s;claime the cen&s;ure of opinion; and with <HI>Phocion</HI> mi&s;tru&s;t him&s;elfe, becau&s;e the people pray&s;ed him: <HI>erubuit qua&s;i pecca&s;&s;et quod placuerit:</HI> and as the Prince of morality adui&s;eth, <HI>Non re&s;puit quid homines turpe iudicent aut mi&s;erum,</HI> not it, <HI>qua populus; &s;ed vt &s;cidera contrarium mundo i|ter intendunt, ita hic aduer&s;us opinionem omnium radit:</HI> but thus far had I gone out of the way, had I not pur|&s;ued opinion.</P>
<P>To come now neere our purpo&s;e, in examinati|ons, circum&s;tances are not neglected, if they any way conduce to the end of our inquiry: thus Iudges and Magi&s;trates make their v&s;es &amp; aduantages of names, and countenances, though it be impo&s;&s;ible to make either &s;o much as acce&s;&s;ary: fir&s;t then we finde, that <HI>Sadne&s;&s;e</HI> hath euer beene receiued as a witne&s;&s;e of truth; as <HI>In Sadne&s;se</HI> among&s;t hone&s;t men, is taken for an infallible a&s;&s;eueration: whereas mirth hath &s;o
<PB REF="9"> little credit, as when ra&s;hne&s;&s;e or fal&s;ene&s;&s;e hath made an e&s;cape, by the tongue, the refuge is to lay it to mirths charge: who as a licen&s;ed Buffone, hath often leaue to pa&s;&s;e the bounds of mode&s;ty &amp; truth: againe, mirth is &s;o like drunkenne&s;&s;e, that they are at this day, but as two names of one thing, and mer|ry, meanes drunke, and drunke merry: whereas &s;o|ber expre&s;&s;eth a di&s;creet temper, to ray&s;e and deiect them&s;elues at the plea&s;ure of their breathes, to take warrant from their countenances: and in a word, to liue and dye at their appointments: when &s;ingle, they &s;corne and de&s;pi&s;e them, and thinke euen their be&s;t thoughts &s;carce worthy of their foot-boy, yet the patterne and piece differeth not; and any one as farre as &s;ufficiency expre&s;&s;eth the whole, as Phy&s;i|cions &s;ay of the di&s;ea&s;es of the body that are, and the &s;ame may come from different cau&s;es: &s;o this of the mind, which proceedeth either from the laying their ambitious hopes vpon popularity, or &s;uch as guilty of their owne intentions, dare not put them|&s;elues vpon the tryall of their con&s;ciences.</P>
<P>A third &s;ort there are, that feede, and cloath, and talke, and walke, and haue deliuered them&s;elues and their behauiour to bee brought vp by <HI>Opinion;</HI> the&s;e &s;ince they cannot be &s;eparated from the multi|tude, neither can be, nor are worth the &s;ingling: for tho&s;e that Ambition hath per&s;waded to this popular folly, they are worthy to bee deceiued: and were it not, that in all inordinate de&s;ires rea&s;on is fir&s;t van|qui&s;hed, they could not but know; this bea&s;t is tame but in fayre weather; they loue that part of you which they vnder&s;tand, which is your fortune, loue and friend&s;hippe begins in the &s;oule, and ends in the
<PB REF="10"> body: and theirs begin in the body and ends in the fortune: the two lignaments that tie the men to a iu&s;t|ne&s;&s;e and <HI>decorum</HI> in all their actions, are wit and hone&s;ty; which they being defectiue in, can no more loue truely; then hee can &s;peake that is borne dumbe. Wherefore further then commi&s;eration, and the common duties of humanity, it is a madne&s;&s;e to be popular: for as they &s;ay, the chiefe &s;trength of the Lyon lieth in his tayle, &s;o theirs in their mouthes; which as it deuoures all you giue, &s;o they goe no fur|ther to pay for all they take. It is true, <HI>Vbicunque homo e&s;t, ibi beneficio locus ect:</HI> thus farre charity commands, and further is ridiculous, or dangerous, or both: in Princes vnto whom they belong as a charge, and who hath power to make them feare, if they will not loue, popularity is no vice, but a part of v&s;e, and as dangerous for them to neglect, as for a priuate man and a &s;ubiect to follow and affect.</P>
<P>We haue nothing more common and in practice among&s;t decayed beauties, banquerouted by time or accidents, then to hide it from others eyes with art, and from their owne with fal&s;e gla&s;&s;es: no other|wi&s;e is it with them, that from the reflection of <HI>opini|on</HI> behold the &s;tate and condition of their minds; &s;urely hee is afraid to heare truth, that dares not in|quire of him&s;elfe: it is again&s;t our wils, if we tran&s;port to forraine eyes, or eares, any wares that are not &s;ub|&s;tantiall, or at lea&s;t formall: they are in the darke, and vi&s;ible but to our &s;elues, that are fit for reformation: and as we know be&s;t their begettings and births, &s;o are they the naturall &s;ubiects for our owne con|&s;ciences to worke vpon: it is long &s;ince receiued, that in one, and the &s;elfe &s;ame man, there may be a good
<PB REF="10"> man, and an ill Citizen; men and lawes take know|ledge of vice, no farther then their owne intere&s;t: di&s;ea&s;es that threaten but one, are oppo&s;ed but by one, they are contagious and infectious, that are re|&s;i&s;ted by generality. They then that goe to <HI>opinion,</HI> to knowe the temper and di&s;po&s;ition of their minds, go to the market, rather to &s;ell then to buy: and loue better to paint the walles and out&s;ides of them&s;elues, then to rectifie and repaire their inward errors and defects: but farre wor&s;e it is with them that dare not come to tryall, where their facts and actions are knowne, which is at home: is not this like children, which &s;hunning the reprehen&s;ion and cha&s;ti&s;ements of one fault, multiply it to many? Or like the carele&s;&s;e debtor, that &s;uffers the intere&s;t to outgrow the principall? How truely doth this proue the cowardi&s;e of vice, or rather the &s;otti&s;hne&s;&s;e, &s;ince he con&s;iders not, that as fa&s;t as hee runs from feare, the &s;ame ha&s;te he makes to de&s;peration, where they ineuitably end, that neuer reckon with them&s;elues, till the &s;umme vnimpeached by drinke or any other exce&s;&s;e?</P>
<P>For the continuance, what men carry more mi&s;|tru&s;t before them, then tho&s;e, that haue worne out the &s;obrietie of an hone&s;t looke, with a continuall girning or laughing? a marke of natures, &s;o &s;eldome failing, as it is in euery ob&s;eruatio~ held, for an irreco|uerable defect either of wit or hone&s;tie: of &s;uch &s;tuffe are commonly flatterers, time-plea&s;ers, &amp; faungui&s;ts made: people &s;o obnoxious to vertue and worth, as were it not that they breed &amp; liue only vpon the lu&s;t of Fortune, it were impo&s;&s;ible to keepe them from a generall extirpation. For it is they that haue berea|ued
<PB REF="11"> greatne&s;&s;e and riches of innocency, and made it of a dead and indifferent in&s;trument in the power of the di&s;po&s;er, to haue hatched more mon&s;ters then all the broode of vices be&s;ides: and in a word haue been the vi&s;able&s;t and chiefe&s;t procurers of the hea|uy &s;entence of our Sauiour again&s;t rich men; that it is ea&s;ier for a Camell to pa&s;&s;e through a needles eye, then for a rich man to enter into the kingdome of heauen.</P>
<P>In the contemplating <HI>Sadne&s;&s;e,</HI> and mirth, mee thinks, I &s;ee the true formes of the two Ladies that offered them&s;elues to <HI>Hercules,</HI> at his entrance into the way of the world, Vertue, and Plea&s;ure, the fir&s;t with a &s;ettled compo&s;ed countenance (not vnlike the South &s;ea) full of peace, certainty, and truth: no o|uerruling pa&s;&s;ion di&s;ordering or rai&s;ing the lea&s;t bil|low, or moouing the &s;malle&s;t breath of perturbation: the other like a &s;hop that &s;ets out the be&s;t wares to the view, and offers many plea&s;ing mor&s;els to the &s;en&s;es, and at the fir&s;t &s;eemes to re&s;emble bounty it &s;elfe in freene&s;&s;e and &s;weetne&s;&s;e; but alas, &s;he is too &s;oone wonne to be con&s;tant, &s;hee brings not in your reckoning, til you haue con&s;umed what &s;he &s;et before you, and then you &s;hal know they are too deare, when it is too late to refu&s;e them: her &s;miles and allure|ments, are like the &s;un-&s;hine daies of winter, &s;torm-breeders: her cleerene&s;&s;e, warmth, and calmene&s;&s;e, produce euer cloudes and tempe&s;ts; repentance, griefes and anxieties of the &s;oule; and as Phi&s;icians hold, a continuall requiring &s;tomake an infallible <HI>Symptomie</HI> of a corrupt and di&s;ea&s;ed body: &s;o may be &s;aid of the louers of Mirth, that pa&s;&s;e from one plea|&s;ure to another, and dare not let their braines &s;ettle,
<PB REF="11"> le&s;t they &s;hould &s;ee their owne deformities, their corrupted manners and the lepro&s;ie of their minds.</P>
<P>Hitherto <HI>Sadne&s;&s;e</HI> hath gotten but a preemi|nence, and hath but prooued her &s;elfe better then a wor&s;e; not approoued her owne goodne&s;&s;e: it is now time, to di&s;play her in her owne excellency, not &s;uch a one as reuerts all things vpon it &s;elfe, and re|gards no quality that returnes not laden with profit; but &s;uch a communatiue goodne&s;&s;e, as growes not poore by imparting; but redoubles it owne &s;trength, riches, and &s;plendor, with lending, a&s;&s;i&s;ting and diui|ding it influence on others: but before I offer her, and her qualities to the view, it is nece&s;&s;ary I deci|pher her: <HI>Philopamen,</HI> for want of an interpretor, was &s;et to cleaue wood by his ho&s;te&s;&s;e, for his owne entertainment: the eye is a nice, bu&s;ie &amp; vndertaking &s;ence, if rea&s;on or iudgement prepare not her way.</P>
<P>I meane not then, vnder the name of <HI>Sadne&s;&s;e,</HI> to defend effeminate bewailings and lamentations; let them a gods-name, that &s;ubiect them&s;elues to this weake&s;t impatience, be al&s;o &s;ubiect to the <HI>Lycian</HI> law; that bound the&s;e kind of lamentors to be arraied like women; nor am I an approuer, of a ridgid, &s;owre, moro&s;e au&s;terity, &s;ince it is &s;eldom other then the vi|&s;ard of enuy, or vain-glory: &s;uch were <HI>Nero</HI> his Philo|&s;ophers, <HI>nec deerant qui voce vultu&abque; tri&s;ti inter ob|lectamenta Regia &s;pectari cuperent:</HI> neyther is it a &s;mall motiue to their condemnation, that the no|uice and inquirer after vertue is deterred, to &s;ee her di&s;ciples &s;o ouer-clowded and drowned in heauines: rather like the followers of a Funerall, then her mi|nions and beloued, who&s;e power and bounty doth not alone extend it &s;elfe vnto all de&s;eruers, but
<PB REF="12"> makes all liues, fortunes, and accidents, not alone tolerable and to bee indured; but &s;weet, whol&s;ome, ea&s;ie and oft times glorious, and exemplare: neither will I pray&s;e a &s;orrow, that as <HI>Pythagoras</HI> &s;ayth, eates his owne heart; that abandons the rudder in a &s;torm, and dares not liue for feare of dying.</P>
<P>Wi&s;e men know, it is the condition of humanity to be to&s;&s;ed with contrary winds, and tho&s;e are the &s;ea&s;ons of di&s;tinction between wi&s;e men and fooles: euery man lookes gayly in a holiday fortune, but to be ba&s;ely &s;et by, and to &s;hine through an ob&s;cure for|tune, illu&s;trates the riches and pretiou&s;ne&s;&s;e of the mind: man hath not the throwing of the dice, but the playing of the ca&s;t: he is Lord ouer his intenti|ons, the other part reacheth vp to heauen: where &s;ucce&s;&s;es and effects are deliuered backe, not accor|ding to the appetite of man, but the in&s;crutable wi&s;|dome of God, and vpon that wee ought to re&s;t our &s;elues, not onely with patience, but with comfort; that the onely fountaine of knowledge hath taken it into his owne hands, of who&s;e better di&s;po&s;ing, it were the greate&s;t impiety and infidelity to make the lea&s;t doubt or que&s;tion: but it is &s;adne&s;&s;e that pre|pares vs for the acting of this and the re&s;t of our life truely; and as we ought: who mu&s;t not be vnder|&s;tood to be of the di&s;cent of <HI>Niobe,</HI> &s;till labouring in teares and exclamations: nor a vaine-glorious or enuious Philo&s;opher, that bigge with his owne pro|fe&s;&s;ion, labours to proclaime it in his lookes: nor a &s;ilent fretting &s;orrow, that will needs marry his affli|ctions:<NOTE PLACE="marg">A true de&s;crip|tion of <HI>Sad|ne&s;&s;e.</HI></NOTE> but <HI>Sadne&s;&s;e</HI> who&s;e portrature I would pre|&s;ent from the generall &s;tate and nature of man, hath drawne her &s;elfe into an habite or po&s;ture; in &s;ome
<PB REF="12"> places fit to re&s;i&s;t the incur&s;ions of her enemies: in others to diuert them, and &s;ometimes like a wi&s;e Conquerour; making them of the cruelle&s;t foes, a&s;|&s;ured friends or louing &s;ubiects: her out&s;ide is &s;ober, calme, con&s;tant, mode&s;t, and for the mo&s;t part &s;ilent; her in&s;ide full of peace, indu&s;try and re&s;olution.</P>
<P>To reduce the&s;e into a &s;horter and &s;ounder way, what knowledge, art, or &s;cience is there, more nece&s;|&s;ary and important, then that which is wholly deuo|ted to the ordering of our life? this doth <HI>Sadne&s;&s;e</HI> mo&s;t aptly and effectually: fir&s;t in&s;tructing, then ad|orning, and la&s;tly, gouerning the life of man, with &s;o much tranquillity, certainty, and happine&s;&s;e, as if we will tru&s;t either rea&s;on or example, we &s;hall find no liues to carry &s;o continual a contentment as the&s;e: nor none &s;o often, and &s;o continually mi&s;carry as the contrary.</P>
<P>Since then in the&s;e are comprehended the whole cour&s;e of mans life, we will draw the picture of <HI>Sad|ne&s;&s;e</HI> within this compa&s;&s;e: &s;o &s;hall I not pray&s;e her more then profit my Reader: or if I faile, an vnskil|full Painter may &s;poyle a picture, but not a face; which a worthier vndertaking, may purcha&s;e glory, by the &s;poyles of my imperfections: &s;ince it is not then with man, as with other creatures, that are in|dowed with the greate&s;t part of their vnder&s;tanding, at the very entrance into the World, which being bounded and limited within a &s;elfe pre&s;eruation, ex|tends no further then to a pre&s;ent con&s;ideration of them and theirs: as it is a naturall propertie infu&s;ed rather into their being, then into them; &amp; rather to the profit of nature, and her con&s;eruation, then for their particular benefit: as at the fir&s;t it is &s;traight, and
<PB REF="13"> narrow, &s;o time ripens it not, nor dilates it: farre o|therwi&s;e it is with man, who&s;e rea&s;on growes with him, and who&s;e iudgement (as not compatible with his youth) is deliuered vnto him when he comes to age: at lea&s;t his minority is but the &s;eed-time: in his Autumne comes his harue&s;t, that is the time of his in&s;truction; this of v&s;e.</P>
<P><NOTE PLACE="marg">Women enemies to true <HI>Sad|ne&s;&s;e.</HI></NOTE>Now, whether it be from the pride of man, that loues not to looke &s;o low as his infancy, or the con|tempt he hath to impart his time to a poore lumpe of fle&s;h, or that &s;ince Nature hath forced him vpon women, he thinks to turne the imperfections of time vpon the imperfections of Nature, and that they are fitte&s;t to breed &amp; hatch their puling wayward weak|ne&s;&s;es: whether from one, or from all, or from &s;ome more hidden cau&s;e: certaine it is, that to the mo&s;t men in particular, &amp; to the common-wealth in gene|rall, there ari&s;eth great lo&s;&s;e, by &s;acrificing the&s;e their fir&s;t yeeres, vnto their tuitions: from hence it comes, that when Poets would &s;et vp a marke for imitation, they dur&s;t neuer tru&s;t a woman, &s;o much as with their nur&s;ing; but borrowed of their imagination, either a Godde&s;&s;e or a Nymph, or rather then faile, a meaner creature. Some Philo&s;ophers would allow them, no more intere&s;t in our conception, then to receiue che|ri&s;h, fo&s;ter, and re-deliuer vs: but alas, the large por|tion of the imperfections that we inherit from them, a&s;&s;ures vs the contrary: but &s;ince it is &s;o much; as time, rea&s;on, in&s;truction, and what&s;oeuer the wit of man can apply, can neuer vtterly expell; hardly cor|rect, or temper: what a &s;tupid carele&s;ne&s;&s;e, raignes ouer the world, to increa&s;e our defects, by inlarging their time of gouernment.</P>
<PB REF="13">
<P>But neither to offend them, nor &s;tay further from my &s;ubiect; their di&s;po&s;itions will not take the rich colour of <HI>Sadne&s;se,</HI> which euer yeeldes that tranquil|lity &amp; &s;ettledne&s;&s;e of mind, that can propo&s;e the end, and pro&s;ecute the way, without diuer&s;ion, or error: at lea&s;t, without tho&s;e that di&s;ioyne our intentions; and ouerthrow our purpo&s;es: wheras (the very &s;prings of pa&s;&s;ions &amp; affections) take &amp; change their forms, at the plea&s;ure of euery repre&s;entation, not vpon a deliberated iudgement; but according to the con|&s;ultation and conclu&s;ions of their &s;ences.</P>
<P>Thus when we may &s;ee the power of <HI>Sadne&s;se,</HI> for in&s;truction; &s;ince they that want it, are not to be tru|&s;ted with education, yet not to leaue enemies behind vs, though I wi&s;h we might ob&s;erue their order, that &s;et wild birds egges, vnder tho&s;e that are dome&s;ticke and tame, to alter their wild condition into their fo|&s;ter-mothers more milde and familiar: and &s;o could wi&s;h our dry nur&s;es were men, &amp; &s;uch as could teach them words made of rea&s;on, as well as winde; and though there be many &s;euere, (if not malicious) cen|&s;ures giuen vs, by our forefathers, again&s;t them in all ages, and by all countries, and by all profe&s;&s;ions; of which infinit co~currence of cen&s;ures, I will giue but one in&s;tance, <HI>nelle co&s;e di con&s;iglio in vna d<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="UOM" EXTENT="1 letter">nna, e ca|pace di poterlo dare ne meno di pigliarlo per &s;e e tanto p<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="UOM" EXTENT="1 letter">ggio da teneclo &s;ecreto mat;</HI> yet doubt I not, but they are owners of &s;uch perfections, as bounded, and kept in their owne circumference, are of much v&s;e and plea&s;ure: and they are to be honoured by vs, no le&s;&s;e then our mother earth, from whom wee no &s;ooner come, but wee &s;triue to returne againe: to con|clude, &s;ince we cannot be without them, it is great
<PB REF="14"> rea&s;on, they &s;hould be entertained with a due re&s;pect: which is rather &s;weetly, then &s;eriou&s;ly: let them haue their owne intere&s;t religiou&s;ly an&s;wered; and for more, &s;ince it but corrupts them, and &s;hackles vs; what&s;oeuer old men and mad men doe, or haue done; wi&s;e men for their &s;akes, will attend their charge, with more circum&s;pection.</P>
<P>If then we de&s;ire to frame a man that &s;hall de&s;erue his being, and to be ma&s;ter of him&s;elfe and time: let vs begin betimes, to &s;et &s;uch Gouernours ouer him, as may both by their examples, and in&s;tructi|ons, dayly reflect vpon him, and infu&s;e into him the grace, and mo&s;t in&s;tructiue influence of <HI>Sadne&s;&s;e,</HI> for by this meanes hee liues fortified again&s;t the grand corrupter of youth <HI>Plea&s;ure:</HI> and the violent enemy of Age, <HI>Griefe.</HI> Surely the beame that keeps the co|gitatio~s of man euen, is none other then <HI>Sadne&s;&s;e:</HI> for hee that thinkes to buy his peace with accumulating riches, or to be too &s;trong for fortune, with making him&s;elfe powerfull, doth but apply an outward me|dicine for an inward di&s;ea&s;e: which though it may &s;ometimes ea&s;e, &s;eldome cures: but <HI>Sadne&s;&s;e,</HI> that keepes vs at home, daily &s;hewes vs the brittle frail|ty of all exterior things (which makes vs like an Ar|my pe&s;tered with too much carriage, neither fit to fly nor fight) vnites our inward powers, defends our rea&s;on, from the vapours and mi&s;ts of our affections; and &s;tanding betweene the extremes of mirth and &s;orrow, is the onely perfit moderator of our hu|mane actions. Cato, though he had many learned &s;laues, would not commit the education of his &s;on to them, but him&s;elfe became his in&s;tructor: which I attribute to no other con&s;ideration, then that he ra|ther
<PB REF="14"> cho&s;e, to frame him to a wel compo&s;ed <HI>Sadne&s;se,</HI> then to be excellent in any Art or Profe&s;&s;ion: <HI>vt mode&s;tior, non vt lepidior fiat,</HI> a perfection fitter for a mechanicke earner, then a true owner of him&s;elfe: &s;ince it is the forming of the minde, not the tongue or hand, that can preferre vs to true felicity.</P>
<P>Now that we may touch as it were with our finger how much <HI>Sadne&s;&s;e</HI> conferres, towards a perfit in|&s;truction; what is more proper and peculiar to the forming and framing of the mind to wi&s;edome and goodne&s;&s;e, then fir&s;t to keepe out vice, and then &s;o to worke, prepare, and temper the mind, as it &s;hall be alwaies fit to receiue &amp; containe the whole&s;ome documents of vertue and hone&s;tie? Which doth <HI>Sadne&s;se,</HI> &s;o naturally and effectually, as all other things, that offer them&s;elues for this v&s;e, are in com|pari&s;on, left-handed, and &s;tepmothers to educati|on.</P>
<P>Fir&s;t then, as one &s;ayth pretily in his imagined wife, that he would haue her, of a denying behaui|our; as if a fort acce&s;&s;iuely &s;cituated, could not bee impregnable, &s;ince a&s;&s;aultable: and as he &s;aith there|fore, he comes too neere, that comes to bee denyed, and as <HI>Ouid,</HI> that great trader into tho&s;e parts, could neuer find armor of proofe for Cha&s;tity, but not to be prooued, <HI>ca&s;ta e&s;t quam nemo rogauit,</HI> &s;he's cha&s;te, whom no tongue yet did ta&s;te: &s;o doubtle&s;&s;e, he &s;hall pa&s;&s;e the narrow way of Vertue, with fewer impedi|ments, that his owner of this &s;ober preuentiue beha|uiour, then tho&s;e alluring countenances, which keep open hou&s;e for all commers: one Phylo&s;opher would haue bol&s;ters made, to &s;top the eares of yong men, from contagious noy&s;ome &s;ounds; but he that
<PB REF="15"> hath made <HI>Sadne&s;&s;e</HI> his Porter, &s;hall not need them, &s;ince his very pre&s;ence deters and checks their loo&s;e imaginations, and they dare not confe&s;&s;e them&s;elues to him, that hath their condemnation written in his face: <HI>hoc &s;ecum certe tuli&s;set, neminem coram Catonem peccare.</HI> Pedlers open their wares willinge&s;t to wo|men and children: in a word, as they &s;ay the Amati&s;t preuents drunkenne&s;&s;e, &s;o is <HI>Sadne&s;&s;e</HI> the pre&s;erua|tiue again&s;t the entrance of a number of vices.</P>
<P>Will wee then frame a man fit to command and obey? to gouerne others and direct him&s;elfe? a man &s;o &s;quared by the vnfaileable rules of wi&s;edome and iudgement, as to know how to become all pla|ces, and to v&s;e all fortunes? Bind his tender youth to a di&s;po&s;ition tempered with <HI>Sadne&s;&s;e:</HI> for this man can neither &s;educe his minority with ill examples, nor marre his waxen age, with a fal&s;e impre&s;&s;ion, too common a condition of the&s;e di&s;&s;olute times: where our children with their milke, and their very fir&s;t words, &s;ucke in ob&s;cene &s;peeches, and di&s;&s;olute be|hauiour: and imitation, and cu&s;tome, hath giuen them the very habite of vice, before they haue ei|ther loued, or cho&s;en them.</P>
<P>But this falls not out to the pupils that are gouer|ned by men of this carriage: for &s;ince it is re&s;olued, that this <HI>Sadne&s;&s;e</HI> is not an accident of their com|plexions, but a gard hammered out of their di&s;cour&s;e and the i&s;&s;ue of a happie matched di&s;cretion and ex|perience: they doe already &s;o well know, that all the allurements of vice offer them&s;elues, but like play|ers and iugglers, to &s;hew you &s;port, and to gaine by you: and this word recreation, is but the out&s;ide of times wa&s;tfull and wilfull con&s;umption: and that not
<PB REF="15"> onely the houres &s;o &s;pent, are vtterly lo&s;t; but which is farre wor&s;e, this continuall excitation of the be&s;ti|all part of man, prouokes his lu&s;tes and &s;en&s;ualities vnto an vnquenchable drop&s;ie.</P>
<P>Doubtle&s;&s;e, as complexions are apter to the in|fection of bodily di&s;ea&s;es, one then the other; &s;o behauiours to the contagion of the mind: mirth is made of plea&s;ure, and with plea&s;ure all vices are bai|ted; whereas this <HI>Sadne&s;&s;e</HI> is the complexion of a mind that knoweth this, and therefore hates and di&s;|daines Mirth: I know experience is the chiefe&s;t eui|dence, that age can produce to proue their right to wi&s;edome; but that which makes their iudgements &s;trong inough, to make their experience of more v&s;e, then a bare tale, is a decay of their &s;en&s;es, growne too weake to trade for them&s;elues, and the fitter to be &s;et to our rea&s;on to make vp a true harmony of all the parts, to the good and pre&s;eruation of the whole: the &s;ame effect hath <HI>Sadne&s;&s;e</HI> with young men, that this decay of nature hath with old; for when the con|&s;enting part, or will of man, is &s;o rectified with a &s;ad con&s;ideration of the true valew of all that the &s;en&s;es pre&s;ent vnto her; well may they long to plea&s;e them|&s;elues, with their &s;euerall obiects: but when that de|&s;ire hath no other aduocate but it &s;elfe; it &s;oone lan|gui&s;heth and for&s;aketh it &s;uite: <HI>E&s;chines</HI> aduice to an inquirer after the be&s;t cour&s;e of life, was, to goe to the Church willingly, to the Warres vpon nece&s;&s;ity, but to Fea&s;ts vpon no tearmes: what was this, but to prai&s;e the con&s;eruation of <HI>Sadne&s;&s;e,</HI> which in the&s;e a&s;&s;emblies, is for the mo&s;t part betraied: and in the heat of Wine, meat, and company, melted, into the cu&s;tomes of di&s;&s;olute mirth? which made the wi&s;e
<PB REF="16"> Romane complaine, that hee neuer came among&s;t men, but returned le&s;&s;e man, then when hee went out.</P>
<P>This made the Phylo&s;opher that fell a &s;leepe at a fea&s;t, hold his tongue with one hand, and with the other, the part <HI>that they &s;ay women loue be&s;t,</HI> but not to &s;peake of: as the two taps, at which Mirth and Plea&s;ure are drawne out.</P>
<P>But may I not &s;eeme to go too much of one hand, when propo&s;ing in&s;tructions, I incline rather to pre|uentions then additions: &s;urely if the nature of man were &s;o pure &amp; &s;imple, as it had no participation nor co~mixture with contrarieties &amp; repugnances, there were no way but one; and that one direct: but as he is fir&s;t in his ma&s;&s;e, or corporial &s;ub&s;tance, the i&s;&s;ue or production of the 4 grand Heterogimical bodies, and after by the &s;euerall and mo&s;t differing powers of his rea&s;on and will, as vnlike in their likene&s;&s;e and natures, as light and darkene&s;&s;e: there being as much to &s;hun, as to follow: I hope I &s;hall not erre in my way, if the &s;cituation of the end propo&s;ed, drawes me &s;ometimes about, &s;ince I vndertake to conduct, not the eye, but the vnder&s;tanding.</P>
<P>Neither will my Reader (I hope) hold him&s;elfe de|ceiued, if <HI>Sadne&s;&s;e</HI> alone, and by it &s;elfe, onely brings not in all the materialls nece&s;&s;ary to the compo&s;ing of a perfit man, and the framing a happine&s;&s;e to the full extent of our earthly condition: for &s;uch an ex|tract is not to be drawne, from a knowledge &s;o ouer-clowded as mine, let it &s;uffice then and it will: (my indifferent Iudge) that it is of &s;o much v&s;e and im|portance, as though with it onely you cannot make this purcha&s;e, yet without it, if it be not impo&s;&s;ible,
<PB REF="16"> yet at lea&s;t mo&s;t difficult, and withall, that though the &s;oule in her reuoluings and trauels, may meet tho&s;e &s;olid con&s;iderations, that are mo&s;t like her &s;elfe, wherein as in a gla&s;&s;e &s;he beholds her own beauties: yet are they tran&s;itory, and but the fla&s;hes of her a|gitation: the habituall po&s;&s;e&s;&s;ion of the graces of the mind, being to be fixed vpon no body, that <HI>Sadne&s;&s;e</HI> hath not fir&s;t prepared. This made &s;o many of the Ancients, and of tho&s;e mo&s;t memorable, for the ex|cellencies of the minde: &s;ome to throw away their wealth, others to refu&s;e riches, the graces of Princes, and the fauour of the people: others pull out their owne eyes, and &s;ome to abandon the &s;ociety of man; and euen he that might trulie&s;t be intituled, <HI>Deliciae humani generis,</HI> he that had the attribute,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Socrates.</NOTE> to fetch ver|tue from Heauen, and to place her in Cities; to bring her from the paradi&s;e of the gods, and tran&s;plant her in the bre&s;ts of men: no doubt embraced a wil|full pouerty; nay euen life it &s;elfe, which he was of|fered at the ea&s;ie&s;t rate, he would not yet accept of, as too delicate and nice a thing, for a worthy and he|roicke &s;pirit, to make account of. If now wee enter into the con&s;ideration of the motiue that made the&s;e men &s;hun what all the world &s;o earne&s;tly pur|&s;ue: what could it be but to keepe the&s;e wants afoot, continually to admoni&s;h them, of their condition, and to cut off all wayes, by which mirth or plea&s;ure might make their approches or come to the a&s;&s;ault.</P>
<P><HI>Alexander</HI> in the exce&s;&s;e of abundance, killed <HI>Cly|tus, Fabritius</HI> in his pouerty, refu&s;ed the golden bribes of the <HI>Samnites;</HI> vpon abundance waits mirth and plea&s;ure, and vpon them all, the lepro&s;ies and deformities of our minds.</P>
<PB REF="17">
<P>There is not &s;o incorrigible a creature as man in pro&s;perity, nor &s;o mode&s;t and reformed as they that Fortune hath not rockt but wak't, the con&s;equence of which being <HI>Mirth</HI> and <HI>Sadne&s;se:</HI> behold them in their operations, and wee mu&s;t reiect the one, as a mo&s;t dangerous poy&s;on, and imbrace the other, for the mo&s;t precious pre&s;eruatiue.</P>
<P>If yet I haue not proued <HI>Sadne&s;&s;e,</HI> in&s;truction it &s;elfe: yet I hope &s;he doth not look with &s;o di&s;figured a countenance, as when Opinion paints her: and though I cannot &s;ay, &s;he is the end of knowledge, yet I may well maintaine her the beginning: &s;ince it is <HI>Sadne&s;&s;e</HI> onely that prepares the vnder&s;tanding, and makes euery man, <HI>Idoneus</HI> auditor, fit to philo&s;o|phize, and to be di&s;ciples in the &s;choole of Vertue.</P>
<P>If now it be determined and truely, that the gra|ces and beauties of the &s;oule, ought to haue the place and honour, aboue tho&s;e of the body: and the &s;weet|nes, beauty and louely proportion of the body, to be preferred before the effeminate deckings, that the body doth rather carry then enioy: &s;ince it often hap|pens, that a foule and deformed carka&s;e hath a faire and rich wardrop: and if all the&s;e in their originall e&s;timations, were fir&s;t valued, not for their owne &s;akes, but as the Amba&s;&s;adours of tho&s;e inward qua|lities and excellencies, that &s;uch complections, &s;hapes, and proportions, in&s;eparably fore-&s;hew: <HI>Sadne&s;se,</HI> I doubt not, both for her outward loueli|ne&s;&s;e, and inward vertue and v&s;e, will be allowed for an adornement,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sadne&s;&s;e <HI>ador|neth.</HI></NOTE> that doth not alone plea&s;e the eye, but the more iudiciall and intellectuall parts.</P>
<P>Fir&s;t then, though I am not ignorant, the&s;e mer|ry companions are the mo&s;t acceptable to the mo&s;t:
<PB REF="17"> yet not alwayes to the be&s;t, and if they be at times welcome to the vnder&s;tanding &s;ort,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mirth not al|wayes accepta|ble to the be&s;t.</NOTE> they are receiued to their tables, not coun&s;ells: and v&s;ed rather for &s;auce for their meate, then &s;ea&s;oning for their iudgements: and are, as was &s;ayd of <HI>Athens,</HI> pla|ces that though many de&s;ired to bee entertayned in, yet few to inhabite: from whence commeth this, but that as they are adorers of mirth, they are ha|ters of all &s;adde and &s;erious con&s;iderations <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="UOM" EXTENT="1 word"> to keepe life in laughter, the whole &s;tream<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="UOM" EXTENT="2 letters"> <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="UOM" EXTENT="1 word"> their wits is &s;pent, vpon the motion of their tongues: In a word, they &s;acrifice their earne&s;t to <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="UOM" EXTENT="1 letter">e&s;t, their friends to their humour, and to pre&s;ent &s;atisfacti|ons, all the duties of humanity, hone&s;ty, and di&s;|cretion: and if &s;o; where &s;hall we lay hold of them, or to what v&s;e would they &s;erue, but to &s;uch a one, as all hone&s;t natures cannot but &s;corne and di&s;daine? vvhereas the &s;adde and &s;ober behauiour makes it one way to allowances, and if it gets not acquain|tances &s;o fa&s;t, it winnes friends fa&s;ter; and though perhaps it bee not alwayes &s;o readily entertained, yet it is euermore re&s;pected: and rea&s;on, &s;ince the one with his ince&s;&s;ant motion weares out it &s;elfe, loades the eare, and loathes the eye; whereas the other, in his re&s;eruedne&s;&s;e, maintaines his vnder&s;tan|ding, in his vnited vigor: and not troubling his braine with his tongue, falls not into the di&s;aduan|tages of many words: but &s;till holding more in his bre&s;t then vpon his &s;houlders, is &s;trong enough for any a&s;&s;ault, and prepared to make the be&s;t v&s;e of com|pany and conference. Surely, if behauiour be of &s;uch e&s;timation, as beauty without it is deformed; and deformity with it is louely, and agreeable to al eyes:
<PB REF="18"> if behauiour be the &s;oule of the forme, <HI>Sadne&s;&s;e</HI> is the &s;oule of the &s;oule: for &s;uch a compo&s;ed &s;ettled &s;moothne&s;&s;e, as di&s;ta&s;tes not to day; plea&s;eth to morrow, and gets by continuance: no fa&s;hion wins &s;o vniuer&s;ally and continually, as that which hath re|ceiued the true tincture of <HI>Sadne&s;&s;e,</HI> for it &s;uppre&s;&s;eth the incon&s;tancy, and bu&s;ie turbulency of the pa&s;&s;i|ons and affections: it receiues nothing vpon tru&s;t, or at the fir&s;t &s;ight; and therefore is alwaies one: neither being troubled with the flouds and ebbes of for|tune: the vanity of the world, the ill imployed pow|er of greatne&s;&s;e, nor the fluctuary motions of the humerous multitude; or at lea&s;t, if he be &s;en&s;ible of their irregularities and confu&s;ions, yet his thoughts are not written in his face: his countenance is not &s;ignificant: whereas the face and di&s;po&s;ition of mirth euer re&s;embles his la&s;t thoughts; and vpon euery touch, or ta&s;te of that which is di&s;plea&s;ant, and fol|lowes not the &s;treame of his appetite, it deformes it &s;elfe, and like the Moone, is in as many changes, as his fortune: now if the wrangling of children bee trouble&s;ome, the waywardne&s;&s;e of men mu&s;t, to a &s;tranger, be ridiculous; and to the acquaintance odi|ous: and con&s;equently <HI>Sadne&s;se</HI> a goodly ornament, that neither di&s;plea&s;eth others, deformes it &s;elfe, nor at any time pa&s;&s;eth the bounds of iudgement and di&s;|cretion; and though he mu&s;t, as he is man, haue many thoughts to repent, yet few actions. <HI>Primum argumentum compo&s;itae mentis existimo, po&s;&s;e con&s;i&s;tere &amp; &s;ecum morari,</HI> as it is commonly taken for a &s;igne of a &s;trong e&s;tate, and a &s;ettled di&s;po&s;ition, to keepe a certaine hou&s;e, and to loue home: and that &s;uch men are the be&s;t, both comforters and coun&s;ellers,
<PB REF="18"> of their meane and needy neighbours: &s;o is it, with tho&s;e minds that retire into their owne meditations, and &s;catter not them&s;elues vpon the irre&s;olute and incon&s;tant inuitations of opinion; being mo&s;t profi|table in their examples; and mo&s;t &s;ound, in their coun&s;els; outwardly goodly markes of direction, for them that are ignorant in their cour&s;e: and with|in, mo&s;t happy and &s;afe harbours and hauens for them, that either by weather, or weakne&s;&s;e, or any other, either &s;u&s;picion or knowledge of impediment, dare not put out into the va&s;te and profound muta|bilities and dangers of this Ocean of the World: if now a mole on the cheek be an ornament to beauty; <HI>Sadne&s;&s;e</HI> is the &s;ame to wit; and if wit, like quick&s;iluer, bee too nimble for it owne con&s;eruation, <HI>Sadne&s;se</HI> doth more then containe it: for it refines, and fixes it: Iewels and rich apparell adorne the Po&s;&s;e&s;&s;or, and exact from &s;trange eyes a reuerence and re&s;pect: <HI>Sadne&s;&s;e,</HI> the graue and euer becomming robe of iudgement, repre&s;ents to all vnder&s;tandings the ve|nerable account of all &s;o adorned: if the all con|cealing apparell of women, that mea&s;ured by their mode&s;ty, leaues nothing for the incur&s;ions, of gree|dy wanton eyes to make &s;poyle of, and doth not on|ly proclaime their &s;oules fairer then their bodies, but their bodies fairer then they are: with leauing the face, eye and hand, as a broken &s;entence to be per|fected by imagination: <HI>Sadne&s;se</HI> doth the &s;ame; for the interiour parts doubling and redoubling the per|fections of the mind, in &s;uch &s;ort, that euen fooles that Nature hath euen hidden vnder this behauiour, haue often e&s;caped cen&s;ure; and vnder title of a hid|den fellow hath hidden a mo&s;t empty and &s;en&s;ele&s;&s;e:
<PB REF="19"> for who can tell the contents of a cla&s;ped booke, or inuentory, or a lockt Wardrop? Now as it conceales the foole, it illu&s;trates the wi&s;e man. For as the Sun breaking through a cloude, lets fall the golden tre&s;&s;es of his beames vpon the gloomy ayery mor|ning, after his ab&s;ence, with a much more re&s;plen|dent maie&s;tie, then when continually vnmasked, he pro&s;titutes his beauties vnto euery eye, and makes not onely the Shepheard, but his flocke weary of his company, and &s;eeke &s;hade and &s;helter to hide them|&s;elues from his too fa&s;t fixed &s;ight: euen &s;o the well wayed motions of the &s;ad behauiour commands at|tention, and the &s;tayednes of his carriage prepares a con&s;ent before hearing, as due to him that lets no|thing pa&s;&s;e without due con&s;ideration.</P>
<P>To conclude, if one of the greate&s;t Philo&s;ophers determined &s;ilence, a more excellent quality then e|loquence: I haue the ayd of his authority, &s;ince <HI>Sadne&s;se</HI> is the &s;eate of &s;ilence, where &s;hee onely re|&s;ides in &s;afety, and where without all noy&s;e, trouble or tumult, &s;he enioyes the intelligence and contem|plations of the &s;oule: which the children of mirth cannot heare; for their owne noy&s;e: nor ta&s;te, their mouthes are &s;o furd with bodily plea&s;ures.</P>
<P>And now I will appeale to the eye, if the&s;e lignia|ments and features of <HI>Sadne&s;se,</HI> be not more goodly and becomming then tho&s;e of mirth: &s;urely if they be not more delightfull, they are more contenting: the difference of which, I refer to the Iudiciall, and to tho&s;e that valew things by their neerene&s;&s;e, and re&s;emblance of tho&s;e of Heauen.</P>
<P>La&s;tly, for gouernment, though the world be not made of Attomes, yet the body of mans reputation,
<PB REF="19"> is the concurrence of his &s;peeches, actions and pa&s;|&s;ions: which ought to adui&s;e all men, not to neglect the lea&s;t motion, either of mind or body: le&s;t it fa|&s;tens a deformity vpon all: &s;hall we expect this from mirth? it were in vaine, and to pre&s;cribe it, were lo&s;t labour; it is compo&s;ed wholly of contrarieties: for take a quantity of idle breath, &s;ublimated into a ie&s;t, a proportion of laughter, &s;ome mimicke trickes, ei|ther of the face or the body, and boyle them &s;o tho|rowly in wine, that you cannot know one from ano|ther, and you haue the mo&s;t receiued receit of mirth: but who will vndertake to giue a&s;&s;urance, that this in|&s;pired crue, &s;hall not violate the dignity of men: and &s;o gouerne them&s;elues, that &s;hame and deri&s;ion &s;hall not haue more right to them, then they to them|&s;elues?</P>
<P><HI>Vli&s;ses</HI> dranke of <HI>Circes</HI> cuppe, and was not tran&s;|formed: the morall is, a wi&s;e man may wa&s;h his mouth, but not quench his thir&s;t, with plea&s;ure: for, he that aymes onely at mirth and plea&s;ure, hits &s;or|row and repentance; as well becau&s;e it makes him ra&s;h and incon&s;iderate in his cour&s;es, when to buy mirth, he &s;ells all the re&s;pects and duties that hee owes to ine&s;timable vertue, and his owne pre&s;erua|tion: as that it being to the mind, as a &s;toaue to the body, that &s;o opens the pores, as the lea&s;t ayre giues a blow to the health, &s;o the lea&s;t aduer&s;ity or frowne of fortune, deiects their minds, and layes them open, either to a rauening fury, or a ba&s;e bewayling: wher|fore he that will not &s;eale the wor&s;t of <HI>&s;orrow,</HI> let him beware of deuoting him&s;elfe to mirth, for they only feele the water intolerable cold, that goe into it ex|traordinary hot. The Philo&s;ophers that impo&s;ed &s;i|lence
<PB REF="20"> vpon their Schollers for their fir&s;t in&s;truction, could intend nothing el&s;e, but the &s;ettling and com|po&s;ing the mind: from whence ari&s;eth that habite of <HI>Sadne&s;&s;e,</HI> that gaue them power of them&s;elues; and withall of all things that came within the bounds of their knowledge: if not to gaine by, yet not to lo&s;e.</P>
<P>To what end &s;hould I produce the witne&s;&s;e of ma|ny famous ancients, from whome &s;carce a &s;mile was euer drawne, and yet were &s;uch, as neuer lo&s;t oppur|tunity; that pre&s;ented it &s;elfe, to do others good, or them&s;elues right: nor euer lo&s;t that power, force, and tranquillity of their owne minds, in any of For|tunes tran&s;mutations, that is wont &s;o to ouercome the rea&s;on of men, as like tran&s;formed creatures, there can bee nothing more different then them to them|&s;elues? Neither will I authorize my opinion, by the example of our ble&s;&s;ed Sauiour, who was neuer &s;eene to laugh: nor <HI>Salomons</HI> &s;acred coun&s;ell, that it was better to go to the hou&s;e of mourning, then mirth, le&s;t the worldly man, that makes proui&s;ion only for the building of his Babel, ca&s;t me off as an vn&s;ea|&s;onable and impertinent coun&s;ellor: though it &s;hal then (gentle Reader) in&s;en&s;ibly, and without thy trouble prepare thee for the be&s;t worke of thy life, which is the life eternall: yet while&s;t thou wilt be at|tentiue to thy temporall imployments, it is al&s;o of mo&s;t effectuall importance.</P>
<P>De&s;ire&s;t thou to be reputed wi&s;e? It is her vi&s;ible&s;t forme; not to bee importuned with vaine and idle co~pany? they feare <HI>Sadnes</HI> too much to follow thee.</P>
<P>To bee the &s;afe Cabinet of thy owne and thy friends &s;ecrets? <HI>Sadne&s;&s;e</HI> is the parent of &s;ilence, &s;i|lence of &s;ecrecy.</P>
<PB REF="20">
<P>To be temperate? where <HI>Sadne&s;se</HI> is Porter, few vaine de&s;ires are admitted.</P>
<P>Not to bee precipitate in thy actions? Where <HI>Sadne&s;&s;e</HI> keepes the li&s;ts of con&s;ideration, alwaies cleere and free, from the intru&s;ions of pa&s;&s;ion, the &s;oule cannot but gouerne all things by the regular and iudiciall power of rea&s;on, as &s;hee that knowes time call to con&s;ultations, &s;huts out repentance.</P>
<P>In a word, if there be any way to be troad in by our feete of clay, we are out of the reach of Fortune, out of the power of our pa&s;&s;ions, and in the full po&s;|&s;e&s;&s;ion of our &s;elues, wee may liue in a continuall calme: where from the height of a cleere &amp; impreg|nable iudgement, wee may &s;afely and in&s;en&s;ibly be|hold the world, by this time &s;o farre vnder vs, as all &s;uch vaine de&s;ires, as had wont to make vs &s;uiters and followers to her, haue lo&s;t &s;ight of their inamo|red obiects, it is by the way of <HI>Sadne&s;&s;e:</HI> who doth not alone inrich vs by that it brings, but pre&s;erues vs &s;o by keeping out all inordinate appetites, di&s;tem|pered affections, and tho&s;e humors of bloud and o|pinion, who where they are fauoured, do v&s;ually de|&s;troy and expell, not onely all hone&s;t and vertuous actions, but euen the very thoughts that doe but &s;eeme to be well affected.</P>
<P>Thus haue I (good Reader) pre&s;ented to thy ac|quaintance the &s;weete&s;t, and be&s;t conditioned com|panion of the life of man, which if you will but be|leeue vpon tryall, I de&s;ire no more: be not &s;educed by opinion, and thou mai&s;t bee as happie as this world can make thee: for though the outward pow|er makes men great, yet is the inward, that makes men vertuous, and vertue onely that produceth a
<PB REF="21"> happine&s;&s;e, that can indure the te&s;t of all times and changes.</P>
<P>Neither mu&s;t I omit to an&s;were them that would hide their ba&s;e choice in the confu&s;ion of words, and &s;o will haue their mirth to be ioy; but he is wor&s;e then blind that knowes them not a &s;under, mirth be|ing rather an api&s;h vnquietne&s;&s;e, then a &s;olide con|tentment: be&s;ides, it liues not of it &s;elfe, it depends vpon fortune, vpon time, health, and many outward accidents; and liues but vpon borrowing, whereas ioy being as the &s;hadow of vertue, or the effect of the inward and in&s;eparable cau&s;e of a good life, is ne|uer from home, neuer in a cloude, neuer &s;ubiect to alteration, alwayes one, and therefore not only al|waies happie, but therefore happine&s;&s;e it &s;elfe: and yet to make the difference more apparant, behold their pictures drawne by two excellent Ma&s;ters, <HI>res &s;euera e&s;t verum gaudium,</HI> which if <HI>Sadne&s;se</HI> re&s;embles not more liuely then mirth, let your iudgement de|termine, and now for mirth, I am &s;ure this was made, it is &s;o like her, <HI>ri&s;u inepto, res ineptior nulla e&s;t;</HI> if you define mirth without laughing, you &s;peake of &s;omewhat els, and leaue your errand behind you, but it hath been &s;o often determined, that they are &s;o farre from all one, as they are not &s;o much as alike: as further to labour in &s;o manife&s;t a truth, will rather ob&s;cure, then inlighten it.</P>
<P>I will then include this que&s;tion in this definitiue &s;entence, <HI>fal&s;o de laetitia opinantur &s;iquidem ab vtri&s;&abque; gaudio &s;cilicet &amp; natura, diuer&s;a e&s;t,</HI> it hath not onely lo&s;t the challenge to ioy, but to nature; hee then that drew man within the compa&s;&s;e of <HI>animal ri&s;i|bile,</HI> was rather a confe&s;&s;or to good companions,
<PB REF="21"> then a wi&s;e &s;uruey or of the little world of man.</P>
<P>And now to conclude, if thou ha&s;t but Melan|choly enough to &s;u&s;pend thy opinion, what&s;oeuer thou art, thou ha&s;t me in the power of thy cen&s;ure: I doubt not but you &s;hall bee beholding to your iudgement, to free mee from the here&s;ie of <HI>Para|doxes.</HI></P>
<P>If &s;ome other thinke, that I haue re&s;trained the li|berty of man, in commending <HI>Sadne&s;se</HI> vnto him: let him know, I haue not determined it the end, but the way onely; an entry or pa&s;&s;age, that of the o|ther &s;ide, hath a world much more &s;pacious and plea&s;ant, then that of this &s;ide, comprehended by mirth: which is little, poore and tran&s;itory: if yet there be &s;ome that will bring this euidence for their libertie, <HI>Laetitia tuuenem, fraus decet tri&s;tis &s;enem,</HI> it is but like a licence to eate fle&s;h in Lent, for them that are weake and &s;ickly; or like a lawe that prohibi|ted all per&s;ons to weare gay clothes, and Iewels, but players and curti&s;ans: which was then taken for a marke of &s;corne, not for a priuiledge of grace and aduantage: which if they &s;hall plea&s;e to take &s;o too, they &s;hall haue the le&s;&s;e to an&s;were for, and I &s;hall neither haue lo&s;t my labour, nor their fauour: if not, I mu&s;t yet challenge the allowance of the wi&s;e&s;t, which are the olde&s;t, who if they &s;hould yeeld to an extreme, would rather ratifie that Philo&s;opher that euer wept, then this that tooke no more pittie of him&s;elfe, and of the madnes of mankind, then to &s;pend his life in laughter.</P>
<TRAILER>FINIS.</TRAILER>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 TYPE="text">
<PB REF="22">
<PB REF="22">
<HEAD>THE PRAYSE OF the Emperour <HI>Iulian</HI> the <HI>APOSTATA: His Princely vertues, and finall Apo&s;tacie.</HI></HEAD>
<P>_I Dare not affirme him temperate, that &s;huns &s;urfets; nor him graue, that de&s;pi&s;eth lightne&s;&s;e; nor him valiant, that loues to conuer&s;e with danger: It is no precious thing, my opinion, and yet I am afraid to &s;pend it: let Phy&s;ici|ans, a Gods name, be thought trim fellowes for de|termining of the liues of men, as if they had come ye&s;terday from the Fates; for my part, except I may haue leaue to pa&s;&s;e through the in&s;ide of them, I can &s;ay nothing: for all the&s;e are no more a kin to Vertue, then ba&s;ene&s;&s;e may challenge of No|bility, becau&s;e their names &s;ound alike: it being not Temperance, not grauity, not Fortitude; except the
<PB REF="23"> cau&s;e that moues the&s;e effects, bee vertues. The World affoords not a more apt example then this Emperour, the Hi&s;torie of who&s;e life is full of &s;o many excellent things, as hardly he that is a votary again&s;t the world, and hath nothing to thinke of, but keeping his vow, may equall him in all the&s;e outward apparances, that fauourable iudgements call the way to heauen; but in the depth of impiety; againe, not the mo&s;t reprobate,<NOTE PLACE="marg">His tempera~ce.</NOTE> comparable: yet was he &s;o tem|perate, as he neuer &s;urfeted nor vometed oftner, then he was made <HI>Cae&s;ar,</HI> and that of chee&s;e: in the pro|uocations of the fle&s;h none cha&s;ter,<NOTE PLACE="marg">His cha&s;tity &amp; thrift.</NOTE> no vnthrift of his trea&s;ure, and time, in publike &s;ports, a common di&s;|ea&s;e of greatne&s;&s;e:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Not giuen to plea&s;ure.</NOTE> no la&s;ciuious plea&s;ure did ru&s;t and con&s;ume his time, &s;o couetous was he of it, as the very nights he deuided into vpholding his body, the bettering his minde, the &s;eruing his country; he needed not <HI>Alexanders</HI> ball of mettall to awake him, for the thinne&s;&s;e of his dyet required not much &s;leep,<NOTE PLACE="marg">His moderate dyet.</NOTE> whereas the other was a good fellow, and gaue his hot con&s;titution leaue to leade him to banquets and quaffings.<NOTE PLACE="marg">His valour.</NOTE> For his valour, aske all the Hi&s;tories of his time, and you &s;hall finde they make &s;o great a noy&s;e about no body: but all the&s;e helpe him not, &s;o irre|ligious a hart po&s;&s;e&s;t them, proceeding mo&s;t of them out of his education, &s;ome from his nature, none from vertue: how iu&s;tly then may we &s;u&s;pect our o|pinions of men that carry the forme of the exacte&s;t liues? Me thinkes it were well, if they were let alone vntill the next world: for it is to be doubted, whether prai&s;es be not like raine that increa&s;eth weeds, as well as nouri&s;heth the corne: for it begets Hypocrites, and for the truely vertuous, they neither care for it,
<PB REF="23"> nor neede it: if all men were of my mind, they that are good, and they that neuer came neerer then a de&s;ire to be thought &s;o; &s;hould &s;hortly be di&s;cerned one from another: for his &s;oft pacing, his graue at|tire, and con&s;tant countenance, &s;hall not worke a whit vpon me, no, not a &s;peech well read, with the head and the fingers finely placed; no, not the na|ming vice in choller, and putting off his Hatt when vertue is called; no, not the defying the World, nor challenging the combate of concupi&s;cence: the&s;e are but words of cour&s;e, but promi&s;es, but no|thing: <HI>Promittas facito, quid enim promittere laedit? pollicitis diues, quilibetie&s;&s;e potest:</HI> But this it is to write without the hope of gaining by a <HI>Mecaenas,</HI> or the am+bition of method; my matter, my &s;tile, hang di&s;ioin|ted, and vn&s;emented, neither of them keepes their place, but gallops, and trots and ambles; the rea|&s;on, I neuer gaue <HI>Tully</HI> an houre for any of his Re|thorike: I &s;end not my words awooing, I care not, &s;o they can get to their iournies end, though they can|not caper, nor dance: there is a grace in the &s;ound of words, but it is not mine, I giue my thoughts clothes &s;odainly, and &s;o fit, that they may be vnder&s;tood; but whether they be in fa&s;hion and wel &s;haped, is not my care: I am of too rude a nature to be &s;o nice, and mine eares are &s;o har&s;h, that I could neuer yet vnder|&s;tand the &s;weetnes of the &s;ound of opinion; but to that I take in hand.</P>
<P>Fir&s;t, let me not be condemned for my Subiect: he was an ill man, that was his lo&s;&s;e, but this ill was on|ly ill at the iourneyes end; for mo&s;t of his actions were good here, and had been good for euer, if they had not &s;erued an ill ma&s;ter: but at the wor&s;t, Vertue
<PB REF="24"> is not &s;o proud as not to extract what may bee made good, out of ill for there is a &s;pirit in vice, that being cunningly drawne out, will &s;erue euen the be&s;t: &s;o ful it is of a quick and peircing vigour: he hath a poore Library to behold, that reades onely the good; let him turne ouer all, that de&s;ires to bee profound; let him earne Vertue with digging it out of vice, and he will keepe it the better: let him fetch it out of the en|trals of ill, that will glory of his conque&s;t; from tho&s;e &s;oft mini&s;ters of the mind, the Arts which make the &s;oule read to the body, and make practice but a &s;light, through the minds foreknowledge.</P>
<P>This Prince came to the managing Armes, not with &s;uch a people who&s;e weakene&s;&s;e was fit to nou|ri&s;h a nouice, but with tho&s;e fierce and warlike; yet was he victorious, and made tho&s;e that were wont to be feared, feare: <HI>Qui alijs terrore e&s;&s;e con&s;ueuerat, ip|&s;um &s;ibi timere coegit:</HI> who allowes not of &s;uch an excellent beginning? When I heare of any great Souldier, I aske his age, when if old, it takes away mine admiration; for vpon a wi&s;e minority I looke with greate&s;t affection: But here comes a priuy to|ken to know intents by, <HI>Sed haec laus etiam mi&s;errima ambitionis labe contaminata est, cum &s;e Augu&s;tum &s;alu|tari voluit:</HI> &s;o greedy are tho&s;e minds that intend onely to &s;erue their owne turne; no &s;ooner haue they attained to an atchieuement commendable, but they enforce pray&s;es out of the mouthes of men; they will &s;wagger for titles and re&s;pect; yea, it becomes Lord, euen of them&s;elues; for rea&s;on of more waight, that in another mans ca&s;e &s;hould haue preuailed, with the eyes of ambition &s;eemes dwarfi&s;h, weake, and little. That wi&s;e and warlike &s;eruant to the king|dome
<PB REF="24"> of Spaine,<NOTE N="*" PLACE="marg">The Duke of <HI>Alua.</HI></NOTE> the Duke of <HI>Alua,</HI> hath much of his glory dusked, by an Hi&s;torian, that relates the<NOTE N="(a)" PLACE="marg">Don Antonio Prior of <HI>Crato,</HI> commonly called the King of Por+tugall.</NOTE> Prior of <HI>Crato</HI> would haue come to a good com|po&s;ition: but hee would not heare of it, becau&s;e it could not haue bin then &s;aid, he conquered Portugal with the &s;word: of &s;uch a valew were a few idle words, as his ma&s;ters profit and his own truth were thought things meete to giue place to this wind, to this no|thing: But behold how Fortune &s;ometimes playes the &s;ame part that wi&s;edome doth, and brings a &s;uc|cesfull end to fal&s;e beginnings: <HI>Vnde bellum ciuile a|troci&s;simum e&s;&s;et con&s;ecutum, ni&s;i mors pene repentina con&s;tantium ante &s;u&s;tuli&s;set:</HI> thus doth that blinde guide make arguments to ouerthrow iudgement: thus vpon the death of <HI>Alexander de medicis, Co&s;imo</HI> was inthroned, being &s;carce out of the downe of his childhood, without much paine or &s;tudy, that had co&s;t his predece&s;&s;ors much trouble, much care: &s;o doth it plea&s;e the diuine wi&s;edome, to demon&s;trate to mortall eyes their impotency; for it is hee, there is no fortune, it is hee that makes tho&s;e things that &s;eeme to haue idle beginnings, proue profitable at the end. Both the&s;e examples, though in &s;ome things different, yet agree in the demon&s;trating: tho&s;e things that wee vnder&s;tand not, and therefore call chances, haue often as faire an end as things propo|&s;ed; which is the will of heauen to teach vs earth|lings, that our purpo&s;es cannot go whither they are co~manded, without his plea&s;ure. At his Coronation,<NOTE PLACE="marg">His Coronation.</NOTE> &amp; after, he &s;eemed mode&s;tly to mi&s;like his greatnes, the common tricke of ambition, who &s;till de&s;ires to &s;eeme carele&s;&s;e of what he chiefely thir&s;ts after; if it be not &s;o, it is as with vs all, that like tho&s;e things
<PB REF="25"> that are farthe&s;t off: hee v&s;ed often to prote&s;t, <HI>Ni|hil &s;e amplius a&s;&s;ecutum, quam vt occupatior interiret:</HI> a &s;peech that, me thinkes, drawes the nature of his place liuely, and withall, the happine&s;&s;e of his place; for there cannot be a more noble &s;tate, then that which perforce bids vs to bee indu&s;trious and bu&s;ie; a more worthy bu&s;ine&s;&s;e can there not bee, then the imployment of a Prince: hee feeles not death that dyeth thus, he hath other bu&s;ine&s;&s;e, then to breed thoughts of terror; and for them that find greatne&s;&s;e, and yet make death terrible, it comes from the abu&s;e of their authority: for they truly v|&s;ing it, are vn&s;en&s;ible of &s;mart, and feare not death, nor his wor&s;t countenance.</P>
<P>After his po&s;&s;e&s;&s;ion of the Empire, hee inuaded <HI>Per&s;ia,</HI> drawne the more willingly, by a per&s;wa&s;ion, that his body had gotten <HI>Alexander</HI> his &s;oule, and &s;hould haue his &s;ucce&s;&s;e. Good Lord, into what vn|certaine and ridiculous imaginations are they led, that haue not the anchor-hold of Religion! Went it no further, then this, it were mo&s;t precious, for it keepes our thoughts in good order, which otherwi&s;e would make vs all as wilde as mad-men: for we bred Mon&s;ters and mi&s;-&s;hapen things in our braine, which did not the con&s;cience reduce into fa&s;hion (which con&s;cience is the childe of Diuinity) wee &s;hould not touch one another for feare of breaking: but &s;ome|time &s;uch a per&s;wa&s;ion carrieth higher and hand|&s;omer then euer meant, inforcing imitation. I knew once a fellow, meane enough, and as meanly qualited, being &s;ayd to be like a great man, began to ingender &s;tirring thoughts, of &s;pirit, of well doing, and, at the la&s;t, arriued at the pitch of an indiffe|rent
<PB REF="25"> worthy fellow; but within a while this mu&s;t be ca&s;t off. It is not ami&s;&s;e at the fir&s;t to giue children plummes for learning their le&s;&s;on, but afterwards they mu&s;t loue learning for knowledges &s;ake, the&s;e for vertues. Of the happine&s;&s;e of his perfections, and then of his imperfections: his temperance<NOTE PLACE="marg">His temperance.</NOTE> carri|ed with it a number of commodities; for be&s;ides health, it maintained the &s;trength and viuacitie of his &s;pirit, which the aboundance of eating and drink|ing is wont to quench; at lea&s;t kill: his &s;leeps were thereby le&s;&s;e (the drowner of the &s;pirits) being the image of death, the maker of the vnder&s;tanding dull,<NOTE PLACE="marg">His moderate &s;leepe.</NOTE> and &s;en&s;ele&s;&s;e: but the be&s;t quality is the cooling of lu&s;t, which banqueting and exce&s;&s;e is wont to kindle in the body, and the body to fire the minde; but this ab&s;tinence brings the other vnder, and curbes lu&s;t, which v&s;ually melteth away, and &s;o becom|meth the maintainer of the life of man. His ex|ample is not of the lea&s;t con&s;equence, the life of the Prince being the book of the &s;ubiect,<NOTE PLACE="marg">The Princes ex|ample, the &s;ub|iects booke.</NOTE> from which nothing may withdraw them: though his abundance may &s;eeme to licen&s;e him, and exempt them, they will take it for no an&s;were,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Prouidence of time and trea|&s;ure.</NOTE> nor in trueth is it &s;uffici|ent, for I thinke they were lent him to doe others good with, not him&s;elfe hurt: prouident in &s;pen|ding his trea&s;ure, parcimonious of his time, both &s;trengtheners of him&s;elfe, for by the fir&s;t, hee comes not to neede others, by the la&s;t not to com|plaine of time, for they liue the &s;horte&s;t (though mo&s;t yeeres) that mi&s;pend it: a lamentable thing, euen wor&s;e then mortality, for this death is wor&s;e then that: a great meanes of this, was the cu|&s;tome of delighting the people,<NOTE PLACE="marg">His delighting the people.</NOTE> and of honouring
<PB REF="26"> their gods with &s;undry publike &s;ports; and what might be the rea&s;on be&s;ides ignorance, in the <HI>Roman</HI> State vpholding the&s;e, I can but ghe&s;&s;e; it might be with their Co~minalty, as with our little children, who if not feede with &s;ports will growe wayward and crie, &s;o tickli&s;h are popular States, where it is but a &s;tep from the be&s;t to the wor&s;t, that if they bee not kept bu&s;ie, they will mutiny and growe into mi&s;likes; to doe well they mu&s;t be appointed their very thoughts, with feeding them with light &s;tuffe, farre from the matter. Wherefore, if in no other re|&s;pect,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Monarchike gouernment be&s;t.</NOTE> the Monarchy is to be honoured as the Prince of gouernment, and e&s;pecially tho&s;e of &s;ucce&s;&s;ion, where the ambitious and rebellious nature hath not &s;o much to worke vpon, the people being euer mo&s;t affectionate to the bloud Royall, and God hauing ex|pre&s;ly prohibited the v&s;ing violence to his Anointed: the &s;ecret meaning of the&s;e &s;ports was be&s;t knowne to the <HI>Romanes,</HI> but of the di&s;ea&s;es of them I haue noted.<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>2.</HI> Di&s;ea&s;es in the Romane &s;ports. The fir&s;t di&s;ea&s;e.</NOTE> 2. In the time of <HI>Nero,</HI> and both of them me thinkes likely to follow: The one of them was, when the Procurators, Procon&s;ulls, or other Magi|&s;trates, had abu&s;ed the authority of their places, with pilling and taxing the &s;ubiects of the Empire, they came to <HI>Rome</HI> and made their peace, with giuing the people the &s;ight of &s;word-plaiers, or &s;om &s;uch things. Here is the Prohibition: <HI>Edixit</HI> Cae&s;ar <HI>ne quis Ma|gi&s;tratus, aut Procurator, qui Prouinciam obtinert &s;pectaculum gladietorum, aut ferarum, aut quod aliud lu|dicrum aederet;</HI> this is the medicine, the di&s;ea&s;e fol|loweth: <HI>Nam ante non minus tali largitione, quam cor|ripiendis pecunijs &s;ubiectos affligebant, dum quae libidine deliquerant, ambitu propugnant:</HI> It is a circum&s;pection
<PB REF="26"> mo&s;t behouefull for the Magi&s;trate, to take away the meanes of getting the&s;e keyes to open the peoples heart with, which is to be certainlie&s;t performed, with &s;topping all &s;prings, that would feed them, but the fountaine of chiefe authority; for otherwi&s;e, they will like tame birds, readily come to the call of him that giues them meate. The other was,<NOTE PLACE="marg">The &s;econd di&s;|ea&s;e.</NOTE> how apt the celebrations were to nouri&s;h a la&s;ciuious Prince, &s;hewing &amp; directing the way to &s;oftne&s;&s;e, &amp; exce&s;&s;e: which is well approued by this Empire of liberty and fe&s;tiualls, and the ancient Laconian &s;trictne&s;&s;e, where there was neuer riotous Prince; in the other, euery &s;econd or third Emperour a Mon&s;ter:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Power in a wanton hand ruinates his charge.</NOTE> there is not a more dangerous thing then power in a wanto~ hand, which euery way ruinates his charge; for if it liue to growe olde, it becomes tyranny, in the meane time corrupts him&s;elf and Common-wealth: the naturall man louing bodily plea&s;ures, when cheri&s;hed by the life of a la&s;ciuious Prince, the nature of it is doubled. <HI>E&s;t vulgus cupiens voluptatum, &amp; &s;i eo Princeps trahat laetum:</HI> They are well contented with &s;uch a Gouer|nour, alas, their countenances are vnfit guides for a State&s;-man; me thinks they are like the &s;ence of ta&s;t, that neuer con&s;idereth the operation, but ta&s;te: faire otherwi&s;e was this Prince, which he layes to his edu|cation, though I think Nature had made him of too rough a mould to bee carried with &s;uch lightne&s;&s;e; yet might it be his familiarity with letters, which car|rieth the mind &s;o high, as mo&s;t other things appeare ba&s;e and contemptible; this &s;peech is the childe of &s;uch a minde, <HI>turpe e&s;&s;e &s;apienti, cum habeat animam, captare laudes ex corpore:</HI> it is a &s;peech worthie of the worthie&s;t mouth, and proclaimes to the ambitious
<PB REF="27"> where to buy the be&s;t glory and commendations. It re&s;teth to tell what were the waights that made his vices<NOTE PLACE="marg">His vices.</NOTE> heauie&s;t, the lightne&s;&s;e of his nature, or incon|&s;tancy, his pur&s;uite of vnlawfull knowledges, and la&s;tly, his ambition and cueoting dominion. I doe not cry fie of incon&s;tancy,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fir&s;t his incon|&s;tancy, &amp;c.</NOTE> or cur&s;e it, for by the leaue of ages &s;ettledne&s;&s;e, there is neuer a Pe&s;ant in the world traines vp youth better, I abhorre it in age, and &s;top my no&s;e at it; but youths be&s;t lectures are read by incon&s;tancy;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Pray&s;e of incon|&s;tancy in youth.</NOTE> neuer &s;tampe, mi&s;tris experi|ence, at my opinion, for were it not lawfull for age to forget, I &s;hould call you ingratefull, for Incon&s;tancy was your nur&s;e, and all the &s;trange experiments you haue pa&s;&s;ed, &s;he carried you through. But when age begins to decline a body, it is time to leaue it: hee hath &s;pent his time ill, that knowes not then what to tru&s;t to, which knowne mu&s;t be held to the death, yea and in death.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Martyrdome one of the be&s;t deaths.</NOTE> Martyrdome is one of the be&s;t fa&s;hio|ned cuts that Dame <HI>Atropos</HI> hath: me thinks, at that time Death playeth a gallant conductor, and leads vs to an a&s;&s;ault that pa&s;&s;ed, de&s;erues tryumph, his ill directed knowledges de&s;erue the greate&s;t blame, for all knowledges what&s;oeuer that haue poy&s;oned man,<NOTE PLACE="marg">His ill deriued knowledge.</NOTE> with the per&s;wa&s;ion of &s;tanding onely vpon his own &s;trength, are both feeble and impious; they are like legges that haue onely &s;trength to carry the body, where it may de&s;troy it &s;elfe: among&s;t the&s;e Magick and A&s;trologie,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Magicke and A&s;trologie.</NOTE> the &s;tudies of vaine melancholicke natures,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Diuell-binders.</NOTE> but e&s;pecially the diuel-binders are the mo&s;t &s;otti&s;h people in the world: for what can bee more ridiculous then to thinke hearbs, &s;pels, and cir|cles, can enforce infernall &s;pirits to be ruled by mor|tall men, or that God will giue a power to his Name
<PB REF="27"> abu&s;ed? But A&s;trologie is not &s;o ill. The other Ma|gicke, is the game that the diuell playes at fa&s;t and loo&s;e with man, but the abu&s;e of knowledge, the di&s;|ea&s;e of the fine&s;t metals, de&s;erues more pitty; of all the great troupes that goe this way, I find few ar|riued at an indifferent commendation; I cannot tel, they are cut off either by pride, vanity, or contempt; this is the cou&s;enage of partiality; doe you thinke there is &s;uch an excellency in hauing &s;lubbered an <HI>A|ri&s;totle?</HI> Fie, no. If you vnder&s;tood <HI>Aristotle,</HI> you might be bettered; there is not &s;uch a vertue in <HI>genus</HI> and <HI>&s;pecies,</HI> as you haue &s;et it downe in your In|uentory, they are but names; and Art it &s;elfe but the &s;tilts of a cripple: for if we could go without them, what &s;hould we do with them? Vanity, prides mi|nority, belongeth to this crue: &s;uch are tho&s;e that hauing taken a do&s;&s;e of <HI>Cicero,</HI> pre&s;ently learne their tongues to dance a Cinque-pace; the&s;e vtter Orati|ons &s;o like <HI>Ciceroes</HI> as they &s;eeme the &s;ame, &s;o well can they enforce a circum&s;tance and neatly &s;lide from one limme of Rethoricke to another: away with this whori&s;h eloquence, with this breath-mar|chandi&s;e, it becomes not the grauity of a profe&s;&s;ed &s;choller, no more then it doth a Generall, reckoned to be skilfull at his needle. The la&s;t is Pride in graine,<NOTE PLACE="marg">His contempt of others.</NOTE> contempt; an humor &s;odden in &s;elfe opinion, a di&s;|ea&s;e killing the loue of his countrey, &amp; countrymen, the per&s;wa&s;ion to make him to apply the riches of his mind to the benefit of others, but this is taken away; for contempt and loue were neuer friends, and then he is no other then a buried Trea&s;ure:<NOTE PLACE="marg">To know what contempt is.</NOTE> This di&s;ea&s;e is to bee knowne by &s;eparating his cu&s;tomes from the world, by an eye ful of di&s;dain, by a countenance
<PB REF="28"> borrowed from the picture of &s;ome old Philo&s;opher: for no people am I more &s;orry, then for the&s;e, which abu&s;e the picture of our fir&s;t and mo&s;t ble&s;&s;ed &s;tate: they that de&s;ire cure, let them goe to <HI>Seneca, Frons no&s;tra, populo conueniat,</HI> and after more thorowly, <HI>Id agamus, vt meliorem vitam &s;equamur quam vulgus, non vt contrariam:</HI> I am glad yet that <HI>Seneca's</HI> time was troubled with the&s;e inke-horne Bragards, as well as wee.</P>
<P><NOTE PLACE="marg">His ambition.</NOTE>But this Emperours coueting dominion, of which I &s;hall &s;peake like one in a dreame, for I cannot think like a Prince, and I am glad of it, for they are thoughts too bigge for me, but as I ghe&s;&s;e, Ambiti|on is more naturall and profitable, in a Prince then priuate men: for the definition of <HI>vtile &amp; hone&s;tum</HI> with them, and vs, is not all one, our &s;tates and our profe&s;&s;ions differ, and all one in&s;trument will not &s;erue vs.</P>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD><HI>IVLIANS</HI> Dialogue of the <HI>Cae&s;ars.</HI></HEAD>
<P><NOTE PLACE="marg">His Dialogue of the <HI>Cae&s;ars.</HI></NOTE>I De&s;ire to haue the picture of famous men by mine eare not mine eye, I preferre the Hi&s;torian, before the Painter, I get nothing by the fa&s;hion of his face, but by the knowledge of his life: the pen is the be&s;t pen&s;ell, which drawes the mind, the other, that tells you the &s;tature and proportion of the body may delight, not profit; giue me therfore their works; if writers; if not, their liues written by others: thus thinke I of bookes (the i&s;&s;ue of our minds) all which are not without &s;ome profit, for there is no &s;oule altogether barren, but e&s;pecially tho&s;e that are able,
<PB REF="28"> and doe write in earne&s;t, tho&s;e binde the whole world to them, for they di&s;&s;olue their &s;pirits, to make theirs more precious, and by the helpe of time haue made that excellent cordiall, that the &s;oule di&s;ge&s;ting may recouer, and bee pre&s;erued again&s;t our naturall di&s;|ea&s;e ignorance. I &s;ucked not long enough of my Schoole-ma&s;ter to proue a Commentor,<NOTE PLACE="marg">The Authors di|gre&s;&s;ion of him|&s;elfe.</NOTE> I cannot fetch words from their &s;wadling bands, nor make them interpret the quality of the things knowne by them, I tract them not, nor &s;et a brand of them when I meete them, nor compare the words of one Au|thor with another: if I can make ioyning worke of the matter, I goe contented, for I worke not for words: and thus nature hath framed me, &amp; I will not goe to &s;urgery for an alteration; for me thinkes it be|comes a gentle &s;pirit well, to leaue the dro&s;&s;e and fly to the matter, he writes not vnder the hard re&s;traint of feare or gaine, but gallantly giues the World the trauels of his minde, and it is gallantly, for a Merci|nary liberalli&s;t is in little better &s;tate then a <HI>Renegado:</HI> let him then that courts his cen&s;urers with &s;weet titles for feare of bitterne&s;&s;e, or him that &s;ends his booke of a voyage in hope of gaine, tend this cutting vp words and &s;uch &s;tuffe: but he that writes &s;o purely as to want the&s;e, let him run into things of worth, and fetch &s;ecrets out of the entrals of actions: I haue read Hi&s;tory, but they &s;eldome doe any more then make the times confe&s;&s;e; &s;ome vpon Hi&s;tory, mo&s;t &s;imple, &s;ome better, others dangerous; but this Dialogue hath of the vertue of both, and little of their idlenes, full of excellent ob&s;eruation, and withal quick: &s;o wel did the &s;tomak of mine vnder&s;tanding like it, that &s;he boyled longer then ordinary, &amp; here is the dige&s;tion.</P>
<PB REF="29">
<P>It is not my maner to be bu&s;ie about the maner of the fea&s;t, the place, nor other circum&s;tances, let it &s;uf|fice the Author makes <HI>Romulus</HI> inuite his &s;ucce&s;&s;ours to a fea&s;t, at who&s;e entrance <HI>Sylenus, Iupiters</HI> buffone hits them where they were left vnarmed by Vertue.</P>
<P>I promi&s;e neither method nor antiquitie; but after my fa&s;hion thus:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Iulius Cae&s;ars entrance.</NOTE> Fir&s;t <HI>Iulius Cae&s;ar</HI> enters, of whom <HI>Sylenus</HI> bids <HI>Iupiter</HI> beware, le&s;t he plots his depo|&s;ing; for hee is (&s;ayth hee) great and fayre; thus dangerous is the neighbour-hood of Ambition:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Cae&s;ars ambition.</NOTE> for all other affections that are wont to maintaine ami|ty are not here; for Ambition loues nothing but it &s;elfe, nor pitties, nor regards: &s;o both commen|ding his rea&s;on and pa&s;&s;ion to bee &s;laues to this hu|mour is good onely for that, to all other dangerous. Be&s;ides the humour, he had two in&s;truments belong|ing to it, he was great and faire; alas, what account &s;hould we make of our rea&s;on? &s;ince &s;he &s;uffereth the vaine&s;t occa&s;ions to beget the &s;eriou&s;e&s;t purpo|&s;es. Is it not pitifull that Valour &s;hould be beholding to the Drumme and Trumpet, and flying of the co|lours and the glittering of Armour? Yet is it, and I thinke few &s;pirits, but among&s;t the re&s;t haue found the&s;e the inflamer of courage: no le&s;&s;e ab&s;urd is the election of a Magi&s;trate by his beautie;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Not good to e|lect a Magi|&s;trate for his beauty.</NOTE> yet is it common for that Whori&s;h affection to preuaile, the which rank'd with this greatne&s;&s;e ouercomming &s;uf|ficiency, when men who&s;e euidence lyeth in their titles; &s;hall po&s;&s;e&s;&s;e places where wi&s;edome is be|houeful, <HI>&amp; patrias laudes &s;entiat e&s;&s;e &s;uas.</HI> Of al which there is to be noted the ba&s;ene&s;&s;e of our choyce, the &s;luggi&s;hne&s;&s;e of our rea&s;on, for not forbidding the banes. And la&s;tly, how they throw them&s;elues into
<PB REF="29"> the hands of Fortune, with managing the&s;e high things &s;o ba&s;ely. In the de&s;cription of <HI>Octauius</HI> en|trance,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Octauius en|trance.</NOTE> I note <HI>Poetries</HI> power, he makes him appeare in diuers colours, which, me thinks,<NOTE PLACE="marg">His Poetry, and Policie.</NOTE> doth here more hand&s;omely then the plaine truth: for it had not bin &s;o fit to haue &s;ayd, Policy &s;utes his forme like the oc|ca&s;ion, and alters as it alters: of him, <HI>Sylenus, Papae, quam varium hoc animal,</HI> &s;uch mu&s;t be policy, for his trade is with the diuers di&s;po&s;itions of man, and ac|cording to them mu&s;t be diuers.</P>
<P>Then <HI>Tiberius</HI> with a graue &amp; cruel countenance,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Tiberius en|trance.</NOTE> who, he after paints full of &s;carres and &s;cabbes, as te|&s;timonies of his tyranny and intemperance, to whom <HI>Sylenus, Longe alius mihi nunc, quam ante videres:</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">His tyranny and intemperance.</NOTE> But, me thinkes, his Ver&s;e is not rightly applyed, for Tyrants are euer deformed, mary, feare in their liues makes it inward, after their deaths apparant; thus pretily doth time mock mortality, fir&s;t tying one par|tie, and &s;uffering the other to beate them, then the lo&s;ed, tyed, and the tyed lo&s;ed: thus tyranny and &s;ub|iection: tyranny as long as it la&s;ts buffets his vnder|lings, but death at la&s;t giues the lo&s;er a time of re|uenge, when he woundeth their memories, with|out feare or danger.</P>
<P>After <HI>Silenus</HI> a&s;&s;aults his abominable life in the Iland <HI>Caprea,</HI> in no life doe the blemi&s;hes of life ap|peare &s;o vi&s;ibly as in Princes, who&s;e height and pow|er, as it may do much, &s;o is it mo&s;t ob&s;erued. I won|der hee lets him &s;cape for <HI>Seianus,</HI> his doting vpon whom, was much more impardonable then the &s;im|ple <HI>Claudius,</HI> becau&s;e the former profe&s;&s;ed craft, the other alwaies gouerned by &s;mocks and &s;laues.</P>
<P>At <HI>Claudius</HI> entrance<NOTE PLACE="marg">Claudius en|trance.</NOTE> he repeats a Comedy, and
<PB REF="30"> after complaines of <HI>Romulus,</HI> for &s;uffering him to come without <HI>Naci&s;&s;us,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">His committing his affaires to others.</NOTE> <HI>Palantus,</HI> and his wife <HI>Me&s;sa|lina:</HI> thus it happens with them that beare the names of great places, and lay their execution vpon others: thus with them that are &s;o tender hearted as to bee led by others: thus haue I often ob&s;erued &s;eruile con|ditions to vndermine their ma&s;ters, there being great lo&s;&s;e in granting to the will of interce&s;&s;ors, for the gift is theirs, the thanks anothers; wherefore it is the duty of di&s;cretio~ to re&s;erue to them&s;elues the occa&s;i|on of importance, and he that giueth, to be vnknown him&s;elfe to him that he giues. Now comes <HI>Nero</HI> and his harpe:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Neroes entrance delighting with playing on the harpe.</NOTE> nothing is &s;o fa&s;t tyed to vs as our faults, we are neuer mentioned without them, they hackney our names to death, and neuer leaue &s;pur|ring them till they haue killed them. This man, &s;aith <HI>Silenus</HI> imitates <HI>Apollo,</HI> in the meane time behold his mi&s;&s;hapen cour&s;e, that de&s;tinated to an Empire, pur&s;ues the facultie of a Mu&s;ician: I neuer &s;ee any that profe&s;&s;e skill in many things: in the&s;e hie mat|ters much le&s;&s;e; one being inough for one: There followes a troupe together, though <HI>Vindex</HI> &s;hewes the &s;uppre&s;&s;ion of tyranny, is behouefull to the com|mon-wealth,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Galba.</NOTE> but dangerous to the party. <HI>Galba</HI> was euer too little or too big, for his fortune, beeing thought fit for an Empire while&s;t priuate, when an Emperour, vnworthy, and ended his &s;laues &s;laue.</P>
<P><NOTE PLACE="marg">Otho.</NOTE><HI>Otho</HI> might haue beene examined about the go|uernment of <HI>Lucitania,</HI> whether hee po&s;&s;e&s;t not that, to be di&s;po&s;&s;e&s;&s;ed of <HI>Popaea.</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Vitellius.</NOTE> For <HI>Vitellius</HI> let <HI>Iupiter</HI> looke his cheere bee good, or el&s;e his pallate will pur&s;e his ho&s;t: <HI>Galba</HI> &s;hewes the difference betweene opinion and tryall, and withall that there is no grea|ter
<PB REF="30"> enemy to prai&s;e then expectation: <HI>Otho,</HI> that it is not impo&s;&s;ible to po&s;&s;e&s;&s;e great places for vilde cau&s;es: <HI>Vitellius</HI> that there is nothing that di&s;couers a la&s;ciuious mind &s;o cleerely, as power and authority. <HI>Ve&s;pa&s;ian</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Ve&s;pa&s;ian.</NOTE> followes a Prince that <HI>Sylenus</HI> could finde no fault with, but it &s;eemes, hee had not read <HI>Dion,</HI> who relates the time of his whores death:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Giuen to wo|men.</NOTE> heere is the oddes of beeing neere an Emperour, for a thou&s;and better de&s;eruing women died in tho&s;e times without mention: he &s;aith he delighted much in her, neither becomming his age, office, nor wi&s;e|dome, but I find none without &s;ome ayle or other.</P>
<P>It had been a good time for <HI>Sylenus,</HI> to haue asked this, what it was he repented him of, whether it were his louing his brothers wife to wed, or not, hating his brother inough, or el&s;e his fearing the people, more then louing <HI>Berenice. Domitian</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Domitian. His cruelty.</NOTE> had been bet|ter for a butchers &s;hop then a palace: for there it could hardly haue been &s;ayd of him, <HI>Solus est, ne mu&s;|ca quidem cum eo:</HI> now <HI>Traiane</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Traiane.</NOTE> appeares, vpon who&s;e &s;ight,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Giuen to drink.</NOTE> <HI>Sylenus</HI> giues <HI>Iupiter</HI> warning to looke to <HI>Gani|medes:</HI> hee might al&s;o haue bidden him be carefull of his <HI>Nectar;</HI> for he loued his lector as wel as boies. The graue fellow following mu&s;t be in <HI>Aurelius,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Aurelius.</NOTE> ac|cording to my ge&s;&s;e a fellow meeter to haue made a priuate man then a Prince,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Too milde.</NOTE> one of his commendati|ons was his &s;ufferance: a good pretty pray&s;e for a &s;ub|iect, but nothing fit for a Prince, he was al&s;o pitifull, a procurer of loue: but what of that, loue thus obtai|ned, is too familiar a Vertue for an Emperour. <HI>Per|tinax</HI> bought his regalitie at a deare rate, his grea|te&s;t fault was his ill husbandry, for as trees in their fir&s;t growth are defended by bryars, which after|wards
<PB REF="31"> vncut vp, ouerthrow the flori&s;hing of the tree; &s;o an vnlawfull elected Prince, &s;eldome e&s;capes plu|ling downe, by tho&s;e that &s;et him vp; for couetou&s;|ne&s;&s;e being the cau&s;e of their combination, nothing can &s;erue their vn&s;atiable de&s;ires, nor be thought a &s;ufficient recompence: aske <HI>Laetus</HI> els by the fortune of <HI>Plautianus.</HI> Here comes <HI>Seuerus</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Seuerus.</NOTE> a Prince of indif|ferent worthine&s;&s;e, had not his vertue &s;uffered &s;hip|wracke by his affections,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Too affectionate to his children.</NOTE> <HI>erant ei filii multo chariores quam ciues,</HI> which though a priuate man may con|fe&s;&s;e, who&s;e gouernment is but a hou&s;hold, it is a &s;hame for a Prince, who&s;e office as it re&s;embles the gods in power, &s;o &s;hould it in being free from partia|lity. <HI>Macrinus</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Macrinus.</NOTE> entreth: a thing made by chance, and ouerthrowne by chance,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Improuident.</NOTE> come from a ba&s;e Progeny, and ruined by an infant. Alas, for this poore fellow that followes; <HI>Alexander</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Alexander.</NOTE> that dyed becau&s;e he loued his Parents well; this is he that would giue any mony for quietnes,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Giuen too much to peace.</NOTE> and made Oratours the &s;upporters of his Empire. <HI>Debere vnumquem&abque; &s;uis fortunis acqui|e&s;cere,</HI> a &s;peech fit for a warme chamber, and no bu|&s;ine&s;&s;e, que&s;tionle&s;&s;e he &s;ought not the Empire, but the Empire him: &s;o doe the Fates or chance, or if you will, more high and certaine powers con&s;titute ignorant men in high places, to di&s;temper all, to giue after the more grace to the reorderer. There follows more, but I will not follow all, nor &s;tand vpon the Authors Poetry, or by-&s;peeches, I write vpon him, not him out, they that will haue it more orderly, were be&s;t goe thither for it.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<PB REF="31">
<HEAD>Compari&s;on betweene <HI>Alexander</HI> and <HI>Cae&s;ar.</HI></HEAD>
<P>NOw to the compari&s;on betweene <HI>Alexander</HI> and <HI>Cae&s;ar: Cae&s;ar</HI> loued a wench, as well as <HI>A|lexander</HI> wine, both faults, but which mo&s;t dangerous di&s;putable, they both impaire the vnder|&s;tanding, the one with laying too much vpon the head, the other with taking too much from the head: wine drownes rea&s;on, lu&s;t prefers his wench before the World: in wine <HI>Alexander</HI> killed <HI>Clytus, Cae&s;ar</HI> proclaimes loue letters in the Senate: both brea|ches likely to wa&s;te authority, but which of them mo&s;t dangerous, I leaue to the cen&s;urers, both of them doubtle&s;&s;e full of danger, for they are the priuy gates, whereat Con&s;pirators get entrance. More ear|ly did <HI>Alexander</HI> begin to bu&s;ie fame, but that was his fortune. <HI>Cae&s;ar</HI> more worthily, if not at la&s;t vnworthi|ly; for, hee ouerthrew the hinderance of a meane &s;tate, and made way through the ob&s;curity of his birth, which he confe&s;&s;eth difficult. <HI>Difficilius &s;e prin|cipem ciuitatis a primo ordine in &s;ecundum, quam a &s;e|cundo in noui&s;simum detrudi;</HI> how he did this de&s;erues note: I find all his actions, euen his younge&s;t, to be carried with great maie&s;ty, and an intent to lay the foundation of a reuerend opinion of him in the harts of men; his behauiour among&s;t the Pirats was one, the refu&s;ing the friend&s;hip of <HI>Lepidus</HI> another, he be|ing the author of re&s;toring the Tribunes office: the&s;e for example, vpon which time will not &s;uffer me to worke my will, the wi&s;e ob&s;eruer may for me, and gaine by it. <HI>Alexander</HI> was not idle in his childs age,
<PB REF="32"> his managing <HI>Bucephalus,</HI> argued courage; his v&s;e of Emba&s;&s;adors, wi&s;edome; the denying to run without Kings, maie&s;tie: but the&s;e were beautified with be|ing the actions of a Prince, for they would not be|come <HI>Cae&s;ar</HI> halfe &s;o well, becau&s;e a priuate man; that <HI>Cae&s;ar</HI> wept at the &s;ight of <HI>Alexanders</HI> picture, is no aduantage, for he had the ods of him by birth: then both were happy, in not hauing the fir&s;t growth of their indeuours, ouer-driped by men already great; <HI>Greece</HI> at this time, not hauing any great Souldier. <HI>Cae&s;ar</HI> in his fir&s;t Con&s;ul&s;hip, being matched with a heauy fellow, that not able to keep way with his &s;wift|ne&s;&s;e, and &s;trength of his &s;pirit, gaue him leaue to manage all matters alone, whereupon his two names &s;erued for the names of both the Con&s;uls, <HI>Nonnulli vrbanoru~ cum quid per iocum testandi gratia &s;ignarent, non Cae&s;are &amp; Bibulo, &s;ed Iulio &amp; Cae&s;are Con&s;ule actum &s;criberent:</HI> they tried how the world would like their authorities, by two different meanes. <HI>Alexander</HI> an ab&s;olute Prince inuaded <HI>Greece,</HI> by which hee made them vnder&s;tand that his youth de&s;erued not con|tempt, and brought them to be a&s;&s;i&s;tants in the wars again&s;t <HI>Per&s;ia. Cae&s;ar</HI> lower, but no le&s;&s;e politikely, he tooke the occa&s;ion of his daughters death, and in an office of affection pre&s;ented the people with plea|&s;ures and nouelties: <HI>munus populo aepulum&abque; pronuntia|uit in filiae memoriam, quod ante eum nemo fecit;</HI> this was a ta&s;te of their likings, a loue letter of an Amori&s;t, which if taken, more wil be taken: <HI>Cae&s;ar</HI> &s;eems in the difficulty of their conque&s;ts the worthier, no nation of <HI>Alexanders</HI> being comparable, either to the <HI>Gaules</HI> or <HI>Heluetians,</HI> but in the vp&s;hot alike, both the Per&s;i|an &amp; <HI>Pompey</HI> being greater in reputation then truth:
<PB REF="32"> they did well, as long as they went with the tyde: it was the generation long before &s;pent, that made the Per&s;ian diademe &s;hine with Imperiall title, the vi|gor of nece&s;&s;ity, that is wont to moue magnanimity, was taken away, and now left an ouerflowing of for|tune, which makes men degenerate and become &s;lothfull. <HI>Pompey</HI> became great by the trauels of <HI>Lu|cullus</HI> and others; neither his managing the ciuil wars was as it &s;hould be, nor his aduer&s;ity rightly mana|ged; &s;o that, me thinks, beholding him, I behold no|thing but a bubble of fortunes: for their particular valours, they were both valiant, in their military di&s;ci|pline, they differed, which might be by the difference of their aduer&s;aries, nature and country: in the &s;pe|ciall point of Armes they agreed, to encounter the hearts of men, as well as bodies. Therfore did <HI>Alex|ander</HI> deny <HI>Parmenio</HI> the inuading his enemies by night, an&s;wering the conque&s;ts of their hearts gene|rally, not of a particular army was the way: the Em|pire of <HI>Per&s;ia</HI> being aboundant in men, could neuer haue bin ouercome, if their di&s;cour&s;e could haue laid the <HI>Macedonian</HI> co~que&s;ts vpon any accident, but then vanqui&s;hed, when feare &s;hould make them &s;uper&s;titi|ou&s;ly adde, to the valour of their enemies, and think ba&s;ely of their owne &s;trengths: not thus, but to the &s;ame purpo&s;e, <HI>Cae&s;ar</HI> neuer mi&s;liked the multitude of his enemies, difficulty being euer a &s;purre to his acti|ons. That humor that <HI>Cae&s;ar</HI> po&s;&s;e&s;t his Souldiers with, at the &s;corning life at the hands of <HI>Cae&s;ars</HI> ene|mies, I find not in <HI>Alexanders,</HI> yet had he one of the chiefe in&s;tigators, the being &s;til a Conqueror; for had <HI>Cae&s;ar</HI> &s;ometimes lo&s;t, they would haue growne wea|ry. This branch came fir&s;t from the root of &s;ucce&s;&s;e,
<PB REF="33"> &s;econded by &s;ome gallant &s;pirits of <HI>Cae&s;ars</HI> &s;ide, emu|lated by their followers, rewarded by <HI>Cae&s;ar;</HI> both held the hearts of the &s;ouldiers by liberality, the onely meanes to make them apt for great matters, and his meanes that attempts great matters, that which wee call the common good, this is a chiefe limbe of, the ingro&s;&s;ing which alienates the harts of &s;ubiects more then any thing, and with tho&s;e natures that mu&s;t feele the effects of vertue, with their hand: no doubt libe|rality makes them daring, the contrary, Cowards: <HI>Alexander</HI> maintained this hone&s;te&s;t, thankes to his Patrimony: for a &s;pirit that aimes at &s;o great matters, cannot determine tho&s;e things di&s;hone&s;t that are any thing auaileable. <HI>Suetonius</HI> &s;ayth of <HI>Cae&s;ar, Vrbes diru|it &s;aepius ob praedam quam delictum,</HI> an impardonable fault, for though fury, &s;mart, or rapine may carry the common Souldier pa&s;t the bounds of rea&s;on; yet &s;hould the Generals minde be &s;till one, and behold nothing with &s;o much loue as iu&s;tice, but this was the violence of Ambition, who dares di&s;plea&s;e right, then her a&s;&s;i&s;tants. <HI>Cae&s;ar,</HI> after his victories, v&s;ed to giue his &s;ouldiers an accu&s;tomed liberty, a pre&s;ident for all the &s;ucce&s;&s;e dangerous, for of all rewards and incouragements, libertie is the mo&s;t dangerous to the giuer. Contrariwi&s;e, <HI>Alexander</HI> then curbed his Souldiers, doubting in&s;olency, the de&s;tinate di&s;ea&s;e of &s;ucce&s;&s;e, which he did by giuing education to the Per&s;ian youth, and after imploying them, a de&s;igne full of wi&s;edome, for his conque&s;ts hauing layd all things at her feete, they had no need of his directi|on, but hee of their loyalties, which had they found, and found before his po&s;&s;e&s;&s;ion of other &s;trengths, doubtle&s;&s;e they would haue made him their &s;laue,
<PB REF="33"> that counted him&s;elfe Monarch of the World: but this I find it di&s;co~modious, to rely vpon one a&s;&s;i&s;tant, for two are not &s;o likely to fayle as one; and to &s;ay truth, both will be the more true, becau&s;e they are two. Equally did they &s;ubiect their bodies to ray&s;e their reputations, they knew the force of example, and re|&s;trayned appetite for honours &s;ake. <HI>Alexander</HI> would not adde to the thir&s;t of his companions, with the quenching of his owne. <HI>Cae&s;ar</HI> in a &s;traight lodging gaue his friends the hou&s;e, and lay him&s;elf in the ayre; I cannot &s;ay in the cold, for he that is wrapt in the fie|ry thoughts of ambition, cannot feele heate nor cold, nor any of the&s;e di&s;temperatures: it is idlene&s;&s;e that betraies vs to the opinion of aches and infirmities; for he that imploies his minde, carrieth his body about without feeling the burthen: the v&s;e of the&s;e is an ex|cellent remedy again&s;t enuy, meane fortunes thinking greatne&s;&s;e, loues greatne&s;&s;e to nouri&s;h delicacy; but this is di&s;proued by partaking with their extremities. Both intertained a &s;weetne&s;&s;e of nature in bewayling the mi&s;ery or death of their enemies, which, whether it came from the grounds of clemency, or otherwi&s;e to wrap &s;ome other purpo&s;e in, is hardly to be di&s;cer|ned, for there is no &s;uch counterfaiter to the life, as an a&s;piring di&s;po&s;ition: Thus <HI>Cae&s;ar</HI> &s;ate vp the &s;tatues of <HI>Silla</HI> and <HI>Pompey;</HI> thus <HI>Alexander</HI> kindly and hone&s;tly entertained the wife and mother of <HI>Darius: Cae&s;ar</HI> took to mercy the relikes of <HI>Pompeys</HI> ouerthrowne Army: <HI>Alexander</HI> &s;uffered the mother of <HI>Darius</HI> to &s;olemnize the burials of his &s;laine enemies, which compa&s;&s;ion is the onely balme to heale vp the wound of reuenge. La&s;tly, <HI>Cae&s;ar</HI> wept at the &s;ight of <HI>Pompeys</HI> head: and <HI>Alexander</HI> &s;harply executed the murtherer of <HI>Darius;</HI>
<PB REF="34"> In the fir&s;t, I &s;ee how pretily di&s;&s;imulation can apply her &s;elfe &s;ometimes; for &s;urely <HI>Cae&s;ar</HI> felt no remor&s;e in the hardne&s;&s;e of his labours, &s;uch thoughts attend decay'd e&s;tates, not the &s;ummer of fortune. In the o|ther, one death &s;erues two turnes, for death rewarded him, and death mitigated the rancor, likely to &s;pring out of the a&s;hes of <HI>Darius.</HI> About con&s;piracies, <HI>Alex|ander</HI> &s;pake as <HI>Cae&s;ar</HI> thought, <HI>Satius e&s;t, alieno me mori &s;celere, quam metu meo,</HI> they might haue liued longer, if they had been of another minde; yet I thinke they cho&s;e well, for they cho&s;e the ea&s;ie&s;t: for feare runnes diui&s;ion vpon death, euery thought being an in&s;tru|ment of torment, at the end they meete in the la&s;t cour&s;e of greatne&s;&s;e: <HI>Alexander</HI> was a King, and would needs be a god: <HI>Cae&s;ar,</HI> becau&s;e not a King, a King; thus doe the baits of fortune coozen vs, and &s;tuffe vs with mon&s;trous and vnnatural thoughts; they dyed both violent deaths, the end of violent ambiti|on: for who mi&s;likes not that one &s;hould po&s;&s;e&s;&s;e &s;o much of honour, fame and dominion as would &s;erue many?</P>
<P><HI>Octauius</HI> comes againe, who&s;e beginning to &s;peake, re&s;embles his life, bu&s;ie in the &s;eparating enuy and greatne&s;&s;e, which he did by giuing euery &s;tate a ta&s;te of his gouernment: by turnes they felt it all, euen the meane&s;t and younge&s;t, the &s;ure&s;t &s;trengthener of au|thority: only this Prince gaue occa&s;ion leaue to chu&s;e, which was to be entertained of peace or warres: an excellent temper, the which many of his Predece&s;|&s;ors and Succe&s;&s;ors had lo&s;t by, whiles they regarded not which was mo&s;t fit for their Countries, but which was mo&s;t fitting their natures: it were too long to touch all the particulars of his life; let it &s;uffice, they
<PB REF="34"> all tended to &s;ettle the troubled e&s;tate of his time, the te&s;timonies of di&s;honour that the Romanes &s;uffered vnder <HI>Cra&s;&s;us</HI> and <HI>Anthonie,</HI> by the hands of the Par|thians, he &s;olued, as much as the re&s;toring the mili|tary ornaments, are&s;ted by the Victors might, which witne&s;&s;eth wi&s;edome is a more preuailing a&s;&s;i&s;ter then &s;trength; hee enforced all the Knights of Rome, to yeeld an account of their liues, an ordinance, looke on which &s;ide you will, full of health, for idlene&s;&s;e brings barrenne&s;&s;e; his Epi&s;tle to his adopted &s;onne illu|&s;trates another l<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="UOM" EXTENT="1 letter">mbe of his wi&s;edome: <HI>Noli in hac re nimium indignari, quenquam e&s;&s;e qui de me male loqua|tur, &amp;c.</HI> The&s;e ill &s;peakers are rather trouble&s;ome then dangerous, an humour ari&s;ing rather out of &s;ome light pa&s;&s;ion or wanton gadding of the tongue, then from malice; who is more &s;ilent, more full of poy&s;on; ouer tho&s;e care, but ouer the other, neglect is the be&s;t medicine: he refu&s;ed the name of <HI>Dictator,</HI> though his authority farre exceeded it, the onely cour&s;e to make greatne&s;&s;e &s;tand firmely; for by the common eye, names are more plainely &s;eene, then executions, which &s;ilently enioy a more ample and &s;afe rule, then tho&s;e that make their titles march before their power. Our Dialogui&s;t omits &s;ome, and I &s;ome.</P>
<P><HI>Traiane</HI> &s;peakes next, a Prince full of merits; e&s;pe|cially in his warlike actions, but me thinkes it was to the &s;ame end, that he made warre vpon a Country: <HI>&s;ed reuera id bellum &s;u&s;cepit adductus gloriae cupiditate;</HI> it often falls out thus, and as often that our di&s;po&s;iti|ons without any great paines giue vs pretty graces: therefore &s;ay I, a young man not couetous, and an olde man no lecher, de&s;erues neither thanks nor mar|uell, but their exchange doth well, come they from
<PB REF="35"> what cau&s;e they will, they are well; he was an excel|lent Prince, and that title his &s;ubiects gaue him, <HI>opti|mus cognominatus e&s;t,</HI> he de&s;erued it for he ab&s;tained as much from depriuing his &s;ubiects fro~ their goods, as from vnlawfull &s;laughters, both the one and the o|ther, the maine vertues of a Prince, for to pill them, is no le&s;&s;e horrible, then the tutor of an Infant to betray his charge, the other is bloudy, which though their ielo&s;ies thinke the way of freedome, they are decei|ued; for an vniu&s;t death rai&s;eth tenne enemies out of one: <HI>Non ei vnquam accidit (quod <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="UOM" EXTENT="1 letter">uenire in huiu&s;modi &s;olet) vt millites feroces &s;e &amp; in&s;olentes praebuerint,</HI> as great a prai&s;e as memory can giue a Commander; for nothing is &s;o &s;ure an euidence of a wi&s;e man, as to bring his &s;ouldiers to fetch all their determinations from him, and not to let them entertaine in&s;olency, when victors; nor ba&s;ene&s;&s;e, when vanqui&s;hed; but &s;till to reade his will, and to hold that will a lawe: hee carefully vi&s;ited the wounded, honourably buried the dead, marched on foote with them, &s;uffered part of their extremities. I like this better then the &s;aluting them <HI>commilitones:</HI> &s;uffer with them, giue them, care for them; but no fellowes, nor companions; the&s;e words kill all the actions of greatne&s;&s;e, of commi&s;e|ration, of pitie, with contempt; for neuer can one man play two parts well, you cannot bee their Iudge and companion; for this equality taketh away the re|gard of your &s;entence: loue them, but doe not play with them.</P>
<P><HI>Marcus</HI> enters, a &s;lowe wi&s;e fellow, who&s;e opinion was; <HI>non decere Imperatorem, propere quicquam agere:</HI> I like con&s;ideration well, but not to &s;ticke fa&s;t vpon a de&s;igne; &s;ure he was naturally a dull flegmaticke fel|low;
<PB REF="35"> and &s;o was hone&s;t whether he would or no, he &s;ayth little in this Dialogue, and little is &s;ayd to him; but only he was a wi&s;e man, becau&s;e he knew when to &s;peake, and when to hold his peace, which is wi&s;|dome, but the lowe&s;t forme of wi&s;edome: for the highe&s;t is, when to doe and not to doe. <HI>Post hunc Con&s;tantium vt diceret, admonuerunt;</HI> vnder this Prince things of note were done; but not by him: thus &s;earch the diuine natures into mens actions, the &s;trength of who&s;e &s;ight, is neither to be deceiued, nor corrupted; he rooted out two Tyrants, not hee but him&s;elfe the fir&s;t, being weake and &s;lothfull, two di&s;ea&s;es that make the thus di&s;ea&s;ed, vncapable of great matters; the other, being the impediment of fortune, had the impediment of age, a heauy clogge and the oppo&s;ite to expedition: both of them had both the mi&s;like of God and men, and would haue ruined them&s;elues without helpe: he was &s;ubiect to delicacy and luxury, which being vices vncounter|uailed with vertue, made him reiected of the gods, and bani&s;hed into the orbe of the Moone: the Au|thor thinkes he enforced not enough how behoue|full the&s;e warres were to the world, rooting out Ty|rants, (the cur&s;e of mankinde) where <HI>Cae&s;ar</HI> and o|thers made their ambition de&s;troy their Country|men, and &s;ubuert their Common-wealths; the re&s;t, or at lea&s;t many of them, picking quarrels with their neighbours to feed their owne in&s;atiable appetite: <HI>Si quis &s;inus obditus vltra, &s;i qua foret tellus quae fuluum mittere aurum, ho&s;tis erat;</HI> but others faults mend not his, and perhaps it was his enemies that made his quarrell good, for be they neuer &s;o worthy, am|bitious Princes will finde cau&s;es to be trouble&s;ome.</P>
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