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<REVDESCR>
<CHANGE>
<DATE>2014-07-10</DATE>
<RESPSTMT>
<NAME>Colm MacCrossan</NAME>
<RESP>MURP</RESP>
</RESPSTMT>
<ITEM>Proofed and reviewed. Includes 23-page MS: 'A DISCOVRSE of the lawle&s;&s;e intru&s;ion of PARSONS &amp; VICARS upon the profe&s;sion of Phi&s;icke with the Ab&s;urditie of the same &amp;c", from REF="95"'</ITEM>
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<IDG S="marc" R="OX" ID="B13595">
<STC T="S">11180</STC>
<STC T="C">S102442</STC>
<BIBNO T="umi">99838227</BIBNO>
<VID>2594</VID>
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<TEXT LANG="eng">
<FRONT>
<DIV1 TYPE="title page">
<PB REF="1" MS="y">
<PB REF="1" MS="y">
<P>THE ARRAIGNMENT OF VRINES: WHEREIN ARE SET downe the manifold errors and abu&s;es of ignorant Vrine-monging <HI>Empirickes,</HI> cozening <HI>Quack&s;aluers, women-phy&s;itians,</HI> and the like &s;tuffe: Confining the <HI>vrines</HI> within their owne li&s;ts and li|mits; and adding &s;uch Caueats and Cautions to the in|&s;pection and iudgement of Di&s;ea&s;es by the &s;ame, as haue not hitherto by any beene ob&s;erued. <HI>And for the Readers recreation, illu&s;trated with many plea&s;ant and delectable Hi&s;tories.</HI> Collected and gathered as well out of the mo&s;t ancient, as the moderne and late Phy&s;itians of our time: and written fir&s;t in the Latine Tongue, and diuided into three Bookes by <HI>Peter Forrest D. in Phy&s;icke,</HI> and natiue of the Towne of <HI>Alcmare</HI> in <HI>Holland.</HI> And for the benefit of our <HI>Briti&s;h Nations</HI> newly epitomized, and tran&s;lated inte our Engli&s;h Tongue by IAMES HART D^r. in the fore&s;aid Faculty, and re&s;iding in the towne of <HI>Northampton.</HI></P>
<Q><LG>
<L><HI>Fingunt &s;e medicos omnes, Idiota, Sacerdos,</HI></L>
<L><HI>Iudaeus, Monachus, Hi&s;trio, Ra&s;or, Anus.</HI></L>
</LG>
<LG>
<L>Each dunce would diue in Phy&s;icks depth, both pari&s;h Prie&s;t and Iew:</L>
<L>The Barber bold, Monke, Stage-player, and eke the women crew.</L>
</LG></Q>
<P><HI>OR,</HI></P>
<Q><LG>
<L>Phy&s;itians all men faine them&s;elues; Prie&s;ts, Monkes, Iewes, Barbers, Fooles,</L>
<L>Stage-players, Women, multitudes, that neuer learn'd in Schooles.</L>
</LG></Q>
<P><HI>LONDON,</HI> Printed by <HI>G. Eld</HI> for <HI>Robert Mylbourne,</HI> and are to be &s;old at his &s;hop at the great South doore of Pauls. 1623.</P>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 TYPE="dedication">
<PB REF="2">
<PB REF="2">
<HEAD>TO THE HIGH AND MIGHTY PRINCE <HI>CHARLES</HI> PRINCE OF <HI>WALES.</HI></HEAD>
<P>_IT was the &s;aying of the wi&s;e&s;t among men, <HI>(high &amp; mighty Prince) In the multitude of peo|ple is the Kings honor, but in the want of people is the de&s;truction of a Prince.</HI> And for this cau&s;e as well the Law of <HI>God,</HI> as the con&s;titu|tions of men haue hembd in the furious affections of vnruly and di&s;orderly per&s;ons, le&s;t to the detri|ment and danger of their neighbour, they &s;hould runne at randome beyond the rules of rea&s;on, in murthering and ma&s;&s;acring him whom the Al|mighty had made according to his owne image and holine&s;&s;e. Now as there is no crime &s;o enor|mious, but it may be ma&s;qued with the mantle of
<PB REF="3"> &s;ome vertue: &s;o is there a &s;ort of people who pur|cha&s;ing to them&s;elues credit, with the too-too cre|dulous multitude, doe vnder a plau&s;ible pretence of health, not onely &s;ucke the &s;ub&s;tance from the deluded multitude, but often precipitate their bodies into <HI>Charons</HI> boat. Of whom a learned late Writer &s;aid well, that the&s;e people were more pernitious to a Common-wealth, then the com|mon cut-throats by the high-way &s;ides. All which offenders are not a little encouraged, by the ordi|nary in&s;pection of <HI>vrines,</HI> as it is at this day not without great preiudice to the publique, euery where practi&s;ed.</P>
<P>Among&s;t many who haue &s;tood in the gap a|gain&s;t this abu&s;e, none hath handled this &s;ubiect more plainly and to better purpo&s;e, then this pre|&s;ent Author, whom for this cau&s;e I haue of a &s;tranger vndertaken to make a Free-denizon, and to &s;peake the language of this Land. As for my &s;elfe, &s;ilence had beene more &s;ecure, and more &s;afe for me to haue kept within the harbor, then to launce out into the deep and tempe&s;tuous Sea of mens cen&s;orious humours. But all the barkings and &s;narlings of the mo&s;t enuious <HI>Momes</HI> &amp; <HI>Zoiles</HI> being weighed in the &s;cales again&s;t the publique good, will bee found too light, being e&s;pecially &s;hrowded vnder the wings of &s;o mighty a <HI>Maecoe|nas</HI> as your &s;elfe.</P>
<P>Neyther is it any new thing that great Princes haue beene affectioned fauourers of <HI>Phy&s;icke,</HI> and <HI>Phy&s;itians.</HI> Hence haue we the name of <HI>Mithri|dates</HI> daign'd vnto a noble Phy&s;icall compounded
<PB REF="3"> Antidote: of <HI>Gentius</HI> the <HI>Illyrian</HI> king to the hearb <HI>Gentian:</HI> of <HI>Ly&s;imachus</HI> to the hearb <HI>Ly&s;imachia,</HI> &amp;c But that I may come yet a little neerer, it is recor|ded that one of your <HI>Highne&s;&s;e</HI> Ance&s;tors, and &s;ometimes King in the Northerne part of this Iland, compo&s;ed certaine phy&s;icall Canons. And another King of the &s;ame de&s;cent is recor|ded to haue attained to that skill in curing of wounds <HI>(a branch of Surgery, being it &s;elfe one of the parts of Phy&s;icke)</HI> that many noble Families of that Kingdome hauing from him acquired this skill, haue with their inheritances tran&s;mitted the &s;ame to their Succe&s;&s;ors. But hath not our bright morning &s;tarre, the purcha&s;er of our <HI>peace,</HI> of whom your <HI>Highnes</HI> hath his being, and on whom the eyes of the <HI>European Princes</HI> are now &s;et, as in other Arts and liberall Sciences, &s;o likewi&s;e in this Profe&s;&s;ion, manife&s;ted &s;o profound knowledge, as one would thinke the oracle of <HI>Ae&s;culapius</HI> had beene committed to his cu&s;tody? And as the great Commander of this Vniuer&s;e hath &s;ingled you out for a Succe&s;&s;or to &s;o great Countries and Kingdomes; &s;o doe I not doubt but he will make you &s;uch a patterne of pietie, and endue you with &s;o noble and heroicall vertues, fit for &s;o high and mighty a calling, as the after-ages &s;hall haue cau&s;e to ble&s;&s;e the memory of your name.</P>
<P>And if names <HI>(how&s;oeuer of no validity in them|&s;elues)</HI> doe yet often call to minde the noble ver|tues and heroicall exploits of our Predece&s;&s;ors, and incite vs to a laudable imitation of the &s;ame: of what name &s;hall we finde more magnanimous and
<PB REF="4"> couragious Champions, and better acquainted with the affaires of <HI>Mars</HI> and <HI>Minerua?</HI> Among&s;t many I will &s;ingle out but three, which &s;hall &s;erue in &s;tead of many moe.</P>
<P>The noble and heroicall exploits of that euer-renowned worthy Champion <HI>Charles Martell</HI> de|&s;eruing eternall memory, the famous <HI>Tours</HI> can yet te&s;tifie; whereas aboue three hundred and &s;euenty thou&s;and of the mi&s;creant <HI>Saracenicall nation,</HI> did affright not onely <HI>France,</HI> but euen <HI>Italy</HI> it &s;elfe, and the <HI>Pope</HI> notwith&s;tanding his triple Crowne, with all his Clergy, was not a little amazed; and yet were by this valiant Champion vtterly ouer|thrown, leauing their dead carkei&s;es for a te&s;timo|nie of his triumphant victory. It would be too tedious to relate the re&s;t of his heroicall acts and exploits, as well again&s;t the fore-named Nation, as many others al&s;o.</P>
<P>But if I &s;hould enter vpon the acts of him who de&s;cended lineally out of his loynes in the &s;econd generation, that noble <HI>Charles,</HI> called, and that not without cau&s;e, <HI>Great,</HI> as he was not in word but in very deed al&s;o, I &s;carce &s;hould know where to be|ginne. And howbeit his famous acts again&s;t the <HI>Saxons</HI> and <HI>Saracens,</HI> and &s;undry other nations, to|gether with the managing of the We&s;terne Em|pire, were great and glorious: yet were they farre inferiour to his other acts in planting and propa|gating true pietie; witne&s;&s;e the foundation of &s;o many Churches and religious places, with rents and reuennues alotted for the maintaining of the &s;eruice of the Almighty. So farre did this magna|nimous
<PB REF="4"> Monarch differ from the iudgement of the a&s;crilegious Church-robbing Great-men of our dayes. What &s;hall I &s;ay of his &s;ingular loue to let|ters and learned men? witne&s;&s;e the founding of the two famous Vniuer&s;ities of <HI>Paris</HI> and <HI>Pauie.</HI> As for his religious life in priuate, his con&s;tant and carefull performance of the duties of pietie, they are but &s;eldome to be &s;eene in Princes of that emi|nency and might. So that of him I may iu&s;tly &s;ay that he de&s;erueth to be paralleld with the greate&s;t Princes, and to be enrolled among the Worthies of the world.</P>
<P>Another great and mighty <HI>Charles</HI> the Chri&s;ti|an world hath of later dayes produced: I meane that famous Emperour, the fift of that name, the glory of the <HI>Au&s;trian</HI> Hou&s;e. Who&s;e valiant ex|ploits again&s;t both <HI>Chri&s;tians</HI> and <HI>Infidels,</HI> together with the captiuating of the <HI>French</HI> King had made his name and fame immortall: if hee had not too ba&s;ely abandoned him&s;elfe to the performance of the will and plea&s;ure of the Pope and his Shaue|lings, e&s;pecially tho&s;e lawle&s;&s;e Locu&s;ts, I meane the <HI>Loiolites,</HI> the Phari&s;ies of our age, and in blind zeale bathed his Blade in the blood of his mo&s;t faithfull and tru&s;ty Subiects: whom therefore God &s;uffered to be pur&s;ued by his owne Subiect <HI>Maurice</HI> Duke of <HI>Saxony,</HI> by whom al&s;o hee was forced to yeeld to &s;uch conditions as did much of|fu&s;cate the &s;plendor of his former victories. And would to God that great <HI>Henry</HI> of <HI>France</HI> of fa|mous memory, hauing taken warning by the at|tempt which lighted on his teeth, and not being
<PB REF="5"> circumuented by the &s;oft and woolly words of that cunning <HI>Coton,</HI> had not &s;uffered tho&s;e infer|nall Furies euer to take footing any more in that famous Kingdome of <HI>France,</HI> then perhaps, had wee not had the&s;e fires of di&s;&s;ention kindled, nor heard that one Subiect &s;hould vn&s;heath his &s;word to bath it in his Chri&s;tian brothers blood. And I hope that the Princes and Potentates of the Chri|&s;tian world will now learne to be wi&s;e, and to bee warned by other mens harmes. But to our <HI>Charles</HI> againe, I thinke it may well bee &s;aid of him as of <HI>Dauids</HI> Worthies, that he was honourable among many, yet attained not to the former two. But one thing yet worthy remembrance in this worthy Prince I cannot pa&s;&s;e by; that when as that &s;car|let Whore, by her fawning and flattering demea|nor, had drawne the affections of this Prince to|wards her, &amp; according to her accu&s;tomed change|ablene&s;&s;e and mutability (e&s;pecially when greater gaine is offered) &s;hewing him a tricke of her old trade, in entertaining another louer: this generous Prince not able to dige&s;t &s;o hainous iniuries, did captiuate the triple Crowne, &s;acking the &s;eat and City of this abominable Bea&s;t, and di&s;charging the Papall authority through all the Spani&s;h Do|minions, left worthy pre&s;ident to all po&s;terity, that the Kingdome of <HI>Spaine,</HI> as well as her neighbour Nations, could make a pretty &s;hift without the Papall power.</P>
<P>In the&s;e three Worthies all manner of morall vertues, as al&s;o what&s;oeuer concerneth either mi|litary or Martiall di&s;cipline, together with the
<PB REF="5"> practices of piety and peace are liuely pourtraied and painted forth vnto vs. And our vndoubted hopes &amp; pre&s;ages of your <HI>Highne&s;&s;e</HI> are &s;uch, that one day the very extract and quinte&s;&s;ence of &s;uch heroicall vertues &s;hall plainly bee &s;eene to haue taken vp their &s;eat and habitation in your &s;elfe; the ripe fruit whereof &s;hall be reaped not by this Iland only, but by the whole Chri&s;tian world, when God in his owne appointed time &s;hall call you to &s;way the Scepter of the&s;e hereditary Kingdomes. Now your <HI>Highne&s;&s;e</HI> accu&s;tomed clemency and courteous entertainment of learning with the la|bours of the learned, haue emboldned me, how|beit the meane&s;t among many more able and &s;uffi|cient then my &s;elfe, to pre&s;ent vnto your <HI>High|ne&s;&s;e</HI> the&s;e my rude labours; the which not my &s;elfe alone, but many more of refined iudgement, haue thought fit to publi&s;h for the good of the publique.</P>
<P>Let it therefore plea&s;e your <HI>Princely</HI> patience to accept of this fir&s;t part of the fir&s;t fruits of my labours, vntill the &s;econd part may &s;ee the light of the Sunne, which likewi&s;e longeth for, and relieth vpon the patronage of &s;o great a <HI>Prince;</HI> be&s;eech|ing your <HI>Highne&s;&s;e</HI> to accept of it, not according to the worth, but the will and good affection of him who doth pre&s;ent it. Thus did our gracious God in the building of the Tabernacle, accept as well of Goats haire and Badgers skinnes, as of &s;il|uer, and gold, and precious &s;tones, &s;carlet, purple, blew, and fine linnen. And the poore Widowes mite was accepted of according to the bountiful|ne&s;&s;e
<PB REF="6"> of her mind. The mighty Monarch <HI>Artax|erxes</HI> al&s;o accepted kindly at the hand of <HI>Sinetas</HI> the <HI>Per&s;ian</HI> his entertainment with a cup of cold water taken out of the Riuer <HI>Cyrus.</HI></P>
<P>Now being con&s;cious to my &s;elfe, that my good and forward affection is nothing inferior, hauing no better gift for the pre&s;ent, I hope this my paines &s;hall find no wor&s;e entertainment at your <HI>Highne&s;&s;e</HI> hands. And thus &s;hall I pray for your <HI>Highne&s;&s;e</HI> happy and pro&s;perous e&s;tate; with the abundance of all good things in this life, and endle&s;&s;e happine&s;&s;e in the life to come: and &s;hall euer remaine</P>
<CLOSER><SIGNED>Your Highne&s;&s;es mo&s;t humble, affectionate and dutifull &s;eruant, for euer to be commanded, <HI>I. HART.</HI></SIGNED></CLOSER>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 TYPE="to the reader">
<PB REF="6">
<HEAD>To the courteous READER,</HEAD>
<P>_GEntle Reader, if euer errors in any Art proued pernicious, I thinke none of meane capacity will deny that in the faculty of <HI>Phy&s;icke</HI> they are not of the lea&s;t annoyance. Amongst many others, the abu&s;es committed in the iudgement of di&s;ea&s;es by the in&s;pection of the <HI>vrine</HI> onely, haue beene &s;o great and &s;o many, that for the &s;ubduing of the &s;ame is required the helpe of &s;ome mighty <HI>Hercules.</HI> Amongst diuers others who haue oppo&s;ed them&s;elues again&s;t the &s;ayd errors and abu&s;es, none haue more fully, and more pertinently handled this &s;ubiect then this our Author. And becau&s;e the vulgar &s;ort of people is mo&s;t &s;ubiect to be en&s;nared, and mo&s;t obuious to euery error, my chiefe ayme and end therefore hath beene, as much as in me lyeth, to free them from impo&s;ture and cozenage, by communicating to them this Treati&s;e in our owne vul|gar tongue. It cannot indeed be denied that <HI>vrines</HI> haue for many yeares beene mo&s;t ba&s;ely abu&s;ed. If I &s;hould &s;ay that in this Kingdome this abu&s;e hath not a little beene improued, I thinke I &s;hould &s;ay nothing be&s;ides the truth. Witne&s;&s;e &s;o many ignorant <HI>Empirickes, women-phy|&s;itians,</HI> with a many of our &s;aucy <HI>Surgeons,</HI> and many moe, who by their pretended and &s;uppo&s;ed skill in the
<PB REF="7">
<GAP DESC="duplicate" RESP="OXF" EXTENT="1 page">
<PB REF="7">
<GAP DESC="duplicate" RESP="OXF" EXTENT="1 page">
<PB REF="8"> in&s;pection of <HI>vrines,</HI> doe a&s;&s;ume vnto them&s;elues a law|le&s;&s;e liberty of encroaching vpon that profe&s;sion wherein they were neuer in&s;tructed nor trained vp. But at this I doe not &s;o much maruell, but rather to &s;ee &s;ome of the Tribe of <HI>Leui,</HI> who &s;hould &s;ound out with their voyces like Trumpets again&s;t all &s;innes, to be them&s;elues inuolued in this &s;inne of <HI>Couetou&s;ne&s;&s;e.</HI> For what&s;oeuer other pretence they make, it may plainly appeare, that it is no|thing el&s;e but a <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">arment of figge leaues which will neuer couer their nakedne&s;&s;e. Is it not apparent that many of our <HI>Par&s;ons</HI> and <HI>Vicars</HI> in this Kingdome, as though they were of the &s;ecret coun&s;ell of <HI>Ae&s;culapius,</HI> or had digged out of the graue the gho&s;t of that famous <HI>Hippo|crates,</HI> or el&s;e with &s;ome <HI>Pythagoricall</HI> tran&s;lation of the &s;oules of all the mo&s;t famous <HI>Phy&s;itians,</HI> the skill were conueyed vnto them; they haue like v&s;urpers, in|truded vpon other mens right? Now that preaching of the word, with the dependances of the &s;ame, and practi|&s;ing of <HI>Phy&s;icke,</HI> are in the word of God two &s;euerall di&s;tinct callings, I thinke cannot be denied. And in the &s;econd place, that the practice of the one hindreth the per|formance of the other as it ought: tho&s;e that well weigh the weight of both callings, their &s;euerall &s;ubiects, large extents, paines, and labour to be imployed about either of them, mu&s;t needs confe&s;&s;e, that who&s;oeuer will con&s;cio|nably performe the worke of the Mini&s;tery as hee ought, &s;hall therein finde worke enough without medling with the health of the body. And be&s;ides, the preiudice to the common good, may hence euidently appeare, that often at one and the &s;ame in&s;tant, each of the&s;e callings demandeth his per&s;onall pre&s;ence.</P>
<P>All the charge our Lord and Sauiour gaue to <HI>Peter,</HI>
<PB REF="8"> was to feed his flocke, and that reiterated three &s;euerall times. And this was the charge committed to all the A|po&s;tles and other Mini&s;ters of the word. As for the curing of Di&s;ea&s;es, it was both miraculous and la&s;ted but for a time, they being as free from couetou&s;ne&s;&s;e and pecuni|ary traffique, as ours at this time are addicted vnto the &s;ame. The holy Apo&s;tle <HI>Paul</HI> willeth euery man <HI>to abide in the &s;ame calling</HI> (not <HI>callings) wherein hee was called:</HI> and in another place; <HI>Mini&s;ters mu&s;t wait on the Mini&s;tery:</HI> and, <HI>Let euery man meddle with his bu&s;ine&s;&s;e with quietne&s;&s;e.</HI> Now how &s;mall account &s;o|euer the&s;e men make of the mini&s;teriall function, the charge is &s;o great, and the account &s;o &s;trict, that Saint <HI>Chry&s;o&s;tome</HI> &s;aith, <HI>He wondreth that any Bi&s;hop or Mini&s;ter can be &s;aued. Ammonius</HI> al&s;o being vrged with a Bi&s;hopricke, cut off his right eare, that &s;uch defor|mity might be a Canonicall impediment. May it not then plainly appeare that <HI>Ye take too much vpon you, ye Sonnes of Leui.</HI></P>
<P>Their colourable excu&s;e of doing good to their neigh|bour, is to &s;mall purpo&s;e: for then were it lawfull for euery man to meddle with another mans profe&s;sion, then might the <HI>Lawyer</HI> become a <HI>Phy&s;itian,</HI> the <HI>Phy&s;itian</HI> a <HI>Diuine,</HI> and the <HI>Diuine</HI> all three. Indeed the <HI>Lawyer</HI> hath likewi&s;e &s;ome cau&s;e to complaine: for &s;ome of our <HI>Par&s;ons,</HI> I heare, are bu&s;ied with making Wils and Te&s;ta|ments, Deeds, and Conueyances, and what not? But the <HI>Lawyer</HI> is old enough to plead his owne cau&s;e. But God is the God of order, not of confu&s;ion; and neuer did allow of this confu&s;ed <HI>Chaos</HI> of callings.</P>
<P>Now a<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> the&s;e men are iu&s;tly to be blamed, &s;o in like manner &s;uch as are occa&s;ions of their di&s;tractions mu&s;t
<PB REF="9"> needs al&s;o de&s;erue &s;ome reprehen&s;ions. It is not the part of an hone&s;t man either to incourage or countenance &s;o pernicious di&s;tractions and confu&s;ions in a Chri&s;tian Common-wealth. The Princely Prophet <HI>Dauid</HI> would not drinke of the water that was purcha&s;ed with the perill of mens liues. And is it not apparent that the&s;e mens negligence endangereth the &s;oules of their flockes, while they care mo&s;t for their fleeces.</P>
<P>But it is ea&s;ier for me to reprehend this di&s;order, then to amend it. Would to God tho&s;e that haue the &s;alue would apply it to this &s;ore; to the end that this foule <HI>Vlcer</HI> &s;pread it &s;elfe no further to the annoyance both of Church and Common-wealth. As for my &s;elfe, the loue and re|&s;pect I beare vnto the publique good, together with the vindicating of our <HI>Ae&s;culapian</HI> Art from abu&s;e as much as in me lyeth, haue beene the chiefe meanes which mo|ued me to impart the&s;e my paines to the publique, being not a little animated hereunto by the Author him&s;elfe, who towards the latter end of this Di&s;cour&s;e hopeth for the publication thereof in vulgar tongues. Howbeit I doe not deny but I haue euer beene as auer&s;e as any from the publication of any &s;uch <HI>Phy&s;icke</HI> bookes in our vulgar tongue, as might giue the lea&s;t incouragement to ignorant Droanes and Dunces, wherewith this Kingdome doth &s;o abound. And I haue euer wi&s;hed that &s;ome of our pro|fe&s;sion would employ their paines to &s;ome better purpo&s;e. For as the in&s;pection of <HI>Vrines,</HI> as it is now practi&s;ed is one; &s;o is the writing or tran&s;lating of <HI>Phy&s;ick</HI> practicall books in the Engli&s;h tongue another ba~d which much em|boldneth this kind of people to proceed in their erronious cour&s;e. As for that idle and more then threed-bare ob|iection of the pleaders for this abu&s;e, it is of no force nor
<PB REF="9"> validity; to wit, that the abu&s;e ought not to take away the right v&s;e of the &s;ame: For while as the Booke pre|&s;cribeth a remedy for the di&s;ea&s;e in generall, yet can the ignorant Reader neuer thereby collect the &s;euerall cir|cum&s;tances in &s;uch a ca&s;e to be ob&s;erued; as the con&s;titu|tion of the patient, the manifold cau&s;es which may either inhibit the exhibiting, or yet indicate the altering thereof in quantity, quality, or both, with many moe circum&s;tan|ces, which are &s;o many and &s;o diuers, that they require no vulgar vnder&s;tanding to find them out; how&s;oeuer, &s;uch remedies, how ab&s;urd &s;oeuer, may at &s;ometimes be &s;econded by a pro&s;perous and wi&s;hed for &s;ucce&s;&s;e: which being but ca&s;uall, the cleere &s;ighted vnder&s;tanding will neuer tru&s;t to And therefore it may plainly appeare that there can be no right v&s;e of &s;uch Bookes. Be&s;ides, that they proue often occa&s;ions of procra&s;tinating and putting off the time and opportunity of asking &s;ound and learned aduice, vntill &s;uch time as irrecouerable occa&s;ion be pa&s;t, and <HI>He that would not when he might, now may not when he would.</HI> And whereas the pleaders for this practice would &s;eeme to haue gotten ground on vs by &s;heltring them&s;elues vnder the &s;hield of the ancient <HI>Greeke</HI> Phy&s;itians, to wit, that they follow the foot&s;teps of the famous ancient Fathers, <HI>Hippocrates, Galen,</HI> and his Api&s;h imitator <HI>Paulus Aegineta,</HI> with many moe: It is true that the&s;e worthy ancient Writers to pro|pagate to po&s;terity the precepts and rules of Art, toge|ther with manifold remedies, did couch them in the <HI>Greeke</HI> tongue, the which howbeit it was their vulgar and common &s;peech, yet neither was it their intent that they &s;hould be diuulged abroad amongst the vulgar peo|ple, neither yet could it then be &s;o preiudiciall as now
<PB REF="10">
<GAP DESC="duplicate" RESP="OXF" EXTENT="1 page">
<PB REF="10">
<GAP DESC="duplicate" RESP="OXF" EXTENT="1 page">
<PB REF="11"> adayes. Good rea&s;on had they to write them in the <HI>Greeke</HI> tongue, as being very famous, and by rea&s;on of the <HI>Macedonian Monarchy</HI> vnder <HI>Alexander</HI> and his &s;ucce&s;&s;ors, be&s;ides <HI>Europe,</HI> it was farre &s;pread in <HI>A&s;ia,</HI> and the copiou&s;ne&s;&s;e and elegancy gaue it no &s;mall grace and e&s;timation among many Nations. Now that it was neuer the intent of the&s;e learned men that tho&s;e Bookes which contained the whole my&s;teries of this Art &s;hould be diuulged abroad, may plainly appeare to all &s;uch as will not be ob&s;tinately ignorant, by the carefull keeping of them in their Temples and Oratories, their <HI>Prie&s;ts</HI> and <HI>South&s;ayers</HI> taking charge of them: as likewi&s;e that all who did profe&s;&s;e and practi&s;e this pro|fe&s;sion neere the &s;pace of a thou&s;and yeares, were de|&s;cended of the linage of old <HI>Ae&s;culapius;</HI> and there|fore their intent and purpo&s;e was onely to haue them inuiolably kept for their &s;ucce&s;&s;ors to be trained vp in the &s;ame profe&s;sion. And againe, that there was no &s;uch danger of diuulging them abroad in tho&s;e dayes is manife&s;t, in that the v&s;e of printing was not many hundreds of yeares after this knowne, by which means (&s;aith a learned man) more may be in one day di|&s;patched, then by more mens writings in a whole yeare.</P>
<P>Now among many other Phy&s;icke practicall Bookes &s;ome of our <HI>vrine bookes</HI> written in the Engli&s;h tongue, haue not a little emboldened a many ignorant bu&s;ie-bodies <HI>to thru&s;t their &s;ickle into another mans harue&s;t.</HI> Hence comes it to pa&s;&s;e, that any idle old trot, Cobler, or Co&s;tardmonger, vpon the reading of &s;uch a booke will &s;eem to pronounce &s;ome <HI>Delphian</HI> oracle by the <HI>vrine.</HI> The greatne&s;&s;e of which abu&s;e &s;o
<PB REF="11"> much encrea&s;ed in this Kingdome, hath occa&s;ioned me to take this cau&s;e in hand. And becau&s;e it doth chiefly ayme at the informing and rectifying of the iudgement of the deluded multitude, I am &s;o farre from affecting a high and &s;trained &s;tyle, that I haue euen accommodated my words as much as I could to the capacitie of the meane&s;t. And if this finde kinde entertainment at thy hand (kinde Reader) then &s;hall I be incouraged to publi&s;h vnto thy view another part concerning the &s;ame &s;ubiect, which I haue my &s;elfe collected out of a great number of ancient and late Writers, the chiefe contents whereof &s;hall be the&s;e:</P>
<P>The Tractate being diuided into two bookes, in the fir&s;t &s;hall be contained the authorities of &s;ome learned Phy&s;itians again&s;t this abu&s;e in generall, and then &s;hall the vncertainty of this &s;igne be &s;eene in &s;ome in|firmities where it is thought to be of greate&s;t force. Then &s;hall follow a confutation of the vulgar opinion of di&s;cerning of women with childe, as al&s;o of the &s;exe by the <HI>vrine:</HI> all illu&s;trated by the authorities of the learned at large, with pregnant proofes, and vnan|&s;werable arguments, wherunto are added &s;ome things de&s;umed from mine owne experimentall knowledge. In the &s;econd I proceed to a more particular &s;uruey fir&s;t of the regions of the <HI>vrine,</HI> then to the &s;ub&s;tance, quantity and qualitie: and in the qualities, fir&s;t to the &s;mell, then the chiefe colours of <HI>vrines,</HI> together with their manifold &s;euerall &s;trange contents: not o|mitting the circle or garland, &s;pume or froath, and bubbles, with other contents &s;wimming on the top. And before the Conclu&s;ion &s;hall follow the fond and fooli&s;h conceit &amp; opinion of &s;ome doating Alchymi&s;ts
<PB REF="12"> of our times concerning the di&s;tillation of <HI>vrines.</HI> All which &s;hall be pro&s;ecuted after the fore&s;aid plaine and per&s;picuous Method.</P>
<P>I intreat thee therefore (courteous Reader) that thou woulde&s;t be plea&s;ed to accept this my paines in as good part, as I haue beene willing to impart the &s;ame vnto thee for thy v&s;e and profit. And if thou wilt &s;et partialitie and by-re&s;pects a&s;ide, I make no doubt but thou &s;halt &s;ee, and plainly perceiue, that the great en|que&s;t here mentioned &s;hall finde it <HI>billa vera.</HI> And be|cau&s;e I would take away all excu&s;es from the delin|quents, and le&s;t with the Iewes they &s;hall &s;ay <HI>Doth our Law condemne a man before he be heard,</HI> I will therefore deferre the further pro&s;ecuting of this bu&s;ine&s;&s;e vntill another A&s;size, to &s;ee if the offenders can &s;ay any thing for them&s;elues. So cea&s;ing to abu&s;e thy patience any longer, and entreating thy charita|ble cen&s;ure of this my rude labour, I will here take my leaue of thee vntill the next occa&s;ion.</P>
<CLOSER><SIGNED>Thy well-wi&s;hing Friend, IAMES HART.</SIGNED></CLOSER>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 TYPE="table of contents">
<PB REF="12">
<HEAD>THE CONTENTS.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<HEAD>THE FIRST BOOKE.</HEAD>
<ITEM><HI>CHAP. 1.</HI> WHat &V;rine is.</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>CHAP. 2.</HI> Of the engendring of &V;rine, as al&s;o of the preparing of the blood, and the re&s;idue of the humours.</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>CHAP. 3.</HI> Of the &s;uperfluities &s;eque&s;tred and &s;et apart in each concoction, as al&s;o of that Vrine, which is in euery re&s;pect of a meane temperature, and therefore the be&s;t, and the cau&s;e of the &s;ame.</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>CHAP. 4.</HI> That the iudgement of di&s;ea&s;es had by the &s;ole in&s;pection of the Vrine is vncertaine, yea oftentimes dangerous, and that we ought not to repo&s;e any tru&s;t in the &s;ame.</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>CHAP. 5.</HI> That the &V;rine and the iudgement of di&s;ea&s;es by the &s;ame, is not in it &s;elfe &s;ufficient to giue vs full notice and &s;atisfaction of the whole &s;tate and nature of di&s;ea&s;es.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>THE SECOND BOOKE.</HEAD>
<ITEM><HI>CHAP. 1.</HI> OF the diuers and &s;undry cau&s;es which doe hinder the iudgement by vrine.</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>CHAP. 2.</HI> After what manner it commeth to pa&s;&s;e that &s;ometimes famous Phy&s;itians, not a little skilled in their profe&s;|&s;ion, may in the iudgement of Vrines be deceiued.</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>CHAP. 3.</HI> That <HI>Empiricke-Vrine-mongers, Mounte|bankes, Quack&s;aluers, Women-phy&s;itians,</HI> and the re&s;t of that rabble, by the in&s;pections of Vrines, doe rather tell lies then truth, the which notwith&s;tanding they per&s;wade the too-too cre|dulous, and &s;imple, vnlearned, and ignorant people, to be as true as &s;acred Oracles.</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>CHAP. 4.</HI> Of the impo&s;ture, fraud, deceit, and cunning trickes which wandring Water-mongers, roguing Empirickes, and &s;uch like cogging cozeners, doe v&s;e in deliuering their opi|nion concerning &V;rines.</ITEM>
<PB REF="13">
<ITEM><HI>CHAP. 5.</HI> Of the peruer&s;e, prepo&s;terous, and too-too cre|dulous &s;implicity of country people, ignorant idiots, and diuers others of that &s;tampe, together with their too great tru&s;t and fooli&s;h confidence which they repo&s;e in this diuining and conie|cturing by &V;rines.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>THE THIRD BOOKE.</HEAD>
<ITEM><HI>CHAP. 1.</HI> HOw and by what meanes this error of in&s;pection of Vrines in the Phy&s;itians hou&s;e hath had the fir&s;t beginning, being notwith&s;tanding nothing el&s;e but an vncertaine coniecture, and by the which doth redound more dammage and danger then pro|fit to the patient, and hath made this &s;o noble an Art, ba&s;e and contemptible in the eyes of mo&s;t men.</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>CHAP. 2.</HI> How nece&s;&s;ary and needfull a thing it were, that the &V;rine of &s;uch as be &s;icke be no more carried to the Phy&s;itians hou&s;e, but that rather they are to view them and giue out their iudgement vpon them in the patients owne hou&s;e, and that onely.</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>CHAP. 3.</HI> That vpon the &s;ole in&s;pection of the Vrine, reme|dies ought not to be pre&s;cribed to the &s;icke, except the Phy&s;itian being pre&s;ent by the~, fir&s;t ob&s;erue all the re&s;t of the &s;ignes, which doe in like manner belong to the perfect knowledge of the di&s;ea&s;e.</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>CHAP. 4.</HI> That there is a certaine method &amp; order of &s;ignes and cau&s;es, as al&s;o of di&s;ea&s;es, together with the accidents of the &s;ame, that there is al&s;o Scopes and ends, from the which againe the indications of curing are deriued, by meanes whereof, and not the bare in&s;pection of the &V;rine onely, the cure it &s;elfe is per|formed: by all which, as well the vtility as the nece&s;&s;ity of the pre&s;ence of the Phy&s;itian with his patient, is proued.</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>CHAP. 5.</HI> That remedies ought to be &s;ought from certaine &s;copes and indications, for the which cau&s;e &s;uch Phy&s;itians are to be blamed, who do vnadui&s;edly vpon the &s;ole &s;ight of the vrine pre&s;cribe their remedies.</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>CHAP. 6.</HI> Again&s;t &s;uch as doe pre&s;cribe and appoint reme|dies in their owne vulgar tongue, making the &s;ame common to euery one.</ITEM>
</LIST>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 TYPE="errata">
<PB REF="13">
<P>COurteous Reader, the principall faults e&s;caped, eyther by the negligence of the Copier out of this Di&s;cour&s;e, or otherwi&s;e; the Author him&s;elfe likewi&s;e being ab&s;ent and bu&s;ied about other imployments, I doe here pre&s;ent to thy view: and what thou &s;halt yet further, either in points or otherwi&s;e ob&s;erue omitted, they &s;hall be &s;o &s;mall, that I hope they &s;hall not de&s;erue too &s;harpe a cen&s;ure.</P>
<P><HI>PAg.</HI> 2. <HI>line</HI> 11. <HI>reade Gordonius. p.</HI> 4. <HI>l.</HI> 4. <HI>r.</HI> into its owne, &amp;c. <HI>l.</HI> 14. <HI>and el&s;ewhere, for</HI> mi&s;eraicall <HI>r. alwayes</HI> me&s;araicall. <HI>p.</HI> 5. <HI>l.</HI> 33. <HI>r.</HI> into the guts: <HI>p.</HI> 8. <HI>l.</HI> 5. <HI>r.</HI> conioyne, <HI>for</HI> containe. <HI>p</HI> 11. <HI>l.</HI> 4 <HI>r.</HI> &s;ubiect of, &amp;c. <HI>p.</HI> 13. <HI>l.</HI> 21. <HI>r.</HI> on the top. <HI>p.</HI> 15. <HI>l.</HI> 4. <HI>r. Leennius. p.</HI> 20 <HI>l</HI> 6. <HI>r. Taregua, as al&s;o in the marginall note, l.</HI> 25. <HI>r.</HI> principally. <HI>p.</HI> 24. <HI>l.</HI> 29. <HI>r.</HI> melancholicke. <HI>p.</HI> 26. <HI>l.</HI> 32. <HI>and el&s;ewhere, for</HI> premi&s;es, <HI>r. alwayes</HI> premi&s;&s;es. <HI>p.</HI> 33. <HI>l.</HI> 28. <HI>r.</HI> incident there|vnto. <HI>p.</HI> 34 <HI>marg. note, r.</HI> vrines by the powring, &amp;c. <HI>p.</HI> 49. <HI>l.</HI> 22 <HI>and el&s;ewhere, for Cologue r. alwayes Cologne. p.</HI> 55. <HI>l.</HI> 12. <HI>r. Pauye. l. vlt. r.</HI> coun&s;aile or in. <HI>p.</HI> 69. <HI>l.</HI> 12. <HI>r.</HI> the manner. <HI>p.</HI> 74. <HI>l.</HI> 28. <HI>r.</HI> renew. <HI>p.</HI> 80. <HI>l.</HI> 18. <HI>r.</HI> hand into. <HI>p.</HI> 82 <HI>l.</HI> 35. <HI>r.</HI> any vlcer. <HI>p.</HI> 83. <HI>l.</HI> 19. <HI>r.</HI> it is. <HI>p.</HI> 85. <HI>l.</HI> 6. <HI>r.</HI> ingenuou&s;ly. <HI>p.</HI> 86. <HI>l.</HI> 3, &amp; 4. <HI>r.</HI> ignorant of the &s;tate and nature of the di&s;ea&s;e. <HI>p.</HI> 93. <HI>marg. note</HI> 2. <HI>r.</HI> killed by vnskilfulnes. <HI>p.</HI> 96. <HI>marg. note</HI> 2. <HI>r.</HI> Ingenuous.</P>
</DIV1>
</FRONT>
<BODY>
<DIV1 N="1" TYPE="book">
<PB REF="14">
<HEAD>THE FIRST BOOKE.</HEAD>
<DIV2 TYPE="argument">
<HEAD>THE ARGVMENT.</HEAD>
<P>IN the&s;e three bookes the Author taketh great paines to demon&s;trate by &s;olid and vnan&s;werable arguments, of whom, and what manner of Phy&s;i|tian it is be&s;t and &s;afe&s;t to aske coun&s;ell, if at any time we &s;hall be &s;eazed with &s;icknes: to wit, not of ba&s;e ig|norant Empirickes, vrine-mongers, water-prophets, women-phy&s;itians, and &s;uch like: but rather of the learned, skilfull and iudicious Phy&s;itian, trained vp and well experienced in his Profe&s;sion. In the fir&s;t Booke therefore is declared that the iudgement of di&s;|ea&s;es by the &s;ole in&s;pection of the vrine, is very vncer|taine and deceitfull, as al&s;o &s;ometimes not without great danger. And to the end that this may more plainly appeare to the eyes of euery one, it is declared in the fir&s;t place, what vrine is, and of what manner of &s;ub&s;tance it is engendred: as al&s;o, after what man|ner the humours are &s;eque&s;tred in the preparation of the blood. Afterwards al&s;o are de&s;cribed, the &s;uper|fluities that are ingendred of the &s;ame. The cau&s;es of Vrines in euery re&s;pect of the be&s;t and mo&s;t laudable note, are afterwards &s;et downe. In the la&s;t place is pro|ued and concluded, that the iudgement had by the in|&s;pection of Vrine onely, is not &s;ufficient to giue vs full notice of the whole nature and circum&s;tances of the di&s;ea&s;e, as ignorant people are for the mo&s;t part (though fal&s;ly) per&s;waded.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 N="1" TYPE="chapter">
<PB N="1" REF="14">
<HEAD>THE ARRAIGNMENT of VRINES. <HI>CHAP. I.</HI> What Vrine is.</HEAD>
<P><HI>_WHat&s;oeuer matter is propounded</HI> (&s;aith <HI>Cicero</HI> in his Offices) <HI>which a man doth take in hand to handle, together with the rea&s;on of the &s;ame, ought to be|ginne with the de&s;cription or definition of the &s;ame thing, to the end we may the better vnder&s;tand the nature of the &s;ub|iect about the which the di&s;pute is conuer&s;ant.</HI> And for this cau&s;e before wee determine this que&s;tion, <HI>Whether the iudgement of di&s;ea&s;es by vrine be certaine or vncertaine;</HI> it is re|qui&s;ite that fir&s;t of al we know what vrine is, of what man|ner of &s;ub&s;tance it is engendred, of what v&s;e, or profit it is in mans body, as al&s;o by which wayes and pa&s;&s;ages it i&s;&s;ueth out of the &s;ame. It is not therefore &s;ufficient for a iudicious and learned Phy&s;itian with the <HI>Empyricke-vrine-mongers,</HI> to know, that Vrine is that which is pi&s;&s;ed, which doth not at all declare the nature and e&s;&s;ence of the vrine.</P>
<P><HI>&V;rine,</HI> therefore properly,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Definition of Vrine.</NOTE> <HI>is the &s;uperfluity of blood con|tained in the great veine, conueyed by the kidneis and other vri|nary ve&s;&s;els into the bladder.</HI> But <HI>Theophilus,</HI> who after <HI>Hip|pocretes, Galen,</HI> and <HI>Magnus,</HI> hath written in Greeke a
<PB N="2" REF="15"> very compendious and &s;uccinct booke of Vrines, defi|neth Vrine after this manner: <HI>Vrine is the &s;training through of the blood and the re&s;t of the humours.</HI> Some for this cau&s;e call it a <HI>&s;uperfluity like vnto whey:</HI> &s;ome call it a <HI>watri&s;h &s;uper|fluity:</HI> and others, <HI>the putr<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">faction or rottenne&s;&s;e of blood:</HI> But we will not wrangle about words, as better befitting &s;ome <HI>Sophi&s;ter,</HI> then a good and learned <HI>Phy&s;itian.</HI> And therefore following the foot&s;teps of the&s;e our famous <HI>Phy&s;itians; &V;rine</HI> is nothing el&s;e but <HI>a &s;training of the blood and the re&s;t of the humours, which proceed from the worke of nature.</HI> Of this opinion are <HI>I&s;aacus, Gorclonius,</HI> with whom al&s;o doth agree <HI>Actuarius</HI> (not inferior to any that hath written of this &s;ubiect) calling it the <HI>&s;training or drai|ning of the blood.</HI> And therefore well &s;aid <HI>Galen</HI> in the&s;e words:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Gal lib. <HI>5.</HI> de v&s;u p<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">rt.</NOTE> <HI>To the end that the re&s;t of the thin and watri&s;h &s;uper|fluity (which we call vrine) may be &s;eparated, nature hauing made the Kidneis, hath placed them hard by the Liuer, and to the end it might be well expelled, it hath created fir&s;t a receiuer, to wit, the Bladder, as it were a bottle, and at the end of the Bladder a mu&s;cle or little piece of fle&s;h to keepe the &s;ame from vn&s;ea&s;onable pa&s;&s;ing away.</HI></P>
<P>Now as concerning the manner how the &s;ame is engen|dred in our bodies, it is not to be imagined with the vul|gar and ignorant &s;ort, that all that which wee drinke is conuerted into vrine, no more then all that which we eate turneth into nouri&s;hment, howbeit moi&s;t things taken in great quantity are an occa&s;ion of much vrine, and yet of humide and moi&s;t diet doth often al&s;o proceed good nouri&s;hment. This I haue heard to be verified in a Country fellow called <HI>Scermer,</HI> who v&s;ed no other meat or drinke all his dayes, &s;aue milke onely,<NOTE PLACE="marg">A country fel|low liuing all his life time on milke onely.</NOTE> and was a lu&s;ty man notwith&s;tanding, hauing his vacuations by &s;toole as orderly as other healthfull men, voiding no greater &s;tore of vrine, then any other ordinary man, all this milke-moi&s;ture notwith&s;tanding. Now to the end wee may the better be enabled to iudge of the vncertainty of the&s;e coniectures by vrine, it is requi&s;ite in the next place to
<PB N="3" REF="15"> know the manner of the engendring of the &s;ame, of the which we doe now entend to &s;peake.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 N="2" TYPE="chapter">
<HEAD><HI>CHAP. II.</HI> Of the engendring of Vrine, as al&s;o of the preparing of the blood, and the re&s;idue of the humours.</HEAD>
<P>_TO the end that the&s;e things may be the bet|ter by vs vnder&s;tood, wee are to con&s;ider in the fir&s;t place, that euery part of the body of man hath an <HI>attractiue</HI> or drawing power,<NOTE PLACE="marg">The attractiue faculty.</NOTE> by vertue of which it doth natu|rally draw vnto it &s;elfe &s;uch nouri&s;hment as is proper and peculiar for the &s;ame. This office is performed &s;ome|times by meanes of &s;ome &s;mall &s;traight fle&s;hy haires, or threeds as in the &s;tomacke: &s;ometimes againe this office is performed by the &s;ole temperature of the part onely, as commeth to pa&s;&s;e in the re&s;t of the parts of the body: and &s;ometimes againe for the delight and plea&s;ure of the part; and thus the mouth of the wombe draweth the &s;eed of the man vnto it &s;elfe. Moreouer, in the next place, the part is al&s;o endued with a <HI>retentiue</HI> or retaining facultie,<NOTE PLACE="marg">The retentiue facultie.</NOTE> to the end it might retaine the &s;ame vntill &s;uch time as the concoction be fini&s;hed, if it be nouri&s;hment, or if excre|ments, vntill &s;uch time as &s;treching and reaching out the &s;aid part by the great quantity, or el&s;e by the &s;harpe and biting quality, or both iointly, it doth grieue and annoy the part, as manife&s;tly is to be &s;eene in tho&s;e parts which containe a great hollowne&s;&s;e; &s;uch as bee the &s;tomacke, <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">he guts, the mother, and the bladder: and after the &s;ame manner is the infant contained in the wombe, as is the meat in the &s;tomacke, vntill &s;uch time as either by the bigne&s;&s;e, the waight, the &s;harpne&s;&s;e of the &s;weat, or vrine of the infant, the cotyledons, or mouthes of the &s;mall veines being bur&s;t, or yet any other cau&s;es vrging or pro|uoking
<PB N="4" REF="16"> the &s;ame, it bee forced to let goe the poore pri&s;oner.</P>
<P>The third is the <HI>concocting</HI> faculty,<NOTE PLACE="marg">The co~cocting faculty.</NOTE> which changeth the nouri&s;hment into the owne proper &s;ub&s;tance, but yet af|ter diuers and &s;undry wayes; for blood is &s;peedily conuer|ted into fle&s;h, but the bone as being cold and dry hath need of many moe alterations and changes. Hence al&s;o it commeth to pa&s;&s;e that there are two &s;orts of helps and aydes a&s;&s;i&s;ting nouri&s;hment;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Two &s;orts of helpes and aydes to nou|ri&s;hment.</NOTE> the one which draweth the nouri&s;hment, conueyeth, containeth, and concocteth it, and then as too heauy a burthen expelleth the &s;ame. The helpes &s;eruing to conuey or carry the nouri&s;hment to the the fir&s;t concoction, are the <HI>mouth,</HI> the <HI>w<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">zand,</HI> the <HI>&s;tomack,</HI> the <HI>guts;</HI> to the &s;econd, the <HI>mi&s;eraicall veines,</HI> the <HI>liuer,</HI> the <HI>hollow veine;</HI> to the third, euery <HI>&s;imilar part,</HI> as al&s;o &s;ome of the <HI>organicall and &s;mall threedy veines,</HI> the which as al&s;o the greater veynes, doe prepare the food and nou|ri&s;hment, fitting the &s;ame for the nouri&s;hing of euery part. The other &s;ort of ayd and helpe, is that which in drawing the excrement vnto it &s;elfe, doth &s;eparate, conuey, retaine, and in due and conuenient time expell the &s;ame; &s;uch are <HI>the Spleene, the Kidneis, both the Bladders, together with their orifices and concauities, the Guts, e&s;pecially the greater, the two mu&s;cles called Sphyncters, the eight epiga&s;tricall mu&s;cles, tho&s;e mu&s;cles al&s;o which keepe in the breath,</HI> being of no &s;mall v&s;e and profit, yea and &s;ometimes nece&s;&s;ary al&s;o, both in regard of the excretion of the ordure and vrine, as of the birth al&s;o. That which by this nouri&s;hing alte|ration doth glide vnto &s;uch parts as are already framed and made, is a&s;&s;imilated or made like vnto the &s;ame; and for this cau&s;e properly called <HI>a&s;&s;imilation.</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">A&s;&s;imilation.</NOTE> But by an engen|dring alteration, &s;uch parts are made and framed as were not before.</P>
<P>The fourth and the la&s;t, is that which wee commonly call <HI>the expelling faculty.</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">The expelling faculty.</NOTE> Now when as it doth naturally expell &s;uch things as cannot be ouercome, concocted, perfectly changed and conuerted into the &s;ub&s;tance of
<PB N="5" REF="16"> that part, e&s;pecially &s;uch as are too-too burden&s;ome, and doe di&s;tend and &s;tretch out the part by too great a quanti|tie, or yet by their &s;harpe quality, or both together, are noi|&s;ome and offen&s;iue, it is then &s;aid well and hand&s;omely to expell the &s;ame. This expul&s;ion is likewi&s;e furthered by meanes of the <HI>ouerthwart fibres or fle&s;hy haires</HI> in &s;uch parts as they are found, <HI>as namely in the &s;tomacke, the guts, both the bladders, as well that of the gall, as of the vrine, the veines and arteries. Expul&s;ion</HI> being contrary to <HI>Attraction,</HI> is of|tentimes notwith&s;tanding performed by the &s;ame pa&s;&s;a|ges, as ca&s;ting and &s;wallowing by the throat; the &s;eed of generation and the birth by <HI>the necke of the mother;</HI> the di|&s;tribution of the food and nouri&s;hment, the attraction of purging phy&s;icke, and the naturall voluntary expul&s;ion of that &s;uperfluous humour into the guts, by <HI>the mi&s;erai|call veines.</HI> Now the&s;e foure faculties, together with their &s;euerall functions, being vnder&s;tood aright, the manner of the generation of the bloud will bee more plaine and con&s;picuous. The food being fir&s;t well brui&s;ed by the teeth thereto appointed, is drawne downe into the &s;to|macke or <HI>maw,</HI> by the <HI>throat;</HI> and being there for a certaine &s;pace retained, it is afterwards concocted into the &s;ub|&s;tance of a cream-like humour called <HI>chylus,</HI> and from thence doth it expell the &s;ame into the guts, which in &s;ome part doe retaine it, altering, changing, and conuer|ting &s;ome part of the &s;ame into a &s;ub&s;tance fit for their owne nouri&s;hment, and afterwards doe expell the &s;uper|fluities, when as they are ouercharged with the abundance, or yet annoyed with the acrimony and &s;harpne&s;&s;e of the &s;ame. In the meane while the <HI>mi&s;eraicall veines</HI> hauing their originall from the <HI>liuer</HI> it &s;elfe, by meanes of the <HI>bran|chy or porter veine,</HI> and are implanted in the guts them|&s;elues, doe &s;ucke, and as it were, milke or &s;traine from them this concocted nouri&s;hment, (which <HI>Phy&s;itians</HI> doe call <HI>chymus</HI>) drawing and conueying the &s;ame vnto the hollow parts of the <HI>liuer,</HI> pre&s;enting the &s;ame to the &s;an|guifying or blood-making quality, and if there come no
<PB N="6" REF="17"> rub or let in the way, the &s;ame is conuerted and changed into <HI>blood,</HI> and that afterwards more exqui&s;itly elaborate and refined by the <HI>blood-making</HI> power of the <HI>liuer,</HI> as is at length to be &s;eene in <HI>Galen</HI> and diuers others after him. Be|ing thus then conueyed to the <HI>liuer,</HI> then ari&s;eth as it were, <HI>a boyling, dige&s;tion, and generation of the &s;euerall humours.</HI> This <HI>Galen</HI> illu&s;trates by a familiar example,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Gal. lib. <HI>4.</HI> de v&s;u part. &amp; lib. de natur. facul.</NOTE> euen as in the new wine is the <HI>&s;pume or froth &s;wimming aboue, the dregs, the watri&s;h humour, and that which is properly called blood:</HI> &s;o likewi&s;e in the humours there is a <HI>&s;pume</HI> or <HI>froth</HI> called by the name of <HI>choler,</HI> another crud, yet halfe concocted hu|mour (to &s;peake Phy&s;ically) yet in election to bee <HI>blood,</HI> commonly called <HI>phlegme.</HI> There is yet moreouer another thicke and dreggy, commonly called <HI>melancholy.</HI> Now that which wee properly call <HI>blood,</HI> an&s;wering to the proper &s;ub&s;tance of wine, doth differ from the fore&s;aid humours. That wateri&s;h humour which we call <HI>vrine,</HI> being produ|ced by the &s;ole and long &s;eparation of the humours, (wit|ne&s;&s;e <HI>Galen</HI>) &s;ome doe call a thin and wateri&s;h humour,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Gal. lib. <HI>1.</HI> de cri&s;ib.</NOTE> being like to that &s;ub&s;tance which wee &s;ee &s;wimme aboue the blood after the opening of a veine. The manner of the &s;eparation of the &s;ame is thus brought to pa&s;&s;e: The blood being now prepared, and the motion and agitation or perturbation of it being fini&s;hed, the little bag appoin|ted to receiue <HI>choler,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">The v&s;ed vtility of the gal-bag.</NOTE> and adhering clo&s;e to the inner lap or lobe of the <HI>liuer,</HI> draweth vnto it &s;elfe that which is ligh|te&s;t and thinne&s;t, to wit, <HI>choler,</HI> &s;o called, and that for di|uers needfull and nece&s;&s;ary v&s;es; as fir&s;t, to ea&s;e and free the body from that &s;uperfluous humour; next, to wa&s;h and clen&s;e the guts, the better and ea&s;ilier to expell the fecall excrements.</P>
<P><NOTE PLACE="marg">The manner of the engendring of the Iaundi&s;e.</NOTE>This <HI>choler</HI> or <HI>gall-bag,</HI> hath a pa&s;&s;age de&s;cending from the <HI>liuer,</HI> implanted into the orifice of the guts, by the which conueying the <HI>choler</HI> into the &s;ame, the great|ne&s;&s;e of the action is furthered, as al&s;o the <HI>phlegme</HI> adhe|ring to the &s;ame, is expelled: and for this we &s;ee that the excrements of a &s;ound and healthfull man are for the
<PB N="7" REF="17"> mo&s;t part of a rea&s;onable yellowi&s;h colour,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Gal lib. <HI>5.</HI> de v&s;u partium.</NOTE> as <HI>Galen</HI> at length declareth.</P>
<P>When therefore there is any ob&s;truction in that place, in &s;uch &s;ort is this <HI>choler</HI> cannot haue a free pa&s;&s;age into the guts, it returneth backe &s;peedily into the <HI>gall-bag,</HI> from thence to the <HI>liuer,</HI> after that to the veines proceeding from the <HI>liuer,</HI> and then con&s;equently pa&s;&s;ing through the &s;ame, and like &s;weat, piercing through the <HI>pores,</HI> or little holes of the skinne, dyes the &s;ame all ouer with a yel|low colour; and then are the excrements, for the mo&s;t part, whiti&s;h, co&s;tiuene&s;&s;e being likewi&s;e ioyned with the &s;ame, for the rea&s;on before alledged.</P>
<P>That which in the ebullition or concoction of blood is terre&s;trious, and as it were the very dregs and lees of the &s;ame, the <HI>&s;pleene</HI> drawes wholly to it &s;elfe,<NOTE PLACE="marg">The v&s;e and vtility of the Spleene.</NOTE> by a certain naturall attraction, (euery member by a naturall in&s;tinct drawing that which is proper and peculiar vnto it &s;elfe) partly to the end the body may be clen&s;ed from that &s;u|perfluity of melancholy, and partly al&s;o that the <HI>&s;pleene</HI> may be nouri&s;hed with the &s;ame.</P>
<P>And finally, from the <HI>&s;pleene</HI> is &s;tretched forth a little <HI>veiny ve&s;&s;ell</HI> (called by the Anatomi&s;ts <HI>vas breue</HI>) vnto the mouth of the &s;tomacke, which conueyes thither &s;ome part of this melancholicke humour, to the end that the appe|tite may thereby be quickned, and the &s;tomacke bound vp and &s;trengthned.</P>
<P>As for th<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">t <HI>whey-like</HI> liquor, which remained behind,<NOTE PLACE="marg">The &s;eparation of the vrine from the blood, and the man-of the &s;ame.</NOTE> it is drawne by the <HI>kidneis,</HI> by meanes of the <HI>emulgent</HI> or &s;uc|king veines, and &s;o pa&s;&s;ing through the <HI>kidneis</HI> as it were through a colender, is &s;traight-wayes receiued into the <HI>bladder</HI> as it were a receiuer or bottle, hauing pa&s;&s;ed fir&s;t tho&s;e pa&s;&s;ages fitted and appropriated for this purpo&s;e, cal|led from this effect <GAP LANG="grc" DESC="foreign" RESP="OXF">. And (which &s;eemeth yet more &s;trange) tho&s;e pipes or pa&s;&s;ages are in&s;erted and im|planted into the <HI>bladder</HI> by a crooked and winding way, le&s;t any part of the vrine &s;hould from thence returne back againe into the <HI>kidneyes:</HI> and in the <HI>bladder</HI> it is re&s;erued vntill &s;uch time, as either by the abundance, or acrimony
<PB N="8" REF="18"> and &s;harpne&s;&s;e of the &s;ame, it be forced to expell it. And mo&s;t fit and conuenient it was that for the fore&s;aid rea&s;ons the <HI>kidneis</HI> &s;hould be placed neere vnto the <HI>liuer,</HI> and from the <HI>kidneyes</HI> the&s;e crooked vrinary pa&s;&s;ages &s;hould be pro|duced, to vnite and containe by this meanes the <HI>kidneyes</HI> with the <HI>bladder,</HI> the which in like manner was mo&s;t fitly and conueniently placed in the lowe&s;t place, neere vnto the which al&s;o the &s;uperfluity and excrementitious part of the food is voided forth.</P>
<P><NOTE PLACE="marg">The v&s;e of the mu&s;cle &s;phyn|cter.</NOTE>Now le&s;t this watri&s;h excrement &s;hould be vn&s;ea&s;ona|bly voyded, which might proue very preiudiciall to the party, therefore was there placed a <HI>mu&s;culous fle&s;h</HI> called <HI>&s;phyncter,</HI> as a porter to let this gue&s;t forth when&s;oeuer ne|ce&s;&s;ity &s;hould &s;o require, and at other times to keepe him clo&s;e pri&s;oner. Neither yet is this whole watry humour &s;eque&s;tred and drawne by the <HI>kidneyes,</HI> but &s;ome part of the &s;ame re&s;erued to further the di&s;tribution of the <HI>blood,</HI> otherwi&s;e &s;o thick of it &s;elfe, that it could not pa&s;&s;e through the thinne and hairy veines, for the conuenient nouri&s;h|ment of the body. Now the <HI>hollow-veine</HI> (&s;o called in re|gard of the greatne&s;&s;e) runneth all along the whole body, hauing the originall from the crooked and backe part of the <HI>liuer,</HI> as the <HI>porter</HI> or <HI>branchy veine</HI> from the hollow part of the &s;ame; by meanes of which two as purueyors, the blood is conueyed through the whole body for the nouri&s;hment thereof. N<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">w this <HI>blood</HI> which is &s;o carried to the inward parts of the body, is by that we call the <HI>fourth concoction,</HI> changed into the &s;ub&s;tance of <HI>fle&s;h,</HI> and then doth it lo&s;e &s;ome part of the perfect redne&s;&s;e which before it did enioy, but declining into a dimini&s;hed kind of whitene&s;&s;e, or colour participating both of white and red, as be&s;t agreeing both with the colour of the fle&s;h and of the blood; the re&s;idue is performed afterwards by the <HI>&s;imilar parts,</HI> each part drawing vnto it &s;elfe, and changing into its owne &s;ub&s;tance that which doth be&s;t befit the na|ture of the &s;ame,</P>
<P>When therefore any part of this wateri&s;h humour be|ing
<PB N="9" REF="18"> left in the veines with the blood, when a veine is ope|ned, and the blood afterwards cold, on the top of the &s;ame &s;wimmeth that watry humour, the which being powred into an vrinall will be like vnto vrine, as being both of one and the &s;ame &s;ub&s;tance.</P>
<P>All the&s;e workes of nature mu&s;t one well vnder&s;tand, to the end he may the better giue a&s;&s;ured iudgement con|cerning the <HI>vrine;</HI> all which is at great length laid before vs in the workes of the learned <HI>Galen.</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Gal. lib. de na|tural fac. &amp; de v&s;u partium.</NOTE> And of all that which hath beene &s;aid are our ordinary <HI>Empirickes, water-mongers,</HI> and <HI>peticoat-phy&s;itians</HI> altogether ignorant, yea mo&s;t of them being &s;o void of vnder&s;tanding, that they are of opinion, that what&s;oeuer quantity of drinke de&s;cen|deth into the <HI>&s;tomack</HI> is in the &s;ame quantity voyded forth by <HI>vrine,</HI> the which is mo&s;t fal&s;e, the drinke being appro|priated by rea&s;on of the liquidity of the &s;ub&s;tance, to con|uey and di&s;tribute the food through the whole body, as hath beene &s;aid: the meat as al&s;o the drinke de&s;cending both by one and the &s;ame pa&s;&s;age, are welcomed and en|tertained both in one and the &s;elfe &s;ame lodging, to wit, the <HI>&s;tomacke</HI> or <HI>maw,</HI> and not, as many idiots imagine, the meat de&s;cendeth by one, and the drinke by another pa&s;|&s;age. For daily experience doth teach vs, that when the lea&s;t portion either of meat or drinke de&s;cendeth into the <HI>wind-pipe,</HI> which the vulgar call the <HI>wrong throat,</HI> it bring|eth pre&s;ent danger of &s;uffocation. Hence commeth this cu&s;tome, that when in this ca&s;e they cough, le&s;t they &s;hould bee &s;trangled, very fitly they &s;trike them on the backe, to the end that that which is that way de&s;cended may the more ea&s;ily be expelled. I deny not but that &s;ome|times &s;ome <HI>pot-companions</HI> may voyd as much drinke as they powre downe their euer-thir&s;ting throats: the like whereof al&s;o commeth to pa&s;&s;e in the di&s;ea&s;e called <HI>Dia|betes,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Diabetes.</NOTE> the which haue their owne particular rea&s;ons, the which I doubt would proue too tedious here to relate, my purpo&s;e being not too much to abu&s;e the Readers pa|tience: but that it is not &s;o, ordinarily and v&s;ually with
<PB N="10" REF="19"> tho&s;e who liue a temperate and &s;ober life, and enioy their perfect health, of which &s;ort of people this pre&s;ent Di&s;|cour&s;e is to be vnder&s;tood, I thinke it were but &s;uperflu|ous and needle&s;&s;e labour to declare.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 N="3" TYPE="chapter">
<HEAD><HI>CHAP. III.</HI> Of the &s;uperfluities &s;eque&s;tred and &s;et apart in each concoction: as al&s;o of that &V;rine, which is in euery re&s;pect of a meane temperature, and therefore the be&s;t: and of the cau&s;e of the &s;ame.</HEAD>
<P>_NOw becau&s;e that oftentimes in di&s;ea&s;es the Phy&s;itian is forced to haue recour&s;e to the &s;uperfluities or excrementitious parts of the ordinary concoctions, and that partly by nece&s;&s;ity and partly by importunity of the vulgar, and &s;ometimes of the better and more vnder&s;tan|ding &s;ort of people al&s;o in a manner forced thereto; therefore will it not be ami&s;&s;e to di&s;cour&s;e &s;omewhat of the &s;ame.</P>
<P>There are then foure &s;euerall concoctions, performed in the foure &s;euerall parts of the body.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Foure conco|ctions in mans body.</NOTE> The fir&s;t in the <HI>&s;to|macke</HI> or <HI>maw:</HI> the &s;econd in the <HI>branchy veine,</HI> in the <HI>mi&s;e|raicall veines,</HI> and in the hollow part of the <HI>liuer:</HI> the third, in the <HI>gibbous</HI> or crooked part of the &s;ame, and the veines which come from thence: the la&s;t is in the vtmo&s;t parts of the body. The &s;uperfluities of this fir&s;t concoction<NOTE PLACE="marg">Superfluities of the fir&s;t con|coction.</NOTE> are as well tho&s;e which are voided by the mouth, as the faecall excrements de&s;cending into the <HI>guts.</HI> Of the &s;e|cond<NOTE PLACE="marg">Of the &s;econd.</NOTE> concoction which is conuer&s;ant about the blood,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hippoc. lib. de elem. Gal lib. <HI>2.</HI> de facul. natur. Auic. lib. <HI>1.</HI> fen. doct <HI>4</HI> cap. <HI>1</HI> de humor. diui&s;. &amp;c.</NOTE> comprehending vnder this name the re&s;t of the humours al&s;o; the &s;uperfluities are <HI>phlegme, choler, blacke and yellow.</HI> Now as concerning the qualities of all the fore&s;aid hu|mours, their manifold diui&s;ions, as al&s;o their dominion and reigne, according to the &s;euerall &s;ea&s;ons in the body
<PB N="11" REF="19"> of man, is not my purpo&s;e here to di&s;cour&s;e, as being at great length handled in many great volumes of the anci|ent and moderne Phy&s;itians. The &s;uperfluity of the third concoction<NOTE PLACE="marg">Of the third concoction.</NOTE> is the <HI>vrine,</HI> (the proper &s;ub&s;tance of this di&s;|cour&s;e, and cau&s;e of the vndertaking of this taske) as al&s;o &s;uch things as are contained in the &s;ub&s;tance of the &s;ame: of the which hereafter, &s;o farre forth as they &s;hall make for our purpo&s;e, we will &s;peake.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Of the fourth concoction.</NOTE> Now in the fourth and la&s;t, do &s;uperabound as well &s;uch vapours as do by in&s;en|&s;ible tran&s;piration i&s;&s;ue out of the body, as the other &s;eene &s;en&s;ibly, &s;ometimes more, and &s;ometimes le&s;&s;e, to bur&s;t forth of the body, called commonly by the name of <HI>&s;weat.</HI> Of all the premi&s;&s;es, as al&s;o of many other things belong|ing thereto, are altogether ignorant our <HI>ordinary vrine-mongers, Empirickes,</HI> and <HI>women-Phy&s;itians,</HI> and many <HI>or|dinary Practitioners of Phy&s;icke,</HI> who haue perhaps attained to &s;ome &s;mall &s;mattering of learning, and yet haue neuer beene in&s;tructed in this profound faculty.</P>
<P>But to come now to the marrow of the matter: if all the&s;e former concoctions be performed as they ought, then hath the <HI>vrine</HI> the right and proper colour and &s;ub|&s;tance, the contents in like manner doe keepe their owne proper place, <HI>the re&s;idence being white, &s;mooth,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Hippocr. <HI>2.</HI> prae|dictionar. prae|dic. <HI>26.</HI></NOTE> <HI>and of an equall &s;ub&s;tance.</HI> And this manner of <HI>vrine</HI> is be&s;t to be di|&s;cerned, when it commeth from a man in euery re&s;pect temperate, and of a <HI>pale-golden,</HI> or <HI>Orange</HI> colour, and an|&s;wering in proportion of quantity, to that he drinketh. If it &s;hall &s;o come to pa&s;&s;e that any of the fore&s;aid concocti|ons doe erre, then is the <HI>vrine</HI> al&s;o altered, teaching and in&s;tructing vs to find out by what cau&s;es the &s;ame is chan|ged. For the &s;uperfluity of the humour that pa&s;&s;eth through the whole body, being &s;eque&s;tred in the <HI>vrine,</HI> may be often &s;eene in the vrinall. The errors committed in this kind may ea&s;ily be conceiued of by the like in Vl|cers:<NOTE PLACE="marg">An example from Vlcers.</NOTE> for if the matter which commeth from the &s;ame be white and &s;mooth hauing little or no ill &s;mell at all,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Gal. lib. <HI>1.</HI> de differ. &s;ch. cap. <HI>6.</HI></NOTE> as al&s;o if it containe no &s;ub&s;tance of another kind, it doth de|mon&s;trate
<PB N="12" REF="20"> a good concoction or ripening of the &s;ame. If any of the fore&s;aid conditions be wanting, it argueth that the concoction hath mi&s;&s;ed of its perfection: in &s;o much that hence we may gue&s;&s;e if any malignity be crept into the Vlcer, if the concoction be hindred, if it grow black, or &s;uffer any thing more or le&s;&s;e, an&s;wering alike to the fault of the concoction. The like al&s;o we may &s;ee in the <HI>vrines</HI> (witne&s;&s;e <HI>Galen,</HI> with whom doth <HI>Actuarius</HI> al&s;o agree) that according to the concoction of the humours, the <HI>&s;ub|&s;tance, colour,</HI> and <HI>contents,</HI> doe change.</P>
<P>But let vs yet more exactly &s;et downe the nature and properties of an vrine in euery re&s;pect laudable and of a meane temper, that &s;o we may the more ea&s;ily di&s;cerne of &s;uch as in any re&s;pect decline from the &s;ame: Euen as a Rule &amp; Square when it is applied to any peece of wood, maketh it perfectly appeare to the eyes of euery one how crooked and bowed it is.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Properties of the be&s;t and mo&s;t laudable vrines.</NOTE> Suppo&s;e therefore a man in the he<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ght of his health, in the flouri&s;hing &s;pring of his age, of a mean and mo&s;t temperate con&s;titution of body, liuing on food of a good and moderate &s;ub&s;tance, exceeding nei|ther in quantity no<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> quality, exerci&s;ing him&s;elfe neither too much nor too little, liuing in a healthfull Climate or Country, and &s;ea&s;on of the yeare temperate; and (as &s;um|marily I may &s;ay) in euery thing ob&s;eruing a mediocrity without the lea&s;t either exce&s;&s;e or defect. Such a mans <HI>vrine</HI> I &s;ay v&s;eth mo&s;t commonly to be of a light or <HI>pale-golden,</HI> or <HI>orange-colour, of a meane or middle &s;ub&s;tance, an|&s;wering in proportion to the quantity of that which hee hath drunke, in the which &s;wimmeth no bubble, nor &s;pume, in the which no lumps fall to the bottome, nor any thing &s;ticketh to the &s;ide of the vrinall, the re&s;idence being white, &s;mooth, equall, and euery where like vnto it &s;elfe: prouiding al&s;o that no &s;ub|&s;tance like vnto haires, &s;hauings, or &s;uch like, be mingled there|with.</HI> This <HI>vrine</HI> then of all others being the be&s;t, and in euery re&s;pect keeping the meane, betokeneth perfect health. But when in any &s;ort it declineth and &s;werueth from the &s;ame, we may ea&s;ily vnder&s;tand that in &s;o farre
<PB N="13" REF="20"> the body is fallen from the be&s;t and perfecte&s;t health. Nei|ther are wee ignorant of the great latitude and extent of health, as al&s;o that &s;ome of the fore&s;aid conditions reiected from the Square and Rule of the be&s;t vrine, may &s;ome|times appeare in the vrine, of &s;uch a man as may be &s;aid in &s;ome &s;ort to be in health.</P>
<P>But our meaning is in this place not of any &s;uch health as admits the lea&s;t latitude or extent, but of that which is ab&s;olutely perfect, and in euery re&s;pect compleat. This being by vs well vnder&s;tood, wee may certainly know how farre any one is fallen from the highe&s;t degree of health,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Gal. lib. de cri&s;p. cap. <HI>12.</HI></NOTE> and &s;o likewi&s;e of the <HI>vrine</HI> of &s;uch a man as <HI>Galen</HI> witne&s;&s;eth. By that which hath beene &s;poken may ea&s;ily be di&s;couered and detected, the ignorance and error of the <HI>Empirickes</HI> and <HI>vrine-mongers</HI> of our time, who being altogether ignorant of that whereof wee haue lately &s;po|ken, doe mo&s;t commonly &s;hake the vrine to and fro, ma|king as it were a confu&s;ed <HI>Chaos</HI> of all the parts of the &s;ame: whereas the learned and iudicious Phy&s;itian, as well by the colour, contents, &s;ediment, as that which &s;wim|meth in the top (all which this ba&s;e brood doth by this meanes confound) giueth forth &s;etled and deliberate &s;en|tence. But hauing thus farre di&s;cour&s;ed of the premi&s;es, without any further repetition, it is now more then time that we come to the di&s;cu&s;&s;ing of this que&s;tion, <HI>Whether the iudgement of &V;rines be certaine, and to be tru&s;ted to or not:</HI> the which this next Chapter &s;hall at greater length declare and &s;et forth.</P>
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<HEAD><HI>CHAP. IIII.</HI> That the iudgement of Di&s;ea&s;es had by the &s;ole in&s;pection of the Vrine, is vncertaine, yea oftentimes dangerous, and that wee ought not to repo&s;e any tru&s;t in the &s;ame.</HEAD>
<P>_SInce there is nothing &s;o hard and difficult, which wee ought not to vndertake for the loue we beare to the truth, and the attaining to the knowledge of the mo&s;t worthy things:<NOTE PLACE="marg">It &s;eemeth a &s;trange Para|dox to the mo&s;t, but e&s;pe|cially mo&s;t ig|norant, to broach any thing again&s;t Vrines.</NOTE> and how&s;oeuer this bee a burthen too heauy for my weake &s;houlders to beare; yet haue I notwith&s;tanding vndertaken this taske, being e<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">pecially raui&s;hed with the extraordinary affection I beare vnto &s;o noble and excellent an Art, how&s;oeuer perhap<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> I &s;hall broach &s;ome &s;uch points as &s;hall little plea&s;e &s;ome reli&s;hes, e&s;pecially of &s;uch as are chiefe offenders in this ki<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">de, as al&s;o of all &s;uch as are &s;o blinded, and their eye<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> &s;o d<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">zeled with their old inueterate errors, that they cannot &s;ee the truth, how bright &s;oeuer the &s;ame doe &s;hine in the noone-tide of the day. It is likewi&s;e to be &s;uppo&s;ed that it will be hard to free my &s;elfe from the hatred and indignation of a many euill-willers, while as I endeauour to free this &s;o noble an Art from this mo&s;t vncertaine, mo&s;t vaine and vnprofitable coniecturing by <HI>&V;rines,</HI> the which not with|out great preiudice to the Patients health is dayly practi|&s;ed in the <HI>Phy&s;itians</HI> hou&s;es. But without any longer circum&s;tance, let vs come now to the matter in hand. If wee carry in our minds &s;uch things as haue beene lately declared, it &s;hall be ea&s;ie for vs to conceiue of &s;uch things as &s;hall now be &s;poken. By the <HI>Vrine</HI> then are chiefly knowne the di&s;po&s;ition of the <HI>Liuer,</HI> of the <HI>&V;eines,</HI> and by con&s;equent of the <HI>whole body</HI> al&s;o. We mu&s;t vnder|&s;tand al&s;o that &s;ince the <HI>Blood</HI> taketh the &s;ub&s;tantiall forme from the forming power and vertue of the <HI>Liuer,</HI> it commeth to pa&s;&s;e that it an&s;wereth in equall proportion to the quality of the blood, of the which the <HI>&V;rine</HI> is a
<PB N="15" REF="21"> &s;uperfluity &s;trayned from the &s;ame by <HI>meanes of the Kid|neyes,</HI> according to <HI>Theophilus,</HI> which <HI>Aegidius</HI> al&s;o con|firmeth.</P>
<P>And hence it is al&s;o manife&s;t (as the learned <HI>Leeninus</HI> witne&s;&s;eth) that not onely the &s;tate of the <HI>Kidneyes,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Di&s;ea&s;es of which parts may chiefly be di&s;cerned by the <HI>Vrine.</HI></NOTE> but that al&s;o of the <HI>Liuer</HI> principally, together with the infir|mities thereof, as al&s;o of the <HI>Veines,</HI> may be di&s;cerned by the <HI>&V;rine.</HI> Howbeit this is not alwayes vndoubtedly true, &s;ince that by accident it commeth to pa&s;&s;e (as here|after &s;hall appeare) that vpon many occa&s;ions the &s;ame is altered and changed, and by con&s;equent the <HI>Phy&s;itian</HI> de|ceiued. And if this may befall a learned and iudicious <HI>Phy&s;itian,</HI> how much more one without Art or skill, and neuer trayned vp in this Profe&s;&s;ion. Neither yet, not|with&s;tanding the abu&s;es committed about the &s;ame, is it wholly to be reiected, but with great di&s;cretion the right and moderate v&s;e of the &s;ame to be imbraced. And how|be<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">t &s;ome Authors &s;eeme &s;ometimes to giue a great pre|heminence to this &s;igne, as <HI>Actuarius;</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Actuarius lib. <HI>1.</HI> de di&s;. Vrin. cap. <HI>1.</HI> Cap. <HI>7.</HI></NOTE> yet if thou looke&s;t narrowly into their works, thou &s;halt finde that liberty el&s;e-where much limited and re&s;trained and the <HI>Pul&s;e</HI> the <HI>fecall in&s;truments,</HI> with diuers other excretions taken into that &s;ociety and fellow&s;hip. Now that <HI>Vrines</HI> are de|ceitfull in many di&s;ea&s;es, were no hard matter for mee to proue, as well by rea&s;on and experience, as by authority. But if wee &s;hall begin and in&s;tance in &s;ome particular di&s;|ea&s;es, I thinke it will make the ca&s;e more plaine. The <HI>&V;rine</HI> then is very deceitfull in the <HI>Plague</HI> and <HI>pe&s;tilenti|all Feuers,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Vrines</HI> deceit|full in the plague.</NOTE> deceiuing often the mo&s;t learned and skilfull practitioners. And this I found to be too true in that me|morable <HI>Plague,</HI> whereof &s;ome few yeares agoe a great number dyed in the Towne of <HI>Delfe:</HI> for when as the <HI>V|rines</HI> &s;eemed to promi&s;e the Patients all &s;afety and &s;ecurity, then were they &s;uddenly conueyed into <HI>Charons</HI> boate. The cau&s;e that the <HI>Vrine</HI> in &s;o dangerous a ca&s;e,<NOTE PLACE="marg">The rea&s;ons of the &s;ame.</NOTE> &s;eemeth of &s;o laudable a condition and quality, may bee this, that the matter of this di&s;ea&s;e being venomous and maligne,
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<PB N="16" REF="24"> nature dare not freely a&s;&s;ault the &s;ame, and therefore the <HI>&V;rine</HI> (as I haue my &s;elfe found by experience) will ap|peare to the eye of as laudable a condition, as that which wee haue heretofore &s;et downe for the rule and &s;quare (as being the be&s;t) of all other<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">.</P>
<P>Others, not admitting of this rea&s;on alledge another, to wit, that putrefaction hauing now &s;ea&s;ed on the <HI>heart,</HI> and nature being now much weakened, is not able to ex|pell the excrements by <HI>&V;rine,</HI> for the which cau&s;e it re|maineth thin and of a good colour, nature it &s;elfe being al&s;o weake, by rea&s;on of the putrefaction now confirmed in the &s;ub&s;tance of the <HI>heart:</HI> and for this cau&s;e, the&s;e <HI>Feuers</HI> could neuer bee di&s;cerned or knowne by the &s;ight of the <HI>Vrines,</HI> but rather by their euill-fauoured &s;mell, and &s;tinking of their breath.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Praedictions more certaine by the <HI>Pul&s;e</HI> then by the <HI>Vrine</HI> in &s;uch like Di&s;ea&s;es.</NOTE></P>
<P>Wherefore, I adui&s;e the wi&s;e and iudicious <HI>Phy&s;itian</HI> to bee circum&s;pect, le&s;t hee be deceiued herein; and if it be po&s;&s;ible, rather to haue recour&s;e vnto the <HI>Pul&s;e,</HI> which doth euidently declare the vigour and the weakne&s;&s;e of the vitall power which vpholdeth the life. And for this cau&s;e wee may more a&s;&s;uredly pronounce of the i&s;&s;ue and euent both of life and death, by the &s;ame, then by the <HI>Vrine.</HI></P>
<P><NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Vrines</HI> deceit|full in quar|tanes and other intermitting Agues.</NOTE>Not onely is the <HI>Vrine</HI> deceitfull in the afore&s;aid di&s;ea|&s;es, but euen in the <HI>Quartane</HI> or any other <HI>intermitting Ague,</HI> e&s;pecially if the di&s;ea&s;ed v&s;e a good dyet; &s;o that from the very beginning of the di&s;ea&s;e, &s;ignes of concocti|on doe appeare: for here the <HI>Phy&s;itian</HI> de&s;irous to di|&s;tingui&s;h the &s;euerall times of the di&s;ea&s;e, might ea&s;ily goe be&s;ide the marke. And not in the&s;e onely doth the &s;ame leaue vs without a certaine guide: but the vncertaintie hereof is in like manner di&s;cerned in all other di&s;ea&s;es which haue their originall without the <HI>veynes,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">In di&s;ea&s;es without the <HI>Veines.</HI></NOTE> and that in the iudgement of all the learned <HI>Phy&s;itians</HI> which haue written of <HI>vrines.</HI> Oftentimes (as is to be &s;eene in our daily practice) the &s;ame will appeare in outward appearance in|dued with all the properties of a &s;ound and healthfull
<PB N="17" REF="24"> mans, both in &s;ub&s;tance, colour, and contents: when as notwith&s;tanding vnavoidable <HI>Death</HI> &s;trikes his boi&s;terous blowes again&s;t the weake and feeble patient. This may be ob&s;erued al&s;o for the mo&s;t part, when&s;oeuer in <HI>acute,</HI> or <HI>very acute di&s;ea&s;es,</HI> (&s;uch as are a <HI>Pleure&s;ie, Inflammation of the lungs, the Squin&s;ie,</HI> and others of the like nature, all which haue, as an in&s;eparable accident, a <HI>burning Feuer conioyned</HI> with the di&s;ea&s;e) the <HI>vrine</HI> &s;eemeth to be of a lau|dable condition and qualitie, the di&s;tre&s;&s;ed party notwith|&s;tanding being liker to dye then to liue; and &s;o it comes to pa&s;&s;e, that &s;imply in it &s;elfe being a good and laudable &s;igne, that yet oftentimes it proueth to be mortall: and &s;o it is apparent to any that hath eyes, how deceitfull a &s;igne it is.</P>
<P>In like manner daily experience doth teach, that one and the &s;elfe-&s;ame <HI>vrine,</HI> in &s;ub&s;tance, colour and contents, doth declare diuer&s;e, yea and &s;ometimes al&s;o quite con|trary di&s;ea&s;es,<NOTE PLACE="marg">One and the &s;elfe-&s;ame V|rine doth often declare diuers and contrary di&s;ea&s;es.</NOTE> being quite oppo&s;ite one to another. As in an indifferent healthfull man, the <HI>vrine</HI> may be thin, crude, and vndige&s;t or raw, and in &s;uch a one it doth argue euill dige&s;tion of the &s;tomacke: the like <HI>vrine</HI> againe in <HI>acute and burning Feuers,</HI> &s;hall &s;ignifie a <HI>Deliration</HI> and <HI>Phren&s;ie,</HI> and is then an infallible &s;igne of <HI>Death,</HI> as wee haue el&s;e|where &s;heweth forth by examples. This is al&s;o the iudge|ment of learned <HI>Hippocrates,</HI> in the&s;e words;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Ob&s;eruat. medic. lib. <HI>2.</HI> ob&s;. <HI>15.</HI> &amp;c Hipp. Aphor. <HI>72</HI> lib. <HI>4.</HI> &amp; Gal. Comment.</NOTE> <HI>When the v|rine is white and cleere, e&s;pecially if the &s;ame appeare in Deli|rations. Galen</HI> al&s;o following the &s;ame foot-&s;teps; <HI>I neuer did &s;ee a phrenticke per&s;on with &s;uch an vrine to haue recoue|red.</HI> Now if &s;uch an <HI>vrine</HI> &s;hould be carryed to a <HI>Phy&s;itian</HI> who had not before &s;eene the party, hee would neuer &s;o much as dreame of &s;uch an <HI>aecute burning Feuer.</HI></P>
<P>The like al&s;o commeth to pa&s;&s;e in a <HI>Drop&s;ie,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Vrine deceitfull in a Drop&s;ie.</NOTE> the <HI>vrine</HI> like a &s;trumpet attyring her &s;elfe in her braue&s;t aray, when as the patient is &s;uddenly &s;uffocate by meanes of the &s;ud|den inundation of water ouercomming the noble parts.</P>
<P>No le&s;&s;e doth this impudent <HI>harlot</HI> deceiue vs in mo&s;t di&s;ea&s;es of the <HI>Che&s;t,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">In di&s;ea&s;es of the Che&s;t.</NOTE> in which we giue more credit to the
<PB N="18" REF="25"> <HI>&s;pittle</HI> then to the <HI>vrine:</HI> &s;o likewi&s;e in tho&s;e who doe ca&s;t vp <HI>choler,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">In ca&s;ting of blood, choler, &amp;c.</NOTE> <HI>phlegme, blood, &amp;c.</HI> the <HI>vrin<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"></HI> will giue vs no no|tice of the decaying and peri&s;hing of the &s;trength.</P>
<P>No le&s;&s;e deceitfull it is al&s;o in the <HI>vlcers of the throat,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">In vlcers of the throat.</NOTE> in the <HI>Inflammation of the palate of the mouth,</HI> the <HI>Ton&s;ils,</HI> and <HI>Squin&s;ie</HI> which doe &s;ometimes &s;trangle the &s;icke and di|&s;tre&s;&s;ed Patient.</P>
<P>Neyther yet can it giue vs any notice of the <HI>Piles</HI> or <HI>Hae|morrhoides,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">In Piles &amp; hae|morrhoides.</NOTE> the <HI>&s;wellings</HI> or <HI>ri&s;ings of the fundament,</HI> as al&s;o any <HI>outward &V;lcers,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">In outward di&s;+ea&s;es.</NOTE> or <HI>Impo&s;tumes, Itch, Scabs, French-pox,</HI> all &s;orts of <HI>Lasks,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">In Lasks.</NOTE> as likewi&s;e the <HI>bloody Flux,</HI> pa&s;&s;ing the finding out by the &s;ame.</P>
<P><NOTE PLACE="marg">Contractions, pal&s;ies, gout, ruptures, di&s;ea|&s;es of the mu|&s;cles and exter|nall griefes.</NOTE>Be&s;ides all the&s;e, the <HI>vrine</HI> can giue vs no notice of the <HI>contraction of the &s;inewes, pal&s;ies, di&s;ea&s;es of the ionts,</HI> the <HI>Sci|atica,</HI> or <HI>Hip gout,</HI> the <HI>Gout in hands,</HI> or <HI>feet,</HI> all the &s;orts of <HI>Ruptures,</HI> the <HI>di&s;ea&s;es of the mu&s;cles,</HI> and the <HI>outward annoy|ances which afflict the skinne,</HI> as al&s;o all <HI>outward tumors, ri|&s;ings,</HI> or <HI>&s;wellings.</HI> All which it is not hard to declare out of <HI>Galen</HI> him&s;elfe,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Gal. in comment lib. <HI>4</HI> Hippoc. de vict. acut.</NOTE> (whereas <HI>Hippocrates</HI> maketh mention of <HI>Conuultions,</HI> and other di&s;ea&s;es of the <HI>Sinewes,</HI>) who teacheth vs, that the danger or &s;ecuritie of the di&s;ea&s;e, can|not well be di&s;cerned by the concoction of the <HI>&V;rines.</HI></P>
<P><NOTE PLACE="marg">Vrins &s;omtimes not an&s;werable to the nature of the di&s;ea&s;e.</NOTE>This may al&s;o be added, that oftentimes in di&s;ea&s;es the <HI>&V;rine</HI> is of a remi&s;&s;e and low colour, when as it ought to be of an high; and contrariwi&s;e of an high, when as it ought to be of a low colour: the which I am able to proue both by rea&s;on, and examples.</P>
<P><NOTE PLACE="marg">Deceitfulne&s;&s;e in the iudge|ment by the in|&s;pection of V|rines, illu&s;trated by examples.</NOTE>Suppo&s;e therefore a man of a <HI>cholericke temperature,</HI> be|ing &s;icke likewi&s;e of a <HI>cholericke</HI> and <HI>hot di&s;ea&s;e,</HI> who&s;e <HI>&V;|rine</HI> &s;eemeth to be of a low colour; when as neuerthele&s;&s;e both in regard of the nature of the di&s;ea&s;e, and of his tem|perature, it ought to be of an high and deepe dyed colour. For if there be any ob&s;truction in the crooked and <HI>gibbous part</HI> of the <HI>Liuer,</HI> then is the like al&s;o in the <HI>veynes,</HI> &amp; <HI>other parts,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">In di&s;ea&s;es pro|ceeding of cho|ler.</NOTE> <HI>which goe directly to the kidneyes.</HI> Now in like manner, if the other pa&s;&s;age by the which <HI>Choler</HI> is conueyed from the <HI>Gall-bag</HI> to the <HI>Guts,</HI> to the end it may &s;tirre vp nature
<PB N="19" REF="25"> to the better expul&s;ion of the fecall excrements contained in them, (as wee haue already &s;aid) be enlarged, then the <HI>choler</HI> which before was accu&s;tomed to pa&s;&s;e into the <HI>bladder</HI> with the <HI>Vrine,</HI> pa&s;&s;eth to the <HI>Guts,</HI> and there often|times cau&s;eth a <HI>flix</HI> &amp; <HI>excoriation of the guts,</HI> for the which cau&s;e the <HI>Vrine</HI> al&s;o &s;eemeth then to be of a remi&s;&s;e colour. Or if perhaps <HI>Choler</HI> &s;hall take his way towards the <HI>Sto|macke,</HI> (as &s;ometimes it commeth to pa&s;&s;e) it procureth both a di&s;ta&s;te and loathing, as al&s;o ca&s;ting and reaching. In like manner if it &s;hall happen to be di&s;per&s;ed and &s;pread ouer the whole body, it produceth that di&s;eea&s;e which we commonly call the <HI>Iaundi&s;e.</HI> But if it &s;hall flye vp into the <HI>braine,</HI> (as in <HI>hot</HI> and <HI>acute Feuers</HI> is v&s;uall, as hath beene &s;aid) it cau&s;eth a <HI>phren&s;ie.</HI> In which and the like ca&s;es, it is more then manife&s;t that the <HI>Phy&s;itian</HI> may be deceiued ea|&s;ily in the iudgement of the <HI>&V;rine:</HI> and moreouer, if hee &s;hould ra&s;hly vpon the view of &s;uch an <HI>Vrine,</HI> pre&s;cribe hot remedies, might be a meanes of &s;hortning the Patients dayes.</P>
<P>In a phlegmaticke con&s;titution againe we &s;ee the ca&s;e quite contrary, the <HI>vrine</HI> often in a cold di&s;ea&s;e,<NOTE PLACE="marg">In a phlegma|tick co~&s;titution, &amp; cold di&s;ea&s;es.</NOTE> being of an high and inten&s;e, when as it ought rather to be of a low and remi&s;&s;e colour. This commeth often to pa&s;&s;e in the weake and feeble di&s;po&s;ition of the <HI>Liuer,</HI> the <HI>&s;eparating po|wer thereof being then much weakened,</HI> and the humors then being confu&s;edly melted together without any &s;eparation, in the which ca&s;e the <HI>vrine</HI> wil be of a <HI>reddi&s;h colour,</HI> l<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ke vn|to the water wherein raw bloody fle&s;h hath been wa&s;hed.</P>
<P>The <HI>&V;rine</HI> al&s;o is not a little dyed and coloured by rea|&s;on of &s;ome great paine,<NOTE PLACE="marg">In great griefes and paines.</NOTE> how&s;oeuer it come of a cold cau&s;e, e&s;pecially if the &s;ame doe incline towards the pa&s;&s;a|ges of the <HI>&V;rine,</HI> Nature in all grieuances and paines &s;en|ding <HI>blood</HI> and <HI>&s;pirits</HI> to &s;uccor the &s;ame, by which meanes it commeth to pa&s;&s;e, that the <HI>vrine</HI> receiueth from hence &s;ome alteration in color, as in the <HI>Colicke</HI> proceeding mo&s;t commonly of a cold cau&s;e. It is no hard matter to proue the &s;ame by authorities of the mo&s;t learned, ancient and
<PB N="20" REF="26"> famous Phy&s;itians, as hath beene already &s;aid. <HI>Auicenna</HI> him&s;elfe doth confirme the &s;ame in the&s;e words;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Avicen. <HI>2.</HI> prim. cap. <HI>2.</HI></NOTE> <HI>We mu&s;t not giue credit</HI> (&s;aith he) <HI>to the knowledge of the di&s;po&s;ition of the di&s;ea&s;e, which the vrine affordeth vs, vnle&s;&s;e &s;ome certaine conditions,</HI> (which he him&s;elfe afterwards reckoneth vp,) <HI>fir&s;t be ob&s;erued.</HI> And <HI>Gabriel de Taregna,</HI> a follower of <HI>A|uicenna,</HI> after many arguments, at length concludeth thus; <HI>The &s;igne taken from the vrine is deceitfull,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Gab. de Taregna quae&s;t. <HI>30.</HI></NOTE> <HI>and therefore doe not Phy&s;itians ra&s;hly iudge by the &s;ame onely, but doe likewi&s;e diligently enquire after other &s;ignes. For about the &s;ame mani|fold errors are committed, by rea&s;on the iudgement o<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> the &s;ame is ea&s;ily altered and changed, by the quantity or qualitie of dyet, or any other thing which may colour the &s;ame.</HI> With him agree <HI>Sauonarola, Petrus Aponus,</HI> or <HI>Aponen&s;is,</HI> called <HI>Con|ciliator,</HI> &amp; all other who haue written concerning <HI>Vrines.</HI> And that it may appeare that this is not the opinion of the <HI>Arabian Phy&s;itians</HI> alone, and their followers, but of the <HI>Greeke Phy&s;itians</HI> al&s;o, heare the learned <HI>Galen</HI> pronounce his opinion,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Gal. lib. <HI>1.</HI> de cri&s;. cap. <HI>7.</HI></NOTE> which all others doe imitate and follow: <HI>We mu&s;t therefore determine, that the &s;ignes of concoction in the in&s;truments of re&s;piration is the &s;pittle; of that in the veines, the Vrine; of that of the &s;tomacke and nether belly, the gro&s;&s;e, or fecall excrements. And in all manner of Feuers, becau&s;e they are pa&s;&s;ions, or grieuances of the veynes,</HI> (for in this kinde we doe likewi&s;e comprehend the Arteries) <HI>wee mu&s;t princially haue a regard to the vrines.</HI></P>
<P>And let it not &s;eeme &s;trange that here we comprehend the <HI>Arteries.</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Gal. lib. <HI>1.</HI> de differ F<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">br.</NOTE> For as <HI>Galen</HI> &s;aith very well, that by the <HI>me|diation</HI> of the <HI>veynes</HI> and <HI>arteries,</HI> the <HI>heart</HI> is &s;et on fire, as al&s;o, that there can be no <HI>Feuer,</HI> vnle&s;&s;e the <HI>heart</HI> be thus ouer-heated, no other member hauing this prerogatiue, to communicate &s;o great a di&s;temper to the whole body, as wee haue el&s;e-where at large declared.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fore&s;t. ob&s;eruat. medic. lib. de. Feb</NOTE> And becau&s;e the matter of the &s;ame may be as well in the <HI>arteries</HI> as in the <HI>veynes,</HI> hence it commeth to pa&s;&s;e, that <HI>Galen</HI> &s;peaking of the iudgement of <HI>&V;rines,</HI> doth among&s;t the <HI>veines</HI> com|p<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="3 letters"> and the <HI>arteries.</HI> And howbeit it be a more pure and
<PB N="21" REF="26"> refined <HI>blood</HI> in the <HI>arteries,</HI> then in the <HI>veines:</HI> yet doth the <HI>vrine</HI> notwith&s;tanding declare the di&s;po&s;ition of the blood contained in the &s;ame, and &s;o con&s;equently of the <HI>Feuer</HI> it &s;elfe.</P>
<P>Moreouer,<NOTE PLACE="marg">The Pul&s;e as well as the V|rine to be con|&s;idered in all di&s;ea&s;es.</NOTE> &s;ince the <HI>Arteries</HI> do containe the mo&s;t pure and refined <HI>blood,</HI> together with the <HI>vitall &s;pirits,</HI> by the motion therefore of the &s;ame, commonly called the <HI>Pul&s;e,</HI> no le&s;&s;e then by the <HI>vrines,</HI> do we know &amp; di&s;cerne a <HI>feuer,</HI> together with the di&s;po&s;ition of the <HI>heart</HI> and <HI>arteries;</HI> as al|&s;o &s;ome other grieuances, which by the <HI>vrine,</HI> (and that for diuers cau&s;es already declared) cannot be iudged of, as <HI>Galen</HI> him&s;elfe doth mo&s;t amply and &s;ufficiently declare.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Gal. lib. de Pul&s;. cognit. differ. &amp; cau&s;is.</NOTE></P>
<P>And how&s;oeuer it be now more then manife&s;t to the iu|dicious Reader, that the iudgement by <HI>vrines</HI> is for the mo&s;t part deceitfull in other di&s;ea&s;es then &s;uch as belong to the <HI>Liuer, veynes,</HI> together with &s;uch places,<NOTE PLACE="marg">In di&s;ea&s;es of the liuer, veins, &amp; vrinary pa&s;|&s;ages the vrine often deceiueth our iudgments.</NOTE> as are ap|pointed for the &s;eparation and conueyance of the <HI>vrine:</HI> yet is not the &s;ame, euen in &s;uch di&s;ea&s;es as it doth mo&s;t manife&s;tly lay open, alwayes to be tru&s;ted to. For often|times it commeth to pa&s;&s;e, that the di&s;ea&s;es of the <HI>Liuer</HI> and of the <HI>veynes,</HI> as al&s;o <HI>Feuers,</HI> are confu&s;edly intermin|gled one with another, hauing a certaine connexion, and as it were knitting together with other members: hence it commeth to pa&s;&s;e that the <HI>vrines,</HI> for diuers cau&s;es (which in the owne place we will relate) are ea&s;ily &s;ubiect to alteration, and doe no le&s;&s;e here deceiue vs, then they doe in other di&s;ea&s;es, which they impertinently &amp; weakly &s;ometimes lay open.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Co~ment. lib. <HI>4.</HI> de vict. r<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">tiene in morb. acut.</NOTE> And therefore well was it &s;aid of <HI>Galen,</HI> as we haue &s;aid already, that the &s;ecurity of the di&s;|ea&s;e cannot well be foretold by the concoction of the <HI>vrine</HI> onely. And for this cau&s;e in all his bookes, as well concer|ning <HI>Feuers,</HI> as the di&s;ea&s;es of the <HI>Liuer,</HI> he putteth downe a number of other &s;ignes be&s;ides the <HI>vrine.</HI> Of the &s;ame opinion is <HI>Hippocrates,</HI> as in his books is largely to be &s;een:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hipp. in progno&s;t. Actuarius. Rha&s;is.</NOTE> &s;o al&s;o is <HI>Actuarius</HI> in his bookes of <HI>&V;rines: Rha&s;is</HI> al&s;o, and many moe.</P>
<P>But hauing now partly by examples, and partly by
<PB N="22" REF="27"> &s;trong and firme rea&s;ons and authorities of the learned, declared that the iudgement of di&s;ea&s;es by <HI>vrines</HI> onely, is vncertaine, and full of fraud and deceit, and not in it &s;elfe &s;ufficient to giue vs notice of the whole nature and e&s;tate of the di&s;ea&s;e, we will now at greater length declare and lay open the &s;ame: this being di&s;cu&s;&s;ed, it will euidently appeare that we haue need of other &s;ignes for the better attaining to the full knowledge of the &s;ame. The which being confirmed, it &s;hall be much more ea&s;ie afterward to amend &s;uch abu&s;es as haue &s;ince crept in and incroached vpon this iudgement by <HI>vrines.</HI></P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 N="5" TYPE="chapter">
<HEAD><HI>CHAP. V.</HI> That the vrine and the iudgement of di&s;ea&s;es by the &s;ame, is not in it &s;elfe &s;ufficient to giue vs full notice, and &s;atisfaction of the whole e&s;tate and nature of di&s;ea&s;es.</HEAD>
<P>_NOw, to the end we may the better conceiue this matter, wee mu&s;t fetch &s;ome things from afarre, and repeat the &s;ame more par|ticularly concerning the differences of the parts of a mans body: by this meanes we &s;hall the more ea&s;ily vnfold the que&s;tion we haue in hand. Let vs heare therefore <HI>Galen</HI> him&s;elfe &s;peaking, as follow|eth:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Galen in arte medic. cap. <HI>9.</HI></NOTE> <HI>Now of the parts of a mans body there are in the whole foure differences; &s;ome of them being principall, and &s;ome againe hauing their originall and beginning from them:</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Diui&s;ion of the parts of a mans body.</NOTE> <HI>&s;ome haue neither the rule and gouernment of others, neither yet are they gouerned and ruled by others, as hauing from nature inbred powers, by vertue whereof they are gouerned: and la&s;tly, &s;ome haue both inbred powers, as al&s;o &s;ome flowing from others.</HI> Now the principall parts are the <HI>braine,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">The principall and more noble parts.</NOTE> the <HI>heart,</HI> the <HI>liuer,</HI> and the <HI>&s;tones.</HI> Now from the&s;e haue others originall and be|ginning, and mini&s;ter vnto them: fir&s;t from the <HI>braine</HI> are deriued the <HI>&s;inewes</HI> and <HI>marrow of the backe,</HI> which doe
<PB N="23" REF="27"> al&s;o mini&s;ter vnto the &s;ame;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Parts hauing their begin|nings from the &s;ame, and mini|&s;tring vnto the~.</NOTE> likewi&s;e the <HI>arteries</HI> vnto the <HI>heart;</HI> the <HI>veines</HI> to the <HI>liuer;</HI> the <HI>&s;eed ve&s;&s;els</HI> to the <HI>&s;tones:</HI> the fir&s;t three being &s;o ab&s;olutely nece&s;&s;ary, as without any of them the life of a man is not able to &s;ub&s;i&s;t; how&s;o|euer our idle <HI>vrine-mongers</HI> doe prate &s;trange things to the ignorant and rude multitude, as namely that the&s;e princi|pall members may be dimini&s;hed, or quite wa&s;ted away, without preiudice to the life:<NOTE PLACE="marg">A bold and im|pudent bea&s;t.</NOTE> And thus did a <HI>Braggado&s;ho</HI> cozening knaue make his bragges, that hee had cured a wound in the head, out of the which he had taken in a &s;poone a great portion of the patients <HI>braines,</HI> (and good rea&s;on, for I thinke he needed &s;ome him&s;elfe) who did notwith&s;tanding recouer. The&s;e <HI>lying prophets</HI> will al&s;o per&s;wade you that they can &s;ee by the <HI>vrine,</HI> that the <HI>Liuer</HI> is <HI>wa&s;ted</HI> away to the bigne&s;&s;e of a <HI>beane,</HI> or el&s;e quite con|&s;umed away, without any portion thereof remaining.</P>
<P>As for the <HI>&s;tones,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg" TYPE="runSum">An&s;wer to an Obiection.</NOTE> howbeit they bee not ab&s;olutely ne|ce&s;&s;ary for the &s;ub&s;i&s;ting of the life of man (witne&s;&s;e the&s;e lu&s;ty and in&s;atiable in lu&s;t, gallants, who haue payed deare for their plea&s;ure, hauing many of them both them and their yard quite rotted away with the <HI>French pox,</HI> and yet liued.) yet becau&s;e they are a meanes of pre&s;eruing man|kind, therefore doth <HI>Galen</HI> reckon them vp among the noble parts.</P>
<P>The <HI>braine</HI> then is the fountaine and well-&s;pring of &s;en&s;e and motion, imparting the &s;ame to the whole body,<NOTE PLACE="marg">The proper &amp; peculiar v&s;e of each of the noble parts.</NOTE> by meanes of the <HI>&s;inewes:</HI> the <HI>heart</HI> the trea&s;ure of life, of naturall heat, and &s;trength it &s;elfe, which by meanes of the <HI>arteries</HI> it doth communicate to the whole body: the <HI>liuer</HI> the originall and well-&s;pring of nutrition or nouri&s;h|ment, and containing in it &s;elfe &s;ome part of the naturall heat which floweth from the <HI>heart,</HI> and hath againe a par|ticipation with the whole body by meanes of the <HI>hollow veine:</HI> the &s;ame is the &s;pring and fountain of all the veines, and an in&s;trument framed by the fir&s;t founder <HI>Nature,</HI> (as we haue already &s;aid) for the better furtherance of the <HI>blood-making</HI> power. The <HI>&s;tones</HI> containe in them&s;elues an
<PB N="24" REF="28"> engendring power; they haue certaine ve&s;&s;els annexed vnto them, which likewi&s;e mini&s;ter vnto the &s;ame, called by our <HI>Anatomi&s;ts, Praeparantia te&s;tium,</HI> the which doe cleaue fa&s;t vnto them by crooked turnings and windings. Now the particles which are gouerned by them&s;elues,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Parts or parti|cles gouerned by them&s;elues.</NOTE> &s;uch as are the <HI>cartilages</HI> or <HI>gri&s;tles,</HI> the <HI>bones, ligaments, membranes, kernels,</HI> the <HI>fat,</HI> and the <HI>fle&s;h</HI> it &s;elfe, haue from <HI>Nature</HI> inbred powers, by vertue of the which they go|uerne them&s;elues. Now to gouerne the &s;elfe, is (as well hath ob&s;erued <HI>Ammonius Agricola</HI>) to retaine and keepe fa&s;t the powers,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Ammonius Agri|cola in comment. in art. Gal.</NOTE> by vertue of which the nouri&s;hment is concocted, for to them it doth belong to draw the nou|ri&s;hment, to retaine and keepe, to alter and change, to ioyne, vnite, and a&s;&s;imilate and make the &s;ame like to the &s;ub&s;tance of our bodies, as al&s;o to expell the &s;uperfluities: the which faculties and powers they receiue, not from any other, but are inbred with them&s;elues.</P>
<P>The parts which both haue inbred powers, and &s;ome againe which doe flow and &s;pring from others,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Parts which haue both in|bred powers, &amp; &s;ome againe which doe flow &amp; &s;pring from others.</NOTE> are the&s;e: the <HI>lungs,</HI> the <HI>&s;tomacke,</HI> the <HI>mother</HI> or <HI>womb, kidneyes, &s;pleen,</HI> and &s;uch others. And thus the <HI>lungs</HI> both receiue in and expell forth the ayre; the <HI>wombe</HI> draweth vnto it &s;elfe the &s;eed of generation, as al&s;o retaineth the &s;ame, and it doth al&s;o retaine the birth for a time, and in due and conuenient time againe expelleth the &s;ame; the <HI>&s;tomacke</HI> likewi&s;e di|ge&s;teth and concocteth the food, the <HI>Kidneyes</HI> draw vnto them&s;elues the <HI>Vrine,</HI> the <HI>&s;pleene,</HI> the <HI>melancholicke humour,</HI> &amp; therefore is defined, <HI>The organ or in&s;trument appointed for the clen&s;ing &amp; refining of the melancholy blood.</HI> Be&s;ides the&s;e they haue yet &s;ome powers flowing from other parts, for they had need of the <HI>arteries,</HI> that by means of the &s;ame the influence of life from the heart by vertue of naturall heat and the &s;pirits might bee conueyed vnto them: they had likewi&s;e need of the <HI>Veines</HI> to conuey nouri&s;hment vnto them from the <HI>Liuer:</HI> and of the <HI>Sinewes,</HI> that by the &s;ame, &s;en&s;e and motion might bee deriued vnto them. The <HI>Heart,</HI> which by the common con&s;ent as well of <HI>Phy&s;iti|ans</HI>
<PB N="25" REF="28"> as <HI>Philo&s;ophers,</HI> is holden to be the beginning and ori|ginall of the <HI>Arteries,</HI> had need of no <HI>Artery</HI> for it &s;elfe, but for the benefit of others; for from the left <HI>ventricle</HI> or hollow part thereof, there &s;pring two <HI>Arteries</HI> called <HI>Ar|teria veno&s;a,</HI> or <HI>&V;ein-like Artery,</HI> and <HI>Aorta.</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Arteria veno&s;a.</NOTE> The for|mer is conueyed into the <HI>Lungs,</HI> furni&s;hing them with &s;ome of the pure&s;t refined blood, and expelling fuligini|ous excrements from thence: it hath obtained the &s;ub|&s;tance of a <HI>Veine,</HI> to the end it might more ea&s;ily &s;uffer di|latation with the <HI>Lungs,</HI> as likewi&s;e becau&s;e in the birth yet being in the wombe, it &s;upplyeth the place of a <HI>Veine</HI> for the nouri&s;hment of the <HI>Lungs.</HI> The <HI>Artery</HI> called <HI>Aorta,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Aorta.</NOTE> doth plentifully furni&s;h and &s;upply with vitall &s;pi|rits the whole body: as &s;oone as it hath pa&s;&s;ed out of the <HI>Heart,</HI> it produceth in the vppermo&s;t Circle of the &s;ame the <HI>Artery</HI> called <HI>Coronaria,</HI> which &s;ometimes is double: immediately after, the <HI>trunke</HI> of this <HI>Aorta</HI> is diuided in|to two branches of vnequall bigne&s;&s;e, the vppermo&s;t be|ing the le&s;&s;er and the nethermo&s;t the bigger, &amp;c. On which diui&s;ions with many moe &s;ubdiui&s;ions we will not here in&s;i&s;t, nor yet on the &s;euerall diui&s;ions of <HI>Veines,</HI> pro|ceeding from the <HI>Liuer,</HI> and <HI>Sinewes</HI> proceeding from the <HI>Braine,</HI> referring the Reader de&s;irous of the knowledge of the &s;ame, to the great and many volumes of our ancient and later <HI>Anatomi&s;ts.</HI></P>
<P>Now all the&s;e members doe communicate one with a|nother, and by a certaine <HI>Sympathy</HI> or fellow-feeling, as by a certaine harmony and accord among&s;t them&s;elues are mutually affected one by another. As concerning the <HI>haire</HI> and <HI>nailes,</HI> they are not properly parts of the Body,<NOTE PLACE="marg">The hayre and nayles properly no parts of the body.</NOTE> as being depriued of life; (for the &s;oule doth not gouerne the&s;e parts, but engendreth onely the matter of the &s;ame, expelling it out of the body, as being &s;uperfluous) yet doth the haire adorne and couer &s;ome parts of the &s;ame: the nailes likewi&s;e doe take hold of the &s;malle&s;t things, they &s;cratch and take away the filth from the body. And be|&s;ides, both <HI>Hippocrates</HI> and <HI>Galen</HI> doe in many places wit|ne&s;&s;e of diuers Predictions taken from the nailes and
<PB N="26" REF="29"> haire in &s;ome dangerous and de&s;perate di&s;ea&s;es,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Forre&s;t. ob&s;eruat. medic. lib. de fe|bre Hectica.</NOTE> as in a <HI>Con&s;umption of the Lungs by vlcer,</HI> or <HI>other putrefaction, &amp;c.</HI> as wee haue at length &s;et forth el&s;e-where by liuely ex|amples.</P>
<P>Since therefore there is not one and the &s;ame difference of all the members or parts of a mans body, and there be|ing likewi&s;e diuers receptacles of the&s;e &s;uperfluities, it mu&s;t of nece&s;&s;ity follow that there mu&s;t needs bee like|wi&s;e a diuers and &s;euerall manner of iudging of the di&s;ea&s;es of the afore&s;aid parts. As &s;ince the <HI>Arteries,</HI> (a<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> wee haue already &s;aid) haue their originall and beginning from the <HI>heart;</HI> &s;o likewi&s;e by their perpetuall and re&s;tl<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">&s;&s;e motion, which wee commonly call the <HI>Pul&s;e,</HI> the di&s;ea&s;es of the <HI>Heart</HI> from what&s;oeuer cau&s;e they ari&s;e, are laid open vnto vs. The which is at great length and mo&s;t learnedly &s;et downe vnto vs in tho&s;e worthy bookes written by that famous <HI>Galen</HI> concerning this &s;ubiect.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Gal. lib. de pul&s;ib</NOTE></P>
<P>The di&s;ea&s;es al&s;o of the <HI>blood,</HI> and namely &s;uch as come by putrefaction of the &s;ame, the <HI>vrine</HI> hauing taken her o|riginall from the ma&s;&s;e of <HI>blood,</HI> and that againe from the <HI>liuer,</HI> it may declare the quantity and quality of the hu|mours, as al&s;o the chiefe infirmities both in the <HI>liuer</HI> and <HI>blood.</HI> So in like manner the vtterance and deliue<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ance of our &s;peech doth witne&s;&s;e the action of the rea&s;onable power, and by the weakne&s;&s;e of the <HI>&s;en&s;es</HI> and <HI>motion,</HI> the defects of the <HI>braine</HI> are knowne; and yet not by the&s;e on|ly, but al&s;o by the &s;pittle and excrements which proceed both out of <HI>no&s;e</HI> and <HI>eares;</HI> the&s;e being two notable pa&s;&s;a|ges in the <HI>palate of the mouth,</HI> that by the&s;e meanes the <HI>braines</HI> might the better be clen&s;ed from tho&s;e oppre&s;&s;ing excrements, &amp;c.</P>
<P><NOTE PLACE="marg">Di&s;ea&s;es of the head, eares, eyes, &amp;c can|not bee di&s;cer|ned by the Wa|ter.</NOTE>Now from the Premi&s;es it may ea&s;ily bee collected and deducted, that neither the di&s;ea&s;es of the <HI>eyes, eares, giddi|ne&s;&s;e of the braine, memory lo&s;t, a Lethargie, Apoplexie, falling-&s;ickne&s;&s;e, madne&s;&s;e,</HI> and other infirmities of the <HI>braine,</HI> can properly by the <HI>vrine</HI> be di&s;cerned: how&s;oeuer ignorant <HI>Empiricks</HI> and &s;uch like would faine per&s;wade vs the con|trary.
<PB N="27" REF="29"> To attaine therefore to the right knowledge of the i&s;&s;ue of the di&s;ea&s;e are many moe things to bee con&s;idered of, yea euen in &s;ome &s;uch di&s;ea&s;es oftentimes, in the which the <HI>vrine</HI> may &s;eeme mo&s;t to bee tru&s;ted to. And for this cau&s;e the famous <HI>Hippocrates</HI> doth not alwayes build his iudgement vpon the <HI>vrines</HI> onely; but before all (as is to bee &s;eene in his Predictions) taketh information from the face it &s;elfe, con&s;idering whether the <HI>no&s;trils bee &s;harpe,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Many things carefully to be con&s;idered of in di&s;ea&s;es be|&s;ides the Vrine, which require the per&s;onall pre&s;ence of the Phy&s;itian.</NOTE> <HI>the eyes hollow, the temples fallen flat, the eares cold and drawne to|gether, the skin of the browes hard, &s;tretched out, or dry, the colour of his whole face blacke, pale or lead-coloured, or like vn|to it.</HI> The &s;ame Author draweth al&s;o and collecteth &s;ome &s;ignes and tokens from the <HI>eyes</HI> them&s;elues, <HI>the eye-lids, the no&s;e and lips;</HI> &s;o doth hee in like &s;ort from the manner of <HI>lying, from the teeth, the mouth and &s;leepe, from the expiration and in&s;piration or breathing, from vlcers, and the carriage of the hands, as to &s;natch and pull the naps of the couerlid, motes and &s;trawes, all which are v&s;ually &s;eene in acute di&s;ea&s;es, being for the mo&s;t part dangerous, if not deadly &s;ignes.</HI> He taketh al&s;o notice of the <HI>&s;weat, the &s;ides of the belly, tumours, and &s;uppu|ration.</HI> And againe in another place he is very circum|&s;pect in ob&s;eruing the &s;tate of the <HI>belly, loynes, and flanckes, &s;wellings of the feet, the cold and heat of the vtmo&s;t parts, the waight of the hands, feet, and the whole body, the nayles and &s;tones, manner of &s;leeping, the fecall excrements; and final|ly, the vrines, ca&s;ting and &s;pitting it &s;elfe, &s;uppurations and ab|&s;ce&s;&s;es.</HI> And in his third Booke <HI>of Predictions</HI> he ob&s;er|ueth many things in <HI>feuers,</HI> the which are to be conceiued of by the eye and pre&s;ence of the <HI>Phy&s;itian,</HI> and not by the <HI>vrine</HI> &s;ent to his hou&s;e. And what doth he el&s;e in his books called <HI>Porrheticks.</HI> Many other things yet hee giueth in charge in another booke <HI>De probitate,</HI> which for breuities &s;ake we will here omit. Neither yet is any di&s;ea&s;e of the body knowne ab&s;olutely and &s;olely by <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">y one kind of ex|crement: but al&s;o by the place affected, the nature and property of the paine, together with &s;uch proper and pe|culiar accidents as are incident thereunto. And we may
<PB N="28" REF="30"> plainly perceiue that in the members of a mans body there is not one onely pa&s;&s;age appointed for the vnburdening the &s;elfe of &s;uch &s;uperfluities as doe annoy it, but moe: for &s;ome di&s;ea&s;es are di&s;cerned, as likewi&s;e ended and brought to a happy and hopefull i&s;&s;ue <HI>by hawking and &s;pit|ting vp, &s;ome by vomits, &s;tooles, vrine; and &s;ome by bleeding at the no&s;e, by the hemorrhoides or pyles,</HI> as in men: and &s;ome by their <HI>monthly flux,</HI> as in women: &s;ome againe by <HI>&s;weat,</HI> by <HI>breakings forth in the skinne,</HI> by <HI>pimpels, whelkes, bli&s;ters,</HI> and the like: and &s;ome yet after another manner. Hence al&s;o well &s;aid our fore&s;aid mo&s;t renowned <HI>Hippocrates</HI> el&s;e|where;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hippoc. aphor. <HI>12</HI> lib. <HI>1.</HI> &amp; Gal. <HI>1.</HI> de cri&s;p. cap. <HI>7.</HI></NOTE> <HI>As well the &s;ea&s;ons of the yeare, as the &s;ucce&s;&s;iue en|crea&s;ing of the fits, whether they come daily, euery other day, or by longer di&s;tance of time, &s;hall declare vnto thee the approa|ching of the fits, together with the nature and &s;tate of the di|&s;ea&s;e al&s;o, &amp;c.</HI> In the which places both of them make mention of diuers other &s;ignes be&s;ides the <HI>vrine,</HI> which the learned Reader may there &s;ee at great length.</P>
<P>It is then apparent by the premi&s;&s;es, that euery &s;euerall part of the body hath the owne proper and peculiar con|duits, pipes, and pa&s;&s;ages, not onely for this end and pur|po&s;e, that by the&s;e excrements and &s;uperfluities which do &s;uperabound in them, wee may giue iudgement of the nature of the di&s;ea&s;e: but al&s;o to the end that the &s;ame mat|ter (when&s;oeuer need requireth) may by tho&s;e pa&s;&s;ages more commodiou&s;ly and conueniently be conueyed and expelled out of the body, as is at length to be &s;eene both in <HI>Hippocrates</HI> and <HI>Galen,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Hippoc. lib. de vict. acut. Gal. lib. <HI>11.</HI> meth.</NOTE> who&s;e words for breuity I will not rehear&s;e. The conclu&s;ion will then be ea&s;ie to be de|duced from the premi&s;&s;es, that &s;ince there are &s;o many &s;e|uerall parts of the body which haue their &s;euerall pa&s;&s;ages to vnburden their &s;euerall &s;uperfluities and excrements; all di&s;ea&s;es canno<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> &s;<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">fficiently be di&s;cerned not taken no|tice of by the in&s;pection of the <HI>vrine</HI> onely: and therefore who&s;oeuer doe boldly and peremptorily maintaine and auouch the &s;ame (as commonly do <HI>vrine-monger-empiricks,</HI> and a number of other &s;uch cogging knaues, <HI>women-phy|&s;itians,</HI>
<PB N="29" REF="30"> &amp;c.) are, as mo&s;t dangerous and pernicious mem|bers, to bee &s;uffered in no well ordered Common|wealth.</P>
<P>Now &s;ince it is &s;o hard a thing to giue &s;ure and &s;etled iudgement by the <HI>vrine,</HI> let vs proceed to declare the &s;un|dry cau&s;es of the alterations and changes in <HI>vrines,</HI> which are the chiefe occa&s;ions of the vncertainty of this &s;igne.</P>
</DIV2>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 N="2" TYPE="book">
<PB N="30" REF="31">
<HEAD>ThE SECOND BOOKE.</HEAD>
<DIV2 TYPE="argument">
<HEAD>THE ARGVMENT.</HEAD>
<P>IN this &s;econd Booke are layd open and declared vn|to vs the cau&s;es hindring and changing the true and right iudgement by vrines, the which al&s;o doe now and then deceiue the mo&s;t learned and be&s;t skilled in their profe&s;sion: who here haue warning giuen them, not to be deluded by &s;uch things as haue &s;ome re&s;emblance with the vrine, by which al&s;o the vncer|tainty of the &s;ame is concluded. In the next place are made manife&s;t and laid open the impo&s;tures, fraud, craft, and cunning quillets and trickes, as al&s;o the notorious lies of the&s;e Empiricks, wandring water-mongers, &amp;c. by which meanes they notably cozen the common and ignorant people. And in the la&s;t place is &s;et downe the &s;implicity, tru&s;t, and confidence, which the&s;e poore ignorant idiots doe repo&s;e in the&s;e vaine babling, and more then &s;otti&s;h water-prophets: into the which &s;nare, not only the ruder and ignorant &s;ort of people, but euen &s;ome &s;uch al&s;o, as to the eyes of the world carry a &s;hew of better breeding, haue to their great preiudice beene inuolued.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 N="1" TYPE="chapter">
<PB N="31" REF="31">
<HEAD>THE ARRAIGNMENT of VRINES. <HI>CHAP. I.</HI> Of the diuers and &s;undry cau&s;es which doe hinder the iudge|ment by &V;rine.</HEAD>
<P>_NOw to the end that this matter may be the more iudiciou&s;ly handled, many things are of vs duly and deliberately to be con&s;idered, or el&s;e we may ea&s;ily goe be&s;ides the marke, as doe the&s;e ignorant a&s;&s;es, who giue their perem|ptory iudgement of any <HI>vrine</HI> that commeth at them. In the fir&s;t place then we will beginne with the <HI>Vrinall</HI> it &s;elfe,<NOTE PLACE="marg">The &s;ub&s;tance and colour of the Vrinall.</NOTE> in the which we are to behold the <HI>vrine,</HI> whereof we are to giue forth our iudgement. As concerning therefore the colour and &s;ub&s;tance thereof, the <HI>&V;rinall</HI> ought to be of a very thin, white, cleane and cleare gla&s;&s;e, to the end that the colours and contents of the <HI>vrine</HI> may the more exactly bee di&s;cerned and &s;eene therein. And this is the opinion of <HI>Actuarius</HI> al&s;o,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Actuar. lib. de iudiciis vr. n<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">|rum. cap. <HI>1</HI> de dif. matularum.</NOTE> and likewi&s;e of <HI>Auicenna.</HI> Such therefore as are of a greeni&s;h, yellowi&s;h, or yet of any other colour, as al&s;o &s;uch as haue any rough &s;pots or prints in them, how cleere or thin &s;o|euer the <HI>vrinall</HI> it &s;elfe be, are altogether to be reiected, for all the afore&s;aid defects may bee a meanes to alter and
<PB N="32" REF="32"> change, as well the colour, as the contents of the <HI>vrine.</HI> Of no le&s;&s;e moment, is the &s;hape, fa&s;hion or forme of the <HI>&V;rinall,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Of the diuers &s;hapes and fa&s;hions of Vrinals.</NOTE> the which doe much differ and vary, and there|fore the iudgement of the <HI>vrine</HI> is al&s;o by the &s;ame in &s;ome &s;ort hindred. For in <HI>Vrinals</HI> which are very wide, and the quantity of <HI>vrine</HI> but &s;mall, the &s;ame by rea&s;on of the wide|ne&s;&s;e of the <HI>Vrinall,</HI> is &s;o di&s;per&s;ed that we cannot well di|&s;cerne what height the contents doe take vp, the whole <HI>vrine</HI> it &s;elfe with all the contents being &s;o little eleuated in the &s;ame. <HI>&V;rinals</HI> al&s;o too long, narrow at the top and wide at the bottome, are not to be allowed of. Some again are v&s;ed in &s;ome parts of France plaine and flat bottomed, without any &s;phericall roundne&s;&s;e, but ri&s;e vp all alike, not vnlike to &s;ome wine cups which we v&s;e to drinke in, and &s;uch are altogether vnfit for this end and purpo&s;e. The be&s;t then and mo&s;t commodious,<NOTE PLACE="marg">The be&s;t fa&s;hio~ of Vrinals.</NOTE> and fit for this purpo&s;e, are (according to <HI>Actuarius</HI>) &s;uch as haue narrow and not flat bottomes, ri&s;ing vp wider and wider, much like the fa&s;hion of a pine apple turned vp&s;ide downe: and of this fa&s;hion as being mo&s;t commodious euery way, doe the <HI>Italian Phy&s;itians</HI> for the mo&s;t part v&s;e. And of this &s;ame opinion is <HI>Michael Savonarola,</HI> following in this al&s;o the authority of <HI>Avicenna.</HI> As for <HI>Empiricks, women-phy|&s;itians,</HI> and &s;uch other, they little regard the forme or fa|&s;hion, colour, or any thing el&s;e which concerneth the <HI>vrinall,</HI> their aduice being all one whether the <HI>vrinall</HI> bee thicke or thinne, greene, red, or yellow, or yet of any other colour.</P>
<P>Now from the <HI>vrinall</HI> let vs come to the houre, proper and fit time for the in&s;pection of the <HI>vrine.</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">The fit &amp; pro|per time of in|&s;pection of vrines.</NOTE> According to the vncontrolled cu&s;tome therefore of all <HI>Phy&s;itians,</HI> that <HI>vrine</HI> is to be viewed which was made in the night time, after the fir&s;t &s;leepe: for then ordinarily and in mo&s;t peo|ple, is the fir&s;t concoction, which is performed in the <HI>&s;to|macke</HI> and <HI>liuer,</HI> accompli&s;hed; the which in the mo&s;t part of people v&s;eth mo&s;t commonly to be fini&s;hed in &s;ix or &s;euen houres after the houre of &s;upper, howbeit in &s;ome
<PB N="23" REF="32"> &s;ooner, as in children and &s;uch as are lu&s;ty, and in the prime of their age; but in old men and the weaker &s;ort, later. The <HI>vrine</HI> then made about this time doth com|monly retaine its owne proper vigour and force, for if it be longer kept, it is parched vp and dried with heat, from whence it commeth to pa&s;&s;e that the liuely colour of the &s;ame is changed. Be&s;ides, in the night time the conco|ction is much better performed then in the day, the body being then freed from immoderate and violent exerci&s;es, as al&s;o the mind more free from cares and all manner of perturbations. Hence al&s;o it commeth to pa&s;&s;e that wee may more ea&s;ily and euidently know either &s;ecurity or danger by that <HI>vrine</HI> which is made in the morning then by that which was made either after or yet a long time before. We may notwith&s;tanding re&s;erue and keepe each <HI>vrine</HI> made in the night by it &s;elfe in &s;euerall <HI>vrinals,</HI> and &s;o looke vpon each of them &s;euerally, to the end we may the more ea&s;ily di&s;cerne the changes and alterations of each one from the other.<NOTE PLACE="marg">The cu&s;tome of the Italian Phy&s;itians.</NOTE> This the <HI>Italian Phy&s;itians</HI> doe for the mo&s;t part ob&s;erue in their common practice with their patients: neither yet doe they view tho&s;e onely made in the night and in the morning, but al&s;o &s;uch as are made in the day time: and that by rea&s;on as well <HI>feuers</HI> as other di&s;ea&s;es doe trouble and mole&s;t vs &s;ometimes more in the day, and &s;ometimes more in the night time: and this cu|&s;tome I could wi&s;h all other <HI>Phy&s;itians</HI> to imitate and fol|low, to the intent they might &s;ee all the alterations and changes incident therein.</P>
<P>Notwith&s;tanding, as well in &s;ickne&s;&s;e as in health, make choice chiefly of &s;uch as are made towards the morning,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Actuar. lib. de iudiciis vrinae. Cap. <HI>3.</HI> Auicen. lib. <HI>1.</HI> Fen. <HI>2.</HI> cap. <HI>1.</HI> de vrinis. Gordonius cap. <HI>3.</HI> tr<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ctatu de vri|nis.</NOTE> as <HI>Avicenna</HI> al&s;o willeth. Of this matter <HI>Actuarius</HI> giueth vs large and ample in&s;tructions, who&s;e words for breuity I will here omit. Now the time of in&s;pection of an <HI>vrine,</HI> (according to <HI>Avicenna</HI>) ought to be within the &s;pace of an houre or little more after it is made. Of this opinion al&s;o was <HI>G<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">rdonius,</HI> who wi&s;hed that as &s;oone as the <HI>vrine</HI> was made it &s;hould pre&s;ently be put into a gla&s;&s;e <HI>vrinall,</HI>
<PB N="34" REF="33"> and in the patients owne hou&s;e &s;hewed vnto the <HI>Phy&s;itian,</HI> as al&s;o that after a little while he &s;hould againe view the &s;ame, to &s;ee whether it had &s;etled any re&s;idence or not: and not yet with this content, reuiew the &s;ame the third time, or oftner if need be, and that the better to ob&s;erue and di&s;cerne the diui&s;ion of the regions and contents thereof. All the&s;e things likewi&s;e would hee haue done within the &s;pace of an houre, for after the afore&s;aid &s;pace, euen according to <HI>Avicenna</HI> him&s;elfe, &s;carce can one giue any certaine iudgement thereby, by rea&s;on that common|ly in a little time the colour is &s;omewhat changed, and the &s;ub&s;tance thereof more thickned, for the heat of it being changed, the re&s;idence is di&s;ioyned and di&s;&s;olued, which maketh the &s;ub&s;tance thicker.</P>
<P><NOTE PLACE="marg">This vulgar &amp; ba&s;e manner of in&s;pection of vrines vn|knowne to the ancients.</NOTE>This vulgar &amp; ordinary manner of in&s;pection of <HI>vrines</HI> is not at all therefore to be regarded, the which none of tho&s;e ancient <HI>Phy&s;itians, Hippocrates, Galen,</HI> &amp; the re&s;t did v&s;e and practi&s;e. The be&s;t and mo&s;t iudicious and ingenious <HI>Phy|&s;itians</HI> of our time al&s;o, how&s;oeuer <HI>cu&s;tome</HI> like a tyrant hath &s;o preuailed, that &s;ometimes euen again&s;t their wils they are forced thereunto: yet it is much di&s;plea&s;ing to them, and doe ingenuou&s;ly acknowledge that they can better di&s;cern of the &s;tate of their Patient by once viewing of him then by ten or twenty &s;euerall in&s;pections of his <HI>vrine.</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">The powring forth of one ve&s;&s;ell into ano|ther are harder to be iudged.</NOTE> The powring forth of the <HI>vrine</HI> from one ve&s;&s;ell into another, may alter and marre the iudgement thereof, if the <HI>vrinall</HI> or pot our of the which it is powred, were neuer &s;o cleane, which is yet but &s;eldome.</P>
<P>The rea&s;on of this vncertainty is, becau&s;e the <HI>contents, bubbles,</HI> or <HI>&s;pume</HI> and <HI>re&s;idence,</HI> are &s;o &s;huffled out of their owne proper places, and &s;o confounded, that they cannot well be di&s;cerned. If moreouer a thicke <HI>vrine</HI> &s;hall be of|fered to thy con&s;ideration, which &s;hall need to be di&s;&s;ol|ued by the heat of the fire or warme water, thou mu&s;t not pronounce thy iudgement thereon, vntill &s;uch time as it be &s;etled againe: and be&s;ides, being once changed or al|tered by the fire, the iudgement by the &s;ame becommeth
<PB N="35" REF="33"> then much more &s;u&s;pected. Moreouer, &s;uch powred out <HI>vrines,</HI> although they were not thicke, but very thin, yet cannot on a &s;udden be con&s;idered of, vntill &s;uch time as the re&s;idence be gathered together againe, hauing al&s;o en|dured &s;ome dammage by meanes of the powring forth.</P>
<P>Againe,<NOTE PLACE="marg">The place pro|per for the in|&s;pection of Vrine.</NOTE> we mu&s;t well con&s;ider of the nature of the place, wherein we are to pa&s;&s;e our iudgement of <HI>vrines,</HI> for neither mu&s;t the light be too great, as where the Sun &s;hineth with his bright beames, for this might make the colour of the <HI>vrine</HI> &s;eeme more remi&s;&s;e then it is indeed; as al&s;o too darke a place may produce the contrary effect: wherefore the &s;ure&s;t and &s;afe&s;t is, to make choice of a place neither too darke nor yet too light.</P>
<P>Some things there are al&s;o from the which the <HI>vrine</HI> mu&s;t be kept,<NOTE PLACE="marg">The Vrine mu&s;t be kept from &s;haking and motion, as al&s;o from cold.</NOTE> to the end thou maye&s;t giue the more a&s;&s;u|red and &s;etled iudgement concerning the &s;ame. In the fir&s;t place, it mu&s;t bee carefully kept from great motion, &s;haking, or agitation, as hath beene already touched. In the next place, it mu&s;t be al&s;o well kept from cold, e&s;peci|ally from fro&s;t, which cau&s;eth the &s;ame &s;ooner to thicken, de&s;troying in &s;uch &s;ort the naturall heat thereof, that how|&s;oeuer it bee di&s;&s;olued by the heat of the fire, yet neuer commeth againe to the owne perfect nature and con&s;i|&s;tence which fir&s;t it had. Alike carefull mu&s;t we be (wit|ne&s;&s;e <HI>Avicenna,</HI> and diuers other <HI>Phy&s;itians</HI>) in keeping it from the heat,<NOTE PLACE="marg">It mu&s;t be kept from heat.</NOTE> as being a like inconuenience procured by the &s;ame, in that it hindreth the gathering together of the re&s;idence, making a great di&s;turbance and halfe ebullition therein, for the which cau&s;e it ought to be kept from the fire. Hence al&s;o is euinced the error of &s;uch as di&s;&s;ol|uing a thicke, muddy, and corrupt <HI>vrine</HI> by the heat of the fire or warme water, doe immediatel<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> giue iudgement thereof before it be fully &s;etled.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Euery thicke vrine is not to be di&s;&s;olued by the heat of the fire or warme water.</NOTE> And oftentimes it com|meth to pa&s;&s;e, that &s;uch <HI>vrines</HI> rather bubble vp then are truly indeed di&s;&s;olued. But if thou wilt let them without warming &s;ettle to the bottome, thou &s;halt there &s;ee a cer|taine thicki&s;h matter like vnto a&s;hes &s;ettle downe, which
<PB N="36" REF="34"> yet notwith&s;tanding is no proper re&s;idence, and in the vpper part of the <HI>Vrinall</HI> all will be cleare.</P>
<P>Such <HI>&V;rines</HI> therefore as at the fir&s;t making are thicke and muddy, it were be&s;t to let &s;ettle of them&s;elues; for &s;el|dome are &s;uch <HI>Vrines</HI> di&s;&s;olued with the fire, or at lea&s;t ve|ry hardly, as we haue already &s;aid.</P>
<P>Now &s;uch againe as when they are fir&s;t made are thin, and after a little &s;pace by meanes of the cold ayre doe a|gaine thicken and congeale, &s;uch I &s;ay it were farre better to view before they thicken; yet if this cannot bee &s;o con|ueniently effected, then may the &s;ame againe be di&s;&s;olued, and yet this in&s;pection will neuer be freed from &s;u&s;pition, as wee haue lately &s;aid. Not onely ought the <HI>&V;rines</HI> care|fully to be kept from the Premi&s;es, but euen from the wind<NOTE PLACE="marg">From the winde.</NOTE> al&s;o, le&s;t they bee troubled, and the re&s;idence &s;euered and di&s;per&s;ed &amp;c.</P>
<P>Be&s;ides the former Caueats, wee mu&s;t likewi&s;e looke that the <HI>&V;rine</HI> we are to giue iudgement vpon bee whole.<NOTE PLACE="marg">It mu&s;t bee whole.</NOTE> This argueth the error of &s;uch, as making a great quantity of <HI>&V;rine</HI> doe not &s;hew it all to the <HI>Phy&s;itian,</HI> but a part of the &s;ame onely, which often commeth to pa&s;&s;e in &s;uch as are troubled with the di&s;ea&s;e called <HI>Diabete.</HI> Neither yet are they without blame, who doe offer vnto the view of the <HI>Phy&s;itian</HI> diuers <HI>Vrines</HI> in &s;tead of one and the &s;ame, made a little &s;pace one after another, as e&s;pecially our Countrey people are accu&s;tomed &s;ometimes to doe, and &s;uch e&s;pecially as make but a little quantity at &s;euerall times: for their opinion is, that the greater quantity of <HI>Vrine</HI> there is, the more &s;etled and a&s;&s;ured iudgement may bee giuen thereby. The <HI>vrinal</HI> mu&s;t in like manner bee cleared<NOTE PLACE="marg">The Vrinall mu&s;t be cleane.</NOTE> &amp; wel &s;<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="3 letters">red from all ordure and filth, and not as the cu&s;tome of the Country people is, to put their <HI>Vrines</HI> in old &s;tincking bottles, lying it may be in the du&s;t or &s;moake a twelue-month, and in the which haue beene contained oyle, incke, vinegar, veruice, neuer &s;o much as once wa&s;h|ed out of them.</P>
<P>There bee yet many moe cau&s;es as well inward as out|ward,
<PB N="37" REF="34"> which make the iudgement of the <HI>Vrines</HI> vncertaine, which may be a &s;ufficient proofe and witne&s;&s;e of the vn|certainty thereof, as being &s;ubiect euery houre and mo|ment to &s;o many changes and alterations.<NOTE PLACE="marg">The quantity of dyet alte<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">e: the iudgemen<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> of the Vrine.</NOTE> The <HI>&V;rine</HI> then is very much altered and changed by the exce&s;&s;iue quantity of food which wee v&s;e: for if any one &s;hall with too great a quantity of meate or drinke ouercharge his <HI>&s;to|macke,</HI> naturall heat being oppre&s;&s;ed, and crude and raw humours engendred, &s;uch a ones <HI>Vrine</HI> &s;hall bee white and pale-coloured. If againe one &s;hall content him&s;elfe with a &s;mall portion of meate and drinke, naturall heat &s;hall bee more liuely and quicke, by which meanes al&s;o it commeth to pa&s;&s;e that &s;ome &s;mall quantity of that which &s;hall nou|ri&s;h the body, is turned to Choler, and &s;o coloureth the <HI>&V;rine:</HI> and for this cau&s;e the <HI>&V;rine</HI> of &s;uch as fa&s;t is of a fiery &s;affron-colour, thin withall, hauing but a &s;mall re&s;i|dence.</P>
<P>The <HI>vrine</HI> of &s;uch as are oppre&s;&s;ed with famine, accor|ding to <HI>Actuarius,</HI> is thin, white, and without re&s;idence, and may withall be &s;eene a certaine bright &s;hining in the &s;ame. No le&s;&s;e doth the quality of the food alter and change it; for hot things inflame the &s;ame, making it ap|peare of a high colour; cold things on the contrary doe abate and dimini&s;h it, which may mo&s;t manife&s;tly be &s;eene in tho&s;e who drinke water abundantly. The like alte|ra<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ion commeth to pa&s;&s;e by taking inwardly any &s;ub|&s;tance which dyeth or coloureth the <HI>vrine;</HI> and thus doe <HI>Rhubarb</HI> and <HI>Saffron</HI> dye the &s;ame of a yellowi&s;h colour, <HI>Ca&s;&s;ia</HI> with a blacki&s;h, Sallets with a greeni&s;h colour; &s;alt meates make it al&s;o of a blacki&s;h. <HI>Auicenna</HI> therefore giues vs warning that wee giue no iudgement of the <HI>Vrine</HI> of one that drinketh water, v&s;eth long ab&s;tinence, that in his meate or drinke v&s;eth any colour ng medicine, or yet that had taken any attractiue medicine, as purging <HI>choler, phlegme</HI> or <HI>melancholy;</HI> for tho&s;e doe in like manner colour the <HI>vrine:</HI> but &s;uch Phy&s;icke e&s;pecially as doth purge and clen&s;e by the <HI>vrine.</HI> It may then ea&s;ily appeare that hot
<PB N="38" REF="35"> things, &s;uch as are <HI>Garlicke, Onions, Pepper, Ginger,</HI> and the like &s;pices, as al&s;o <HI>Aqua-vitae,</HI> and other &s;uch &s;trong waters, as <HI>Wine</HI> al&s;o, doe &s;omewhat alter and change the colour of of the <HI>vrine:</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Hot or cold things doe change and al|ter the Vrine.</NOTE> cold things againe, as <HI>Lettice, Purcelane, Fi&s;h, &amp;c.</HI> doe abate the colour of the &s;ame. <HI>Dantzicke</HI> Beere will engender &s;o high and inten&s;e a darke yellow colour in the <HI>Vrine,</HI> that any one ignorant of their drink|ing thereof, would ea&s;ily bee induced to beleeue the party were mightily oppre&s;&s;ed with the Iaundi&s;e. It is therefore very requi&s;ite, diligently to enquire out the cau&s;es of this change and alteration in the <HI>Vrine,</HI> or el&s;e wee may ea&s;ily bee deceiued in our iudgement.</P>
<P>I haue knowne &s;ome who in their perfect health had naturally their <HI>vrine</HI> &s;o red and high coloured, that any man would haue iudged them to haue beene vexed with a Feuer. It were be&s;t therefore, if it were po&s;&s;ible, that the <HI>Phy&s;itian</HI> &s;hould before in the time of thy health be ac|quainted with thy ordinary <HI>Vrine;</HI> &s;o &s;hould hee bee more able in time of &s;ickne&s;&s;e to iudge of the fayling and decli|ning thereof from that it was wont to bee in health. And for this cau&s;e it is not ami&s;&s;e that one &s;hould bee well skil|led and exerci&s;ed in the &s;euerall Con&s;titutions, which doe produce diuers and differing <HI>Vrines.</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">The &s;euerall Con&s;titutions produce &s;eue|rall &s;orts of Vrines.</NOTE> <HI>Cholericke per&s;ons</HI> and <HI>Sanguine</HI> therfore, haue their <HI>vrines</HI> of a high, but the <HI>phleg|maticke</HI> and <HI>Melancholicke</HI> of a paler colour. For if in a cold complexion the <HI>&V;rine</HI> bee high coloured, it may &s;ig|nifie a Feuer, by rea&s;on it differeth much from that which is ordinary at other times, when as in a hotter Con&s;tituti|on it might &s;ignifie no &s;uch &s;waruing or failing from the naturall cour&s;e.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Strong and vi|olent exerci&s;es, watching, pa&s;|&s;ions of the minde, repleti|on and inaniti|on doe alter both the colour and &s;ub&s;tance of the Vrine.</NOTE> In like manner al&s;o, if with a hot Con&s;ti|tution a <HI>Feuer</HI> bee conioyned, and the <HI>Vrine</HI> bee pale co|loured, it is a &s;igne that the di&s;ea&s;e is like to be long, as al|&s;o it &s;carce proues to be a good &s;igne, in regard the <HI>Vrine</HI> doth &s;o farre &s;warue and decline from the own proper and naturall colour.</P>
<P>Be&s;ides all the premi&s;&s;es, &s;trong and violent exerci&s;es doe inflame the humours and &s;pirits, and by that meanes
<PB N="39" REF="35"> colour the <HI>&V;rine,</HI> making by con&s;equence the iudgement of it more hard and difficult. Watchings, pa&s;&s;ions of the minde, repletion and inanition doe alter al&s;o as well the colour as the &s;ub&s;tance thereof. The <HI>&V;rine</HI> is al&s;o al|tered according to the profe&s;&s;ion or cour&s;e of life,<NOTE PLACE="marg">The Profe&s;&s;ion or cour&s;e of life.</NOTE> vnto the which a man betaketh him&s;elfe. And thus <HI>Scriueners, Shoo-makers, Taylors, Fi&s;hermen,</HI> and &s;uch as lead a &s;itting life, haue for the mo&s;t part their <HI>vrine</HI> of a lighter and paler colour then others. On the contrary, <HI>Smiths, Husband|men, Day-labourers, Wre&s;tlers,</HI> &amp; the like, haue it mo&s;t com|monly of a higher colour.</P>
<P>The <HI>Sexe</HI> likewi&s;e doth produce no le&s;&s;e alteration and change:<NOTE PLACE="marg">The Sexe can|not be by the Vrine di&s;cer|ned.</NOTE> for a mans <HI>&V;rine</HI> is for the mo&s;t part of a higher colour, and the womans of a paler, with a more compact and better gathered together re&s;idence then a mans. And how&s;oeuer &s;ome haue laboured to teach how a womans <HI>Vrine</HI> may bee di&s;cerned from a mans, and on the contrary a mans from a womans; yet in regard of the mutability and manifold hinderances which may occurre, it is a very hard and difficult matter, (what&s;oeuer ignorant <HI>Empiricks, Women-Phy&s;itians,</HI> and the re&s;t of the like rabble would &s;eeme to per&s;wade) to bring to pa&s;&s;e: but that he &s;hall of|ten bewray his error and ignorance.</P>
<P>The <HI>Vrine</HI> is no le&s;&s;e altered in regard of the age,<NOTE PLACE="marg">The Vrine dif|fereth accor|ding to age.</NOTE> a young &s;ucking childs <HI>vrine</HI> being of all others mo&s;t incon|&s;tant, by rea&s;on that naturall heat in that age is almo&s;t drowned vp with &s;uperabundant moy&s;ture: but when they grow to riper yeares then doth the <HI>vrine</HI> &s;till alter ac|cording to their age, each age often differing &s;omewhat from another both in colour and contents. And in gene|rall, the neerer one growes to his con&s;i&s;ting age, the high|er in colour is the <HI>vrine,</HI> vntill it attaine vnto a perfect and bright golden colour, and the fewer contents it hath: a|gaine, after that time beginneth it to decline towards the white colour, the contents al&s;o increa&s;ing as the party go|eth backwards towards old age.</P>
<P>And therefore it is requi&s;ite to know the proper <HI>vrine</HI>
<PB N="40" REF="36"> of euery age, to the end wee may the better know in &s;ick|ne&s;&s;e how farre it doth differ from that it was in health: for if a childe hauing an ague, hath with the &s;ame a wa|tri&s;h <HI>vrine,</HI> it is dangerous, e&s;pecially if the concocting power bee &s;trong. In an old man an high coloured <HI>v|rine</HI> is very dangerous, in regard it argueth an exce&s;&s;iue heat,<NOTE PLACE="marg">The &s;ea&s;ons of the yeare.</NOTE> which &s;o much moi&s;ture cannot quench. The &s;ea|&s;ons of the yeare al&s;o carry with them &s;ome &s;troke in the alteration of the <HI>vrine;</HI> for in Summer the <HI>vrines</HI> are high coloured, and in Winter againe lower; in other &s;ea&s;ons of the yeare more temperate.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Lib de Iud. Vri. Cap <HI>8.</HI></NOTE> Of this doth <HI>Actuarius</HI> di&s;|cour&s;e at great length.</P>
<P>The like may be &s;aid of the Country or Climate<NOTE PLACE="marg">The Country and Climate.</NOTE> where|in one liueth; for &s;uch as dwell in hot Countries, haue commonly high-coloured <HI>vrines,</HI> in cold Countries con|trariwi&s;e. The dyet<NOTE PLACE="marg">The Dyet.</NOTE> likewi&s;e according to the quality of the &s;ame, hot or cold, moi&s;t or dry, may breed &s;ome altera|tion in the <HI>vrine.</HI> And thus meats of a good and laudable &s;ub&s;tance and ea&s;ie of dige&s;tion, doe engender &s;uch <HI>vrines</HI> as a temperate complexion v&s;eth to produce: and on the contrary, meates of euill quality and hard of dige&s;tion doe engender <HI>vrines</HI> of diuers colours, and thin, with &s;trange contents, &amp;c.</P>
<P>And finally, the &s;tructure and compo&s;ition of the body<NOTE PLACE="marg">The &s;tructure and compo&s;iti|on of the body.</NOTE> breedeth &s;ome alteration in this bu&s;ine&s;&s;e: for &s;uch as are thicke, fat, and corpulent, haue mo&s;t commonly very pale and low-coloured <HI>vrines,</HI> &s;uch almo&s;t as they who are pampered vp and liue in plea&s;ure and idlene&s;&s;e: But &s;uch as are leane and &s;lender haue it high coloured.</P>
<P>All the Premi&s;es then being duely ob&s;erued, wee may the more ea&s;ily conclude that the iudgement had by the <HI>vrine</HI> is very incon&s;tant, and oftentimes al&s;o very vncer|taine: but rightly to ob&s;erue the former conditions doth require a <HI>Phy&s;itian</HI> of excellent wit and extraordinary iudgement. If the ca&s;e &s;tand thus, what &s;hall wee &s;ay not onely of <HI>Empiricks, Women-Phy&s;itians,</HI> but al&s;o of many o|thers, who were neuer trained vp in this skill, and there|fore
<PB N="41" REF="36"> mu&s;t of nece&s;&s;ity faile farre more then the former, as walking without any guide in a great wilderne&s;&s;e: and therefore what&s;oeuer &s;uch people performe is but onely ca&s;uall, not proceeding from eyther skill or knowledge. But leauing a little while, the&s;e cogging and cozening Im|po&s;tors, vntill &s;uch time as we meet with them againe, and talke with them at more length; let vs proceed to de|clare how that oftentimes the be&s;t skilled Phy&s;itians may be by the <HI>vrine</HI> deceiued, if they &s;hall chance too much to relye vpon the &s;ame.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 N="2" TYPE="chapter">
<HEAD><HI>CHAP. II.</HI> After what manner it commeth to pa&s;&s;e that &s;ometimes famous Phy&s;itians, not a little skilled in their profe&s;&s;ion, may in the iudgement of vrines be deceiued.</HEAD>
<P>_THat the mo&s;t expert and skilfull Phy&s;itians may be ea&s;ily deceiued in the iudgement of an <HI>vrine,</HI> may ea&s;ily appeare in the <HI>Plague</HI> or <HI>Pe&s;tilence;</HI> in the which the <HI>vrine</HI> often offe|reth it &s;elfe to the eye, like a faire painted &s;trumpet, where no danger at all is to be di&s;cerned, if all the eyes of <HI>Argus,</HI> or of the &s;harp-&s;ighted <HI>Linceus,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Vrine may de|ceiue the be&s;t Phy&s;itian in the Plague.</NOTE> were loo|king on, when notwith&s;tanding, often in an in&s;tant, the poore patient payeth that debt which the greate&s;t Mo|narchs mu&s;t in their owne per&s;ons &s;atisfie, when&s;oeuer it &s;hall plea&s;e the creditor to call for the &s;ame. The ignorant <HI>Empiricke</HI> and the like, will be &s;traight confounded, as making no que&s;tion of the parties recouery, whereas the learned Phy&s;itian may haue as yet recour&s;e to the <HI>Pul&s;e,</HI> as a more certaine &s;igne (if hee dare aduenture his per&s;on, e&s;pecially in di&s;ea&s;es of the like nature and kinde) whereas the other is not able to giue any iudgement thereby.</P>
<P>The <HI>Pul&s;e</HI> therefore, as well here, as in many other di&s;|ea&s;es, hath a greater prerogatiue then the <HI>vrine,</HI> e&s;pecially in all &s;uch di&s;ea&s;es, wherein the <HI>vitall powers</HI> are endama|ged,
<PB N="42" REF="37"> giuing vs perfect notice of the &s;trength or weaknes of the Patient, the which the <HI>vrine</HI> will neuer performe. Hence this ver&s;e,
<Q><LG>
<L>&V;rinae fraudes, aperit di&s;cretio Pul&s;us.</L>
</LG>
<LG>
<L>The skill which &V;rine doth conceale,</L>
<L>The Pul&s;e the &s;ame to vs doth reueale.</L>
</LG></Q></P>
<P><NOTE PLACE="marg">The Pul&s;e in <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">any di&s;ea&s;es of <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">reater mome~t then the vrine.</NOTE>The <HI>Pul&s;e</HI> then doth more certainly informe our iudge|ment concerning the nature and &s;tate of &s;ome di&s;ea&s;es: the <HI>vrine</HI> againe of &s;ome others; yet &s;o as both ought to con|curre together, as al&s;o diuers other &s;ignes, whereof wee haue &s;aid &s;omewhat already.</P>
<P>Now to our purpo&s;e: the vncertainty of the <HI>Vrine</HI> did plainly appeare to my &s;elfe,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hi&s;tory.</NOTE> the other day in a Patient I went to vi&s;it at the <HI>Hage.</HI> At my comming thither, and entring into the Hall, before I came at him&s;elfe, I viewed his water, and found it to be very thin, white, and cleare like well-water: In&s;omuch as I would neuer haue drea|med of any <HI>burning Feuer,</HI> of the which neuerthele&s;&s;e they told me he lay &s;icke. Comming afterwards within the roome wherein he lay, hauing al&s;o touched his <HI>Pul&s;e,</HI> as likewi&s;e well viewed his face and euery part of the &s;ame, and after narrow inquiry of all that pa&s;&s;ed about the &s;icke, by meanes of the other Phy&s;itian then pre&s;ent, and the re&s;t of his friends: I did there declare vnto them, that not onely he was &s;icke of a <HI>burning Feuer,</HI> but that likewi&s;e on the &s;ame day, being the &s;euenth and <HI>criticall,</HI> he would fall into a <HI>deliration;</HI> then con&s;idering againe his &s;trength, I foretold them, that not onely would he fall into a <HI>delira|tion</HI> and rauing, but that al&s;o on the next day following he would dye rauing, and that by rea&s;on of his thinne and crude <HI>vrine,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Aphor.</HI> 72. <HI>lib.</HI> 4.</NOTE> according to the prediction of <HI>Hippocrates.</HI> All the which accordingly came to pa&s;&s;e, which purcha&s;ed me no &s;mall prai&s;e and credit in that place and Countrey round about. Now had I tru&s;ted to the <HI>vrine</HI> onely, I &s;hould haue iudged nothing el&s;e, &s;ame &s;ome indige&s;tion
<PB N="43" REF="37"> or cruditie in the <HI>&s;tomach,</HI> which &s;uch an <HI>vrine</HI> may al&s;o &s;ignifie; but my per&s;onall pre&s;ence, by meanes of the <HI>pul&s;e</HI> and other &s;ignes, di&s;couered that vnto mee which no <HI>v|rine</HI> could euer haue reuealed.</P>
<P>Bea&s;ts al&s;o make &s;ometimes <HI>vrines</HI> not vnlike vnto a mans, witne&s;&s;e the famous <HI>Hippocrates,</HI> in the&s;e words,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Aphor. <HI>70.</HI> lib.</NOTE> <HI>Who&s;oeuer maketh a troubled and thicke vrine, like vnto a hor&s;e, mare, &amp;c. &s;uch eyther are, or &s;hortly &s;hall be troubled with head-ach.</HI> If any then would be &s;o malitious or per|ver&s;e (as &s;ometime it hath beene ob&s;erued) as to offer the &s;ame to a Phy&s;itian to pa&s;&s;e his opinion vpon the &s;ame in &s;tead of a mans or womans, this might indeed redound to the confu&s;ion of an impo&s;torious <HI>Empiricke, woman-phy&s;itian,</HI> or &s;uch ordinary <HI>vrine-mongers,</HI> as doe peremp|torily pronounce that they are able to di&s;cerne any thing by the <HI>vrine:</HI> but I &s;ee not how this can impeach the cre|dit and reputation of the learned and iudicious Phy&s;itian, who doth not leane vpon this broken Reed, but compa|ring all the &s;ignes together, giueth &s;ure and &s;olid iudge|ment concerning the &s;tate and nature of the di&s;ea&s;e.</P>
<P>But if the&s;e ignorant Idiots were narrowly pryed into, one might take them often tripping after as gro&s;&s;e a man|ner as was a certaine woman in <HI>Holland.</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Impo&s;ture of a woman-phy&s;i|tian.</NOTE> A certaine man dwelling in <HI>Saint Eliges</HI> village fell &s;icke, vpon which oc|ca&s;ion his wife po&s;ted away her maid to a <HI>woman phy&s;itian</HI> for&s;ooth, dwelling a little way from thence; the maid mi&s;taking, for the <HI>vrine</HI> carryeth with her &s;ome fayre wa|ter to this famous Phy&s;itian. Shee to play her part hand|&s;omely, with a &s;ober cariage, and &s;tayed countenance tels wonders by this water: but the good woman the &s;icke-mans wife, perceiuing the maid mi&s;t<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">en, followes after her apace; but all too late, this <HI>wi&s;e-woman</HI> hauing already giuen out her verdict, and pa&s;&s;ed her opinion vpon this &s;uppo&s;ed <HI>vrine:</HI> and now &s;eeing the true <HI>vrine</HI> arriue, all confounded and a&s;hamed (for &s;he might well enough) &s;he mo&s;t earne&s;tly entreated this woman that &s;hee would not di&s;couer this her &s;o notorious impo&s;ture and cozenage.</P>
<PB N="44" REF="38">
<P>But as concerning bea&s;ts vrines, we haue no intent here to di&s;cour&s;e of them: but who &s;o would &s;ee more of that matter,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Gordon. de vrinis, cap. <HI>2.</HI> &amp; cap <HI>5.</HI> Avicen lib. <HI>1.</HI> fen. <HI>2.</HI> cap. <HI>11. 12.</HI> Bertrut. in com|pend. Medic. cap. <HI>2.</HI> de Inform. me|dic. &amp;c.</NOTE> let him looke <HI>Gordonius,</HI> and there he may &s;ee &s;om|thing of that &s;ubiect; as al&s;o concerning honey, &s;yrops, and &s;uch other liquors mingled with the <HI>vrine,</HI> and that onely with a purpo&s;e and intent to deceiue: but the&s;e peo|ple thinking to deceiue others, are often deceiued them|&s;elues, the harme returning homewards vpon their owne heads.</P>
<P>If any one would yet obiect, that the in&s;pection of <HI>V|rines</HI> is then of no v&s;e at all: let it be an&s;wered &s;uch a one, that <HI>the abu&s;e doth not take away the totall and right v&s;e there|of,</HI> being e&s;pecially practi&s;ed as we haue &s;aid. But who&s;o|euer would well be skilled in the true contemplation of <HI>vrines,</HI> together with the predictions belonging thereun|to, &s;etting a&s;ide all fraud and impo&s;ture, I thinke it very requi&s;ite for h<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">m to reade ouer &s;uch Authors as haue lear|nedly written of this &s;ubiect, the which are not a few. A|mong&s;t the re&s;t,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Actuar. lib. <HI>7.</HI> de vrinis. Ambro&s;ius, Leo, Nolanus latinita|te denavit. Iaco|bus Gopylus re|cognovit.</NOTE> in my opinion, <HI>Actuarius</HI> in regard of <HI>Greeke</HI> Writers, hath done &s;o worthily in this point, that few &s;ure haue exceeded him, and many &s;ince haue &s;econ|ded him, who all were here too tedious to relate. Of the which knowledge the&s;e people of whom we haue lately &s;poken, being altogether ignorant, as al&s;o of the &s;euerall &s;ignes of di&s;ea&s;es, together with their proper &s;ignifica|tions, hauing neuer beene trained vp in the nur&s;eries of good learning, vnder learned and iudicious Phy&s;itians (in this ca&s;e ab&s;olutely nece&s;&s;ary) it followeth of nece&s;&s;ity, that their pretended in&s;pection of <HI>vrines,</HI> and iudgement: thereby, is nothing el&s;e but impo&s;torious coniecture, and their &s;eeming knowledge nothing el&s;e but notorious ig|norance masked with this vizard.</P>
<P><NOTE PLACE="marg">A &s;harpe &s;ight requi&s;ite to iudg well of vrines.</NOTE>Now be&s;ides all the premi&s;&s;es, he that will excell in this skill and knowledge, mu&s;t be endued with a good &s;harpe &s;ight, to the end he may be the better able to di&s;cerne as well the &s;euerall colours as contents thereof. The generall and maine conclu&s;ion therefore abideth firme, &s;tedfa&s;t,
<PB N="45" REF="38"> and vnmouable, that the iudgement and skill of the na|ture of di&s;ea&s;es attained vnto by the &s;ole in&s;pection of <HI>&V;|rines,</HI> (e&s;pecially as it is now generally v&s;ed or rather abu|&s;ed) is of no force or validity at all, but the occa&s;ion ra|ther of innumerable dangers and inconueniences.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 N="3" TYPE="chapter">
<HEAD><HI>CHAP. III.</HI> That Empiricke-Vrine-mongers, Mountebankes, Quacke&s;al|uers, Women-Phy&s;itians, and re&s;t of that rabble, by their in&s;pections of &V;rines, doe rather tell lies then truth, the which notwith&s;tanding they per&s;wade the too-too credulous, and &s;imple, vnlearned and ignorant people, to bee as true as &s;acred Oracles.</HEAD>
<P>_NOw hauing hitherto declared the vncer|tainty of this Signe, and that e&s;pecially &s;uch are deceiued in the iudgement of <HI>&V;|rines,</HI> as doe not marke and ob&s;erue, or at lea&s;t &s;lightly pa&s;&s;e ouer &s;uch rules as wee haue declared already, which learned and iudicious <HI>Phy&s;i|tians</HI> haue &s;et down to be ob&s;erued; It is now requi&s;ite that wee in&s;i&s;t a little vpon the cozenage, cogging and im|po&s;ture of our ordinary <HI>Empirickes,</HI> and &s;uch others as be|long to that fellow&s;hip and &s;ociety.</P>
<P>This &s;cumme and off-&s;couring of people,<NOTE PLACE="marg">The cunning knaueries of impo&s;torious <HI>Empiricall</HI> Wa|termongers.</NOTE> without con&s;cience and hone&s;ty, yet &s;eeking by all craft and cun|ning as well to attaine to &s;ome credit and reputation a|mong&s;t the people, as to conuey vnto them&s;elues &s;ome part of <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">heir wealth and riches, and that vnder &s;ome faire counterfeit colour of skill in the Profe&s;&s;ion of <HI>Phy&s;icke,</HI> being withall con&s;cious to them&s;elues of their owne in|&s;ufficiency, and ignorant of the &s;ignes, cau&s;es, and con&s;e|quently of the right cure of di&s;ea&s;es, to the attaining of the which the mo&s;t learned <HI>Phy&s;itians</HI> be&s;tow no &s;mall la|bour and paines, then haue they recour&s;e to the Sanctuary
<PB N="46" REF="39"> of vnlearned fooles, to wit, the iudgement or rather im|po&s;ture by <HI>&V;rines.</HI></P>
<P>This cozenage co&s;ts them but little labour, and ea&s;ily become they mai&s;ters in this My&s;tery; for if they can but by their tricks and cunning iuggling impo&s;ture fi&s;h out any thing of the&s;e poore Country ignorant A&s;&s;es, they will like Parrats prate of the &s;ame againe at great length, per&s;wading by this meanes the &s;illy and &s;imple ignorant multitude (apt euer to bee carried away more with &s;ha|dowes and &s;hewes then &s;ub&s;tances) that they farre exceed the mo&s;t learned and experienced <HI>Phy&s;itians,</HI> all their skill notwith&s;tanding being nothing el&s;e but meer coniectures &amp; impo&s;torious deluding of the &s;impler &s;ort. One of this crew the other day per&s;waded a woman a neighbour of ours vpon the &s;ight of her <HI>vrine,</HI> that her heart was al ouer|growne with certaine &s;mall wheales like the &s;mall Poxe, the impo&s;tor pointing notwith&s;tanding to the place of the <HI>&s;tomach</HI> or <HI>maw,</HI> (&s;o ignorant was hee of <HI>Anatomy</HI>) which hee pretended to be the &s;ole and onely cau&s;e of her paine and mi&s;ery. And yet it is well knowne to the learned and iudicious <HI>Phy&s;itian,</HI> that the heart can endure and &s;uf|fer neither <HI>wheales, tumours, vlceration, ab&s;ce&s;&s;e</HI> nor <HI>impo|&s;tume,</HI> but pre&s;ently procureth the di&s;&s;olution of the crea|ture; &s;o noble and nece&s;&s;ary a member is this Princely part.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Gal. lib. <HI>5.</HI> cap. <HI>1.</HI> de locis affectis.</NOTE> <HI>Galen</HI> indeed did ob&s;erue in an <HI>Ape</HI> which died of a Con&s;umption, that in the <HI>pericardium</HI> or skin which enuironeth and compa&s;&s;eth the heart round about, was a certaine ri&s;ing or tumour, containing in the &s;ame &s;uch a watri&s;h humour, as the wheales doe commonly containe, the &s;ole and onely cau&s;e which procured this langui&s;h|ing di&s;ea&s;e and death to this vnrea&s;onable creature. Nei|ther yet was this in the body and &s;ub&s;tance of the <HI>heart</HI> it &s;elfe, the which al&s;o as other &s;uch di&s;ea&s;es, no <HI>Vrine</HI> was euer able to lay open vnto thee. The goodman Wood|cocke this womans husband hauing had the opinion of an hone&s;t and learned <HI>Phy&s;itian</HI> concerning her di&s;ea&s;e, and the true cau&s;e of it, as being a crudity &amp; indige&s;tion of
<PB N="47" REF="39"> her <HI>&s;tomack,</HI> yet gaue more credit to this notable impo&s;tor, who giuing her a violent medicine to &s;coure vpwards and downwards (as is their v&s;uall manner) left her in a wor&s;e ca&s;e then he found her.</P>
<P>This &s;ort of &s;otti&s;h people are not content to abound in their owne ignorance,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sotti&s;h and ig|norant people are not able to iudge aright of the truth.</NOTE> and willingly walke in blindne&s;&s;e and error, but are al&s;o ready for the mo&s;t part to blame and di&s;grace the be&s;t and mo&s;t learned <HI>Phy&s;itians,</HI> who if they had the hundreth eyes of <HI>Argus,</HI> could &s;ee no &s;uch matter in the <HI>Vrine,</HI> as they &s;otti&s;hly imagine. Such a one was that Countrey Lob,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Cap. <HI>1.</HI> de Vri|nis.</NOTE> of whom &s;peakes <HI>Michael Sauonaro|la,</HI> who hauing fallen off his Cart and brui&s;ed his body, did much reproach a skilfull and very learned <HI>Phy&s;itian,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Blocki&s;h &s;tupi|dity of a Coun|try Lob.</NOTE> becau&s;e hee could &s;ee neither Cart nor Oxen in his <HI>&V;rine.</HI> So blocki&s;h and &s;o &s;otti&s;h is this vulgar &s;ort of people,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Quid di&s;tent aera Lupinis. <HI>Horat.</HI></NOTE> that (as <HI>Horace</HI> &s;aith) they &s;car&s;e <HI>know chalke from chee&s;e,</HI> not a|ble to di&s;cerne truth from fal&s;hood, or to di&s;tingui&s;h be|twixt that which is vpright, and that which is &s;ophi&s;ticate and adulterate: they &s;till delight like Swine to lye wal|lowing in the mire; their common cu&s;tome being to fa|uour Impo&s;tors, <HI>Empiricks,</HI> and cozening knaues, pray|&s;ing and extolling them aboue the skyes, how be it often and mo&s;t commonly deluded &amp; gro&s;ly abu&s;ed by them: on the other &s;ide deba&s;ing and contemning the skilfull and learned <HI>Phy&s;itian</HI> who &s;ticks to the truth, and that as &s;eemeth, for no other rea&s;on but becau&s;e hee will not alone relye vpon the vncertaine &s;igne of <HI>&V;rine,</HI> being de&s;irous to compare all the &s;ignes together, and from thence deli|uer certaine and &s;ure iudgement concerning the future e|uent of the di&s;ea&s;e.</P>
<P>And what dare not the&s;e fool-hardy iuggling knaues babble out in the pre&s;ence of the ignorant and vnlearned people? For if perhaps in giuing of their graue aduice for&s;ooth concerning the <HI>vrine,</HI> they &s;hall haue forgotten any thing, or haue not hit the naile on the head, then &s;traight haue they recour&s;e to their cogging and lying, e&s;&s;entiall properties belonging vnto them. Then maye&s;t
<PB N="48" REF="40"> thou heare them tell wonders by the <HI>Water:</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">The wonders which <HI>Empi|ricks</HI> &s;ee by the <HI>Vrine.</HI></NOTE> &s;ometimes that the <HI>&s;tomach</HI> is fallen out of the owne place, which they will make no doubt to re&s;tore againe into the &s;ame: &s;omtimes againe that there are certaine little wheals full of water growne vpon the body or &s;ub&s;tance of the <HI>Liuer,</HI> or el&s;e &s;ome little &s;tones about the bigne&s;&s;e of beanes growne within the &s;ame, or the &s;ub&s;tance thereof to bee quite wa|&s;ted away with Venery or too much drinking. Some|times thou mai&s;t heare them prate that the braines are fal|len clo&s;e together; that the pipes of the <HI>lungs</HI> are &s;tuffed vp, and that hence it commeth to pa&s;&s;e that they are able to vtter no &s;ound; that the <HI>heart</HI> likewi&s;e is full of watri&s;h wheales; that the <HI>&s;pleene</HI> is wa&s;ted away to nothing; that the <HI>kidneyes</HI> wa&s;t apace and are voyded by <HI>vrine;</HI> that the <HI>bladder</HI> is bur&s;t, &s;o that it can no more containe the <HI>vrine;</HI> and finally that the <HI>guts</HI> are bur&s;t, which cau&s;eth the voyd|ing of the excrements vpwards. And who can reckon vp all their Lies?</P>
<P>All the&s;e former defects notwith&s;tanding, will they promi&s;e to repaire with great facility, new <HI>braines, hearts; liuers, lungs,</HI> (O noble and famous, infamous I had al|mo&s;t &s;aid, <HI>Phy&s;itians</HI>) and what not.</P>
<Q><LG>
<L><NOTE PLACE="marg">Horat.</NOTE>Parturient montes, na&s;cetur ridiculus mus.</L>
</LG>
<LG>
<L>The hideous hils in labour and paine &s;hall bee,</L>
<L>A &s;illy mou&s;e brought forth then &s;hall wee &s;ee.</L>
</LG></Q>
<P>But of all the&s;e faire flouri&s;hes and golden promi&s;es, what findeth the poore Patient but &s;carce leaden effects? To make this more plainly appeare to the ingenuous and iudicious Reader,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hi&s;tory of the Impo&s;ture of an vnskilfull <HI>Phy&s;itian,</HI> affir|ming that the <HI>Liuer</HI> was wa|&s;ted to the big|nes of a beane.</NOTE> it &s;hall not be ami&s;&s;e here to in&s;ert &s;ome certaine &s;tories which haue hapned here of late among our neighbours.</P>
<P>Not long &s;ince came to mee a maid-&s;eruant bringing to mee her Mi&s;tri&s;&s;es <HI>vrine,</HI> the which was thicke, troubled and muddy, enclining to the colour of wine, of a reddi&s;h colour, being al&s;o in a &s;mall quantity; the which hauing a
<PB N="49" REF="40"> little viewed, I demanded of the maid, whether the wo|man were loo&s;e in her body or bound? &s;he an&s;wered that for many dayes together &s;he had beene very loo&s;e. The which hauing heard, I iudged &s;traight that this <HI>flux</HI> came by rea&s;on of the weakne&s;&s;e of the <HI>liuer.</HI> And becau&s;e &s;uch an <HI>vrine</HI> (according to the opinion of <HI>Actuarius</HI>) doth of|ten &s;ignifie <HI>blood</HI> mingled with <HI>choler,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Actuar. lib. de praeuid. ex vrin. cap. <HI>7.</HI></NOTE> I told that &s;hee was troubled with a bloody flux proceeding from the <HI>liuer:</HI> Not that I would peremptorily maintaine that &s;uch an <HI>Hepaticall flux,</HI> or yet of any other &s;ort or kind, can or may bee a&s;&s;uredly knowne by the <HI>vrine</HI> onely, it being &s;o deceitfull and vncertaine a &s;igne. But fir&s;t the &s;mall quantity, as al&s;o the colour of the &s;ame, made mee more confident, yet not certaine and a&s;&s;ured, vntill &s;uch time as I enquired fir&s;t of the <HI>flux,</HI> and then of the conti|nuance thereof: The maid then admiring my iudgement, did confe&s;&s;e that the ca&s;e &s;tood iu&s;t as I had declared vnto her: and that moreouer another <HI>Phy&s;itian</HI> (whom &s;he cal|led a <HI>Doctor,</HI> and that not without cau&s;e, for he gaue him|&s;elfe forth for no le&s;&s;e, both in his beard, apparell, and fa|&s;hion of cariage, hauing liued a long time in the Vniuer|&s;ity of <HI>Cologue,</HI> and now being returned home, practi&s;ed Phy&s;icke apace) had hitherto, but all in vaine, laboured to cure her of her di&s;ea&s;e, but that in her iudgement &s;ince &s;he had refrained from his Phy&s;icke, &s;hee found her &s;elfe much better, howbeit the former flux were not as yet quite &s;topped. This <HI>Phy&s;itian</HI> moreouer (&s;aith &s;he) affir|med that her <HI>liuer</HI> was already wa&s;ted away to the big|ne&s;&s;e of a beane, and that now it groweth againe. The which when I heard I could not refraine from laughing, an&s;wering her after this manner: It is an ea&s;ie matter for this famous <HI>Phy&s;itian</HI> to per&s;wade thee, and thy mi&s;tre&s;&s;e al&s;o, but not &s;o mee: for if thy mi&s;tre&s;&s;es <HI>liuer</HI> were thus wa&s;ted, &s;he could neuer haue liued vntill this time.<NOTE PLACE="marg">A prie&s;t water-prophet per|&s;waded one that his Liuer was wa&s;ted away.</NOTE></P>
<P>The like did a certaine <HI>Prie&s;t,</HI> a famous <HI>water-prophet,</HI> (who is here in &s;o great account for his &s;uppo&s;ed <HI>iudge|ment</HI> of <HI>&V;rines</HI>) per&s;wade one of my acquaintance, that
<PB N="50" REF="41"> his <HI>liuer</HI> was quite wa&s;ted away with exce&s;&s;iue drinking: the vulgar &s;ort holding a certaine opinion, that great drunkards wa&s;te away both their <HI>liuer</HI> and <HI>lungs.</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">A woman-phy|&s;itian per&s;wa|ding a Gentle|man that his Liuer was wa|&s;ted away.</NOTE> No le&s;&s;e ridiculous and ab&s;urd then the former, was that which <HI>&V;alerius Cordus</HI> relateth concerning a <HI>woman-phy&s;itian; I know</HI> (&s;aith he) <HI>a certaine infamous iugling witch, which per|&s;waded a certaine Gentleman that his liuer had beene by too much lechery exceedingly decayed, and at la&s;t quite wa&s;ted away by little and little, and in conclu&s;ion wre&s;ted out of this Gentleman</HI> 80. <HI>Florins,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Neere 10. li. &s;terling.</NOTE> <HI>for the which &s;he promi&s;ed to make him a new Liuer againe.</HI> The&s;e and the like are very ordinary and v&s;uall among&s;t them; the which notwith&s;tanding, any that is iudicious may know to be farre otherwi&s;e. For neither can the <HI>liuer</HI> nor the <HI>lungs</HI> bee wanting in the body of man, the one being the in&s;trument of &s;anguifica|tion, wherein the <HI>blood</HI> is prepared, and from thence di|&s;tributed ouer the whole body; the other al&s;o as with a bellowes refre&s;hing the feruent heat of the <HI>heart;</HI> and both being &s;o nece&s;&s;ary and needfull, as without them we can &s;carce liue a minute of an houre.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Seuerer puni&s;h|ment due vnto &s;uch people then to coun|terfeiters of the Princes coyne.</NOTE> Such as counter|feit or clip the Kings coyne, are (and that mo&s;t worthily) puni&s;hed after a mo&s;t &s;euere and exemplary manner: And yet the&s;e vile and wicked wretches commit a more hey|nous crime in defacing, yea and often in quite marring the image of that great and mighty Monarch, the ble&s;&s;ed God him&s;elfe, marryring and torturing the &s;icke bodies with their violent, dangerous, and imprepared drugs, &s;uch as are <HI>Colocynthis, Scammonec, Stibium, Hellebore, or &s;nee&s;ing powder,</HI> (the which altogether vnprepared they doe mo&s;t commonly v&s;e) that oftentimes after the bare &s;ight of an <HI>vrine</HI> onely, hauing admini&s;tred the &s;ame vnto them, they &s;hortly after change this cra&s;ie life for a better. And yet &s;o farre are they from puni&s;hment, that the multitude admire them, yea oftentimes &s;uch cozeners are in no &s;mall account (the greater pitty) among&s;t &s;ome great men, who ough<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> rather to dete&s;t and reiect out of their companie &s;uch var|lets. And yet giue they not ouer &s;o, but doe yet continue
<PB N="51" REF="41"> and deui&s;e gro&s;&s;er lies then the former, affirming that trees grow in peoples bellies, and that by in&s;pection of the <HI>vrine</HI> onely. I will therefore relate &s;omething of mine owne knowledge concerning this matter.</P>
<P>When as I practi&s;ed phy&s;icke in the Towne of <HI>Alcmar</HI> in <HI>Holland,</HI> I was &s;ent for into <HI>The&s;&s;aly,</HI> an Iland in <HI>Holland,</HI> to a Gentleman there di&s;ea&s;ed: and among&s;t other <HI>vrines</HI> which were then (according to the old inueterate cu|&s;tome) brought vnto mee to behold, a certaine woman brought me an <HI>vrine</HI> al&s;o. This <HI>vrine</HI> was white and thin,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Notable impo|&s;ture of a cog|ging knaue, per&s;wading people that trees grew in their bellies.</NOTE> tran&s;parent and cleere, crude, and without any re&s;idence: all which doe euidently demon&s;trate crudity, and euill dige&s;tion and concoction of the <HI>&s;tomacke,</HI> together with great ob&s;tructions of the <HI>liuer:</HI> the <HI>belly</HI> being al&s;o withall exceedingly &s;welled, it was no hard matter to di&s;cerne that her di&s;ea&s;e was a <HI>Drop&s;ie.</HI> I demanded therefore whether &s;he had beene long thus or no? Who an&s;wered me that &s;he had beene of a long time troubled therewith, as al&s;o that certaine yeares agoe &s;he &s;ent her <HI>vrine</HI> to a very skil|full <HI>Phy&s;itian,</HI> as they commonly reputed him: this cog|ging knaue (after he had heard of the &s;welling of her bel|ly) told her that a great tree was growne in her belly, the which now did &s;o &s;well it vp that &s;he was &s;carce able to &s;tirre vp and downe: yea and moreouer, that there was no &s;mall danger le&s;t very &s;hortly her belly &s;hould bur&s;t by the extraordinary encrea&s;e of the &s;ame: this villane withall did brag of a medicine hee had, by the which hee could quite rid her of this tree, and re&s;tore her to her former health againe: the which if this potion did not performe, the Ra&s;call did con&s;tantly auouch, that the be&s;t and skil|fulle&s;t <HI>Phy&s;itians</HI> in all the Country could neuer cure her: This pretious potion which co&s;t 4. Florins,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Neere 10. &s;hil|lings &s;terling.</NOTE> being &s;wal|lowed downe, came farre &s;hort of this Ra&s;cals promi&s;e, but yet did an&s;wer their v&s;uall performance, that is, did no good at all, if not hurt. But after a few moneths her <HI><GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="3 letters">uell</HI> bur&s;t of it owne accord, and by that meanes great &s;tore of water was voyded out of her belly, and &s;hee, as
<PB N="52" REF="42"> was her conceit, perfectly cured. But after a certaine time, the cau&s;e not being remoued, &s;he fell againe in a relap&s;e, and now the di&s;ea&s;e being inueterate, and &s;hee carele&s;&s;e, and perhaps &s;omewhat neere and too couetous withall, made at length exchange of this life with another. This woman if &s;he had ob&s;erued that golden rule, that <HI>occa&s;ion and opportunity</HI> (according to <HI>Hippocrates) is &s;wift and &s;pee|dy:</HI> when as Nature it &s;elfe opened a pa&s;&s;age, might per|haps haue found helpe: as likewi&s;e if &s;he had been as boun|tifull to a learned and skilfull <HI>Phy&s;itian</HI> as to her <HI>Empirick.</HI> The like opinion of a tree was likewi&s;e had of a <HI>Printers</HI> wife in the Towne of <HI>Delfe,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">A Printers wife of <HI>Delfe</HI> thought to haue a tree in her belly, cured.</NOTE> and that not by the more common &s;ort, but euen by many of tho&s;e who were thought to be of better vnder&s;tanding. There being di|uers opinions concerning her di&s;ea&s;e, I was of opinion that &s;hee was not with child (as a certaine Midwife and &s;ome others were) neither yet that &s;he had either trees or &s;hrubs in her belly, but rather that &s;hee had conceiued a confu&s;ed lumpe of fle&s;h, conioyned with &s;ome wind, the which my opinion was by the i&s;&s;ue and &s;ucce&s;&s;e confir|med, &s;he being by my meanes throughly cured. Now be|fore we depart out of this thicket of trees, let vs yet adde one &s;tory more touching this matter.</P>
<P><NOTE PLACE="marg">A woman of <HI>Alemare</HI> in <HI>Holland</HI> &s;uppo|&s;ed to haue a tree in her bellie.</NOTE>A certaine woman dwelling in the Towne of <HI>Alcmare</HI> in <HI>Holland,</HI> was both with child and troubled with a <HI>drop|&s;ie.</HI> But fiue dayes after this woman was brought to bed, &s;he died, her belly being not at all fallen. Hence aro&s;e this rumour of &s;ome ignorant &s;ots, altogether ignorant of our Art, auouching that yet a tree remained behind; o|thers that there was yet another child behind; others, a <HI>fal&s;e conception;</HI> and finally &s;ome others per&s;waded the friends that &s;ome watri&s;h wheales like pox were growne vpon the <HI>liuer,</HI> and that from thence this water had di&s;til|led into the belly. As for my &s;elfe I maintained that &s;hee was with child, &amp; withal her belly &s;welled vp with wate<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> the which the i&s;&s;ue afterwards made manife&s;t, when as t<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters"> dead corps being opened, there i&s;&s;ued forth of the &s;ame di|uers
<PB N="53" REF="42"> gallons of water: But as for either tree or wheales, as fal&s;ly was &s;uppo&s;ed, was there none to be &s;eene, howbeit both <HI>liuer</HI> &amp; <HI>&s;pleen</HI> were become <HI>&s;chirrous</HI> &amp; hard as &s;tones. But the&s;e ignorant a&s;&s;es wil not here yet giue ouer,<NOTE PLACE="marg">The ridiculous iudgement of an old Nunne concerning a woman with child.</NOTE> but co~|fidently affirme that they are able to tell thee by the <HI>vrine,</HI> whether a woman be with child or no. Thus of late a cer|taine old <HI>Gran-dame</HI> (whom I know well) per&s;waded &s;ome of her neighbours, that &s;he did euidently &s;ee in an <HI>vrine</HI> brought to her, a woman with child: and yet was this good go&s;&s;ip her &s;elfe &s;o old and blind, that &s;he could &s;carce know him that brought her the <HI>vrine,</HI> he being notwith|&s;tanding one of her old acquaintance. This good old woman was neuer a whit a&s;hamed, howbeit a Nunne, and a religious per&s;on by profe&s;&s;ion, to broach &s;o gro&s;&s;e and palpable lies.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Another ridi|culous conie|cture by vrine.</NOTE> This &s;ame renowned and worthy woman bragged often that &s;he could &s;ee the coffins wherein the dead are laid, &s;wimming in the <HI>vrine</HI> of &s;uch as were like|ly to dye. But the&s;e are but trifles in compari&s;on of &s;uch peoples rare and admirable skill in di&s;cerning by the <HI>vrine</HI> the age of the patient, the time when he fell &s;icke, and how long hee hath thus continued, what he hath eaten and drunke, what hath beene the occa&s;ion of his di&s;ea&s;e, what is done about him, both at that in&s;tant and at other times: and to conclude, euery outward thing, (the which accor|ding to <HI>Galen</HI> are infinite) as the barking of dogs, noy&s;es, cryings, and great clamours; and to be briefe, all externall and outward di&s;ea&s;es, as the <HI>French pox,</HI> and many others. Now further,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Auicen. lib. <HI>2.</HI> fen. <HI>2.</HI></NOTE> how&s;oeuer <HI>Auicenna</HI> and &s;ome others &s;eeme to be of opinion that a mans <HI>vrine</HI> may be di&s;cerned from a womans: yet it is a thing altogether impo&s;&s;ible, a&s;&s;ured|ly without failing to di&s;cerne the one from the other:<NOTE PLACE="marg">The &s;exe can|not alwayes &amp; ab&s;olutely be di&s;cerned by the vrine.</NOTE> for as well may a womans <HI>vrine</HI> &s;ometimes be thin and of a good &amp; laudable colour, proceeding of &s;ome other cau&s;e, as a mans; and againe on the contrary, a man may &s;ome|<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="3 letters">es haue a thicke, white, and not &s;o faire an <HI>vrine</HI> to looke vpon, as a woman; but e&s;pecially if he bee &s;ea&s;ed with any di&s;ea&s;e. And for this cau&s;e the <HI>Phy&s;itians</HI> of be&s;t
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<PB N="54" REF="44"> note and fame, being wholly addicted vnto the truth, are not a&s;hamed to confe&s;&s;e as much, to wit, that &s;uch con|iectures are oftentimes idle and vncertaine, and therefore not to be tru&s;ted vnto. That ca&s;ually and by chance they may &s;ometimes hit home, as the blind man throwes his &s;taffe, I doe not deny: but that any can a&s;&s;uredly and without all faile declare the one from the other, &s;hall ne|uer be proued. But &s;uch coniectures proue often &s;uch as was that of a certaine impo&s;tor, who deluded his Ho&s;t ve|ry cunningly, which came thus to pa&s;&s;e.</P>
<P><NOTE PLACE="marg">An Apothecary cunningly delu|ded by an Em|piricke.</NOTE>A certainc <HI>Empiricke</HI> of <HI>Groningen</HI> was lately receiued and entertained in an <HI>Apothecaries</HI> hou&s;e, on condition that hee would after a while teach him by what Art and skill he could di&s;cerne the &s;exe, whether a mans or a wo|mans <HI>vrine.</HI> After that this cunning knaue had liued a long while at the <HI>Apothecaries</HI> co&s;t, and fared as well as his Ho&s;t, the Ho&s;te&s;&s;e beganne to grumble &s;eeing &s;o vnprofi|table a gue&s;t haue &s;o long entertainment at her hou&s;e with|out any profit to their pur&s;es; and was very earne&s;t with her husband, to giue him his pa&s;port, and &s;end him pack|ing. The poore <HI>Apothecary</HI> beganne at length to hearken vnto his wiues reque&s;t, and now at his gue&s;ts departure intreated him that he would performe his promi&s;e long &s;ince made vnto him, expecting at his gue&s;ts hands a full reward of his &s;o liberall and long ho&s;pitalitie. This cun|ning Cheater an&s;wered him thus: Take good heed when|&s;oeuer any one bringeth thee an <HI>vrine,</HI> for if entring into thy chamber he or &s;he &s;et the right foot formo&s;t, then is it a mans <HI>vrine;</HI> if the left fir&s;t, then is it a womans. The poore woodcocke all a&s;hamed of him&s;elfe, was forced to &s;it downe with the lo&s;&s;e: yet did his wife &s;o be&s;tirre her tongue again&s;t her deluded husband (and &s;ome cau&s;e &s;he had) that he was forced to put vp a petition to her for a quiet life.</P>
<P>As the <HI>vrine</HI> onely cannot giue vs &s;ure and vndoub<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="3 letters"> knowledge of the &s;exe, no more certainty doth it affo<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters"> vs concerning a womans being with childe. And how&s;o|euer
<PB N="55" REF="44"> <HI>Avicenna</HI> in the afore alledged place &s;eemes to &s;ay o|therwi&s;e:<NOTE PLACE="marg">That a woman is with childe, cannot be di&s;|cerned by the vrine onely.</NOTE> yet <HI>Savonarola</HI> explaining this text in his Booke of <HI>&V;rines,</HI> giues vs warning not to relye too much on the&s;e vncertaine &s;ignes onely, the which may as well ap|peare in a womans <HI>vrine</HI> that is not with childe, as name|ly in the retention of their monethly di&s;ea&s;e, and in a fal&s;e conception, in&s;omuch that in &s;uch ca&s;es the mo&s;t learned, and of the be&s;t note and reputation, haue beene deceiued, and &s;o expo&s;ed them&s;elues to ignominy and di&s;grace.</P>
<P>Thus it hapned to two of the mo&s;t famous Phy&s;itians of that time, both of them belonging to the Vniuer&s;ity of <HI>Parye,</HI> to wit, <HI>Mar&s;ilius de &s;ancta Sophia,</HI> and <HI>Petrus Tu|&s;ignanus,</HI> who both being too-too confident in &s;o vncer|taine a &s;igne (how&s;oeuer otherwi&s;e endued with &s;ingular skill and learning, as their learned workes doe yet beare witne&s;&s;e to the world) in this point did erre and were de|ceiued. Their error &s;hould make vs looke better about vs, and not re&s;t vpon this &s;o vncertaine a &s;igne alone, but to con&s;ider likewi&s;e of all &s;uch &s;ignes as doe commonly ac|company women with childe, at great length de&s;cribed in the large volumes of ancient and later Phy&s;itians. And for this cau&s;e the mo&s;t iudicious and learned Phy&s;itians are mo&s;t &s;paring in this point: but the ignorant <HI>Empiricke, woman-phy&s;itians,</HI> and &s;uch, are mo&s;t confident and a&s;&s;u|red in this &s;o vncertaine and deceitfull a &s;igne, which of|tentimes turnes to the great preiudice and hurt of many a one: as of late the &s;onne of a <HI>Iew</HI> being an <HI>Empiricke,</HI> ha|uing &s;ent to him the <HI>vrine</HI> of a womans in the towne of <HI>Delfe,</HI> and not &s;o much as once &s;u&s;pecting the woman to be with child, &s;o farre was this runnagate from the true knowledge of the &s;ame, that hee admini&s;tred vnto her a mo&s;t violent purge, which wrought &s;o violently both vp|ward and downward, that in a &s;hort time not onely was &s;he deliuered of two dead children, but &s;hee al&s;o her &s;elfe immediately after went the way of all fle&s;h. But wee will pro&s;ecute this argument at greater length hereafter, and therefore we will here breathe a little.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 N="4" TYPE="chapter">
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<HEAD><HI>CHAP. IIII.</HI> Of the impo&s;ture, fraud, deceit, and cunning trickes which wandring water-mongers, roguing Empirickes, and &s;uch like cogging cozeners doe v&s;e in deliuering their opinions concerning vrines.</HEAD>
<P>_HOwbeit heretofore we haue in &s;ome &s;ort laid open &s;ome of the&s;e impo&s;tures and deceits of &s;uch as doe abu&s;e the world in this kind: yet will wee now in this Chapter proceed to lay open &s;ome more (for all, it were hard for any one) and that more fully then here|tofore. This kinde of people &s;eemeth to haue ca&s;t off not onely all hone&s;ty, and &s;old them&s;elues to worke all man|ner of wickedne&s;&s;e with greedine&s;&s;e: but euen to haue de|nyed all Diuinity and diuine prouidence. For they are not content to v&s;e &s;ome ordinary &s;lights and trickes to en|trap and en&s;nare the more meane and &s;imple &s;ort of peo|ple,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Diuers actions of Vrin<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">mo~gers whereby they a|bu&s;e the more &s;imple &s;ort.</NOTE> as viewing their <HI>vrines</HI> at a looking-gla&s;&s;e; &s;ometimes running to and fro with the &s;ame, &s;ometimes lightning a candle at the noonetide of the day, powring out now and then &s;ome drops of the &s;ame, and againe &s;ometimes &s;ha|king it in the <HI>vrinall,</HI> &s;melling now and then to it (and I could wi&s;h they would ta&s;te it to) &s;etting &s;ometimes their <HI>vrinals,</HI> their ca&s;es, or both, before, or at the entry of their doores, to the view of the world, and all to the end they may, like cozening raskals, draw more water to their mils, and cu&s;tome to their &s;hops: But yet (which is mo&s;t wic|ked and abhominable both before GOD and <HI>man</HI>) the&s;e imps of Satan doe to their former impo&s;tures, when they will not &s;erue their turnes, adde &s;uch vnlawfull and dam|nable practices, as the Enemy of mankinde, that old Ser|pent hath taught them.</P>
<P>And thus are they not onely iniurious to them&s;elues, and their owne &s;oules, but doe endanger many a &s;illy &s;oule al&s;o, which commeth vnto them for this Diabolicall
<PB N="57" REF="45"> coun&s;ell. This &s;ome of them doe performe by meanes of a ring,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Coniecture of vrines by meanes of a ring applied to the care.</NOTE> holding neere to their eare their finger with this ring vpon it, as though the Diuell did fir&s;t round them in the eare the opinion and coniecture, which afterwards they deliuer to &s;uch as come to them to that end and pur|po&s;e. And to the end more credit may be giuen to them, they doe openly profe&s;&s;e, that &s;uch rings are in <HI>Venice</HI> o|penly to be &s;old. It was told me al&s;o that an <HI>Empiricke-Surgeon</HI> had &s;uch a Ring, who told wonders by the <HI>water,</HI> to the great wonder and amazement of many: to him I once al&s;o my &s;elfe went with a <HI>water,</HI> who holding his Ring neere his eare, told me &s;trangely in order the cir|cum&s;tance of the di&s;ea&s;e.</P>
<P>And yet this manner of coniecturing by <HI>vrines</HI> is flatly forbidden vs in the Law of <HI>Mo&s;es,</HI> where it is &s;aid,<NOTE PLACE="marg">All manner of commerce or c<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">mpact with familiar &s;pirits forbidden in Gods word. Leuit. 20.27. Deut. 18.10.11.12.</NOTE> <HI>A man or woman that hath a familiar Spirit, or is a wizzard, &s;hall &s;urely dye, &amp;c.</HI> So likewi&s;e in <HI>Deuteronomy: There &s;hall not be found among you one that v&s;eth diuination, or an ob|&s;eruer of times, or an inchanter, or witch, or charmer, or con|&s;ulter with familiar Spirits, or wizzard, or Necromancer. For all that doe the&s;e things are an abhomination to the Lord.</HI> Therefore dyed <HI>Ahaziah</HI> King of <HI>I&s;rael,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">2 King. 1.</NOTE> becau&s;e in his &s;ickne&s;&s;e, contemning GOD and good meanes, to wit, true <HI>Phy&s;itians,</HI> he &s;ent to con&s;ult with <HI>Beelzebub</HI> the <HI>god</HI> of <HI>Accaron.</HI> And Saint <HI>Ierome</HI> vpon <HI>Ieremiah,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Ier. cap. 11. 1 <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">am.</NOTE> witne&s;&s;<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">th the &s;ame. The like cariage furthered King <HI>Saul</HI> to that mo&s;t mi&s;erable end.</P>
<P>Hence therefore wee learne this, that how&s;oeuer the LORD doe not pre&s;ently hearken vnto our prayers, and grant our reque&s;ts, yet ought we not to haue recour&s;e vn|to the <HI>deuill,</HI> who can neuer mini&s;ter true helpe to tho&s;e that wor&s;hip him: but rather &s;till in&s;tantly wee ought to implore and beg for the help of our mo&s;t gracious GOD.</P>
<P>The <HI>deuill</HI> likewi&s;e being a mo&s;t cunning craft&s;ma&s;ter,<NOTE PLACE="marg">What people are mo&s;t v&s;ually employed in &s;uch impo|&s;tures.</NOTE> makes choice of &s;uch vncleane and wicked per&s;ons, recei|uing them into his &s;eruice, to the end hee may by their meanes more ea&s;ily deceiue and intrap others: as namely,
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<PB N="58" REF="50"> a <HI>perfidious Iew,</HI> an <HI>apo&s;tate</HI> and <HI>runnagate Monke,</HI> an <HI>igno|rant Pari&s;h-prie&s;t, &V;agabonds, cheating</HI> and <HI>cogging Knaues, bu&s;ie bodies, charming old wiues,</HI> with all the re&s;t of &s;uch rake|hels: being inticed and induced (rather &s;educed) here|unto eyther by a certaine &s;elfe-loue, that they may be by this meanes more e&s;teemed of: or el&s;e by their owne ma|lice and wickedne&s;&s;e, that by &s;uch meanes they may de|fraud and cozen others: or finally, by couetou&s;ne&s;&s;e and auarice the mother of all mi&s;chiefe.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Poy&s;oning and witchcraft can|not be di&s;cer|ned by the vrine.</NOTE> And &s;ome of the&s;e Villaines are yet fraught &s;o full of this wickedne&s;&s;e, and brazen-faced impudency, that they dare goe yet further, by the <HI>vrine</HI> to promi&s;e to detect &s;uch as are guilty of theft or any other grieuous crime: yea, and of witchcraft it &s;elfe.</P>
<P>I my &s;elfe al&s;o know &s;uch <HI>vrine-mongers</HI> (I thinke he ra|ther de&s;erued to be an <HI>Iron-monger</HI>) and conterfeit Phy&s;i|tian, who would tell very confidently by the <HI>vrine,</HI> that the di&s;ea&s;ed were eyther poy&s;oned or bewitched: and to the end that by his cogging and iugling hee might get a double reward, he would promi&s;e without any doubt to cure him. And if by any meanes, eyther from the me&s;&s;en|ger that bringeth the &s;ame, or yet otherwi&s;e, they can once learne that the di&s;ea&s;ed hath of a long time beene vi&s;ited by &s;ickne&s;&s;e, then &s;traight will they di&s;cerne in the <HI>vrine</HI> that the party is bewitched, making no que&s;tion to cure the &s;ame.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Another &s;tra|tagem.</NOTE> And often al&s;o they will confidently affirme, that there are &s;ome &s;trange things, perhaps &s;ome liuing creatures, as frogs, &amp;c. within their bodies, and if it &s;hall happen that the&s;e Cheaters be &s;ent for to the Patient, they will pre&s;ently giue him &s;ome violent medicine, as <HI>Stibium, Colocynthis, &amp;c.</HI> the which working exce&s;&s;iuely vpwards and downewards, they &s;ecretly &s;huffle and conuey into the <HI>vrine</HI> &s;uch things as before they affirmed to haue been within the body: the which this &s;o cunningly cozened Patient beholding, admireth the skill of this new <HI>Ae&s;cu|lapius,</HI> who de&s;erued rather to haue beene whipt for his paines, and his eares nailed to the Pillory. Of many other
<PB N="59" REF="50"> trickes be&s;ides the former, the&s;e impudent Rogues are not ignorant.</P>
<P>And thus it was reported vnto me concerning a cer|taine <HI>Empiricke,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Notable &s;leight of an Empirick.</NOTE> who had an artificiall Looking-gla&s;&s;e made, containing within it fayre water: in the which were liuing frogs &s;wimming vp and downe, as though they had beene little deuils &s;ugge&s;ting to the knaue what hee &s;hould &s;ay concerning the <HI>vrines</HI> which were brought vn|to him, as al&s;o concerning things &s;tollen.</P>
<P>Some likewi&s;e there are,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Iudgement of vrines by Geo|manticall points.</NOTE> who onely by <HI>Geomanticall prickes,</HI> hauing looked vpon the <HI>vrine,</HI> will giue out their verdict of the di&s;ea&s;e, as al&s;o concerning the life or death of the party, the which impious diuination wee referre to witchcraft.</P>
<P>And &s;ome there be againe, who by erecting the figure<NOTE PLACE="marg">By erecting o<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> the Figure.</NOTE> of the <HI>Heauen,</HI> as they call it, will &s;eeme to performe the &s;ame, which would &s;eeme to be great <HI>Phy&s;itian-a&s;trologers,</HI></P>
<P>Some againe I know liuing at this day,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Geometricall mea&s;uring of the vrine.</NOTE> who doe of &s;et purpo&s;e api&s;hly imitate <HI>Geometers,</HI> fir&s;t mea&s;uring the <HI>v|rine</HI> with a compa&s;&s;e, and then deliuering, I know not what oracles concerning the &s;ame. But who&s;oeuer doth v&s;e any of the afore&s;aid <HI>Diabolicall, Geomanticall,</HI> or <HI>Geo|metricall</HI> coniectures, be&s;ides the heinous fault hee com|mitteth, he maketh moreouer this <HI>Semioticall</HI> part of <HI>Phy|&s;icke,</HI> concerning the &s;ignes of di&s;ea&s;es, to depend altoge|ther vpon coniecture.</P>
<P>But &s;ome yet v&s;e a farre fayrer &s;hew and colour to cloak their knauery,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Coniectures of Vrine by the colour painted on papers.</NOTE> hauing certaine papers or bookes before their eyes, in the which are liuely repre&s;ented all the &s;eue|rall colours of <HI>vrines,</HI> hold their <HI>vrinall</HI> neere vnto the &s;ame, and then not without great admiration and &s;terne countenance, like &s;ome learned clerkes (being notwith|&s;tanding but ignorant a&s;&s;es) pronounce their <HI>&V;rinall-oracles.</HI></P>
<P>Some al&s;o haue their Studies in &s;ome corners fitted for impo&s;ture, performing their coniectures by cunning &s;ug|ge&s;tion, or &s;uch like &s;leight. This kinde of impo&s;ture
<PB N="60" REF="51"> practi&s;ed a certaine old trot,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Notable &s;leight and cozenage of an old wo|man-phy&s;itian.</NOTE> who for her cunning in ca&s;t|ing of <HI>vrines</HI> (as they call it) was e&s;teemed not to haue her fellow in all that Country. This goodly <HI>gran-dame</HI> fa<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">e in her chamber hard by the &s;treet doore, when any came to call for her, the daughter que&s;tioning in the meane time with the party, (and that with &s;o loud a voice that her mother might ea&s;ily heare all their talke) and learning of them as well the di&s;ea&s;e it &s;elfe, as al&s;o all the accident&punc; thereof: the daughter runneth afterwards to a doore in another corner of the hou&s;e and calleth out this wi&s;e wo|man, &s;he then like &s;ome <HI>Sibyllaes</HI> Oracle, declares and tels on with great confidence that which before &s;he had heard from her daughter.</P>
<P>Mo&s;t of the&s;e villaines to aduance them&s;elues, doe mo&s;t commonly contemne and backbite the mo&s;t learned and skilfull <HI>Phy&s;itians,</HI> extolling and aduancing them&s;elues and tho&s;e of their owne &s;ociety. And to get yet more fame and reputation among the vulgar &s;ort, they delight in the name of trauelling <HI>Phy&s;itians,</HI> as al&s;o to be called <HI>Iewes, Mahometans,</HI> and <HI>Turke-phy&s;itians:</HI> bragging al&s;o that they had great Doctors for their fathers, and yet perhaps are they Coblers or Tinkers &s;onnes, or el&s;e it may bee of &s;ome ba&s;tardly breed, hauing fled their owne Country for &s;ome infamous crimes.</P>
<P><NOTE PLACE="marg">Suborning of old women v&s;u|all to Empi|ricks.</NOTE>The&s;e cozening knaues haue a cu&s;tome when they come to any Towne or Village, to &s;uborne and hire &s;ome poore old woman, who knowing well where &s;icke folkes lie, re&s;ort to their hou&s;es, and tell them that there is lately come to towne &s;ome worthy and famous <HI>Phy&s;itian</HI> (a Do|ctor at lea&s;t) Iew or Turke out of Turky, bringing with him mo&s;t rare and exqui&s;ite remedies, yea and &s;uch as the be&s;t furni&s;hed Apothecaries &s;hop in the be&s;t City of the Land cannot afford the like: and that be&s;ides all this there are none like them in the Land for iudgement of an <HI>vrine.</HI> The patient thus abu&s;ed, &s;endeth his <HI>vrine</HI> by this tru&s;ty old trot to this new come <HI>Ae&s;culapius,</HI> and returning back againe from him, aduanceth his skill aboue the skies, affir|ming
<PB N="61" REF="51"> with great a&s;&s;euerations that hee hath hit the naile on the head, and not onely hit right on the di&s;ea&s;e, but on euery circum&s;tance thereof. Then maye&s;t thou &s;ee the people flocke apace to the Impo&s;tor, vntill &s;uch time as his skill waxe &s;tale, and his knauery be di&s;couered: then the gallant remoues the Campe, tru&s;&s;ing vp bag and bag|gage, and goeth to &s;ome other place, where he practi&s;eth the like impo&s;ture. And when it commeth to pa&s;&s;e, (as too often it doth) that their patients dye vnder their hands, then are the&s;e fore&s;aid women ready to plead their cau&s;e, affirming that it was no want of skill in them, but that their time was now come: that in the Ho&s;pitals where learned <HI>Phy&s;itians</HI> practi&s;e their be&s;t skill, there &s;icke and di&s;ea&s;ed doe likewi&s;e die. But on the contrary, if any pa|tient &s;hall happen to dye vnder the hand of the mo&s;t skil|full <HI>Phy&s;itian,</HI> they will not faile to exclaime vpon him, that he hath killed him, to make him more odious among the vulgar &s;ort. Now to the end their knauery may the better be laid open to the view of the world, I will here &s;et downe the &s;tory of two notable cozening knaues, who liued not long &s;ince in <HI>Dordrecke</HI> a famous towne in <HI>Holland.</HI></P>
<P>The&s;e two lu&s;ty gallants hauing both of them &s;pent that &s;mall &s;tocke left them by their parents legacy,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Notorious im|po&s;tu<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">e of two coz<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ning kn<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ues in <HI>Hol|land.</HI></NOTE> began to bethinke them&s;elues of a new inuention to gather to|gether &s;ome money. At length one of them, who was the ma&s;ter contriuer of the new tricke, &s;peaketh to his fellow after this manner: <HI>I will play the Phy&s;itian and will hang out an vrinall to draw on the people, thou in the meane time get thee into &s;ome Al<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">hou&s;e where there be good &s;tore of company drinking, play the good fellow with them, drinking thy pot to theirs; now when as thou &s;halt &s;ee them merry, and per|ceiue them well wet within, take thou occa&s;ion to brag and boa&s;t of the comming to towne of one of the rare&s;t and mo&s;t cunning Phy&s;itians that euer they knew, who can tell the mo&s;t &s;ecret and hidden things by the vrine, yea and that &s;o farre doth his skill and cunning extend, that if diuers per&s;ons &s;hould make water in
<PB N="62" REF="52"> one pot, he is able to tell t<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters"> &s;ame: and further thou maie&s;t al|&s;o lay a wager, that vnle&s;&s;e he be able to performe it thou wilt pay for all that hath beene &s;pent amongst them that day: but if he &s;hall happen to hit the mark, that thou thy &s;elfe &s;halt then goe &s;cot-free: but mark narrowly, I pray thee, how many there be that make water into the pewter pot, and make thou &s;o many &s;mall &s;cores vnder the &s;ide of the &s;ame, that I may perfectly know the number.</HI> The&s;e his pot companions accept of the wager, being altogether ignorant of the collu&s;ion of the&s;e two cogging knaues, and &s;o deliuer the pot to the Ho&s;te&s;&s;e, who carrieth the &s;ame to this other impo&s;tor, being alto|gether ignorant of the whole bu&s;ine&s;&s;e. The cozener knowing perfectly all the premi&s;&s;es, hauing powred it forth into a great <HI>vrinall,</HI> lookes vpon it; then with a &s;terne, awfull, and di&s;dainfull countenance, turnes him|&s;elfe to the Ho&s;te&s;&s;e, &s;aying: <HI>What is the cau&s;e that thou &s;houlde&s;t after this manner come to vndermine me, and thus to trie and &s;ift out my skill? thou malepert woman, what a mi&s;|chiefe brought thee hither? what ba&s;e rogue hath &s;uborned thee thus to cozen and deceiue me?</HI> Looking againe on the <HI>vrine</HI> with a certaine counterfeit grauity, they <HI>were &s;ixe in num|ber</HI> (&s;aith the Impo&s;tor) <HI>who pi&s;&s;ed in the pot,</HI> (the which he had &s;ecretly learned by the afore&s;aid &s;cores) <HI>and for them all thou mu&s;t pay me ere thou departe&s;t hence.</HI> This woman at the hearing hereof, as being ignorant of the whole mat|ter, was not a little amazed, but yet &s;pake to him mildly after this manner: <HI>I know not what you meane by the&s;e words, but, my friend, if the ca&s;e &s;tand thus as you &s;ay, I pray you pardon me, for they deliuered me the pot, as you &s;ee, I being al|together ignorant of any &s;uch matter.</HI> At length after many words, &s;he payed him for all the &s;ixe <HI>vrines,</HI> and at her re|turne &s;he told her gue&s;ts the whole circum&s;tance of the matter. They admiring his &s;o great skill and cunning, prai&s;ed this his impo&s;ture aboue the skies: &amp; after they had payed the Ho&s;te&s;&s;e their &s;hot, they repayed her al&s;o that which &s;he had layed out for their <HI>vrines.</HI> The fame of this was &s;o noy&s;ed abroad, that the people came flocking to
<PB N="63" REF="52"> this Impo&s;tor, as it had beene to &s;ome Fayre or Mart: but yet within a few dayes, for feare of being di&s;couered, they both remoued their Campe to another place, where they might more cunningly and &s;afely practi&s;e their impo|&s;ture and cozenage. But we &s;ee how farre impo&s;ture ta|keth place, and how hard it is to beat rea&s;on into the blocki&s;h braines of the vulgar &s;ort, which giueth &s;ome|times occa&s;ion to &s;ome learned <HI>Phy&s;itians</HI> to betake them to their &s;leights and &s;hifts, &s;eeing this kind of dealing be&s;t welcomed of the vulgar.</P>
<P>Thus at my fir&s;t returne out of <HI>Italy,</HI> I came into <HI>France,</HI> and practi&s;ed for a little &s;pace in the Towne of <HI>Pithi|ers:</HI> the Apothecary of the Towne told mee that there dyed there lately a <HI>Phy&s;itian,</HI> who was for his &s;uppo&s;ed skill in the in&s;pection of <HI>vrines,</HI> of no &s;mall account and fame;<NOTE PLACE="marg">A <HI>Phy&s;itian</HI> tel|ling of nothing but <HI>Rheumes</HI> by the <HI>Vrine.</HI></NOTE> and yet hee told euery one mo&s;t commonly that they were troubled with the <HI>Rheume,</HI> the which hee &s;ome times affirmed to be fallen downe vpon the <HI>lungs,</HI> &s;ome|times on the <HI>&s;tomacke, liuer, &s;pleene,</HI> the <HI>mother, kidneyes, bladder,</HI> or the whole body: But this is but a trifle in com|pari&s;on of their greater errors.</P>
<P>It is yet a great deale gro&s;&s;er, that if they can by any meanes hearken out that any one is troubled with <HI>mad|ne&s;&s;e, deliration,</HI> or <HI>melancholy,</HI> they &s;traight iudge by their <HI>vrines</HI> that they are po&s;&s;e&s;&s;ed, and &s;o proue often an occa|&s;ion of hauing recour&s;e to Coniurers, Witches and Wi|zards, for&s;aking by this meanes the true and euer-liuing GOD, and good meanes.</P>
<P>All long and lingring di&s;ea&s;es likewi&s;e, as al&s;o all &s;uch as are accompanied with any &s;trange or vncouth accidents, and &s;uch as are not obuious to the meane and &s;hallow ca|pacity of the more rude and ignorant &s;ort of people, doe they by the in&s;pection of the <HI>vrine,</HI> referre to Witchcraft, or the illu&s;ion of the Diuell: &s;uch bee be&s;ides the former the <HI>Epilep&s;ie</HI> or <HI>falling &s;ickne&s;&s;e,</HI> the <HI>Apoplexie, Incubus</HI> or <HI>night-mare, convul&s;ions,</HI> e&s;pecially the turning awry of the mouth or necke, the di&s;ea&s;e called <HI>Catalep&s;is,</HI> the <HI>Lethar|gie,</HI>
<PB N="64" REF="53"> or &s;uch like &s;leepy di&s;ea&s;es, together al&s;o with <HI>con&s;ump|ti<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ns, drop&s;ies, la<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ks, bloody-fluxes, hystericall pa&s;&s;ion,</HI> common|ly called the <HI>mother, &amp;c.</HI></P>
<P>A lamentable thing it is to &s;ee the world &s;o oppre&s;&s;ed with the&s;e Impo&s;tors; but the greate&s;t mi&s;chiefe, is that &s;ome yet colour their knauery with the cloake of Religion, the which I will in&s;tance in a liuely example.</P>
<P><NOTE PLACE="marg">Notable Impo|&s;ture of a con|iuring <HI>rre&s;t,</HI> af|fi ming a wo|man with child to bee bewitch|ed.</NOTE>My wiues Brothers wife dwelling at <HI>Am&s;terdam,</HI> and liuing at this in&s;tant, was vpon a certaine time much op|pre&s;&s;ed with a great fit of &s;ickne&s;&s;e, and &s;o farre as I could collect, <HI>Melancholy hypochondriacke.</HI> This woman hauing beene not very long married, was in doubt whether &s;hee was with child or no, and by rea&s;on of her extremity, incli|ning rather to beleeue that &s;he was not. For this cau&s;e &s;hee &s;ent vp and downe to diuers places of the Countrey (as is the common cu&s;tome, e&s;pecially in long and lingring di&s;|ea&s;es, howbeit a very bad one) to know of <HI>Phy&s;itians</HI> their opinion concerning her <HI>Vrine,</HI> thinking this &s;ufficient to free her from her di&s;ea&s;e. Now lately was come to the Towne a notable new cozener being a wandring Prie&s;t, giuing him&s;elfe out for &s;ome great <HI>Doctor</HI> (as the&s;e knaues mo&s;t commonly doe) e&s;pecially among&s;t the vulgar &s;ort. This womans <HI>Vrine</HI> then among&s;t many others was carri|ed to him: after hee had a little looked there on, he asked the maid that brought it certaine que&s;tions, by the which he had learned that &s;he had been &s;icke a long time, as al&s;o that &s;he had had the opinion &amp; aduice of diuers <HI>Phy&s;itians,</HI> who all notwith&s;tanding had giuen her no ea&s;e. Hence the cunnicatching knaue takes occa&s;ion to promi&s;e wonders of him&s;elfe, and that moreouer there was neuer a <HI>Doctor</HI> of them all able to cure this woman, the Impo&s;tor adding yet moreouer that &s;he was bewitched. The maid asked moreouer whether &s;hee were not with childe? He an&s;we|red her, <HI>that &s;he was not at all &s;o much as conceiued with childe, but that for certaine &s;he was bewitched, and that by &s;uch a one, as hee would haue &s;worne would neuer haue committed &s;o wic|ked a fact: and did moreouer prote&s;t with great Oathes, that
<PB N="65" REF="53"> none be&s;ides him&s;elfe was able to cure her.</HI> In the Cure he was very de&s;irous to haue ioyned with him&s;elfe a certaine Coniurer, who &s;hould daily mumble and mutter I know not what ouer the &s;icke womans head. Then would he him&s;elfe admini&s;ter vnto her certaine Phy&s;icall Potions, after the v&s;e whereof &s;hee &s;hould &s;o perfectly recouer, that there &s;hould not the lea&s;t remainder of her di&s;ea&s;e after|wards appeare: <HI>And if thou wilt</HI> (&s;aith the Villaine) <HI>I will goe with thee to &s;ee thy Mi&s;tri&s;&s;e.</HI> The maid hauing her wits about her, &s;aid, that this was beyond her commi&s;&s;i|on, but that &s;hee would fir&s;t know her Mi&s;tri&s;&s;es plea&s;ure. The &s;icke woman being &s;ea&s;oned with true Religion and piety, would in no wi&s;e admit of any Coniurer, re&s;ol|uing rather to commit her &s;elfe vnto the hands of God &amp; good <HI>Phy&s;itians,</HI> then to haue any dealing with &s;uch iug|ling knaues, and yet &s;ome of her friends were very in&s;tant with her to v&s;e the coun&s;ell of this cozener. A few dayes after her Husband my Cou&s;in commeth to mee to <HI>Alc|mare,</HI> where I then practi&s;ed Phy&s;icke, bringing with him his wiues <HI>vrine,</HI> and withall acquainted mee with the whole manner of her di&s;ea&s;e, together with all the acci|dents and circum&s;tances thereof vntill that pre&s;ent time. After I had well viewed the <HI>Water,</HI> perceiuing it to bee thin and cleare, with a leaden coloured circle, and &s;mall re&s;idence, I was of opinion there was great crudity in the <HI>&s;tomacke,</HI> occa&s;ioning bad concoction therein; for &s;uch an <HI>vrine</HI> doth mo&s;t commonly argue &s;ome ob&s;tructi|on of the <HI>&s;pleene,</HI> giuing notice al&s;o of <HI>melancholy:</HI> for this cau&s;e I did &s;o much the more &s;u&s;pect that &s;hee was oppre&s;|&s;ed with <HI>melancholy,</HI> hearing e&s;pecially that &s;hee had in her all the &s;ignes which <HI>Galen</HI> writes to accompany this <HI>hypo|chondriacke melancholy.</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Gal. lib. de locis affect. cap. <HI>5.</HI> &amp; <HI>6</HI></NOTE> So both by the <HI>vrine</HI> and Hu&s;|bands narration, I did collect that &s;hee was troubled with this di&s;ea&s;e.</P>
<P>After many words to and fro betwixt vs, hee asked of mee whether I thought it meete they &s;hould follow the <HI>Empiricks</HI> coun&s;aile or no: I an&s;wered, that in any ca&s;e
<PB N="66" REF="54"> they &s;hould beware of the &s;ame, and did further by many &s;trong and forcible arguments and rea&s;ons, di&s;&s;wade him from &s;uffering his wife to v&s;e any &s;uch &s;trong violent pur|ging Phy&s;icke, pre&s;cribed either by <HI>Empiricke</HI> or yet any other, how skilfull and learned &s;oeuer he were, there being e&s;pecially &s;ome &s;u&s;pition of being with childe. Where|fore my coun&s;ell vvas that &s;hee &s;hould for a certaine time ab&s;tain likewi&s;e from any thing which might prouoke any loathing or di&s;ta&s;t to her &s;tomacke, and to bee very cir|cum&s;pect for feare of procuring abor&s;ion. But in ca&s;e &s;he was troubled with the violence of any fierce and &s;harpe accidents, I wi&s;hed him to aske the opinion of &s;ome lear|ned and iudicious <HI>Phy&s;itian,</HI> and yet to beware of offering any violence to Nature. I appointed her therefore a good and whol&s;ome forme of Dyet, as al&s;o &s;ome milde and gen|tle remedies fitted well for the purpo&s;e notwith&s;tanding, and without any feare of offending her childe, with the which I &s;ent her husband home.</P>
<P>Not very long after his returne homewards, &s;hee was brought to bed of a faire daughter, and immediately after was wholly freed from her former infirmity. Where was now I pray you this bewitching vvhich this vvretched iugling <HI>Prie&s;t</HI> did progno&s;ticate by the <HI>vrine?</HI> What if this vvoman had v&s;ed his de&s;perate remedies? had not this Rakehell killed as vvell the Mother as the Childe? vvhich now through God his goodne&s;&s;e haue e&s;caped this bloudy Butchers hands.</P>
<P>Many more examples could I produce concerning the gro&s;&s;e errors in this kinde committed by the&s;e <HI>Sycophant-water-prophets;</HI> but this for the pre&s;ent &s;hall &s;uffice, le&s;t the Booke &s;hould grow to an exce&s;&s;iue bigne&s;&s;e, if &s;tu&s;ted too full of &s;uch tra&s;h. But &s;till this holdeth firme and vn|an&s;werable, that the <HI>water-gue&s;&s;ing</HI> vvhich <HI>Empiricks</HI> and &s;uch others v&s;e, is nothing el&s;e but meere impo&s;ture and cozenage.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 N="5" TYPE="chapter">
<PB N="67" REF="54">
<HEAD><HI>CHAP. V.</HI> Of the peruer&s;e, prepo&s;terous, and too-too credulous &s;implicity of Countrey people, ignorant idiots, and diuers others of that &s;tampe, together with their too great tru&s;t and fooli&s;h confi|dence which they repo&s;e in this diuining and coniecturing by &V;rines.</HEAD>
<P>_NOw who I pray you can but laugh to &s;corne this fooli&s;h and &s;imple &s;ort of people, who being by the&s;e cozening knaues quite be|&s;otted, or rather (as I thinke) bewitched, are certainly per&s;waded that there is no|thing in a mans body &s;o &s;ecret and hid vvhich may not by the vrine be di&s;couered. Wherefore they thinke they haue &s;ufficiently played their parts, when as they haue &s;ent their <HI>vrines</HI> to diuers Phy&s;i<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ians, whether they be learned or vnlearned, roguing <HI>Empirickes,</HI> or toothle&s;&s;e <HI>old-wiues,</HI> and who&s;oeuer among&s;t the&s;e can gue&s;&s;e or coniecture be&s;t, him or her doe they preferre, and relye vpon aboue all others. And this is the tryall whereby they v&s;e to finde out the &s;ufficiency and learning of a Phy&s;itian, being al|together ignorant what is to be performed by a true and learned Phy&s;itian. But it is hard to tell whether the&s;e Im|po&s;tors them&s;elues be more blame-worthy, or the &s;imple &amp; too-too credulous people, who do repo&s;e &s;uch tru&s;t &amp; confid<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">nce in the&s;e lying and cogging Coniecturers by the &s;ame. If there were no &s;uch people to be found, then would the&s;e villaines al&s;o vani&s;h away.</P>
<P>It is a wonder that the blocki&s;h &s;tupidity of people &s;hould be &s;uch,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Finding out of the age by the vrine after a &s;trange maner Hi&s;tory.</NOTE> as to beleeue that any thing what&s;oeuer may be coniectured by meanes of a &s;tinking water thru&s;t to our no&s;es. Thus of late a fooli&s;h woman came to mee, and vvas very earne&s;t with me to tell by the in&s;pection of the <HI>vrine</HI> the &s;icke parties age: but after I had told her plainly that no &s;uch matter could by the <HI>vrine</HI> be di&s;cer|ned, &s;he replyed, that &s;he had beene otherwi&s;e per&s;waded
<PB N="66" REF="55">
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<PB N="67" REF="55">
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<PB N="68" REF="56"> by a very learned wandring Phy&s;itian; and that there were to be &s;eene &s;wimming in the <HI>vrine</HI> as many cro&s;&s;es as the party was tens of yeares old. I turning againe to this &s;illy vvoman, told her, that I could perceiue no cro&s;&s;e at all in the <HI>vrine,</HI> and therefore by this rea&s;on thy husband as yet &s;hould not be tenne yeares old; but if thy &s;ight be better then mine, put on thy &s;pectacles, and &s;ee whether the cro&s;&s;es be &s;wimming aboue, or fallen downe to the bottome of it. Shee gaping and &s;taring a pretty vvhile thereon, was at length forced to confe&s;&s;e that &s;he could &s;ee none at all.</P>
<P>The&s;e people are &s;o bewitched with the&s;e iugling and lying knaues, that oftentimes they will confe&s;&s;e to &s;ee that which they &s;ee not at all,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Blocki&s;h a&s;&s;en|tation.</NOTE> as I haue heard them tell of <HI>&V;|li&s;piegle,</HI> who at a certaine time per&s;waded a many people gathered together, that the wals of the hou&s;e were all painted, when as yet there was no &s;uch matter, and yet none of all the company contradicted him &s;aue one &s;illy &s;imple woman reputed for a foole. So blocki&s;h &s;halt thou &s;ometimes finde this &s;ort of people, that they will not bee a&s;hamed to enquire of you whether you can &s;ee by the <HI>vrine,</HI> that the di&s;ea&s;ed hath falne off his hor&s;e, or off a cart; and whether hurt of a pi&s;toll or other weapon.</P>
<P>Now to make this more plainly appeare, I will here re|late a ridiculous, but yet true &s;tory which was told mee by an Apothecary in <HI>France.</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">A pretty merry &s;tory of a coun|try Clowne de|manding to know by the vrine how ma|ny rounds his wife had falne off a ladder.</NOTE> A Country Clowne at a cer|taine time brought to a Phy&s;itian, an <HI>vrine</HI> to looke vpon, and it being then winter and hard fro&s;t, he fir&s;t di&s;&s;olued it at the heat of the fire. The Phy&s;itian ob&s;eruing the fel|lowes &s;implicity, demanded of him whether it were not his wiues <HI>water.</HI> The fellow an&s;wered that it was &s;o in|deed, but yet wi&s;hed him to take a narrow view, and to tell him what he could further &s;ee in the &s;ame. The Phy|&s;itian looking narrowly, ob&s;eruing it to be of a rea&s;onable good colour, beganne to &s;u&s;pect &s;ome outward paine or ache. The Country Lob hearing of a paine, applauded the Phy&s;itians iudgement for the &s;ame. But from whence
<PB N="69" REF="56"> proceedeth (&s;aid he) this great paine of a leaden and blac|ki&s;h colour, which doth &s;o vnce&s;&s;antly torment her &s;ides? The Phy&s;itian hearing mention made of a leaden blacki&s;h colour, it was no hard matter for him to coniecture that it came eyther by &s;ome fall or blow: wherefore he asked the fellow whether his vvife had not fallen off &s;ome height. The woodcocke wonders at the Phy&s;itians cunning con|iecture, and turning to him againe, &s;aith; <HI>Ma&s;ter, i<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> you can tell mee where &s;he fell, I will euer e&s;teeme you for the be&s;t Phy&s;itian in all the Countrey.</HI> The Phy&s;itian perceiuing the exceeding blocki&s;hne&s;&s;e of this Clowne, and withall cal|ling to mind the manner of their country cottages, did coniecture that his wife was fallen off &s;ome beame or lad|der. <HI>The A&s;&s;e &s;weares a great oath, and (&s;aith he) if you can tell me how many rounds high &s;he is fallen, I will thinke you a craft&s;ma&s;ter indeed, and will extoll you aboue all others.</HI> At this the Phy&s;itian had much adoe to forbeare laughter, yet biting all in, he began to con&s;ider with him&s;elfe that the roomes in &s;uch hou&s;es are not very high, it may be (quoth he) &s;he fell twelue rounds high. The Clowne bids him looke againe on the water, for &s;ure there mu&s;t needs bee &s;ome more. The Phy&s;itian looking downe towards the ground, bethought him&s;elfe of &s;ome new &s;tratagem; then with a &s;tayed countenance turning to the Clowne, &s;aith thus; <HI>The way is very &s;lippery by rea&s;on of the great fro&s;t, ha&s;t thou not fallen by the way and &s;pilt &s;ome part of the vrine vpon the ground? I fell indeed (quoth the fellow) and &s;pilt part of it by the way.</HI> The Phy&s;itian hauing fi&s;hed this out of him, with a graue and awfull countenance an&s;wereth him thus: <HI>My friend, looke for the re&s;t of the rounds of the ladder in the place where thou &s;pilt thy vrine, for I can find no more then I told thee.</HI> This &s;imple &s;ot did admire and wonder at this Phy&s;itian, as &s;ome great <HI>Prophet,</HI> and was raui&s;hed with an admiration of his extraordinary skill and experience, and giuing him exceeding great thankes for his paines, retur|ning home to his cottage with &s;ome few remedies, did at length, and that not without great wonder and admira|tion,
<PB N="70" REF="57"> relate and tell the whole circum&s;tance of the matter as it fell out, among his fellowes and companions.</P>
<P>This &s;ort of people is &s;o full of blocki&s;h &s;tupidity, that they will require to know by the <HI>vrine,</HI> not onely &s;uch things as we haue lately mentioned, but will moreouer be inqui&s;itiue to know thereby whether the <HI>vrine</HI> which they carry be a Citizens or Strangers, as al&s;o where the party dwelleth: concerning the which I can tell yet as pretty a &s;tory as the former.</P>
<P><NOTE PLACE="marg">Hi&s;tory.</NOTE>There dwelt once at <HI>Bruxels</HI> a certaine <HI>Phy&s;itian</HI> of no &s;mall account and fame for his &s;uppo&s;ed <HI>vromanticall skill:</HI> to the which <HI>Phy&s;itian</HI> at a certaine time a country-woman carrying her husbands <HI>vrine,</HI> goes in by the way to a Gentlewoman, who&s;e tenant the country-fellow her hu&s;|band was. This Gentlewoman &s;eeing now &s;o fit an op|portunity <HI>(which &s;he had hitherto expected)</HI> offered her to deceiue this <HI>Phy&s;itian,</HI> de&s;ired this country-woman, that &s;he might carry the <HI>vrine</HI> her &s;elfe to him. The woman yeelding, &s;he did as &s;he de&s;ired. The <HI>Phy&s;itian</HI> narrowly marking the pot wherein the <HI>vrine</HI> was brought to him, and withall ob&s;eruing that it was &s;topt with a certaine hearbe which he knew grew no where but in one place, looking &s;tedfa&s;tly on the Gentlewoman, whom he knew to be full of craft, did &s;u&s;pect &s;ome cozenage; wherefore &s;tudying to preuent the &s;ame, when the <HI>vrine</HI> was powred forth into the <HI>vrinall,</HI> with mature deliberation hee &s;aid thus; <HI>This is neither the vrine of a Gentleman or Towne&s;man, but rather of &s;ome country Farmer, and further it was brought in at &s;uch a Gate.</HI> The Gentlewoman hearing this &s;peech was not a little amazed, and of her owne free accord did lay open to him the poore Farmers ca&s;e, and could not wonder enough at the <HI>Phy&s;itians</HI> skill and iudgement: for this fooli&s;h woman did certainly per&s;wade her &s;elfe that he had found out all this by the <HI>vrine</HI> onely.</P>
<P>This vaine babbling and coniecturing by <HI>vrines</HI> is &s;o plea&s;ing to the people, that they giue commonly mo&s;t credit to him that lyeth and prateth mo&s;t. It was told me
<PB N="71" REF="57"> once that <HI>Gi&s;&s;ibertus Longolius</HI> of <HI>Colen,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">A worthy &s;peech of <HI>G<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">&s;&s;i|bertus Long<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">lius</HI> of <HI>Co<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">en.</HI></NOTE> a mo&s;t learned and famous <HI>Phy&s;itian,</HI> at a certaine time was &s;o vexed with the curious que&s;tions of a clown concerning his <HI>vrine,</HI> that he threw <HI>vrine</HI> and <HI>vrinall</HI> both at once out at the window, v|&s;ing the&s;e words; <HI>I am a Phy&s;itian appointed to cure di&s;ea&s;es, &amp; not a water-prophet to tell lies by an vrine.</HI> That famous <HI>Phy|&s;itian</HI> al&s;o, <HI>Helideus Paduanus</HI> of <HI>Forly</HI> in <HI>Italy,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">And of <HI>Helideus Paduanus</HI> of <HI>Fo<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ly</HI> in <HI>I<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">aly.</HI></NOTE> my much re&s;pected Ma&s;ter, with whom (when I liued at the Vni|uer&s;ity of <HI>Bologue</HI>) I was wont to vi&s;it the &s;icke; was wont to reproue &s;uch country people as came to him with their <HI>vrines</HI> at a certaine houre to the <HI>Ho&s;pitall</HI> called <HI>of life,</HI> ouer the which he was &s;et as their ordinary <HI>Phy&s;itian;</HI> he would I &s;ay checke the&s;e Country people when as they &s;tood like blockes without an&s;wering his demands, expecting onely his oracle concerning their <HI>vrines,</HI> &s;aying; that <HI>he was not within the &s;icke parties body, but that it was fit for them like|wi&s;e to declare and lay open their owne infirmities, and then for him to con&s;ider of the vrine; and la&s;tly, hauing thoroughly at|tained to the full knowledge of the di&s;ea&s;e, to cure it accordingly.</HI> And therefore would he not alwayes giue credit to their owne report <HI>(being but poore people that came thus with their vrines to the Ho&s;pitall, as not being the cu&s;tome in Italy to carry the vrine to the Phy&s;itians hou&s;e, neither yet will they then vouch&s;afe &s;o much as once to looke vpon it;)</HI> but &s;ent vs his Scholers oftentimes vnto them, that wee might ob&s;erue and marke diligently, as well the di&s;ea&s;e, as the <HI>Symptomes</HI> and circum&s;tances thereof, and relate them to him againe: which being done, then did hee appoint them &s;uch phy|&s;icke as he thought fit.</P>
<P>But at my comming home into mine owne Country againe, I found this fooli&s;h fa&s;hion of in&s;pection of <HI>vrine</HI> in the <HI>Phy&s;itians</HI> owne hou&s;e to bee euery where practi&s;ed, and found moreouer the people &s;o peruer&s;e and froward, that when as I asked them concerning the manner of their di&s;ea&s;es, with the accidents thereof, they would reply, That is the thing we de&s;ire to know of thee.</P>
<P>This fooli&s;h and vnadui&s;ed popular applau&s;e which
<PB N="72" REF="58"> the vulgar &s;ort yeeld to the&s;e vnskilfull and vnlearned <HI>Phy&s;itians (for the more learned and hone&s;ter &s;ort of Phy&s;itians they mo&s;t commonly contemne)</HI> giues occa&s;ion to them to kill the &s;imple people without any puni&s;hment. It is a thing worth the wondring at to &s;ee what care the poore rea&s;on|le&s;&s;e creatures haue of pre&s;eruing their liues, and on the o|ther &s;ide the &s;mall account man <HI>(appointed Lord and Ruler ouer all the re&s;t of the creatures)</HI> maketh of it, while as hee committeth it to euery idle <HI>Empiricke,</HI> &s;ome of which haue beene trained vp in the mechanicall trades of <HI>&s;hoo-maker, ma&s;on,</HI> &amp;c. and &s;uch like, and in three or foure dayes ma|king profe&s;&s;ion of this new trade of <HI>water-monging,</HI> are afterwards accounted famous and good <HI>Phy&s;itians,</HI> to whom thou &s;halt &s;ee the people flocke as to &s;ome Fayre or Market. Would we not account &s;uch a one for a very foole and idiot, who being now ready to dye of thir&s;t, would refu&s;e to drinke of a cleere &s;weet &s;pring running hard by him, and would rather make choice of a foule &s;tinking &s;limy puddle, it may be al&s;o further infected like|wi&s;e with &s;ome noy&s;ome venemous vermine? And are they not to be reputed as fooli&s;h, who hauing skilfull <HI>Phy|&s;itians</HI> hard at hand, &s;eeke to &s;uch as haue neuer learned &s;carce their <HI>A. B. C?</HI> Is it not a great madne&s;&s;e to &s;eeke for helpe at the hands of women,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Women alto|gether vnfit to practi&s;e phy|&s;icke.</NOTE> who are for the mo&s;t part altogether vncapable of any &s;erious bu&s;ine&s;&s;e, they boa&s;ting onely of &s;ome certaine remedies which they haue had perhaps from their husbands, or &s;ome body el&s;e, and tryed rather by experience in diuers particulars, then by any art or rea&s;on.</P>
<P>Some may here, it may be, reply and &s;ay, that how&s;o|euer it may be that they doe no good, yet are their reme|dies &s;ometimes &s;o mild and gentle, that they may &s;afely be admini&s;tred. But is not this more then madne&s;&s;e thus to trifle away the time, and to neglect that golden opportu|nity of doing good, which perhaps may neuer againe bee recalled? Is it not better then at the fir&s;t to haue recour&s;e to the skilfull and learned <HI>Phy&s;itian?</HI> If thy &s;hooes be torne
<PB N="73" REF="58"> wilt thou &s;end them to a Carpenter to mend? If thy hou&s;e bee cracked and like to fall, whether is a <HI>&s;hooe-maker</HI> or a <HI>Carpenter</HI> the fitte&s;t man to vnderprop the &s;ame? And yet the life of a man farre exceedeth either of them. If a hou&s;e be not well vnderpropt and fall, it may be built againe; and if a payre of &s;hooes be &s;poiled, it is but the lo&s;&s;e of the lea|ther and the labour: but in the curing of a man, a &s;mall errour may &s;end him to his graue. Neither is this noble Science attained vnto in a yeare or two, (manie of the me|chanicall trades of farre inferiour note and condition, of|ten requiring a longer time) bur requireth a longer time to the attaining vnto the perfection thereof.</P>
<P>But the vulgar &s;ort are &s;o blinded, that they cannot &s;ee the truth, the old prouerbe being true, that <HI>the blinde can|not iudge of col<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">urs:</HI> and yet doe the&s;e people &s;ometimes fal&s;ifie the very literall &s;en&s;e thereof. And to this purpo&s;e I remember that <HI>Euretius Cordus</HI> maketh mention of a perfi|dious and blinde Iew,<NOTE PLACE="marg">A blind Iew iudging of vrines.</NOTE> who not without the great admi|ration and wondring of many people (fooles &s;ure they were, according to the prouerbe, <HI>Stultorum plena &s;unt om|nia,</HI>) all ouer richly ar<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">yed (like a &s;ilken <HI>Iack-an-apes</HI>) in &s;ilkes and <HI>S<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">tan,</HI> I would &s;ay <HI>&s;atten,</HI> &s;itting in his chaire, de|liuered his graue oracles concerning the <HI>vrines:</HI> his maid &s;itting by him, and &s;ugge&s;ting diuers things vnto him. And howbeit they finde them&s;elues d<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ily gulled by &s;uch cozening knaues, yet do they daily wittingly and willing|ly ru&s;h into the &s;nares of the&s;e Impo&s;tors. And in this are they (as wee haue &s;aid) farre inferiour to vnrea&s;onable creatures, both in the knowledge and prouidence of that which is good, and likewi&s;e hurtfull for them&s;elues, being al&s;o well acquainted both by what meanes their aduer&s;ary may doe them harme, as in like &s;ort not being ignorant of all the occa&s;ions and aduantages they may finde out again&s;t them. And thus doth the <HI>Lizzard</HI> being deadly wounded by the venemous <HI>&V;iper,</HI> recouer the former &s;trength againe, by eating of a certaine hearbe called a|mong&s;t the <HI>Italians Graliga,</HI> or <HI>Gralega,</HI> the which was
<PB N="74" REF="59"> fir&s;t found out by meere hazard and chance, as was related to me when I was a &s;tudent at <HI>Bologue,</HI> the which becau&s;e I thinke it will bring &s;ome delight to the Reader, I will here &s;et downe.</P>
<P>A certaine old man vpon a time perceiuing a Viper figh|ting with a <HI>Lizzard,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">The cruel com|bate betwixt a <HI>Viper</HI> &amp; a <HI>Liz|zard.</HI></NOTE> laid him&s;elfe down vpon the ground, to the end he might the better without their perceiuing of him, behold this battell. The <HI>Lizzard</HI> as being farre infe|riour in force to the <HI>Viper,</HI> receiues from the &s;ame a mo&s;t dangerous and deadly wound, in&s;omuch that the poore creature, being &s;carce able to &s;tand on the feeble legs, was almo&s;t ready to fall downe dead, but comming a little againe to it &s;elfe, it beginnes to creepe along by the Riuer &s;ide through long gra&s;&s;e, (the <HI>&V;iper</HI> in the meane time not at all perceiuing the &s;ecret retrait) to a certaine herbe grow|ing not farre from thence, of the which hauing eaten a little, returning againe to this cruell aduer&s;ary, maketh againe a new on&s;et vpon him as before. But this poore creature fared no better then before, receiuing as dange|rous a wound for welcome as at the fir&s;t, but yet hath a|gaine the &s;econd time recour&s;e to the former, and &s;o well approued remedy, and with like &s;ucce&s;&s;e as before. This old Father did much admire as well this cruell combat, as this rare and &s;trange herbe, with the vertue thereof, and yet to the end hee might more a&s;&s;uredly know whether this herbe had in it &s;uch &s;ecret and hidden vertues, as hee beganne now to conceiue, in the meane time that this poore <HI>Lizzard</HI> went to reuew the combat againe with the old aduer&s;ary, he pulled this herbe vp by the very rootes. The which when this de&s;olate creature (hauing now the third time receiued the foile from this venomous vermine) mi&s;&s;ed,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Galega vulgo, &s;eu ruta Capra|ria, de qua vide Matthioli com|ment. in Dio&s;cor. cum addit. Ca&s;p. Baul. cap. <HI>46.</HI> lib. <HI>3</HI> &amp; cap. <HI>136.</HI> lib. <HI>4.</HI> &amp; alios.</NOTE> as her onely Antidote, being all bathed in blood, by her death makes an end of their quarrell. The old man hauing had this tryall of this herbe, relateth the &s;ame to the Phy&s;itians, with all that hee had &s;eene. This herbe is now well knowne, not in <HI>Bologue</HI> alone, but in mo&s;t &s;hoppes in <HI>Italy,</HI> being ordinarily v&s;ed again&s;t all man|ner
<PB N="75" REF="59"> of poy&s;ons, the Plague, and wormes.</P>
<P>By many other &s;tories could I proue the like care and indu&s;try of bea&s;ts, which might al&s;o conuince and re|proue the carele&s;ne&s;&s;e of men for their &s;afety and &s;ecuritie: but that fearing to tyre out the Reader, I labour to bee briefe. It re&s;teth now to declare, that it is neither fit nor expedient to carry the <HI>vrine</HI> to the Phy&s;itians hou&s;e, and farre le&s;&s;e for him then by the bare in&s;pection thereof, ra&s;hly to pre&s;cribe remedies without the &s;ight of the party: but becau&s;e this will require a more large and ample Di&s;|cour&s;e, we will referre the &s;ame to the next booke, toge|ther with all the dependances vpon the &s;ame. Let it &s;uf|fice vs therefore, that hitherto it remaineth firme and &s;ure, <HI>That the &s;ole in&s;pection of the vrine is very deceitfull, and for this cau&s;e not at all to be tru&s;ted to.</HI></P>
</DIV2>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 N="3" TYPE="book">
<PB N="76" REF="60">
<HEAD>THE THIRD BOOKE.</HEAD>
<DIV2 TYPE="argument">
<HEAD>THE ARGVMENT.</HEAD>
<P>IN this third Booke is declared by what meanes the errour of in&s;pection of Vrines in the Phy&s;itians hou&s;es had the fir&s;t originall, the which vncer|taine coniecturing hath beene a cau&s;e of no &s;mall da|mage to the di&s;ea&s;ed: hauing beene al&s;o a meanes, to make this part of Phy&s;ick coniecturall, and &s;o the more to be de&s;pi&s;ed and contemned. For this cau&s;e it is de|clared, that neyther are Vrines to be viewed in the Phy&s;itians hou&s;<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">, nor yet to be &s;ent thither to that end and purpo&s;e, but rather where the Patient dwelleth, the Phy&s;itian being there pre&s;ent him&s;elfe. After|wards is declared that Phy&s;icke ought not by this &s;ole, improfitable, and incon&s;tant diuination, to be pre|&s;cribed, vnle&s;&s;e the Phy&s;itian haue before &s;eene the Patient: the right Method of curing di&s;ea&s;es being drawne from certaine &s;copes and indications, and not from the &s;ole fallacious in&s;pection of vrines. And finally is added, that Remedies are not to be pre&s;cri|bed in the vulgar tongue, and that by rea&s;on of the manifold errors and abu&s;es which doe hence ari&s;e: and &s;o at length is concluded, that the in&s;pection of vrines (e&s;pecially as it is now adayes for the mo&s;t part practi&s;ed) is very deceitfull and vncertaine, neuer able to reueale and lay open vnto vs, the whole nature and circum&s;tances of the di&s;ea&s;e.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 N="1" TYPE="chapter">
<PB N="77" REF="60">
<HEAD>THE ARRAIGNMENT of VRINES. <HI>CHAP. I.</HI> How, and by what meanes this error of in&s;pection of vrines in the Phy&s;itians hou&s;e hath had the fir&s;t beginning, being notwith&s;tanding nothing el&s;e but an vncertaine coniecture, and by the which doth redound more damage and danger then profit to the Patient, and hath made this &s;o noble an Art, ba&s;e and contemptible in the eyes of mo&s;t men.</HEAD>
<P>_SO farre ought an hone&s;t, learned, and iudicious <HI>Phy&s;itian</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">The duty of a learned and ho|ne&s;t Phy&s;itian.</NOTE> be from patroni|zing of any errour, how old and inue|terate &s;oeuer it be, that it is his part ra|ther to reproue by all meanes po&s;&s;ible, according to his power, and labour to &s;uppre&s;&s;e the &s;ame, at which when they winke, they not onely inuolue the more &s;imple &s;ort (al|wayes apt to be deluded) into manifold dangers and mi|&s;ery: but doe in like &s;ort incourage the&s;e cozening knaues to continue in their wickedne&s;&s;e. Therefore I hold it is the duty of all hone&s;t, and con&s;cionable <HI>Phy&s;itians,</HI> not to winke any longer at thi<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> mo&s;t erronious and dangerous <HI>vromanticall diuination,</HI> &s;o gro&s;ly abu&s;ed vntill this pre&s;ent, to the great preiudice of a many. Of the which hauing di&s;|cour&s;ed at large already, it is now time to beginne to lay open to the world by what meanes this <HI>Mon&s;ter</HI> at fir&s;t crept into this noble Profe&s;&s;ion.</P>
<P>The vulgar &s;ort doth ordinarily ayme at an Api&s;h imi|tation
<PB N="78" REF="61"> of their betters,<NOTE PLACE="marg">By what means this abu&s;e crept fir&s;t into the Profe&s;&s;ion of <HI>Phy&s;icke.</HI></NOTE> and being de&s;titute of true vnder|&s;tanding, doe too much for the mo&s;t part relye vpon the outward &s;en&s;es: and hence came it to pa&s;&s;e, that &s;eeing <HI>Phy&s;itians</HI> view the <HI>vrine</HI> in the Patients owne hou&s;e, who hauing likewi&s;e by diuers interrogatories, together with the &s;ight of their Patients, collected the nature and e&s;&s;ence of the di&s;ea&s;e, from whence the cure as it were of it &s;elfe, did voluntarily follow: the vulgar I &s;ay did pre&s;ently be|leeue that the euent of &s;uch a cure was to bee a&s;cribed vn|to the in&s;pection of the <HI>vrine:</HI> thus being too-too much carried away by the outward &s;en&s;e, they began to adhere to this manner of in&s;pection of <HI>vrines.</HI> Vnto this al&s;o were ioyned as great helps and furtherers, <HI>the pre&s;cription of re|medies, and the de&s;cription of Vrines in the vulgar tongue.</HI> Boldne&s;&s;e did incourage them in their attempts, it being &s;econded by impunity; <HI>for all men by too great liberty</HI> (as &s;aith the <HI>Comicall Poet) doe waxe wor&s;e and wor&s;e.</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Omnes licentia deteriores &s;umus. <HI>Terent.</HI></NOTE> After|wards they were &s;o confirmed therein, that they thought they had performed their parts, if at any time being ami&s;&s;e they &s;ent their <HI>vrines</HI> to the <HI>Phy&s;itian,</HI> as being of opinion that he could by the &s;ame know both the di&s;ea&s;e and the place affected, the &s;trength of the Patient; and finally, all that which belongeth to the Art of <HI>Phy&s;icke:</HI> and that moreouer hee was able to pre&s;cribe by the &s;ight thereof, &s;uch fit and whol&s;ome remedies as the &s;tate and nature of the di&s;ea&s;e did require.</P>
<P>They were further conceited, that who&s;oeuer had read any Booke of <HI>&V;rines</HI> in the vulgar tongue, or yet &s;craped together any remedies euer v&s;ed by any, were hee or &s;hee the mo&s;t wicked villaine, a runnagate rogue, a drunken Midwife, a &s;tewes Strumpet, or of the like &s;tampe, might &s;afely and to good purpo&s;e practi&s;e this Profe&s;&s;ion, begin|ning euer with the in&s;pection of the <HI>vrine,</HI> a thing &s;o de|ceitfull, onely to be tru&s;ted to, that oftentimes in &s;tead of health it hath beene the occa&s;ion of the death of many. Thus hath this peruer&s;e and wicked cu&s;tome (a <HI>mo&s;t cruell Tyrant</HI>) &s;o incroached vpon this noble Profe&s;&s;ion, that
<PB N="79" REF="61"> now wee feare it is become like the Law of the <HI>Medes</HI> and <HI>Per&s;ians, which could not be reuoked.</HI></P>
<P>This cu&s;tome &s;o preuailing that cogging knaues &amp; euery Ra&s;cal that could prate of an <HI>vrine,</HI> began to be prai&s;ed and extolled aboue the mo&s;t skilfull <HI>Phy&s;itian;</HI> not by the vul|gar &s;ort onely, but euen among&s;t &s;ome of the better &s;ort; gaue fir&s;t occa&s;ion to &s;ome of the better &s;ort of <HI>Phy&s;itians</HI> to imbrace this gro&s;&s;e abu&s;e; &s;ome of them being hereto induced le&s;t they &s;hould bee in le&s;&s;e account then the&s;e Impo&s;tors.</P>
<P>Others no doubt were hereto induced by <HI>Coue|tou&s;nes</HI> the <HI>mother of all mi&s;chiefe,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Couetou&s;nes a great &amp; chiefe occa&s;ion of this Abu&s;e.</NOTE> both to practi&s;e this man|ner of in&s;pection of <HI>Vrines</HI> at home, and to pre&s;cribe reme|dies al&s;o for the &s;icke. But this was not all, for &s;ome were not content with this, but to giue further content to the vulgar &s;ort, &s;ome of them, and that not of the meane&s;t ranke, wrote Bookes concerning the wiles and Caueats which are to be ob&s;erued in deliuering their iudgement by <HI>vrines,</HI> called of them by a faire and plau&s;ible word, <HI>cau|teles,</HI> or <HI>caueats:</HI> &s;o that by the&s;e meanes not onely mini|&s;tred they matter of cozening and deceiuing to all &s;uch as would imploy their wits that way, but did moreouer con|firme the more &s;imple &s;ort in this &s;o foule and dete&s;table errour: &s;ome likewi&s;e yet blowing the&s;e bellowes by tran|&s;lating &s;uch bookes in the vulgar tongues to the great mi&s;|chiefe of Mankind. And that this error is very ancient, doth plainly appeare, in that wee haue yet extant &s;ome|thing written concerning this &s;ubiect by <HI>Gordonius,</HI> who liued about 300. yeares agoe. But more prai&s;e-worthy had it beene for the&s;e famous <HI>Phy&s;itians</HI> to haue &s;tood in the gap, and in the beginning, like that renowned <HI>Hercu|les,</HI> to haue cut off this <HI>Hydra's</HI> heads. But <HI>Auarice,</HI> ene|mie to all goodne&s;&s;e, what will it not doe? or rather make men doe?<NOTE PLACE="marg">Great gaine which a certain <HI>Phy&s;itian</HI> got by in&s;pection of <HI>vrines.</HI></NOTE> This made a famous <HI>Phy&s;itian</HI> of my acquain|tance, dead a few yeares agoe, howbeit trained vp in the <HI>&V;niuer&s;ity,</HI> and skilfull in his Pofe&s;&s;ion, &s;o much to addict him&s;elfe to the practi&s;ing of this Impo&s;ture, that hee got
<PB N="80" REF="62"> mo&s;t mornings <HI>(as was reported to mee by one of good worth)</HI> for the in&s;pection of <HI>Vrines</HI> brought to his Chamber &s;ixe Florins.<NOTE PLACE="marg">About 15. &s;hil|lings &s;terling, much in that Countrey, and in that time.</NOTE></P>
<P>This &s;o &s;ordid and ba&s;e lucre and gaine, made <HI>Vrines</HI> to yeeld a mo&s;t &s;weet and fragrant &s;mell to that mighty Em|perour <HI>&V;e&s;pa&s;ian.</HI> But &s;uch <HI>Phy&s;itians</HI> are much more to bee blamed then <HI>Empiricks,</HI> or any others who haue nei|ther con&s;cience nor hone&s;ty. This was not practi&s;ed in the dayes of <HI>Hippocrates</HI> and <HI>Galen,</HI> neither is yet vntill this day in v&s;e among&s;t the <HI>Phy&s;itians</HI> of be&s;t note in Italy; howbeit as <HI>Poggius</HI> maketh mention, it hath beene v&s;ed a|mong&s;t <HI>Empiricks</HI> and &s;uch Impo&s;tors:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Notable impo|&s;ture of an <HI>Ita|lian Empiricke.</HI></NOTE> Such a one I know my &s;elfe there, who &s;ate vp oftentimes very late, writing out billes or receits for diuers and &s;undry di&s;ea&s;es, the which afterwards hee put all in a bagge together, and in the morning when as people brought him their <HI>Vrines,</HI> and withall demanded his coun&s;ell, hee would thru&s;t his had into the bagge to take out &s;uch a bill as by chance did fir&s;t offer it &s;elfe, &s;aying in the meane time in the <HI>Italian</HI> tongue, <HI>Prega Dio telamandi bona, Pray to God thou may&s;t draw good lucke.</HI> Mi&s;erable and vnhappy was then their e&s;tate and condition, to whom in their need, not right, rea&s;on, and iudicious vnder&s;tanding, but blind chance and fortune did mini&s;ter aid and &s;uccour. The like haue I heard of a certaine water-gue&s;&s;ing <HI>Empiricke,</HI> who had alwaies written in a readine&s;&s;e three &s;euerall formes of Receits, and gaue vnto &s;uch as came to him for coun|&s;ell, &s;ometimes one of them, &s;ometimes two, and &s;omtimes all three, (and that after hee had told them wonders by the <HI>Water,</HI>) which were afterwards carried to the Apo|thecary, and there prepared for the Patient. But to re|turne to our purpo&s;e againe,<NOTE PLACE="marg">The <HI>Phy&s;itians</HI> of be&s;t note &amp; fame in Italy, contemne this manner of con|iecturing by <HI>Vrines.</HI></NOTE> the <HI>Phy&s;itians</HI> of any note in <HI>Italy</HI> do contemne &s;till this manner of in&s;pection of <HI>Vrines</HI> in their owne hou&s;es, as I haue my &s;elfe &s;eene in the two famous <HI>Vniuer&s;ities</HI> of <HI>Padua</HI> and <HI>Bologne,</HI> whereas neither would the Doctors of the Chayre them&s;elues, nor yet any other <HI>Phy&s;itian</HI> of note or credit, vouch&s;afe once to looke
<PB N="81" REF="62"> vpon any <HI>Vrine</HI> brought to their owne lodgings, in this maintaining &s;till their ancient authority, and prerogatiue; the which al&s;o the learned <HI>Langius</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Langius.</NOTE> doth witne&s;&s;e. And would to God our <HI>Phy&s;itians</HI> had al&s;o retained the like au|thority; then had not the&s;e cozening knaues, ignorant <HI>Em|piricks, women-Phy&s;itians,</HI> and the like, crept in &s;o audaciou&s;|ly without any &s;ufficiency into this Profe&s;&s;ion. <HI>Sed venter non habet aures. The belly is a cunning craft&s;man.</HI> And as Couetou&s;nes was the cau&s;e that <HI>Phy&s;itians</HI> at fir&s;t gaue way to this prepo&s;terous and peruer&s;e cu&s;tome; &s;o the &s;ame Couetou&s;ne&s;&s;e hath beene and is &s;till the cau&s;e of continu|ance thereof vntill this day. Hence al&s;o commeth it to pa&s;&s;e that &s;uch people doe &s;o euery where abound, and are al&s;o &s;o much accounted of in euery place, who being altogether ignorant of the Arts and all manner of litera|ture, vphold their credit onely by this &s;o vncertaine and deceitfull a &s;igne. And &s;o ignorant are they of the &s;ignes and cau&s;es of di&s;ea&s;es, that if they heare of any paine in the &s;ide, it mu&s;t needs in their opinion be a <HI>Pleuri&s;ie,</HI> whether the grieuance be in the externall parts or in the <HI>Mu&s;cles,</HI> whether al&s;o fixed about the <HI>liuer, &s;pleene</HI> or <HI>kidneyes:</HI> and thus is it an ea&s;ie matter for any ignorant Idiot or old wife to become a <HI>Phy&s;itian.</HI></P>
<P>Now how&s;oeuer this old, inueterate and tyrannicall cu&s;tome hath hitherto &s;o preuailed, that euen the mo&s;t fa|mous and learned <HI>Phy&s;itians</HI> by rea&s;on of the Peoples im|portunity are often forced to giue way to this in&s;pection of <HI>Vrines</HI> in their owne hou&s;es; yet doth it very much dif|fer from others manner of dealing, both in that they re|fraine from the&s;e fooleries, lyes, pratling and babbling, which the&s;e Impo&s;tors doe practi&s;e, as al&s;o they will &s;om|times confe&s;&s;e that it were a great deale better to &s;ee the Patient, then thus by the &s;ole and vncertaine in&s;pection of the <HI>vrine</HI> to giue forth a doubtfull Oracle. And yet fur|ther, the mo&s;t carefull and diligent <HI>Phy&s;itians</HI> are not a&s;ha|med to inquire into the &s;tate and nature of the di&s;ea&s;e be|fore they will giue out their iudgement concerning the
<PB N="82" REF="63"> &s;ame. And if at any time they &s;hall happen to meet with &s;ome folkes <HI>more nice then wi&s;e,</HI> who will not accordingly an&s;were their demands, they will bee the more &s;paring in pre&s;cribing them any remedies, vntill &s;uch time as they be better acquainted with the &s;tate and nature of the di&s;ea&s;e. The mo&s;t of them al&s;o and the hone&s;te&s;t would willingly that this &s;o wicked and peruer&s;e cu&s;tome were quite abo|li&s;hed, to the end they might more readily and a&s;&s;uredly proceed in their cures. The Impo&s;tors on the other part tru&s;ting to their <HI>Vrinary</HI> coniecture only, and catching at that they can lay hold on from the mouth of another, thus dallying with the precious life of man, doe admini&s;ter to the &s;illy people their mo&s;t dangerous and deadly poy&s;ons, making tryall of their mo&s;t dangerous remedies vpon &s;o noble and worthy a Subiect. And to &s;uch doth proper|ly belong that Picture of a <HI>water-prophet,</HI> or <HI>water-gue&s;&s;er,</HI> which thou may&s;t &s;ee &s;et downe by the afore&s;aid <HI>Langius,</HI> who&s;e <HI>Godde&s;&s;e</HI> may well bee <HI>Moria,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg"><GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">angius Epi&s;tol. lib. <HI>2.</HI> Epi&s;t. <HI>41.</HI></NOTE> or <HI>fooli&s;hnes,</HI> as is there to be &s;eene. The&s;e rude and ignorant &s;ots therefore are in no ca&s;e to bee compared with our learned <HI>Phy&s;itians,</HI> as being altogether ignorant as well of the cau&s;es and &s;ignes, as of the &s;euerall <HI>&s;ymptomes,</HI> and &s;o con&s;equent|ly of the right cure of the di&s;ea&s;e: what&s;oeuer di&s;ea&s;e is in the belly, is vnto them the Chollicke; what&s;oeuer di&s;|ea&s;e in children, to them mu&s;t needs bee the <HI>Wormes;</HI> and what&s;oeuer di&s;ea&s;e troubleth a woman, it mu&s;t needs bee the <HI>Mother.</HI> If the &s;icke bee troubled with a <HI>Cough,</HI> then mu&s;t it needs bee of &s;ome great cold congealed in|wardly; howbeit it may often proue a <HI>Pleuri&s;ie, inflamation of the lungs,</HI> or <HI>a Con&s;umption.</HI> If any complaine of a paine in the ioynts, by the <HI>vrine</HI> they will gue&s;&s;e that the party is plagued with the <HI>French-Poxe,</HI> as mo&s;t Women who take now vpon them both <HI>Phy&s;icke</HI> it &s;elfe, and that part thereof which is called <HI>Surgery,</HI> call an <HI>Vlcer</HI> a <HI>Canker:</HI> as of late a certaine Impo&s;tor being asked of what di&s;ea&s;e his Patient lay &s;icke; an&s;wered, <HI>hee was not able to ex|pre&s;&s;e it in the vulgar tongue;</HI> and yet the villaine had not
<PB N="83" REF="63"> &s;o much as one mouth-full of <HI>Latine.</HI> It is therefore the part and duty of all hone&s;t, ingenuous, and con&s;cionable <HI>Phy&s;itians,</HI> to aduance and &s;et forward the truth, and to la|bour and indeauour our &s;elues, that not onely this part of <HI>Phy&s;icke,</HI> but al&s;o all the re&s;t may be freed from all manner of fraud and impo&s;ture.</P>
<P>Now vntill &s;uch time as this fooli&s;h and <HI>water-monging</HI> Trade (which maketh the Art of <HI>Phy&s;icke</HI> coniecturall, contemned and expo&s;ed to the mockage of the mo&s;t) be amended, <HI>Phy&s;icke</HI> I doubt will neuer bee re&s;tored to her ancient grace and dignity.</P>
<P>I confe&s;&s;e indeed, that <HI>Old Dogs are hardly brought to the tye;</HI> yet mu&s;t wee not cea&s;e to do our be&s;t to purge our Profe&s;&s;ion from all errors crept thereinto, and namely this: and if wee cannot preuaile, yet I am per&s;waded that all hone&s;t people will take this our paines in good part. But concerning this matter we will di&s;cour&s;e more largely in the Chapter following.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 N="2" TYPE="chapter">
<HEAD><HI>CHAP. II.</HI> How nece&s;&s;ary and needfull a thing it were, that the &V;rines of &s;uch as be &s;icke, be no more carried to the Phy&s;itians hou&s;e, but that rather they are to view them, and giue out their iudgement vpon them in the Patients owne hou&s;e, and that onely.</HEAD>
<P>_NOw, by that which hath beene &s;poken al|ready, it is more then manife&s;t, that it is not po&s;&s;ible to declare or finde out euery &s;eue|rall di&s;ea&s;e in a man or woman by the &s;ole in&s;pection of the <HI>vrine:</HI> for what el&s;e is this vaine coniecturing by <HI>vrine,</HI> then to commit the whole Art of <HI>Phy&s;icke</HI> to bare hazard and <HI>fortune?</HI> the which being carried as with the winde, doth encline &s;om|times to one &s;ide and &s;ometimes to the other, floating vp
<PB N="84" REF="64"> and downe vpon the deepe Sea, in danger euery way of drowning.</P>
<P><NOTE PLACE="marg">Cau&s;es mouing this abu&s;e &s;till to bee maintai|ned and conti|nued.</NOTE>One chiefe and principall motiue of this is <HI>Coue|tou&s;nes</HI> and <HI>Auarice,</HI> together with a &s;otti&s;h ignorance. For when as the&s;e people did once perceiue that for a &s;mall trifle they might haue their <HI>vrines</HI> viewed, and &s;ome remedies appointed them, they were certainly per&s;waded there was no more to be done, being e&s;pecially vnwilling to be at any further charges: by which meanes it often commeth to pa&s;&s;e, that neglecting the fit and conuenient time and opportunity of doing them&s;elues good, they wi&s;h <HI>(but alas too late)</HI> they had been wi&s;er. And others a|gaine are &s;o ob&s;tinate in their idle opinion, and high con|ceit they haue conceiued of the <HI>vrine,</HI> that thou can&s;t ne|uer driue this fond and fooli&s;h conceit out of their muddy braines, not if thou woulde&s;t <HI>bray</HI> them with <HI>Salomons foole, in a morter.</HI></P>
<P>As for our own <HI>Phy&s;itians</HI> (how&s;oeuer I am per&s;waded it be &s;ore again&s;t many of their willes) yet can I not alto|gether excu&s;e them for conniuing and winking at &s;o gro&s;&s;e an error,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Good and lear|ned <HI>Phy&s;itians</HI> ought not to winke at com|mon errors.</NOTE> it being a meanes of maintaining the mul|titude in their erroneous opinion. Neither yet is this &s;uf|ficient that in their a&s;&s;emblies and meetings they raile a|gain&s;t <HI>Empiricks,</HI> and the&s;e <HI>Water-mongers,</HI> &s;ince this their &s;peech keepes within doores, and breakes no further forth.</P>
<P>And howbeit it bee not in our power to puni&s;h the de|linquents in this kind, yet is it our part and duty to lay o|pen to the view of the world the errors and gro&s;&s;e abu&s;es committed by the&s;e deceiuers. I doe not indeed deny but vpon &s;ight of the <HI>vrine</HI> carried to &s;ome di&s;creet and learned <HI>Phy&s;itian,</HI> the Patient hath now and then attained to his former health againe; yet hath this beene when the <HI>Phy&s;itian</HI> hath by his &s;euerall interrogatories learned the whole nature and circum&s;tances of the di&s;ea&s;e:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Ca&s;uall euents not to be tru&s;t|ed to.</NOTE> for other|wi&s;e they were but ca&s;uall, and not to be attributed to the meanes &s;o vnadui&s;edly pre&s;cribed: but nature it &s;elfe being
<PB N="85" REF="64"> in good plight, was able of it &s;elfe to encou~ter with the di&s;|ea&s;e, as al&s;o to ouercome the &s;ame; the victory whereof, this vnadui&s;ed and ra&s;h remedy at that &s;ame time and in&s;tant exhibited to the Patient, doth appropriate vnto it &s;elfe. And yet the &s;ame <HI>Phy&s;itians</HI> if thou &s;houlde&s;t aske them, would ingeniou&s;ly confe&s;&s;e that it were farre better for them once to &s;ee the Patient him&s;elfe,<NOTE PLACE="marg">The bare in&s;pe|ction of the <HI>V|rine</HI> only is to &s;mall purpo&s;e.</NOTE> then his <HI>vrine</HI> twen|ty times brought to him, and would willingly wi&s;h that this manner of viewing <HI>Waters</HI> were quite bani&s;hed out of the common-wealth, which I make no que&s;tion hath co&s;t many a man and woman their liues.</P>
<P>But it may bee &s;ome will reply that wee plead for our owne profit,<NOTE PLACE="marg" TYPE="runSum">Obiection.</NOTE> and that by this meanes our Fees grow the greater.</P>
<P>To the&s;e people I an&s;were,<NOTE PLACE="marg" TYPE="runSum">An&s;were.</NOTE> that if they make &s;o &s;mall account of their health, which is to bee prized farre aboue Pearles or Precious-&s;tones, they de&s;erue to &s;mart for their &s;ordid and ba&s;e niggardly Couetou&s;nes: howbeit the ho|ne&s;t and con&s;cionable <HI>Phy&s;itian</HI> doth alwayes ayme chief|ly and principally at the health of his Patient, preferring it before any &s;ordid lucre or gaine.</P>
<P>But put yet the ca&s;e that the intention were &s;uch as they mo&s;t fal&s;ly lay to their charge; yet would this neuer ouer|throw the nece&s;&s;ity of the pre&s;ence of the <HI>Phy&s;itian</HI> with his Patient, or yet giue any more &s;trength or authority to this <HI>Water-prophe&s;ying</HI> Profe&s;&s;ion.<NOTE PLACE="marg">The vulgar &s;ort ordinarily more liberall to Impo&s;tors and cozeners, then to hone&s;t and learned <HI>Phy&s;itians.</HI></NOTE> Mo&s;t of tho&s;e people notwith&s;tanding thou &s;halt &s;ee &s;o liberall &amp; open-handed to any <HI>runnagate Raggamuffin,</HI> that will prate of his owne &s;ufficiencie in this Profe&s;&s;ion; who would grudge to be|&s;tow a Fee on an hone&s;t <HI>Phy&s;itian,</HI> who be&s;ides that hee would giue them good and fit remedies according to the &s;tate and nature of the di&s;ea&s;e, not omitting or letting pa&s;&s;e ouer the fit and proper opportunity of doing good; they might often al&s;o &s;aue &s;ome charges in their pur&s;es, which they fir&s;t be&s;tow vpon &s;uch cozeners, and are forced after|wards to bee at a new charge againe with a learned and hone&s;t <HI>Phy&s;itian,</HI> when perhaps it is too late, and yet
<PB N="86" REF="65"> might ea&s;ily haue beene effected at the fir&s;t.</P>
<P><NOTE PLACE="marg">Story of a rich Mi&s;er &s;ending his vrine to the Phy&s;itian, and &s;marting for his couetou&s;ne&s;&s;e.</NOTE>The &s;ame may al&s;o come to pa&s;&s;e in &s;ending the <HI>vrine</HI> to a learned and skilfull <HI>Phy&s;itian,</HI> yet ignorant of the &s;tate and di&s;ea&s;e, as it hapned of late to a rich man here in the Towne of <HI>Delfe,</HI> who being a&s;&s;aulted with an <HI>intermittent tertian ague,</HI> &s;ent his <HI>vrine</HI> to a <HI>Phy&s;itian,</HI> otherwi&s;e of &s;uffi|cient skill and learning, who immediately appointed to him a purge, which he tooke in his fit, and vpon the ta|king thereof fell into great extremity, whereupon he &s;ent pre&s;ently for another skilful <HI>Phy&s;itian</HI> from the <HI>Hage.</HI> Being come, the &s;icke begins to raile on the other <HI>Phy&s;itian,</HI> and <HI>phy&s;icke</HI> he had giuen him. <HI>Anthony Harwer</HI> (for &s;o was he called who came from the <HI>Hage,</HI>) de&s;ired to &s;ee the bill wherein the others remedy was &s;et downe, the which ha|uing &s;eene, he commended it, and withall asked whether the <HI>Phy&s;itian</HI> had beene with him or no. Hee an&s;wered, that he had not beene with him. The other &s;miling, repli|ed; <HI>Blame not your Phy&s;itian</HI> (learned enough as appeareth) <HI>neither yet his phy&s;icke, which was by him to good purpo&s;e ap|pointed; but thou thy &s;elfe art to be blamed, who did&s;t not take it in due and conuenient time. It is well, thou ha&s;t coun&s;ell accor|ding to thy pay, for if thou had&s;t called thy Phy&s;itian to thee, hee would ea&s;ily haue ouercome a Feuer &s;o ea&s;ie to bee cured, and would on thy good day being free from thy fit, haue giuen thee thy phy&s;icke, and &s;o &s;houlde&s;t thou not haue needed for &s;o &s;mall an accident to haue beene at this co&s;t to haue &s;ent for me, the which is occa&s;ioned by thine owne fault and ouer&s;ight.</HI></P>
<P><NOTE PLACE="marg">Another obie|ction.</NOTE>But I heare &s;ome &s;ay, Admit that it is fit that the richer &s;ort, and &s;uch as are of meanes and ability, &s;end for the <HI>Phy&s;itian,</HI> to haue his coun&s;ell and pre&s;ence; what if the <HI>Phy&s;itian,</HI> by rea&s;on of di&s;tance of place, or otherwi&s;e of his manifold employments, and lo&s;&s;e which it might be to him, cannot conueniently afford the &s;icke his per&s;onall pre&s;ence?</P>
<P><NOTE PLACE="marg" TYPE="runSum">An&s;wer.</NOTE>In this ca&s;e it is the part of the country and neighbours about them, to conuey &s;uch poore people, before the di&s;|ea&s;e grow &s;trong vpon them, to &s;ome Towne or City
<PB N="87" REF="65"> whereas good <HI>Phy&s;itians</HI> make their abode, to the end they may be daily vi&s;ited and cured as well as the richer &s;ort: and in this ca&s;e I thinke no hone&s;t and religious Phy&s;iti|an will deny them his aduice. If this cannot bee effected, they ought to be &s;ent to the Ho&s;pitals, whereas are ap|pointed Phy&s;itians of purpo&s;e freely to cure &s;uch &s;illy poore &s;icke people. Or yet if &s;uch Ho&s;pitals bee not al|wayes to be found, or if they haue no friends in a Towne, nor any acquaintance, at lea&s;t it is to bee hoped they will find &s;ome compa&s;&s;ionate people, who will extend the bowels of compa&s;&s;ion, in prouiding lodging, with other things nece&s;&s;ary for them. And no doubt but they &s;hall likewi&s;e find &s;ome hone&s;t Phy&s;itians, who in &s;uch ca&s;es will afford them their coun&s;aile, as <HI>Hippocrates</HI> commands in his precepts.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Laudable cu|&s;tome of &s;uch places as main|taine publike Ho&s;pitals, where al&s;o Phy&s;itians are entertained to looke to the poore when they are &s;icke</NOTE> For this cau&s;e and purpo&s;e &s;uch Cities and Common-wealthes are much to bee commended, which haue in them &s;uch publike Ho&s;pitalls, vnto the which in time of need, as vnto &s;ome place of &s;uccour and refuge, the &s;icke and di&s;tre&s;&s;ed people may haue their refuge and recour&s;e. No le&s;&s;e prai&s;e-worthy is &s;uch a City or Common-wealth, which doth maintaine at their owne co&s;t and charges &s;ome Phy&s;itians, to the end they may in time of need more ea&s;ily be helpfull to the poore, &s;icke, and di&s;ea&s;ed people.</P>
<P>But it may bee yet further demanded, what if none of the former can bee performed, the di&s;ea&s;e perhaps being &s;o hot and acute, that neither will it admit tran&s;por|tation to the place of the Phy&s;itians abode, neither yet is it &s;afe to delay the matter any longer?<NOTE PLACE="marg">When and with what caueat the vrine may be &s;ent to the Phy&s;itian.</NOTE> In &s;uch a ca&s;e I confe&s;&s;e, if no better may be, the <HI>vrine</HI> may be &s;ent to the Phy&s;itian, prouiding it be &s;ent by a di&s;creet me&s;&s;enger&punc; de|claring by him the whole circum&s;tances of the di&s;ea&s;e, both the beginning and encrea&s;ing, together with the time of the continuance, and all the accidents thereof, and then it might bee perhaps to &s;ome purpo&s;e. And thus might the Phy&s;itian rather v&s;e &s;ome remedy then none at all: Howbeit yet, as we haue &s;aid, it were much better
<PB N="88" REF="66"> we did &s;ee the patient him&s;elfe, and then to con&s;ider both of his <HI>vrine</HI> and all other circum&s;tances of the di&s;ea&s;e.</P>
<P>The vncertainty of this coniecturing by <HI>vrine</HI> hath beene often ob&s;erued, not by my &s;elfe alone, but by many other hone&s;t Phy&s;itians al&s;o, &s;o that when as I had well viewed the <HI>vrine,</HI> as al&s;o afterwards appointed &s;uch reme|dies as in my iudgement were then fitting for the di&s;ea&s;e: that being immediatly after called to &s;ome of the &s;ame pa|tients, I haue found the &s;ame remedies to be quite contrary to the di&s;ea&s;e, and haue beene hereupon forced to alter and change againe the &s;aid formes of remedies; and this I dare &s;weare, that a number of other Phy&s;itians are of the &s;ame opinion with me, if they beare any loue to the truth.</P>
<P><NOTE PLACE="marg">The fooli&s;h cu|&s;tome of &s;ome people to try the Phy&s;itians skill by the vrine.</NOTE>Some are al&s;o of this fooli&s;h and idle humour, that they will come with their <HI>water</HI> to the Phy&s;itian, and that onely to heare what he will &s;ay concerning the &s;ame, not demanding any remedy for their di&s;ea&s;e: now this is the highe&s;t degree of folly; for what is this el&s;e, but as if one &s;hould &s;ay, I would willingly know my di&s;ea&s;e, and yet it is not my purpo&s;e to part from it; euen as if a man which hath receiued &s;ome dangerous wound, would &s;hew the &s;ame to the Surgeon, and yet would not haue it cured. But let &s;uch people beware, le&s;t thus dallying with their di&s;|ea&s;es, the time and opportunity of doing them&s;elues good pa&s;&s;e not away.</P>
<P>It may be yet perhaps demanded, but what if one be ami&s;&s;e, yet not &s;o extreamly &s;icke, but that yet he is able to trauell abroad; In &s;uch a ca&s;e, I &s;ay, may not &s;uch a one carry his <HI>vrine</HI> to the Phy&s;itians? I doe not deny it, if hee ob&s;erue &s;uch cautions as are in this ca&s;e to bee ob&s;erued, and that withall he acquaint the Phy&s;itian with the whole circum&s;tances of his di&s;ea&s;e. And how I pray thee can the Phy&s;itian giue thee &s;ound and good coun&s;aile for thy di&s;ea&s;e, vnle&s;&s;e he vnder&s;tand throughly the originall and ground of it, together with all that concerneth it; for bet|ter it is to deny thy helpe to the &s;icke, then by thy teme|rity and ra&s;hne&s;&s;e to precipitate him into extreame dan|ger,
<PB N="89" REF="66"> or yet (as <HI>Empirickes, women-phy&s;itians,</HI> and &s;uch like) to cure him ca&s;ually and by meere chance and hazard. This is then the &s;umme of that which hath beene &s;aid, that if any &s;hall bee &s;o &s;icke that they are not able to come in their owne per&s;on to the Phy&s;itian,<NOTE PLACE="marg">The Phy&s;itian ought to &s;ee his Patient.</NOTE> they &s;hall not &s;end their <HI>vrines</HI> to the Phy&s;itians hou&s;es, much le&s;&s;e to the&s;e cogging and cheating <HI>Empiricks,</HI> &amp;c. but &s;hall with all &s;peed and diligence &s;end for a Phy&s;itian both learned and well skilled in his profe&s;&s;ion, who &s;hall not then onely view their <HI>vrines,</HI> but &s;hall in like manner well weigh and con&s;ider of all the re&s;t of the &s;ignes, being pre&s;ent him|&s;elfe with the patient, and &s;o &s;hall be more able to cure the di&s;ea&s;e. This &s;eemeth the Wi&s;eman to command in the&s;e words: <HI>Giue place to the Phy&s;itian,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Eccle&s;. 38.12.</NOTE> <HI>for the Lord hath created him: let him not goe from thee, for thou ha&s;t need of him.</HI> He &s;aith not, Send thy <HI>water</HI> to the Phy&s;itian. Let vs not then like the Phy&s;itians of <HI>Alexandria,</HI> followers of <HI>Era&s;i&s;tatus</HI> (who attained to all their skill in curing di&s;ea&s;es by the onely reading of bookes,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Again&s;t booke-phy&s;itians.</NOTE> and were &s;o idle loytering lub|bards, that they were per&s;waded they might attaine to the perfect knowledge of herbes by the pictures of them onely) by the &s;ole coniecture of <HI>vrine</HI> brought to our &s;tu|dies, aduenture on the practice of this &s;o noble a profe&s;&s;i|on, &amp; our <HI>Galen</HI> very fitly calleth &s;uch <GAP LANG="grc" DESC="foreign" RESP="OXF">,<NOTE PLACE="marg">A pretty com|pari&s;on.</NOTE> that is, <HI>Saylers by their booke only;</HI> who learning all their Art of Nauigation by &s;ome Geographicall Cards, doe &s;udden|ly with their &s;hip ru&s;h vpon &s;ome Rocke, vnto them&s;elues altogether before vnknowne: euen iu&s;t &s;o fareth it not onely with our cozening <HI>Empirickes,</HI> but with all &s;uch Phy&s;itians al&s;o as doe too much relie vpon this &s;o vncer|taine coniecture by <HI>vrines.</HI></P>
<P>And for this cau&s;e al&s;o did <HI>Heraclides Tarentinus</HI> not vn|fitly compare &s;uch counterfeit Phy&s;itians to <HI>Praetors</HI> pub|like Cryers,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Another.</NOTE> who in the Market-place among the great p<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ea&s;e of people did liuely &s;et forth any fugitiue &s;laue, both in his apparell, &s;tature, feature, colour of haire, &amp;c. whom notwith&s;tanding if he had beene &s;itting hard by their el|bow,
<PB N="90" REF="67"> they could hardly di&s;cerne. After the &s;ame manner doe our <HI>water-mongers</HI> al&s;o, who not hauing &s;eene the par|ty, yet will they by the <HI>vrine</HI> liuely &s;et him forth in his co|lours: yea &s;o <HI>Lynceus</HI>-like cleere-&s;ighted are the&s;e Impo|&s;tors, that not onely doe they pre&s;ume to take vpon them to di&s;cerne by it the temperature and &s;tate of his body, but the di&s;ea&s;e it &s;elfe al&s;o, or what&s;oeuer is ami&s;&s;e within him, although they neuer haue &s;eene the party: yea and if they &s;hould meet him in their way yet would they neuer know him, much le&s;&s;e his di&s;ea&s;e, and that for very good rea&s;on, in regard they would find the ca&s;e farre otherwi&s;e, then they had by the deceitfull <HI>vrine</HI> heretofore iudged. But how&s;oeuer it will proue a hard matter, and full of difficulty totally to abrogate this &s;o inueterate error, yet &s;hall the danger of this manner of coniecturing by <HI>vrines</HI> plainly appeare to the eyes of the mo&s;t iudicious. And if this abu&s;e were reformed, then would no more tru&s;t be giuen to the&s;e malepert, iugling, and cheating knaues. But we will now proceed to lay open and declare how dangerous a thing it is by the &s;ole in&s;pection of the <HI>vrine,</HI> without the &s;ight of the patient, ra&s;hly to pre&s;cribe any remedies, e&s;pe|cially &s;uch as be mo&s;t generous, to wit, <HI>purging</HI> and <HI>blee|ding,</HI> the which wee vvill proue as vvell by rea&s;ons as examples.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 N="3" TYPE="chapter">
<HEAD><HI>CHAP. III.</HI> That vpon the &s;ole in&s;pection of the vrine, Remedies ought not to be pre&s;cribed to the &s;icke, except the Phy&s;itian being pre|&s;ent by them, doe fir&s;t ob&s;erue all the re&s;t of the &s;ignes, which doe in like manner belong to the perfect knowledge of the di&s;ea&s;e.</HEAD>
<P>_OF the vncertainty of this &s;igne of <HI>vrine,</HI> in di&s;ea&s;es, together with the manifold errors committed by <HI>Empirickes</HI> and others, as al|&s;o the beginning and occa&s;ion of the &s;ame, we haue &s;aid &s;ufficiently already: Now let
<PB N="91" REF="67"> vs yet proceed &amp; declare how vnfit a thing it is, vpon the &s;ole &s;ight thereof, without weiging the re&s;t of the &s;ignes by the &s;ight of the Patient him&s;elfe, to proceed to the cure of the di&s;ea&s;e: let it not therfore &s;eem &s;trange, if we in&s;truct the ignorant, and di&s;couer the fraud and impo&s;ture of couetous and cozening knaues, v&s;urping to them&s;elues (but fal&s;ly) the name of <HI>Phy&s;itians.</HI> Neyther yet doe we find fault with their impo&s;tures and cozenages, for any hatred or ill will we beare them, as being of the &s;ame profe&s;&s;ion with vs, according to the common prouerbe, <HI>Figulus figulum odit: One begger is woe, when another doth by the doore goe:</HI> the which I thinke no hone&s;t vpright hearted man will iudge. For, this we doe onely out of that feruent affection wee beare to our neighbour whom wee &s;ee &s;o to be gulled.</P>
<P>Is it not fit to clean&s;e the Wheate from the Tares?<NOTE PLACE="marg">Errors ought to be reproued &amp; bani&s;hed out of the Common|wealth.</NOTE> Is it vn&s;eemly to defend and maintaine hone&s;t and &s;imple peo|ple from the impo&s;tures of cozeners and deceiuers? When the Iudge puni&s;heth offenders, is it not to maintaine ho|ne&s;t men in their right, and that not for any grudge or ma|lice he beareth to the party, but to defend the innocent, the widow and orphanes from oppre&s;&s;ion. The Father in like &s;ort cha&s;ti&s;eth his &s;onne, to reclaime him from his di&s;|orderly cour&s;es, and that when he commeth to yeares of di&s;cretion he may liue an hone&s;t man: wherefore while as wee &s;ee that errors and abu&s;es haue crept in into this noble Profe&s;&s;ion, &s;hall wee not be thought to haue betrayed our profe&s;&s;ion, and with it mens liues, if wee giue no warning of the &s;ame? Is it not our parts, when we &s;ee a &s;tumbling blocke, or a &s;tone, laid in our blinde neighbours way, to re|moue, or at lea&s;t to doe our be&s;t to remoue them out of his way.</P>
<P>As for our &s;elues, if all things were well weighed, it may be,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Great gaine commeth often to good Phy&s;i|tians by the er|rours of <HI>Empi|ricks</HI> &amp; others.</NOTE> our gaine would not proue &s;o great as thou ima|gine&s;t, in regard there commeth often to vs no &s;mall profit by the errors of <HI>Empirickes,</HI> and &s;uch like &s;cumme and off|&s;cowrings. As for my &s;elfe, I may boldly auouch, that I haue reaped as much or more gaine and commodity by
<PB N="92" REF="68"> them which haue at the fir&s;t beene prepo&s;terou&s;ly cured by tho&s;e abu&s;ers, then by them to whom I was my &s;elfe at fir&s;t called. This will many moe be&s;ides my &s;elfe, I thinke, confe&s;&s;e. Now if we had beene called to them at fir&s;t, then might they haue beene more &s;peedily, with le&s;&s;e danger, and paine to their pur&s;es, cured at fir&s;t.</P>
<P>And wheras it may be obiected, that &s;ome of our learned, iudicious, and as they call them, dogmaticall <HI>Phy&s;itians,</HI> do &s;till v&s;e this coniecturing by <HI>vrine</HI> after the manner wee haue declared, pre&s;cribing likewi&s;e &s;ome Remedies, which if they help not the Patient; yet doe they doe him no hurt, and that onely le&s;t they &s;hould &s;eeme to doe nothing: &s;uch I &s;ay doe in this as ab&s;urdly as the Mariner, who in the greate&s;t &s;torme and tempe&s;t committeth his &s;hip to the di&s;cretion of the boy&s;terous windes and raging waues of the Sea. Neyther ought the <HI>Phy&s;itian</HI> to entertaine this ba&s;e and beggarly cu&s;tome, fearing le&s;t if they goe from him, they &s;hould carry the &s;ame to &s;ome <HI>Empiricke:</HI> but this &s;hould rather be a motiue to make them warne the Pa|tients to beware of being bewitched with this &s;o dange|rous and tyrannicall a cu&s;tome.</P>
<P>It is the part of the Patient to &s;end for the Phy&s;itian, who &s;hall then be&s;t be able to ob&s;erue his di&s;ea&s;e, with all the &s;ignes and circum&s;tances thereof: Now if any will come to vs, and not lay open their di&s;ea&s;e, it were better to &s;end &s;uch A&s;&s;es home without any coun&s;ell; for &s;ending Phy&s;icke to parties who&s;e di&s;ea&s;es thou knowe&s;t not, thou mai&s;t be a meanes of furthering them to their end, being vnprepared, and &s;o likewi&s;e endanger their &s;oules.</P>
<P>But admit the Phy&s;itian be pre&s;ent, yet is it not &s;uffici|ent that he play his part, but likewi&s;e the &s;icke, and &s;uch as a&s;&s;i&s;t, and mini&s;ter vnto him, as al&s;o other outward things, which might much hinder the cure, as our renowned <HI>Hippocrates</HI> doth teach vs,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hipp. aph. <HI>1.</HI> lib. <HI>1</HI></NOTE> the which things the <HI>vrine</HI> will neuer be able to &s;hew vs. The danger which may en&s;ue vpon the vnadui&s;ed pre&s;cribing of remedies vpon the &s;ole &s;ight of the <HI>vrine,</HI> we haue already declared by the exam|ple
<PB N="93" REF="68"> of a <HI>white vrine</HI> in a <HI>phren&s;ie.</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">In&s;tances in &s;ome ca&s;es, wherein the v|rine may de|ceiue vs.</NOTE> If al&s;o the <HI>choler</HI> be carried vpwards, and by ca&s;ting and reaching voyded away, it will come to pa&s;&s;e that the <HI>vrine</HI> will be crude, and of a whiti&s;h coloor: and yet if in this ca&s;e thou &s;houlde&s;t ap|point hot remedies in this hot di&s;ea&s;e, it is apparent into what danger thou ca&s;te&s;t thy Patient. In like &s;ort if the &s;icke &s;hall lye long langui&s;hing of a <HI>Drop&s;ie,</HI> proceeding of a cold and weake <HI>Liuer,</HI> the <HI>vrine</HI> being for this rea&s;on of a reddi&s;h colour, and &s;hall &s;end his <HI>vrine</HI> to the Phy&s;itian, and he thereupon &s;hall pre&s;ently pre&s;cribe <HI>Phlebotomy,</HI> &s;hal he not by the &s;ame meanes ha&s;ten this crazy carkeis to the graue? No man of vnder&s;tanding, I thinke, will deny it. Now of the di&s;po&s;ition of &s;uch a <HI>liuer</HI> (how&s;oeuer the bo|dy was not &s;wolne) I will here relate a true &s;tory.</P>
<P>At my fir&s;t comming out of <HI>Italy,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Of a Prie&s;t &s;ick of a Feuer he|cticke, with a long continued loo&s;ne&s;&s;e, killed by mi&s;skilfulnes and too much tru&s;ting to th<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> vrine.</NOTE> I came to the towne of <HI>Pithiers</HI> in <HI>France,</HI> whereas I practi&s;ed Phy&s;icke for a while, and among diuers other Patients who&s;e cure I had vndertaken, there was brought to me the <HI>vrine</HI> of a cer|taine <HI>Prie&s;t,</HI> who had now a long time lyen very weake, all naturall &s;trength and vigor almo&s;t fayling him: now the <HI>vrine</HI> was very red coloured and thicke withall, in&s;omuch as I had no &s;mall &s;u&s;pition that the &s;icke was di&s;ea&s;ed of &s;ome hot acute di&s;ea&s;e proceeding from an extreame heate and ebullition of the blood. I enquired therefore of him that brought the <HI>vrine,</HI> whether his Ma&s;ter had been long &s;icke or no? He an&s;wered that he had kept his bed the&s;e three moneths at lea&s;t. The which hauing heard, I could not but wonder at the <HI>vrine,</HI> and the &s;trangene&s;&s;e of the &s;ame. Wherefore I enquired of him againe, <HI>whether he felt not &s;ome paine, and as it were &s;ome weight vnder his right &s;ide?</HI> The Seruant auouching that it was &s;o, I enquired <HI>whether hee was not troubled with &s;ome loo&s;ne&s;&s;e, as likewi&s;e if his feet were &s;wollen?</HI> The Seruant an&s;wered, <HI>That hee voyded by &s;toole great abundance of bloody excrements, that his belly was very lancke and flat, his body dry and withered, and that his feet were not at all &s;wollen.</HI> Hauing vnder&s;tood all the pre|mi&s;&s;es, I &s;aid I thought it fitte&s;t to &s;ee the &s;icke before I
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<PB N="94" REF="72"> &s;hould admini&s;ter any Phy&s;icke to him, le&s;t tru&s;ting too much to the fal&s;e flattering <HI>vrine,</HI> I &s;hould let him blood, which might perhaps be an occa&s;ion of great mi&s;chiefe to the &s;icke. The Seruant acquainted his Ma&s;ter with my me&s;&s;age, and vpon that occa&s;ion the next day being &s;ent for, when as I came to him, I found death written in his face already,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Facies Hippocra|tica. Hippocr. progno&s;t. lib. <HI>1.</HI></NOTE> hauing &s;uch a face as is commonly called <HI>Hip|pocraticall,</HI> de&s;cribed by the famous <HI>Hippocrates</HI> in his pre|dictions, to wit, <HI>a &s;harp no&s;e, his temples fallen, hollow eyes, &amp;c.</HI> and withall, <HI>his excrements were bloody, like the wa&s;hing of raw bloody fle&s;h,</HI> the which doe mo&s;t v&s;ually come to pa&s;&s;e by meanes of the imbecility and weakne&s;&s;e of the <HI>liuer. The Pul&s;e was &s;mall, weake, and &s;omewhat quicke,</HI> &s;uch as doth mo&s;t commonly accompany a <HI>Feuer hecticke,</HI> or <HI>Con|&s;umption.</HI> I enquired of him what had beene the originall cau&s;e thereof, and how long he had beene troubled with it. He told me among many other things, <HI>That at fir&s;t hee had v&s;ed the coun&s;ell of a certaine Empiricke, who had mo&s;t grieuou&s;ly tortured and tormented his poore carkeis with mo&s;t &s;trong and violent remedies,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">The Impo&s;tor goeth about to cure him as &s;ick of the French-pox.</NOTE> <HI>confidently maintaining that his di&s;ea&s;e was the French pox.</HI> He &s;aid moreouer, that he had la|boured to cure him <HI>(rather kill him)</HI> with &s;uch remedies as doe violently loo&s;en the belly, from whence hath procee|ded this extraordinary fluxe, continuing with me now the&s;e two moneths at lea&s;t: neyther yet haue I &s;ent this fellow away, howbeit, as I am now much afraid, the Au|thor of my mi&s;chiefe: and for any thing I can as yet per|ceiue, I waxe daily wor&s;e and wor&s;e, my whole &s;trength being now almo&s;t quite decayed, wherfore I am now pur|po&s;ed to &s;end him away packing. Moreouer, as concerning the &s;ignes of the pox, I found none at all, and &s;o farre as I could collect by his owne relation, there were neuer any at all.</P>
<P>In the meane time while we were thus talking our <HI>Em|piricke</HI> came in. This worthy Knight (call him knaue if you plea&s;e) was a Baker by profe&s;&s;ion. This &s;aucy Iack, like &s;ome proud <HI>Thra&s;o,</HI> did maruellou&s;ly expo&s;tulate with the
<PB N="95" REF="72"> Patient for &s;ending for me: <HI>a great cau&s;e indeed to chide poor Pamphilus.</HI> Some certaine big words did this <HI>Braggadochio</HI> breathe out, as is the manner of the&s;e men, howbeit to &s;mall purpo&s;e: adding moreouer, that none could cure him be&s;ides him&s;elfe. Sometimes he &s;aid he was &s;icke of the pox, prating of many other idle things not worth the rehear&s;all: and pre&s;ently againe would he affirme, that hee had a &s;tone in his bladder as big as an egge, and that hee would be content to be hanged if it were not according to his words. Wherefore perceiuing it would be to &s;mall purpo&s;e to v&s;e rea&s;ons again&s;t one, who could be little bet|tered by the &s;ame, or by any &s;harpe reproofe, I only an&s;we|red him thus briefly, <HI>My Friend, I came not hither of mine owne accord, but being &s;ent for: and now &s;o farre as I can per|ceiue, the patient hath need of pre&s;ent help; wherefore I thinke it fitte&s;t to admini&s;ter vnto him &s;uch things as may by little and little &s;top the flux, or el&s;e in a very &s;hort time his vigor and &s;trength will quickly peri&s;h and decay. As for any &s;ignes eyther of the &s;tone, or of the French pox, I find none at all.</HI></P>
<P>Whiles I was thus talking, he betaketh him to his heels in a great chafe and rage. After I had appointed his dyet, and &s;uch gentle remedies as I thought fitte&s;t, I departed homewards. The third day after, the &s;eruant came to me a|gaine, acquainting me that his Ma&s;ter was now much bet|ter then heretofore, I &s;till wi&s;hing him to continue in that cour&s;e I had appointed him.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Phlebotomy pre&s;cribed without the &s;ight of the party, by the vrine only, ha&s;t|neth the &s;icke to his end.</NOTE> But yet not re&s;ting content with my coun&s;ell, &s;ends yet his <HI>vrine</HI> to another <HI>Phy&s;itian,</HI> who vpon the &s;ole &s;ight thereof, without any further, ap|pointeth <HI>Phlebotomy.</HI> The&s;e blocki&s;h people, (notwith|&s;tanding I had &s;trictly charged the contrary, &amp; di&s;&s;waded from bleeding, what&s;oeuer incouragement they might &s;eeme to haue from the <HI>vrine</HI>) did with &s;peed put the &s;ame in execution. Whereupon hee was like to haue yeelded vp the gho&s;t. Of which being aduerti&s;ed by the &s;eruant &s;ent againe vnto me, I told him that the <HI>vrine</HI> had deceiued the <HI>Phy&s;itian,</HI> &amp; withall vndone the patient, wi&s;hing they had better followed my directions, &amp; that now his only cour&s;e
<PB N="96" REF="73"> was to prouide him&s;elfe for another world. The &s;eruant was &s;carce come within the doores, when his ma&s;ter veri|fied my prediction. The friends de&s;irous to know whe|ther the <HI>varlets</HI> words concerning a &s;tone in the <HI>bladder,</HI> would proue true, cau&s;ed him after his death to bee ope|ned, but no &s;uch matter was found, howbeit this Rogue had pledged his necke on the &s;ame.</P>
<P><NOTE PLACE="marg">Not &s;afe al|waies to let blood when the vrine is red.</NOTE>Wherefore here we may learne, that it is not &s;afe vpon the &s;ole in&s;pection of a red <HI>vrine,</HI> pre&s;ently to appoint blee|ding, &s;ince the &s;ame may proceed &s;ometimes of a crudity and weakne&s;&s;e of the <HI>liuer:</HI> and in this <HI>Prie&s;t</HI> was &s;uch an imbecillity conioyned with a <HI>Feuer Hecticke,</HI> and there|fore his bleeding proued to bee his bane. And that wee ought not ra&s;hly vpon the &s;ight of a red and thicke <HI>vrine,</HI> pre&s;cribe <HI>Phlebotomy</HI> (what&s;oeuer <HI>Auicen</HI> and the <HI>Arabian Phy&s;itians</HI> do hold) it is a thing not to be doubted of. It is then apparant how dangerous it is to pre&s;cribe remedies vpon the &s;ight of the <HI>vrine</HI> onely, as al&s;o how deceitfull a &s;igne this is.</P>
<P>And to this purpo&s;e is not impertinent a pretty Story which <HI>Langius</HI> relateth in his Epi&s;tles, where hee maketh mention of a certain Apothecary being a Iew, hauing at the very entry of his &s;hop &s;et a carued Image of a foole, <HI>apparelled with a party-coloured coate,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">A pretty de|&s;cription of a water-prophet.</NOTE> <HI>and a red hat on his head, who holding out an &V;rinall in his hand, fleering as fooles v&s;e to doe, &s;eemed to &s;hew the &s;ame to the beholders.</HI> A <HI>Phy|&s;itian</HI> being there by with <HI>Langius,</HI> maruelling what this might meane, entring within the &s;hop asked the Iew con|cerning the meaning of this matter.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Ingenious con|fe&s;&s;ion of a Iew</NOTE> The <HI>Iew</HI> an&s;wered, <HI>that he had heard both from his Father and Grand-father ha|uing both beene Phy&s;itians, that &s;uch Phy&s;itians as by the falla|cious iudgement of &V;rine doe attempt to know and di&s;cerne the di&s;ea&s;e together with the cau&s;es of it, and the place affected, are fooles like vnto him, who did mocke and laugh to &s;corne their ra&s;h iudgement of the &s;ame, whom for this cau&s;e hee had &s;et for a Signe before his &s;hop dore.</HI> So free and ingenuous a con|fe&s;&s;ion of the truth in this matter, may one &s;eldome heare
<PB N="97" REF="73"> among our Chri&s;tian <HI>Water-prophets,</HI> before who&s;e doores &s;uch Signes were very fit to be &s;et vp.</P>
<P>It is not then &s;ufficient to content our &s;elues with the bare in&s;pection of the <HI>vrine</HI> &s;ent to vs; but it is our part to vi&s;ite the Patient, yea often if it bee po&s;&s;ible,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Lib. de Praecept.</NOTE> and <HI>Hippo|crates</HI> him&s;elfe giueth vs warning of the &s;ame, as al&s;o to inquire of the mo&s;t ignorant Idiot &s;uch things as may helpe forward the Cure. The &s;ame Author in another place &s;aith thus: <HI>Come often at the &s;icke, vi&s;ite diligently,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Lib. de centi. <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">or|natu.</NOTE> <HI>with|&s;tanding &s;uch things as might be done ignorantly, and changing them if they be already done. And thus thou &s;halt more ea&s;ily attaine to the knowledge of the &s;ame, and &s;halt bee the readier for euery occurrent, &amp;c.</HI> Now yet further if the in&s;pection of the <HI>vrine</HI> only were &s;ufficient to giue vs ful notice as wel of the di&s;ea&s;e as of the &s;ignes and <HI>&s;ymptomes</HI> thereof, what needed <HI>Phy&s;itians</HI> to haue written &s;o many volumes with &s;o great labour and toyle concerning other &s;ignes and to|kens whereby they are di&s;cerned. And we read that <HI>Ga|len</HI> him&s;elfe findeth out di&s;ea&s;es, and di&s;tingui&s;heth them by the <HI>pul&s;e,</HI> which requireth of nece&s;&s;ity the pre&s;ence of the <HI>Phy&s;itian,</HI> as well to iudge of it by the touching, as of diuers other excretions by the &s;ight.</P>
<P>Hence al&s;o commeth it to pa&s;&s;e,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Galen</HI> hath writ|ten of &s;et pur|po&s;e diuers bookes concer|ning the <HI>pul&s;e,</HI> not &s;o concer|ning <HI>vrines.</HI></NOTE> that neither <HI>Hippocrates</HI> nor <HI>Galen</HI> haue of &s;et purpo&s;e &s;o curiou&s;ly &s;et downe this Doctrine of <HI>vrines;</HI> howbeit they haue here and there as occa&s;ion &s;erued made mention of the &s;ame, as willing vs not too much to rely vpon it, but to conioyne all the re&s;t of the &s;ignes, which he &s;hall neuer be able to doe without the &s;ight of his Patient.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Iohannes Dama|&s;cenus &amp; Rha&s;es in Aphori&s;mis.</NOTE> This is al&s;o the opinion of <HI>Iohan|nes Dama&s;cenus,</HI> in his <HI>Aphori&s;mes,</HI> and <HI>Rha&s;es</HI> doth like|wi&s;e confirme the &s;ame. And it cannot bee denyed but many by rea&s;on of the incon&s;tancie of this &s;igne (which often deceiueth the <HI>Phy&s;itian</HI>) haue had their dayes much &s;hortened, whom it had beene perhaps an ea&s;ie matter to haue &s;aued, if they had had a skilful <HI>Phy&s;itian</HI> by them. And of this I will &s;et downe as lamentable an example as was the former. <HI>Vpon a time an hone&s;t man being troubled with a
<PB N="98" REF="74"> carno&s;ity,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Story of an vn|skilfull <HI>Surgeon,</HI> who pierced a <HI>carno&s;ity</HI> in the pa&s;&s;age of the <HI>Yard,</HI> procu ing by this meanes the death of the Patient.</NOTE> <HI>growne in the pa&s;&s;age of the vrine, at the bottome of his Yard, a certaine fool-hardy Barbar giuing him&s;elfe forth for &s;ome skilfull Surgeon, thru&s;ting vp a Catheter into his Yard, bur&s;t through the pa&s;&s;age, thinking there had beene &s;ome &s;tone in the bladder; whence it came to pa&s;&s;e that a fluxe of blood en|&s;uing, together with an inflamation and burning feuer, the di&s;|ea&s;ed through the vnskilfulnes of this wicked wretch was ca&s;t a|way.</HI> When death was now knocking at the doore, and ready to breake it open in her <HI>Soueraignes</HI> name, they &s;end his <HI>vrine</HI> to me, this being the cu&s;tome of the common peo|ple, and of &s;ome others al&s;o. The <HI>vrine</HI> was thin and cleere, with a &s;mall re&s;idence, (for the <HI>Fluxe</HI> of blood had cea&s;ed but a little before) of a golden colour, inclining &s;omewhat to Saffron, in&s;omuch that neither could any haue di&s;cerned any inflamation, nor acute <HI>Feuer</HI> by the &s;ame; howbeit it was &s;omwhat coloured: but vnder&s;tanding by the &s;eruant that his &s;tones were exceeding &s;wollen (the which no man by the <HI>vrine</HI> could euer haue di&s;cerned) I went to him my &s;elfe, and found that his priuy members and &s;tones were &s;o exceedingly &s;wollen, that &s;carce had I at any time knowne the like; and at length the <HI>vrine</HI> was quite &s;topt, that not &s;o much as one drop could come forth. There was this braue Barbar &s;tifly maintaining that this was nothing el&s;e but the &s;tone in the <HI>bladder,</HI> and was re&s;olued to haue cut him, the breath being now ready to depart out of his body if I had not di&s;&s;waded him. He had al&s;o admini&s;tred vn|to him very hot and &s;harpe medicines for breaking of the &s;tone, which had increa&s;ed as well the <HI>Feuer</HI> as the <HI>inflama|tion,</HI> and con&s;equently killed him before wee could be|thinke vs of any fit remedies. His dead body being ope|ned to &s;ee if they could finde any &s;tone, they could finde none, neither in the <HI>kidneyes, pipes of the vrine,</HI> nor yet in the <HI>bladder;</HI> &s;o that then they gaue credit to my &s;peeches.</P>
<P>I could relate a many like Stories of &s;uch as haue beene di&s;ea&s;ed of <HI>Pleuri&s;ies, inflammation of the lungs,</HI> and the like, deluded to their great dammage by this &s;o deceitfull a &s;igne: but the&s;e &s;hall now &s;uffice to proue that which we haue
<PB N="99" REF="74"> vndertaken. Now &s;ince it hath beene lately declared that the <HI>Phy&s;itian</HI> can by the in&s;pection of the <HI>vrine</HI> onely, nei|ther finde out the infirmity nor yet the place affected, much le&s;&s;e the cau&s;es and <HI>&s;ymptomes</HI> of them: now it re&s;t|eth to declare that the <HI>vrine</HI> cannot indicate or demon|&s;trate the cure it &s;elfe; but that be&s;ides the <HI>vrine</HI> there are certaine <HI>&s;copes</HI> and <HI>ends,</HI> from which the <HI>indications</HI> of cu|ring are deriued, which doe no le&s;&s;e require the Pre&s;ence of the <HI>Phy&s;itian</HI> then the former, the which al&s;o in the next place wee will &s;et downe;<NOTE PLACE="marg">In libris ob&s;eruat. Medicinal. de fe|bribus.</NOTE> howbeit I haue el&s;ewhere hand|led the &s;ame as occa&s;ion was offered.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 N="4" TYPE="chapter">
<HEAD><HI>CHAP. IIII.</HI> That there is a certaine Method and order of &s;ignes and cau&s;es, as al&s;o of di&s;ea&s;es, together with the accidents of the &s;ame: that there are al&s;o certaine &s;copes and ends from the which againe the indications of curing are deriued, by meanes whereof, and not of the bare in&s;pection of the Vrine onely, the cure it &s;elfe is performed: by all which as well the vtility as the nece&s;&s;ity of the pre&s;ence of the Phy&s;itian with his Pati|ent is proued.</HEAD>
<P>_NOw as concerning the &s;ignes of di&s;ea|&s;es, and the finding out of the &s;ame, our learned <HI>Phy&s;itians</HI> haue laboured nor a little. And as concerning the fountaine and &s;pring from whence they doe proceed, our <HI>Phy&s;itians</HI> haue &s;et downe diuers; the which fir&s;t of all that euer-prai&s;e-worthy <HI>Hippocrates</HI> found out, who layd al&s;o the fir&s;t foundation of this <HI>rationall Phy&s;icall</HI> Profe&s;&s;i|on, as it is now practi&s;ed,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rationalis &s;ectae Author Hippo|crates.</NOTE> worthy the admiring in this one poynt, that hee proceeded &s;o farre in this Profe&s;&s;ion, <HI>that hee hath beene euer highly e&s;teemed, not onely by tho&s;e who li|ued in his time: but euen in the &s;ucceeding ages al&s;o.</HI> This <HI>ra|tionall</HI> &s;ect, as wee may call it, doth proceed from the na|ture
<PB N="100" REF="75"> of the thing it &s;elfe, to finde out the &s;ignes, the cau&s;es, and remedies. Hence al&s;o commeth it to pa&s;&s;e that a <HI>Phy&s;itian</HI> profe&s;&s;ing the &s;ame, mu&s;t vnder&s;tand the tempe|rature and con&s;titution of mens bodies, as al&s;o to be well exerci&s;ed in finding out the &s;euerall infirmities of the parts of the body.<NOTE PLACE="marg">After <HI>Hippocra|tes Galen,</HI> and af|ter him many learned men haue handled this Method.</NOTE> After many other famous and learned men &s;ucceeded <HI>Galen,</HI> who <HI>hath herein gotten him&s;elfe &s;o much glory, that hee hath left but little for his Succe&s;&s;ors to gleane after him.</HI> Of late diuers learned men haue well manured this <HI>Method,</HI> as namely <HI>Montanus. Fernelius</HI> al&s;o refined this faculty, publi&s;hing it to the view of the world. The &s;ame hath lately beene illu&s;trated with a new and ea&s;ie <HI>Method</HI> by <HI>Heurnius,</HI> and <HI>Argenterius</HI> hath al&s;o attemp|ted the &s;ame; and many others haue taken no &s;mall paines in this matter. Now how&s;oeuer they may &s;eeme &s;ome|what to vary and differ in the enumeration of the particu|lars; yet they are all deriued from a true and &s;ound <HI>Method.</HI> And thus <HI>Donatus</HI> with <HI>Galen,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Donatus ab alto mari.</NOTE> &s;earch out fir&s;t of all the place affected and grieued: to wit, <HI>whether it be &s;o of it &s;elfe, or by con&s;ent of &s;ome other part:</HI> the which notwith&s;tanding without the knowledge of <HI>Anatomy,</HI> no man can euer finde out. The place affected or grieued therefore hee &s;earcheth and inquireth into, from fiue &s;euerall &s;prings and fountaines: <HI>from the hurt the action hath receiued, from the manner of the excretions, the po&s;ition or &s;ituation of the part, the nature or manner of the paine, together with the propriety of the accidents.</HI> So in like manner doth hee finde out the di&s;|ea&s;e it &s;elfe, <HI>from the excretions, the propriety of the paine, the propriety of the accidents, the nature of the part it &s;elfe, and from &s;uch things as haue preceded and gone before;</HI> &s;uch as are the manner of dyet, cu&s;tome, age, the con&s;titution of the Ayre, or the Heauens, together with the di&s;po&s;ition of the whole body.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Leonhardus. Iac|chinus cap. <HI>1.</HI> in <HI>9.</HI> Rha&s;. ad Al|man&s;. Montanus Met. vniuer&s;a. cap. <HI>56.</HI> &amp; <HI>57</HI></NOTE> And be&s;ides this, &s;uch a di&s;ea&s;e as properly pertaineth to the part, doth continue without in|termi&s;&s;ion, but that which co~meth by con&s;ent hath &s;ome intermi&s;&s;ion. After this manner al&s;o proceedeth <HI>Leonhardus Iacchinus.</HI> Montanus <HI>collecteth all his from two fountaines or &s;prings,</HI> to wit, <HI>from the actions &amp; pa&s;&s;ions of the whole body.</HI>
<PB N="101" REF="75"> Hee doth therefore ob&s;erue whether the action <HI>vitall, na|turall,</HI> or <HI>animall</HI> bee quite decayed and peri&s;hed, or any wayes depraued or marred. The <HI>naturall</HI> actions are con|&s;idered from the change of excretions of the &s;aid parts: the <HI>animall</HI> actions from the excretions or &s;uperfluities of the <HI>braine,</HI> the <HI>vitall</HI> from the <HI>pul&s;e.</HI> After the &s;ame man|ner doe we con&s;ider of the pa&s;&s;ions as we haue done of the actions. Thus doe wee fir&s;t of all con&s;ider the pa&s;&s;ions of the <HI>braine,</HI> &s;uch as are <HI>watching, &s;leepe and deliration.</HI> The <HI>vitall</HI> are <HI>di&s;tru&s;t, feare</HI> and <HI>&s;hamefa&s;tne&s;&s;e;</HI> the la&s;t whereof being once lo&s;t, that party &s;eldome recouereth the health. The naturall pa&s;&s;ions are <HI>plea&s;ure</HI> &amp; <HI>delight, hunger, thir&s;t,</HI> and the like, being referred to the <HI>&s;tomacke.</HI> There mai&s;t thou &s;ee a many mo things concerning this Subiect, which of purpo&s;e I pa&s;&s;e by, &amp; that for feare of being too tedious.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Argenterius lib duobus de offici Medici, prae&s;er|tim. cap. <HI>18.</HI> lib. <HI>2</HI></NOTE> <HI>Argenterius</HI> al&s;o hath a large field tending to this &s;ame pur+po&s;e, which I will al&s;o here omit. All which do intimate &s;o much vnto vs, that the <HI>vrine</HI> only cannot bring all this to pa&s;&s;e. Now next let vs proceed to the cau&s;es of di&s;ea&s;es.</P>
<P>Briefly therefore of the cau&s;es, &s;ome are <HI>internall,</HI> called <GAP LANG="grc" DESC="foreign" RESP="OXF">, being bred within the body of man, &s;uch as are <HI>blood, phlegme, yellow and blacke choler,</HI> exceeding their owne bounds and limits. Other cau&s;es are <HI>externall,</HI> cal|led <HI>primitiue,</HI> and by the <HI>Greeks</HI> <GAP LANG="grc" DESC="foreign" RESP="OXF">, being with|out the body of man, as <HI>heat, cold, poy&s;on,</HI> with innumera|ble others, &amp;c. Now of the&s;e, &s;ome againe be nece&s;&s;ary, as the <HI>ambient ayre, our meate, drinke, re&s;t, &s;leepe, watching, perturbations of the minde;</HI> as <HI>feare, &s;adne&s;&s;e, anger, &amp;c.</HI> O|thers againe are not &s;o nece&s;&s;ary but that wee may well a|uoid the &s;ame: &s;uch are <HI>hot &s;tewes, bathes, vnctions, appa|rell, &s;mels, carnall copulation, externall motions, whether by hor&s;e, waggon, as al&s;o falles,</HI> with a number of other things, which doe &s;uddenly a&s;&s;ault vs: all or any of which, who &s;o would &s;eeke for in the <HI>vrine,</HI> de&s;erued to be begged for a foole, or to be allowed <HI>vrine</HI> for his ordinary drinke. The <HI>internall</HI> cau&s;es haue their originall and being from the <HI>primitiue, euident,</HI> or <HI>externall,</HI> concerning which thou
<PB N="96" REF="76"> mai&s;t &s;ee many famous auncient and later writers.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Gal. de cau&s;. morb. &amp;. &s;ympt. Fernel de cau&s;is morber. &amp;c.</NOTE> As for the finall cau&s;e it is not to be ob&s;erued in the Art of <HI>Phy|&s;icke.</HI> The <HI>efficient</HI> cau&s;e is that which altereth and chan|geth the &s;tate of the body from an equality and good tem|per, to an inequalitie and di&s;temper: the &s;ame is againe ei|ther internall, externall, or primitiue, within the body do alter it, <HI>the meate, drinke, and</HI> medicines: without the bo|die, <HI>the affections of the mind, anger, motions, carnall co|pulation, &s;leepe, and watching.</HI> The materiall cau&s;e may al&s;o become the efficient cau&s;e of the di&s;ea&s;e, being al&s;o two-fold; the one, the matter of which, as are the hu|mours; the other, the matter in the which, as are the members of the body, receiuing the di&s;ea&s;es and infir|mities of the &s;ame. The formall cau&s;e, as in a Feuer, an externall and outward heate. Now how be it much more might be &s;aid concerning the cau&s;es, yet will wee not in&s;i&s;t any longer vpon them, but referre the curious Reader to the afore&s;aid authors with many others.</P>
<P>Now as neither the &s;ignes nor cau&s;es of di&s;ea&s;es can be di&s;cerned by the <HI>vrine,</HI> it followeth now in order that the indications of curing, or that part of <HI>Phy&s;icke</HI> called <HI>Thera|peutica,</HI> can no more be found out by the <HI>vrine,</HI> but it is to be found out by certaine &s;copes or ends, from whence are afterwards deriued certaine indications of curing. But to the end wee may more ea&s;ily attaine to our purpo&s;e, wee will fir&s;t of all declare what is meant by the&s;e foure, <HI>Indi|catio, coindicatio, contra indicatio, correpugnatio,</HI> beginning fir&s;t to tell what is meant by this word <HI>Scope.</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">A Scope what it is.</NOTE> A <HI>Scope</HI> then is the tearme, or end whereunto the action is directed. <HI>Indication</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Indication.</NOTE> is the rea&s;on or Motiue of doing &s;uch a thing, which looking vpon the <HI>Scope,</HI> doth point out to vs: or thus, <HI>Indication</HI> is the knowledge of that which may either help or hurt: <HI>Coindication</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Coindication.</NOTE> is that which &s;heweth vs the &s;ame that the <HI>Indication,</HI> but not primarily of it &s;elfe, but by accident, and as it were in another place. Thus the &s;trength of the patient is &s;aid to indicate <HI>Phlebotomy,</HI> or a proper diet, but the temperature of the body, the age, the
<PB N="93" REF="76"> &s;exe, the cu&s;tome do coindicate the &s;ame, becau&s;e they de|clare in what &s;tate the &s;trength of the body &s;tandeth, and con&s;equently doe declare and point out the dyet, not of them&s;elues, but by others mediation and comming betwixt them. <HI>Contraindication</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Contraindica|tion.</NOTE> is that which primarily and princi|pally doth hinder that which was &s;ugge&s;ted by the indi|cant: as the abundance of humours do indicate a plenti|full euacuation; the <HI>Contraindicant</HI> is the want of vigour and &s;trength, hindering this worke, and oppo&s;ing the &s;elfe again&s;t it, as being more by the &s;ame ouerthrowen then any thing el&s;e within the body of man according to the cour&s;e of nature. <HI>Correpugnation</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Correpugna|tion.</NOTE> (if &s;o I may &s;ay) or <HI>Cor|repugnantia,</HI> are &s;uch things as doe &s;econdarily oppo&s;e them&s;elues to the <HI>Indication,</HI> and as one might &s;ay oppo|&s;ing them&s;elues together, or ioyning with the other in oppo&s;ition, &s;uch as are in euacuation, the age, the &s;exe, the temperature of the body, and the re&s;t of this nature and kinde: all which when they &s;hew the imbecillitie and weakene&s;&s;e of naturall &s;trength, doe either not admit any euacuation at all, or el&s;e do in&s;inuate the apt and due mo|deration of the &s;ame. Now &s;uch things as do neither indi|cate nor <HI>contra indicate,</HI> neither per&s;wading, nor di&s;&s;wa|ding; &s;uch I &s;ay as if they were not at all, are not of vs con&s;idered, or taken notice of, but of the&s;e things &s;ee at great length <HI>Donatus, Argenterius,</HI> and <HI>Montanus,</HI> with many others, the which the learned, if they be de&s;irous, may there &s;ee &s;et downe at great length, and &s;o it doth plainely appeare that the <HI>indications</HI> of curing are not ta|ken from the in&s;pection of the <HI>vrine,</HI> as many mo&s;t fal&s;ely haue hitherto conceiued, but yet we will &s;et downe in the next Chapter the chiefe <HI>Scopes</HI> from whence <HI>Indica|tions</HI> are taken, and &s;o &s;hall the vncertaintie and deceit|fulne&s;&s;e of this &s;igne of <HI>Vrine</HI> be made more manife&s;t.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 N="5" TYPE="chapter">
<PB N="104" REF="77">
<HEAD><HI>CHAP. V.</HI> That remedies ought to be &s;ought from certaine &s;copes and indi|cations, for the which cau&s;e &s;uch Phy&s;itians are to be bla|med, who doe vnadui&s;edly vpon the &s;ole &s;ight of the vrine pre&s;cribe their remedies.</HEAD>
<P>_NOw then to acquit my &s;elfe of my former promi&s;e, and to the end this matter may more manife&s;tly appeare, I will out of the former famous Phy&s;itians briefly &s;et down the chiefe &s;copes from whence the indica|tions of curing are taken.<NOTE PLACE="marg">1 <HI>Scope.</HI> Whether wee are to vnder|take the Cure or no.</NOTE> The fir&s;t <HI>&s;cope</HI> of all therefore &s;hall be, <HI>whether that wee would take in hand ought to be vn|dertaken;</HI> for if it be po&s;&s;ible, then may wee boldly goe a|bout it; if impo&s;&s;ible, then not to attempt it. Now to the end the <HI>Phy&s;itian</HI> may vndertake or not vndertake a cure, two things are to be con&s;idered, the <HI>efficient,</HI> and the <HI>mat|ter</HI> or <HI>instrument</HI> on the which the <HI>Phy&s;itian</HI> is to worke. Then come wee next to the <HI>manner of curing.</HI> Now then if wee meane to proceed in it, two things mu&s;t concurre, <HI>the power,</HI> and <HI>the matter;</HI> if either bee wanting wee can doe nothing to any purpo&s;e; as if any member of the bo|dy be <HI>deficient, eye, no&s;e, &amp;c.</HI></P>
<P>The <HI>Phy&s;itian</HI> him&s;elfe may in like manner be <HI>deficient,</HI> in regard of his ignorance and in&s;ufficiencie, &s;uch as be <HI>Empiricks, women-phy&s;itians, &amp;c.</HI> who are fitter for ba&s;er imployments then for &s;o weighty a calling. The skilfull and learned <HI>Phy&s;itian</HI> may yet be deficient al&s;o in regard of &s;ome operations &s;et downe by &s;ome famous auncient <HI>Phy&s;itians,</HI> as being in tho&s;e dayes v&s;uall, now di&s;u&s;ed and di&s;continued; as for example, the inci&s;ion of the di&s;ea&s;ed of a <HI>Drop&s;y,</HI> the which perhaps may be either in regard of the difficultie thereof, or in regard of the decaying of the &s;trength, it not beeing then &s;afe to admini&s;ter the &s;ame. Sometimes al&s;o it commeth to pa&s;&s;e that although as well the <HI>matter</HI> as the <HI>in&s;trument</HI> be fitted for the operation, that
<PB N="105" REF="77"> yet notwith&s;tanding it is not &s;afe to goe about the cure, in con&s;ideration of &s;ome other circum&s;tances which doe internally or externally happen and befall the &s;ubiect wee are to deale withall. The <HI>internall may bee the temperature of the body, perturbations of the mind, age, and &s;ometimes the &s;elf-wilfulne&s;&s;e of the &s;icke.</HI> For if we &s;hould appoint a &s;trict and thin &s;paring dyet, the temperature of the body not beeing able to beare the &s;ame (as commonly wee &s;ee in cholericke bodyes) then may it rather doe harme &amp;c. So mu&s;t wee be &s;paring with <HI>Phlebotomy</HI> either in yong chil|dren, or yet in women with child, e&s;pecially towards the beginning and later end of their time, the like circum&s;pe|ction is to be v&s;ed in purging remedies. Neither yet are wee to neglect the <HI>perturbations of the mind,</HI> as in faint har|ted people wee are to v&s;e the&s;e remedies &s;paringly, as al&s;o in <HI>Laskes,</HI> and in the <HI>men&s;truous flux of women,</HI> and in the <HI>Piles</HI> or <HI>Hemorrhoids.</HI> Such things as doe externally befall vs, are fir&s;t the ayre, and therefore in &s;oft and foggy bo|dies, in any great exce&s;&s;e of Summers heat or Winters cold the &s;ame ought to bee re&s;trained if not wholly inhibited: the like being vnder&s;tood of an exceeding hot or cold re|gion. Cu&s;tome al&s;o mu&s;t not be contemned, for &s;ome ac|cu&s;toming them&s;elues to feed 3. or 4. times a day, falling &s;icke mu&s;t be more liberally dyeted; and &s;uch as are accu|&s;tomed to purging and bleeding, &s;u&s;taine le&s;&s;e hurt by the &s;ame. In like &s;ort we are to con&s;ider whether we are to at|tempt any thing at all, or to commit the whole worke to natures wi&s;e di&s;po&s;ing, according to the opinion of <HI>Argen|terius:</HI> or yet if we &s;ee the di&s;ea&s;e &s;o farre gone that there is no good to be done, not to attempt to do any thing, but to foretell the dangerous i&s;&s;ue of the &s;ame.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Second <HI>&s;cope</HI> choyce of that which is fitte&s;t to be done.</NOTE> The &s;econd <HI>&s;cope</HI> followeth vpon the fir&s;t, for hauing in the fir&s;t place con&s;i|dered whether we are to go in hand with the cure or no, in the next place we are to con&s;ider what is to be done, for being many things to bee done, it is not a thing of &s;mall moment to vnder&s;tand what he is to doe, whether to v&s;e <HI>euacuation</HI> or <HI>repletion, dige&s;tion, nutrition, alteration, refrige|ration,</HI>
<PB N="106" REF="78"> with infinite other things more; or whether &s;ome thing be&s;ides all the&s;e yet is to be done, of the wh<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ch who|&s;oeuer is ignorant going about one thing in &s;tead of ano|ther, mu&s;t needs bee the author of great mi&s;chiefe. The cau&s;e then doth indicate and declare vnto vs <HI>what wee are to doe,</HI> (as <HI>Montanus well ob&s;erueth) but the efficient cau&s;e</HI> doth e&s;pecially indicate pre&s;eruation from future infirmi|ties: the <HI>materiall cau&s;e</HI> being <HI>corporeall</HI> or <HI>incorporeall,</HI> be|longeth properly to the curing or curer of the &s;aid infirmi|ties. Now the&s;e two &s;orts of <HI>materiall cau&s;es</HI> doe differ, the <HI>materiall corporeall cau&s;e</HI> a&s;cribing vnto it &s;elfe <HI>euacuation;</HI> the other being <HI>incorporeall</HI> only <HI>alteration.</HI> Or yet this <HI>in|dication</HI> (according to the opinion of <HI>Argenterius</HI>) is taken from the number and difference of the infirmities, &amp;c. <HI>Ga|len</HI> defumeth the &s;ame from the <HI>dignity of the part or mem|ber, the nature of the action, from the &s;ub&s;tance and &s;cituation thereof,</HI> whom other Writers do al&s;o imitate. So doth <HI>Iac|chinus</HI> defume and take the indication of this <HI>&s;cope</HI> from the <HI>temperature of the part, the excellency of it, the &s;eat or &s;ci|tuation, &amp; the connexion or knitting therof with &s;ome other. Do|natus</HI> in like manner draweth the fir&s;t indication from the <HI>temperature of the part it &s;elfe,</HI> affirming that the &s;ub&s;tance together with the infirmity it &s;elfe doe both demon&s;trate this, (as 5. <HI>Meth</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg"><GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">. Meth.</NOTE>) and the manner how to v&s;e the &s;ame is taken from the <HI>forme</HI> and <HI>&s;cituation.</HI> And thus doth <HI>Galen</HI> appoint to pre&s;erue and keepe the naturall temperature, with things alike in quality to the &s;ame, as to appoint dry remedies to dry parts, and moy&s;t to the moy&s;ter, &amp;c. Se|condly, <HI>Donatus</HI> taketh his indication after <HI>Galens</HI> minde, from the <HI>action,</HI> and therefore willeth vs to purgc the <HI>liuer,</HI> and <HI>&s;tomacke</HI> with great caution and circum&s;pection, by rea&s;on of the noblene&s;&s;e of their actions, and the nece&s;&s;ary v&s;e of them to the whole body: thirdly, from the <HI>&s;hape and figure of the part affected.</HI> By this meanes are we warned by which way and pa&s;&s;age we are to euacuate, to wit, the <HI>&s;to|macke</HI> by <HI>vomit</HI> and <HI>&s;toole,</HI> the <HI>guts</HI> by <HI>&s;toole</HI> only, as al&s;o the hollow parts of the <HI>liuer,</HI> the <HI>kidneyes,</HI> the <HI>backe-part of the
<PB N="107" REF="78"> liuer, and the bladder by the pa&s;&s;ages of the vrine, &amp;c.</HI> The fourth indication he takes from the <HI>&s;cituation of the part.</HI> Thus are wee to apply to outward di&s;tempers remedies iu&s;t of the &s;ame degree of contrary qualities, and &s;uch as the di&s;temper requireth. But againe the inward and farre remote parts of the body being di&s;tempered require reme|dies a great deale &s;tronger then the di&s;temper in its owne nature, and that in regard of the remotene&s;&s;e of the part, the <HI>Phy&s;icke</HI> lo&s;ing &s;ome of the force in the pa&s;&s;age, &amp;c. The fift indication he taketh from the <HI>&s;en&s;iblene&s;&s;e</HI> of the part, &s;uch as be of an obtu&s;e and dull feeling contemning for the mo&s;t part the mo&s;t effectuall meanes, although they were of a corroding and eating quality. Such parts againe as be very &s;en&s;ible their &s;trength is quickly ouerthrowne. It is very meete and expedient therefore to remedy the &s;ame not all at once in one in&s;tant with &s;trong and forci|ble meanes, but for the more &s;afety by degrees: but where the feeling is duller thou mai&s;t &s;afely v&s;e &s;uch remedies as thou &s;halt finde fitting all at one time. And thus it now appeareth plainly that this &s;econd <HI>&s;cope</HI> is not to bee taken from the viewing of the <HI>water,</HI> as the&s;e ignorant <HI>&V;rine-mongers</HI> doe mo&s;t fal&s;ly &s;uppo&s;e, who vpon the bare in&s;pe|ction of it appoint their mo&s;t dangerous and &s;trong medi|cines, yea rather mo&s;t deadly Poy&s;ons, as doe in like man|ner our <HI>Alchymi&s;ts</HI> with their mo&s;t dangerous <HI>metall-medicines,</HI> they being both alike ignorant in the Principles and rules of Art. The <HI>third &s;cope is by what meanes</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Third <HI>&s;cope</HI> by what meanes.</NOTE> <HI>wee ought to bring that to pa&s;&s;e which we intend.</HI> This &s;cope then requi|reth the furniture of &s;uch &s;tuffe as <HI>Phy&s;icke</HI> is able to afford vs, the which either the di&s;ea&s;e or the cau&s;e of the &s;ame doth indicate. If the di&s;ea&s;e, then it cannot be &s;ufficiently knowne without the <HI>Phy&s;itians</HI> pre&s;ence, much le&s;&s;e cured vnle&s;&s;e he be either alwaies pre&s;ent, or at lea&s;t doe often vi|&s;ite his Patient. This <HI>&s;cope then is indicated from the di&s;ea&s;e, the cau&s;e, together with the accidents of the &s;ame.</HI> And there|fore old inueterate ob&s;tructions doe indicate &s;trong and forcible medicines for the opening of them: the abun|dance
<PB N="108" REF="79"> of humors, &s;uch <HI>Phy&s;icke</HI> as may be fit for the euacu|ation of the &s;ame. The di&s;ea&s;e which yet is crude admit|teth no euacuation before the concoction thereof. They are not therefore without blame who pre&s;ently vpon the &s;ight of the <HI>vrine</HI> onely, appoint the Patient &s;trong and violent Purgations, whether there bee concoctions or none at all, and that quite contrary to the minde of <HI>Hippo|crates</HI> and other learned <HI>Phy&s;itians.</HI></P>
<P>And thus doth euery one of the&s;e indicate the owne proper remedy, whether the cau&s;e, di&s;ea&s;e, or accidents of them. <HI>Di&s;temper</HI> doth indicate <HI>alteration; the multitude of humours euacuation; crudity, concoction; paine, mitigation of the &s;ame; any violent Fluxe, a&s;tringent and binding reme|dies, &amp;c.</HI> The <HI>fourth &s;cope</HI> con&s;idereth the <HI>quality of the matter,</HI> that is, <HI>a choyce of the fitte&s;t meanes,</HI> e&s;pecially when they are many, together with the quantity of the &s;ame.<NOTE PLACE="marg">The fourth <HI>&s;cope</HI> the &s;electi|on and choyce of the fitte&s;t meanes, and the quality of the &s;ame.</NOTE> And therefore it is not &s;ufficient for vs to know what doth euacuate <HI>choler</HI> or any other humour, but what effecteth it to be&s;t purpo&s;e, The quality of the remedy is taken accor|ding to <HI>Galen,</HI> from the <HI>action</HI> which it bringeth forth, ta|king the name from the part to the which it is appropri|ate, and the infirmity which it helpeth. The fir&s;t qualities &s;uch as are <HI>heat, cold, drought and moy&s;ture,</HI> are the Authors of the <HI>action,</HI> and &s;uch as are deriued from them, as tho&s;e which do <HI>&s;often, harden, loo&s;en, extend</HI> or <HI>&s;tretch;</HI> and &s;uch likewi&s;e as doe follow the <HI>&s;olidity of the &s;ub&s;tance,</HI> to wit, tho&s;e that doe <HI>attenuate, that doe cut, and &s;uch as doe thicken and &s;tuffe vp the pa&s;&s;ages,</HI> and are called properly <HI>enpla&s;ticae,</HI> as in like &s;ort &s;uch as are engendred of the two former &s;orts of qualities, as are <HI>a&s;tringent, repelling, dige&s;ting, opening, thick|ning, clen&s;ing,</HI> together with others of the &s;ame nature and kinde. Secondly, the quality of remedies is taken accor|ding to <HI>Galen,</HI> from the <HI>&s;imilitude or likene&s;&s;e of the whole &s;ub&s;tance,</HI> from whence doth proceed the purging quality, which doth draw the humours of the body, &s;ome purging one humour &s;ome another. Thirdly, it is taken from the <HI>infirmity and the part affected;</HI> as for example, <HI>Bechica</HI> bee
<PB N="109" REF="79"> &s;uch remedies as are appropriate for the <HI>cough; Stomachica, hepatica,</HI> &s;uch as befit the <HI>&s;tomacke</HI> and <HI>liuer.</HI> Now the <HI>in|firmity</HI> it &s;elfe doth indicate the applications of the fir&s;t qualities, thus; the <HI>heat</HI> that which is <HI>cold,</HI> and the <HI>cold</HI> a|gaine that which is <HI>hot, &amp;c.</HI> The <HI>temperature</HI> againe doth indicate the application of the like, as a <HI>cold temperature</HI> requireth a <HI>cold quality, &amp;c.</HI> The &s;ame may bee &s;aid of all the afore&s;aid qualities.</P>
<P>Now which of the qualities, that take their names from the place and the infirmity of the &s;ame, ought to be apply|ed vnto it, is indicated or declared as well by the nature of the part it &s;elfe, as of the di&s;ea&s;e al&s;o. And for this cau&s;e the <HI>&s;tomacke</HI> &amp; <HI>liuer</HI> do require &s;uch medicines as may &s;treng|then them, as <HI>wormewood, &amp;c.</HI> Each part al&s;o doth craue her proper and peculiar remedy: and &s;o al&s;o are &s;ome di&s;|ea&s;es thought to be helped by &s;ome peculiar remedies; as the <HI>falling &s;ickne&s;&s;e</HI> by <HI>Peonie, &amp;c. The fift generall &s;cope is the quantity of the remedie:</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">The fift <HI>&s;cope</HI> the quantity of the remedy.</NOTE> and in nothing what&s;oeuer doe <HI>Empiricks</HI> and ignorant <HI>Phy&s;itians</HI> erre more then in this poynt, it being notwith&s;tanding &s;o dangerous. It is not then &s;ufficient to know that the di&s;ea&s;e is to bee cured by contraries; but the exact quantity of the remedy is al&s;o to be found out: for if we &s;hall happen to ouer-coole a hot di&s;ea&s;e, we may ca&s;t the &s;icke into a cold di&s;ea&s;e, the which to preuent we ought to be acquainted both with the &s;tate of the body of the &s;icke, the di&s;ea&s;e it &s;elfe, together with the nature and faculties of the remedies. Now that I in&s;i&s;t not vpon the opinions of <HI>Montanus Argenterius,</HI> and o|thers, I will &s;hew onely from whence <HI>Galen</HI> taketh his in|dications of the <HI>quantity of the remedies,</HI> whom <HI>Akakia</HI> al&s;o (my &s;ometimes kind and louing friend, when as I practi|&s;ed <HI>Phy&s;icke</HI> in <HI>France</HI>) doth imitate. Hee taketh his indi|cation of the <HI>quantity;</HI> fir&s;t from the greatne&s;&s;e of the <HI>infir|mity,</HI> vnder which name I comprehend both the <HI>di&s;ea&s;e,</HI> the <HI>cau&s;e, and accidents of the &s;ame.</HI> A great infirmity ther|fore doth not only require a great quantity of the remedy, but al&s;o a competent power and force in the &s;ame: the
<PB N="110" REF="80"> &s;maller infirmity, &s;maller in quantity, and remi&s;&s;er in force: and finally the exce&s;&s;e of nature is to bee driuen away by the like exce&s;&s;e of the remedy. In the next place <HI>Galen</HI> ta|keth his indications from the ob&s;tinacie and &s;tubbornnes of the di&s;ea&s;e; for when the &s;ame may ea&s;ily bee remoued, then are we to exhibite our remedies &s;eldomer and more &s;paringly: but if they be hard and vnea&s;ie to be remoued, then may we more freely, more copiou&s;ly, and oftner ex|hibite our remedies. Thirdly, from the <HI>&s;trength,</HI> for if it decay and wa&s;t, then mu&s;t we exhibite our remedies &s;pa|ringly and &s;eldome: but if the ca&s;e bee otherwi&s;e, then may wee oftner and frequently v&s;e the &s;ame. Fourthly, from the proper and peculiar nature of the Patient: for ac|cording as they differ, &s;o mu&s;t the remedies in like manner vary. Some con&s;titutions there are to whom any <HI>Phy&s;icke</HI> will pre&s;ently turne into nouri&s;hment, and &s;uch may take the &s;ame more liberally. Others there are againe who are annoyed with any <HI>Phy&s;icke</HI> what&s;oeuer, &s;o that oftentimes the very &s;mell of it will incite them to ca&s;ting; and to &s;uch thou oughte&s;t to giue the &s;ame more &s;paringly. Fiftly, from the nature and condition of the part: &amp; this doth compre|hend al&s;o vnder it the exqui&s;ite &s;en&s;e and feeling, together with the dulne&s;&s;e thereof, the &s;olidity, the office, &amp;c. And therefore an acute &s;en&s;e and feeling doth reiect a &s;trong and copious medicine, which a more obtu&s;e and dull &s;en&s;e admitteth willingly. Likewi&s;e a thin and &s;pongious part requireth much milder then that which is thick, hard and compact. So in like manner the <HI>noble parts,</HI> and &s;uch as performe a common duty to the whole body, (&s;uch as are the <HI>&s;tomacke, liuer, heart,</HI> and <HI>braine</HI>) require the &s;ame more mild, and withall &s;paringly. On the contrary &s;uch as be ob&s;cure, ignoble, and performe no &s;uch publike and common office, may ea&s;ily indure it &s;omewhat quicker and in greater quantity. Sixtly, <HI>Galen</HI> taketh the indicati|on of the quantity of the remedy from the &s;hape or fa&s;hion of the part. And therefore &s;uch parts as haue within and without large and wide pa&s;&s;ages, through the which the
<PB N="111" REF="80"> medicine may be ea&s;ily conueyed to the place affected, and the matter of the di&s;ea&s;e dige&s;ted, require the &s;ame more gentle and more &s;paring: but &s;uch againe as are de|&s;titute of the &s;ame, or haue their pa&s;&s;ages narrower, re|quire it both more copious and more quicke. Seauenthly, from the <HI>&s;ituation</HI> and connexion of the part with others; for &s;uch as bee outward hauing any &s;ociety with the <HI>&s;to|macke</HI> and <HI>guts,</HI> require the &s;ame both gentle and little in quantity: but &s;uch as bee more remote from the former, demand it in greater abundance and &s;tronger withall.</P>
<P><HI>The &s;ixt generall &s;cope is the limitation of the quantity,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">The &s;ixt <HI>&s;cope.</HI> The manner or limitation of the quantity.</NOTE> or the manner of admini&s;tring it according to the &s;euerall oc|currents and occa&s;ions. And therefore it is not without cau&s;e that <HI>Montanus</HI> &s;aith, wee are well to con&s;ider how and after what manner we go about that we take in hand: for we proceed after one manner when it is a maligne di&s;|ea&s;e, and otherwi&s;e when it is &s;ecure and void of danger: as al&s;o many dangerous accidents require a cour&s;e farre differing from that di&s;ea&s;e where there is no &s;uch thing to be &s;eene. Now the materiall cau&s;e al&s;o, or the &s;ubiect in the which the di&s;ea&s;e is inherent doth indicate the &s;ame, as that the cure mu&s;t proceed after one manner in the <HI>braine,</HI> &amp; after another in the <HI>liuer.</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Vale Gal. ad Glam. Monta|num.</NOTE> And to the former may be al&s;o added the <HI>&s;icke parties cu&s;tome, &s;tate of life or calling, the time of the yeare, age, temperature, or con&s;titution of body; the mo|tion of the di&s;ea&s;e, or the re&s;ting or &s;taying of the &s;ame, and the nature of the place affected.</HI></P>
<P>A number of other indications for breuities &s;ake I of purpo&s;e pa&s;&s;e by, howbeit the&s;e may &s;ufficiently declare vnto vs that which the &s;tinking <HI>vrine</HI> will neuer doe. Now notwith&s;tanding all the premi&s;es, we &s;hall yet remaine in great doubt and &s;u&s;pence, vnle&s;&s;e things bee done conue|niently and in due time. And therefore the <HI>&s;eauenth &s;cope con&s;idereth the due &amp; conuenient time</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">The &s;euenth <HI>&s;cope.</HI> The fit &amp; con|uenient time.</NOTE> <HI>for that we take in hand.</HI> Thus the motion of the di&s;ea&s;e doth indicate when to doe or not to doe, and the time likewi&s;e of the di&s;ea&s;e. And therfore if the motion of the di&s;ea&s;e be quick &amp; &s;peedy, we
<PB N="112" REF="81"> mu&s;t with all &s;peed helpe and &s;uccour the &s;ame: where|fore we mu&s;t helpe very acute and &s;harpe di&s;ea&s;es on the very &s;elfe &s;ame day they begin vpon, enioyning a mo&s;t ex|qui&s;ite and &s;paring dyet withall, <HI>delay being here mo&s;t dan|gerous.</HI> If the di&s;ea&s;e goe on &s;lowly, the matter of the &s;ame not &s;welling, nor yet in very great abundance, but &s;till and quiet, then are wee to expect the concoction of the &s;ame. The time of the di&s;ea&s;e doth indicate that we ought not to attempt any euacuation at the beginning, but in the increa&s;e, when as the &s;ignes of concoction do manife&s;tly appeare. In the beginning of <HI>inflamations</HI> we are to ab&s;taine from &s;uch medicines as doe dige&s;t and di&s;cu&s;&s;e. In the increa&s;e, and when it is now come to a &s;tand and &s;tay, we are to v&s;e the &s;ame. So according to the minde of <HI>Galen</HI> the fit and con|uenient time is taken from the times of the di&s;ea&s;e, the vi|olence of the <HI>accidents,</HI> and from the <HI>concoctions.</HI> So like|wi&s;e the &s;icke parties proper and peculiar di&s;po&s;ition, as al&s;o the remedies which haue gone before or ought to fol|low, as al&s;o the preceding or following infirmities, do of|ten further or hinder the exhibiting of any more <HI>Phy&s;icke.</HI> And for this cau&s;e if the nature of the infirmity require <HI>Phlebotomy,</HI> and yet the &s;elfe &s;ame day the &s;icke haue taken a purging potion, we mu&s;t of nece&s;&s;ity deferre the remedy howbeit in it &s;elfe very nece&s;&s;ary. Now &s;uch things as doe commonly indicate, are the <HI>infirmities</HI> them&s;elues, together with the &s;tate and <HI>condition of the body.</HI> Such things againe as doe hinder, are &s;ometimes the <HI>di&s;order and vnruline&s;&s;e of the &s;icke, the frowardne&s;&s;e of the Phy&s;itian, the perturbations of the minde, as al&s;o the manners and di&s;po&s;ition of the &s;icke.</HI> The particular occa&s;ion hath in like manner the own pro|per and peculiar indications: but &s;uch as in regard they are conuer&s;ant about particulars, are rather to be learned by experience then by rea&s;on.</P>
<P>Now the&s;e &s;euen fore&s;aid <HI>&s;copes</HI> being common to other actions, we will yet adde two more, to wit, the <HI>eighth</HI> and <HI>ninth,</HI> concerning the <HI>place</HI> and <HI>order,</HI> the which are more peculiarly appropriated to this Profe&s;&s;ion. The eighth
<PB N="115" REF="81"> <HI>&s;cope</HI> teacheth vs to apply our remedies to the <HI>proper place.</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">The eight <HI>&s;cope</HI> The proper place.</NOTE> And therefore the <HI>great guts</HI> demand <HI>gli&s;ters,</HI> as fit reme|dies; the <HI>&s;mall guts, &s;ome purge taken at the mouth;</HI> the <HI>&s;to|macke</HI> or <HI>maw, a vomit, and &s;ometimes a purge; the backe-parts of the liuer, by &s;uch means as prouoke vrine,</HI> as hath been &s;aid already, and &s;o in many others, &amp;c.</P>
<P>But as in other the former <HI>&s;copes,</HI> &s;o in this al&s;o, &s;ome things do &s;ometimes occurre, which doe often hinder that wee cannot han&s;omely bring to pa&s;&s;e that which is by the indications &s;ugge&s;ted vnto vs. As for example, the mouth of the <HI>&s;tomacke</HI> being much perplexed by rea&s;on of hot di&s;temper, and demaunding &s;ome actually cooling reme|dy to bee applyed thereunto, the <HI>&s;cituation of the midriffe</HI> doth prohibite vs from applying any &s;uch outward reme|dy. The ninth <HI>&s;cope</HI> is the order.<NOTE PLACE="marg">The ninth <HI>&s;cope.</HI> The order.</NOTE> For when as in a di&s;ea&s;e there be diuers things to be done, it concerneth vs not a little to know what is to be done in the fir&s;t place, what in the &s;econd, and &s;o con&s;equently in order. Thus are we for|ced &s;ometimes in burning <HI>feuers,</HI> fir&s;t of all to coole the whole body, then next we remoue the ob&s;tructions. As al&s;o when the &s;trength of the body is almo&s;t quite wa&s;ted away, and the &s;pirits neere &s;pent, before we either &s;et vp|on the di&s;ea&s;e or the cau&s;e thereof, wee are con&s;trained to admini&s;ter &s;ome &s;uch comfortable nouri&s;hment and other meanes as may be&s;t nouri&s;h and comfort feeble &amp; di&s;tre&s;|&s;ed nature. In like manner we doe fir&s;t clen&s;e a di&s;tempe|red vlcer from the matter and corruption of it, before wee attempt to cure the di&s;temper of the &s;ame. And therefore I thinke this <HI>axiome</HI> worthy the remembring, which may al&s;o direct vs what to doe, to wit,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Vide Argent. lib. <HI>2.</HI> de offic. Medici. cap. <HI>18.</HI> Donat. <HI>1.</HI> part. de febr. Heurn. Meth. ad praxin. lib. <HI>3.</HI> &amp;c.</NOTE> <HI>that wee are to begin with that which mo&s;t pre&s;&s;eth and vrgeth vs,</HI> to wit, that fir&s;t of all we remoue the &s;ame, and in the next place that which &s;up|plyeth the place of the efficient cau&s;e: La&s;tly, wee are to come to &s;uch things, without the which the re&s;t cannot be accompli&s;hed. But of the&s;e things thou mai&s;t at great length &s;ee the learned volumes of diuers famous <HI>Phy&s;i|tians.</HI></P>
<PB N="116" REF="82">
<P>And now I hope it is apparant to the eyes of euery one, that &s;uch <HI>Phy&s;itians</HI> proue fooles who doe from the in&s;pe|ction of the <HI>vrine,</HI> affirme that they are able to finde out any one, much le&s;&s;e all the&s;e fore&s;aid <HI>&s;copes,</HI> which is as impo&s;&s;ible, as if they would containe all the water of the Sea in a few &s;poones. Whence it commeth to pa&s;&s;e that the&s;e <HI>water-prophets</HI> plunge them&s;elues in a world of er|rors, if omitting and pa&s;&s;ing by the&s;e <HI>&s;copes</HI> and indicati|ons vpon the bare &s;ight of the <HI>vrine</HI> they &s;hall happen to pre&s;cribe <HI>Phy&s;icke</HI> for their Patients: when as the&s;e for|mer indications do more then &s;ufficiently declare, that the pre&s;ence of the <HI>Phy&s;itian</HI> is al&s;o required to a&s;&s;i&s;t his Pati|ent. And &s;ome are not content ra&s;hly and boldly vpon the bare &s;ight of the <HI>vrine,</HI> (as is &s;aid) to pre&s;cribe their re|medies, but doe withall, publi&s;hing the &s;ame in their vul|gar tongue to the great damage of many, pro&s;titute the &s;ame to euery ones idle braine and fancie, to abu&s;e them at his plea&s;ure. But of this wee will now &s;peake at greater length in this next Chapter.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 N="6" TYPE="chapter">
<HEAD><HI>CHAP. VI.</HI> Again&s;t &s;uch as do pre&s;cribe and appoint remedies in their owne vulgar tongue, making the &s;ame common to euery one.</HEAD>
<P>_NOw as we haue hitherto &s;ufficiently con|uinced the errors of &s;uch as vpon the bare &s;ight of the <HI>&V;rines,</HI> without any other <HI>in|dications,</HI> doe pre&s;cribe their remedies to the &s;icke without any &s;ight of them: &s;o mu&s;t wee yet &s;ay &s;omthing of another error depending vpon the former. And this is the <HI>pre&s;cription of remedies in the vulgar tongue.</HI> And therefore the renowned <HI>Hippocrates</HI> leaueth vs this in&s;truction, that <HI>high and great my&s;teries are not to be communicated to the ignorant multitude, but onely to &s;uch as are initiate &amp; trained vp in the grounds &amp; principles of the &s;ame.</HI> And it doth manife&s;tly appeare, that if the my&s;te|ries
<PB N="117" REF="82"> and &s;ecrets of nature be laid open to wicked people, to Impo&s;tors and deceiuers, or yet to the vnlearned, they doe exceedingly abu&s;e the &s;ame. And therefore the fore&s;aid <HI>Hippocrates,</HI> vpon the admi&s;&s;ion of &s;uch as he found wor|thy to enter into this profe&s;&s;ion; tyed them to the oath of ob&s;eruing &s;uch precepts &amp; ordinances as are &s;et downe in that <HI>&s;cience,</HI> mo&s;t prouidently fore&s;eeing what great cala|mity and vnexpected mi&s;chiefe might befall men, if the &s;e|crets and my&s;teries of this Art were made common to knaues and ignorant people. But this cur&s;ed cu&s;tome is growne &s;o common, that the vulgar &s;ort of people &s;eeme to haue this noble Art of <HI>Phy&s;icke</HI> to &s;ell and di&s;po&s;e of at their plea&s;ures.<NOTE PLACE="marg">This di&s;order occa&s;ioned by the &s;ordid co|uetou&s;nes of the patient.</NOTE> Now this commeth to pa&s;&s;e in part by means of the &s;ordid and ba&s;e niggardline&s;&s;e of many, who either do obtaine through importunity or otherwi&s;e, the pre&s;cription of their remedies in the vulgar tongue, to the end they may againe if need &s;o require, v&s;e the &s;ame in the like ca&s;e, or yet communicate the &s;ame to their friends or acquaintance; and &s;ometimes al&s;o after the &s;eruing of their bill, get the &s;ame againe from the Apothecary to &s;erue for the &s;ame purpo&s;e, not con&s;idering with them&s;elues the manifold alterations and changes which may fall out in a &s;hort time, in&s;omuch that that which before proued to be a mo&s;t &s;oueraigne remedy for thy health, may now by rea|&s;on of &s;ome circum&s;tances, be the cau&s;e of thy vtter ouer|throw and ruine. And thus haue I &s;ometimes &s;eene the billes of a <HI>Phy&s;itian</HI> dead twelue yeares before, carried to the Apothecaries &s;hop to be made againe. And moreouer now of late I met with a bill wherein was &s;et downe the de&s;cription of a purging Potion, being communicated from hou&s;e to hou&s;e, and &s;o &s;ent to the Apothecaries &s;hop to be prepared, and was indifferently exhibited to euery one which demanded it, and that without any regard ei|ther of age, &s;exe, temperature of body, or &s;ea&s;on of the yeare, &amp;c. Againe in the next place,<NOTE PLACE="marg">As al&s;o by meanes of the Apothecary.</NOTE> this commeth al&s;o to pa&s;&s;e, by rea&s;on of the couetou&s;ne&s;&s;e and auarice of the A|pothecary, who is ready (ayming onely at his owne gaine
<PB N="118" REF="83"> and profit) at all times, and to all &s;orts of per&s;ons, to pre|pare and make ready &s;uch billes as are pre&s;cribed either in the <HI>Latine,</HI> or yet in the vulgar tongue: the which neuer|thele&s;&s;e ought not to be done, vnle&s;&s;e the <HI>Phy&s;itian</HI> out of his di&s;cretion, &s;hall thinke it fit for that indiuiduall party. This the <HI>Poet Sophocles</HI> wittily reprehended in the&s;e words</P>
<Q><L><NOTE PLACE="marg">Dulce lucrum etiam ex menda|cio. Sophocles. Lucri bonus o|dor ex re quali|bet. Iuuenalis.</NOTE>Profit and gaine thou ioye&s;t my heart,</L>
<L>Though thou from lyes proceeded art.</L></Q>
<P>And this was the &s;ong of that &s;ordid Emperour <HI>&V;e&s;pa&s;i|an, The &s;mell of gaine is alwayes good from whence &s;oeuer it doth come, &amp;c.</HI> Now howbeit at my fir&s;t comming out of <HI>Italy,</HI> finding this peruer&s;e cu&s;tome to haue crept in a|mong&s;t my Countreymen, and therefore at fir&s;t I al&s;o, howbeit again&s;t my will, gaue way for a &s;ea&s;on to this in|ueterate cu&s;tome; yet after a while well weighing with my &s;elfe the manifold abu&s;es and inconueniences of this &s;o per|uer&s;e a cu&s;tome, I began to &s;hake this burthen off my &s;houlders, refu&s;ing to write any billes at all either in the Latine or vulgar tongue.<NOTE PLACE="marg">A laudable cu|&s;tome of the <HI>Italian Phy&s;iti|ans,</HI> in writing all their billes in paper-books, kept by the A|pothecary.</NOTE> And therefore I gaue the Apo|thecary a paper-booke to keepe by him, in the which I wrote downe all my notes and receipts, as is the laudable cu&s;tome of the <HI>Italian Phy&s;itians:</HI> this booke I charged him to keepe, and to &s;uffer none to write out any receipt or note out of it; nor yet to prepare any of them without my knowledge and priuity.</P>
<P>But if any will yet obiect that this is for our owne pri|uate commodity, let him know that the hone&s;t, carefull, and con&s;cionable <HI>Phy&s;itian</HI> doth not &s;o gape after gaine as doe the multitude of the&s;e mercenary counterfeit <HI>Phy&s;itians,</HI> being &s;uch in name onely; but aboue all things aymeth chiefly at the health of his Patient, preferring it euen before his owne priuate gaine and commodity, rea|dy to redeeme their health, if it were with dammage and detriment to him&s;elfe. The which what other profe&s;&s;ion I pray thee will thus put in practice. And yet ought not the Patient to be &s;o mi&s;erable and ba&s;e-minded as to bee vnthankfull to his <HI>Phy&s;itian:</HI> howbeit when he hath been
<PB N="119" REF="83"> mo&s;t bountifull in this kind,<NOTE PLACE="marg">The Phy&s;itian can neuer bee &s;ufficiently re|compenced for his paines.</NOTE> yet is he neuer able to requite him for &s;o worthy a thing as is the health of the body: for what&s;oeuer is giuen in this kinde is nothing el&s;e but a &s;igne and token of a thankfull minde for &s;o great and ine|&s;timable a benefit receiued. And this may plainly appeare if wee &s;hall but con&s;ider the equall intercour&s;e and com|merce among&s;t men, on the which the whole &s;treame of <HI>Iu&s;tice</HI> and <HI>equity</HI> is founded; for then it will plainly ap|peare, that how&s;oeuer money and wealth may counter|poy&s;e and match things of their owne ranke and nature; yet will it neuer bee able (as being of a farre inferiour and ba&s;er ranke and degree) condignly to recompence or re|ward the &s;ame. And in this may the difference bee &s;eene betwixt this noble Profe&s;&s;ion and other inferiour mecha|nicall Arts, in the which it is apparant that the labourer may &s;ufficiently be recompenced for his bodily labour and paines, as <HI>equity, long cu&s;tome,</HI> or yet mutuall couenant &s;hall agree vpon. And put yet the c<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">&s;e that health doe not en|&s;ue (as it often plea&s;eth the Almighty otherwi&s;e to di&s;po&s;e) who can giue the <HI>Phy&s;itian</HI> a &s;ufficient competent recom|pence for all his toyle, labour and paines;<NOTE PLACE="marg">What&s;oeuer is be&s;towed vpon the <HI>Phy&s;itian</HI> for his paines, is but a token of the Patients thankfulne&s;&s;e, called properly <HI>honorarium</HI> not <HI>&s;alarium,</HI> as in the mechani|call Arts.</NOTE> but e&s;pecially for his anxiety of minde, his great &s;olicitude and care which hee day and night vndergoeth, for the mi&s;ery, calamity, and perplexed e&s;tate of his di&s;tre&s;&s;ed Patients? Can any man of vnder&s;tanding think that a &s;mall &s;umme of money can &s;ufficiently requite the &s;ame? No; if thou wert as rich as <HI>Crae&s;us</HI> all thy wealth were not &s;ufficient to recompence them condignly.</P>
<P>But to returne to our purpo&s;e againe, I hope that ho|ne&s;t and ingenuous <HI>Phy&s;itians</HI> will not follow this vulgar and corrupt cu&s;tome: but will not onely them&s;elues ab|&s;taine from divulgating abroad their billes or bookes in the vulgar tongue, as al&s;o from this prepo&s;terous and per|uer&s;e manner of <HI>in&s;pection of vrines</HI> in their owne Cham|bers; but will al&s;o as much as in them lyeth, labour to re|claime others from this error. And if yet they &s;hall per|haps not attaine to their intended end and purpo&s;e; yet
<PB N="120" REF="84"> &s;hall they in this poynt performe the part of hone&s;t and carefull <HI>Phy&s;itians.</HI> If any will yet further obiect, that if the <HI>vrine</HI> doe neither demon&s;trate and &s;hew forth the in|firmities nor yet the indications of the &s;ame, to what end and purpo&s;e haue you heretofore referred the in&s;pection thereof to &s;o nece&s;&s;ary and profitable a part of <HI>Phy&s;icke,</HI> as that which the <HI>Phy&s;itians</HI> call commonly <HI>&s;emeioticall,</HI> or handling the &s;ignes of di&s;ea&s;es? To this I an&s;wer, that none of our be&s;t <HI>Phy&s;itians</HI> doe deny the nece&s;&s;ary and lawfull v&s;e thereof; but yet after a farre other manner then mo&s;t men haue hitherto conceiued. My minde and pur|po&s;e therefore is not, nor euer was, to take away the right v&s;e, but to reforme the abu&s;e of the &s;ame, and taking away that which hath beene by it v&s;urped, and now for a long time vniu&s;tly detained, to make knowne to the world what of right and due belongeth to the &s;ame, as hath been at great length declared already. And thus I thinke it fit|ting that the <HI>Phy&s;itian</HI> bee pre&s;ent with his Patient there, not onely to view his <HI>vrine,</HI> but al&s;o narrowly to con&s;ider of all other &s;uch &s;ignes as do offer them&s;elues to his view. For if wee thinke the pre&s;ence of the <HI>Surgeon</HI> nece&s;&s;ary for the curing of any outward wound receiued in the body, if hee will cure the &s;ame according to Art as he ought: much more is it requi&s;ite that the <HI>Phy&s;itian</HI> be pre&s;ent with his Patient, being &s;icke of any internall di&s;ea&s;e, to the end that both hee may con&s;ider of all &s;uch things as we haue heretofore &s;poken of, as al&s;o that hee may ob&s;erue and marke all &s;uch things as may further or yet hin|der the cure of the &s;ame, as hath beene already at great length declared and &s;et downe. Now it may perhaps be replyed, this is not a thing like to be reformed, &s;ince it is not vnlikely that the greate&s;t part will &s;till retaine their old inueterate cu&s;tome, and will not free them&s;elues from impo&s;ture and cozenage. To them I an&s;were, that I be|leeue this to be true, all men are not of one minde, neither yet can wee alone amend all errors which are crept into this noble profe&s;&s;ion; diuers others hauing before our
<PB N="121" REF="84"> times (although not with the expected i&s;&s;ue) attempted the like. In the meane time this &s;hall giue the world a &s;ufficient te&s;timony of our diligence and care, in that wee haue here oppo&s;ed our &s;elues again&s;t &s;ome &s;uch errors, as haue &s;omewhat darkened the bright &s;plendour of this Profe&s;&s;ion, and for the benefit of the &s;icke, laboured and indeuoured to remoue out of the &s;ociety of the be&s;t appro|ued <HI>Phy&s;itians,</HI> this vaine babbling and coniecturing by the <HI>&V;rine:</HI> and &s;ome I hope there will be not onely ready to approue and think well of the&s;e our endeuours, but will al&s;o tran&s;late the &s;ame in their vulgar tongues, to the end that the mo&s;t &s;imple and ignorant may by this meanes, if they will, free them&s;elues from the impo&s;ture and coze|nage of the&s;e deceiuing <HI>Water-mongers.</HI> For this cau&s;e al&s;o are we to pray to the great and mighty God of heauen, that he would touch the ignorant con&s;ciences of the&s;e <HI>Sy|cophants, iuggling and cozening Empirickes, woman-Phy&s;itians,</HI> and all the re&s;t of that rabble, that yet at length they may repent them of their cozenages and impo&s;tures. I doe in like manner mo&s;t earne&s;tly intreat and reque&s;t all learned <HI>Phy&s;itians</HI> that they would ioyne with mee and others of my minde in the&s;e our &s;o hone&s;t endeauours; and wee a|gaine will not be wanting on our parts: and further if at any time by meanes of the importunity of &s;ome wee &s;hall bee forced to giue way to this in&s;pection of <HI>vrine</HI> in our owne Chambers, we &s;hall neuerthele&s;&s;e giue warning to euery one who &s;hall thus come to aske coun&s;ell at our hands, that it were a great deale better that we were con|ducted to the place where the &s;icke party lyeth, that &s;o both more ea&s;ily and more &s;afely we might doe our be&s;t for the re&s;toring of him againe to his former health. But if on the other &s;ide they will not hearken to this our whol|&s;ome admonition, the fault &s;hall lye vpon them&s;elues.</P>
<P>Now at length to draw this our Di&s;cour&s;e to an end, I hope it doth plainly appeare, that the generall conclu&s;ion whereabout we haue &s;o much be&s;tirred our &s;elues in this whole Di&s;cour&s;e, as being the maine &s;ubiect thereof, to
<PB N="122" REF="85"> wit, <HI>that the iudgement of the nature and e&s;&s;ence of di&s;ea&s;es by the &s;ole in&s;pection of the Vrine, is very full of danger and deceit,</HI> is plainely and con&s;picuou&s;ly laid open to the view of euery one that will not &s;hut vp his eyes that hee may not behold manife&s;t truth. And certainly the very loue we ought to beare vnto our neighbours might bee a &s;ufficient motiue to induce vs to lay open to the view of the world all &s;uch errors whereby our neighbour might be any wayes indangered or indammaged, to the end hee may auoid and &s;hun the &s;ame.</P>
<P>Now GOD of his great goodne&s;&s;e grant that this la|bour and paines which I haue &s;o willingly vnderta|ken for this end and purpo&s;e bee not fru&s;trate of the due effect.</P>
</DIV2>
<TRAILER>FINIS.</TRAILER>
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<TEXT LANG="eng">
<FRONT>
<DIV1 TYPE="title page">
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<PB REF="86" MS="y">
<P>THE ANATOMIE OF VRINES. CONTAINING THE CONVIC|tion and condemnation of them. <HI>Or, the &s;econd Part of our di&s;cour&s;e of vrines.</HI> Detecting and vnfolding the manifold fal&s;hoods and abu&s;es committed by the vulgar &s;ort of Practitioners, in the iudgement of di&s;ea&s;es by the vrines onely: to|gether with a narrow &s;uruey of their &s;ub&s;tance, chiefe colours, and manifold contents, ioy|ning withall the right v&s;e of vrines. <HI>Wherein is contained plentie of profitable and delectable Hi&s;tories concerning this &s;ubiect.</HI> Collected, as well out of the ancient Greeke, Latine, and Ara|bian Authors, as out of our late famous Phy&s;itians of &s;euerall Nations: their authorities quoted and tran&s;lated out of the originall tongues, together with &s;ome of the Authors owne ob&s;eruations. <HI>By</HI> IAMES HART <HI>of</HI> NORTHAMPTON. <HI>Neuer heretofore publi&s;hed.</HI></P>
<P><HI>LONDON,</HI> Printed by <HI>Richard Field</HI> for <HI>Robert Mylbourne,</HI> and are to be &s;old at his &s;hop at the South doore of Pauls. 1625.</P>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 TYPE="dedication">
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<HEAD>TO THE HIGH AND MIGHTIE PRINCE, CHARLES <HI>PRINCE OF WALES.</HI></HEAD>
<P>_SO manifold are the mi&s;eries (high and mightie Prince) incident to mortall man, that it may &s;eeme not ill &s;aid of<NOTE N="a" PLACE="marg">Cicero in Calce lib. <HI>1.</HI> Tu&s;c. quae&s;t.</NOTE> <HI>Silenus,</HI> who being taken pri&s;oner by king <HI>Midas,</HI> for his ran|&s;ome taught the king, that it was be&s;t for a man not to be borne; and being once borne, to dye &s;peedily. And in like &s;ort, that the<NOTE N="b" PLACE="marg">Lang. epi&s;t. me|dicin. lib. <HI>2.</HI> epi&s;t. <HI>2.</HI> ex Herodoto &amp; Lactantio.</NOTE> Thracians had &s;ome rea&s;on to mourne and lament at the birth; but on the contrarie, to fea&s;t and reioyce at the funerals of their friends. The ma|nifold infirmities following him from his birth to his buriall, &s;eeme to pleade for this opinion. And therefore no le&s;&s;e wittily and wi&s;ely then truly was it pronounced by the heathen Poet:<NOTE N="c" PLACE="marg">Viuere quid e&s;t ni&s;i val<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">re v<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ta. Martial.</NOTE> <HI>To liue, I call to leade a life free from infirmities.</HI> And this was the cau&s;e why the<NOTE N="d" PLACE="marg">De his vide Po|l<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">d. Virg. de in|uent. rerum lib. <HI>1.</HI> cap <HI>20</HI> ex Pl<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">n. &amp; <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">lijs.</NOTE> ancients a&s;|cribed the inuention of Phy&s;icke to no meaner author then their gods, as they called the~. The<NOTE N="e" PLACE="marg">Hippocr. in epi&s;t.</NOTE> Grecians gaue the famous <HI>Hippocrates</HI> &s;uch honours as were due vnto their &s;uppo&s;ed deities, erecting him a &s;tately &s;tatue next vnto <HI>Hercules.</HI> The<NOTE N="f" PLACE="marg">Plin. lib. <HI>29.</HI> cap. <HI>1.</HI></NOTE> Romanes for recouering their Em|perour <HI>Augu&s;tus</HI> out of a dangerous di&s;ea&s;e, celebrated the memoriall of his Phy&s;itian <HI>Antonius Mu&s;a,</HI> in ere|cting for his perpetuall prai&s;e a &s;tatue of bra&s;&s;e next vn|to
<PB REF="88"> <HI>Ae&s;culapius,</HI> be&s;ides the libertie this Emperour allow|ed him in his life time to weare a ring of gold; whereby he promoted him to the order of Nobilitie. <HI>Critobolus</HI> was likewi&s;e highly honored for curing king <HI>Philips</HI> eye without any deformitie. King <HI>Ptolomee</HI> for curing of his &s;onne <HI>Antiochus,</HI> be&s;towed on his Phy&s;itian <HI>Era&s;i&s;tratus</HI> a thou&s;and talents of &s;iluer.<NOTE PLACE="marg">De magnifico Pand<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">lfo Mala|te&s;ta Brixiae, Bergami atque Fani domino, hec Iohannes Mi|chael Sauona|rola in pr<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">oemio ad lib. de balneis.</NOTE> And a learned late writer maketh mention of an Italian Noble man, who hauing at a certaine time inuited &s;ome Marqui&s;es and great Lords to dinner, and hauing di&s;po&s;ed of euery one of his gue&s;ts according to his greatne&s;&s;e, and a &s;umptuous chaire yet &s;tanding emptie at the vpper end of the table, his gue&s;ts gue&s;&s;ing it was re&s;erued for him&s;elfe; he &s;ud|denly taking his Phy&s;itian <HI>Iacobus Rheginus</HI> by the hand (to the great amazement of the&s;e Nobles) placed him in this &s;umptuous &s;eate; adding likewi&s;e the&s;e words: <HI>Sit thou here, the meanes and in&s;trument of my health, whom thus all Princes ought to re&s;pect and honour.</HI> The&s;e few in|&s;tances among many (mighty Prince) I haue of &s;et pur|po&s;e &s;et downe, to the end it may the more plainly ap|peare, how highly both this Art &amp; the profe&s;&s;ors of the &s;ame haue bene in former times honoured; and how much it is, by meanes of ignorant and vn&s;ufficient pra|cti&s;ers now adayes deba&s;ed. The which as it is by diuers meanes occa&s;ioned, &s;o is this impo&s;torious coniecturing by vrines (I meane as mo&s;t do v&s;e it) none of the lea&s;t. In the former di&s;cour&s;e I aduanced the auantguard of my forces again&s;t this v&s;urper on another mans right: and in this I now &s;et forward the whole forces of the maine battell, not onely to batter, but to beate downe, if it be po&s;&s;ible, this &s;o enormous abu&s;e. And as the former, &s;o was this la&s;t birth, in the very fir&s;t conception, con&s;e|crated to your Highne&s;&s;e. As therefore it plea&s;ed your
<PB REF="88"> Highne&s;&s;e with your Princely protection to grace my former labours, and kindly to accept of the &s;ame; &s;o do I now mo&s;t humbly intreate you, with a gracious a&s;pect to countenance the&s;e my latter paines. The gift, I grant, is farre inferiour to your greatne&s;&s;e; but the &s;aying of <HI>Plinie</HI> doth &s;omewhat comfort me, affirming that<NOTE N="a" PLACE="marg">Lacte dijs multae gentes &s;upplicant &amp; mola fal&s;a li|tant. Plin. prooem lib. <HI>1.</HI> natur. hi|&s;tor.</NOTE> &s;ome nations vnfurni&s;hed of frankincen&s;e, offer vp milke and cakes made of meale and &s;alt to their gods. <HI>And the &s;ame deities</HI> (&s;aith the Poet) <HI>are pacified with the poore farmers turfe and corne.</HI><NOTE N="b" PLACE="marg">Saepe deis hos in|ter honores, ce&s;pes &amp; exigui placue|runt &s;acra colo|ni. Stat. &s;yluar. lib. <HI>1.</HI></NOTE> And it hath bene a grace for greatne&s;&s;e, to accept of &s;mall gifts at meane mens hands, and thought no vnbe&s;eeming thing for great Princes to fauour learning and the louers of the &s;ame. But fearing to offend your Princely eares with prolixitie, the weight of matters now in hand requiring greater breuitie, I will here &s;urcea&s;&s;e, be&s;eeching the mighty God of <HI>Iacob,</HI> who hath deliuered you from the dangers of the deepe, and manifold perils by land, and brought you &s;afe home to Engli&s;h &s;oile, to the great comfort and content of all true hearted Briti&s;h (not Babiloni&s;h) &s;ubiects, heape and multiply vpon your Highne&s;&s;e his mercies and blc&s;&s;ings, both externall, internall, and eternall. Amen.</P>
<CLOSER><SIGNED>Your Highne&s;&s;e in most humble ob&s;eruance, <HI>IAMES HART.</HI></SIGNED></CLOSER>
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<DIV1 TYPE="to the reader">
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<HEAD>To the kind and courteous Reader.</HEAD>
<P>_IT is not vnknowne to thee, kind Rea|der, that the la&s;t yeare I publi&s;hed in our Engli&s;h t ngue a<NOTE N="*" PLACE="marg">Called the arraignement of vrines.</NOTE> di&s;cour&s;e con|cerning this &s;ame &s;ubiect of Vrines; wherin were contained the manifold abu&s;es committed by diuer&s;e &s;orts of per&s;ons, builded only vpon this rotten foundation of in&s;pection of Vrines, as is ordinarily v&s;ed, there at great length pro&s;ecuted, with the originall of this error, and many in&s;tances of &s;uch errors there at length related, the vn&s;ufficiencie of this &s;igne alone &s;et forth, and prouing the nece&s;sitie of the Phy&s;itians pre&s;ence with his patient, if it be po&s;sible. Afterwards al&s;o were &s;et downe diuer&s;e &s;copes and indications requi&s;ite for the cure of the di&s;ea&s;e, pre&s;cription of remedies vpon the bare in&s;pe|ction of the vrine onely, reproued, together with diuers other things there at great length to be &s;eene. In the Prefaee there|of I engaged my &s;elfe for t<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">e publication of a &s;econd part con|cerning this &s;ame &s;ubiect, after a more particular manner. And of this I purpo&s;ed to haue made thee partaker about a twelue moneth ago, according as the catalogue then made mention, but that &s;ome rubs haue vntill now robbed me of the effecting my purpo&s;e.</P>
<P><NOTE PLACE="marg">Summe and &s;ub&s;tance of this whole di&s;cour&s;e</NOTE>In this therefore I enter into a narrow &s;uruey of all the &s;euerall parts of vrine, which for this cau&s;e I call the <HI>Ana|tomie of vrines.</HI> Now whereas for breuitie I haue pa&s;&s;ed by the &s;euerall &s;ignifications, and vncertaintie of &s;ome colours
<PB REF="89"> of vrines, to wit, &s;uch as do decline from any one extreame, what concerneth the &s;ame, may ea&s;ily, by that which hath bene &s;aid of the &s;ame extreame, be vnder&s;tood. Now if any &s;hall enquire what is the cau&s;e I &s;pend &s;o much time about this &s;ubiect: I an&s;wer, it is by rea&s;on of the old inueterate o|pinion, or rather errour, which mo&s;t people haue conceiued concerning this &s;trumpet; whom for this cau&s;e I haue here vnmasked, and layed open to the view of euery one that will not &s;hut his eyes in the cleare Sunne-&s;hine; and that to the end that none may be circumuented by the fraud and coze|nage of &s;uch as abu&s;e her for their owne benefit. But le&s;t any &s;hould imagine the&s;e things to be but fancies fetcht from mine owne braine, therefore not contented to &s;et down mine owne po&s;itiue opinion, I haue both backt, fortified and flan|ked it with the bulwarks of the best writers of ancient and later times, who&s;e owne words I haue truly tran&s;lated, di|recting thee likewi&s;e, learned Reader, to the marginall quo|tations, where for thy recreation and better &s;atisfaction, not the names of the authors onely, and the particular places, but the very words of the originall are often &s;et downe, that &s;o it may more euidently appeare, that this latter iurie finds her guiltie, as the former great enque&s;t after the inditement found <HI>Billa vera.</HI> The condemnation mu&s;t then of nece&s;sitie follow, &s;ince the parties offending hauing had the&s;e three la&s;t a&s;sizes allowed them to pleade for them&s;elues, haue &s;aid no|thing. This &s;entence I referre to this<NOTE N="*" PLACE="marg">The hono|rable Court of Parliament.</NOTE> &s;age a&s;&s;embly, who, as I hope, will take this publicke bu&s;ine&s;&s;e, as a matter of no &s;mall moment, into their &s;erious con&s;iderations. But me thinkes I heare &s;ome &s;ay, what is then the v&s;e of vrines in di&s;cerning of di&s;ea&s;es? or &s;erueth it for no v&s;e at all? I an&s;wer, that &s;o farre am I from abrogating this &s;o ancient and nece&s;&s;arie a &s;igne, receiued by all our ancient and late writers, which I do highly e&s;teeme, and account of the &s;ame being rightly
<PB REF="90"> v&s;ed, howbeit as it is commonly v&s;ed, it is mo&s;t &s;hamefully a|bu&s;ed.</P>
<P>The right v&s;e of vrine<NOTE PLACE="marg">The right v&s;e of vrines.</NOTE> then is, together with all the re&s;t of the &s;ignes and &s;euerall circum&s;tances of the di&s;ea&s;e (in &s;uch di&s;ea&s;es I meane where it is of any force or validitie, in &s;ome di&s;ea&s;es being of no v&s;e at all) to giue vs notice of the nature, together with the changes and alterations, as like|wi&s;e what is like to be the i&s;&s;ue of the &s;ame. The Phy&s;itian is therefore fir&s;t to enquire diligently into the nature of the di&s;|ea&s;e, together with all the other &s;ignes and circum&s;tances thereof: and then, comparing all together, to giue forth his be&s;t and mo&s;t a&s;&s;ured iudgement. Mo&s;t fooli&s;h therefore and ab&s;urd is the &s;otti&s;h cu&s;tome of the countrey people<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fooli&s;h cu&s;tom of the countrey people.</NOTE> now a dayes, bringing the vrine to the Phy&s;itian, it may be in &s;ome old oylie or inkie bottle, and then to demand of him as of &s;ome <HI>Delphian oracle,</HI> the whole nature of the di&s;ea&s;e, the pati|ents age, and diuer&s;e other things wherewith they ought to acquaint vs, as al&s;o with all the other &s;ignes and circum&s;tan|ces of the di&s;ea&s;e: euen as the client is to lay open his cau&s;e to the Lawyer, how learned &s;oeuer, and skilfull in his profe&s;|&s;ion. It is yet not vnworthie the ob&s;eruation, that one and the &s;ame vrine hath often diuers and &s;euerall &s;ignifications, and therefore vnle&s;&s;e by diuer&s;e other &s;ignes and circum&s;tances limited, can neuer affoord vs any certaintie, as hereafter both in the colours and contents the en&s;uing di&s;cour&s;e &s;hall make manife&s;t. And thus may the right v&s;e to the wi&s;e and vnder&s;tanding ea&s;ily appeare; e&s;pecially to &s;uch as haue bene or yet &s;hall hereafter be admitted vnto &s;uch my&s;teries. And therefore ignorant Empiricks, women, and many other &s;uch, haue no &s;hare or intere&s;t in the&s;e affaires, as not being able to diue into the depth of the premi&s;&s;es. And as for cleargie men, they cannot be ignorant, that they ought to be employed about bu&s;ine&s;&s;es of an higher nature. And if they will haue a care
<PB REF="90"> of the &s;oules entru&s;ted to them, they need not trouble them|&s;elues with their bodies. Now that one &s;igne, in &s;ome di&s;ea|&s;es onely to be ob&s;erued to be of any v&s;e, &s;hould with a Papall prerogatiue a&s;&s;ume all authoritie vnto it &s;elfe, is both again&s;t common &s;en&s;e, daily experience,<NOTE PLACE="marg">The pul&s;e in many di&s;ea&s;es to be preferred be|fore the vrine.</NOTE> and the authorities of the learned. The pul&s;e will pleade for a preheminence aboue the vrine: and to iudge of this, as of a number of other &s;ignes, it will of nece&s;sitie require the Phy&s;itians pre&s;ence. Now that the vrines in many di&s;ea&s;es, and tho&s;e of vndoubted danger, do often &s;hew thee no more then the ground thou go|e&s;t on; and that many other &s;ignes be&s;ides are of nece&s;sitie to be ob&s;erued, hath bene at great length related in the former tractate, and &s;hall yet more plainly and particularly in this which followeth appeare. And for thy more particular infor|mation, I haue &s;et downe the &s;euerall &s;ignifications of vrines, and that according to the opinions of &s;uch Authors as haue written of them; together with &s;ome particulars which haue neuer yet bene publi&s;hed by any Engli&s;h writer that I haue as yet &s;eene, as by the contents of the bookes and chapters may appeare. Some things al&s;o which haue bene by others written and auouched for vncontrolled truths, I haue confuted as fal&s;e and erronious: and that, as I thinkt, by vnan&s;werable arguments, illu&s;trating the &s;ame with varietie of ancient and recent authorities, together with plentie of pertinent examples, being true hi&s;toricall relations, ob&s;erued both by my &s;elfe and other Authors: the which how&s;oeuer they do not &s;imply proue; yet do they not a little illustrate the matter in hand, and make it more per&s;picuous to the meaner &s;ort. Now whereas I &s;ometimes in&s;ert &s;omething of the ignorance and vn&s;ufficiencie of &s;ome offenders, &s;ome may, perhaps, reply, that it may &s;ometimes befall a good Phy&s;itian to faile as well as any of them. I confe&s;&s;e Indeed, <HI>Bernardus non videt om|nia: He is a good hor&s;e that neuer &s;tumbled.</HI> Neuer to
<PB REF="91"> faile is a priuiledge denyed to any of the of&s;pring of &s;infull Adam:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Quandoque bo|nus dormitat Ho|merus. Horat.</NOTE> howbeit the learned Phy&s;itian building vpon rea|&s;on and experience, keepeth alwayes an orderly and metho|dicall cour&s;e in all his proceedings: and if he may &s;ometimes erre (as being a man and not a God) how much more then an ignorant Empiricke, a &s;hee-Phy&s;itian (&s;uch a one as now li|ueth in Northampton&s;hire, and in whom I wonder that any that hath any braines in his head can &s;ee any &s;ufficiencie) that I &s;ay nothing of a medling Mini&s;ter that neuer was trained vp in that profe&s;&s;ion; &s;hall they I &s;ay be obnoxious to error in &s;o intricate an Art, wherein they haue no intere&s;t, as being meere v&s;urpers vpon other mens right? Be&s;ides, the vulgar not being able to iudge of the &s;ufficiencie of the lear|ned Phy&s;itian, preferreth often the paines of &s;ome ignorant Empiricke, (&s;oothed vp it may be by the &s;ucce&s;&s;e of &s;ome ca|&s;uall cure) before the labors of the mo&s;t learned &amp; hone&s;t ar|ti&s;t. But my meaning is here of an ordinary erronious cour&s;e of practi&s;ing, eue~ again&s;t the rules of art, &amp; the very grounds &amp; principles of this phy&s;icall profe&s;sion. Of &s;uch errors I could haue &s;et downe a multitude, be&s;ides tho&s;e few which I had by relation, either from the patients them&s;elues, or el&s;e from &s;ome of their mo&s;t familiar friends and acquaintances, who haue prote&s;ted, that they will be readie to iu&s;tifie the &s;ame vp|pon their oathes.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Ca&s;uall cures &s;ometimes &s;uc|ceeding, do not proue a &s;uffici|encie in the par|ties thus practi|&s;ing.</NOTE> Neither yet let this &s;uffice, that &s;ome of their proctors pleade for them a number of happy and &s;ucce&s;&s;efull euents; &s;ince that thus we may often magnifie the mo&s;t vile wizard, and mo&s;t ignorant old wife in the countrey: this ar|gument taken from i&s;&s;ue and euent being a meere Paralo|gi&s;me, a fallacie and deceit, taking that often for a true cau&s;e which is no cau&s;e indeed, as in the conclu&s;ion of this di&s;cour&s;e &s;hall more plainly appeare. And in this I appeale to the learned and hone&s;t Arti&s;t, not to &s;uch a per&s;ons para&s;ite, who taketh for good and current coyne what &s;oeuer commeth
<PB REF="91"> out of his mint, nor yet their otherwi&s;e honest, yet in this point, too partiall patients, in this particular blinded with the mi&s;t of ignorance, or a preiudicate opinion of &s;uch mens &s;uppo&s;ed &s;ufficiencie, they them&s;elues not being able herein to di&s;cerne betwixt right and wrong.</P>
<P>Now that this hath bene no<NOTE N="a" PLACE="marg">An v&s;ual &amp; or|dinarie cu&s;tome to browbeat &amp; ouerthrow er|rors and impo|&s;ture, and to pleade for truth.</NOTE> vnu&s;uall cu&s;tome to brow|beat and ouerthow errors, euen in this profe&s;sion, and for the maintaining of truth to pleade again&s;t impo&s;ture, might ea|&s;ily, as well by ancient as later authorities, be euinced, which would be too tedious here to relate. But amongst many, one late writer I cannot pa&s;&s;e by (the learned <HI>Libauius</HI> I meane) who hath wre&s;tled with many &s;uch mon&s;ters; as namely <HI>Mi|chelius, Hartmannus, Scheunemannus,</HI> the impudent Prie&s;t <HI>Gramauus,</HI> and that famous, I meane infamous im|postor <HI>Ambaldus,</HI> author of that counterfeit<NOTE N="b" PLACE="marg">This Panacae a was a certaine medicine made of &s;affron, quick &s;iluer, vermili|on, antimonie, and certaine &s;ea+&s;hels made vp in fa&s;hion of trian|gular lozenges, &s;tamped and &s;ealed with cer|taine &s;trange characters, and &s;old at a very deare rate, the very name im|porting as much as a medicine a|gain&s;t all di&s;ea|&s;es; and was in as great, or greater e&s;teeme among the Germanes, as euer Aurum potabile once here among&s;t our &s;elues. <HI>Liban. contrae Ambald &amp; de|fen&s;. &s;yntagm. a<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">can. chym. con|tra H<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">nuingum Scheunem.</HI></NOTE> Panacea, like our <HI>Aurum potabile,</HI> &s;uppo&s;ed good again&s;t mo&s;t, if not all infirmities; who notwithstanding, for his ignorance not be|ing able to vndergo the triall and examination of the Phy&s;i|tians of the Citie of Ausburg, was mo&s;t iu&s;tly by the Magi|&s;tate bani&s;hed the &s;ame, and &s;o his fame after a while turned to fume or &s;moke. And haue we not of late dayes had here at home<NOTE N="c" PLACE="marg">D. Gwin. &amp; D. Raleigh <HI>again&s;t</HI> aurum potabile, D. Cotta <HI>again&s;t this and diuers ignorant erronious practi&s;ers.</HI></NOTE> &s;ome maintainers of truth and oppo&s;ers of impo|&s;ture, &s;ome liuing euen at this day? And again&s;t this &s;ame abu&s;e in particular, be&s;ides <HI>Fore&s;t, Euritius Cordus</HI> pub|li&s;hed in Latine a learned booke: &s;o did likewi&s;e <HI>Guilielmus Adolphus Scribonius,</HI> the learned <HI>Langius</HI> in &s;ome of his Epi&s;tles, and many others al&s;o, as hereafter &s;hall appeare. But I am not ignorant, that who&s;oeuer will publi&s;h any thing in this la&s;t and learned age, cannot chu&s;e but vndergo the cen|&s;ure of many iudges, as witne&s;&s;eth the worthie<NOTE N="d" PLACE="marg">Hieron epi&s;t. <HI>132.</HI> partis tertia referente Langio.</NOTE> <HI>Ierome.</HI> Some will perhaps &s;ay the &s;tile is too meane and plaine: and others, if there were any elegancie in it, would cry out, he
<PB REF="92"> playes the Orator (perhaps odious in handling vrines) not the Phy&s;itian. And &s;ome preoccupied with a partiall and pre|iudicate opinion, like the di&s;ea&s;ed of &s;ome cholericke feauer, to who~ the &s;weete&s;t things &s;eeme bitter: &s;o what&s;oeuer fruite groweth in &s;ome mens gardens, be it neuer &s;o good, will giue no content to &s;ome mens ouer curious &amp; nice reli&s;hes: &s;o hard a thing is it to practi&s;e this one point, <HI>Omnibus placeto.</HI></P>
<P>How&s;oeuer, kinde Reader, if thou come with a de&s;ire to &s;ubmit thy &s;elfe to the rules of rea&s;on, to haue thy iudgement rectified if erronious, and with an earne&s;t de&s;ire to be fully informed of the truth, let not my labour be lost, but peru&s;e, I pray thee, this tractate, wherein thou maye&s;t perhaps finde &s;omething for thy &s;atisfaction. And how&s;oeuer, perhaps, the cookerie may not giue thee full content, yet remember the matter is but meane, in the which I haue had a greater re|gard to the matter it &s;elfe, then to the curious manner of de|liuering the &s;ame; and a greater care to &s;atisfie the &s;imple&s;t vnder&s;tandings (for who&s;e cau&s;e I haue principally pub|li&s;hed the&s;e my paines) then with the ornaments of an Ora|tor to plea&s;e the eares of the mo&s;t learned. <HI>Optimum condi|mentum fames: A good appetite needeth no &s;auce.</HI> The Germanes in diuer&s;e places of Saxony, in &s;tead of currants bake their cakes with blacke Poppy &s;eeds: and in &s;tead of &s;tewed broth boyle wilde or hor&s;e radi&s;hes with their beefe. The French findeth a good relli&s;h in his &s;oure &s;auces: and a Spaniard maketh often as great account of a Lemmon, as an Engli&s;h man of a peece of powdered beefe. What&s;oeuer it is, and how&s;oeuer liked, yet my principall purpo&s;e was and is to profit the publicke. If I &s;hould pleade a priuiledge from back|biters, and immunitie from malignant tongues, I &s;hould &s;ue for that which hath bene denyed the greate&s;t and worthie&s;t per&s;onages of ancient and later times. And &s;ome varlets haue bene found, who would rather fire the famous temple of
<PB REF="92"> Diana, then not mini&s;ter matter to talke of them. And as for my &s;elfe, I deny not but I &s;hall find &s;ome of the offenders here mentioned, who will &s;narle and grumble at my &s;o plaine and vnpartiall reprouing of their faults. Some, who &s;hould haue &s;hewed better example, con&s;cious to them&s;elues of their owne guiltine&s;&s;e, haue broken the ice already, &amp; as I am informed, haue much repined at the Preface of my former tractate.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Iohn 18.23.</NOTE> * <HI>If I haue &s;poken euill beare witne&s;&s;e of the euill: but if well, why &s;mite&s;t thou me?</HI> If they can iustifie their actions, let them publi&s;h their apologie, and let the Reader iudge. But if they can do nothing el&s;e but maligne other mens labours, and them&s;elues loyter, I wi&s;h them to be filent.</P>
<Q><LG>
<L>Carpere vel noli no&s;tra vel ede tua.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Martial.</NOTE></L>
</LG>
<LG>
<L>Bring forth thy birth, or barke not thus at mine.</L>
</LG></Q>
<P>But all they can &s;ay, moueth me no more then the barking of a dog, or the yelping of a foxe, as knowing that,</P>
<Q><LG>
<L>Ob&s;equium amicos, veritas odium parit.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Terent.</NOTE></L>
</LG>
<LG>
<L>Flatterie gets friends, but truth oft enuie finds.</L>
</LG></Q>
<P>It is for thy &s;ake therefore, kind and vnpartiall reader, who ha&s;t learned to value vertue at her highe&s;t worth, that I haue vndertaken this taske: which I acknowledge to be &s;o far fro~ perfection, that I confe&s;&s;e I haue but with a rude pencill pour|trayed out the lineaments of this picture, giuing hereby fit op|portunity to &s;ome cunning <HI>Apelles</HI> to perfect the &s;ame here|after. <HI>Homo &s;um, humani &agrave; me nihil alienu~ puto:</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Terent.</NOTE> A man I am, and as all the &s;onnes of <HI>Adam,</HI> &s;ubiect to error. <HI>But let the righteous reproue me,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">P&s;al. 141.5.</NOTE> <HI>it &s;hall be as a precious oint|ment, and &s;hall not hurt my head.</HI> So intreating thy pati|ence to take the&s;e my paines in good part, not to be too &s;harpe and cen&s;orious, nor yet too open eared to hearken to enuious inuectiue &s;peeches of any who&s;e &s;ores are here lanced, and to keepe one eare open for thy friends iu&s;t apologie, I re&s;t,</P>
<CLOSER><SIGNED>Thy euer vnfained, well-wi&s;hing friend, a fauourer of the publicke good, and a profe&s;t enemie to all fraud and impo&s;ture, IAMES HART.</SIGNED></CLOSER>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 TYPE="table of contents">
<PB REF="93">
<HEAD>THE CONTENTS OF THE Chapters contained in this whole Tractate.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<HEAD>IN THE FIRST BOOKE.</HEAD>
<ITEM>CHAP. 1. THe Introduction, where &s;ome thing of the antiquitie, ex|cellencie, and eminencie of Phy&s;icke, and of the lawle&s;&s;e intru&s;ion of &s;ome ignorant per&s;ons vpon the profe&s;&s;ion of Phy|&s;icke, with the ab&s;urditie of the &s;ame.</ITEM>
<ITEM>CHAP. 2. Of the vncertaine iudgement affoorded vs by vrines in generall, together with their limitation to certaine di&s;ea&s;es, &amp; that out of a manie learned and approoued Authors.</ITEM>
<ITEM>CHAP. 3. That euen in di&s;ea&s;es of the Liuer and within the veines, the vrine doth often deceiue the mo&s;t skilfull Phy&s;itian.</ITEM>
<ITEM>CHAP. 4. That by the vrine onely it cannot ab&s;olutely be knowne whether a woman be with child or no, contrary to the vulgar opinion.</ITEM>
<ITEM>CHAP. 5. That the &s;exe cannot be di&s;cerned by the vrine.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>IN THE SECOND BOOKE.</HEAD>
<ITEM>CHAP. 1. THat the regions of the vrine are not an&s;werable to the re|gions of the body of man, as al&s;o concerning the &s;ub|&s;tance of vrines thicke and thin; their manifold &s;ignifications, and vncertaintie of iudgement by the &s;ame.</ITEM>
<ITEM>CHAP. 2. Of the accidents of vrine, the quantitie, &s;mell, &amp;c. And that no certaine and a&s;&s;ured truth can by them be pre&s;a|ged or knowne.</ITEM>
<ITEM>CHAP. 3. Of the colours of vrines, how deceitfull they
<PB REF="93"> prooue, and fir&s;t of the colour commonly called palew, &amp; light &s;affron.</ITEM>
<ITEM>CHAP. 4. Of red vrines; how ea&s;ily one may thereby be deceiued: of pi&s;&s;ing of bloud.</ITEM>
<ITEM>CHAP. 5. Of blacke vrines, and that they are not alwayes &s;o dangerous as they are deemed. Of blew, a&s;h-coloured, leaden and greene coloured vrines, together with their &s;euerall &s;igni|fications and vncertainties.</ITEM>
<ITEM>CHAP. 6. The manifold &s;ignifications of white vrines, as al&s;o the great vncertaintie of iudgement by the &s;ame.</ITEM>
<ITEM>CHAP. 7. Of the circle or garland, &s;pume, and froth, bubbles, &s;moke, or vapour, and fat in the ouermo&s;t region of the vrine, and what certaintie from thence can be collected.</ITEM>
<ITEM>CHAP. 8. Of the cloud, &s;wimme, or &s;ublimation, together with diuer&s;e &s;orts of re&s;idences, and the vncertaintie of their &s;ignifications.</ITEM>
<ITEM>CHAP. 9. Of the manner of pi&s;&s;ing: the retention or &s;top|page of vrine, totall or in part: of inuoluntarie pi&s;&s;ing, both in &s;ickne&s;&s;e and in health.</ITEM>
<ITEM>CHAP. 10. Of the fond and fooli&s;h opinion concerning di&s;tillation of vrines. Of the water of &s;eparation, together with the vncertaintie of iudgement by &s;uch meanes.</ITEM>
<ITEM>CHAP. 11. The conclu&s;ion of the whole di&s;cour&s;e, where &s;omething concerning i&s;&s;ue and euent, and of cau&s;uall cures.</ITEM>
</LIST>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 TYPE="list of authorities">
<PB REF="94">
<HEAD>THE NAMES OF SVCH FAMOVS Phy&s;itians as are alledged in this <HI>pre&s;ent Tractate.</HI></HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM><HI>Actuar&igrave;us. A&euml;tius.</HI> Ancient Greeke Phy&s;itians.</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Alexander Benedictus.</HI> A learned Italian Phy&s;itian.</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Alexander Trallianus.</HI> An ancient Greeke Phy&s;itian.</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Amatus.</HI> A learned Portugall Phy&s;itian.</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Ambro&s;ius Paraeus.</HI> Surgeon to three French Kings.</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Andreas Laurentius.</HI> Phy&s;itian to King Henry the fourth.</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Andreas Libauius.</HI> A very learned Germane Phy&s;itian.</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Antonius &V;aletius.</HI> A learned French Phy&s;itian.</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Archigenes.</HI> An ancient Phy&s;itian of Syria.</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Aretaeus Cappadox:</HI> or of Cappadocia.</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Beniamin Lob&s;huts.</HI> A learned Germane Phy&s;itian.</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Chry&s;tophorus &agrave; &V;ega.</HI> A Phy&s;itian to the high and mightie Prince Charles, Prince of Spaine, and D. of the chaire in the Vniuer&s;itie of Complutum.</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Claudius Galenus.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Diomedes Cornarius.</HI> Phy&s;itian to <HI>Maximilian</HI> Archduke of Au|&s;tria, and brother to <HI>Rodolphus</HI> and <HI>Matthias</HI> late Empe|rours.</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Duncanus Liddelius</HI> of Aberdene in Scotland, Phy&s;itian to <HI>Hen|ricus Iulius,</HI> the late and la&s;t Duke of Brawn&s;wicke, and D. of the chaire for Phy&s;icke and the Mathematickes in the Vni|uer&s;itie of Helm&s;tadt.</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Felix Platerus.</HI> Phy&s;itian to the illu&s;trious Duke of Wirtem|berg, and one of the D. of the chaire in the famous Vniuer|&s;itie of Ba&s;il in Switzerland.</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Franci&s;cus Emericus,</HI> D. in Phy&s;icke, and practicall profe&s;&s;or in the Vniuer&s;itie of Vienna.</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Franci&s;cus &V;alleriola.</HI> A learned French Phy&s;itian.</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Ga&s;per Bauhinus.</HI> Phy&s;itian to the late mentioned Duke of
<PB REF="94"> Wirtemberg, and D. of the chaire in the afore&s;aid Vniuer&s;i|tie of Ba&s;il.</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Guilielmus Adolphus Scribonius.</HI> A famous Germane Phy&s;itian.</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Guilielmus Rondeletius.</HI> D. of the chaire in the famous Vniuer&s;i|tie of Montpeliers in France.</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Hieronymus Cardanus.</HI> A learned Italian Phy&s;itian.</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Hieronymus Mercurialis.</HI> A learned Italian Phy&s;itian, and D. of the chaire in the Vniuer&s;itie of Padua.</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Hieronymus Montuus.</HI> Phy&s;itian to <HI>Frances</HI> the 1. French King.</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Hieronymus Reu&s;nerus.</HI> A learned Germane Phy&s;itian.</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Hippocrates.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Iacobus Douinetus.</HI> A Germane Phy&s;itian.</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Iacobus Holliricus.</HI> A famous Phy&s;itian of Paris in France.</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Iacobus Syluius.</HI> A French Phy&s;itian of good account.</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Iean Marinello,</HI> of Forli in Italie, an Italian Phy&s;itian.</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>I. Fle&s;her.</HI> A learned Engli&s;h Phy&s;itian.</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Iodocus Willichius.</HI> D. of the chaire in the Vniuer&s;itie of Franck|ford on the Oder in Germanie.</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Iohannes Anglicus,</HI> or <HI>Gate&s;den,</HI> the Author of <HI>Ro&s;a Anglica,</HI> a famous Engli&s;h Phy&s;itian, who liued in anno 1320.</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Iohannes Belfortis.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Iohannes le Bon.</HI> A French Phy&s;itian of good note.</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Iohannes Caius.</HI> A learned Engli&s;h Phy&s;itian.</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Iohannes Crato a Krafftheim.</HI> Phy&s;itian to three Emperours of the hou&s;e of Au&s;tria.</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Iohannes Dama&s;cenus.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Iohannes Fernelius.</HI> Phy&s;itian to <HI>Henry</HI> the 2. French King.</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Iohannes Heurnius.</HI> A learned Low countrey Phy&s;itian, and D. of the chaire in the Vniuer&s;itie of Leyden in Holland.</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Iohannes Langius.</HI> Phy&s;itian of fiue Electors, Princes Palatines of Rhene.</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Iohannes Michael Sauonarola.</HI> Phy&s;itian to <HI>Bor&s;ius</HI> &s;ometimes Duke of Ferrara in Italie.</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Iohannes Montanus.</HI> A learned French Phy&s;itian.</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Iohannes Renodaeus.</HI> A famous Phy&s;itian of the &s;ame nation.</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Iohannes Schenckius.</HI> A learned Germane Phy&s;itian.</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Laurentius Ioubertus.</HI> Phy&s;itian to <HI>Henry</HI> the 3. French King,
<PB REF="95" MS="y"> Chancellour in the Vniuer&s;itie of Mont-peliers, and D. of the chaire there.</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Leo Roganus.</HI> A famous Romane Phy&s;itian.</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Leonardus Turnhei&s;&s;erus.</HI> A Germane Phy&s;itian.</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Leuinus Lemnius.</HI> A learned Phy&s;itian of Zeland.</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Ludouicus Mercatus.</HI> Phy&s;itian to <HI>Philip</HI> the 2. and 3. kings of Spaine, and D. of the chaire in the Vniuer&s;itie of Vallad'olid in Spaine.</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Marcellus Donatus</HI> of Mantua in Italie, a Phy&s;itian of good ac|count, Knight and D. in Phy&s;icke.</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Martinus Akakia.</HI> A learned French Phy&s;itian.</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Matthaeus de Gradi.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Nicolus Florentinus.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Paulus Aegineta.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Petrus Fore&s;tus.</HI> A famous Phy&s;itian of Holland.</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Petrus Sphaererius.</HI> Phy&s;itian to the Archbi&s;hop of Mentz.</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Rembertus Dodonaeus.</HI> Phy&s;itian to the Emperour <HI>Rodolphus</HI> 2.</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Rha&s;es.</HI> An Arabian Phy&s;itian.</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Rufus Ephe&s;ius.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Timotheus Bricht</HI> of Cambridge. A learned Engli&s;h Phy&s;itian.</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Thomas Rodericus &agrave; &V;ega.</HI> A learned Spani&s;h Phy&s;itian.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<P>Be&s;ides the&s;e, many moe might haue bene to the &s;ame pur|po&s;e, not impertinently produced, which I thought might well be &s;pared, the&s;e being to an indifferent and vnpartiall Reader &s;ufficient.</P>
<LIST>
<HEAD>SOME OTHER AVTHORS.</HEAD>
<ITEM>Aelianus.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Ari&s;toteles.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Bible.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Carion.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Catullus.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Cicero.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Henricus Ranzouius.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Herodotus.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Homerus.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Ierome.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Io&s;ephus.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Iuuenalis.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Lactantius.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Martialis.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Nicetas.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Plinius.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Polibius.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Sabellicus.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Statius.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Terentius.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Zonaras.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<PB REF="95" MS="y">
<PB REF="96" MS="y">
<PB REF="96" MS="y">
<PB REF="97" MS="y">
<PB REF="97" MS="y">
<PB REF="98" MS="y">
<PB REF="98" MS="y">
<PB REF="99" MS="y">
<PB REF="99" MS="y">
<PB REF="100" MS="y">
<PB REF="100" MS="y">
<PB REF="101" MS="y">
<PB REF="101" MS="y">
<PB REF="102" MS="y">
<PB REF="102" MS="y">
<PB REF="103" MS="y">
<PB REF="103" MS="y">
<PB REF="104" MS="y">
<PB REF="104" MS="y">
<PB REF="105" MS="y">
<PB REF="105" MS="y">
<PB REF="106" MS="y">
<PB REF="106" MS="y">
</DIV1>
</FRONT>
<BODY>
<DIV1 N="1" TYPE="book">
<PB REF="107">
<PB N="1" REF="107">
<HEAD>THE FIRST BOOKE OF THE ANATOMIE OF VRINES.</HEAD>
<DIV2 TYPE="argument">
<HEAD>THE ARGVMENT.</HEAD>
<P>_IN the&s;e two bookes is a continuation of the di&s;|cour&s;e concerning the vncertaintie of iudge|ment in di&s;ea&s;es by the &s;ole and bare in&s;pection of the vrine onely, without the concour&s;e of the re&s;t of the other &s;ignes; whereunto the &s;ight of the patient is altogether nece&s;&s;ary. In the fir&s;t booke and fir&s;t Chapter, by way of introduction, &s;omething is &s;aid of the antiquitie, excellencie, and eminencie of phy&s;icke; as al&s;o concerning the lawle&s;&s;e intru&s;ion of &s;ome ignorant per&s;ons vpon this profe&s;|&s;ion, with the ab&s;urdities of the &s;ame. Then in the next place follow certaine authorities of &s;ome famous Phy&s;itians again&s;t this abu&s;e in generall: and afterwards al&s;o in &s;ome &s;uch di&s;ea&s;es where it is thought to be of greate&s;t force and vali|ditie. And after &s;hall fully be confuted that fooli&s;h, ab&s;urd, and inueterate opinion, of di&s;cerning whether a woman be with child or no, by the bare in&s;pection of the vrine onely: and that by vnan&s;werable arguments, together with &s;ome in&s;tances, both of mine owne and other ancient and late Phy&s;itians of no &s;mall note. And la&s;tly &s;hall be plainly de|mon&s;trated, that the &s;exe cannot by the vrine onely be di&s;|cerned, contrary to the vulgar opinion.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 N="1" TYPE="chapter">
<PB N="2" REF="108">
<HEAD><HI>CHAP. I.</HI> The introduction, where &s;ome thing concerning the antiquitie, excel|lencie, and eminencie of phy&s;icke, and of the lawle&s;&s;e intru&s;ion of &s;ome ignorant per&s;ons vpon this profe&s;&s;ion, with the ab&s;urditie of the &s;ame.</HEAD>
<P>_OVr mo&s;t great and omnipotent God, of his great goodne&s;&s;e, hauing fir&s;t created and fra|med the&s;e glorious globes and orbes of the vniuer&s;e, together with the earth and all the ornaments and furniture of the &s;ame, at la&s;t made man, that microco&s;me, or little world, as it were an epitome or abridgment of this great vniuer&s;all world: and that according to his owne likene&s;&s;e, and placed him in earthly paradi&s;e. But not long after being by the &s;erpent that old inueterate enemie of mankind, &s;educed to &s;inne, he became a map of mi&s;erie, obnoxious to death and eternall dam|nation; and euen in this life &s;ubiect to innumerable &s;ickne&s;&s;es. So farre notwith&s;tanding, did his makers bountie abound, that not onely &s;ent be him a Sauiour to redeeme him from damna|tion, but furni&s;hed him with innumerable remedies again&s;t his manifold infirmities.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Io&s;eph. antiquit. Iudaic. l. <HI>1.</HI> cap. <HI>4.</HI> Zonaras annal. lib. <HI>1.</HI></NOTE> The&s;e <HI>Adam</HI> taught his &s;onne <HI>Seth;</HI> and he againe (le&s;t water or fire &s;hould de&s;troy them) wrote the principles of phy&s;icke in hieroglyphicke letters, vpon two pil|lars; one of &s;tone, again&s;t the rage of the water, the other on bricke again&s;t the furie of the fire. Thus came the art to be propagated to po&s;teritie: and <HI>Abrahams</HI> &s;eed &s;oiourning in Aegypt that vnthankfull nation, yet for their ho&s;pitalitie to Gods people reaped this benefit, that they were by them in|&s;tructed in the principles of this profe&s;&s;ion, and many moe be|&s;ides. The Greeks gained this knowledge of the Aegyptians, who were not idle, but improuing the &s;ame, would willingly haue a&s;&s;umed all the honour to them&s;elues.<NOTE PLACE="marg">High account of phy&s;icke a|mong&s;t the Graecians.</NOTE> In great honour and reputation was it among&s;t this nation for many yeares, and the profe&s;&s;ors of the &s;ame in great credit and account with the mightie&s;t Monarches: witne&s;&s;e the honour exhibited to <HI>Hippo|crates</HI> and his po&s;teritie, by the Athenians in particular. And the
<PB N="3" REF="108"> account the Per&s;ians made of it, may from hence euidently ap|peare,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Among&s;t the Per&s;ians. <HI>Hippocr. in epi&s;t.</HI></NOTE> that the great <HI>Artaxerxes</HI> &s;endeth to <HI>Hi&s;tanes</HI> gouernour of the Helle&s;pont this me&s;&s;age. The fame and renowne of the noble <HI>Hippocrates,</HI> of the race &amp; linage of <HI>Ae&s;culapius,</HI> borne in the Ile of Cos, together with his great skill and &s;ufficiencie, are come to mine eares: be&s;tow thou therefore vpon him as much gold as he &s;hall demand of thee, and what&s;oeuer he &s;hall haue need of, be&s;tow it vpon him in mo&s;t plentifull manner, and haue a care to &s;end him to me: for he &s;hall be equall in honour and dignitie with the greate&s;t Princes of Per&s;ia. And moreo|uer, if there be any other wi&s;e learned man in Europe, let him be enrolled among&s;t the Kings dome&s;ticke &amp; familiar friends, not &s;paring for any co&s;t what&s;oeuer: for &s;uch men are not euery where ea&s;ily to be found. After many yeares,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Vide Sabell en|nead. <HI>9.</HI> lib. <HI>2.</HI> Zonar. annal. tomo. <HI>3.</HI> alio&s;que neoter.</NOTE> the Turki&s;h ty|rannie like a violent inundation ouerflowing the mo&s;t part of A&s;ia, together with no &s;mall part of Europe, this profe&s;&s;ion be|ing now bani&s;hed out of Greece its owne naturall &s;oile, toge|ther with the re&s;t of the Mu&s;es, it &s;ought for &s;helter and &s;uccour among&s;t the rude Arabians,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Entertainment among&s;t the A|rabians.</NOTE> where it was welcomed with &s;uch entertainment, as &s;uch a countrey could affoord it: where how|beit it was enlarged by many &s;uch &s;imples as India and Arabia would yeeld, yet haue their bookes bene &s;o branded by barba|rous tran&s;lators, that they are not euen vntill this day freed from the &s;ame. Among&s;t the Romans<NOTE PLACE="marg">Among&s;t the Romans.</NOTE> likewi&s;e it was not a little re|&s;pected, where that worthy Emperour <HI>Augu&s;tus</HI> hauing among many others, &s;ome intelligence of the great abu&s;es committed by ignorant intruders vpon this profe&s;&s;ion, together with the great dammage redounding to the &s;ubiect, by meanes of this l<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">wle&s;&s;e libertie, made a law as followeth. <HI>That no per&s;on,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">The law of Au|gu&s;tus Cae&s;ar a|gain&s;t ignorant and vnskilfull practi&s;ers of phy&s;icke.</NOTE> <HI>of what e&s;tate or degree &s;oeuer, within the Romane Empire, &s;hould either teach or practi&s;e phy&s;icke, vndertaking the cure of any &s;icke per&s;ons, vnle&s;&s;e he were fir&s;t licen&s;ed and authori&s;ed by the Emperor him&s;elfe, or by &s;uch as &s;hould by him be deputed or appointed for this purpo&s;e.</HI> This law was long inuiolably kept by the &s;ucceeding <HI>Cae&s;ars,</HI> vntill &s;uch time as the barbarous<NOTE N="*" PLACE="marg">Vide &s;upra, &amp; inter neoter. Chronic. Carion. aedit. <HI>1608,</HI> in <HI>8.</HI></NOTE> Saracens &amp; Turks, vnder the conduct of that mon&s;ter of mankind <HI>Mahomet,</HI> did with fire &amp; &s;word wa&s;te and de&s;troy a great part of A&s;ia, e&s;pecially Syria,
<PB N="4" REF="109"> together with Greece and the countrey about Con&s;tantinople: the Goths, Huns, &amp; Vandals omitting no kind of crueltie in the other parts of Europe,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mars enemie to Minerua.</NOTE> Italie in particular. The&s;e, be&s;ides many other mi&s;eries, did al&s;o &s;ubuert and de&s;troy mo&s;t of the Vniuer|&s;ities and &s;chooles of good learning, burning the bookes they could come by, and bringing in by this meanes meere barba|rou&s;ne&s;&s;e and ignorance. This great inundation and deluge gaue no &s;mall encouragement to all manner of cozeners to practi&s;e their impo&s;ture, &s;paring neither the per&s;ons nor the pur|&s;es of the oppre&s;&s;ed people. This wofull calamitie continued vntill <HI>Lotharius</HI> Duke of Saxonie was crowned Emperour at Rome.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Lotharius fir&s;t Emperour of the hou&s;e of Saxony re&s;tored learning and learned men in the we&s;t. <HI>De his vide ora|tionem doctoris Beniamin Lob|&s;chuts impre&s;&s;am cum ob&s;eruat. medic. Diomedis Cornarij medici|nae Doctoris.</HI></NOTE> This worthy Emperour both erected a number of new nur&s;eries of good learning, and repaired &s;uch as were founded before his time, adding and increa&s;ing meanes for the mainte|nance of the&s;e new erected &s;chooles and Vniuer&s;ities. Moreo|uer, he cau&s;ed to be &s;ent for out of euery countrey and king|dome, the mo&s;t famous and learned men that were to be found, and &s;uch as did mo&s;t excell in euery art and &s;cience. And for the better furtherance of this his purpo&s;e, he granted many priui|ledges and immunities to the afore&s;aid Vniuer&s;ities &amp; &s;chooles, the whole Profe&s;&s;ors and Students in the &s;ame. And thus phy|&s;icke with the re&s;t reuiued againe; and being healed of her for|mer wounds, was drawne out of the darke dungeon and pri&s;on wherin &s;he had &s;o long lien in thraldome and captiuitie, and by meanes of this noble Emperour re&s;tored to her former dignitie and libertie againe. Now to adde more grace and dignitie to this noble profe&s;&s;ion, he renewed againe that worthy law of <HI>Augu&s;tus,</HI> inhibiting and di&s;charging any per&s;on what&s;oeuer, either to practi&s;e or profe&s;&s;e this or any other art or &s;cience, vnle&s;&s;e he were fir&s;t licen&s;ed from the Emperours court. But well fore&s;eeing the inconueniences which might from hence ari&s;e, if all &s;uch bu&s;ine&s;&s;es &s;hould depend vpon his court; for this cau&s;e he granted this priuiledge and authoritie to the a|fore&s;aid Vniuer&s;ities throughout the whole Empire. This &s;o whole&s;ome con&s;titution of <HI>Lotharius</HI> all the &s;ucceeding Empe|rours to this day haue continued.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fir&s;t originall of Doctors and o|ther degrees in the Vniuer&s;ities.</NOTE> And thus came fir&s;t in the&s;e titles of Doctor, Ma&s;ter, &amp;c. not by the appointment of any
<PB N="5" REF="109"> priuate man, but by the lawes of Emperours and Kings of Chri&s;tendome. Now be&s;ides the premi&s;&s;es, I would ea&s;ily e|uince both the eminencie and excellencie of this profe&s;&s;ion from the vtilitie and nece&s;&s;itie,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Vtilitie and ne|ce&s;&s;itie of this profe&s;&s;ion.</NOTE> as being of nece&s;&s;arie v&s;e for euery age, e&s;tate and degree; as al&s;o the worthy &s;ubiect there|of, to wit, the body of man, &s;o farre foorth as di&s;ea&s;es are ex|pelled, and health pre&s;erued; it being al&s;o the &s;hrine of the &s;oule, &amp; the co&s;tly coffer wherein it is contained, do conciliate no &s;mall authoritie vnto the &s;ame. Neither yet is the skill in this profe&s;&s;ion &s;o ea&s;ily attained vnto, as many ignorant people do per&s;wade the~&s;elues. But that there are many things required in him who is to be called natures darling, and great Secretarie of &s;tate, at all times to helpe and a&s;&s;i&s;t her, when oftentimes &s;he cannot helpe her &s;elfe (vnto which this confu&s;ed multitude ne|uer hath attained, and therefore vnworthy to be admitted vnto &s;uch my&s;teries) hath euer bene receiued for an vncontrolled truth. The cau&s;es of the di&s;ea&s;e mu&s;t be exactly knowne be|fore the cure, and many other things be&s;ides. And thus it is re|corded of <HI>Ari&s;totle,</HI> that at a certaine time falling &s;icke, his Phy|&s;itian there by him prating apace, an&s;wered very wittily after this manner.<NOTE N="*" PLACE="marg"><GAP LANG="grc" DESC="foreign" RESP="OXF">. Aelian. lib. <HI>9.</HI> cap. <HI>23.</HI> Polib. lib. hi&s;t. <HI>2.</HI> &amp; <HI>3.</HI> inde|que Lang. epi&s;t. medicin. lib. <HI>2.</HI> epi&s;t. <HI>48.</HI> Hippoc. lib. <HI>2.</HI> de lege.</NOTE> <HI>Neither cure me like a cowheard, nor yet like a plow|man; but fir&s;t of all let me know the cau&s;e, then &s;halt thou find me ob|&s;equious to thy pre&s;criptions.</HI></P>
<P>The euer prai&s;e worthy <HI>Hippocrates,</HI> howbeit in few, yet in effectuall words, &s;etteth downe &s;uch things as are requi&s;ite in a true Phy&s;itian. <HI>Who&s;oeuer will exactly and diligently purcha&s;e to him&s;elfe a firme knowledge in this profe&s;&s;ion, mu&s;t of nece&s;&s;itie be fur|ni&s;hed with the&s;e which follow. Nature</HI> (that is, a potentiall apt|ne&s;&s;e, wit and vnder&s;tanding, with a certaine pronene&s;&s;e and inclination to this profe&s;&s;ion) <HI>precepts of art, a fit and conuenient place for &s;tudie; in&s;truction in the &s;ame from younger yeares; diligent and painefull &s;tudie, together with a competent and conuenient time.</HI> This likewi&s;e did the ancients paint foorth vnto vs in the armes or en&s;eignes of <HI>Ae&s;culapius,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">The armes or en&s;eignes of Ae&s;culapius.</NOTE> to whom were attributed all the badges and en&s;eignes which do of right belong to a true Phy&s;i|tian, and do all argue a&s;&s;iduitie and painfull indu&s;trie.</P>
<P>The fir&s;t was an <HI>Owle,</HI> to giue him warning of the watchfull
<PB N="6" REF="110"> paines and care the learned Phy&s;itian ought to take in finding out the &s;euerall &s;ignes and circum&s;tances of the di&s;ea&s;e, to the end he may be the more able to foretell the &s;euerall i&s;&s;ues and euents of the &s;ame. <HI>A crooked &s;taffe</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">A crooked &s;taffe.</NOTE> <HI>in his hand;</HI> which intima|teth vnto vs, that he ought with great care and diligence be|&s;tirre him&s;elfe, to attaine to the right and perfect knowledge, not onely of the &s;tructure of mans bodie, and euerie part of the &s;ame, as well inward as outward: but al&s;o the &s;euerall qualities and vertues of all manner of remedies appropriated for the v&s;e of mankinde; whether they be aboue the earth, enclo&s;ed in the intrals thereof; or yet contained in the va&s;t dominions of the endle&s;&s;e ocean: as al&s;o with carefull circum&s;pection, to ob&s;erue and marke the &s;trength of his patients, and their &s;euerall natures and con&s;titutions; applying to each and euery one of them in due and conuenient time, &s;uch proper and peculiar remedies, as may be&s;t befit them&punc; and that alwayes hauing a watchfull eye vpon the &s;euerall indications in &s;uch ca&s;es required. In his right hand he held a <HI>Dragons head,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">A dragons head in his right hand and a dog hard by him.</NOTE> coming from the Greeke word <GAP LANG="grc" DESC="foreign" RESP="OXF">, &s;ignifying a &s;harpe and cleare &s;ight: and next vn|to the &s;ame was a <HI>watchfull dog;</HI> both of them declaring vnto vs, that the Phy&s;itian ought with a certaine promptne&s;&s;e of dex|teritie of vnder&s;tanding fore&s;ee the i&s;&s;ue and euent of di&s;ea&s;es, and then with as great ea&s;e and facilitie as is po&s;&s;ible, and without &s;paring any paines, ea&s;e the patients griefe; pre&s;eruing likewi&s;e and maintaining, as much as in him lyeth, his pre&s;ent healthfull &s;tate of bodie, and preuenting to the vttermo&s;t of his power, the imminent danger of dolefull di&s;ea&s;es. In his left hand a <HI>pine apple,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">A pine apple in his left hand.</NOTE> thereby letting vs to vnder&s;tand, that the out|ward &s;hell of this profe&s;&s;ion is very hard, the inward fruite and marrow, notwith&s;tanding, being mo&s;t plea&s;ant, delectable and profitable. At his right &s;ide was <HI>the winged picture of health, with a pullet in her hand:</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">The winged pi|cture of health with a pullet in her hand.</NOTE> &amp; that to the end the Phy&s;itian might know, that he ought to aime at the health and happie e&s;tate of his pa|tient principally, and not to become the &s;laue of ba&s;e and filthie lucre and gaine: in like manner manife&s;ting vnto vs, that by the paines and indu&s;trious skill of the learned Phy&s;itian, health is oftentimes maintained; as by his carele&s;&s;e negligence, igno|rance,
<PB N="7" REF="110"> &amp; in&s;ufficiencie it is ea&s;ily ouerthrowne. <HI>A pullet,</HI> to &s;hew foorth the Phy&s;itians care, in pre&s;cribing fit and conuenient diet, according to his patients nature and con&s;titution, as al&s;o the qualitie and motion of the di&s;ea&s;e.<NOTE PLACE="marg">How carefull the Phy&s;itian ought to be in pre&s;cribing diet according to the nature of the di&s;ea&s;e and di&s;|ea&s;ed.</NOTE> For in acute di&s;ea&s;es, and &s;uch as are of a &s;udden and &s;peedie motion, as the remedies mu&s;t be &s;peedie, &s;o mu&s;t the diet be &s;paring, an&s;wering both to the &s;trength of the patient, and nature of the di&s;ea&s;e; not being in the meane time vnmindfull of his former cu&s;tome, countrey or place wherein he liues, with many more circum&s;tances in &s;uch ca&s;es required. In di&s;ea&s;es againe of a long and lingring nature, we mu&s;t not be &s;o clo&s;e fi&s;ted, but allow them more li|berall allowance; yet keeping alwayes in mind the former ca|ueats and cautions. In the end he mu&s;t be armed again&s;t all oc|ca&s;ions and &s;udden occurrents, not forgetting to gratifie the &s;icke, &s;o farre foorth as may &s;tand with conueniencie. And la&s;tly this <HI>Ae&s;culapian</HI> pourtraict was pictured with a <HI>beard:</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Ae&s;culapius bearded.</NOTE> &s;igni|fying hereby, that &s;uch as medled with &s;uch ab&s;tru&s;e my&s;teries, hauing fir&s;t bene trained vp in the grounds and principles of this profe&s;&s;ion, ought to be of a rea&s;onable mature iudgement and vnder&s;tanding, to the end they may proue &s;o much the fit|ter to mannage &s;uch weightie matters.</P>
<P>But to what end and purpo&s;e (will &s;ome perhaps &s;ay) tendeth this long di&s;cour&s;e? Euen to the end it may more euidently ap|peare, into what di&s;grace and contempt this noble profe&s;&s;ion is now growne, and that by meanes of the lawle&s;&s;e and vncon|trolled intru&s;ion of ignorant and vn&s;ufficient per&s;ons. Let the Reader iudge ingenuou&s;ly, whether the offenders be furni&s;hed with any &s;uch &s;ufficiencie, and let this touch-&s;tone trie them all. Profe&s;&s;ions farre inferiour to this, haue a number of yeares allowed them to &s;erue and learne, before any be &s;uffered to ex|erci&s;e the &s;ame. But here,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Liberty allowed ignorant Phy&s;i|tians, cau&s;e of great mi&s;chiefe.</NOTE> how&s;oeuer the Vniuer&s;ities be not depriued of their priuiledges, in granting the degrees to the well de&s;eruing: yet is there no re&s;traint of the mo&s;t ignorant and vn&s;ufficient per&s;ons, of what&s;oeuer &s;exe or calling. An ig|norant Empiricke that knoweth &s;carce the propertie of pepper, whether it be hote or cold, yet may practi&s;e publickly. Now that I &s;ay nothing of ignorant Apothecaries, Surgeons, &amp;c.
<PB N="8" REF="111"> the other &s;exe will needs haue a &s;hare in the&s;e bu&s;ine&s;&s;es al&s;o: and yet in holy writ they are tyed to their hou&s;wiuerie.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Prouerb. <HI>31,</HI> Terent. in Andr.</NOTE> And the heathen Poet bringeth in women medling with their &s;pinning and carding. Their fraile &s;exe is both vnfit and vnfur|ni&s;hed with &s;ufficiencie for managing of &s;o great matters. It is no wayes &s;utable to the mode&s;tie which ought to be &s;eene in that &s;exe, to meddle with &s;o publicke a profe&s;&s;ion. And be&s;ides, there being no &s;mall commerce betwixt the Phy&s;itian and his patient,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Hippocr. lib. de medico.</HI> Women alto|gether vnfit to practi&s;e phy&s;ick.</NOTE> as witne&s;&s;eth the worthy <HI>Hippocrates,</HI> who &s;eeth not the ab&s;urditie of this their practi&s;e? And as for their &s;uffici|encie, it may ea&s;ily, by that which hath bene &s;aid alreadie, ap|peare. My purpo&s;e is not to dwell vpon this &s;ubiect, nor yet to vrge many arguments again&s;t it, the thing being &s;o ab&s;urd in it &s;elfe. I will relate but one tragicall &s;torie out of a late writer, of a mother who made away her owne child, with an intent, as &s;he thought to cure him.<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>A tragicall &s;to|rie.</HI> Alexand. Bened. de curand. morb. lib. <HI>15.</HI> cap. <HI>25.</HI></NOTE> <HI>A countrey woman</HI> (&s;aith mine author) <HI>hauing a young &s;onne of cacheoticall di&s;po&s;ition, and now entring into a drop&s;ie, by the aduice of her women-go&s;&s;ips, thru&s;t him, &s;ore again&s;t his will, his head foremo&s;t, into an ouen, immediatly after the drawing of the bread, &s;topping vp againe immediatly the mouth of her ouen. Her gabling go&s;&s;ips were officiou&s;ly attending a better euent then they found, as al&s;o helping her to bring to pa&s;&s;e this braue exploit. He be|ing once in, was pre&s;ently &s;uffocated with the &s;moke for want of fre&s;h aire. The mother within a little &s;pace calleth to her &s;onne oftener then once in an audible voyce, enquiring what benefit he found; who an|&s;wered her no more then Baal did his Prie&s;ts.</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">1. King. 18.26 27.28.</NOTE> <HI>The&s;e pratling go&s;|&s;ips per&s;waded this &s;imple woman, that his &s;ilence was an a&s;&s;ured &s;igne of the benefit he thereby receiued: the which this credulous woman, &s;till hoping where no hope was, ea&s;ily beleeued: but at length found that which &s;he least looked for; drawing out of the ouen her dead &s;onne, cured not onely of this, but of all other di&s;ea&s;es al&s;o; and then (but all too late) blameth as well her owne too too credulous &s;implici|tie, as the malapert boldne&s;&s;e of the &s;he-phy&s;itians, inducing her to v&s;e a remedie farre wor&s;e then the di&s;ea&s;e it &s;elfe.</HI> As for you, <HI>Ladyes and Gentlewomen</HI> (with your good leaues let me be &s;o bold as to tell you my mind in a word or two) how&s;oeuer I cannot but much commend your great charitie and loue, in affoording
<PB N="9" REF="111"> both your paines and your pur&s;es for the relieuing of &s;icke di|&s;tre&s;&s;ed people: yet let me intreate you, not to be too officiou&s;|ly bu&s;ie, the life of a man being no matter of &s;mall importance, and which being once lo&s;t,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Soles occidere &amp; redire po&s;&s;unt: nobis cum &s;emel occidit breuis lux, Nox e&s;t per|petua vna dor|mienda. Catull.</NOTE> can neuer till the re&s;urrection be recouered. And remember, that there may be an ouer&s;ight as well in neglecting a fit and conuenient remedie in due time, as in exhibiting a dangerous and de&s;perate remedie. And whereas often it cometh to pa&s;&s;e, that either your nece&s;&s;itie or importu|nitie doth extort from the learned Phy&s;itian good and whole|&s;ome remedies either for your owne or others infirmities: yet I intreate you, not to be &s;o indi&s;creete, as to make one &s;alue &s;erue for euery &s;ore. The remedie indeed may be good, but (as often cometh to pa&s;&s;e) ill v&s;ed, or rather abu&s;ed.<NOTE PLACE="marg">A good remedy ignorantly or out of &s;ea&s;on ex|hibited, may yet proue dange|rous to the di&s;|ea&s;ed.</NOTE> And that which you haue &s;ometimes tried to be a &s;oueraigne medicine for your &s;elues; yet another time, by rea&s;on of a number of new occur|rents, the &s;ame remedie may produce an effect farre differing from the former: how much more then in another? The con&s;ti|tution of the partie &s;hould be con&s;idered, the &s;exe, age, time of yeare, yea and of the di&s;ea&s;e it &s;elfe; as whether it be in the be|ginning, in the increa&s;e, in the height, or declining, with many moe circum&s;tances are here to be con&s;idered. But put yet the ca&s;e the remedie be good again&s;t &s;uch a di&s;ea&s;e; yet may many other circum&s;tances cro&s;&s;e this iudication in any indiuiduall per&s;on, which were here too tedious to relate. It may then ea&s;i|ly appeare, that this is a bu&s;ine&s;&s;e of an higher &s;traine then many do well con&s;ider: but of this matter no more. Now howbeit this fretting canker (I meane of vn&s;ufficient, vnlearned, and vn|skilfull Phi&s;itians) hath crept ouer the whole Chri&s;tian world, yet the inconuenience is not in all alike. For howbeit in Ger|manie Empiricks do &s;o abound that they haue begun of late yeares (&s;uppo&s;ing it may be that we are here vnfurni&s;hed) to come and vi&s;it vs here in this Iland,<NOTE PLACE="marg">The laudable cu&s;tome of the Germane natio~ in prouiding fit and learned Phy&s;itians, and allowing them good mainte|nance.</NOTE> yet can I not but much commend and prai&s;e their care and indu&s;trie in prouiding for the maintenance of the hone&s;t and learned Phy&s;itian. There each &s;euerall Citie, towne, or corporation, hath certaine Phy&s;i|tians entertained by &s;tipends out of the chamber &s;tockes (which there by rea&s;on of their admirable indu&s;trie, as being
<PB N="10" REF="112"> much addicted to the publicke good are very rich) a dwelling hou&s;e being likewi&s;e allowed them for their liues: and each Citie or towne according to the proportionable bigne&s;&s;e, hath moe or fewer of tho&s;e &s;tipendiarie Phy&s;itians: and none among them admitted, but &s;uch as for their &s;ufficiencie, and long time &s;pent in the &s;tudie of that profe&s;&s;ion, haue taken their degrees in &s;ome famous Vniuer&s;itie. All the Apothecaries and Surgeons within the place where they liue are &s;ubiect to their cen&s;ures, and by them to be controlled; and the midwiues likewi&s;e by them mu&s;t be admitted.<NOTE PLACE="marg">They often vi&s;it the Apotheca|ries &s;hops, and take a &s;uruey of his drugs.</NOTE> And of all the Apothecaries drugs, as well &s;imples as compounds, they take a narrow &s;uruey twice a yeare; to wit, euery Spring and fall: be&s;ides the viewing of their drugs immediatly after the buying of them (which com|meth mo&s;t commonly to pa&s;&s;e twice a yeare, at Lerpzig or Franckfort faire) not being lawfull for them to make v&s;e of any of them vntill &s;uch time as they be fir&s;t vi&s;ited and allowed by the afore&s;aid Phy&s;itians. At the viewing and vi&s;iting of their wares, is appointed one fro~ the chiefe Magi&s;trate of the Citie, commonly called the Burger mai&s;ter, to &s;it in commi&s;&s;ion with the Phy&s;itians. If the Apothecarie &s;hall be found faultie, or his drugs any wayes vn&s;ufficient, the afore&s;aid per&s;ons fine him at their plea&s;ures; as al&s;o &s;et a rea&s;onable rate or taxe vpon all his drugs and compo&s;itions, and that according to the ri&s;ing or fal|ling of the prizes of the drugs. Neither yet may the Apothe|carie of him&s;elfe make, mixe, or compound any great compo&s;i|tion of many &s;euerall ingredients, vnle&s;&s;e the Phy&s;itians, one or more being pre&s;ent, fir&s;t &s;ee all the &s;euerall ingredients, and then allow of the &s;ame. He can likewi&s;e take no apprentice into his &s;eruice, but &s;uch as fir&s;t &s;hall be &s;worne faithfully to make and compound according to the Phy&s;itians pre&s;criptions, not alte|ring any thing in his bill without his knowledge and allow|ance: the which oath the Phy&s;itians haue power to exact of the afore&s;aid apprentices.<NOTE PLACE="marg">The great com|moditie of this &s;o laudable a cu&s;tome.</NOTE> Of this &s;o laudable and prai&s;e-worthy a con&s;titution this benefit they reape, that fir&s;t of all, the inha|bitants are neuer vnfurni&s;hed of fit and &s;ufficient Phy&s;itians, to whom in time of need they may haue recour&s;e for good and whole&s;ome coun&s;ell: as al&s;o that the inhabitants in their ex|tremitie
<PB N="11" REF="112"> are preferred before &s;trangers. The moderation of fees likewi&s;e, in regard of their &s;tanding &s;tipends, is &s;ome ea&s;e to the pur&s;es of priuate men, but e&s;pecially to the poorer &s;ort, to whom by this meanes they are the betrer enabled to affoord their coun&s;ell for little or nothing. The countrey round about findeth likewi&s;e euery where learned Phy&s;itians to adui&s;e with, as al&s;o good and &s;ufficient &s;tuffe, neither fu&s;tie nor &s;ophi&s;ticate, and that at a rea&s;onable rate. Now how farre we come &s;hort of this &s;o laudable and worthie pollicie, tho&s;e that know any thing are not ignorant. We are apt enough to imitate that which is naught in our neighbour nations, and why make we not v&s;e of &s;uch things as de&s;erue prai&s;e and commendation? From the a|forenamed nation we haue &s;o well learned quaffing and car|rou&s;ing, together with their vnhappy healths, indeed hinderers of all health, that it &s;eemeth now to be naturalized among&s;t vs: and why are we not as forward for this an<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> &s;uch other lau|dable con&s;titutions as tend to the benefit of the common|wealth? But now to our purpo&s;e.</P>
<P>One thing which doth principally encourage all manner of cozeners, and euery ignorant and vn&s;ufficient per&s;on,<NOTE PLACE="marg">The idle in&s;pe|ction of vrine, as it is at this day practi&s;ed, ope|neth a gap to e|uery cozener &amp; impo&s;tor.</NOTE> to aduen|ture vpon this profe&s;&s;ion, is the vaine and idle in&s;pection of Vrines, as it is at this day euery where practi&s;ed; by meanes whereof mo&s;t people are per&s;waded that the Phy&s;itian is able to find out, not onely the di&s;ea&s;e in generall, but euen euery &s;igne and circum&s;tance of the &s;ame. I my &s;elfe haue often bene im|portuned to tell that by this &s;igne, which the wits of all the wi&s;e&s;t Phy&s;itians in the world could neuer a&s;&s;uredly and cer|tainly find out. To in&s;tance but in one thing, to wit, the di&s;cer|ning of the conception, whether a woman be with child or no: there is not an Empiricke or quack-&s;aluer in the countrey, that will not make thee beleeue he can tell thee that a&s;&s;uredly. Our &s;he-phy&s;itians (for &s;uch mon&s;ters now this countrey yeeldeth) will &s;ay no le&s;&s;e.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Iohann. le bon. de therap. puerp.</NOTE> But heare the iudgement of a learned French Phy&s;itian concerning this point: <HI>To abu&s;e the in&s;pection of vrine, to know whether a woman be with child, or no, belongeth to a coze|ning impo&s;tor, and not to an hone&s;t Phy&s;itian; how&s;oeuer &s;ome haue not bene a&s;hamed to vent &s;uch vanities.</HI> But of this at more length
<PB N="12" REF="113"> hereafter: now let vs proceed to the maine matter, to wit, to handle this &s;ubiect in order.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 N="2" TYPE="chapter">
<HEAD><HI>CHAP. II.</HI> Of the vncertaine iudgement affoorded vs by &V;rines in generall, to|gether with their limitation to certaine di&s;ea&s;es, and that out of many learned writers.</HEAD>
<P>_IT is growne now adayes a common cu&s;tome, by the &s;ole and bare in&s;pection of the vrine to vndertake to declare and lay open the whole di&s;ea&s;e,<NOTE PLACE="marg">It is impo&s;&s;ible to iudge of the di&s;ea&s;e, &amp; what concerneth the &s;ame, by the in|&s;pection of the vrine onely.</NOTE> together with the &s;tate and con&s;titution of euery part of the body, without any regard had to &s;uch things as the mo&s;t wi&s;e and cir|cum&s;pect Phy&s;itians haue left vs in this ca&s;e to be con&s;idered: the which notwith&s;tanding, is as impo&s;&s;ible to bring to pa&s;&s;e, as by the heat or cold of an hou&s;e to iudge of the perfection of the &s;ame, together with the &s;oundne&s;&s;e of the walles and tim|ber thereof: or yet by the rubbi&s;h of any hou&s;e carried to &s;ome other place, to find out the &s;tateline&s;&s;e of the former building. To this end and purpo&s;e be&s;ides the authorities produced in the former Di&s;cour&s;e, I will yet bring in a cloud of witne&s;&s;es to con|firme this mine opinion. And in the fir&s;t place, I will &s;et downe &s;ome famous authors condemning this vromantical coniecture, and limiting and confining it within its lawfull li&s;ts and limits. Afterwards al&s;o &s;hall appeare how our iudgement may erre and mi&s;take, euen in &s;ome &s;uch di&s;ea&s;es as may &s;ometimes by the &s;ame be di&s;cerned: proceeding afterwards to in&s;tance in &s;ome particular di&s;ea&s;es: where &s;hall not be omitted the confutation of the erronious opinion of the vrines of women with child, as al&s;o of finding out of the &s;exe thereby. Then will we proceed to a particular confutation of all the parts of vrine; whereby &s;hall be &s;et downe the true v&s;e of the &s;ame. Now the fir&s;t author that &s;hall march in the auantgard of this batallion &s;hall be the learned <HI>Langius;</HI> and that both in regard of his great worth and
<PB N="13" REF="113"> learning, as al&s;o becau&s;e our former author (<HI>Fore&s;t</HI> I meane) had &s;ingled out the&s;e two following Epi&s;tles, as making for the &s;ame purpo&s;e to &s;et downe at the end of his di&s;cour&s;e of vrines, which I haue thought good with &s;ome other authorities to in|&s;ert into this place.</P>
<DIV3 TYPE="part">
<HEAD>Concerning Phy&s;itians who by the inspection of the &V;rine onely, do ra&s;hly and vnadui&s;edly pronounce their opinion concerning the nature and &s;ub&s;tance of any di&s;ea&s;e.</HEAD>
<P>It &s;eemeth not a little &s;trange to thee <HI>(kind go&s;&s;ip)</HI> how it &s;hould come to pa&s;&s;e that the fame and reputation of Germane Phy&s;itians &s;hould be &s;o little &s;et by either at home or abroad,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Langius tomo. <HI>1.</HI> epi&s;t. <HI>11.</HI></NOTE> &s;ince notwith&s;tanding, prai&s;ed be God, Germanie is a very fruitfull &s;oile, &s;tored with mo&s;t excellent wits, where the libe|rall Arts and &s;ciences do not a little flouri&s;h <HI>(in&s;omuch as that mo&s;t noble and illu&s;trius Picus Earle of Mirandole, truly prai&s;e-worthie and euer to be admired, as well for his high pedegree and no|ble de&s;cent, as for his excellent and admirable gifts in good learning, did witne&s;&s;e that the riuer of Tiber had now of late runne into the Rhene:)</HI> and yet for all this, the noble facultie of Phy&s;icke lyeth contemned and de&s;pi&s;ed.<NOTE PLACE="marg">In &s;ympo&s;io. de republica.</NOTE> The cau&s;es of the &s;ame I haue el&s;e|where declared to be diuers, whereof this is the chiefe, to wit, that the chiefe and principall part of Phy&s;icke diagno&s;ticke or &s;emioticke, which teacheth vs to know the nature, cau&s;es, and &s;ub&s;tance of the di&s;ea&s;e by the &s;ignes and grounds of the &s;ame, is either not knowne at all, or at lea&s;t altogether, in regard of their idlene&s;&s;e, neglected; while as the ordinarie &s;ort of Phy&s;i|tians do onely labour to know and di&s;cerne the nature and &s;ub|&s;tance of the di&s;ea&s;e by the &s;ole and fraudulent indication of the &s;tuckring vrine. But it is acknowledged of all true Phy&s;itians, that the ground and beginning of finding out aright the true method of curing di&s;ea&s;es, is the knowledge of the di&s;ea&s;e, to|gether with the place &s;ei&s;ed with the &s;ame, which is not knowne by the bare in&s;pection of the vrine onely, being but a doubtfull &s;igne; but (as <HI>Galen</HI> &s;aith well) the knowledge of the di&s;ea&s;e is collected by meanes of the place affected, together
<PB N="14" REF="114"> with the di&s;po&s;ition of the &s;ame be&s;ides nature: which being the internall cau&s;e of the di&s;ea&s;e (or the di&s;ea&s;e it &s;elfe) annoy|ing the action, it is no maruell if the &s;ignes of each be common to both: and thus is the di&s;ea&s;e and place affected di&s;cerned and knowne, both by the parts of the &s;ub&s;tance therof, the con|tents, adherents, the action intere&s;&s;ed, together with the acci|dents of the di&s;ea&s;e, from the parts of the &s;ub&s;tance of the part affected: as if we &s;hall perceiue any gri&s;tle of the windpipe to be &s;pit vp with coughing, it doth argue and indicate to vs an ex|ulceration of the lungs, together with a con&s;umption of the &s;ame. From the contents; as if thou &s;halt perceiue the chyle (that is, the meate receiued into the &s;tomacke and a little al|tered) or the ordure i&s;&s;ue out of a wound, thou maye&s;t from thence &s;afely collect that either the &s;tomack, or guts are woun|ded. Such things al&s;o as do adhere or grow to the part, do both declare the di&s;ea&s;e and the part annoyed therewith. For if vpon a fracture of the &s;cull there grow out little round lumps like vn|to little mu&s;hromes, it doth argue the dammage and hurt of the membrane or skin couering the braines. No le&s;&s;e doth the hurt of the action bewray as well the hurt of the organe and in|&s;trument of it, as the di&s;ea&s;e it &s;elfe: as the retention of the v|rine doth argue an ob&s;truction in the pipes conueighing the v|rine from the kidneyes to the bladder: or the exce&s;&s;iue fluxe of the &s;ame being crude and not concocted, doth argue the indi&s;|po&s;ition of the kidneyes. Ioyne yet with the former, as mo&s;t pregnant proofes and te&s;timonies of the di&s;ea&s;e, the&s;e in&s;epara|ble accidents of the &s;ame, commonly called <HI>pathognomonica,</HI> the which the di&s;ea&s;e it &s;elfe doth procure and beget: as a &s;tinging and pricking paine in the &s;ide, ioyned with a burning feauer, doth argue not onely a <HI>Pleuri&s;ie,</HI> but al&s;o that the skin or mem|brane which enuironeth the ribs is inflamed. And vnto all the afore&s;aid &s;ignes thou maye&s;t, if thou wilt, adde the intricate knowledge of the pul&s;e of the arteries, rather then the vncer|taine iudgement by vrine: the which as we do not altogether reiect,<NOTE PLACE="marg">The great care of the ancient Phy&s;itians in &s;earching out the &s;ignes of di&s;ea&s;es.</NOTE> &s;o do we not attribute &s;o much thereunto as the&s;e impo|&s;tors do. Now what extraordinarie paines &s;ome of the ancient Phy&s;itians tooke in &s;earching out any thing which might af|foord
<PB N="15" REF="114"> them any knowledge or in&s;ight in the nature of the di&s;|ea&s;e, thou maye&s;t from hence collect, that to the end they might more ea&s;ily find out the nature and qualitie of the hu|mour faulty and abounding in the bodie, they did ta&s;t of the very &s;weate that was rubbed off the bodie in the hotehou&s;es, as al&s;o of that &s;uperfluous matter found in the eares: like as the hor&s;e-leaches were wont to ta&s;te of the hor&s;es dung, whom for that cau&s;e that plea&s;ant Poet <HI>Ari&s;tophanes</HI> calleth <GAP LANG="grc" DESC="foreign" RESP="OXF">, what if by the authoritie of <HI>Hippocrates</HI> I &s;hould prooue, that the colour of the tongue, and the re&s;t of the bodie, giueth vs more a&s;&s;ured and certaine knowledge of the &s;tate of the hu|mours contained in the body and inward bowels, then the v|rine? And yet this the ordinarie &s;ort of vrine-monging Phy&s;i|tians will neuer be able to di&s;cerne, as not being pre&s;ent with the patient. For as in the yellow Iaundi&s;e, a yellow and &s;affron like colour of the skinne doth better declare any ob&s;truction of the gall-bagge, and an ouerflowing of choler ouer the whole bodie, then the vrine: &s;o doth in like &s;ort the leaden colour of the face, and the re&s;t of the bodie, demon&s;trate better vnto vs &s;ome indi&s;po&s;ition of the Liuer and &s;pleene then the v|rine. No le&s;&s;e al&s;o doth the colour of the tongue and ta&s;t, it fin|deth &amp; performeth the like. For &s;uch as is the humor abou~ding in the &s;tomacke or veines, e&s;pecially when it groweth fierce and vnruly, with &s;uch a colour and ta&s;t is the tongue mo&s;t com|monly imbrued. Wherefore well and learnedly &s;aid the wor|thy <HI>Hippocrates</HI> <GAP LANG="grc" DESC="foreign" RESP="OXF">, that is, the tongue giueth vs notice, as well of the &s;tate and nature of the vrine, as of all the re&s;t of the humours of the body. But if thou wilt yet further contend and conte&s;t with me, behold I will appeale to <HI>Galen,</HI> who ought to be as our common Mai&s;ter, &s;o Iudge al&s;o in &s;uch ca&s;es of controuer&s;ie.<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Lib.</HI> 4. <HI>&s;alub.</HI> The &s;weat a more generall &s;igne then the vrine.</NOTE> <HI>The &s;weate</HI> (&s;aith he) <HI>giueth vs notice of the humours &s;uperabounding in the whole bodie, but the vrine onely of &s;uch as are contained within the veines.</HI> And howbeit the&s;e be the chiefe elements and grounds of the mo&s;t principall part of phy&s;icke, called diagno&s;ticke, without which the other part called therapeuticke, or handling the cure of di&s;ea&s;es, cannot &s;ub&s;i&s;t, and that they be conuinced by mo&s;t pregnant proofes
<PB N="16" REF="115"> and te&s;timonies; yet will they neither giue place to the &s;ame, nor yet ob&s;erue and marke them: but tru&s;ting to the vrine one|ly,<NOTE PLACE="marg">De Alexan|drinorum medi|corum de&s;idia. Gal. lib. <HI>2.</HI> de na|tura humana. lib. <HI>6.</HI> epid. &amp; pa&s;&s;im alibi.</NOTE> loytering idle at home like the Phy&s;itians of Alexandria, and &s;itting in their chaires like <HI>Apolloes</HI> Prie&s;ts, or &s;ome old wi&s;e for|tune-teller by her cry&s;tal looking-gla&s;&s;e, it is a wonder to heare how doubtfully and perplexedly, without any &s;ight of the &s;icke, but looking on the vrine onely, they will with brazen faces prate of the patients &s;ickne&s;&s;e: yea further yet, will pronounce of life and death thereby; and that for &s;o &s;mall a gaine, as &s;carce would the mo&s;t common hedge-whore be hired for the &s;ame. What great ambiguitie and doubtfull &s;peeches <HI>(good Reader)</HI> need they here to v&s;e, le&s;t they be taken tripping? Now if it &s;hall happen that any old wife that bringeth the vrine &s;hall find them out, thou woulde&s;t wonder to &s;ee the<NOTE N="*" PLACE="marg">Victu Quinti|liane colorem.</NOTE> changes of their countenances. But as if this were yet a &s;mall matter, to prate by the &s;ight of the vrine onely,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Thus do mo&s;t of our practi&s;ing Par&s;ons and Vi|cars become &s;uddenly Phy&s;i|tians.</NOTE> they are not a&s;hamed to pre|&s;cribe phy&s;icke to the parties (whom they haue neuer &s;eene) and that by reading of bookes, of the which experiments they haue neuer made any triall at all: to whom thou maye&s;t mo&s;t iu&s;tly obiect the ancient Prouerbe.<NOTE N="*" PLACE="marg"><GAP LANG="grc" DESC="foreign" RESP="OXF">.</NOTE> <HI>A mariner by his booke or &s;ea card.</HI> But <HI>Hippocrates</HI> and the ancient Phy&s;itians of the race of <HI>A&s;clepiades,</HI> not &s;uperficially, but &s;olidly learned, did neuer &s;ettle their iudgements concerning the &s;ub&s;tance of the di&s;ea&s;e vpon the vrine alone: no nor yet if &s;ome contents had procee|ded from the &s;ub&s;tance of the kidneyes, bladder, or parts con|tained in them, and &s;o i&s;&s;ued out with the vrine: but did ra|ther by the colour, contents, &s;wim or &s;ublimation, ob&s;erue the &s;trength of the naturall parts about the liuer and &s;tomach, as likewi&s;e the concoction of the humours in the veines; to the end that in feuers they might find out the times of the &s;ame; and &s;o might more ea&s;ily foretell the time of the future cri&s;e, whether the &s;ame were like to be hopefull and healthfull, or dangerous and deadly; and withall to find out the fitte&s;t time for purging. The which <HI>Galen, Hippocrates</HI> his true interpreter, doth intimate vnto young Phy&s;itians in the&s;e words. <HI>The vrine giueth notice of the&s;e parts, to wit, the liuer, kidneyes, bladder, and the &s;trength of the ve&s;&s;els which containe the bloud, and the weake|ne&s;&s;e
<PB N="17" REF="115"> of the &s;ame, as al&s;o that facultie which engendreth the humors: but as concerning the infirmities of the braine, the chest, and lungs, there be other &s;ignes and &s;ymptomes of the &s;ame, whereby their di&s;ea|&s;es are di&s;cerned.</HI> All the&s;e things therefore the wi&s;e Phy&s;itian is to enquire, &s;earch, and find out, from the &s;icke him&s;elfe, and not from the vrine.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Dama&s;cenus in Aphori&s;m.</NOTE> For this cau&s;e well &s;aid <HI>Dama&s;cenus</HI> in his Aphori&s;mes: <HI>Concerning di&s;ea&s;es pronounce not ra&s;hly thine opi|nion, neither yet looke thou vpon the vrine, vntill &s;uch time as thou ha&s;t fir&s;t &s;eene the &s;icke, and of him demanded and found forth euery circum&s;tance belonging to the di&s;ea&s;e.</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Rhaz. in aphor.</NOTE> With him doth <HI>Rhazes</HI> an Arabian Phy&s;itian agree in his Aphori&s;mes, in the&s;e words: <HI>It becometh the Phy&s;itian to aske diuer&s;e que&s;tions of his patient, to the end he may attaine to the internall cau&s;e of the di&s;ea&s;e, that by &s;uch meanes he may afterwards be able to pronounce &s;ound iudgement ac|cording to rea&s;on: neither yet let him be a&s;hamed to aske of the pa|tient, whether the di&s;ea&s;e be within or without the veine.</HI> But our Phy&s;itians, being like vnto the lazie &s;edentarie Phy&s;itians of A|lexandria, le&s;t they &s;hould be by the vulgar people (who do commonly beleeue, that the Phy&s;itian knoweth all by the v|rine) taxed of ignorance, are a&s;hamed to aske of the patient the cau&s;es and &s;ymptomes of his di&s;ea&s;e. And to the end they may the better accommodate them&s;elues to the fooli&s;h humor of the &s;imple and more ignorant &s;ort, they are not a whit a|frayed to prate of di&s;ea&s;es by the in&s;pection of the vrine onely. But would to God the truth were with them in greater e&s;teeme then any popular applau&s;e, and that they would be warned by the Poet <HI>Per&s;ius:</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Si quid turbida Roma eleuar<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">t, &amp;c. Per&s;. &s;at. <HI>1.</HI></NOTE> <HI>If troubled Rome do too much disprai&s;e any thing, then not to re&s;t and relie vpon her iudgement:</HI> and that they would both ingenuou&s;ly confe&s;&s;e, and tell the people how frau|dulent and deceitfull, pernicious and lying, is this manner of in&s;pection of the vrine, brought in by &s;ome Phy&s;itians and im|po&s;tors of later dayes, to the great mi&s;chiefe of mankind. Then for certaine would they be more carefull and diligent in &s;ear|ching out the natures of di&s;ea&s;es by their cau&s;es, the hurt and hinderance of the action, as al&s;o by the <HI>Pathognomonicke</HI> &s;ignes: and then without all doubt &s;hould they cure a great many moe, as al&s;o by this meanes &s;hould their names become
<PB N="18" REF="116"> a great deale more famous, both among their owne friends and acquaintance, and among &s;trangers. And by this meanes al&s;o &s;hould the&s;e wandring and cozening rogues, impo&s;tors, apo|&s;taticall monks, perfidious Iewes, enemies to all Chri&s;tians, the ignorant Pari&s;h-Prie&s;ts, alchymi&s;ts, and all the rabble of &s;uch rake-hels, (but I had almo&s;t forgotten tho&s;e old trots, for|tunetellers) be thru&s;t out from profe&s;&s;ing phy&s;icke: all the which offenders not hauing learned &s;o much as the fir&s;t grounds and principles of naturall Philo&s;ophie or Phy&s;icke, do without controll or puni&s;hment trie their de&s;perate remedies, by the death of many a man. Wherefore there could nothing be deui&s;ed more profitable and beneficiall for the good of the commonwealth, then that at length all Chri&s;tian people were freed from the tyrannie and mi&s;chiefe of the&s;e cruell impo|&s;tors, who by meanes of the &s;ecret ob&s;eruation of the vrine, vnknowne to the vulgar &s;ort, do conceale their owne igno|rance, and haue, as drones do into the Bee-hiue, crept into this profe&s;&s;ion. By the premi&s;&s;es, I hope thou ha&s;t heard what is the cau&s;e that Phy&s;icke and the Profe&s;&s;ors of the &s;ame are not of &s;o high an e&s;teeme in the&s;e our countries at this time.</P>
</DIV3>
<DIV3 TYPE="part">
<HEAD>Of the differences of &s;ignes, by the which Phy&s;itians do di&s;cerne and know di&s;ea&s;es, and do pre&s;age the future i&s;&s;ue of the &s;ame.</HEAD>
<P><NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Epi&s;t.</HI> 83.</NOTE>As I heare, the&s;e barbarous and wicked per&s;ons, fal&s;ly a&s;&s;u|ming vnto them&s;elues the name of Phy&s;itians, do mutter and grumble again&s;t me, becau&s;e of condemning their mad, ra&s;h, and foole-hardie finding out of di&s;ea&s;es, by meanes of the vrine onely, for who&s;e &s;landerous backbiting I care not a ru&s;h. For &s;uch as cannot helpe, I &s;ee not how they can hurt me. No more can I conceiue what the Phy&s;itian can performe, as concerning the cure of the di&s;ea&s;e, being ignorant of the nature and e&s;tate of the &s;ame. For this cau&s;e the ancient Phy&s;itians did with great labour, trauell, and indu&s;trie, &s;earch out the cau&s;e, the nature and &s;ub&s;tance of the di&s;ea&s;e, from the which the indica|tions of remedies are deriued, and not from the vrine onely, but
<PB N="19" REF="116"> from the &s;ignes called Pathognomonicke, and from the whole concour&s;e of the &s;ymptomes or accidents: who did likewi&s;e deuide Phy&s;icke principally into two parts, to wit, that which we commonly call Therapeuticke, who&s;e mo&s;t large and com|mon &s;cope, is to cure di&s;ea&s;es by contrary remedies: and into that part which we call Diagno&s;ticke; who&s;e mo&s;t common &s;cope is to di&s;cerne the whole and &s;ound from the like, and the &s;icke and infirme from the whole, being vnlike the one to the o|ther. And this part of Phy&s;icke doth farre excell the other, to wit, the Therapeuticke, the which without the Diagno&s;ticke is of &s;mall v&s;e or profit. And becau&s;e it did lay open the perfect and ab&s;olute knowledge of the di&s;ea&s;e, by meanes of the &s;ignes Pathognomonicke, proper and peculiar to euery di&s;ea&s;e, toge|ther with the concurrence of accidents, which the Empiricks called <GAP LANG="grc" DESC="foreign" RESP="OXF"> (which were nothing el&s;e but the collection by ob&s;eruation of certaine accidents and circum&s;tances of di&s;|ea&s;es) the later Phy&s;itians therefore gaue it the name <GAP LANG="grc" DESC="foreign" RESP="OXF">, or that part of Phy&s;icke which handleth the &s;ignes of di&s;ea&s;es. Wherefore we cannot but much wonder at <HI>Galen,</HI> a man of &s;o great learning, who be&s;ides two hundreth and fiftie bookes written of diuer&s;e &s;ciences, and of all the other parts of Phy&s;icke aboue foure hundreth; all being likewi&s;e written in &s;o good order and method, that notwith&s;tanding he hath not brought to full perfection this &s;o noble a part of Phy&s;icke, called Diag|no&s;ticke, but onely di&s;per&s;edly here and there, e&s;pecially in that booke called the Con&s;titution or ordering of the Art of Phy|&s;icke, hath as it were &s;owne &s;ome &s;eeds of the &s;ame. But yet <HI>A|uicenna, Rhazes,</HI> and other Arabian Phy&s;itians, and &s;uch among the Greeks as haue written of late after <HI>Galen,</HI> as <HI>Paulus, Aegi|neta, Aetius, Actuarius,</HI> and <HI>Alexander Trallianus,</HI> following the foot&s;teps of the ancient Empiricks, did collect and gather together in euery &s;euerall Chapter which did di&s;cour&s;e of the di&s;ea&s;e, a great number of the &s;ignes and &s;euerall accidents of the &s;ame: but &s;o confu&s;edly and indi&s;tinctly, that hardly coul|de&s;t thou di&s;cerne one manner of &s;igne from another: in&s;omuch as thou maye&s;t, not without cau&s;e, call their Diagno&s;ticke Phy|&s;icke, the confu&s;ed chaos of <HI>Democritus.</HI> And further they do
<PB N="20" REF="117"> not in&s;truct vs &s;ufficiently what &s;igne of the di&s;ea&s;e doth argue or &s;hew foorth the greater or &s;maller &s;trength. But there is in Germanie at this day,<NOTE PLACE="marg">And in England al&s;o.</NOTE> a &s;ort of idle prating fellowes, more foo|li&s;h then any others, who, as if all the &s;ignes of euery di&s;ea&s;e were to be &s;eene in the vrine, are not a&s;hamed, by the &s;ole and bare in&s;pection thereof, to prate and pronounce &s;entence con|cerning the &s;ub&s;tance of the di&s;ea&s;e, and the life and death of the di&s;ea&s;ed, as hath bene &s;aid alreadie. To the end therefore that their impudencie may be made manife&s;t, and layd open to euery one, I purpo&s;e to in&s;ert &s;omething in this Epi&s;tle concer|ning the differences of &s;ignes, to the end that I may mini&s;ter occa&s;ion to &s;ome others more learned then my &s;elfe, to handle the &s;ame by an ab&s;olute &amp; exqui&s;ite method: the which taske I will al&s;o willingly vndertake for the good of the &s;icke, if I may obtaine &s;o much time and lei&s;ure, that at length this &s;o hainous a fault, and worthy of no &s;mall puni&s;hment, may be bani&s;hed from among the companie of all hone&s;t and ingenuous Phy&s;i|tians, and a right and perfect method, as well for di&s;cerning as for curing,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Diui&s;ion of the &s;ignes.</NOTE> may be &s;et downe. Now it is granted, as well among Phylo&s;ophers as Phy&s;itians, that the effects and accidents do indicate and declare their cau&s;es. It is likewi&s;e well knowne, that the accidents are nothing el&s;e but the effects of the di&s;po|&s;ition of the di&s;ea&s;e. No man therefore can deny, that the acci|dents (of which number are al&s;o the actions intere&s;&s;ed, and &s;ome things which e&s;&s;entially do adhere thereunto) do indicate and declare, as well the di&s;ea&s;e as the place affected, as being the harbour and receptacle of the &s;ame, and vnto which the re|medies ought to be applyed. Now as concerning the accidents, &s;ome of them are called by the Greekes <HI>Epiphaenomena,</HI> that is, &s;uch as do appeare indeed, but vani&s;h away againe before the di&s;ea&s;e be at an end: others againe called <HI>Pathognomonica,</HI> which being of the e&s;&s;ence of the di&s;ea&s;e, do both begin and end with the &s;ame. And the&s;e be in&s;eparable and certaine &s;ignes of the di&s;ea&s;e, the concour&s;e of which doth more certainly and truly declare vnto vs, the nature, manner, and kind of the di&s;ea&s;e, then any vrine can do. As a continuall feauer, together with a pric|king and &s;tinging paine in the &s;ide, a great cough and &s;hort|ne&s;&s;e
<PB N="21" REF="117"> of breath, when as they concurre together, and come as it were all at one in&s;tant, are euident and certaine &s;ignes of a <HI>Pleure&s;ie.</HI> But other accidents which do after &s;ucceed, are called <HI>Epiphaenomena</HI> or <HI>Synedreouonta,</HI> as if thou &s;houlde&s;t &s;ay, a&s;&s;e&s;|&s;ors or a&s;&s;i<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">tants to the di&s;ea&s;e, vnto the which al&s;o they are not in&s;eparably annexed, nor yet haue their originall together with the &s;ame; but for the mo&s;t part, either &s;eldome, or after a doubt|full manner, do accompanie the di&s;ea&s;e, not making vp the &s;ub|&s;tance, but certaine differences of di&s;ea&s;es. As in a <HI>Pleure&s;ie</HI> a red, bloudie, or yet yellowi&s;h &s;pittle, a paine extending it &s;elfe to the brea&s;t bone or neather part of the <HI>midriffe,</HI> watching, deliberation, and terrible dreames: the&s;e accidents are called a&s;&s;i&s;tant or accompanying, and do declare either the diffe|rence of the di&s;ea&s;e; or el&s;e the mildne&s;&s;e or malignitie of the &s;ame. Now it behooueth the Phy&s;itian to ponder and expend with him&s;elfe in &s;uch a concour&s;e of accidents equally, the &s;trength of euery accident apart, and to compare together &s;uch as be dangerous, with the other which do promi&s;e greater &s;ecu|ritie. For if tho&s;e which are dangerous do vanqui&s;h and ouer|come the &s;trength and vigour of nature, either by their force or number, then maye&s;t thou boldly pronounce, that danger is not farre from the doore. And againe on the contrary, if &s;uch as do promi&s;e &s;ecuritie be of greater power then the former, then &s;hall the &s;icke e&s;cape out of the deepe danger of <HI>Scylla</HI> and <HI>Cha|rybdis,</HI> and by the vertue and power of a happy <HI>Cri&s;i<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">,</HI> &s;aile forth into the hauen of health: and that yet more a&s;&s;uredly, if in the meane time perfect &s;ignes of concoction &s;hall appeare. A|mong&s;t &s;uch &s;ignes &s;ome are called <HI>Decretorie,</HI> or <HI>Iudicatorie;</HI> other &s;ignes of cruditie and concoction; others againe do fore|tell the &s;ecuritie or danger of the di&s;ea&s;e. Now the &s;ignes of concoction,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Signes of con|coction.</NOTE> after the beginning of the di&s;ea&s;e is pa&s;t ouer, and the humours by meanes of the naturall heate, well concocted, &s;eque&s;tred, and &s;eparated from that which is putride and cor|rupt, do appeare about the time of the increa&s;ing or vigour of the di&s;ea&s;e, in the <HI>vrine, &s;pittle, &s;uppuration of Impo&s;tumes, (which is not vnlike vnto concoction performed in the veines)</HI> as al|&s;o in other excretions: for the excretions of euery part of the
<PB N="22" REF="118"> body, as al&s;o of the humours, which are nothing el&s;e but the &s;uperfluities and relickes of concoction, do &s;hew foorth the in|di&s;po&s;ition of the &s;ame. Wherefore in the infirmities of the che&s;t, and in&s;truments of re&s;piration, a &s;pittle white, euen of an equall con&s;i&s;tence, is alwayes a good and laudable &s;igne of concoction. But if the &s;icke be not at all able to &s;pit out any thing, then doth it &s;hew foorth ab&s;olute cruditie; and if he &s;hould chance to &s;pit a &s;pittle without any mixture, being thin, wateri&s;h, &amp; of a leaden colour, or of the colour of verdigrea&s;e, it doth not onely argue cruditie, but doth al&s;o portend the vtter ouerthrow of the patient. But the vrine being an excretion of the &s;econd concoction, doth certainly &s;hew foorth the crudity and concoction of the humours contained in the veines, guts, liuer, and places adioyning, the &s;aid parts being annoyed, either with feauer, inflammation, Scirrhus, or yet any other di&s;tem|per what&s;oeuer. For if the &s;ame both in colour and &s;ub&s;tance be like vnto &s;uch vrines as are v&s;ually &s;eene in perfect health, ha|uing a re&s;idence white, euen, and like vnto well concocted matter, it doth truly witne&s;&s;e vnto vs, not onely the concoction of the di&s;ea&s;e, e&s;pecially in feauers, but al&s;o that the naturall force and power is a great deale &s;tronger then the di&s;ea&s;e, and therefore that it is like to obtaine the victorie in the conflict with the cri&s;is.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Vrine no Pa|thognomonick &s;igne of con|coction, and yet to be ob&s;erued.</NOTE> But by this meanes the vtine is no Pathogno|monicke &s;igne, and yet a nece&s;&s;arie &s;igne of concoction and cruditie, and worth the ob&s;eruing in feauers, di&s;ea&s;es of the neather belly or intrails, and places adioyning to them. Where|fore <HI>Galen</HI> in the expo&s;ition of the predictions of <HI>Hippocrates,</HI> doth grant, that the vrine doth &s;hew foorth and demon&s;trate the &s;tate and di&s;po&s;ition of the parts of the liuer, kidneyes, and bladder; as likewi&s;e of the &s;trength or weakne&s;&s;e of the ve&s;&s;els containing the bloud, and of the naturall power and vertue which is the ingenderer of the humours: howbeit the &s;ame <HI>Galen</HI> againe affirmeth, that there are other Pathognomonicke &s;ignes belonging to the braines, lungs, mother, &s;inewes, &amp;c. And yet notwith&s;tanding, might one, not without cau&s;e, a|uouch, that the vrine giueth notice of &s;ome infirmities of the place through which it pa&s;&s;eth, not primarily and principally,
<PB N="23" REF="118"> but by accident, to wit, by rea&s;on of the contents thereof, which are nothing el&s;e but excretions proceeding from tho&s;e parts which do conueigh and carrie the vrine. Wherefore <HI>Hippocra|tes</HI> witne&s;&s;eth, that if any do void by vrine, either <HI>grauell,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Praenot. lib. ex e|dit. Pre&s;. vel progno&s;t. <HI>2.</HI> ex e|dit. Heur. &amp; lib. de natura homi|nis circa finem.</NOTE> <HI>or little thinne &s;curfe, or matter like vnto &s;cales, or cour&s;e&s;t dre&s;&s;ings of bran, little gobbets of fle&s;h, congealed bloud, matter or &s;mall haires or threeds, like vnto the &s;mall veines knit together vnder the creuices taile;</HI> the&s;e things declare that the bladder is annoyed with a &s;cab, and the kidneyes with the &s;tone, &s;uppuration, the rup|ture of &s;ome veine, or &s;ome other infirmitie. But le&s;t any &s;hould ra&s;hly apply the &s;ignes of vrine to any other then the aforena|med di&s;ea&s;es, this famous father of Phy&s;itians doth adde imme|diatly: <HI>Take heed therefore le&s;t thou be deceiued, the party making &s;uch an vrine when the bladder is ami&s;&s;e; for then &s;uch vrines belong not to the whole body, but ought to be referred to the bladder onely.</HI> There is yet another fearefull and dangerous di&s;ea&s;e belonging to the kidneyes, called <HI>Diabete</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Diabete.</NOTE> or <HI>Poldrop&s;y;</HI> being an extraor|dinarie fluxe of the vrine, called of the Greekes by rea&s;on of this vn&s;atiable de&s;ire of drinking <HI>Dip&s;acus.</HI> This di&s;ea&s;e is an|&s;werable to the di&s;ea&s;e called <HI>Lienteria:</HI> and for this cau&s;e they are continually forced to drinke, all which being nothing at all changed, in colour, &s;ub&s;tance, or in &s;mell, they do voide forth againe as they receiued it, and that by rea&s;on of the imbecillity of the returning and altering powers and faculties of the kid|neyes. Now that &s;uch an vrine is the proper and pathognomo|nicke &s;igne of this di&s;ea&s;e, no man of vnder&s;tanding, I thinke, will denie. Followeth now the third &s;ort of &s;ignes of conco|ction of &s;uperfluities, to wit, the excretions of the bellie, be|longing to the fir&s;t concoction; the which being &s;oft, fa&s;hio|ned according to the concauitie of the guts, and &s;omewhat fa&s;tened or &s;tiffe, being al&s;o voyded at the accu&s;tomed time, and an&s;wering in proportion to the food receiued: then, as &s;aith <HI>Hippocrates,</HI> they do &s;hew forth and declare the &s;trength of the naturall faculties of the &s;tomacke, together with the good di|ge&s;tion thereof. The&s;e three &s;orts of &s;uperfluities then giue par|ticular notice of the proper &s;tate and di&s;po&s;ition of &s;uch parts of the bodie as they pa&s;&s;e thorow, together with the &s;trength of
<PB N="24" REF="119"> the naturall powers: and fir&s;t the &s;uperfluities of the meate do argue and declare the force and &s;trength of the &s;tomacke. For this cau&s;e the Emperour <HI>Antoninus</HI> his groomes of his &s;table did daily both ta&s;te and &s;mell to the ordure of his &s;tately hor&s;e, knowne by his greene furniture, to know whether he had well dige&s;ted his food or not. Now the vrines are &s;ignes of the &s;tate of the bloud in the <HI>veines,</HI> and di&s;po&s;ition of the <HI>Liuer,</HI> which is appointed to be the hote harth or kitchin for concoction of the humours. The &s;pittle in di&s;ea&s;es of the che&s;t, is vnto vs a &s;igne and token of concoction or cruditie: and tho&s;e of the fir&s;t &s;ort, to wit, of cruditie, are for the mo&s;t part euill, and often proue very dangerous: the others againe are often me&s;&s;engers of an healthfull and long looked for <HI>cri&s;is:</HI> whence is this &s;aying of <HI>Hippocrates: Concoction doth portend and &s;ignifie both the &s;pee|dine&s;&s;e of the cri&s;e and a&s;&s;ured health: but on the contrarie, cruditie doth menace and threaten either the breaking forth of &s;ome tumour, or great &s;welling, or el&s;e &s;ome great paine or griefe, or yet a relap&s;e into the &s;ame di&s;ea&s;e againe.</HI> There are yet many moe decretorie &s;ignes which concerne the future <HI>cri&s;e,</HI> as al&s;o diuer&s;e progno|&s;ticke &s;ignes fore&s;hewing life or death, the full explication of which would rather require a great volume then an Epi&s;tle (the which haue bene exactly de&s;cribed by <HI>Hippocrates,</HI>) but e&s;peci|ally the intricate &s;ignes of prediction by the pul&s;e, as al&s;o the &s;ignes both of the di&s;ea&s;e it &s;elfe, and of the place affected or intere&s;&s;ed; the which al&s;o I willingly pa&s;&s;e ouer, by rea&s;on that their power, force, efficacie, and &s;ignification, doth depend vp|pon the &s;ignes of concoction; neither are there any among&s;t all the &s;ignes of concoction more nece&s;&s;arie for the Phy&s;itians v&s;e, then the&s;e <HI>pathognomonicke</HI> &s;ignes. And tell me, I pray thee, how &s;hall the Phy&s;itian euer be able to cure vncouth and vn|knowne di&s;ea&s;es, vnle&s;&s;e the <HI>pathognomonicke</HI> &s;ignes fir&s;t lay them open to his view and con&s;ideration; in the finding out of which, the ancients tooke &s;o great paines, as hath bene &s;aid al|readie. But &s;ince it is not the worke of the Phy&s;itian, but of na|ture, to concoct and cure di&s;ea&s;es, it &s;hall be very needfull for the Phy&s;itian to know a&s;&s;uredly the vigor and &s;trength of the naturall power and force, whether it be like to ouercome the
<PB N="25" REF="119"> di&s;ea&s;e, or to faint vnder the burden of it&punc; by which meanes we &s;hall attaine vnto more certaine and a&s;&s;ured &s;ignes of life and death, then euer did tho&s;e &s;ooth&s;ayers and wizards, whom the Romanes did maintaine for the benefit of their &s;icke people; who&s;e prophecies and predictions no man of &s;ound iudgement will euer beleeue to containe any matter of truth. But &s;uch progno&s;ticke &s;ignes as are collected from concoction, are &s;o firme and &s;ure, that <HI>Galen</HI> doth boa&s;t and brag, that he was ne|uer by them deceiued. Now our pi&s;&s;e-prophet Phy&s;itians are either vtterly ignorant of them, or el&s;e notwith&s;tanding &s;et light by them: who, notwith&s;tanding, &s;itting idle at home, are nothing at all a&s;hamed, by the vrine alone to deliuer their <HI>Del|phian</HI> oracles concerning all di&s;ea&s;es: who neuerthele&s;&s;e, haue neuer &s;o much as ta&s;ted of this &s;o noble part of Phy&s;icke called <HI>diagnosticke,</HI> without the which the other, to wit, <HI>therapeu|ticke,</HI> can neuer &s;ub&s;i&s;t: yet are they neither a&s;hamed to a&s;&s;ume vnto them&s;elues the cure of vnknowne di&s;ea&s;es, nor yet to arro|gate and v&s;urpe the name of Phy&s;itians. Farewell, and write backe vnto me againe, after what method and order this <HI>diag|no&s;ticke</HI> part of Phy&s;icke ought to be both written and taught. Thus farre <HI>Langius.</HI></P>
<P>We will now proceed to &s;ome moe authorities, prouing the impo&s;ture committed by &s;ome, a&s;&s;uming to them&s;elues the skill of di&s;cerning any di&s;ea&s;e by the in&s;pection of the vrine onely; and then will we produce &s;ome authorities to tell vs what di&s;ea&s;es may by the vrine be &s;eene, and how in the verie &s;ame we may &s;ometimes be deceiued.</P>
<P><HI>From the premi&s;&s;es it may plainly appeare,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Iohann. Michael. Sauonar. lib. de vrin. cap. <HI>1.</HI></NOTE> <HI>how ea&s;ily &s;uch Phy&s;i|tians are deceiued, who tru&s;t too much to the iudgement of the vrine onely: for &s;uch may well be compared to the vulgar &s;ort of people, who are of opinion that not onely the di&s;ea&s;e it &s;elfe, but euen the primitiue or externall cau&s;e may al&s;o be &s;eene in the &s;ame: as did appeare by that clowne who reproched a very learned Phy&s;itian, becau&s;e he could not di&s;cerne his cart and oxen in his vrine. Now that this our a&s;&s;ertion is true, it may ea&s;ily appeare, in that the vrine may alter and change vpon diuer&s;e occa&s;ions: as by the quantitie and qualitie of diet: by rea&s;on of exce&s;&s;iue motion: by plentifull euacuation, &amp;c.</HI></P>
</DIV3>
<DIV3 TYPE="part">
<PB N="26" REF="120">
<HEAD>Of the erronius and prepo&s;terous iudgement of di&s;ea&s;es by vrine.</HEAD>
<P><NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Hi&s;torie.</HI> Diomedes Corna|rius, lib. con&s;il. medicinal. de hi&s;tor. admirand. raris.</NOTE>Georgius Rithamer a Gentleman of &V;ienna, being incited by the great concour&s;e of people which did daily in &s;o great abundance flocke about this ba&s;e roguing and cozening Empiricke (who came hither of late) to heare his opinion concerning their vrines, woulds needs like|wi&s;e in &s;ome matter heare his opinion. Hauing di&s;cour&s;ed a little with this Scoggin concerning the errand he came for, ca&s;ting his eyes vpon the table, he espied a Greeke booke lying vpon the &s;ame, where|upon he began pre&s;ently to &s;mell out his knauerie.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Of &s;uch ba&s;e &s;tuffe we are not vnfurni&s;hed here at home.</NOTE> For this cozening varlet was altogether ignorant of all manner of learning and good li|terature, in&s;omuch that he could &s;carce &s;peake two Latine words: and as for the Greeke, &s;o farre was he from vnder&s;tanding the &s;ame, that he knew not &s;o much as one letter of that language, as being brought vp vnder an Empiricke as ignorant as him&s;elfe. He afterwards con|fe&s;&s;ed vnto vt, that the &s;toue where he lodged had two doores, at one of the which people ordinarily entred to talke with him: the other ioyned clo&s;e to the kitchin, at the which a blind woman went out &amp; in, who asked people before they came to &s;peake with the Impo&s;tor, what their errand was: and then hauing learned what &s;he would, returned againe by the &s;ame way, acquainting the villaine with the whole mat|ter and &s;euerall circum&s;tances: by which meanes he did exceedingly abu&s;e the &s;impler &s;ort of people. It came to pa&s;&s;e another time, that a certaine graue matrone did mo&s;t earne&s;tly require that &s;he might haue acce&s;&s;e to him (for he would not ea&s;ily admit euery one to his pre&s;ence, to the end his credit might &s;eeme the greater) affirming likewi&s;e to this blind woman, that her hu&s;band was now readie to dye by rea&s;on of his exce&s;&s;iue bleeding at the no&s;e, vnle&s;&s;e he had &s;ome pre&s;ent reme|die prouided. She being at length let in, he told her pre&s;ently without asking her any que&s;tion, thy hu&s;band bleedeth at the no&s;e, and &s;o wrote her downe &s;ome thing in a paper, with the which &s;he departed, &amp; eue|ry where did magnifie and extoll the great skill of this notorius coze|ning raskall. <HI>O mo&s;t execrable fraud and impo&s;ture!</HI> And yet now adayes, not a few, not without great hurt and preiudice to the poore di&s;tre&s;&s;ed patients, do thus increa&s;e their meanes, and by the like im|po&s;ture
<PB N="27" REF="120"> purcha&s;e to them&s;elues no &s;mall gaine. Such a one is that no|table impostor, the Iew I meane, practi&s;ing his impo&s;ture at &V;ienna, the&s;e many yeares by pa&s;t. <HI>But heare againe the cunning impo|&s;ture of another of the&s;e knaues, recorded by the &s;ame author.</HI></P>
<P>It is not vnknowne to many,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Another.</HI> Idem ibidem.</NOTE> how that a few yeares ago there liued here a certaine cozening knaue, who by the bare in&s;pection of the v|rine onely did mo&s;t boldly and confidently affirme, that euery one who&s;e vrine was brought to him was either &s;urpri&s;ed with that feauer co~|monly called Synochus; or el&s;e would tell them &s;ome &s;trange and more then ridiculous and mon&s;trous tales: as that &s;ome drop of bloud was fallen downe from the heart into the neather belly, &amp; &s;o had produced the di&s;ea&s;e; or el&s;e that the heart was enuironed about, as it were with &s;ome bonds, which did bind it hard, with many other &s;uch ridi|culous conceits. After the deliuerie of this his &s;o ridiculous vrinarie oracles, he pre&s;cribed mo&s;t commonly for euery one to &s;weat; admini|&s;tring to this end and purpo&s;e this medicine following, well knowne to euery Apothecaries apprentice: to wit, a litle &V;enice treacle, min|gled with a litle Campher: and after their &s;weating, he cau&s;ed them bleed abundantly. In this age wherein we liue, there is euery where in the&s;e our countries &s;o great and &s;o frequent a number of them, which without any controll or puni&s;hment, euen in the best Cities and townes, both whores and Iewes, as al&s;o any de&s;perate villaine, and bold ignorant Empirickes, do kill and de&s;troy the &s;imple and ignorant peo|ple. And all of them by meanes of this &s;o nece&s;&s;arie a &s;igne doth no|thing el&s;e but practi&s;e their impo&s;ture. Surely &s;uch rogues ought mo&s;t &s;euerely and exemplarily to be publickely puni&s;hed, and to be bani&s;hed out of all well gouerned Cities and commonwealths; like as we &s;ee rob|bers and theeues by the high wayes to be driuen out of the thickets and forre&s;ts to be puni&s;hed. But alas, &s;o farre are we from bani&s;hing this abu&s;e, that many of good worth among&s;t our &s;elues, haue required, and do yet require, not of my &s;elfe alone, but of many others al&s;o both iudicious and learned Phy&s;itians, that by the &s;ole in&s;pection of the v|rine, without any further inqui&s;ition or artificiall coniecture going be|fore, we &s;hould Prophet-like tell them, whether the vrine be a mans or a womans; of what age the partie is, what is the nature of the di&s;ea&s;e; as al&s;o what the antecedent and primitiue cau&s;e of the di&s;ea&s;e may be: and whether they haue contracted the &s;ame by drinking of bad
<PB N="28" REF="121"> wines, by eating too many puddings, or any &s;uch like thing. Now if thou &s;halt herein profe&s;&s;e thy &s;elfe ignorant, and can&s;t not Lyncius-like &s;ee all this and more in the vrine, thou &s;halt heare them reply, thou art a dunce, knowing nothing, and that they haue bene with them who haue told them wonders by the water. Thou &s;ee&s;t then how ab|&s;urd an opinion is crept in, not among the vulgar &s;ort onely, but euen among many others al&s;o, who would &s;eeme to be of a more refined vn|der&s;tanding; as al&s;o what great danger doth from hence ari&s;e. But yet when as in &s;ome ca&s;es, with certaine cautions, we do attribute &s;ome certainty to the vrine, in giuing vs &s;ome notice either of the &s;ecuritie of the di&s;ea&s;e, or yet the danger of the &s;ame: we are &s;o farre from maintaining and vpholding &s;uch ba&s;e bold varlets, that we de&s;ire no|thing more, then the driuing of &s;uch dunces out of all well gouerned countries and commonwealthes.</P>
<P><HI>But now let vs proceed to declare the vncertainty of this &s;igne, together with the limitation of the &s;ame to &s;ome cer|taine di&s;ea&s;es, wherein it giueth vs be&s;t &s;atisfaction: and we will begin with the famous</HI> Fernel.</P>
<P><NOTE PLACE="marg">Fernel. Pathol. lib. <HI>3.</HI> cap. <HI>8.</HI></NOTE>Now the vrine if it be neither mingled with too much drinke, or with &s;ome other mixture, giueth vs cleare and euident notice of the qualitie of the humours contained in the Liuer and great veines: but more ob&s;curely of &s;uch as are contained in the &s;mall veines and euery part of the bodie. <HI>And a little after.</HI></P>
<P>It doth in like manner euidently declare and &s;et forth the infirmi|ties of &s;uch parts as it pa&s;&s;eth through: as of the kidneyes, the vrine-pipes, the bladder and the yard. For although it make no long abode nor &s;tay in tho&s;e pa&s;&s;ages, yet doth it clean&s;e away any filth or vn|cleanne&s;&s;e if any there be. For this cau&s;e doth it &s;hew forth the infir|mities of &s;uch parts as it doth immediatly touch. <HI>And againe after|wards.</HI></P>
<P>But now becau&s;e the cu&s;tome hath &s;o preuailed, that be&s;ides the premi&s;&s;es, many there are who like Prophets will &s;eeme to diuine and coniecture by the &s;ole in&s;pection of the vrine, many things which con|cerne the di&s;ea&s;e: who&s;oeuer therefore for gaining of a little vaine|glorie and popular applau&s;e, will accommodate him&s;elfe to imitate them, let him first of all reckon vp at once what&s;oeuer he knoweth by the vrine. For by the exchange of many words fooli&s;h wits are ea&s;ily
<PB N="29" REF="121"> entrapped, &amp;c. <HI>And then concludeth thus:</HI> Who&s;oeuer then &s;hall vrge the Phy&s;itian, as if he were &s;ome Prophet, by ra&s;h aduenturing, to deliuer his iudgement concerning the &s;icke by the &s;ole in&s;pection of the vrine, &s;hall carrie backe but vncertaintie; and for the mo&s;t part nothing but doubting for their paines. But he or &s;he who after a wi&s;e and di&s;creete maenner doth craue the coun&s;ell of an vnder&s;tanding Phy&s;itian, &s;hall reape for his paines the fruite of good and whole&s;ome aduice.</P>
<P><HI>Now let vs heare againe what the</HI> Italian Sauonarola <HI>&s;ayes to this bu&s;ine&s;&s;e.</HI></P>
<P>From the premi&s;&s;es then we may conclude,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sauonarolo loco &s;upra citato.</NOTE> that the knowledge we haue of the vrine doth principally concerne the Liuer; and the gibbous or backe part of the &s;ame chiefly. Next, and in the &s;econd place, con|cerning the infirmities of the veines: thirdly, and last of all, the in|firmities of the other parts of the bodie. <HI>And a little after.</HI> From whence we may inferre, that the iudgement taken from the vrine one|ly, but e&s;pecially of mo&s;t other parts of the bodie, excepting the Liuer, is not of any power or efficacie. Mercatus <HI>a learned</HI> Spani&s;h Phy&s;i|tian <HI>attributeth as much to the &s;weat as to the vrine. But heare him&s;elfe &s;peake.</HI></P>
<P>Now comming to the infirmities of the Liuer,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercatus tom. <HI>2.</HI> lib. <HI>3.</HI> pag. <HI>25.</HI> edit. Palih. <HI>1608.</HI></NOTE> we mu&s;t declare and lay open &s;uch predictions as are taken from the vrine and the &s;weat: for the&s;e two do giue vs certaine notice and knowledge, not onely of this part and the veines, but &s;ometimes al&s;o they prooue to be cer|taine &s;ignes of the &s;tate of the nouri&s;hing or vegetable power ouer the whole bodie.<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Tom.</HI> 2. <HI>pag.</HI> 492.</NOTE> <HI>The &s;ame author in another place giueth the pul&s;e a great preheminence aboue the vrine in many di&s;ea&s;es, but e|&s;pecially in &s;uch as concerne the vitall facultie; which place, as many others to the &s;ame purpo&s;e out of many learned and ap|proued authors, for breuitie I will here pa&s;&s;e by. But</HI> Liddel, <HI>howbeit a late, yet a learned Phy&s;itian, and borne in our owne Iland, becau&s;e he &s;peaketh &s;o to the purpo&s;e in this point of v|rine now in hand, I could not nor would not pa&s;&s;e by.</HI></P>
<P>Wherefore &s;ince the vrines do chiefly proceed from the &s;uperfluitie of the parts of the bodie,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Duncan. Liddel. art med. ib. <HI>4.</HI> cap. <HI>8.</HI></NOTE> they can giue vs but a generall knowledge of the di&s;ea&s;e, giuing vnto vs most euident notice of the good or bad di&s;|po&s;ition of the Liuer, the veines, the bloud, and humours contained
<PB N="30" REF="122"> in them, as likewi&s;e of the concoction or cruditie of the humors with|in the veines. Next, they &s;hew forth the di&s;po&s;ition of &s;uch parts as they pa&s;&s;e by, to wit, of the kidneyes, vreters, or vrine-pipes, and the bladder: together with &s;uch parts who&s;e &s;uperfluities they carrie with them: but do nothing &s;o well &s;et foorth the &s;tate and di&s;po&s;ition of &s;uch parts as they do not touch, and from the which they receiue no excre|tions or &s;uperfluities. <HI>Againe in the end of the Chapter:</HI> But we mu&s;t not ra&s;hly pronounce our opinion concerning the di&s;ea&s;e, or yet of the euent thereof, tru&s;ting &s;olely to the&s;e &s;ignes of the vrine, except we be fir&s;t acquainted with the &s;tate and con&s;titution of the partie, and other accidents and occurrences which do concerne him. For &s;ome|times in di&s;ea&s;es void of danger, the vrines are farre vnlike to them which do appeare in perfect health, and do &s;hew them&s;elues in a mo&s;t hideous and fearefull forme, especially vpon the approaching of the cri&s;is; or when as vpon the &s;udden, by the vigour and &s;trength of na|ture, the ob&s;tructions being opened, a great part of the faultie matter is expelled forth by the vrine. On the other &s;ide againe, in dangerous and deadly di&s;ea&s;es, as in Pe&s;tilentiall and Hecticke feauers, the v|rines cannot be di&s;cerned from tho&s;e that are made in perfect health: by rea&s;on that the malignitie of the di&s;ea&s;e hath &s;eized vpon the &s;olid &s;ub&s;tance of the heart, and therefore the whole matter of the di&s;ea&s;e hauing the cour&s;e thither, there is no portion nor part of the &s;ame to be &s;eene in the vrine.</P>
<P><HI>It were no hard matter for me to make an enumeration of many moe authors, tending all to the &s;ame purpo&s;e, and &s;o to fill vp many moe pages, the which, I thinke, would be but to &s;mall purpo&s;e, &s;ince the&s;e few may &s;uffice in &s;tead of many moe, all being of the &s;ame mind. Now howbeit the vncertaintie of this &s;igne hath &s;ufficiently bene proued by the preceeding di&s;|cour&s;e, and it were ea&s;ie for me to make vp a large volume con|cerning this particular onely, the which howbeit it be not my purpo&s;e, yet before I proceed to the vncertaintie of the &s;ame in di&s;ea&s;es of the</HI> Liuer, <HI>and within the</HI> veines, <HI>I will in&s;tance in two or three particular di&s;ea&s;es. The fir&s;t &s;hall be of an impo|&s;tume in the head.</HI></P>
<P><NOTE PLACE="marg">Hi&s;torie.</NOTE>In the yeare <HI>1617.</HI> in the beginning of Ianuarie, a young Gen|tlewoman vnmaried, and daughter to a Gentleman of worth dwel|ling
<PB N="31" REF="122"> not farre from <HI>NORTHAMPTON,</HI> the &s;ea&s;on being very cold,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Deceitfulne&s;&s;e of the vrine in an impo&s;tume and paine of the head.</NOTE> and &s;he before of a cra&s;ie con&s;titution, was &s;uddenly &s;urpri&s;ed with &s;wounding fits, which ended with an extreame paine, especially about the crowne of her head, being accompanied with a &s;uppre&s;&s;ion of her monethly di&s;ea&s;e. The paine was for certaine dayes without inter|mi&s;&s;ion, how&s;oeuer &s;ometimes &s;ome remi&s;&s;ion might be ob&s;erued: as likewi&s;e both in her pul&s;e and vrine &s;ignes of a feauer did plainly ap|peare. After I had v&s;ed diuers meanes of diuer&s;ion, as well by Phlebo|tomie and attractiue gli&s;ters, as by other meanes, not neglecting hyp|noticke, cordiall, and deoppilatiue medicines, according to the &s;eue|rall occurrences, the di&s;ea&s;e gaue her &s;ome rea&s;onable time of inter|mi&s;&s;ion, with &s;ome alleuiation of the accidents. The vrine al&s;o after a few dayes, began to flatter vs with a faire and laudable colour, &s;hort|ly &s;econded with contents an&s;werable. The pul&s;e played his part al&s;o, and di&s;&s;embled as well as his neighbour. The Gentlewoman to any outward appearance, the very day before her death, was like to haue liued many, not onely dayes but yeares al&s;o: mouing and &s;tirring with great alacritie and chearefulne&s;&s;e vp and downe her chamber, bu&s;ied about her ordinarie employments. When behold, he who &s;pareth not the mightie&s;t Monarchs, on an euening knocking &s;uddenly, de|mands his debt long before his day, and would &s;carce allow her full two houres respit for the payment of the &s;ame. After death i&s;&s;ued out of her mouth and no&s;e great abundance of corrupt bloud and matter, as was afterwards told me; giuing vs intelligence of an Impo&s;tume in the head, which had occa&s;ioned, not the former accidents onely, but euen death it &s;elfe al&s;o.</P>
<P><HI>About the &s;ame time in this towne and countrey about vs, diuer&s;e were &s;urpri&s;ed with Impo&s;tumes, both in the head and other parts, whereof diuer&s;e died, among the re&s;t my coun&s;ell was craued for a maid about twentie yeares of age, &s;uddenly &s;uffocated by an Impo&s;tume in her &s;tomach, which after her death did appeare, by the great abundance of bloud and mat|ter ca&s;t out of her mouth. At my coming to her, I found her depriued as well of &s;peech, as of &s;en&s;e and rea&s;on, and &s;carce liued aboue 2. houres after my departure. But I will now relate a true hi&s;torie of the deceitfulne&s;&s;e of the vrine in a con&s;ump|tion of the Lungs.</HI></P>
<PB N="32" REF="123">
<P><NOTE PLACE="marg">Another. In an vlcer of the Lungs.</NOTE>In Aprill <HI>1622.</HI> my coun&s;ell and per&s;onall pre&s;ence for a Gentle|woman in Bedford&s;hire being de&s;ired, I repaired thither, where I found her infirmity to be a Quotidian feauer, accompanied with &s;ome accidents which did &s;omewhat amaze her. During my abode in that place, there was brought to me the vrine of a young Gentleman dwel|ling hard by, to haue my opinion of the &s;ame. Hauing well viewed it, I found it both in colour and contents, an&s;werable to the mo&s;t health|full mans vrine. But after certaine interrogatories, I found that he had bene for a long time troubled with a cough. Being de&s;ired to &s;ee the partie, I found that he had bene for a long time vexed with this cough, accompanying an vlcer in the lungs: and &s;eeing in him &s;trength now decayed, with an<NOTE N="*" PLACE="marg">Of the Hip|pocraticall face &s;ee our arraign|m<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">nt of vrines. lib. 3. cap. 3.</NOTE> Hippocraticall face, deaths tru&s;tie me&s;&s;enger, I left him to the Progno&s;ticke, which within le&s;&s;e then the &s;pace of three weeks was verified.</P>
<P><HI>Now would I willingly demand of the mo&s;t cunning Pi&s;&s;e-prophet, what could he haue found out by either of the&s;e v|rines? or could he euer haue attained to the height and depth of the&s;e di&s;ea&s;es, by the bare in&s;pection of the vrine onely? And if he had bene beholden to the v&s;e of the be&s;t per&s;pectiue gla&s;&s;e that euer was made, could he euer haue &s;eene any &s;uch matter in the vrine? But concerning this point we will here &s;urcea&s;&s;e, and proceed to the di&s;ea&s;es within the veines.</HI></P>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 N="3" TYPE="chapter">
<HEAD><HI>CHAP. III.</HI> That euen in di&s;ea&s;es of the Liuer, and within the veines, the vrine doth often deceiue the mo&s;t skilfull Phy&s;itian.</HEAD>
<P>_NOw it may &s;eeme a &s;mall matter to in&s;tance in diuer&s;e di&s;ea&s;es without the veines, the vncer|taintie of iudgement in di&s;ea&s;es by the vrine onely; but it will, perhaps, &s;eeme more perti|nent to declare, that the like vncertaintie &s;ome|times is found in &s;ome &s;uch di&s;ea&s;es as &s;eeme to affoord vs greater certaintie, as in feauers, &amp;c. Now that the vrine is not alwayes a certaine &s;igne in euery feauer, may from
<PB N="33" REF="123"> hence appeare,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Leo Rogan. lib. <HI>3.</HI> de prouid. ex vrin. cap. vlt.</NOTE> that often in that feauer commonly called <HI>Syno|chus cum vel &s;ine putredine,</HI> that is, that kind of continuall feauer which proceedeth from the abundance of bloud, with or with|out putrefaction, the vrine differeth little or nothing from the vrines of &s;uch as liue in perfect health,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Paulus Aegineta lib. <HI>2.</HI> cap. <HI>27.</HI></NOTE> as witne&s;&s;eth <HI>Paulus Ae|gineta.</HI> The rea&s;on why &s;uch vrines proceeding of &s;o hote a cau&s;e, yet do not appeare of &s;o high a colour, is becau&s;e of the &s;ame immoderate and exce&s;&s;iue heare, which being increa&s;ed by meanes of the feauer, conuerteth the bloud it &s;elfe into the nature of choler: and thus are &s;uch vrines not of &s;o high inten&s;e a colour, as tho&s;e which proceed of choler. Hence al&s;o may the error of &s;uch Phy&s;itians ea&s;ily appeare,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Dangerous er|rors.</NOTE> who neuer admit of Phlebotomie, but when the vrine is of high and inten&s;e red colour; thinking that this doth alwayes argue abundance of bloud, which neuerthele&s;&s;e is mo&s;t fal&s;e, as hath bene &s;aid. And be&s;ides, in that the vrines affoord vs but &s;ome generall notice of the cruditie and concoction of the di&s;ea&s;e, they can neuer informe our iudgement, whether the feauer be primarie or a principall gue&s;t, or &s;ymptomaticall accompanying the di&s;ea&s;e as the &s;hadow doth the bodie, as is to be &s;eene in <HI>Pleure&s;ies</HI> and diuers other internall inflammations: which is, notwith|&s;tanding of no &s;mall moment for the methodicall curing of the di&s;ea&s;e. And yet moreouer, how can&s;t thou euer tell whether it be an intermittent or continuall feauer by this vncertaine &s;igne? Neither <HI>Hippocrates</HI> nor <HI>Galen</HI> did euer pre&s;ume to know &s;o much; how&s;oeuer <HI>Actuarius</HI> in this, as in many other things concerning this point, hath troubled him&s;elfe more then he needed. But againe, what if the feauer be compo&s;ed of di|uers humours, melancholy being one, which will not alwayes colour the vrine?<NOTE PLACE="marg">Galen lib. <HI>2.</HI> de cri&s;. cap. <HI>3.</HI> &amp; <HI>6.</HI></NOTE> <HI>Galen</HI> him&s;elfe in&s;tructing vs what vrines ac|companie a Quartane in the beginning of the &s;ame, &s;aith, they are thin, white, and wateri&s;h: and a little after, he a&s;cribes the like vrines to the beginning of a Quotidian. And I know for certaine, that &s;ometimes in the beginning of a Quartane, the vrine cannot be di&s;cerned from a &s;ound and healthfull mans. And handling hereafter the colours of vrines, I &s;hall make it ap|peare, that the&s;e thin, white, wateri&s;h vrines, do often accom|panie
<PB N="34" REF="124"> other di&s;ea&s;es. It is al&s;o worth the ob&s;eruation, that <HI>Ga|len</HI> him&s;elfe, where as of &s;et purpo&s;e he handleth both the diffe|rences and &s;ignes of feauers, maketh &s;o &s;mall account of the vrine, that he neither nameth it among the &s;ignes of the Quo|tidian, Tertian, Quartane, nor yet of &s;uch as are continuall or without intermi&s;&s;ion.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Timoth. Brichius Cantabrig. lib. de med. the. <HI>1.</HI> aph. pag. <HI>94.</HI></NOTE> And a learned Phy&s;itian borne in this kingdome, &s;etting downe all the &s;ignes of a Tertian, not omit|ting the pul&s;e, yet maketh no mention of the vrine. But what if any malignitie be ioyned with a feauer, may it not marre thy iudgement? It hath euer bene &s;o agreed vpon by the learned, and daily experience teacheth vs this truth, that when greate&s;t danger is neare&s;t, it is then there lea&s;t of all to be di&s;cerned. But concerning this point, heare yet the authoritie of a learned man borne within this land,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Iohannes Caius Britannus de Ephemera Bri|tannica, pag. <HI>136.</HI></NOTE> &s;peaking of that fearefull and terrible feauer, called commonly the &s;weating &s;ickne&s;&s;e.</P>
<P><HI>The vrine in this di&s;ea&s;e was &s;omewhat coloured, thicke in &s;ub|&s;tance, variable and incon&s;tant in the &s;wimme and &s;ublimation (for nature kept no certaine rule or order by rea&s;on of the violence of the venome) and in all other parts kept within compa&s;&s;e.</HI></P>
<P>Now to any vulgar eye, &s;o great danger in the like vrine could neuer haue appeared. I my &s;elfe haue viewed many more dangerous to the outward appearance, and yet neither death nor danger was to be feared. The <HI>vrines in maligne and pe&s;tilent feauers</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">The vrines in maligne and pe|&s;tilent feauers very deceitfull.</NOTE> are very variable and hard to lay hold on. In &s;ome the vrine differeth nothing from a healthfull mans: &s;ometimes a|gaine but a little, as in this la&s;t in&s;tance. Againe, in others it fol|loweth the nature of the humour, &s;hewing onely the abun|dance and putrefaction of the humours; as I my &s;elfe ob&s;erued 1610. at London in a lu&s;tie young fellow, &s;eruant to a Gentle|man a friend of mine, and dwelling in the Strand neare to Cha|ring-cro&s;&s;e.</P>
<P><NOTE PLACE="marg">Hi&s;torie.</NOTE><HI>This fellowes vrine was very high coloured, with a copious re&s;i|dence of red and &s;ome yellow contents: and the feauer kept the pe|riod of an intermittent Tertian ague, as was related vnto me; and was accompanied with a painefull &s;welling in the throate: his bodie plethoricke and cacochymicke, and of a &s;trong con&s;titution, and in the Aprill of his age. For this cau&s;e I pre&s;cribed both phlebotomie and
<PB N="35" REF="124"> other euacuations. But the noi&s;e of the neighbours about, affirming it to be the Plague (as it proued indeed, many of them dying &s;hortly of the &s;ame di&s;ea&s;e) was the cau&s;e that meanes were by his friends neglected, and he after a few dayes dyed of this di&s;ea&s;e.</HI></P>
<P>But before we go out of our owne Iland,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Iohannes Angli|cus, vulgo Gate&s;|den, in epere pra|ctico communi|ter Ro&s;a Anglica nuncupato. <HI>What the vrines do here de|clare vnto vs.</HI></NOTE> let vs yet heare the authoritie of another learned Phy&s;itian, who liued in this land aboue 300. yeares ago. Heare therefore his owne words con|cerning Quartanes and other di&s;ea&s;es.</P>
<P><HI>Now becau&s;e the Quartane ague is engendred of diuers humors, therefore the vrine is many wayes changed. And thus &s;aith Richar|dus concerning the predictions by vrines: I take God and all the Saints in heauen to witne&s;&s;e, that neither by skill and art, nor yet by v&s;e and long experience in practi&s;e, I could euer attaine to any cer|taine knowledge of the vrine, either in the conception, a Quartane ague, the Falling &s;ickene&s;&s;e, &amp;c.</HI></P>
<P>Now although I might be a great deale larger in this point, yet will I content my &s;elfe with that which hath bene alreadie &s;aid. Let it then not any more be doubted, that the vrine is not alwayes a certaine and infallible &s;igne of the e&s;tate of di&s;|ea&s;es contained in the vrine, as feauers, &amp;c. But what then (may one reply) doth it declare? The cruditie or concoction of the&s;e di&s;ea&s;es, together with the length or &s;hortne&s;&s;e of the &s;ame, ac|cording to the appearance, and the early or late appearing of the &s;ignes of the one or of the other (I meane cruditie or concoction) in the vrine. Now omitting al&s;o many things which might be &s;aid concerning di&s;ea&s;es proceeding from the &s;ame, I will in&s;tance onely in one, to wit, that loath&s;ome di&s;ea&s;e of Lepro&s;ie. Now as our &s;en&s;es do teach vs, that in all the &s;orts of the &s;ame, the<NOTE N="a" PLACE="marg"><GAP LANG="grc" DESC="foreign" RESP="OXF">, id e&s;t, vi|tiligo, <GAP LANG="grc" DESC="foreign" RESP="OXF"> &s;iue pruritus aut prurigo, <GAP LANG="grc" DESC="foreign" RESP="OXF">, id e&s;t, impetigo, <GAP LANG="grc" DESC="foreign" RESP="OXF">, nomina &s;unt af|fectionu~, in qui|bus omnibus ma|le afficitur cutis, &agrave; vino&s;o aliquo &s;ucco, qui ne&s;cit a&s;&s;imulari, &amp;c. Holler. &s;chol. ad cap. <HI>64.</HI> lib. <HI>1.</HI> de morb. intern.</NOTE> skin is euer infected: &s;o whether thou vn|der&s;tande&s;t that which the Greekes or yet the Arabians &s;o cal|led,<NOTE N="b" PLACE="marg">In quouis ho|rum affectuum (lepra &s;cilicet &amp; morbo Gallico) membra nutri|mentalia (praeci|pue recur, &agrave; quo omnes corporis partes &s;uum reci|piunt alimen|tum) fere habi|tualiter labo|rant. Mercat. oper. praedict. tom. <HI>2.</HI> pag. <HI>126.</HI></NOTE> it is agreed among all our Phy&s;itians, that as well the Li|uer, which is the fountaine and roote, as the ma&s;&s;e of bloud, which is as the branches or &s;treames proceeding from the &s;ame, are much intere&s;&s;ed and endammaged in this di&s;ea&s;e: and therefore by right the vrine here &s;hould carrie a great &s;troke, it being al&s;o the opinion of diuers Phy&s;itians, that as well the bloud as the vrine of &s;uch as are infected with this loath&s;ome
<PB N="36" REF="125"> di&s;ea&s;e do much differ from other mens. And yet heare I pray thee what a learned late writer of no &s;mall experience witne&s;|&s;eth concerning this matter.</P>
<P><NOTE PLACE="marg">Felix Plater. oper. pract. tract. <HI>3.</HI> cap. <HI>4.</HI></NOTE><HI>But as for my &s;elfe, who haue the&s;e thirtie yeares and vpwards, mo&s;t diligently viewed, and carefully ob&s;erued and marked the bloud of a great number of &s;uch as were infected with this loath&s;ome plague of Lepro&s;ie, I do mo&s;t con&s;tantly and a&s;&s;uredly auouch, that neither I my &s;elfe, nor yet &s;uch Surgeons as a&s;&s;i&s;ted me, could euer in the bloud find out any a&s;&s;ured marke or infallible token of Lepro&s;ie: but in euery re&s;pect like vnto the bloud of &s;uch as enioyed their per|fect health: or if at any time it hapned to &s;werue from the fore&s;aid perfection, that it then appeared no more corrupted or infected then ordinarily we do behold it in the Iaundi&s;e, feauer, or any &s;uch like di&s;ea&s;e. The like al&s;o I may truly pronounce of the vrine, on the which the vulgar &s;ort doth &s;o much dote. In the &s;ame ranke may I al&s;o with good right place the pul&s;e, who&s;e change and alteration to enquire after, were to &s;earch for a knot in a ru&s;h, &amp;c.</HI></P>
<P>But now let vs proceed to a point &s;urpa&s;&s;ing vulgar capa|citie, and which will &s;eeme to many a &s;trange <HI>Paradox,</HI> or a tale of <HI>Robin Hood:</HI> my meaning is concerning women with child, whether by the vrine onely conception may be di&s;cer|ned: the which point, howbeit it hath bene touched in our former di&s;cour&s;e; yet becau&s;e this is &s;o inueterate an error that hardly can it be expelled out of the minds of many, I will in&s;i&s;t a little the longer vpon the &s;ame, intreating a little thy patience (gentle Reader) and I hope thou &s;halt not afterwards repent thee of this paines.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 N="4" TYPE="chapter">
<PB N="37" REF="125">
<HEAD><HI>CHAP. IIII.</HI> That by the vrine onely, it cannot ab&s;olutely be told, whether a woman be with child or no, contrary to the vulgar opinion.</HEAD>
<P>_AS in many other things, &s;o in this point al&s;o con|cerning the conception, ignorance and error haue &s;o farre preuailed, that he who cannot vpon <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">he bare in&s;pection of the vrine onely, tell whe|ther a woman be with child or no, and whether of a male or female, is thought by many not to merit the name of a learned and skilfull Phy&s;itian. The which hath made many, le&s;t they &s;hould be di&s;credited among the vulgar, cunningly &s;ometimes to learne what they could concerning other &s;ignes of conception, and vpon the &s;ight of the vrine, make them be|leeue they had found out the whole truth by meanes thereof: and others againe, when as they could learne nothing, haue vpon &s;ome pre&s;umptions and probabilities put all to the ven|ture, and told them that which they mo&s;t longed after: and if the prediction happened right, then was this per&s;on admired as more then a mortall man: but if otherwi&s;e, then might he looke for a mocke or flout for his paines, be&s;ides the imputa|tion of ignorance and in&s;ufficiencie. Howbeit &s;ome are yet more cunning then others, to impute the fault to &s;ome other accident, by this meanes &s;till maintaining the ignorant in their former error. This hath bene a great meanes that hitherto the people hath bene gulled, hauing conceiued a &s;ini&s;ter and wrong opinio~ of the hone&s;t &amp; learned Phy&s;itian, who would not &s;ooth them vp in the &s;ame errour. For the better confutation of this point, my purpo&s;e is,<NOTE PLACE="marg" TYPE="runSum">Arguments e|uincing that by the &s;ole in&s;pe|ction of the v|rine, it cannot be di&s;cerned whether a wo|man be with child or no.</NOTE> fir&s;t to propound &s;ome rea&s;ons again&s;t the &s;ame: and in the next place &s;hall march &s;ome authorities of the learned: and in the la&s;t place &s;omething &s;hall be added out of mine owne experience. Now in the fir&s;t place, according to the common rule &s;et downe, and confirmed by a number of learned writers, <HI>That the vrine ordinarily giueth vs notice of &s;uch di&s;ea&s;es as are contained within the veines, as al&s;o of &s;uch places
<PB N="38" REF="126"> through which it pa&s;&s;eth,</HI> it is apparent, that the conception par|ticipateth of neither. For in the fir&s;t place, it is apparent and manife&s;t, that the matrix or wombe is none of tho&s;e parts con|tained within the veines: neither yet in the next place, doth the vrine pa&s;&s;e through the &s;ame. How then is it po&s;&s;ible to per|ceiue any infirmitie of this part by the vrine? Now be&s;ides, the bladder and the wombe are two di&s;tinct and &s;euerall parts, appropriated to &s;euerall ends and v&s;es. And put yet the ca&s;e that &s;ometimes &s;omething might be, by rea&s;on of the neare|ne&s;&s;e of the two orifices, conueyed through the common pa&s;|&s;age, yet this would but &s;eldome come to pa&s;&s;e. And moreouer in women with child this conueyance could not be granted, in regard of the exact &s;hutting vp of the afore&s;aid pa&s;&s;age during the whole time of this burden, in&s;omuch that the lea&s;t &s;uper|fluitie can then haue no pa&s;&s;age,<NOTE PLACE="marg">In aphor. <HI>51.</HI> &amp; <HI>54.</HI> lib. <HI>6</HI> &amp; <HI>3.</HI> de natur. facult. cap. <HI>3. 6.</HI> de locis af|fect. cap. <HI>5. 15.</HI> de v&s;u part.</NOTE> as witne&s;&s;eth <HI>Galen</HI> in diuers places. Now if any will deny the truth of this point, in the fir&s;t place I an&s;wer, that as I grant that &s;ometimes there may be, notwith&s;tanding that which hath bene &s;aid, &s;ome euacuation during that time, and that &s;ome part of the &s;ame matter might be conueyed into the bladder, yet this cometh to pa&s;&s;e but ve|ry &s;eldome, and in a few. And againe, this would make more again&s;t them: for all that is by the learned at the mo&s;t granted in this ca&s;e is, that the vrine may &s;ometimes declare a retention and &s;topping of the men&s;truous fluxe, whereof if any part du|ring their being with child is voyded foorth (as &s;ometimes &s;ome women haue &s;ome to &s;pare) the vrine can no more de|clare any &s;toppage of this fluxe, and by con&s;equent nothing concerning the conception, vnle&s;&s;e thou woulde&s;t imagine that there be certaine <HI>ideas</HI> or &s;hapes and pictures of young children conueyed at that time into the vrines of women with child. And yet if this were true, who told the&s;e vrine-mongers that the wombe daunced attendance on the bladder, to voyde their &s;euerall excretions at one and the &s;ame time? But put yet the ca&s;e that &s;ome part of this men&s;truous fluxe, now and then i&s;&s;uing out at the common conduit with the vrine, might &s;hew vs &s;omething, yet could it not follow, but that a number of o|ther &s;ignes were al&s;o nece&s;&s;arie, as hereafter &s;hall appeare.
<PB N="39" REF="126"> Their chiefe ring-leader <HI>Actuarius</HI> him&s;elfe, confe&s;&s;eth that the vrine alone is not able to leade vs vnto this truth. Moreo|uer <HI>Ari&s;totle</HI> acknowledgeth,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Ari&s;t. <HI>4.</HI> de gener. anim. cap. <HI>6.</HI></NOTE> that the vrines of women with child do differ according to the time that is pa&s;t &s;ince the con|ception; &s;o that there is not one certaine vrine whereon to re|po&s;e our iudgement. And according to the opinion of diuer&s;e others, the vrines of women with child alter almo&s;t euery day. One of the&s;e vrines therefore &s;hall neuer giue notice of the con|ception, although it might be &s;ometimes di&s;cerned by the v|rine. And is not this ab&s;urditie, to pre&s;ume to know that by one &s;igne, which many ioyned together can hardly declare vnto vs? Diuer&s;e contents are &s;et downe by &s;ome authors following <HI>Auicenna,</HI> which are &s;aid to be found in &s;uch <HI>vrines,</HI> which ne|uerthele&s;&s;e, haue bene often ob&s;erued as well in the vrines of citizens as countrey people of the malekinde, who I am &s;ure, were neuer &s;o much as &s;u&s;pected to be with child. <HI>A certain pra|cticall Profe&s;&s;or of the vniuer&s;ity of Pi&s;a in Italie (&s;aith Scribonius) a graue ancient Phy&s;itian, was wont to &s;ay,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Guil. Adolph. Scribon. lib. de vrin. in&s;pect.</NOTE> <HI>that &s;uch as tru&s;ted mo&s;t to this prediction, were mo&s;t of all deceiued; and yet he neuer yet in his life time had ob&s;erued any &s;uch vrines in women with child, as Aui|cenna de&s;cribeth: and that moreouer he had often ob&s;erued &s;uch contents in mens vrines.</HI> Adde yet this argument to the former, that the conception, as al&s;o the further growth of the child in the wombe, is properly a naturall action, and no di&s;ea&s;e at all: for this cau&s;e their vrines ought to differ little or nothing from other healthfull womans waters, e&s;pecially in the fir&s;t moneths, as I haue my &s;elfe often ob&s;erued. Againe what if a woman with child be &s;urpri&s;ed with &s;ome acute di&s;ea&s;e, as commeth often to pa&s;&s;e, will this then thinke you, make no alteration in the v|rine? And if there were any certainty in this &s;igne alone, what needed our Phy&s;itians trouble them&s;elues with &s;o many? and oftentimes all will not &s;erue the turne. Let it therefore re|maine firme and &s;table, that no certainty can be collected by the &s;ole ob&s;eruation of this &s;igne, and that to maintaine the &s;ame, is nothing el&s;e but meere impo&s;ture and cozenage. But that this is not mine owne priuate opinion onely, I will now make it appeare: heare therefore &s;ome of our learned Phy&s;iti|ans
<PB N="40" REF="127"> deliuer their owne minds, that out of the mouth of many witne&s;&s;es this truth may be confirmed. Let <HI>Rondeletius</HI> fir&s;t &s;peake.</P>
<P><NOTE PLACE="marg">Rondel. lib. de v|rin. cap. <HI>40.</HI> de v|rina praegnan|tium.</NOTE><HI>It would &s;eeme (&s;aith he) iu&s;tifiable, as well by rea&s;on as by expe|rience, that the vrine may giue vs certaine and a&s;&s;ured notice of a wo|mans being with child. And D. Gabride &s;aid, he knew it as a&s;&s;uredly as if he had &s;eene a child in the vrine. But of another opinion are all the ancient Phy&s;itians, who haue left vs no &s;ignes of the &s;ame in the vrine: as al&s;o rea&s;on it &s;elfe teacheth vs no le&s;&s;e. For &s;ince the birth or conception is without the veines, and the vrine chiefly giueth vs no|tice of &s;uch di&s;ea&s;es as are contained within the veines, it can giue vs no certaine a&s;&s;urance of this matter, vnle&s;&s;e we ioyne therewith all o|ther &s;ignes, as the retention of her monethly di&s;ea&s;e, &s;welling of her bellie, &s;he, notwith&s;tanding enioying her perfect health. &amp;c.</HI></P>
<P>Heare now the opinion of &s;ome of our <HI>Italian Phy&s;itians,</HI> and fir&s;t of all let the learned <HI>Mercuriall</HI> vtter his mind.</P>
<P><NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercur. lib. de vrin. cap. <HI>7.</HI></NOTE><HI>Be it knowne, notwith&s;tanding, that I am not altogether of the Arabian Phy&s;itians mind, who haue deui&s;ed certaine contents which are not to be found in vrines, to wit, certaine grounds like vnto carded wooll, little motes, &amp;c. No more am I of that opinion, that a Phy&s;i|tian may a&s;&s;uredly know by the vrine whether a woman be with child or no; by rea&s;on that of all the &s;ignes which Hippocrates hath in diuers places &s;et downe, there is not one that we can certainly tru&s;t to.</HI></P>
<P>The &s;ame opinion is by his countrey man <HI>Sauonarola</HI> yet &s;e|conded.</P>
<P><NOTE PLACE="marg">Sauonarola libr. de vrin. cap. <HI>2.</HI> rubr. <HI>0.</HI> de vrin. praegnantium.</NOTE><HI>But here we mu&s;t be very circum&s;pect, in regard that all the&s;e &s;ignes of conception may &s;ometimes be without the &s;ame, as in the &s;top|page of her monethly cour&s;e, ioyned with a fal&s;e conception; in which ca&s;e many famous Phy&s;itians haue bene deceiued, and their too for|wardne&s;&s;e hath turned to their great di&s;grace and infamie: as it befell two learned and skilfull Phy&s;itians in the &V;niuer&s;itie of Pauie, Mar|&s;ilius de &s;ancta Sophia, and Petrus de Tu&s;&s;ignano, both in my time. Let yong Phy&s;itians therefore be carefull, that with the vrine th<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">y ioyne all the other &s;ignes belonging to conception; among&s;t which one is chiefe, which belongeth to the midwife to find out, &amp;c.</HI></P>
<P>And <HI>Leo Roganus,</HI> a learned <HI>Romane Phy&s;itian,</HI> is of no other opinion.</P>
<PB N="41" REF="127">
<P><HI>The vrines of women with child (&s;aith he) differ nothing but by accident from other womens, to wit, that then in &s;uch women,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Leo Roganus lib. <HI>2.</HI> de cau&s;. vrin. cap. <HI>15.</HI> de vrin. vtero gerentium.</NOTE> <HI>as well the action of the &s;tomacke, as the appetite and concoction v&s;e ordina|rily to be troubled. And yet &s;uch is the blocki&s;hne&s;&s;e and &s;tupiditie of &s;ome Phy&s;itians, that they are per&s;waded women with child make vrines differing from other womens. It is true, that in women with child, that bloud which was wont to be voyded monethly, is now &s;tayed and kept in, wherefore becau&s;e the &s;ame in the fir&s;t moneths e&s;pecial|ly, not being wholly &s;pent on the nouri&s;hment of the child, as being then but &s;mall, it commeth to pa&s;&s;e that the action of the &s;tomacke, as like|wi&s;e the appetite, together with the concoction are not a litle troubled. And therefore being often, by rea&s;on of their longing de&s;ires, carried away with a de&s;ire of &s;uch things as engender little good nouri&s;hment, they engender great &s;tore of crudities, which may plainly be &s;eene by their vrines, the which are al&s;o common to all &s;uch as abound in cru|dities.</HI></P>
<P>To the former we will adde yet a late writer of the &s;ame na|tion, becau&s;e he &s;peaketh &s;o plainly and to the purpo&s;e.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Iean Marinello de Formie lib. <HI>3.</HI> chap. <HI>5.</HI> de mala|die des femmes.</NOTE> The booke was fir&s;t written in the <HI>Italian</HI> tongue, and &s;ince tran&s;la|ted into <HI>French,</HI> out of the which I haue tran&s;lated this parcell.</P>
<P><HI>Truth it is, that we mu&s;t not altogether relie vpon the vrine, to know whether a woman be with child or no. For the vrine can giue thee no further a&s;&s;urance of the &s;ame, then by the retention of her ac|cu&s;tomed monethly cour&s;e, and by the which we do commonly collect &s;ome pre&s;umption of conception. Now it may ea&s;ily come to pa&s;&s;e, that a woman may be &s;urpri&s;ed with many infirmities, which may hide and darken the principall &s;igne of conception (if any there were) in the v|rine: &s;uch as be headach, any cold, e&s;pecially being accompanied with a cough, cruditie, or indigestion of the &s;tomacke, great paine in the kidneyes, &amp;c. And which is yet more, the eating of raw fruite, &s;allets, milke, porke, pea&s;e, &s;perage, cabbage, artichocks, mu&s;hromes, and many other &s;uch kind of food, not being ordinarie or v&s;uall to the par|tie, are &s;ufficient to alter and change, not the colour onely, but the contents of the vrine al&s;o. Moreouer the vrine doth mo&s;t properly and a&s;&s;uredly declare vnto vs, the infirmities of the parts from whence it commeth, and through the which at length it pa&s;&s;eth. For the which cau&s;e it is more then manife&s;t, that there is no a&s;&s;ured knowledge to be
<PB N="42" REF="128"> had by the vrine concerning the conception, no more then by the re|tention of her monethly cour&s;e, &s;ince that without conception the fore|&s;aid retention and &s;topping is found, as well in maides as in married women. The la&s;t and mo&s;t certaine &s;igne of conception is, when as the child beginneth to &s;tirre and moue.</HI></P>
<P><NOTE PLACE="marg">2. <HI>Mercat. tomo.</HI> 3. <HI>lib.</HI> 3. <HI>pag.</HI> 669.</NOTE><HI>Mercatus</HI> a learned <HI>Spaniard,</HI> after he hath &s;et downe a num|ber of other &s;ignes, at length addeth the&s;e words.</P>
<P><HI>As concerning the vrine, howbeit in this ca&s;e it doth affoord vs but a very vncertaine iudgement, yet may we &s;ometimes draw &s;ome cer|tainty out of the &s;ame.</HI> But how I pray thee? <HI>By ob&s;eruing her &s;e|uerall vrines at diuer&s;e times, beginning with the fir&s;t moneth of &s;up|po&s;ed conception, and &s;o ob&s;eruing the &s;euerall alterations vntill the time of her deliuery approach.</HI> Then withall &s;etteth he downe all the &s;euerall trials which the famous <HI>Hippocrates</HI> hath left vnto vs, all which were needle&s;&s;e and &s;uperfluous, if the vrine of it &s;elfe were &s;ufficient for this purpo&s;e. Now let vs adde yet one &s;torie of the deceitfulne&s;&s;e of this &s;igne in conception, recorded by a learned Germane Phy&s;itian.</P>
<P><NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Hi&s;torie.</HI> Diomedes Corna|rius in lib. con&s;il. medicin. inter hi|&s;torias admiran|das, hi&s;toria ter|tia, &amp; prima de peruer&s;o vrin. iudicio.</NOTE><HI>Franci&s;cus Emericus Doctor in Phy&s;icke, and of the chaire in the Vniuer&s;itie of Vienna, in his di&s;cour&s;e entituled, whether the ob&s;erua|tion of the pul&s;e or of the vrine doth affoord vnto the Phy&s;itian more certaine and a&s;&s;ured foreknowledge of the life or death of the patient, and printed anno</HI> 1557. <HI>relateth, that in the yeare</HI> 1555. <HI>in the Citie of &V;ienna, a certaine friend of mine (&s;aith he) called Georgius Ritha|merus, a man of &s;ingular learning, being very de&s;irous of i&s;&s;ue, came to one of the Phy&s;itians of the Colledge of be&s;t note, bringing with him his wiues vrine, to know whether &s;he were with child, as he dee|med, or no. The Phy&s;itian vpon the bare &s;ight of the vrine onely, did peremptorily affirme, that &s;he was for certaine with child, and that of a boy. After the which time Rithamerus began quite to di&s;ta&s;te me; and that onely by rea&s;on that vpon the &s;ight of her vrine, together with diuers other &s;ignes and circum&s;tances thereto belonging, I had deliuered my opinion, that &s;he was not at all with child. And be&s;ides, he prouided with all expedition both midwife, nur&s;e, and all other things belonging to that bu&s;ine&s;&s;e. It was afterwards constantly and confidently euery where noy&s;ed abroad, that &s;he was with child. The women her attendants, by rea&s;on of &s;ome accidents wherewith &s;he was
<PB N="43" REF="128"> now and then troubled, appointed her diuer&s;e baths, by meanes where|of being &s;urpri&s;ed with the falling &s;ickne&s;&s;e, &s;he was in a very &s;hort time freed from all the mi&s;eries of this mortall life. Of who&s;e death being aduerti&s;ed, I did very earne&s;tly intreate the afore&s;aid Ritha|merus, that both in regard of that ancient bond of loue and amitie be|twixt him and me, as likewi&s;e to finde out the whole truth of this matter, he would be plea&s;ed to giue way to the opening of the dead corps. The which at length, being ouercome, as well by my earne&s;t &s;uing vnto him, as for the great and earne&s;t de&s;ire he had to be re&s;ol|ued of the truth of the matter, he did willingly yeeld vnto. In making the inci&s;ion, we began fir&s;t with the mu&s;cles of the neather bellie, di&s;co|uering &s;uch parts as before were hid, &amp; afterwards ripping vp the pe|ritonaeum, we proceeded to the place where the wombe was &s;ituate; and although we did perceiue it to be but very &s;mall, and to containe no|thing within it; yet to the end we might the more clearly &s;ee the truth with our eyes, we ript it vp al&s;o, and found it cleane, and empty of any thing within it. Now in her life time &s;he was of a whiti&s;h bleake colour, and of a cachecticall di&s;po&s;ition, and had neuer in all her life time borne any child: from whence I did by very probable coniecture collect, that &s;he was troubled with &s;ome other infirmitie. For the which cau&s;e we proceed &s;till in our inci&s;ion towards the &s;tomacke; whereas betwixt the peritonaeum, and the guts we found good &s;tore of water, which did ac|cording to the motion of the body, fall &s;ometimes to the right and &s;ometimes to the left &s;ide; and from hence aro&s;e this erronius opinion of the &s;uppo&s;ed motion of a liue child. This being after this manner fini&s;hed, I &s;pake after this manner, My good friend George, you &s;ee now after what manner your wife proueth with child. And he, &s;eeing the ca&s;e &s;o plaine, did ingenuou&s;ly acknowledge, that he had wrong|fully and vnde&s;eruedly bene offended with me, and withall did freely acknowledge his errour. Witne&s;&s;es with me at this inci&s;ion, were Do|ctor Iacobus Walch, companion with me in my Italian &s;tudies; as al|&s;o Andreas Perlachius, a great Mathematician, being al&s;o the onely man who had &s;o &s;tedfa&s;tly maintained that &s;he was with child.</HI></P>
<P>Now with two in&s;tances of mine owne experience I will fi|ni&s;h this point.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hi&s;torie of a wo|man with child in the fir&s;t moneths.</NOTE></P>
<P><HI>A Gentlewoman dwelling neere Northampton &s;ome yeares ago, &s;ent me her vrine, which in euery re&s;pect, as well in colour as contents,
<PB N="44" REF="129"> re&s;embled the vrine of an healthfull yong man. Hauing found out by &s;ome circumstances that it was a womans, I began to &s;uspect that which afterwards proued true, that &s;he was with child. The me&s;|&s;enger demanding whether &s;he was not entred into a Drop&s;ie: I repli|ed, I rather enclined to the opinion that &s;he was with child, the which proued to be true. The &s;eruant confe&s;&s;ed, another Phy&s;itian had be|fore put her in needle&s;&s;e feare of a Drop&s;ie. The Gentlewoman after|wards conceiued a better opinion of my skill in this point, then I con|fe&s;&s;e it de&s;erued.</HI></P>
<P><NOTE PLACE="marg">Another of one in the latter moneths.</NOTE><HI>The &s;ame Harue&s;t, within &s;euen miles of this towne of Northamp|ton, a Lady great with child, being now within two moneths at mo&s;t of her deliuerie, &s;ent me fir&s;t her vrine, and then de&s;ired mine owne per&s;onall pre&s;ence for fome infirmitie whereof &s;he then complained. The vrine &s;ent re&s;embled, as the former, the vrine of a lu&s;tie young man in the Aprill of his age: I ob&s;erued it very narrowly, and yet could I di&s;cerne none of tho&s;e Arabian contents, neither carded wooll, flaxe, nor hu&s;wiues cloth. Being afterwards with her, I found no alte|ration in her vrine, &s;aue that it was paler coloured which was made in the night, and higher coloured which was made in the day timc, contrarie to that which we commonly ob&s;erue; and yet neither of them exceeding the colour of a cholericke mans vrine. The Gentlewoman had bene for a long time, euen before her being with child, much troubled with a hote and feauer-like di&s;temper.</HI></P>
<P>This point then being cleared, we proceed now to the &s;exe, where we &s;hall find no le&s;&s;e vncertaintie then in the former.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 N="5" TYPE="chapter">
<HEAD><HI>CHAP. V.</HI> That the &s;exe cannot be di&s;cerned by the &V;rine.</HEAD>
<P><NOTE PLACE="marg">Ab&s;urditie of this opinion proued.</NOTE>_NO le&s;&s;e ab&s;urd an opinion then the former, is it to hold that the &s;exe may ab&s;olutely by the vrine be di&s;cerned. As for the &s;exe in the wombe, the &s;ame rea&s;ons which were brought again&s;t the di&s;cerning of the concep|tion by the vrine, will here take hold al&s;o. As for the di&s;cerning of the &s;exe in tho&s;e of riper yeares, the rea|&s;on
<PB N="45" REF="129"> would &s;eeme to be more fauourable. The chiefe and prin|cipall rea&s;on alledged for this is, becau&s;e men are commonly of an hoter con&s;titution then women, which is the cau&s;e that their vrines are dyed of an higher colour; and moreouer, that the contents in womens vrines, in regard of their idle and &s;eden|tarie life, do often exceed mens in quantitie. But this mu&s;t not &s;imply be con&s;idered, but as we commonly &s;ay, <HI>caeteris paribus:</HI> that is, a man of a good and laudable con&s;titution of body, v|&s;ing diet an&s;werable both in quantitie and qualitie, and auoi|ding idlene&s;&s;e: a woman likewi&s;e of a colder complexion, as often they are, v&s;ing moderate diet, a &s;edentary and lazie life, auoyding hote diet. If, I &s;ay, one &s;hould bring thee two &s;uch vrines, demanding to know which were the mans and which the womans, then without great difficultie mighte&s;t thou giue out a right verdict. But if one &s;hold bring vnto thee two vrines, the one of a man, the other of a woman, the one not differing from the other, and the womans perhaps higher in colour and thinner in &s;ub&s;tance, (which may by diuer&s;e meanes come to pa&s;&s;e) thou &s;houlde&s;t giue wrong &s;entence, then being thus gulled, thou mighte&s;t be made a gazing &s;tocke to thy neigh|bours, by rea&s;on of thy peremptorie opinion. Now that &s;ome women are of an hoter con&s;titution of bodie then &s;ome men,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Some women of an hoter con|&s;titution then men.</NOTE> I thinke who &s;o denieth, de&s;erueth rather to haue his pate purged, then to be dealt with with by any rea&s;on. I my &s;elfe haue al&s;o knowne many a man make paler vrines, with greater quantitie of contents, then women: which may ea&s;ily come to pa&s;&s;e, by rea&s;on of great quaffing, daintie fare, and abundance of ea&s;e and idlene&s;&s;e, the engendrers of all manner of crudities. Haue we not now adayes more then a good many who&s;e God is their guts, <HI>Fruges con&s;umere nati,</HI> on who&s;e vrines thou mighte&s;t long looke, before thou could&s;t di&s;cerne any thing materiall or to the purpo&s;e? As for our women, what if their <HI>Liuer</HI> and <HI>Kid|neyes</HI> be hote, as I haue not &s;eldome ob&s;erued, may not this bring forth an high water? and will not ob&s;tructions ea&s;ily de|priue it of contents. But e&s;pecially if the&s;e women be well ac|quainted with a pipe of Tobacco, a cup of good &s;herry Sacke, Malago, or Canary, or yet a cup of good nappy Ale well brewed
<PB N="46" REF="130"> with &s;ugar, nutmegge and ginger, may it not now and then not onely colour the vrines, but make their faces flouri&s;h with &s;ome orientall carbuncles and rubies? Be&s;ides the former rea&s;ons, will not fa&s;ting, watching, perturbations of the mind, diet in quantitie and qualitie, with diuer&s;e other things moe, alter the vrine as well in man as in woman? It were, perhaps, an ea&s;ier matter to ob&s;erue this difference in &s;ome hoter climat then our owne, to wit, in <HI>France, Spaine,</HI> or <HI>Italy,</HI> where women drinke more water then with vs; e&s;pecially in <HI>Italie,</HI> where the women are caged vp like linnets to &s;ing, and are not &s;o bu&s;ie with the fruite of the grape, nor with the &s;trong barley water as our <HI>Bri|ti&s;h</HI> women. If I &s;hould in&s;tance al&s;o in our virgins, more man-like then many men, how were any able to contradict it? But if I &s;hould &s;end to the cunninge&s;t pi&s;&s;e-prophet in this king|dome the vrine of &s;ome <HI>Hermaphrodite</HI> or man-woman, what would or could they &s;ay? and to which of the &s;exes would they a&s;cribe the vrine? Now that &s;ome &s;uch are to be found, cannot be denied. It hath bene holden for a truth in all ages: and of late yeares a learned Phy&s;itian hath written a booke concerning that &s;ubiect,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Ga&s;par. Bauhi|nus de Herma|phroditis.</NOTE> where he bringeth in a number of hi&s;tories of an|cient and later times. I haue bene al&s;o credibly informed of &s;ome &s;uch who haue liued here in the&s;e parts of the countrey. But if the woman &s;hall be &s;urpri&s;ed with any hote and acute di&s;ea&s;e (as the vrine is &s;eldome &s;ent to the Phy&s;itian but in &s;ick|ne&s;&s;e) will not the&s;e confound thy iudgement? Now if the &s;exe cannot be di&s;cerned by the vrine in per&s;ons of yeares, what ab|&s;urditie is it to demand the knowledge hereof in a woman with child, where the conception it &s;elfe cannot be thereby di&s;cer|ned? as al&s;o where there are &s;o many rubs in the way. It is al&s;o worth the ob&s;eruation, that whereas that learned. <HI>Mercatus</HI> di&s;cour&s;eth of all the &s;ignes whereby one may know whether a woman be with child of a male or female, where he omitteth not &s;o much as the blowing of the wind, yet &s;peaketh he not &s;o much as one word concerning the vrine: no more do many o|ther authors of be&s;t note.</P>
<P><HI>Iean Marinello</HI> among many moe, &s;etteth downe many &s;ignes to di&s;cerne the &s;exe in the wombe, yet &s;peaketh he not &s;o much
<PB N="47" REF="130"> as one word of the vrine. Other authors for breuitie I will pa&s;&s;e by. I cannot but wonder what &s;hould moue our vrine-mon|gers to be &s;o peremptory in this their opinion of di&s;cerning the &s;exe by the vrines, as though there were &s;ome &s;pecificall diffe|rence alwayes to be ob&s;erued in the&s;e vrines: are not the hu|mours alike, and the parts as well &s;emilare as organicall alike in both the&s;e &s;exes? But I will acquaint thee with one hi&s;torie concerning the prediction of a Par&s;on-phy&s;itian, who would certifie a Gentlewoman with child of what &s;exe it was.</P>
<P><HI>A Gentlewoman dwelling within a few miles of Northampton,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Hi&s;torie. Of a perempto|ry Par&s;on deter|mining of the &s;exe in the wombe.</NOTE> <HI>left with child of her late decea&s;&s;ed hu&s;band, was very de&s;irous to be certified of the &s;exe if it were po&s;&s;ible. The rea&s;on was, becau&s;e that if a &s;onne, then was he to be heire to great lands and po&s;&s;e&s;&s;ions, which otherwi&s;e were entailed to the next heires male. This Par&s;on being by many reputed famous in vromancie, this Gentlewoman had re|cour&s;e to his oracle. The Par&s;on is peremptorie that &s;he is with child of a &s;onne. The Gentlewoman and her friends reioyce not a little. But the wor&s;t is yet behind: the Par&s;ons prediction proues fal&s;e, and he a lying Prophet: &s;he is brought to bed of a daughter, and her mirth tur|ned into mourning. If he had euer learned his Phylo&s;ophie, he might haue learned that,</HI> De futuris contingentibus non e&s;t determina|ta veritas: Of future things not yet come to pa&s;&s;e, being contin|gent, no man can a&s;&s;uredly foretell the i&s;&s;ue and euent. <HI>But thou maye&s;t here &s;ee ex vnguibus Leonem: what manner of men the&s;e be.</HI></P>
<P><HI>The yeare</HI> 1622. <HI>a patient of mine of good account dwelling in Northampton,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Hi&s;torie. Of a womans v|rine higher in colour and con|tents then a mans.</NOTE> <HI>purpo&s;ing (according to his v&s;uall cu&s;tome) to take &s;ome preuenting Phy&s;icke in the Spring of the yeare, wi&s;hed his vrine to be &s;ent to me. The vrine which was &s;ent was of an high and deepe dyed red colour, of a meane &s;ub&s;tance, a copius red re&s;idence. Meeting with him the &s;ame day, I asked him whether he complained not of &s;ome heate: who replyed, he felt no manner of di&s;temper at all. I wi&s;hed him yet once againe to &s;end me his vrine, which if it &s;hould &s;o continue, I doubted Phlebolomie would be requi&s;ite. The next vrine was of a pale &s;t<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">aw coloured yellow, with &s;ome whiti&s;h re&s;idents, &s;uch as &s;ome|times accompanie crudities. Enquiring afterwards into the cau&s;e of this diuer&s;itie of vrines in &s;o &s;hort a &s;pace, his wife told me, that her vrine had the fir&s;t day bene &s;ent in &s;tead of her hu&s;bands. I required
<PB N="48" REF="131"> of her, whether &s;he did not complaine of any inward di&s;temper of heate; who replyed, that &s;he complained of no di&s;temper at all. But within a few dayes &s;he found that di&s;temper in &s;uch a mea&s;ure, as &s;he was glad to admit both of Phlebotomie and other fit and nece&s;&s;arie remedies. The con&s;titution of her bodie is hote, and her vrine an&s;we|rably high coloured, vnle&s;&s;e it be accidentally hindered. And this I dare boldly affirme, that during her hu&s;bands &s;ickne&s;&s;e, being a long and tedious, fir&s;t Tertian, then double Tertian feauer, yet neuer &s;aw I his vrine of &s;o high and inten&s;e a colour as that of hers lately mentioned.</HI></P>
<P>And now I hope it doth plainly appeare, that neither the conception, nor &s;exe can be by the vrine onely di&s;|cerned. Let vs now proceed to the exami|nation and Anatomie of the vrine it &s;elfe, together with the &s;eue|rall parts of the &s;ame.</P>
</DIV2>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 N="2" TYPE="book">
<PB N="49" REF="131">
<HEAD>THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE ANATOMIE OF VRINES.</HEAD>
<DIV2 TYPE="argument">
<HEAD>THE ARGVMENT.</HEAD>
<P>_IN this &s;econd booke is &s;et downe a more particular &s;uruey or Anatomie of vrines, &amp; their &s;euerall parts in particular: begin|ning fir&s;t with the common diui&s;ion of the vrines into three or foure regions, with the idlene&s;&s;e of that &s;uppo&s;ed corre&s;pondencie thought to be be|twixt them and the regions of a mans bodie. Then followeth the vncertaintie of iudgement by the &s;ub&s;tance, and after|wards by the accidents of the vrine, and fir&s;t of the quanti|tie: the &s;mell followeth, and if any be in loue with the la&s;t, he may trie it in the next place. Then follow the chiefe co|lours, their &s;euerall &s;ignifications, and doubtfull predictions thereby. The confutation of the crowne or garland is hand|led in the next place, and after it in order, the bubbles, &s;pume, fat and froth, fume and vapour in the vrines. The great varietie of other contents challenge to them&s;elues the next place, where we will begin with the cloud, &s;wim or &s;ublimation, then proceed to the grounds or re&s;idences of v|rines: where be&s;ides varietie of contents commonly called difforme, are al&s;o contained diuers prodigious hi&s;tories of &s;euerall &s;orts of wormes reiected by vrine. The ob&s;truction and &s;topping of the vrine, either totall or in part, the &s;eue|rall
<PB N="50" REF="132"> cau&s;es of the &s;ame, and diuers predictions, as al&s;o the inuoluntarie excretion of vrine, &s;hall not be omitted: and then a word with the Alchymi&s;ts concerning di&s;tillation of vrines. And finally &s;hall follow the conclu&s;ion, where &s;hall be an&s;wered the obiection concerning euent and ca&s;uall cures, with &s;ome in&s;tances of this error. And for the confir|mation of my opinion, I proceed on &s;till in my former me|thod of rea&s;ons and authorities both of ancient and late writers, adding here and there &s;ome of mine owne ob&s;er|uations.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 N="1" TYPE="chapter">
<HEAD><HI>CHAP. I.</HI> That the regions of the vrine are not an&s;werable to the regions of the body of man; as al&s;o concerning the &s;ub&s;tance of vrines, thicke and thinne, their manifold &s;ignifications, and vncertaintie of iudgement by the &s;ame.</HEAD>
<P><NOTE PLACE="marg">Actuarius the fir&s;t inuenter of the&s;e regions, &amp;c.</NOTE>_IT hath bene an inueterate opinion, and which hath taken deepe roote in the minds of many, and fir&s;t brought in by <HI>Actuarius,</HI> that the &s;eue|rall regions of the vrine, are an&s;werable to the principall regions or parts of a mans body. Of the&s;e regions in the vrine &s;ome make three, the highe&s;t part an&s;wering in proportion to the highe&s;t part of the body, to wit, the head and &s;uch other parts as adioyne to it: the middle region repre&s;enting the middle parts of man, as the brea&s;t, the bowels, and the parts about them: the neather region of the vrine, the lowe&s;t parts from the bowels downewards. Others againe make foure, appropriating the circle in the vppermo&s;t part of the vrine, called otherwi&s;e a crowne or garland, to the animall parts contained in the head: the ouermo&s;t part or &s;u|perficies to the pectorall parts, heart, lungs, &amp;c. the middle re|gion to the parts &s;eruing for nutrition or nouri&s;hment, to wit, the &s;tomach or maw, the liuer, &s;pleene, guts, &amp;c. the lowe&s;t or
<PB N="51" REF="132"> neathermo&s;t part in the bottome of the vrinall, to the parts ap|propriate to generation.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Iodochus Willi|chius de probat. vrin. part. <HI>4.</HI> c. <HI>1.</HI></NOTE> <HI>But this opinion</HI> (&s;aith one) <HI>is more curious and &s;uper&s;titious then true.</HI> Meaning of the foure regions of the vrine, &amp;c. And yet the &s;ame Author maintaineth the three regions of the vrine to be an&s;werable to the three princi|pall regions of the bodie, which I will here confute as mo&s;t fal&s;e and erronious. Now to this purpo&s;e I thinke it will not be ami&s;&s;e, to &s;et downe the words of his interpreter,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hieron. Reu&s;. &s;chol. ad cap. prae|dict. prope finem.</NOTE> which may &s;erue &s;ufficiently to ouerthrow this error: <HI>Hence may it euidently appeare, in how great an error tho&s;e Phy&s;itians are inuolued, who hold a proportion betwixt the height of the vrine and of a mans bo|die. Hence al&s;o cometh it to pa&s;&s;e, that they affirme that the con|tents of the vppermo&s;t region do declare and lay open the griefes of the head, &amp;c. Did tho&s;e men euer &s;ee fat fall to the bottome or mid|dle region of the vrinall? Doth not oyle and any fat thing commonly and of its owne accord &s;wim vpon the top of the vrine? Neither yet doth it therefore nece&s;&s;arily follow, that the head is principally affe|cted; but doth declare and &s;hew foorth, either the wa&s;ting of the whole bodie, or &s;ome di&s;ea&s;es of the kidneyes. Let them &s;hew vs the re&s;idence called</HI> hypo&s;ta&s;is, <HI>in the garland or vppermost part of the vrine. The like may be &s;aid concerning the bubbles which do alwayes &s;tay vpon the top of the vrine,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Aphor.</HI> 34. <HI>lib.</HI> 4.</NOTE> <HI>and according to the doctrine of Hip|pocrates, do Progno&s;ticate &s;ome long and lingring di&s;ea&s;e of the kid|neyes. To what end and purpo&s;e then keepe they &s;uch a prating, that the bubbles which do in order compa&s;&s;e the whole crowne or garland about, do declare &s;ome great paine in the whole head: and if they compa&s;&s;e and enuiron but the halfe of the circle or garland, then do they argue a paine but in one &s;ide of the head? How often are &s;uch people pained with the wind Colicke or Hypochondriacke melan|choly? In which ca&s;e how&s;oeuer &s;ome wind may a&s;cend vp into the head; yet is not this axiome alwayes of vndoubted truth. The like iudgement may we pronounce concerning other things of the like na|ture, which mo&s;t commonly follow the condition of their owne natu|rall inclination and matter, and not the altitude or &s;ituation of this or that part of a mans bodie.</HI> Thus farre our Author. And the trou|bled vrine &s;o continuing, of the which &s;hall be &s;poken in the next Chapter, may &s;erue to ouerthrow the &s;uppo&s;ed proportion
<PB N="52" REF="133"> betwixt the regions of the vrine and the body of man; this headach being di&s;cerned by the whole body of the vrine, and neither by the circle or garland, nor yet by any bubbles, &s;pume, or froth in the top of the &s;ame. But concerning the vncertainty of the&s;e particulars, as al&s;o concerning the crowne and gar|land, hereafter when we &s;hall &s;peake of the contents of vrines, I purpo&s;e to di&s;cour&s;e at greater length. It is now time we come to the &s;ub&s;tance of vrines, and then to all the parts of the &s;ame.</P>
<P><NOTE PLACE="marg">Diui&s;ion of the vrine.</NOTE>I will with the learned <HI>Mercuriall,</HI> diuide the whole vrine into three parts, the &s;ub&s;tance, the accidents, and the contents. In the &s;ub&s;tance againe we are to con&s;ider, whether the vrine be thicke or thinne,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Of the &s;ub&s;tance of vrines.</NOTE> and whether cleare, or troubled and muddie. And this we vnder&s;tand of the whole bodie of the vrine. Thin vrines according to <HI>&V;a&s;&s;eus</HI> haue manifold &s;ignifications.<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Diuer&s;e &s;ignifi|cations of thin vrines.</HI> Iohannes Va&s;&s;eus Melden&s;. lib. de vrin. iudicijs. pag. <HI>30.</HI> &amp;c.</NOTE> Fir&s;t a failing of naturall heate. Secondly, a &s;toppage of the Liuer, kidneyes, and the vrinarie ve&s;&s;els. Thirdly, weakne&s;&s;e of nature. Fourthly, that the attractiue power of the pa&s;&s;age or pipes of the vrine is endamaged. Fiftly, extreame coldne&s;&s;e ioyned with drought. In acute di&s;ea&s;es it argueth: Fir&s;t the weakne&s;&s;e of the concocting facultie. Secondly, the cruditie of the di&s;ea&s;e, and of the humours contained in the veines. Thirdly, if it thus con|tinue for a long time, death, if nature be not able to hold out: &amp; if &s;trength continue, &s;ome ab&s;ce&s;&s;e or Impo&s;tume in the nea|ther parts. And in a Cri&s;is threateneth a relap&s;e, as in <HI>Hermo|crates</HI> 3. <HI>Epid.</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Hippocr. <HI>3.</HI> Epid.</NOTE> Now how &s;hall any by the bare in&s;pection of the&s;e vrines, be able to know whether it hath long thus conti|nued or no, which neuerthele&s;&s;e maketh much for a true pre|diction? The partie &s;eldome taketh notice of it, vntill &s;uch time it be &s;ent to the Phy&s;itian. The me&s;&s;enger employed, oftentimes hath not &s;eene the partie &s;ince the beginning of his &s;ickne&s;&s;e, much le&s;&s;e his vrine. Thinne vrines which afterwards turne thicke in an acute di&s;ea&s;e,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sauonar. lib. de vrin. cap. <HI>3.</HI></NOTE> &s;aith <HI>Sauonarola,</HI> without any ea&s;e or alleuiation en&s;uing, &s;ignifieth a wa&s;ting away of the whole bo|die, &amp;c. But concerning thinne vrines, which afterwards turne thicke, &s;omething &s;hall be further &s;aid, when we &s;hall &s;peake of thicke vrines. And concerning thinne vrines in generall, be|cau&s;e
<PB N="53" REF="133"> I &s;hall haue &s;ome further occa&s;ion to &s;peake hereafter when I &s;hall handle the colours, I will not dwell &s;o long vpon this point. But now come we to the thicke vrines.</P>
<P>The &s;ame <HI>Va&s;&s;eus</HI> giues vs fiue &s;euerall &s;ignifications of thicke vrines in generall.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Of thicke vrines <HI>Idem Va&s;&s;eus ibidem.</HI></NOTE> Fir&s;t the combat or fight betwixt nature and the humour. Secondly, abundance of humors. Thirdly, the thic|kening &s;lime and the other parts next vnto it, by rea&s;on of cold, if thinne vrine went before. Fourthly,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Significations of thicke vrines.</NOTE> the beginning of conco|ction, &s;uch in the fit of an Ague &s;o continuing. Fiftly, the weak|ne&s;&s;e of the &s;trength, and no &s;mall &s;tore of humours. The &s;ame Author againe diuideth the&s;e thicke vrines into two &s;orts:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Diui&s;ion of thicke vrines.</NOTE> <HI>into thicke transparent, pellucide, and troubled,</HI> called by him <HI>turbida.</HI> This fir&s;t &s;ort &s;ignifieth (&s;aith he) a di&s;&s;oluing or melting o&s; gla&s;&s;ie phlegme, as we &s;ee in the vrines of <HI>Epilepticke</HI> per&s;ons proceeding of phlegme. If it be of a citrine or yellowi&s;h co|lour, it &s;ignifieth choller, like the yolkes of egges.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Of thicke trou|bled vrines.</NOTE> But becau&s;e the other &s;ort of thicke vrines called <HI>turbida,</HI> or troubled and muddie, is more obuious to the eye, and ea&s;ilier di&s;cerned, I will in&s;i&s;t a little the longer vpon the &s;ame.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Their &s;euerall &s;ignifications.</NOTE> The &s;ame Author a&s;&s;igneth three &s;ignifications to &s;uch vrines. Fir&s;t, a great agita|tion and &s;tirring of crude and vnconcoct humours, together with no &s;mall &s;tore of windine&s;&s;e. Secondly, abundance of hu|mours, which neuerthele&s;&s;e are by nature expelled. Thirdly, the great trouble and encombrance nature hath in the expelling and &s;eque&s;tring &s;uch humours.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Diui&s;io~ of thick troubled vrines.</NOTE> But the&s;e troubled thicke vrines are yet diuided into three &s;euerall &s;orts. Fir&s;t, &s;ome being thinne at the fir&s;t making, do afterwards thicken: others are made thicke, and after a while &s;ettle: and finally, &s;ome are made thick, and do &s;o continue, being like vnto hor&s;e-pi&s;&s;e. Such vrines (&s;aith <HI>Ranzouius</HI>) as are made thinne,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Henricus Ranzo|nius lib. de con|&s;eruanda vale|tud. cap. <HI>19.</HI></NOTE> &s;ometimes &s;uddenly thic|ken and grow troubled: this in health cometh often to pa&s;&s;e after exerci&s;e, and to others after &s;ickne&s;&s;e. <HI>And after I haue drunke hard</HI> (&s;aith the &s;ame Author) <HI>I make a cleare vrine, which in a very &s;hort time groweth thicke, and &s;o &s;etleth to a great re&s;i|dence.</HI> Others hold that it &s;ignifieth, that nature now beginneth to &s;et vpon the humor, and to concoct it. I haue often ob&s;erued &s;uch an vrine, both in perfect health and before and after &s;ick|ne&s;&s;e.
<PB N="54" REF="134"> Cold winter weather al&s;o often altereth thinne vrines in|to thicke. Such as are made thicke at fir&s;t, and after &s;ettle to a thicke re&s;idence, and become cleare, &s;ignifie and declare vnto vs, that the di&s;ea&s;e wa&s;teth away; as declaring nature now to make a &s;eparation, after which it expelleth at a place conue|nient. Vrines made thicke at the fir&s;t, and &s;o per&s;i&s;ting, are ge|nerally accounted,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Aph.</HI> 10. <HI>lib.</HI> 4.</NOTE> and that not without cau&s;e, the wor&s;t of the three: which according to <HI>Hippocrates,</HI> argue great headach, ei|ther pre&s;ent or imminent, being e&s;pecially ioyned with a feauer. <HI>But this is not perpetuall,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">In lib. <HI>1.</HI> Prorrh. comment. <HI>1.</HI></NOTE> (&s;aith <HI>Galen) for a troubled vrine gene|rally is an accident of the abundance of raw humours, either conco|cted or turned into wind, and not of a phren&s;ie; and yet &s;uch an vrine may both accompanie a phren&s;ie, and be without it, as all other &s;uch accidents as neither are contrarie to phren&s;ie, nor yet proper there|unto.</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Leo Roganus de prouid. ex vrin. lib. <HI>3.</HI> cap. <HI>2.</HI></NOTE> <HI>Of the&s;e vrines which do not &s;ettle</HI> (&s;aith a learned Author) <HI>but yet much more of &s;uch as being at fir&s;t made thinne do after|wards thicken, we can giue no certaine prediction: for &s;uch vrines do &s;ometimes onely &s;ignifie cruditie, and &s;ometimes againe they are very bad. But the diligent and carefull Phy&s;itian may by other &s;ignes di|&s;tingui&s;h the &s;ame.</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Hieron. Reu&s;n. in cap. <HI>6.</HI> part. <HI>1.</HI> Iodochi Willich. de probat. vrin.</NOTE> Another Author maketh vrines &s;o per&s;i&s;ting to be alwayes very dangerous. <HI>Such an vrine</HI> (&s;aith he) <HI>doth de|clare vnto vs, that naturall heate is &s;o weake, that it cannot &s;eparate the good from the bad.</HI> But yet mu&s;t not this be ab&s;olutely vnder|&s;tood, but with a caution and limitation, common to many &s;uch other &s;peeches: to wit, that with &s;trength per&s;i&s;ting, they &s;ignifie that the di&s;ea&s;e is like to be of long continuance, and without the &s;ame to &s;ignifie death. <HI>In &s;uch thicke vrines there|fore</HI> (&s;aith <HI>Roganus) we mu&s;t not alwayes be afrayed,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Loco nuper cita|to.</NOTE> <HI>as &s;ome ordi|narie Phy&s;itians are, but mu&s;t likewi&s;e ob&s;erue &s;ome other &s;ignes. In young children</HI> (&s;aith <HI>Reu&s;ner) if the&s;e vrines be exceeding thicke,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Loco iam citato.</NOTE> <HI>(which oftentimes cometh to pa&s;&s;e, how&s;oeuer &s;eldome ob&s;erued) be|&s;ides the head-ach proceeding of windine&s;&s;e, they do al&s;o &s;ignifie the paine of the heart, (as they call it commonly) that is, of the mouth of the &s;tomach. Such an vrine may proceed al&s;o from the windine&s;&s;e of the pa&s;&s;ages. Thinne vrines afterwards becoming thicke and troubled, if &s;trength decay, it is an infallible token of death: and that by rea|&s;on of the agitation and motion of the matter within the bodie, and
<PB N="55" REF="134"> the abundance of windie vapours from thence, which nature is not a|ble to ouercome.</HI> But before I proceed any further,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Confutation of an erroneous o|pinion of the vulgar &s;ort con|cerning the &s;tai|ning of the vri|nall.</NOTE> I cannot pa&s;&s;e by a common error, which many as well in towne as countrey do hold, to wit, that when they &s;ee &s;uch a thicke vrine &s;taine the vrinall, they are incontinent conceited all the danger of the di&s;ea&s;e is pa&s;t. But this to be mo&s;t fal&s;e, I haue often my &s;elfe ob&s;erued, and no doubt &s;o haue a many moe be&s;ides my &s;elfe. <HI>Reu&s;ner</HI> maketh this one of his &s;ignes to know whether the vrine were thinne at the fir&s;t making or no: for if it were &s;o, then when it thickeneth, it commonly &s;taineth the vrinall. Now when the &s;trength holdeth out, the patient may recouer, and not otherwi&s;e. I will in&s;tance in one onely, in whom I ob|&s;erued the vanitie of this opinion, and &s;hall &s;erue in &s;tead of a many to iu&s;tifie my a&s;&s;ertion.</P>
<P><HI>Some nine or ten yeares ago,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Hi&s;torie.</NOTE> <HI>I was &s;ollicited to affoord my pre&s;ence and be&s;t coun&s;ell to a Par&s;on, dwelling within &s;ome foure miles of the towne of Northampton, &s;urpri&s;ed with a burning feauer. Hauing diligently enquired what remedies he had hitherto v&s;ed (for if I re|member right, it was the tenth day of his di&s;ea&s;e) and by who&s;e pre|&s;cription, I learned that no le&s;&s;e then three at lea&s;t, if not foure Par|&s;on-Phy&s;itians had admini&s;tred to him, and then the mo&s;t famous for &V;romancie of all the countrey about: howbeit &s;ince that time &s;ome others are al&s;o crept into that &s;ocietie. I enquired moreouer whether Phlebotomie had bene as yet v&s;ed. They replyed that Phlebotomie had not bene &s;o much as once mentioned by any of them, but that they had purged him, as I thinke with Diaprunum, and I remember not what el&s;e, and appointed him &s;ome cooling drinkes. His wife added moreouer, that one of them thinking to purcha&s;e him&s;elfe &s;ome prai&s;e beyond his fellowes, would haue bribed Death with foue pounds worth of Aurum Potabile, which &s;he willingly payed for, in hope of her hu&s;|bands recouerie. But this importunate &s;uter would haue no nay;</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">This Par&s;on a chiefe proctor for aurum pota|bile in North|ampton&s;hire.</NOTE> <HI>but vrged &s;till the payment of the debt he came to demand. I told them that Phlebotomie, in due and conuenient time admini&s;tred, had proued a more &s;oueraigne medicine for this di&s;ea&s;e, then all the gold of Ophir and both the Indies. I being by them much importuned to let him bloud, ab&s;olutely refu&s;ed, his &s;trength being now well nigh &s;pent, and &s;ome ill &s;ignes (the vndoubted harbingers of death) offering them|&s;elues
<PB N="56" REF="135"> to my eyes, admini&s;tring onely &s;ome cordials. The next mor|ning I find all waxe wor&s;e and wor&s;e; howbeit his wife, &s;hewing me his vrine, which before had bene thinne, and now &s;etled to a thicke re&s;i|dence, a part whereof did &s;ticke to the &s;ides of the vrinall and &s;taine the &s;ame, which &s;he, beleeuing her neighbours, began to conceiue &s;ome better hope of his recouerie, and that onely vpon this fal&s;e ground. I a&s;&s;ured her of the contrary, which &s;hortly afterwards pro|ued too true, and the &s;ame day, being Saturday I departed. The Monday after comes one of his former Phy&s;itians (not the Par&s;on who mini&s;tred Aurum Potabile; for after the &s;ame he had no moe ar|rowes left in his quiuer) who, if faire buttered &s;peeches and perempto|rie promi&s;es could cure di&s;ea&s;es, he might cure more then euer did the Apo&s;tles: who then all too late letteth his patient bloud, who &s;urui|ued not long after the lo&s;&s;e of this liquor of life, but dyed either that night, or the next morning very early, being about the fourteenth day from the beginning of his di&s;ea&s;e.</HI> One thing I mu&s;t yet adde con|cerning the &s;ignification of thicke vrines, which de&s;erueth re|prehen&s;ion:<NOTE PLACE="marg">Ab&s;urd opinion of a Phy&s;itian, affirming one to be bewitched by the vrine onely.</NOTE> to wit, <HI>That a Phy&s;itian maintained, that he could know by the vrine that any were bewitched:</HI> to wit, that &s;uch a ones vrine was thicke and muddie, and could not by any heate be turned, as they terme it. To whom it was no le&s;&s;e learnedly then truly replyed, <HI>Did you neuer reade in Hippocrates of vrina confu&s;a?</HI> I cannot but much maruell, that any man that had euer &s;uckt in the principles and grounds of Phy&s;icke, &s;hould be &s;o farre ouer&s;eene, this being a peculiar propertie of &s;uch vrines, that they will not be turned by any heate what&s;oeuer. It is then apparent, how little certaintie is to be collected concerning the iudgement of di&s;ea&s;es, by the &s;ole in&s;pection either of thick or thinne vrines: to wit, that after many cautions and diuers interrogations, if thou meete with an vnder&s;tanding me&s;&s;enger, and the vrine &s;ent at a conuenient time, and all other circum|&s;tances ob&s;erued (which neuerthele&s;&s;e, &s;eldome or neuer con|curre altogether) and thou thy &s;elfe being wi&s;e and vnder&s;tan|ding, maye&s;t perhaps, learne &s;omething concerning the &s;tate of the di&s;ea&s;e, as cruditie and concoction; and it may be, &s;ome moe circum&s;tances, and yet the &s;trength of the patient (which is mo&s;t materiall, and the vulgar neuer able to iudge of the
<PB N="57" REF="135"> &s;ame) together with many other circum&s;tances, not to be neg|lected &s;hall be concealed from thee: many of our countrey peo|ple, being &s;o ignorant that they thinke their neighbour not a whit amended, vnle&s;&s;e he be able, as at other times, to fill his bellie with bag-pudding &amp; bacon. And moreouer the ordinary &s;ort of people are &s;eldome able to lay open either their owne or their neighbours infirmitie, they taking chiefly notice either of &s;ome accident common to many others, or el&s;e of &s;ome griefe mo&s;t affecting them. But be&s;ides the premi&s;&s;es,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Many things alter the iudge|ment of the v|rine.</NOTE> may not the thickne&s;&s;e of the vrinall, the dimne&s;&s;e of thy &s;ight, the ex|ce&s;&s;e or defect of light, or yet if it be brought to thee at candle light (&s;o &s;otti&s;h and ab&s;urd is the vulgar &s;ometimes) make thee to faile in thy iudgement? That I &s;ay nothing of the time of the yeare, according to the which as well the &s;ub&s;tance as the acci|dents do often alter in one and the &s;ame indiuiduall partie. O|thers adde al&s;o the &s;exe, the age and many moe, which I here o|mitting, will ha&s;ten to the accidents of vrine.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 N="2" TYPE="chapter">
<HEAD><HI>CHAP. II.</HI> Of the accidents of vrine, the quantitie, &s;mell, &amp;c. and that no certaine and a&s;&s;ured truth can by them be pre&s;aged or knowne.</HEAD>
<P>_THe accidents of vrine are all reduced to two ge|nerall heads, the quantitie and the qualitie.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Accidents of v|rine twofold.</NOTE> The quantitie is either great, &s;mall, or meane, which is the be&s;t.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Diuer&s;e &s;ignifi|cations of great abundance of v|rine in health.</NOTE> Abundance of vrine in health &s;igni|fieth, 1. that the partie hath drunke &s;tore of Rheni&s;h or other &s;earching wine. 2. abundance of moi&s;t meats. 3. little euacuation by &s;toole. 4. too liberall v&s;e of <HI>diuretickes,</HI> or &s;uch things as prouoke vrine. 5. the concoction of crude and vndige&s;ted food. 6. the retention of &s;weat, men&s;truous fluxe, or other moi&s;ture detained within the che&s;t or &s;tomacke, vnburthening them&s;elues this way. Concerning the retention of the like humidities, it may not &s;eeme &s;o &s;trange that they
<PB N="58" REF="136"> may be turned towards the pa&s;&s;ages of the vrine, but it may &s;eeme &s;tranger that the faecall excrements &s;hould produce this effect;<NOTE PLACE="marg">A<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">hor. vltimo lib <HI>4.</HI> <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">b. <HI>4.</HI> de genera|t<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">one an<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">m cap. <HI>4.</HI></NOTE> and yet <HI>Hippocrates</HI> witne&s;&s;eth the truth hereof: and be|&s;ides, <HI>Ari&s;totle</HI> relateth, that in <HI>Pirinthus</HI> there was a cow, which neuer had the pa&s;&s;age for her excrements open, but that the &s;ame were conuerted into a flatuous or windie &s;ub&s;tance, and then into vrine, and &s;o expelled. In &s;ickne&s;&s;e<NOTE PLACE="marg">In &s;ickne&s;&s;e.</NOTE> this abundance is likewi&s;e diuers wayes produced. 1. By meanes of the exce&s;&s;iue heate of the kidneyes, which draw abundantly &s;uch humidities, as in the <HI>Diabeticall</HI> di&s;ea&s;e, called by &s;ome a <HI>Pot-drop&s;ie.</HI> 2. Great euacuation of &s;uperfluous moi&s;ture. 3. The wa&s;ting away of the whole bodie, which commeth to pa&s;&s;e in burning <HI>feauers,</HI> and which was ob&s;erued by that famous Phy&s;itian <HI>Marcus Gati|naria</HI> in that maide of <HI>Milla<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> about &s;ome eighteene yeares of age,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Hi&s;torie.</HI> Mercur. lib. de vrin<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters"> cap <HI>6.</HI> ex Marco Gatina ria.</NOTE> <HI>who voyded euery day for fortie dayes together, fifteene pounds of vrine, whereas the quantitie of euery dayes meate and drinke ioyntly did neuer exceed the weight of foure pounds.</HI> 4. The ending of the di&s;ea&s;e. And in acute di&s;ea&s;es, the abundance of vrine is procu|red &s;ometimes, 1 by meanes of the <HI>feauers</HI> relenting. 2. By the change thereof into an <HI>Hecticke.</HI> 3. By a Conuul&s;ion. And be|&s;ides the premi&s;&s;es, it may be yet procured by diuer&s;e other meanes: as I remember a yong woman then vnmarried, who in the di&s;ea&s;e called the <HI>mother,</HI> voyded abundance of vrine, e&s;pe|cially during the time of her fits, b<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ing in the afternoones, and that for the &s;pace of foure dayes together, as hereafter &s;hall ap|peare when we &s;hall &s;peake of the colours of vrines. And often in the <HI>cri&s;es</HI> of acute di&s;ea&s;es the vrine is multiplied.<NOTE PLACE="marg">G<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">il. Adolph. Scribon. de vrin. in&s;pect. pag. <HI>41. 42. Another.</HI></NOTE> <HI>A man of Sena (&s;aith Scribonius) euery day did pi&s;&s;e foure or fiue iugs of v|rine, who &s;carce dranke halfe an Engli&s;h pint all the &s;aid &s;pace: what could a Phy&s;itian haue iudged by this quantitie?</HI> Thus then when thou &s;ee&s;t &s;o many cau&s;es of one and the &s;ame effect, to which of them can&s;t thou a&s;cribe it, vnle&s;&s;e thou be well acquainted with the particular circum&s;tances from the patients owne mouth? Small quantitie of vrine<NOTE PLACE="marg">Small quantitie of vrine by di|uers meanes.</NOTE> is likewi&s;e procured, 1. By dry diet. 2. By the v&s;e of tough and &s;limie meates. 3. By rea|&s;on of ob&s;tructions. 4. By rea&s;on of plentifull euacuation. 5. By meanes of a violent <HI>feauer.</HI> 6. By &s;ome hurt of the vrinarie
<PB N="59" REF="136"> ve&s;&s;els, as commeth &s;ometimes to pa&s;&s;e by rea&s;on of the cold di&s;temper of the bladder, procuring a <HI>pal&s;ie</HI> to that part. 7. By the decay of naturall heate, as commeth &s;ometimes to pa&s;&s;e in &s;uch as are readie to dye. 8. Becau&s;e the moi&s;ture is detained in &s;ome other part, as commeth to pa&s;&s;e in a <HI>Drop&s;ie.</HI> 9 By rea&s;on of &s;ome impo&s;tume in the fundament, the necke of the bladder, or in the wombe, which may &s;traiten the &s;aid pa&s;&s;age, that the vrine cannot come away in any great quan|titie. 10. The abundance of crude and raw humours may be a meanes of this &s;o &s;mall a quantitie. But I will yet adde &s;ome more out of the aforenamed <HI>Scribonius,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem ibidem.</NOTE> becau&s;e his words are &s;o &s;utable for our purpo&s;e, <HI>The like verdict may we al&s;o giue forth (&s;aith he) concerning the &s;mall quantitie of vrine, taking often its originall cau&s;e from the defect or &s;carcitie of meate and drinke; as al&s;o by meanes of &s;ome other euacuations: &s;uch as are &s;weat, excretions by &s;toole, and &s;uch like, which carrying the matter of the vrine ano|ther way, hinder the pa&s;&s;age thereof into the bladder, and by con&s;e|quent the expul&s;ion from thence. For this &s;ame cau&s;e &s;uch as be trou|bled with any laskes or fluxes do voide but a &s;mall quantitie of vrine, as Galen him&s;elfe declareth.</HI> Againe a little after,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Aphor.</HI> 83. <HI>lib.</HI> 4.</NOTE> he addeth the&s;e words: <HI>In the ob&s;truction of the Liuer and me&s;araicke veines, ex|perience it &s;elfe doth often teach vs, that a very &s;mall quantitie of v|rine is voyded. Now if any ones &s;eruant &s;hould bring vnto thee &s;uch an vrine, not acquainting thee with any other circumstance, why woulde&s;t thou giue &s;entence for an ob&s;truction rather then a laske? or for a laske rather then an ob&s;truction? Be&s;ides the premi&s;&s;es, in the Stone, the Drop&s;ie, and &s;uch other di&s;ea&s;es which hinder the genera|tion of v<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ine, no certaine iudgement can be collected from the &s;mall quantitie of the &s;ame.</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Another.</NOTE> <HI>And that thou mayest yet be more raui&s;hed with admiration, Rufus Ephe&s;us in his booke of the infirmitie of the reines, maketh mention of one, who (as &s;aith Praxagozas) aboue the &s;pace of twelue yeares voyded all his vrine by the bellie, and not by the ordinarie pa&s;&s;age. What then could a man haue iudged concerning this mans bladder, and the other parts depending thereupon?</HI> And this &s;hall &s;uffice for the quantitie of vrines, with the vncertaintie of the &s;ame: now come we to the qualities ob&s;erueable in them.</P>
<P>The next accident of vrine is the qualitie: and the qualities,
<PB N="60" REF="137"> as witne&s;&s;eth <HI>Mercuriale,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Mercur. l<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">b. de vrin. cap.</HI> 6. Of the &s;mell of vrines. Vrines without &s;mell.</NOTE> according to the doctrine of the <HI>Ara|bian Phy&s;itians,</HI> are fiue: the &s;mell, the ta&s;t, the &s;ound, the touch, and the colour. As for the &s;mell, vrines haue little or no &s;mell, or el&s;e a &s;weet and plea&s;ing &s;mell, or finally a &s;tinking &s;mell. No &s;mell, &s;aith <HI>Mercuriall, proceedeth from no other cau&s;e then from the extingui&s;hing of naturall heate: howbeit it may &s;ometimes pro|ceed from drinke of a cold qualitie, like as we &s;ee in cold countries, and the like complexions, the &s;mell of the vrine is not &s;o much to be di&s;cer|ned. &V;rines &s;mell well,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Vrines &s;melling well.</NOTE> <HI>either in regard of diet or drugs: but e&s;pecially by meanes of a temperate heate concocting well. Stinking vrines come by foure &s;euerall meanes.</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Stinking vrines with their &s;eue|rall &s;ignificatio~s.</NOTE> 1. <HI>By meanes of cruditie and indigestion of the food.</HI> 2. <HI>By rea&s;on of putrefaction. Galen witne&s;&s;eth, that what&s;oeuer thing is putrified hath an euill fauoured &s;mell.</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Ga<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">en lib. <HI>5.</HI> de &s;implic. med. facult.</NOTE> <HI>Wherefore in Pe&s;tilentiall feauers the vrines are mo&s;t commonly of a &s;tinking &s;mell. As al&s;o if the vrines pa&s;&s;e through any place oppre&s;&s;ed with pu|trid vlcers; or yet if any purulent matter be mingled with them, they become &s;tinking.</HI> 3. <HI>The too long retention of vrine in the bladder may make it to &s;tinke.</HI> 4. <HI>The qualitie either of diet or drugs, (as hath bene &s;aid of the good &s;mell of vrines) may likewi&s;e procure vnto it an euill &s;mell.</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Lib. de vrin. cap. <HI>3.</HI> rub. <HI>1.</HI></NOTE> Looke at large what <HI>Sauonarola</HI> &s;aith of this point, if thou be di&s;po&s;ed to &s;ee further. But what certaintie doth the &s;mell of the vrine affoord vs? who&s;oeuer &s;hall thinke to helpe his vncertaine coniectures by the &s;ame, <HI>&s;hould leape out of the frying pan (as the prouerbe &s;aith) into the fire.</HI> In the fir&s;t place it is to be ob&s;erued, that as well in &s;ickne&s;&s;e as in health, vrines may offer no plea&s;ing &s;mell to the no&s;e, and yet the party may be free from any danger at al. But becau&s;e healthfull folkes &s;eldome &s;end their vrines to the Phy&s;itian, we will let them pa&s;&s;e,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Loco prius cita|to.</NOTE> and come to the &s;icke. I will let <HI>Scribonius</HI> &s;peake for me. <HI>Concerning the &s;icks vrine (&s;aith he) mo&s;t do teach vs that &s;tinking vrines &s;ignifie putrefaction of humours, in &s;o much that by the diffe|rence of the &s;mels, they take vpon them to iudge of the &s;euerall hu|mours &s;o putrified.</HI> O wi&s;e woodcockes! <HI>I willingly yeeld to them, that &s;tinke or &s;trong &s;mell doth argue putrefaction in &s;uch vrines: but of which parts &s;hall this putrefaction be? whether of the bladder onely, or of the Liuer al&s;o, of the chest, or other members? Nay &s;o farre off is the &s;tinking &s;mell from giuing vs any particular notice of the di&s;ea&s;e,
<PB N="61" REF="137"> that it cannot &s;o much as affoord vs any certaine generall knowledge of the &s;ame. For many &s;weet &s;melling &s;imples (&s;aith Montanus) may cau&s;e a most &s;tinking vrine. Cholericke and hote complexioned men void often very &s;trong &s;melling vrines, how&s;oeuer free fro~ any di&s;ea&s;e, as I haue often ob&s;erued in my &s;elfe. And by what meanes, I pray thee, &s;hould&s;t thou from the &s;tinking &s;mell of the vrine know putrefaction? or how can this putrefaction procure this &s;tinking &s;mell? If this were &s;o, then would it nece&s;&s;arily follow, that who&s;oeuer were &s;ei&s;ed with a feauer proceeding from putrefaction of humours, &s;hould voyd &s;tinking vrines, the which is most fal&s;e. The truth of this a&s;&s;umption may from hence appeare, that for the mo&s;t part among an hundred &s;icke of &s;uch feauers, &s;carce &s;halt thou find one of their vrines &s;o to &s;mell, nor yet their bloud at the opening of a veine. And for this cau&s;e well &s;aid Sauonarola in his treati&s;e of Vrines, that there are other &s;ignes al&s;o to be ob&s;erued in the annoying of putrified members, if we purpo&s;e well and orderly to examine, trie and finde out any skill concerning vrines. And indeed a thou&s;and cau&s;es there are which may alter and change their &s;mell. By the &s;mell then onely there can neuer be any certaintie collected to informe our iudgements concerning any di&s;ea&s;e.</HI> But I am afraid the Reader will take it ill, that I &s;o long detaine him a|mong &s;o vnplea&s;ing &s;mels;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Medici certe de hac iudicandi ra|tione &s;cribentes digni e&s;&s;ent, qui in dies lotium potare cogeren|tur. Vpuparu~ po|tius quam Medi|corum haec tra|ctatio erit. Idem ibidem.</NOTE> and my &s;elfe begin to waxe wearie of &s;o vnworthie a thing, and as I neuer tooke any plea&s;ure in the &s;ame, &s;o here I leaue it to them that like it better. But if I &s;hould yet enter vpon the ta&s;t, I feare I &s;hould be wor&s;e taxed. I can tell no man their ta&s;t by mine owne experience. Salt they haue alwayes bene counted, as the teares likewi&s;e: If any be incredulous I will not hinder him. If our vrinemongers had no better beere allowed them, they would not &s;o much adore the pi&s;&s;epot as &s;ome of them do. But yet if any purpo&s;e to practi&s;e this point, I wi&s;h him to go to the <HI>Arabians,</HI> who haue written &s;o curiou&s;ly concerning this point; and it may be, in regard of their aromaticall drugs, their vrines may be of better ta&s;te then tho&s;e of our <HI>Europaeans,</HI> who feed on gro&s;&s;er food. As for the o|ther two qualities, the &s;ound and touch, we will &s;end them all in one &s;hip to <HI>Arabia</HI> with their fellowes: and now we come to the colours.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 N="3" TYPE="chapter">
<PB N="62" REF="138">
<HEAD><HI>CAAP. III.</HI> Of the colours of &V;rines, how deceitfull they proue, and fir&s;t of the colour commonly called palew or light &s;affron.</HEAD>
<P><NOTE PLACE="marg">Vrina meretrix.</NOTE>_IF euer vrine proued a &s;trumpet, it is of all other parts of the vrine mo&s;t apparently to be &s;eene in the colour. For as &s;ometimes &s;ome of the mo&s;t infamous &s;tewes &s;trumpets, infected it may be, with the poxe, do mo&s;t curiou&s;ly decke and a|dorne, by curious painting, &s;umptuous apparell, and &s;uch other enticing trickes, their loth&s;ome and filthie carka&s;&s;es, to the end they may more ea&s;ily deceiue &s;uch as will be caught in their &s;nares: doth it not often fare euen &s;o with the colour of the v|rine? For oftentimes when they make the faire&s;t &s;hew, doth not euen death knocke at the doore? My purpo&s;e is not here to make any phylo&s;ophicall di&s;cour&s;e concerning the cau&s;es of co|lours in generall, and then to apply the &s;ame to vrines in parti|cular, and &s;o to in&s;i&s;t vpon each &s;euerall colour: for this might proue too tedious, and perhaps, not &s;o pertinent to the purpo&s;e we haue in hand. And yet, notwith&s;tanding, I will &s;ay &s;ome|thing of each of the chiefe and principall colours; by the which it may more ea&s;ily be conceiued, that the like deceit may be &s;eene in the others like vnto them.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Palew and light &s;affron colour.</NOTE> Now my purpo&s;e is to begin with that colour which is the be&s;t of all others, being as it were the rule and &s;quare whereby we do di&s;cerne and iudge of the failings and defects of all the re&s;t. This colour is called in Latin <HI>Subrufus, &s;ubaureus,</HI> or <HI>&s;ubcroceus:</HI> and in Engli&s;h, palew, or light &s;affron. This colour our Phy&s;itians do generally account the be&s;t of all others, and that it be&s;t betokeneth exact conco|ction. Neither yet mu&s;t this fir&s;t and be&s;t colour arguing good concoction, be &s;imply and in it &s;elfe &s;o con&s;idered, but re&s;trai|ned to flouri&s;hing age. For in old men, women and children, (who&s;e vrines, e&s;pecially childrens, do commonly decline to|wards white and pale) it doth betoken that their bodies are too hote, either by rea&s;on of diet, exerci&s;e or &s;ome other meanes. But if one &s;hould bring vnto thee &s;uch an vrine, how could&s;t
<PB N="63" REF="138"> thou tell whether it were an old or a yong mans, a womans or a childs, the me&s;&s;enger not acquainting thee with the particular circum&s;tances? It may be thou wilt &s;ay, the contents will make the ca&s;e cleare. I an&s;wer, that many cau&s;es may depriue them of contents in part or altogether, as hereafter &s;hall appeare in the contents: and how the &s;ub&s;tance may alter, hath bene &s;aid alrea|die. The common opinion is, the higher the colour is, the grea|ter heat is argued; which opinion to be mo&s;t fal&s;e &amp; erronious, &s;hall hereafter in other colours appeare. Be&s;ides, may not a little extraordinarie watching, fa&s;ting, <HI>rheubarb, &s;affron, madder roots,</HI> or &s;uch like, colour the vrine without any exce&s;&s;e of heat? And will the &s;euerall &s;ea&s;ons of the yeare produce no alteration in the vrine? that I &s;ay nothing of an infinite number of other cau|&s;es, which may in like manner alter them. But one &s;ignification of &s;uch a coloured vrine I cannot here pa&s;&s;e by, which I remem|ber I once read in an Engli&s;h vrine booke: to wit,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Called the key of vnknowne knowledge, or a &s;hop of fiue windowes.</NOTE> that a maide which maketh an vrine of this colour, de&s;ireth the companie of a man. Doth not our mai&s;ter vrine-monger now diue into the depth of the matter? But good man, I know what, I can a&s;&s;ure thee that <HI>Tom</HI> and <HI>Dicke</HI> in the countrey can tell as well, that <HI>Maud</HI> the dairy maide would be married, by the reflected rayes and benigne a&s;pects of her &s;uperiour orbs vpon their hemi|&s;phaers, and the &s;uffering &s;ome &s;yllibubs and &s;ome other com|modities committed to her cu&s;todie, now and then to come into their po&s;&s;e&s;&s;ion; by this meanes hindering her mi&s;tre&s;&s;e to further her &s;elfe in her &s;uite: as the mo&s;t cunning pi&s;&s;e-prophet in all the countrie &s;hall do by the vrine, if he had as many eyes as euer had that watchfull <HI>Argus,</HI> or his no&s;e weighed downe with &s;pectacles. The <HI>&s;anguine</HI> and be&s;t complexioned (which by con&s;equence &s;hould produce the be&s;t vrines) are not alwayes the mo&s;t amorous. Many as ill coloured drabs as euer any hath &s;eene, haue not &s;ometimes bene behind the be&s;t complexioned Gentlewoman in the land in &s;uch a ca&s;e. And it is held by many that &s;uch are for the mo&s;t part <HI>&s;olaces.</HI> But now let vs proceed to &s;ome in&s;tances of the&s;e outward glorious appearances of v|rines of the be&s;t note,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Leuinus Lemnius de occultis natu|re mirac. lib. <HI>2.</HI> cap. <HI>37.</HI></NOTE> which neuerthele&s;&s;e fal&s;ified the tru&s;t re|po&s;ed in them. And fir&s;t I will in&s;tance in one taken out of a
<PB N="64" REF="139"> learned <HI>Germane</HI> author,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Hi&s;torie.</HI> Ia<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ob. Douinetus apol. lib. <HI>1.</HI> cap. <HI>8.</HI></NOTE> and then I will adde one of mine own experience.</P>
<P><HI>The iudgement of di&s;ea&s;es by the &s;ole in&s;pection of the vrine, is hard to attaine vnto, and of great difficultie: for &s;ometimes it commeth to pa&s;&s;e that the vrine, as well in colour as in all other points, doth &s;hew it &s;elfe of a very laudable conditio~ to the view of any iudicious eye, when, notwith&s;tanding, death &s;tandeth at the doore: the rea&s;on of this be|ing, that all di&s;ea&s;es are not ea&s;ily di&s;cerned, nor yet the dangers of them perceiued by the vrine alone; but &s;uch e&s;pecially as haue their being in the bladder, veines, kidneyes and Liuer. As it came to pa&s;&s;e anno</HI> 1581. <HI>in a yong man about</HI> 24. <HI>yeares of age newly married. This yong mans vrine being, as well in colour as contents, mo&s;t like vn|to an healthfull vrine, he being neither depriued of his accu&s;tomed appetite, either to meate or drinke, neither troubled with exce&s;&s;iue headeach, thir&s;t, watching, anxiety and to&s;&s;ing of his body too and fro; nor yet di&s;tempered with any noy&s;ome heate which might by fee|ling be di&s;cerned. The pul&s;e notwith&s;tanding, being weake, frequent and &s;wift with great inequalitie and feeblene&s;&s;e, gaue vs &s;ome coniectures of I know not what kinde of feauer, the which now and then was not without &s;ome exacerbations. Hence was I of opinion, that the vitall facultie did then by little and little decay; the v&s;e and nece&s;&s;itie whereof in euery action of this life is, not without great cau&s;e, thought to be of &s;uch weight and moment, that not onely doth it &s;uffice as matter for the re&s;t, but doth al&s;o &s;tirre vp and perfect the &s;ame, in cheri&s;hing them after a mo&s;t kinde and effectuall manner, in &s;o much as no part of the body can enioy the benefit of nouri&s;hment without the influence of this vitall facultie. This yong man therefore, b<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ing now wholly depriued of the &s;aid &s;pirits, it was no maruell if nature now de|caying, and wine, by the coun&s;ell of a certaine Phy&s;itian, being denied him now for certaine dayes, he did vpon the eight day make an ex|change of this cottage of clay for a farre better and happier inheri|tance,</HI></P>
<P>But to omit many other &s;tories by my &s;elfe and others ob|&s;erued,<NOTE PLACE="marg">In the yeare 1617. many dangerous ma|ligne feauers.</NOTE> which would yet mo&s;t pregnantly prooue and confirme the &s;ame, yet e&s;pecially in the yeare 1617. did this mo&s;t mani|fe&s;tly and plainly appeare. In the fore&s;aid yeare, being generally moi&s;t for the mo&s;t part; the Winter not Winter like, furni&s;hed
<PB N="65" REF="139"> with &s;uch fro&s;ts and tempe&s;tuous &s;tormes, as are not vn&s;ea&s;o|nable for that time of the yeare: it came to pa&s;&s;e that be&s;ides the &s;mall poxe, mea&s;els, and diuers other di&s;ea&s;es, there reig|ned not onely in Northampton&s;hire, but in many other places of the kingdome, a certaine kind of maligne, if not pe&s;tilen|tiall feauer, the which, by rea&s;on it &s;weept away the lu&s;tie&s;t people of either &s;exe, we may, and that not without good rea|&s;on, call it <HI>Stoup gallant.</HI> In this di&s;ea&s;e, as cometh often al&s;o to pa&s;&s;e in others of the like nature, the vrines of &s;ome, &s;uch as liued not long after, did appeare to the eye, both for colour and contents, of as laudable a condition as the vrine of the &s;ounde&s;t and healthfulle&s;t man in this kingdome. But among many I will mention but one, whereof I my &s;elfe was an eye-witne&s;&s;e.</P>
<P><HI>The&s;e fore&s;aid feauers in the towne of Northampton,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Another.</NOTE> <HI>and places adioyning, in the Spring of the yeare were very frequent, fierce and furious: towards Sommer they began &s;omewhat to relent, rea&s;&s;u|ming their former fiercene&s;&s;e towards the Harue&s;t quarter. In the aboue named yeare and quarter, about the latter end of September, a married woman of good account and reputation, liuing within this towne of Northampton, was &s;urpri&s;ed with the fore&s;aid feauer: of the which, becau&s;e at the fir&s;t it a&s;&s;aulted her after the manner of an intermittent Tertian ague, &s;he made but &s;mall reckoning but after the &s;pace of three or foure dayes, fearing that which afterwards came to pa&s;&s;e, being al&s;o hereunto per&s;waded by &s;ome of her friends, &s;he v&s;ed the adui&s;e of another Phy&s;itian and my &s;elfe. In a few dayes were by vs admini&s;tred all &s;uch meames, as either in rea&s;on or our daily experience we thought fitte&s;t to expell the cau&s;e of her di&s;ea&s;e, and re&s;tore her to her former health againe. But</HI> contra vim mor|tis, non e&s;t medicamen in hortis. <HI>Wherefore at length di&s;char|ging that debt which all the &s;onnes of Adam owe, &s;he was freed from the mi&s;eries of this mortall life, and entred into the po&s;&s;e&s;&s;ion of a bet|ter. Two or three dayes before her death, her vrine might both for colour and contents, haue giuen &s;uch &s;atisfaction and content to the mo&s;t eagle-eyed Phy&s;itian, that none by the &s;ight of the &s;ame could euer haue &s;uspected any imminent danger. In like manner if any one had felt her pul&s;e, without due con&s;ideration of the former dangerous
<PB N="66" REF="140"> accidents, which could not be concealed from a iudicious eye, ob&s;er|uing withall &s;en&s;ibly approach the di&s;&s;olution of this cra&s;ie cottage, he would no doubt with old Agag haue concluded:</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">1. Sam. 15.32.</NOTE> Surely the bitter|ne&s;&s;e of death is pa&s;t.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 N="4" TYPE="chapter">
<HEAD><HI>CHAP. IIII.</HI> Of red vrines, and how ea&s;ily one may thereby be deceiued, and of pi&s;&s;ing bloud.</HEAD>
<P>_PA&s;&s;ing by many other colours of vrine which Authors do here mention, attributing to each of them a &s;euerall &s;ignification; of all which, it were too much this &s;hort Treati&s;e &s;hould take vpon it to di&s;cour&s;e; con&s;idering al&s;o that the vncertaintie of the &s;ame may be partly colle|cted from that which hath bene &s;aid alreadie, and partly by &s;ome things yet to be handled hereafter: now I will cleare this point concerning red vrines. This colour of vrine, howbeit it hath many degrees, &s;ome being of an higher, and &s;ome againe of a lower coloured red: yet (&s;aith <HI>Galen</HI>) all are coloured with a greater or &s;maller portion of bloud therewith mingled. Ne|uerthele&s;&s;e, that this &s;ame colour of vrine is procured by the mixture, more or le&s;&s;e, not of bloud alone, but al&s;o of an high co|loured choller, ioyntly or &s;euerally according to the greater or &s;maller quantitie thereof, is not by a &s;mall number of learned Phy&s;itians maintained: as al&s;o that this &s;ame colour of vrine is often and v&s;ually &s;eene in hote and acute di&s;ea&s;es, is not vn|knowne to the very vulgar and vnlearned &s;ort of people. Now a many cau&s;es may bring foorth this effect: this colour of vrine higher or lower appearing in a many hote and acute di&s;ea&s;es; which would puzzle a good Phy&s;itian, by the bare &s;ight of &s;uch an vrine,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Dangerous to let bloud vpon the bare &s;ight of an high red coloured vrine.</NOTE> to know what di&s;ea&s;e it were. But yet is not this rule &s;o infallibly true, that it admitt<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">th of no exception, as is the o|pinion of many. And therefore mo&s;t erroneous and dangerous is the practi&s;e of &s;uch, as vpon the bare &s;ight of an high colou|red
<PB N="67" REF="140"> vrine, pre&s;ently without any further deliberation or enquiry of circum&s;tances, both pre&s;cribe Phlebotomie, and admini&s;ter all maner of cooling medicines, to the great &amp; ineuitable dan|ger and preiudice of the patient: from the which errour al&s;o the learned <HI>Arabian Auicenna</HI> is not free, as our learned late writers haue well ob&s;erued. And as I deny not but that this may often prooue true; &s;o on the other &s;ide, it is mo&s;t certaine, that the vrine may be of &s;uch a colour, and yet either proceed from a cold cau&s;e, or el&s;e from &s;ome imbecillitie and weake|ne&s;&s;e, as cometh &s;omtimes to pa&s;&s;e in Drop&s;ies, &amp;c. But le&s;t this &s;hould &s;eeme &s;tuffe of mine owne braine, and hatched at home, heare from the mouth of a worthie Author,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rhemb. Dod. ob|&s;eruat. medic. cap. <HI>32.</HI></NOTE> &s;omething con|cerning the &s;ame purpo&s;e. <HI>It is not &s;eldome ob&s;erued, that the vrine, by rea&s;on of a commixtion of bloud with it, doth appeare of a red co|lour: but by rea&s;on that it is either thicke or clotted, it is no great difficultie to di&s;cerne the &s;ame. But that &s;o thinne a bloud &s;hould be mingled with it, that not the &s;ub&s;tance of the vrine, but the colour onely &s;hould be altered, is but &s;eldome &s;eene. Such a ca&s;e befell a young man of</HI> 28. <HI>yeares of age or neare by.</HI></P>
<P><HI>This young man voided an vrine of an high red colour,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Hi&s;torie.</NOTE> <HI>and thinne &s;ub&s;tance for many dayes together, being very like to the vrines made in hote acute feauers. The afore&s;aid patient had v&s;ed the aduice of diuers ancient learned Phy&s;itians, who had appointed him &s;uch meanes as are v&s;ed for the cooling of hote Liuers. At length he re|paired to my &s;elfe, at that time but a young Phy&s;itian. Looking on his vrine, and withall &s;eeing it of &s;o high a red colour, as al&s;o percei|uing him, who was there pre&s;ent, free from any feauer, I asked him whether heretofore he had complained of any: which he denyed, ad|ding moreouer, that for &s;ome moneths by-pa&s;t he had felt a chilne&s;&s;e and coldne&s;&s;e, together with a great extenuation or leanne&s;&s;e, and &s;hortne&s;&s;e of breath, ioyned with a generall decay of &s;trength; as al&s;o that hitherto he had found no benefit by &s;uch meanes as he had v&s;ed. All which hauing attentiuely heard, I thought good to keepe by me the &s;aid vrine vntill the next day, and then to view the re&s;idence thereof, the which was of a colour like vnto bloud, as being indeed no|thing el&s;e but bloud, the vrine aboue it, being but very little, dyed with a pale yellow colour; &s;hewing no &s;igne or token at all of any feauer.
<PB N="68" REF="141"> For the which cau&s;e I did then collect, that there was no exorbitant heate in his Liuer, but a great weakene&s;&s;e in the kidneyes, by rea&s;on whereof the ends of the &s;mall veines being opened and loo&s;ened, let &s;ome part of the bloud pa&s;&s;e away. And therefore I tooke a new cour&s;e for curing of the &s;ame, by v&s;ing &s;uch meanes as were fit for the corro|borating and &s;trengthening of the kidneyes and veines, not omitting fit And conuenient diet, and among other things, goats milke. And &s;o at length the vrine came to its owne naturall colour againe, his bodie al&s;o enioying the benefit of nouri&s;hment as it was wont informer times: and thus in a &s;hort time recouered his vigour, &s;trength, and former perfect health againe.</HI></P>
<P><NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem Dod. in &s;chol.</NOTE>Such an excretion of bloud, which cometh thus to pa&s;&s;e by rea&s;on of the loo&s;ene&s;&s;e and widene&s;&s;e of the mouthes of the &s;mall veines, or yet of the thinne&s;&s;e of bloud, is commonly cal|led <HI>Diapede&s;is:</HI> that is, as much as a &s;treining through. It cometh al&s;o to pa&s;&s;e, that &s;ome bloud is voyded by vrine many other wayes: &s;ometimes &s;ome great &s;tone fre<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ting the pa&s;&s;ages be|twixt the kidneyes and the bladder, called <HI>Vreteres,</HI> bloud doth al&s;o accompanie the vrine, but withall it is blacke and clotted. The &s;tone continuing for &s;ome certaine &s;pace in the bladder, prooueth likewi&s;e &s;ometimes the cau&s;e of this inconuenience, and that e&s;pecially after riding, or &s;ome other violent motion of the bodie. In women al&s;o &s;ome part of their men&s;truous fluxe is &s;ometimes intermingled with it. Sometimes againe the bloud i&s;&s;uing out of the gummes, being &s;uddenly &s;topt, doth &s;earch for it &s;elfe a pa&s;&s;age through the bladder. The kidneyes being wounded, fir&s;t doth bloud i&s;&s;ue out by the vrines, and afterwards matter mingled with it: as it befell that woman which was &s;tabbed in the loynes with a dagger, fir&s;t voyding blouddie vrines, then afterwards mingled with matter, vntill &s;uch time as both the wound and the kidneyes were cured. And that this was a wound in the kidneyes, did plainly appeare, by &s;ome portion of the &s;ame taken out of the wound. The exulce|ration of the kidneyes is al&s;o accompanied with bloudie vrine, after the which (vnle&s;&s;e remedie be in due and conuenient time procured) matter doth follow. It is likewi&s;e &s;ometimes &s;eene, that decrepit old men do voyd vrines mingled with bloud,
<PB N="69" REF="141"> which are of a blacki&s;h colour, accompanied with &s;ome red, the which doth declare, that the vigour and power of the kidneyes is almo&s;t quite aboli&s;hed.</P>
<P>But I wi&s;h thee yet to lend thine eare a little to the &s;ame Au|thor, yet againe in a &s;torie or two more,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem ob&s;eruat. medicin. cap. <HI>31.</HI></NOTE> which will adde not a little light to this matter.</P>
<P>The vrine doth appeare of a reddi&s;h colour, not onely when the Liuer is &s;urpri&s;ed with a Gangrene, or the bodie with any hote or acute di&s;ea&s;e, &s;uch as are Tertian agues, burning fea|uers inflammation of the internall parts: but often al&s;o in the debilitie, weakene&s;&s;e, and coldne&s;&s;e of the Liuer or &s;tomach, proceeding from long and lingring di&s;ea&s;es. The like tincture it receiueth now and then in the extreame pinching Collicke pa&s;&s;ion, when as &s;ome tough and clammie humours po&s;&s;e&s;&s;ing the guts, do hinder the pa&s;&s;age of the faecall excrements.</P>
<P><HI>A Gentleman of account</HI> (&s;aith he) <HI>voyded vrine of a very high red colour, howbeit free from any feauer:</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Hi&s;torie.</NOTE> <HI>being at the &s;ame time much tormented with the Collicke, accompanied with a retention of the faecall excrements. After the iniection of an anodine, or mitigating gli&s;ter, the paine was much ea&s;ed, and withall the vrine became of a remi&s;&s;e and light colour, &s;uch as it was wont to be in his former health. After a &s;hort &s;pace his vrine rea&s;&s;umed againe its former high colour, vntill &s;uch time as by frequent reiteration of gli&s;ters, the vrine at length per&s;i&s;ted in that laudable &s;tate and condition once before be|gun, the bodie al&s;o without any artificiall meanes performed its ordi|narie functions.</HI></P>
<P><HI>A Citizen of good account, about fiftie yeares of age,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Another.</HI> Idem Ibidem.</NOTE> <HI>being freed from a Quartane ague, which had held him for the &s;pace of foure or fiue moneths, fell into that kind of laske which we commonly call</HI> Li|enteria. <HI>His excretions by &s;toole were very liquid and crude, and no remainder of the heate of the Ague to be di&s;cerned. His vrines al&s;o were of as high a red colour, as is at any time to be &s;eene in the mo&s;t violent burning feauers, or inflammations of the inward parts. But yet did I not build vpon any &s;o rotten a foundation, but hauing a more watchfull eye on other matters, I thought it nece&s;&s;arie in the fir&s;t place to haue a care of the &s;tomach, and in the next place of the Liuer, both being by meanes of the former Quarterne ague, not a little
<PB N="70" REF="142"> weakened. For this end and purpo&s;e I pre&s;cribed his diet in qualitie hote and drie, allowing him for his drinke the be&s;t and &s;tronge&s;t wines, &s;uch as are Sacke and Canarie. Phy&s;icall meanes were</HI> Diagalanga, Diatrion-pipereon, <HI>and &s;uch like. By continuance of which meanes, this much at length was obtained, that the faecall excrements did now &s;hew forth good concoctio~, the vrines al&s;o as in his former perfect health. After all the premi&s;&s;es the aforementioned patient a&s;&s;uring him&s;elfe of perfect health, did &s;ecretly fall againe to the too liberall drinking of beere. Immediatly after this di&s;order, the colour of his vrine was againe altred into an high deepe red, vndoubtedly declaring vnto vs, that &s;ometimes the vrines receiue an high and deepe colour, by rea&s;on of the cruditie and coldne&s;&s;e of the &s;tomach.</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Vrine &s;ome|times red by rea&s;on of the cruditie of the &s;tomach.</NOTE> <HI>After that time therefore he refrained againe from beere, vpon the which his vrine returned to its former laudable condition, neither did he after that v&s;e any beere, vntill &s;uch time as he had perfectly recouered his for|mer health againe.</HI></P>
<P>The&s;e things haue I related, becau&s;e of the ignorance and error of many, who are per&s;waded, that the vrine cannot be died with &s;o high a colour, any other way then by heate, who when&s;oeuer they &s;ee &s;uch an vrine brought to them, the patient being tormented with the Collicke, they very vnadui&s;edly and ra&s;hly haue recour&s;e to the cure of a feauer, neglecting the cure of the Collicke, which by the&s;e meanes they are &s;o farre from curing, that they do rather much increa&s;e the paine of the &s;ame. But if the&s;e men had read <HI>Galen</HI> to <HI>Glauco,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Lib. <HI>1.</HI> cap. de &s;ig|nis quotidianae intermitt.</NOTE> they could not be ignorant y^t vrines &s;ometimes do appeare of a reddi&s;h colour in cold di&s;ea&s;es, or at lea&s;t &s;uch as are not very much di&s;tempered with heate. For writing of the Quotidian ague, which hath for materiall cau&s;e, crude and raw humours, thus he writeth: <HI>In Quotidian agues the vrines are either white, or thicke and muddie, or el&s;e of a red colour.</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">In comment. in praedict. locum.</NOTE> <HI>Martinus Akakia</HI> in his Commentarie addeth, that the vrines then become of a reddi&s;h colour, when as by weakne&s;&s;e of the Liuer or the veines, the red wateri&s;h &s;ub&s;tance i&s;&s;ueth out with the vrine.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Hieron. Reu&s;ner. in &s;chol. ad cap. <HI>22.</HI> Ioh. Willich. de prob. vrin.</NOTE> <HI>Fernelius</HI> al&s;o, <HI>lib.</HI> 6. <HI>pathol. cap.</HI> 13. writeth that they are not a little deceiued, who do a&s;|cribe bloudie vrine, or that which is of a red windie colour, re&s;embling the wa&s;hings of raw bloudie fle&s;h, vnto the imbe|cillitie
<PB N="71" REF="142"> and weakne&s;&s;e of the Liuer: for he cannot conceiue how that bloud can come from any other part of the bodie without &s;ome indi&s;po&s;ition of the kidneys. But yet (by the leaue of &s;o learned a man) many things there be which make again&s;t this a&s;&s;ertion. For oftentimes by experience we &s;ee ma|ny plethoricke young men, feeding on abundance of daintie di&s;hes, &amp; liuing in ea&s;e and idlene&s;&s;e, to pi&s;&s;e bloud by meanes of a relaxation of &s;ome veine,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Per <GAP LANG="grc" DESC="foreign" RESP="OXF">.</NOTE> who by the onely meanes of Phlebotomie, together with the application of &s;ome <HI>Empla|&s;ticke</HI> remedie to the region of the Liuer, (about the which place they &s;ay, they find &s;ome weight ioyned with &s;ome di&s;ten|tion, reaching vp to the right &s;houlder) are perfectly cured. And who can here I pray thee, accu&s;e the kidneyes, there be|ing no paine nor trouble at all felt in the making of his vrine?</P>
<P>And thus may the deceit and vncertaine iudgement had by the varietie of the&s;e red vrines in hote or cold di&s;ea&s;es ea&s;ily be conceiued, for the which cau&s;e I will here &s;urcea&s;&s;e from in|&s;i&s;ting any more vpon them: but now, becau&s;e mention hath bene made of &s;ome &s;mall quantity of bloud i&s;&s;uing foorth with the vrines, we will &s;ay &s;omething of the abundant pi&s;&s;ing of bloud, illu&s;trating it by &s;ome authorities, as heretofore we haue done.</P>
<P>Now as the&s;e vrines of an high and inten&s;e red colour,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Of pi&s;&s;ing of bloud.</NOTE> do &s;trike a terrour often in the beholders, much more doth this li|quor of life (the bloud it &s;elfe I meane) i&s;&s;uing out of the vrina|rie pipes and pa&s;&s;ages, cau&s;e no &s;mall amazement to the eyes of the ignorant, and &s;ometimes of the more iudicious beholder of it. And yet doth not this alwayes portend &s;o infallible and vndoubted danger, as by many is deemed. Sometimes indeed the danger is &s;o great, that not onely a meane and ordinarie vnder&s;tanding, but a more refined iudgement, may iu&s;tly feare the future danger: as in the rupture of &s;ome great veine neare the Liuer, or the kidneyes, after which doth an vlcer often en|&s;ue, and after a long torturing and tormenting paine, Death mo&s;t commonly maketh an end of their &s;o mi&s;erable and pain|full life. Sometimes againe this fluxe prooueth very &s;afe and
<PB N="72" REF="143"> &s;ecure, as in criticall and periodicall excretions. But heare, I pray thee,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Aretaeus Cappa|dox. lib. <HI>4.</HI> cap. <HI>3.</HI> diuturn. morb.</NOTE> an ancient Author deliuer his opinion concerning this point.</P>
<P>Some men there are, who by certaine turnes, and at certaine times do pi&s;&s;e bloud abundantly, being a di&s;ea&s;e not vnlike to the haemorrhoides or piles. The &s;tate and con&s;titution of their bodie al&s;o is not vnlike: for they are very pale, dull, &s;luggi&s;h, and lumpi&s;h: they loath their food, and after this excretion of bloud, there followeth a certaine re&s;olution and faintne&s;&s;e of their ioynts, their head notwith&s;tanding becometh much lighter and better. But if at this accu&s;tomed and wonted pe|riod of time, there &s;hall happen a &s;uppre&s;&s;ion or &s;toppage of the afore&s;aid fluxe, they are pre&s;ently &s;urpri&s;ed with a great head-ach, their eye-&s;ight waxing dim, &s;econded with a giddi|ne&s;&s;e and &s;wimming in the head. Vpon which occa&s;ion it com|meth to pa&s;&s;e, that many of them fall into the falling &s;ickne&s;&s;e: &s;ome of them againe being puffed vp and &s;wollen, with their eye-&s;ight &s;omewhat darkened, do re&s;emble <HI>Hydropicke</HI> per|&s;ons: others are oppre&s;&s;ed with melancholicke di&s;ea&s;es, and &s;ome againe with Paralyticke pa&s;&s;ions. All the&s;e inconueni|ences do follow vpon the &s;uppre&s;&s;ion of any former fluxe of bloud.</P>
<P><NOTE PLACE="marg">Holler. Schol. ad cap. <HI>52.</HI> lib. <HI>1.</HI> de morb. Vde ibidem plu|ra, vt &amp; apud Schenck. ob&s;er|uat. medicin. lib. <HI>3.</HI> tit. de &s;ang. mictu.</NOTE><HI>Sometimes pi&s;&s;ing of bloud</HI> (&s;aith <HI>Hollerius) is criticall, and com|meth by certaine turnes and &s;et times: and with &s;uch a one was trou|bled a certaine Nun mentioned by Mu&s;a, who euery moneth vpon the &s;uppre&s;&s;ion of her monethly di&s;ea&s;e, did pi&s;&s;e bloud in abun|dance. Archembault the Coun&s;eller, by turnes did &s;ometimes ca&s;t vp by the mouth, and &s;ometimes did voyd it downewards by &s;toole, and againe at other times by the yard. Some at the pa&s;&s;ing away of the Spring do pi&s;&s;e bloud; and this I find written by Archigenes, that &s;ome do by certaine turnes voyd great &s;tore of bloud by the yard, being fir&s;t collected in and about the kidneyes, and that they find them&s;elues much ea&s;ed thereby.</HI></P>
<P><NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Hi&s;torie.</HI> Marcell. Donat. lib. <HI>4.</HI> cap. <HI>29.</HI> hi&s;t. med.</NOTE><HI>I am very familiarly acquainted with one Donatus Arrigonius, a merchant of our towne, who in his iourney to the faire of Bohan, which is held three or foure times a yeare, in his iourney ob&s;erued, that he was &s;urpri&s;ed with the Iaundi&s;e. Afterwards as he was
<PB N="73" REF="143"> vpon his iourney homewards to Mantua, and fa&s;t a&s;leepe in his Inne, being accompanied with another friend, who lay in the &s;ame bed with him, vpon the &s;udden there i&s;&s;ued out at his yard, of its owne accord, great &s;tore of blacki&s;h bloud; in&s;o much that his companion being all wet with the bloud wakened him, being almo&s;t halfe dead; and with much ado, at length brought him home to Mantua againe; but with|all quite freed from his Iaundi&s;e.</HI></P>
<P><HI>A certaine yong man, after the eating of great &s;tore of garlicke,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Another.</NOTE> <HI>pi&s;&s;ed afterwards great abundance of bloud; and after a little while &s;ignes of an impo&s;tume in the kidneyes might be ob&s;erued: to wit, &s;ome matter i&s;&s;uing forth from the &s;ame: from whence I did collect, that the &s;harpne&s;&s;e of the humour had cau&s;ed an excoriation in the&s;e parts, by meanes of the opening of &s;ome veine.</HI></P>
<P><HI>I did &s;ee at Mothon a man who with a fall off a ladder filled halfe a chamber pot with the bloud he pi&s;&s;ed;</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Another.</NOTE> <HI>who immediatly after the taking of a little Lemnian earth did recouer: the bloud came without any vrine; and that, perhaps, becau&s;e the contu&s;ion was not farre di|&s;tant from his yard.</HI></P>
<P><HI>About &s;ome nine or ten yeares ago,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Another.</NOTE> <HI>an Inne-keeper of Northamp|ton, a fat and corpulent man, hauing now and then voyded &s;ome &s;mall quantitie of bloud with his vrine did, notwithstanding but little re|gard the &s;ame; vntill &s;uch time as he fell into a totall &s;uppre&s;&s;ion of v|rine; the paine whereof made him ca&s;t forth &s;uch pitifull cries and complaints, that his &s;orrowfull neighbours did much commi&s;erate his di&s;tre&s;&s;ed e&s;tate. His wife no le&s;&s;e perplexed then amazed, at this &s;o &s;udden and vnexpected accident, at his de&s;ire &s;ent to intreat my ayde and coun&s;ell in this his &s;o great extremitie. Some halfe an houre or le&s;&s;e after the admini&s;tration of a diureticke drinke inwardly, and a Catapla&s;me outwardly applyed to his &s;hare, he filled almo&s;t a chamber pot with bloud, &s;ome &s;mall quantitie of vrine being mingled with the &s;ame: whereupon followed immediatly ea&s;e and alleuiation of all his former annoyance. The &s;ame night, about an houre after, he &s;ent me a little wooden di&s;h almo&s;t halfe full of gobbets of congealed and clot|ted bloud, re&s;embling the &s;ub&s;tance of the Liuerie &s;elfe. The next morning againe he &s;ent me an vrinall almo&s;t full of bloud voyded at the &s;ame place, no vrine to the iudgement of the eye at the fir&s;t to be di&s;cerned mingled with the &s;ame I cau&s;ed him bleed oftner then once,
<PB N="74" REF="144"> be&s;ides other fit and conuenient remedies, as well in diet as otherwi&s;e; and yet this fluxe continued le&s;&s;e or more for &s;ome few dayes after. In the &s;pace of one weeke he lo&s;t in all aboue a gallon of bloud. For pre|uention I wi&s;hed him, be&s;ides good diet (hard to be ob&s;erued by people of that profe&s;&s;ion) with corroboratiue and other medicines fit for that purpo&s;e, with &s;peciall regard to the Liuer, not to neglect Phlehotomie, at lea&s;t euery Spring and Fall, which he duely put in practi&s;e for the fir&s;t yeare: and, for any thing I could euer heare, was litle or nothing troubled after that time with this infirmitie. After this he liued at lea&s;t three yeares, and then dyed &s;uddenly; of the cau&s;e whereof here to di&s;cour&s;e, were be&s;ides my pre&s;ent purpo&s;e.</HI> Diuer&s;e others haue now and then by me bene ob&s;erued, troubled with the like eua|cuation, without any great hurt or hinderance to their health; whom to auoide prolixitie and tediou&s;ne&s;&s;e, I here willingly pa&s;&s;e by: onely one I will touch but in two words.</P>
<P><NOTE PLACE="marg">Another.</NOTE><HI>A little child aboue fiue yeares of age, v&s;ed at diuer&s;e times to pi&s;&s;e pure bloud, not keeping any certaine times or turnes. This the Gentlewoman her &s;elfe the childs grandmother, dwelling not farre from the towne of Northampton told me; who did likewi&s;e affirme, that &s;he had not di&s;cerned any hurt he had &s;ustained by the &s;ame: yet notwith&s;tanding for feare of &s;ome future inconuenience, and after en|&s;uing danger, was de&s;irous to v&s;e &s;ome meanes for preuention: which being by &s;ome occa&s;ions then deferred, the child afterwards departed out of the&s;e quarters into another countrey, where what &s;ince befell him I cannot tell.</HI></P>
<P>But now let vs proceed to &s;ome other colours of vrines; for here I thinke hath bene found as &s;mall certaintie as in the for|mer.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 N="5" TYPE="chapter">
<PB N="75" REF="144">
<HEAD><HI>CHAP. V.</HI> Of blacke vrines, and that they are not alwayes &s;o dangerous as they are deemed: as al&s;o of blew, a&s;h-coloured, or leaden and greene coloured vrines, together with their &s;eue|rall &s;ignifications and vncertainties.</HEAD>
<P>_THe highe&s;t and inten&s;e&s;t of all other colours,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><GAP LANG="grc" DESC="foreign" RESP="OXF">.</NOTE> is the blacke; the which when it pre&s;enteth it &s;elfe to the view of the eye in any vrine, it &s;triketh no &s;mall feare and terror in the minds of mo&s;t men; yea and &s;ometimes of tho&s;e of no ordinarie vn|der&s;tanding. That this feare was not altogether without &s;ome ground,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><P>Hippoc. progno&s;i. lib. <HI>2.</HI> aph. <HI>29.</HI> <GAP LANG="grc" DESC="foreign" RESP="OXF">.</P>
<P>Idem in coac. &s;ect. <HI>27.</HI> aph. <HI>16. 1.</HI> de cri&s;. cap. <HI>12.</HI> &amp; alibi.</P>
<P>Comm. <HI>3.</HI> in lib. <HI>3.</HI> epid.</P></NOTE> may be &s;eene by &s;ome pa&s;&s;ages of our old father <HI>Hippo|crates,</HI> who doth peremptorily affirme, that as well in men as in women, blacke vrines are alwayes dangerous. And of the like opinion and iudgement was once his tru&s;tie interpreter <HI>Galen,</HI> confidently auouching that he neuer knew any one re|couer who&s;e vrine was altogether blacke; howbeit the danger was the le&s;&s;er if the re&s;idence onely were blacke: le&s;&s;e againe if the middle part or &s;wimme, and lea&s;t of all if the cloud onely were of this colour. Howbeit the &s;ame <HI>Galen</HI> in another place affirmeth, <HI>That if there be a retention of a womans monethly fluxe of melancholicke bloud, there is no cau&s;e of feare, if in &s;uch a ca&s;e the vrine appeare blacke to the eye.</HI> And againe,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Comm. <HI>3.</HI> in lib. <HI>1.</HI> epid.</NOTE> in the &s;torie of that woman who being &s;urpri&s;ed with &s;ickne&s;&s;e the &s;econd day after &s;he was brought to bed, the third day <HI>&s;he voyded thinne blacki&s;h vrines. Galen</HI> &s;peaketh of no further inconuenience to en&s;ue vp|pon the &s;ame, but maketh onely mention of a certaine commo|tion and agitation of the humours of the body, ioyned with a a certaine conflict: and yet of all &s;orts of blacke vrines this thin blacke is counted the be&s;t.<NOTE PLACE="marg"><P><HI>Of blacke v|rines.</HI></P>
<P><HI>Hi&s;torie.</HI></P>
<P>Iohann. Bel. fort. comm in lib. de vrin.</P>
<P>Gal. attrib. pag. <HI>72.</HI></P></NOTE> <HI>Blacke vrines</HI> may be voyded both in health and al&s;o in &s;ickne&s;&s;e, e&s;pecially by way of criticall ex|cretion. And fir&s;t in health let this en&s;uing hi&s;torie &s;peake.</P>
<P><HI>I cannot well approue of the opinion of Chri&s;tophorus a &V;ega, who maintaineth that it is altogether impo&s;&s;ible that any liuing in perfect health &s;hould voyd a blacke vrine: his rea&s;on is, becau&s;e &s;o great a
<PB N="76" REF="145"> quantitie of that humour as may thus colour the vrine, can hardly be collected within the veines of an healthfull man. But how&s;oeuer in a laudable and healthfull con&s;titution of body, it doth not &s;o much abound in the veines as do the other humours, yet is it on the other &s;ide mo&s;t cer<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">aine, that this humour doth abound in that temperature of body which is cold and drie, &s;ince that from thence the cold and dry con&s;titution taketh its name. And this did I my &s;elfe ob&s;erue in a cer|taine Monke of the order of the Carmes, and Spaniard by nation, of the colde&s;t and drie&s;t con&s;titution of body that euer I did yet know, who for the &s;pace of &s;ixe whole yeares, during his abode here with vs, and that in perfect good health, made alwayes a blacke vrine: and be|ing yet further demanded of vs concerning the continuance of it, did confidently affirme vnto vs, that &s;o had he done the whole cour&s;e of his life. And why not? May not a blacke and melancholicke bloud, &s;upplying the place of the haemorrhoides or piles, being expelled by v|rine, dye the &s;ame with the afore&s;aid colour? As al&s;o the like excretion of vrine &s;o colored hath bene ob&s;erued in one</HI> Tardanellus <HI>an Italian, who did all his life time (liuing notwith&s;tanding in perfect health) continually voyd &s;uch an vrine. Neither yet is it without rea&s;on, that the noy&s;ome humour is &s;o &s;coured away, to the end that the &s;tate and con&s;titution of the body, compo&s;ed of, and cheri&s;hed by &s;uch an humor, may be pre&s;erued &s;ound and in perfect health.</HI></P>
<P><NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Another.</HI> Guil. Adolph. Scriben. lib. de vrinar, in&s;pect.</NOTE><HI>I did once &s;ee a Knights vrine of a very blacke colour, who not|with&s;tanding, was not &s;icke at all, and much le&s;&s;e in danger of death.</HI> Againe a little after. <HI>There was al&s;o a yong &s;choller, who being free from any di&s;ea&s;e, voyded &s;ometimes vrine of &s;o blacke a colour, that who&s;oeuer did &s;ee it, did &s;uppo&s;e it to be inke.</HI></P>
<P><NOTE PLACE="marg">Actuar. lib. <HI>2.</HI> cap. <HI>20.</HI> de iudic. vrin.</NOTE>The &s;torie of <HI>Actuarius</HI> his &s;eruant, doth al&s;o confirme, that in perfect health the vrine may be died with a blacke inkie colour without any further danger, as it came to pa&s;&s;e in this partie, who&s;e vrine after the drinking of a medicine again&s;t melan|cholie, at fir&s;t was of a blacki&s;h colour like vnto inke comming afterwards to a blewi&s;h, and at la&s;t to its owne naturall colour againe.</P>
<P><NOTE PLACE="marg">Another.</NOTE><HI>I was my &s;elfe very familiarly acquainted with a reuerend and graue Diuine, who liued &s;ometime in this towne of Northampton, who did at diuers times, yet liuing in perfect health, voyde great abun|dance
<PB N="77" REF="145"> of blacke vrine. And yet a long time before his death, nor yet during the time of his &s;ickne&s;&s;e, I neuer knew him voyd any of that co|lour.</HI></P>
<P>That this blacke vrine may prooue a criticall excretion,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Blacke vrines critical in diuers di&s;ea&s;es.</NOTE> not in acute di&s;ea&s;es, but euen in &s;uch as are not partakers of that violence; as in di&s;ea&s;es of the <HI>&s;pleene</HI> and <HI>kidneyes,</HI> cannot be de|nied, &amp;c. But I produce my authorities.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Thomas a Vega comm. ad lib. <HI>6.</HI> Gal. de loc. af|fect. pag. <HI>342.</HI></NOTE> We mu&s;t not vnadui|&s;edly and without any limitation, iump with the iudgement of <HI>Galen</HI> in condemning of blacke vrines. For how&s;oeuer he did neuer perhaps &s;ee any &s;aued after the voyding of &s;uch an vrine, yet haue diuer&s;e other of no &s;mall note and fame &s;ince his time &s;eene and ob&s;erued the &s;ame: for the which cau&s;e it ought not &s;o much to be condemned; nay not if thou woulde&s;t euen tye thine a&s;&s;ertion to acute di&s;ea&s;es: yea though thou &s;houlde&s;t yet further &s;uppo&s;e many other bad and dangerous &s;ignes to con|curre with the &s;ame. For be&s;ides <HI>Rha&s;es, Auicenna,</HI> and <HI>Actu|arius, Hippocrates</HI> him&s;elfe, in his epidemicall hi&s;tories, did ob|&s;erue, that &s;ome with &s;uch vrines did recouer. The vrine there|fore may be often of that colour without any imminent dan|ger to the patient, and that vpon the taking of any meate, drinke, or medicine, of a blacke colour, &amp; perhaps indued with a <HI>diureticall</HI> qualitie; concerning which there is a prettie &s;torie in <HI>Actuarius.</HI> It proueth al&s;o often a criticall excretion in Quar|tane agues, in di&s;ea&s;es of the <HI>&s;pleene,</HI> as al&s;o in the &s;uppre&s;&s;ion of womens men&s;truous fluxes, and of the Hemorrhoides or piles in both &s;exes. And yet moreouer according to the minde of <HI>Auicenna,</HI> it cureth &s;ometimes feauers of long continuance, whether they take their denomination from the day or from the night. And yet further, in &s;ome infirmities of the kidneyes,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Nocturnae vel diurnae febres.</NOTE> or yet a &s;tone congealed in the bladder, the vrine &s;ometimes pre&s;enteth it &s;elfe in the fore&s;aid habit and colour. And finally, it doth &s;ometimes pre&s;age the happie i&s;&s;ue and euent of feauers by bleeding at the no&s;e or &s;weating. Since therefore &s;ometimes it is a forerunner of extreme danger, to wit, when it doth pro|ceed from extreme heat or cold, and &s;ometimes againe &s;ecure and without any danger at all, <HI>Rha&s;es</HI> and <HI>Auicenna</HI> do thus ac|cord them. If the fore&s;aid vrine be voyded in a great quantitie
<PB N="78" REF="146"> and thinne, &s;ucceeding a cleare and wateri&s;h vrine, as al&s;o if ea&s;e and all<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">uiation do follow vpon the voyding thereof, it doth pre&s;age nothing but good: and on the contrarie, without the fore&s;aid circum&s;tances, a blacke vrine is very dangerous; and in the &s;toppage of womens monethly di&s;ea&s;e, it is an v&s;uall and accu&s;tomed, howbeit not a perpetuall and certaine &s;igne. But now I will in&s;tance in &s;ome hi&s;tories the proofe of the&s;e criticall euacuations.</P>
<P><NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Another.</HI> Anton. Valet ex|ercit. <HI>40</HI> ad Hol|ler. de morb. in|tern.</NOTE><HI>I am very familiarly acquainted with a Church man, who ordi|narily three or foure times a yeare complaineth of the &s;welling of his &s;pleene to an exce&s;&s;iue bigne&s;&s;e, especially towards the Spring and Fall: and vpon the approaching of the fore&s;aid di&s;ea&s;e, then doth he com|plaine of great griefe and paine in his &s;ides, his bodie becomming all ouer of a leaden colour, and in this ca&s;e daily waxing wor&s;e and wor&s;e, vntill at length by voyding abundance of vrine blacke like vnto inke, and that during the &s;pace of &s;ixe or &s;euen dayes, the fore&s;aid &s;welling, as al&s;o his great paine vani&s;hing quite away, he recouered againe his wonted and accu&s;tomed health. It is now twelue, if not fifteene yeares &s;ince he was fir&s;t acquainted with this criticall excretion by vrine, ha|uing before that time bene troubled with the piles or hemorrhoides, which notwith&s;tanding did yeeld but little matter.</HI></P>
<P><NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Another.</HI> Andr. Laurent. anat. lib. <HI>1.</HI> quae&s;t. <HI>38.</HI></NOTE><HI>I haue of mine owne experience ob&s;erued (&s;aith the learned Lau|rentius) &s;uch as haue bene troubled with the Spleene, by meanes of a plentifull euacuation by blacke vrine to haue bene cured. Now it is al&s;o to be ob&s;erued, that &s;uch vrines were blacke, not by generation, by rea&s;on that &s;uch vrines in Hippocrates his Progno&s;t. Praedict. and Aphori&s;m. are alwayes deadly. For &s;uch vrines do &s;hew forth and de|clare, either an extraordinarie great parching heate, or el&s;e a totall extinction or ouerthrowing of naturall heate. But the&s;e vrines were blacke by permixtion of a melancholicke humor, the which the Spleene did &s;end forth through the kidneyes into the bladder.</HI></P>
<P><NOTE PLACE="marg">Franci&s;c. Valer. comm. ad libr. Gal. de constit. art. med. pag. <HI>355</HI></NOTE><HI>Howbeit blacke vrines be by Hippocrates condemned as deadly (&s;aith &V;aleriola) or at lea&s;t very dangerous, especially in acute di&s;|ea&s;es; yet doth experience teach vs, that this manner of vrine may proue criticall in &s;ome di&s;ea&s;es; as namely, in inflammations, or inue|terate ob&s;tructions of the Spleene: as I did my &s;elfe ob&s;erue in a yong youth called Iohn Ruffus,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Another.</NOTE> <HI>&s;onne to our Apothecary Anthonie Ruffus,
<PB N="79" REF="146"> who being once (as was &s;uppo&s;ed) readie to yeeld vp the gho&s;t, by rea|&s;on of an inflammation of the Spleene, did vpon the twentieth day, by way of a cri&s;is, voide aboue twelue wine pints of vrine as blacke as inke, the which I haue often al&s;o ob&s;erued in Quartane agues.</HI></P>
<P>But now I will in&s;tance in &s;ome agues, and &s;ome other infir|mities.</P>
<P><HI>Vpon a time I went to a Canon who lay &s;icke of a triple Quartane ague,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Another.</HI> Iacob Douinet. apol. lib. <HI>3.</HI> cap. vlt.</NOTE> <HI>being troubled al&s;o with a &s;cirrhus or hardne&s;&s;e both of his Liuer and Spleene, who neuerthele&s;&s;e did recouer of the fore&s;aid infir|mities, and that by meanes of thicke blacke vrine, together with &s;uch fit and proper remedies as are appropriated to the Spleene, exhibited and applyed both outwardly and inwardly. Syluius hath &s;eene diuers who haue had euery yeare &s;uch fluxes of vrine, and that without any griefe or mole&s;tation what&s;oeuer.</HI></P>
<P>But I will in&s;tance in a Tertian ague, &s;uch vrines being more &s;eldome ob&s;erued in this di&s;ea&s;e then in Quartanes and the like: in the which my &s;elfe being the patient, I cannot much be mi|&s;taken.</P>
<P><HI>After I had continued about the &s;pace of two yeares in France,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Another. Of a ba&s;tard Tertian in my &s;elfe.</NOTE> <HI>and liuing at that in&s;tant in the towne of Fontenay le compte, in the Pro|uince of Poictou, about the latter end of Iuly, I was &s;urpri&s;ed with a ba&s;tard Tertian ague, which thus continuing for the &s;pace of three weekes, yet without any violent accidents, I did at the first contemne. After the fore&s;aid &s;pace, the enemie a&s;&s;aulting me more fiercely then at fir&s;t, and that by redoubling of the former fits, being now of a &s;ingle Tertian become a double, I armed my &s;elfe with &s;uch weapons as were fit to encounter with &s;o furious an aduer&s;arie. After the v&s;e of diuers fit and proper remedies for the extirpation of the fore&s;aid infirmitie, I voyded for the &s;pace of three or foure dayes together great &s;tore of thicke blacki&s;h vrine like vnto inke, at the first &s;ight whereof (ha|uing read &s;omething before in Hippocrates, concerning the danger of &s;uch vrines) I was &s;omething afraid; but after more mature delibe|ration I re&s;ted better &s;atisfied. I remember I had for certaine dayes together drunke of an infu&s;ion wherein was &s;ome quantitie of Sene leaues, which as it &s;eemeth by the attraction of the humour of that colour did dye the vrine therewith. &V;nto this criticall excretion was &s;hortly after added another: to wit, a violent taske, not without the
<PB N="80" REF="147"> mixture of &s;ome bloud, which lasted at lea&s;t for the &s;pace of a full forthnight, and which did at length wa&s;t away the m<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">teer of the di&s;|ea&s;e before the approching of Winter; howbeit the imbecillitie of my bodie was &s;uch that I recouered not my full former &s;trength againe vntill the Spring following.</HI></P>
<P><NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Another.</HI> Iohann. Crato con&s;il. medicin. col. <HI>446.</HI> aedit. Hanou. in fol. <HI>1612.</HI></NOTE><HI>I gaue vpon a time to a patient of mine (&s;aith</HI> Crato) <HI>much trou|bled with the blacke Iaundi&s;e, &s;ome Bezoar &s;tone, and after a little while he voided great &s;tore of vrine as blacke as inke; by which meanes the patient found great ea&s;e.</HI></P>
<P>Rha&s;es <HI>reporteth an hi&s;torie of a woman that came to him, who voyded blacke vrines, and withall complained much of a paine in her loynes, and alwayes vpon the voyding of &s;uch an vrine &s;he found im|mediatly ea&s;e. But after a while &s;he fell into a night feauer accom|panied with &s;ome &s;hiuering. This woman was of a melancholicke complexion, whom I perfectly cured by &s;uch meanes as prouoke v|rine.</HI></P>
<P><NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Another.</HI> Amatus Lu&s;i|tanus centa<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">. <HI>5.</HI> turat. <HI>54.</HI></NOTE><HI>The &s;onne of</HI> Angelus <HI>borne at</HI> Ancona (<HI>as relateth</HI> Amatus) <HI>being but fiue yeares of age, &s;omewhat fat of body, being, as his pa|rents &s;uppo&s;ed, carefully looked vnto both for diet and other things called not naturall; became notwithstanding full of hard &s;cabs, accom|panied with an vlcer-like matter all ouer his head and necke, and for diuer&s;e dayes did runne great &s;tore of this putrid matter from the fore&s;aid &s;ores. But after a moneths &s;pace, this child voyded abundance of thicke blacke vrine for the &s;pace of three dayes together, not with|out &s;ome acrimonie and &s;harpne&s;&s;e, accompanied with a paine in his yard, yet without any feauer. This child did in a very &s;hort time af|ter recouer; neither would I &s;uffer any thing to be applyed to his head for curing of his &s;cabs, which did very &s;hortly heale of it &s;elfe. Now this vrine proued to be in this child criticall for the remouall of this infirmitie.</HI></P>
<P>It may then plainly appeare, how little tru&s;t we are to repo&s;e in the&s;e vrines more then any other, either in &s;ickne&s;&s;e or in health; and how ea&s;ily the Phy&s;itian may be deceiued, who &s;hall giue too much credit thereunto. And who can tell by the &s;ight of &s;uch a blacke vrine onely, whether it be criticall as we &s;ay, or &s;ymptomaticall, denouncing danger in an acute di&s;ea&s;e? This the other circum&s;tances, e&s;pecially the &s;ight of the patient,
<PB N="81" REF="147"> (whereby thou maye&s;t more ea&s;ily con&s;ider of his &s;trength then by the &s;ight of a thou&s;and vrines) mu&s;t bring to thy con|&s;ideration. And be&s;ides all the premi&s;&s;es.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Mercur. lib. de vrin. cap. <HI>6.</HI></NOTE> <HI>Mercuriall</HI> mentio|neth out of <HI>Rha&s;es</HI> and <HI>Auicenna,</HI> that if any annoint his bodie with the iuyce of the berries of the hearbe <HI>Halcana,</HI> he &s;hall vn|doubtly voyd blacke vrines. The &s;ame Author affirmeth, that blacke vrine after great trauell and exerci&s;e, doth progno&s;ticate a conuul&s;ion, and that a gli&s;ter made of the decoction onely of high coloured red wine, hath produced a blacke vrine. And againe, out of <HI>Rufus Ephe&s;ius,</HI> who liued about the time of the Emperour <HI>Traian,</HI> that blacke vrine, voyded for a long time to|gether in the time of health, progno&s;ticateth the ingendring of a &s;tone in the kidneyes. But I proceed now to &s;ome other colours of vrines, which by our Authors are all referred to the former colour, and not much al&s;o di&s;agreeing in &s;igni|fication.</P>
<P>Blew vrines, called commonly <HI>veneta &amp; caerulea,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Of blew vrines.</NOTE> being as it were a more remi&s;&s;e blacke, and not dyed with &s;o great a quan|titie of that humour, hath al&s;o diuer&s;e &s;ignifications. For being thicke withall, it &s;ignifieth that blacke choller, proceeding fir&s;t from yellow choller very adu&s;t, doth colour the vrine: or el&s;e &s;o great cold of the inward parts, that they are almo&s;t quite mortified. It &s;ignifieth moreouer, extraordinarie exerci&s;e of the bodie by running. In &s;uch as do recouer out of any di&s;ea&s;e, it is a &s;igne of a laudable cri&s;e, e&s;pecially if it come in any great quantitie: for by this meanes the adu&s;t parts are voyded foorth. In old men, if &s;uch an vrine per&s;i&s;t long, it argueth that the na|turall con&s;titution of the bladder is altered and changed by bad and corrupt humours. In &s;uch as are &s;ubiect to the &s;tone, it is a &s;igne of the approching of the Strangurie. The &s;ame vrine is al&s;o &s;ometimes ob&s;erued to be thinne, then &s;ignifying the mel|ting of melancholy, which doth but a little colour the vrine. And &s;ometimes al&s;o it &s;ignifieth blowes and &s;tripes, howbeit not in any violent or exce&s;&s;iue manner, and in &s;uch a ca&s;e it is a laudable and good &s;igne.</P>
<P>As concerning greene vrines,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Of greene v|rines.</NOTE> of them our Phy&s;itians com|monly make two &s;orts: one properly &s;o called, and the other
<PB N="82" REF="148"> called greene oylie vrines. As for the fir&s;t, it &s;ignifieth accor|ding to our writers, abundance of choler adu&s;t, and of a ma|ligne qualitie, and almo&s;t readie to be turned into blacke, be|ing daily more and more parched and burnt vp. And com|monly in the be&s;t &s;ignification it &s;ignifieth adu&s;tion of the hu|mours, long continuance and per&s;euerance of the &s;ame. And &s;ometimes cold in extreame&s;t degree, as was &s;aid before of blacke, and then is mortall: e&s;pecially if leaden colour and blacke follow &s;ucce&s;&s;iuely at diuers times, pul&s;e feeble, with thir&s;t or &s;hort breath. Sometimes againe a Quotidian ague and yellow Iaundi&s;e, e&s;pecially with an ague. And howbeit the&s;e vrines often proue dangerous, yet is not the ca&s;e alwayes alike: for &s;ometimes this colour may be al&s;o &s;eene in &s;ound &amp; health|full bodies.<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>3.</HI> de rat. vict. acut.</NOTE> <HI>Galen</HI> doth willingly confe&s;&s;e the &s;ame. <HI>Cholericke people</HI> (&s;aith he) <HI>which fa&s;t long, do oftentimes make greene and fie|rie coloured vrines.</HI> And that feeding vpon certaine kinds of foode, may produce &s;uch an vrine, this en&s;uing hi&s;torie may ea&s;ily declare.</P>
<P><NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Hi&s;torie.</HI> Guil. Adolph. Scribon. de in|&s;pect. vrin. prope+finem.</NOTE><HI>There was a certaine Phy&s;itian, who hauing fed on &s;ome nouri&s;h|ment of that colour, did afterwards voyd an vrine of the &s;ame colour, which he &s;ent to another Phy&s;itian, to fi&s;h out his opinion concerning the &s;ame. This other Phy&s;itian gaue out his verdict concerning the great danger this vrine did threaten the owner. But the other &s;en|ding him backe word againe, that vpon the feeding on &s;uch and &s;uch food it was no vncouth thing for him to voyd &s;uch an vrine: and withall adui&s;ed him not to pronounce his opinion &s;o peremptorily vpon the colour of the vrine onely.</HI></P>
<P><NOTE PLACE="marg">Of popiniay greene, oylie vrine.</NOTE>The other &s;ort of greene vrines is a light popiniay greene, called al&s;o an oylie vrine: that is, &s;uch who&s;e &s;ub&s;tance is clam|mie and thicke, as oyle or fat molten. It commonly &s;ignifieth colliquation, and wa&s;ting of the fat within man or woman, as proceeding from exce&s;&s;iue heate. And yet &s;uch vrines, if blacke vrines went before, &s;ignifieth health at hand. If it come &s;ud|denly and in a &s;hort time, it argueth the colliquation or wa|&s;ting of the kidneyes only. The higher this colour is, the wor&s;e they commonly hold it. But I will dwell no longer vpon this colour, &s;ince the vncertaintie thereof may be collected by that
<PB N="83" REF="148"> which hath bene &s;aid alreadie.</P>
<P>As for a&s;h-coloured or leaden coloured vrines,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Of a&s;h-colou|red, or leaden coloured vrines.</NOTE> they haue not alwayes one and the &s;ame &s;ignification more then the former. If an vrine of this colour be thicke, and greene coloured vrine went before, it &s;ignifieth extreame heate and burning: if pale coloured vrine went before, it doth portend extreame cold and mortification. This kind of vrine may al&s;o proceed from the affluxe of melancholicke humours, or el&s;e by rea&s;on of great blowes or &s;tripes: and then it may prooue a good &s;igne, the ex|pul&s;iue power expelling &s;uch re&s;idence towards the bottome. In feauers an vrine of this colour without any &s;etling or re&s;i|dence, is a &s;igne of death. But in a burning feauer it doth por|tend a Strangurie. The &s;ame cau&s;es which did produce blew vrines, do al&s;o bring foorth this colour, but that in this all things are more violent. Sometimes &s;uch an vrine is a &s;igne of the blacke Iaundi&s;e proceeding from melancholy. But then it portends health, e&s;pecially if it be voyded in any great quan|titie and thicke in &s;ub&s;tance, by rea&s;on of the euacuation of &s;uch thicke humours. It is then apparent that the&s;e colours &s;ignifie not alwayes one certaine thing, but &s;ometimes quite contrary. For the which cau&s;e it is no maruell if a Phy&s;itian who &s;hould &s;ettle his iudgement &s;olely thereupon, might ea&s;ily be deceiued.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 N="6" TYPE="chapter">
<HEAD><HI>CHAP. VI.</HI> The manifold &s;ignifications of white vrines, as al&s;o the great vncertaintie of iudgement by the &s;ame.</HEAD>
<P>_WHite vrines,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Of thin white vrines.</NOTE> as al&s;o all other colours, are either very thinne and cleare, or el&s;e thicke in &s;ub|&s;tance, and accompanied often with a copious re&s;idence. Thinne white cleare vrines like vnto faire &s;pring water, haue diuers &s;ignifications, as witne&s;&s;eth the learned <HI>Rondeletius,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Rondelet. lib. de vrin. cap. <HI>15.</HI></NOTE> with whom are ioyned in iudgement the re&s;t of our learned Phy&s;itians. And
<PB N="84" REF="149"> fir&s;t of all this vrine is &s;ometimes &s;eene in indifferent good health,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Their diuers &s;ignifications.</NOTE> and doth now and then &s;ignifie &s;ome cruditie of the &s;to|mach. Sometimes againe it &s;ignifieth ob&s;tructions of the Liuer, Spleene, and Kidneys, which mu&s;t be di&s;cerned by other &s;ignes al&s;o: to wit, &s;uch as be proper and peculiar to each part. In old age, as al&s;o in long lingring di&s;ea&s;es, it argueth weakene&s;&s;e of the naturall faculties. Some likewi&s;e who do voyde &s;uch vrines, are from their very cradles of a weake and cra&s;ie con&s;titution. A thinne and cleare vrine, made often, and in great abundance, doth accompanie the di&s;ea&s;e called <HI>Diabete.</HI> In an ob&s;cure lur|king or lingring feauer, it &s;ignifieth either the Iaundi&s;e, or a re|&s;olution or di&s;&s;olution of the &s;trength. A thinne white vrine accompanied with other good &s;ignes, doth declare the decay|ing and decrea&s;ing of a Quotidian ague, and if it do long per|&s;i&s;t, being depriued of any &s;mell, e&s;pecially if &s;trength be much decayed, it portendeth either death, or el&s;e the long conti|nuance of the di&s;ea&s;e. And finally with a burning feauer and phren&s;ie,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Fore&s;t. ob&s;eruat. medic. tomo. <HI>1.</HI> lib. <HI>2.</HI> &s;chol. ad ob&s;eruat. <HI>25.</HI> <GAP LANG="grc" DESC="foreign" RESP="OXF">. Hippocrat. prog|no&s;t. lib. <HI>2.</HI> aph. <HI>30</HI></NOTE> it is a mo&s;t deadly &s;igne, as may be &s;eene el&s;ewhere. As concerning the ages, as they are accounted dangerous in many, &s;o e&s;pecially in little children, as may be &s;eene in &s;euerall places of the workes of the famous <HI>Hippocrates.</HI> Wherefore we had need to con&s;ider many things before we proceed to deliuer our iudgement concerning &s;uch vrines. If therefore &s;uch an v|rine were brought to the Phy&s;itian, whether would he thereby pronounce a weakene&s;&s;e of the &s;tomach, or ob&s;truction of the Liuer, Spleene or Kidneys? And why not a phren&s;ie in a feauer? And how&s;oeuer <HI>Hippocrates</HI> pronounceth this to be a mo&s;t dangerous vrine; yet haue I my &s;elfe often ob&s;erued the &s;ame without any danger to the party, as I doubt not but &s;o haue ma|ny moe be&s;ides my &s;elfe.</P>
<P><NOTE PLACE="marg">Hi&s;torie.</NOTE><HI>About &s;ome eight or nine yeares ago, there came to me a yeoman of Northampton &s;hire, bringing with him his vrine which well nigh filled the vrinall, being as cleare as any cry&s;tall, without any contents at all, except &s;ome few motes, &s;uch as they &s;ay are found in the vrines of women with child. And becau&s;e I did &s;ee &s;o great ods betwixt his complexion and his vrine (he being indifferent well coloured in regard of the vrine, howbeit neare fiftie yeares of age) not &s;uspecting this
<PB N="85" REF="149"> vrine to be his owne, began to enquire &s;ome circum&s;tances concerning the &s;ame, as namely the time of continuance. At length he freely and of his owne accord confe&s;&s;ed, that the vrine was his owne, and that aboue the &s;pace of &s;ixe yeares by-pa&s;t his vrine had not altered nor changed from that I did now &s;ee it. He added moreouer, that he felt neither griefe nor trouble in his bodie, as being able to go about his ordinarie employments and workes of his calling; that he was now and then troubled with &s;ome wind in his &s;tomach, and that he him&s;elfe wondered not a little at the long continuance of his vrine after this manner. I gaue him directions again&s;t ob&s;tructions and crudities, with &s;ome things for the &s;trengthening of his &s;tomach, and neuer &s;ince heard any more newes of him.</HI></P>
<P>The like vrine haue I often ob&s;erued in many other ca&s;es, and will in&s;tance but in one: to wit, an <HI>hy&s;tericall pa&s;&s;ion,</HI> com|monly called the mother.</P>
<P><HI>Some ten yeares ago I had in cure a young maid,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Another.</NOTE> <HI>much mole&s;ted with that di&s;ea&s;e which is commonly called the Mother. For foure dayes together, from twelue of the clocke at noone till night, her fits were &s;o violent and tedious, and the intermi&s;&s;ions &s;o &s;hort, that both her father and other friends tooke (as they thought) their la&s;t leaue of her. In her time of intermi&s;&s;ion, or rather remi&s;&s;ion, when &s;he was mo&s;t &s;en&s;ible of her &s;elfe, &s;he voyded almo&s;t a chamber pot full at a time of thinne cleare vrine, like vnto &s;pring-water, without any manner of contents di&s;cernable to the &s;harpe&s;t eye-&s;ight, and this commonly foure or fiue times in an afternoone, and that during the dayes of the foure|&s;aid fits. But being afterwards freed from this infirmitie, &s;he was likewi&s;e freed from the aforementioned accident. Neither did I euer &s;ince that time know her troubled with this di&s;ea&s;e, &s;aue once &s;ince &s;he was married, and yet was nothing in regard of the former ex|tremitie.</HI></P>
<P>If any <HI>Argus</HI> had bene there with his hundreth eyes, or yet the &s;harpe &s;ighted <HI>Lynceus</HI> him&s;elfe, where &s;uch vrines had bene brought in two &s;euerall vrinals (I meane the mans la&s;t mentio|ned, and this womans) they had neuer bene able to di&s;cerne any difference betwixt the&s;e two vrines: much le&s;&s;e then the igno|rant Empiricke, the peticoate or woman-phy&s;itian, or the cun|ninge&s;t pi&s;&s;e-prophet among them all: and if thout wilt, put in
<PB N="86" REF="150"> ma&s;ter Par&s;on-practi&s;er to make better weight. And if any had brought &s;uch an vrine, &s;o often, in &s;o great quantity, to any Phy|&s;itian, was there any rea&s;on why he &s;hould not rather haue con|iectured a <HI>Diabete,</HI> or <HI>pi&s;&s;ing euill,</HI> then any other infirmitie? And this I thinke may &s;uffice to prooue the vncertaintie of iudgement by thinne white vrines: now &s;omething of thicke white vrines.</P>
<P><NOTE PLACE="marg">Of thicke white vrines.</NOTE><HI>Hippocrates,</HI> in the late alledged place, doth include very thicke vrines, of what&s;oeuer colour they be, within the &s;ame de|gree of danger. And <HI>Galen</HI> him&s;elfe &s;eemeth to &s;econd this o|pinion, auerring that the thicker an vrine is, the more danger hath he mo&s;t commonly ob&s;erued in the &s;ame. <HI>Rondeletius</HI> af|firmeth, that white vrines which are not tran&s;parent, but thicke almo&s;t like vnto milke, do &s;ignifie abundance of phlegme, and &s;econdarily wormes, the falling-&s;ickne&s;&s;e, head-ach, pal&s;ie, conuul&s;ions, great coldne&s;&s;e of the naturall parts: and finally, all manner of di&s;ea&s;es proceeding from phlegme. If &s;uch an v|rine then were offered to thy view and con&s;ideration, good ma&s;ter vrine-monger, for which of the&s;e di&s;ea&s;es woulde&s;t thou giue out &s;entence? There being many moe phlegmaticke di&s;|ea&s;es be&s;ides the la&s;t rehear&s;ed; and many of them proceeding from other cau&s;es, mu&s;t by con&s;equent be accompanied with other vrines: yea and in the &s;ame cau&s;e the vrine may by diuers meanes not be the &s;ame. And the&s;e thicke vrines &s;ometimes ac|companied with a copious re&s;idence, and &s;ometimes againe without the &s;ame. I will now proceed to &s;ome in&s;tances of both, where it &s;hall appeare that &s;ometimes &s;ome &s;uch vrines are not &s;o dangerous as they are deemed.</P>
<P><NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Hi&s;torie.</HI> Nichol. Florent. &s;erm. <HI>3.</HI> tract. <HI>10.</HI> cap. <HI>21.</HI></NOTE><HI>I did &s;ee in the Ca&s;tle of Itrum in the Countie of Sundoz, a young man about thirtie yeares of age, who did euery day make an vrine in great abundance, wherein did &s;ettle a white re&s;idence, like vnto curd|led milke, filling the vrinall halfe full, howbeit aboue the &s;ame did &s;wim a &s;mall quantitie of whiti&s;h vrine like vnto whey. This young man notwith&s;tanding felt no inconuenience by the &s;ame, but &s;till en|ioyed his perfect health.</HI></P>
<P>But a woman voyding the like vrine, yet was not ble&s;&s;ed with &s;o great a benefit, which notwith&s;tanding for the &s;trange|ne&s;&s;e
<PB N="87" REF="150"> I thought good here to mention.</P>
<P><HI>In the yeare (as I remember)</HI> 1613. <HI>a woman of middle age,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Another.</NOTE> <HI>dwelling in the South &s;uburbe of Northampton, commonly called Cottonend, &s;ent me an vrine, if &s;o it might be called, which was no|thing el&s;e, as one would haue iudged by the eye, but thicke curdled milke, which did very neare fill the vrinall, onely on the top of it did &s;wim a little liquor like vnto white po&s;&s;et drinke, being not halfe an inch thicke aboue the fore&s;aid contents. And howbeit I did twice or thrice &s;ee her vrine afterwards, yet could I neuer againe &s;ee the&s;e curdled contents, it being onely like the afore&s;aid white po&s;&s;et drinke, howbeit &s;he had &s;ometimes before voyded &s;uch an vrine, as I was in|formed. She died about two moneths after: and as it &s;eemeth, of a con&s;umption and wa&s;ting of the kidneyes and other vrinary pa&s;&s;ages, as by &s;ome &s;ignes did appeare. And what if the &s;permaticall parts did participate with the former? The woman had lyen long langui&s;hing, neither was I euer called to &s;ee her, and for any thing I know, had few or no meanes admini&s;tred vnto her, being but of poore and meane e&s;tate.</HI></P>
<P>A thicke and milkie vrine hath al&s;o by others bene ob&s;erued in the exulceration of the kidneys,<NOTE PLACE="marg">A Petro Sphaere|rio medico refe|rente Schenck. lib. <HI>3.</HI> ob&s;eruat. medicin. lib de vrin.</NOTE> namely in a certaine Polo|nian in the Ho&s;pitall of the holy Gho&s;t, the which (&s;aith the Author) I often beheld. There are yet other white vrines, the which how&s;oeuer they are to the eye &s;omewhat tran&s;parent, &s;ome more and &s;ome le&s;&s;e, &s;ome of them being of a more bright &amp; &s;hining colour, drawing neare to the color of molten gla&s;&s;e, and &s;ome againe more darke, and not &s;o tran&s;parent a colour, yet may they all mo&s;t iu&s;tly be reckoned among the number of thicke white vrines, and that in regard of their tough and &s;limie &s;ub&s;tance, which may ea&s;ily be both felt and &s;eene to be &s;uch. This &s;ort of vrine doth often argue great &s;tore of cru|dities, and tough phlegmaticke matter, with &s;uch di&s;ea&s;es as are engendred of the &s;ame: but mo&s;t commonly di&s;ea&s;es of the bladder, as namely the Strangurie or the Stone, how&s;oeuer it cometh &s;ometimes otherwi&s;e to pa&s;&s;e.</P>
<P><HI>I was the&s;e yeares by pa&s;t (</HI>&s;aith <HI>Schenckius) familiarly acquain|ted with a certaine Noble man, now dead,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Another.</HI> Iohann. Schenck. ibidem.</NOTE> <HI>who&s;e name was</HI> Vdalri|chus, <HI>and brother to</HI> George <HI>ma&s;ter of the order of the Knights of
<PB N="88" REF="151"> Germanie, called</HI> Ioannitae, <HI>being de&s;cended of the noble familie of</HI> H<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">henheimes, <HI>&s;urnamed</HI> Bombe&s;t, <HI>who without any hinderance to his health, did oftentimes, yea during the greate&s;t part of his life time, voyd a thicke muddie vrine, and &s;o tough and ropie, that any might haue drawne it an ell long, as if it had bene &s;ome glue or bird|lime. He neuer in his life was troubled with the &s;tone, and him&s;elfe &s;hewed me this vrine, offering the &s;ame to my triall.</HI></P>
<P><NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Another.</HI> Holler. inter ra|ras ob&s;eruat. num. <HI>2.</HI></NOTE><HI>Another voyded by vrine a certaine matter like vnto molten pearles being of a fine bright colour, of whom</HI> Hollerius <HI>maketh men|tion, the &s;ame partie againe voyding a matter of thicker &s;ub&s;tance much like vnto the white of an egge boyled.</HI></P>
<P><NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Another.</HI> Idem &s;chol. ad cap. <HI>30.</HI> lib. <HI>1.</HI> de morb. intern.</NOTE>The &s;ame Author maketh mention in another place of ano|ther, who voyded by vrine, <HI>not without great paine and torment, little peeces of phlegme, round like little bullets, cleare like vnto cry|&s;tall, cleare gla&s;&s;e or fine gellie.</HI></P>
<P><NOTE PLACE="marg">Another.</NOTE><HI>An ancient Gentleman and acquaintance of mine dwelling in Lon|don, being at lea&s;t three&s;core and ten yeares of age, at that time</HI> 1611. <HI>had for a long time voyded great &s;tore of &s;uch tough phlegmaticke matter, mo&s;t like vnto birdlime or gellie, and on the top of the &s;ame &s;ome vrine was to be &s;eene of a darke colour, not vnlike to transparent horne. His paine was exceeding great, prouoking him almo&s;t euery minute of an houre to this vntimely excretion of his vrine. The coun|&s;els of the be&s;t Phy&s;itians were not wanting, &s;ome being of opinion it was a &s;tone in the bladder, others iudging otherwi&s;e. My opinion being demanded, I told him I was not of their opinion, who held that there was a &s;tone in the bladder, moued hereunto by &s;ome probable coniectares. But &s;eeing him much macerated and weakened by much Phy&s;icke, exhibited both by the learned Phy&s;itian, and by the igno|rant Empiricke al&s;o, my aduice was, that he &s;hould ab&s;taine from all manner of laxatiue medicines, except it were now and then &s;ome gentle gli&s;ter or lenitiue to procure the benefit of nature. I appointed him al&s;o fit and conuenient diet: and all his Phy&s;icke was nothing &s;aue &s;ome certaine Emul&s;ions, as al&s;o &s;ome Iuleps compo&s;ed of &s;ome &s;yrupes and di&s;tilled waters, mo&s;t proper and conuenient for his di&s;ea&s;e, and that not for a weeke or a moneth, but for three or foure moneths to|gether. After two moneths were pa&s;t he found &s;en&s;ible ea&s;e and alle|uiation, but yet much more the next Spring, this being towards the
<PB N="89" REF="151"> beginning of Winter: and hath &s;ince that time &s;carce euer complained at all of this &s;o tedious and tormenting infirmitie. And this la&s;t Spring his &s;trength &s;pent, and the oyle in the lampe failing, being full of dayes, payed that debt which admitteth no baile nor &s;ureti&s;hip.</HI> This then may appeare that the vrine here could giue vs no a&s;&s;ured know|ledge of the certaintie of the di&s;ea&s;e, whether the Stone or &s;trangurie. And thus the vncertaintie of this colour, as well as of the re&s;t, cannot be concealed from the iudicious and vnder|&s;tanding Reader: who&s;e patience I mu&s;t yet intreat to giue eare to &s;ome things yet to be &s;aid concerning the contents of vrine: concerning the which, howbeit here and there, and namely in this la&s;t colour, &s;omething hath bene &s;aid, yet was not this my principall purpo&s;e and intent; but is as it were thru&s;t in by head and &s;houlders. Now &s;hall &s;omething be &s;aid of &s;et purpo&s;e, whereas I will forbeare to repeate any thing which hath bene &s;aid alreadie.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 N="7" TYPE="chapter">
<HEAD><HI>CHAP. VII.</HI> Of the circle or garland, &s;pume and froth, bubbles, &s;moke or vapor, and fat in the ouermo&s;t region of the vrine, and what cer|taintie from thence can be collected.</HEAD>
<P>_THe&s;e contents are mo&s;t co~monly di&s;tingui&s;hed according to the three regions of the vrine. The ouermo&s;t vrine, as it claimeth the fir&s;t place in the vrinall, &s;o &s;hall it haue here the prehemi|nence aboue the other two Now as concerning the circle, ring or garland,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Of the circle, ring or garland. Not mentioned by the ancients. <HI>Lib. de vrin. cap.</HI> 31. <HI>de circulo.</HI> The originall of it.</NOTE> it hath bene well ob&s;erued by &s;ome of our late writers, that neither <HI>Hippocrates</HI> nor yet <HI>Galen</HI> euer made any mention of them, as being in their iudgements a thing not worth the con&s;ideration. <HI>Rondeletius</HI> maketh <HI>Aui|cenna</HI> and <HI>I&s;aac</HI> Arabian Phy&s;itians, the fir&s;t founders thereof: howbeit (&s;aith he) &s;ome do attribute the fir&s;t inuention of it to the Vniuer&s;itie of <HI>Salerna,</HI> either perhaps, becau&s;e &s;ince <HI>Actua|rius</HI> his time they had tried &s;ome conclu&s;ions by the &s;ame, or
<PB N="90" REF="152"> el&s;e did repo&s;e much tru&s;t and confidence in this circle or crowne.<NOTE PLACE="marg">It is twofold.</NOTE> Two &s;orts of the&s;e circles or garlands find we mentio|ned by <HI>Actuarius,</HI> which notwith&s;tanding few authors that I haue read do remember. The fir&s;t is that commonly &s;o called, being nothing el&s;e but a certaine <HI>circle or round line in the ou<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">r|mo&s;t part of the vrine, enuironing it round about like a ring;</HI> and is &s;o called by rea&s;on of the roundne&s;&s;e of the vrinall, the like whereof may be likewi&s;e &s;eene in any other liquor. The other circles or garlands are no &s;uch round rings or circles as haue bene mentioned,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Le<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> Roganus de differ. vrin. lib. <HI>1.</HI> cap. vlt.</NOTE> but onely &s;ome ouermo&s;t parts of the vrine which &s;wimme in the liquor of the &s;ame, and for the &s;ame rea|&s;on, of the roundne&s;&s;e of the vrinall, called <HI>crownes or garlands.</HI> Of the former of the two do our Phy&s;itians mo&s;t commonly make mention, and many things do many men progno&s;ticate by the &s;ame,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Po&s;teriores eiu&s;|dem (coronae) iuditia &s;ubiece|runt veteribus non v&s;itata, &amp; in quibus iu&s;tae &s;aepe cau&s;ae de&s;ideran|tur: verum vt &s;cenae in&s;eruia|mus eadem iudi|cia &s;ubdere pla|cet. Villich. de probat vrin. part. <HI>4.</HI> cap. <HI>39.</HI></NOTE> which neuerthele&s;&s;e &s;ome of their chiefe ringlea|ders and vpholders do in a manner confe&s;&s;e to be but a nouelty, not practi&s;ed by the learned ancient Phy&s;itians: and yet le&s;t they &s;hould &s;eeme to controll the inueterate and common re|ceiued cu&s;tome, they mu&s;t needs &s;ay &s;omething as well as their neighbours. Hence haue we the proportion betwixt the regions of the bodie of man, and the regions of the vrine violently thru&s;t vpon vs; and as they will haue the other parts of the vrine an&s;werable to the re&s;t of the parts of the body; &s;o mu&s;t the crowne or garland an&s;wer proportionably to the head, or &s;ome part of it at lea&s;t. And not with this content, they a&s;cribe &s;eueral colours of the&s;e circles, not to &s;euerall humours onely, but to &s;euerall parts of the head al&s;o; &s;ometimes to the right, &s;ome|times to the left: and againe &s;ometimes to the hinder part, and &s;ometimes to the fore part; diuing &s;ometimes into the verie ventricles or inward concauities thereof. And yet to di&s;cerne the&s;e circles or garlands aright, a &s;harpe and very quicke &s;ight is very requi&s;ite. Moreouer, may not thine owne &s;ight, together with the qualitie or quantitie of the light, the diuers manners of &s;ituation of the vrinall, one or all of the&s;e, ea&s;ily alter the co|lour of this thy circle, making it appeare &s;ometimes of one, &s;ometimes of another colour? Be&s;ides, the&s;e circles or garlands are &s;uppo&s;ed to be &s;eene in &s;uch vrines onely as are not of one
<PB N="91" REF="152"> colour, and the ouermo&s;t part thinner then the other. On the &s;e|uerall &s;ignifications of the &s;uppo&s;ed &s;euerall colours thereof, with their proportions to the humours of the head, if I &s;hould particularly in&s;i&s;t, and confute them, as &s;ome might perhaps ex|pect, I thinke it would prooue but a needle&s;&s;e and &s;uperfluous labour, the thing being &s;o idle in it &s;elfe, and of &s;o &s;mall ac|count. The learned <HI>Rondeletius,</HI> I am &s;ure, made but &s;mall ac|count of them, and where he mentions them,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Loco proxime citato.</NOTE> what&s;oeuer he &s;aith is but the relation of the opinions of others, mo&s;t of which he doth afterwards confute. His manner of &s;peech intimateth no le&s;&s;e vnto vs in the&s;e words following.</P>
<P><HI>Wherefore we &s;hall pronounce that a red circle (if it &s;ignifie any thing at all) doth &s;ignifie abundance of bloud in the whole head, &amp;c.</HI> Another learned author lately mentioned,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem Roganus de prouid. ex v|rinis lib. <HI>3.</HI> cap. <HI>8.</HI></NOTE> would al&s;o willingly haue them bani&s;hed out of all the Hippocraticall common|wealth, in the&s;e words following: <HI>But perhaps in vaine do I la|bour to roote out this &s;o inueterate and inbred opinion (meaning con|cerning froth, &s;pume and bubbles) out of the minds of our ordinarie Phy&s;itians. The like may I &s;ay concerning the crownes or garlands in vrines, the opinion whereof hath now almo&s;t &s;o deeply po&s;&s;e&s;&s;ed euery mans mind. It is mo&s;t certaine that Actuarius him&s;elfe neuer did progno&s;ticate any &s;uch thing by this circle or line compa&s;&s;ing round a|bout the ouermo&s;t part of the vrine, hauing onely brought it in, to the end he might progno&s;ticate by the bubbles when as they do appeare in it. And who is &s;o blind, that doth not &s;ee how ridiculous a thing it is to progno&s;ticate by a certaine circle or roundring, which may be as well ob&s;erued in any other round ve&s;&s;ell filled with any liquor, as in an vrinall?</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem lib. <HI>2.</HI> de cau&s;. vrin. cap. <HI>9.</HI></NOTE> <HI>As concerning that crowne or garland which is the &s;uper|ficies or ouermo&s;t part of the vrine, which Actuarius &s;eemeth to haue borrowed from</HI> Hippocrates, <HI>we haue by the authoritie of</HI> Galen, <HI>al|readie reiected. Wherefore in my opinion the&s;e crownes and garlands &s;hall be bani&s;hed farre from vrines.</HI> So farre our author. It is not al&s;o vnlikely, that if they had bene of &s;uch v&s;e and nece&s;&s;itie, but <HI>Hirpocrates</HI> or <HI>Galen</HI> would haue mentioned them, together with their &s;euerall v&s;es in Phy&s;icke, they both being &s;o curious in &s;earching out the &s;euerall &s;ignifications of this &s;igne. If any will yet obiect, that our moderne Phy&s;itians haue added many
<PB N="92" REF="153"> things to former inuentions; I could reply, it is true indeed, and might well come to pa&s;&s;e in &s;uch things as neuer did pre&s;ent them&s;elues to their &s;en&s;es, or el&s;e in &s;uch things whereof they had no experimentall knowledge: but I &s;uppo&s;e they were as eagle eyed in <HI>A&s;ia</HI> and other parts, and could &s;ee as farre into a mil&s;tone as any of our late <HI>Europaean</HI> Phy&s;itians. And this &s;hall now &s;uffice concerning <HI>circles</HI> or <HI>garlands,</HI> we now proceed to the re&s;t.</P>
<P><HI>Bubbles, &s;pume, or froth,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Of bubbles, &s;pume or froth.</NOTE> are all accounted to proceed from one and the &s;ame cau&s;e, differing in &s;ome circum&s;tances onely. Now if we &s;hall narrowly ob&s;erue and marke what can be &s;aid of them, we &s;hall find no le&s;&s;e vncertaintie in the predictions by them,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Idem lib. <HI>2.</HI> de cau&s;. vrin. cap. <HI>9.</HI></NOTE> then in the former. <HI>Actuarius</HI> (&s;aith our aboue named au|thor) maketh mention of many things concerning this matter which neither <HI>Galen</HI> nor <HI>Hippocrates</HI> haue ob&s;erued, and that in my opinion (&s;aith he) becau&s;e they were not worth the ob&s;er|uing. And againe a little after: <HI>Such things as</HI> Actuarius <HI>hath &s;et downe concerning the &s;pumes and bubbles, are nothing to be regarded. For who &s;eeth not, that as well the &s;pume as the bubbles &s;tay longer in the crowne or garland of the vrine, and in the middle part of the &s;u|perficies or ouermo&s;t part they are &s;ooner di&s;&s;olued. For the ca&s;e is not here alike as in the garland, where the &s;olid body of the vrinall is an occa&s;ion that they &s;ticke longer and more firmely to the &s;ame. And this not in vrine onely, but in any other liquor in like manner may ea&s;ily be ob&s;erued, to wit, that &s;uch froth and bubbles do longer per|&s;i&s;t in the circle ioyning to the ve&s;&s;ell then in the rest of the ouermo&s;t part of the &s;ame, &amp;c.</HI> This foundation then being rotten, the re&s;t of the building mu&s;t needs fall to the ground. They tell vs in the fir&s;t place that bubbles which &s;tand round about ouer the garland onely, and continue without parting, if they be of the &s;ame colour the vrine is of, they declare that there is great paine in all the parts of the head. But if they occupie onely the one halfe of the garland, then is that paine in one halfe of the head. But I a&s;&s;ure thee, &s;uch bubbles may be &s;eene, and thou not able to di&s;cerne whether the wind be in the head or taile. And be|&s;ides thou maye&s;t &s;ometimes finde a good fellow who could quickly fill a baggepipe with his bum, and yet in his vrine &s;ee
<PB N="93" REF="153"> neither bubble nor any other &s;uch babble.<NOTE PLACE="marg">See before in the beginning.</NOTE> But concerning the vncertaintie of the&s;e things, &s;omething hath bene &s;aid alreadie in another place, whereas mention was made of the regions of the vrine an&s;wering to the parts of mans body, which was pro|ued mo&s;t fal&s;e. It is granted, that &s;ometimes the&s;e bubbles do not appeare at the fir&s;t in the beginning of the di&s;ea&s;e, howbeit after a while they begin to &s;hew them&s;elues: and then is it an argument that nature waxeth &s;trong to concoct and ouercome the bad humours. In feauers therefore &s;uch do &s;ignifie the de|clining or decaying of the &s;ame. But if they haue bene from the beginning &s;till &s;o continuing, then is the danger greater, how|beit better with a thicke then with a thinne vrine. Now put the ca&s;e that in an vrine brought to thee from afarre thou mighte&s;t di&s;cerne &s;ome &s;uch bubble or froth, yet how &s;halt thou be able to di&s;cerne whether any were in the vrine at the beginning of the di&s;ea&s;e, or no? The me&s;&s;enger for the mo&s;t part can tell thee no more then the ground he goeth on: and it may be, that neither the patient nor any about him are able to ob&s;erue &s;uch nice curio&s;ities, as often not ob&s;eruing matters of greater mo|ment. But put yet the ca&s;e thou could&s;t di&s;cerne &s;ome headach by the afore&s;aid contents, how &s;halt thou euer be able to di&s;|cerne whether it come, as we &s;ay, <HI>per &s;ympathiam,</HI> by con&s;ent from the neather parts (which is mo&s;t common) or <HI>per idiepa|thiam:</HI> that is, be primarily &s;eated in the head? And if thou knowe&s;t not this, thy knowledge is to &s;mall purpo&s;e, the cure differing according to the &s;euerall cau&s;es. Of this the patient will giue thee better &s;atisfaction then a thou&s;and vrines. <HI>If bub|bles do appeare in the vrine (&s;aith</HI> Reu&s;ner) <HI>together with the &s;ignes of defluxion or di&s;tillation of humours,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Schol. in cap. <HI>30.</HI> part. <HI>4.</HI> Iodoci Willich. de probat vrinar.</NOTE> <HI>e&s;pecially if a feauer be there|with conioyned, they do portend a Pleure&s;ie, as al&s;o the Gout: and great &s;tore of &s;pume or froth appearing in the vrine without the &s;ha|king of it, be&s;ides wind in generall, it doth pre&s;age that the wind col|licke threatneth &s;uch a partie.</HI> The &s;ame <HI>Reu&s;ner</HI> affirmeth, that <HI>Rha&s;es</HI> writeth, that <HI>round bubbles do progno&s;ticate bleeding at the no&s;e; and that &s;uch as be of a colour yellow like &s;affron with a little whitene&s;&s;e, do portend &s;ome infirmitie of the Lungs.</HI> But I beleeue he were a cunning Phy&s;itian, that could tell or name the di&s;ea&s;e by
<PB N="94" REF="154"> the vrine onely.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Comment. <HI>3.</HI> libri prorrh.</NOTE> Againe the&s;e frothie vrines according to <HI>Galen,</HI> do &s;ignifie a certaine melting or wa&s;ting away of the bodie, or an vnequall perturbation of the &s;ame by rea&s;on of &s;ome windi|ne&s;&s;e: the fir&s;t of the&s;e being dangerous, but not &s;o the other, but rather progno&s;ticating the long continuance of the di&s;ea&s;e. Such frothie vrines with &s;ome bubbles are to be &s;eene in feuers proceeding from the abundance of crude or raw humours. And not &s;o onely, but in the infirmities of the kidneyes al&s;o; <HI>Hippo|crates</HI> in his <HI>Aphori&s;mes</HI> affirming,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Aph.</HI> 34. <HI>&s;ect.</HI> 7.</NOTE> that &s;uch vrines do both &s;ig|nifie infirmities of the kidneyes, and the long continuance of the di&s;ea&s;e. But from the froth we come to the &s;moke or vapor in the vrine,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Sauonarola de vrin. cap. <HI>3.</HI> rubr. <HI>17.</HI></NOTE> of the which an <HI>Italian Phy&s;itian</HI> maketh mention; and is forced to be beholden to the <HI>Arabians</HI> for the &s;ame.</P>
<P><HI>Smoke or vapor (&s;aith he) is &s;ometimes to be &s;eene in the vrine,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Of &s;moke or vapour in the v|rine.</NOTE> <HI>and cannot be by euery one conceiued. It is engendred, &s;ometimes of a thicke adu&s;t matter; and then with the continuance of &s;trength &s;igni|fieth the long continuance of the di&s;ea&s;e: &s;ometimes of an hote adu&s;t matter, and with the decaying of &s;trength progno&s;ticateth death: &s;ometimes al&s;o of raw phlegme &s;omewhat adu&s;t, and &s;ignifieth the prolonging of the di&s;ea&s;e. And if it continue all the time of the di&s;ea&s;e, it portendeth death, or raw phlegme; which may be di&s;cerned from matter by the &s;tinking &s;mell.</HI> But becau&s;e our &s;ight is not &s;o &s;harpe in this Iland, we will leaue the&s;e &s;mokie vrines to the &s;harpe &s;ighted <HI>Italians</HI> and <HI>Arabians.</HI> But if any &s;uch &s;mokie &s;tuffe be found in any <HI>Engli&s;h</HI> vrines, it mu&s;t needs be be&s;t ob&s;erued in our co~mon Tobacconi&s;ts, who&s;e vrines it is a maruell that they are not wholly conuerted into &s;moke. But of this frothie and &s;mokie &s;tuffe &s;ufficient, this being likewi&s;e &s;o idle an opinion, that of its owne accord it vani&s;heth away into &s;moke: howbeit I thought good to acquaint the Reader with all the hid my&s;te|rie of the impo&s;ture, and abu&s;es concerning vrines. But now &s;omething concerning the fat &s;wimming on the top of vrines.</P>
<P>Such vrines haue this fat &s;wimming on the top,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Of fat &s;wim|ming on the top of vrines.</NOTE> &s;ometimes in a greater, and &s;ometimes in a &s;maller quantitie: and &s;ome|times againe like oyle, and &s;ometimes al&s;o couering all the o|uermo&s;t part of the vrine, like a &s;piders web. The&s;e fat vrines al&s;o &s;ignifie &s;ometimes a wa&s;ting of the whole bodie, if there be
<PB N="95" REF="154"> a feauer ioyned with the &s;ame; or of the kidneyes onely, if with|out it.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Gai. Comm. <HI>3.</HI> in lib. <HI>3.</HI> epid.</NOTE> This feauer is &s;ometimes very &s;peedy and &s;wift in opera|tion, wa&s;ting &s;uddenly not the fat onely, but the &s;olid &s;ub&s;tance of the body al&s;o; called therefore by our Phy&s;itians, <HI>Febris col|liquans;</HI> and &s;uch are often <HI>Pe&s;tilentiall</HI> feauers. It is againe &s;ome|times an <HI>Hecticke,</HI> which endeth in a <HI>Mara&s;me,</HI> vnle&s;&s;e it be fir&s;t preuented. But how &s;hall one be able by the bare &s;ight of the vrine onely, to di&s;cerne all the&s;e &s;euerall circum&s;tances and dif|ferences?<NOTE PLACE="marg">De prouid. ex v|rinis lib. <HI>3.</HI> cap. <HI>6.</HI></NOTE> But this is yet worth the ob&s;eruing (&s;aith <HI>Roganus</HI>) that when as the&s;e wa&s;ting or con&s;uming feauers haue wel|nigh wa&s;ted away the whole bodie, then are no more &s;uch wa|&s;ting excretions, which he calleth <HI>&s;yntectica excrementa,</HI> either fat vrines or faecall excrements to be &s;eene. For the fle&s;hie parts being hardned and dried vp, that which melteth and wa&s;teth a|way falleth now no more into the guts or the pa&s;&s;ages of the vrine, but pa&s;&s;eth away like a vapour.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Lib. <HI>1.</HI> meth. med. cap. vlt.</NOTE> This <HI>Galen</HI> &s;etteth downe by a very prettie and pertinent compari&s;on, taken from fle&s;h broyled on a gridiron. Now if any one &s;hould conceiue &s;ome better hope by rea&s;on that this fat matter did no more ap|peare, &s;hould he not mi&s;&s;e the marke, the ca&s;e being now farre more dangerous then before?<NOTE PLACE="marg">Guil. Adolph. Scrib. de in&s;pect. vrinar. prope fi|nem.</NOTE> The words of <HI>Scribonius</HI> make not a little to cleare this point in hand. <HI>By the&s;e fat vrines (&s;aith he) &s;ome do teach vs that we may ea&s;ily di&s;cerne and know all the kinds of a feauer Hecticke, by rea&s;on it &s;ignifieth a wa&s;ting and mel|ting of the parts of the bodie.</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>3.</HI> de prae&s;agit. ex pul&s;.</NOTE> <HI>But what&s;oeuer rea&s;on we render of the &s;ame, Galen notwith&s;tanding in expre&s;&s;e words affirmeth, that the v|rine of &s;uch as are &s;urpri&s;ed with a feauer Hecticke hath no certaine &s;ignification. Experience al&s;o doth teach vs, that &s;ome being of a cho|lericke constitution of body, as al&s;o &s;uch as haue eaten fat meates, or haue fat kidneyes, v&s;e often to make fat vrines. What rea&s;on is there then to pronounce either a feauer Hecticke, or yet any wa&s;ting or con|&s;umption thereby? This is not erronious onely, but full of temeritie al|&s;o. The truth of this a&s;&s;ertion may al&s;o in this more plainly appeare, that many haue dyed of &s;uch con&s;umption and wa&s;ting, who neuer, not|with&s;tanding had any fat &s;wimme on their vrines. Sometimes it hath bene al&s;o ob&s;erued, that the ve&s;&s;ell wherein the vrine hath bene car|ryed to the Phy&s;itian, hath before contained either oyle or &s;ome other
<PB N="96" REF="155"> fat matter, which ha<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">h by this meanes bene communicated to the v|rine. It is therefore the Phy&s;itians part diligently to enquire concer|ning all the circum&s;tances of the di&s;ea&s;e, and not by the inspection of the vrine onely peremptorily to pronounce any thing.</HI> Thus farre our author. Many of my friends and patients haue voyded vrines with this far like a &s;piders web floting on the top for diuer&s;e yeares together, and yet were neuer &s;ubiect to any con&s;ump|tion or wa&s;ting, either in the whole bodie or their kidneyes. And how ea&s;ily one may be deceiued in the&s;e fat vrines, may by this which followeth appeare.</P>
<P><NOTE PLACE="marg">Hi&s;torie.</NOTE><HI>It is not yet full three yeares &s;ince I had vnder my cure in North|ampton towne a countrey woman di&s;ea&s;ed of that infirmitie which we call</HI> Lienteria, or the fluxe of the &s;tomacke, <HI>whom one day vi&s;iting, and viewing her vrine, I perceiued &s;ome fat like vnto &s;ome drops of oyle &s;wimme on the top of it, which was againe the next day after to be &s;eene after the &s;ame manner: &s;he then &s;eeing me narrowly view the &s;ame, told me that the vrine was vnadui&s;edly made both the dayes in a ve&s;&s;ell wherein &s;ome oyle had before bene contained.</HI> What then if &s;uch an vrine had bene brought out of the countrey, either to my &s;elfe, or yet to any other Phy&s;itian, without any further in|formation? But we proceed now to the re&s;t.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 N="8" TYPE="chapter">
<HEAD><HI>CHAP. VIII.</HI> Of the cloud, &s;wimme or &s;ublimation, together with diuer&s;e &s;orts of grounds or re&s;idences, and the vncertaintie of their &s;ignifications.</HEAD>
<P>_IN the fir&s;t place we are to ob&s;erue, that all vrines are not accompanied with contents,<NOTE PLACE="marg">All vrines are not accompani|ed with con|tents.</NOTE> but many depriued of them; which may proceed from di|uer&s;e cau&s;es. As namely, in ca&s;e of cruditie, and the concoction being good, yet may &s;ome ob|&s;truction hinder any contents to pa&s;&s;e.<NOTE PLACE="marg">And may pro|ceed from di|uers cau&s;es.</NOTE> The like may be by fa|&s;ting procured, and want of food, which may al&s;o make the vrine of an higher colour. The inflammation of any part of the
<PB N="97" REF="155"> bodie, by drawing of the humours thither, may produce the like effect. In lasks al&s;o or fluxes of the bellie, as the vrine &s;hall be the le&s;&s;er, &s;o &s;hall the contents be few or none at all. Some certaine con&s;titutions al&s;o gather no &s;etlings in their vrines: and &s;uch as are in pre&s;ent health, and eate much, haue a more copious re&s;idence, and in Winter it doth more abound then in Sommer. Laborious and very painfull people may al&s;o haue lit|tle or no contents at all in their vrines. The time of the &s;ickne&s;&s;e in which this cometh to pa&s;&s;e, is al&s;o narrowly to be ob&s;erued: for in the beginning and increa&s;e of acute di&s;ea&s;es, then this want of contents argueth great defect of naturall &s;trength and vigour. In the declining of the di&s;ea&s;e it is not a me&s;&s;enger of &s;o bad newes, yea although it were in the vigour and &s;trength of it. And moreouer that many di&s;ea&s;es are brought to a hap|pie and expected i&s;&s;ue without any contents at all, is no vncouth thing. What certaintie then can be collected, either by the pre|&s;ence or yet by the ab&s;ence of the contents? Now howbeit heretofore &s;ome contents on the top of the vrine haue bene mentioned, yet are the&s;e la&s;t mentioned, mo&s;t commonly and con&s;tantly to be &s;eene ordinarily in vrines; and therefore are more properly called contents, and &s;o to be vnder&s;tood by that name. Now all the&s;e three, cloud, &s;wimme, and grounds, haue one and the &s;ame materiall cau&s;e, and their generation is al&s;o alike, differing onely in place and &s;ituation, according to the weight of the matter and the concoction of the di&s;ea&s;e. When the di&s;ea&s;e is yet crude and not concocted, yet in &s;ome for|wardne&s;&s;e thereunto, then appeareth that which is commonly called a cloud,<NOTE PLACE="marg">The cloud.</NOTE> for the proportion and analogie it &s;eemeth to haue with the clouds of the aire. When the di&s;ea&s;e is yet in a better forwardne&s;&s;e, then is to be &s;eene in the vrine, that which is commonly called the &s;wim<NOTE PLACE="marg">The &s;wimme.</NOTE> or &s;ublimation, hanging as it were betwixt the ouermo&s;t and neathermo&s;t region of the v|rine. But when nature hath now gotten the vpper hand of the di&s;ea&s;e, then doth this which we call ground,<NOTE PLACE="marg">The ground.</NOTE> &s;ettle to the bot|tome of the vrinall. My purpo&s;e is not here to enter into a large di&s;cour&s;e concerning the engendring of this &s;ub&s;tance, and farre le&s;&s;e yet the controuer&s;ies about the &s;ame, which I leaue
<PB N="98" REF="156"> to be di&s;cu&s;&s;ed in the &s;chooles, my intent here being onely to di&s;couer the vncertaintie of iudgement which the&s;e contents do affoord vs. Now when thou &s;ee&s;t the cloud, &s;wim, or re&s;i|dence, what can&s;t thou pronounce but &s;ome generall and inde|finite verdict concerning the cruditie or concoction of the di&s;|ea&s;e? but what this thy di&s;ea&s;e is, thy vrine will neuer reueale vnto thee, nor any of the re&s;t of the &s;ignes and circum&s;tances to be ob&s;erued in di&s;ea&s;es. And how&s;oeuer the materiall cau&s;e of all the&s;e three be one and the &s;ame, differing onely in cir|cum&s;tances, yet may &s;ometimes the one be without the other. <HI>Wher&s;oeuer there is a &s;wim (&s;aith</HI> Scribonius) <HI>there is al&s;o a ground or re&s;idence,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Loco proxime ci|tato.</NOTE> <HI>which may al&s;o be vnder&s;tood of a cloud: howbeit the ground may be without the former: to wit, if it do not containe &s;uch a flatuous matter as rai&s;eth the &s;ame vp, according to the te&s;timonie of</HI> Galen. <HI>Moreouer, the be&s;t and mo&s;t healthfull vrine is accoun|ted &s;uch as hath no &s;uch cloud nor &s;wim in it, as witne&s;&s;eth the &s;ame</HI> Galen.<NOTE PLACE="marg">2. <HI>Prorrh.</HI> 1. <HI>&amp;</HI> 2. <HI>in</HI> 6. <HI>epid.</HI> 37.</NOTE> <HI>And moreouer, if they be pre&s;ent, the iudgement by them is yet vncertaine. For who can tell whether this cometh to pa&s;&s;e by way of cri&s;is or otherwi&s;e, vnle&s;&s;e he weigh in the ballance diuers other circum&s;tances, according to the which criticall dayes are accu&s;tomed to be tried.</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Seuerall times to be a&s;&s;igned for the &s;etling of vrine.</NOTE> <HI>And be&s;ides the premi&s;&s;es, all vrines do not &s;uddenly &s;et|tle, and they a&s;&s;igne vs &s;euerall times for the vrine to &s;ettle in: &s;ome a&s;&s;igne vs halfe an houre, &s;ome the &s;ixt part of an houre, &amp;c. But bet|ter it were when they are &s;etled, then to giue out our iudgement of them. For I haue often let vrines &s;tand by me, and could &s;ee no &s;et|ling till the next day. Now what coulde&s;t thou haue iudged of &s;uch an vrine the fir&s;t day, e&s;pecially if the me&s;&s;enger, according to the com|mon cu&s;tome, had hyed him home? What coulde&s;t thou haue &s;aid con|cerning the &s;ame? And yet is this a ca&s;e which cometh not &s;eldome to pa&s;&s;e. Moreouer, the&s;e contents do &s;ometimes &s;uddenly vani&s;h away, and that after an houre or two after the voyding of the vrine. It may then plainly,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Et ex his proinde vniuer&s;is optime facillime&abque; intel|ligi po&s;&s;e opinor, quantus f<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">cus, quanta deceptio, quanta denique malignitas, &s;it omnium illorum qui ab&s;que alijs coiudicantibus vllus nude &amp; &s;impliciter ex al|lata &s;ibi vrinae aliquas corporis male affecti cau|&s;as &amp; originem, &s;ubiecta, adiun|cta &amp; &s;ic dein|ceps, vel explo|rati&s;&s;ime &s;e cog|no&s;cere po&s;&s;e aeu|tumant. Idem. Seribon. ibid. <HI>Of yellow con|tents or grounds</HI></NOTE> <HI>by the premi&s;&s;es, appeare (&s;aith the &s;ame Au|thor) what counterfetting iuggling and deceit they v&s;e, and how wicked their practi&s;e is, who without any other coiudicant &s;ignes, do by the vrines onely, giue out &s;entence concerning the infirmities of the bodie of man, their cau&s;es and beginning, their &s;ubiects, adiuncts, &amp;c.</HI> Now &s;omething concerning the &s;euerall &s;orts of grounds
<PB N="99" REF="156"> or contents in the vrine, mu&s;t likewi&s;e be &s;aid, that the errours and impo&s;tures in this point, as well as in other parts of the vrine, may be layd open to the capacitie of the mo&s;t ignorant.</P>
<P>As in the colours, therefore &s;o in the contents, we will be|gin with the be&s;t of all others. That then is accounted the be&s;t &s;ediment, &s;etling, or ground, which is white, duly knit and &s;ta|ble, and that continually all the time of the &s;ickne&s;&s;e: and that which declineth from the fore&s;aid laudable conditions, is ac|counted wor&s;e, and that &s;o much the more as it doth decline from them. It is generally agreed vpon among Phy&s;itians, that great &s;tore of yellow grounds argueth great &s;tore of yellow choler in the bodie; and the lighter coloured it be, it argueth the le&s;&s;e, the higher coloured the greater exce&s;&s;e. Now be&s;ides that thou can&s;t not tell what particular di&s;ea&s;e proceeding from choler (there being diuers) it may &s;ignifie, as whether an Ague, or &s;ome other di&s;ea&s;e: and againe, if an Ague, of what &s;ort or kind, continuall or intermittent: &s;o much le&s;&s;e art thou able to tell the time of it, which notwith&s;tanding maketh not a little to informe thy iudgement concerning the vrine. For if at the fir&s;t there be either &s;mall quantitie of choler, or yet none at all, and then it after increa&s;e abundantly, which is knowne by changing from a white thin to a &s;affron coloured ground) it is a &s;igne and token that nature doth vnburden it &s;elfe of this heauie balla&s;t of choler, and &s;o con&s;equently that health is like &s;hortly to en&s;ue. But if after a &s;affron colour it change to a white, it is a bad &s;igne, e&s;pecially without &s;ignes of concoction: for the which cau&s;e it will be requi&s;ite that thou ob&s;erue the &s;e|uerall alterations of the vrine, and then be well acquainted with the &s;tate and nature of the di&s;ea&s;e of the patient. The like may be &s;aid of red re&s;idence,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Red re&s;idence.</NOTE> the which in the beginning of di&s;ea&s;es doth not portend any good, and that by rea&s;on it argueth great &s;tore of cruditie, which hindereth the concoction of the bloud; and &s;uch are commonly &s;eene in ba&s;tard Tertian &amp; Quotidian Agues. But yet &s;uch Feuers as are incident to Plethoricall and Catechymicall con&s;titutions, oppre&s;&s;ed with abundance of bloud and bad humors, if they attaine to their expected i&s;&s;ue, mu&s;t needs be accompanied with &s;uch or the like re&s;idence.
<PB N="100" REF="157"> The bare in&s;pection of the vrine onely will neuer acquaint thee with the particular. Sometimes both the afore-mentioned contents are to be &s;eene in one and the &s;ame vrine, which is &s;ometimes deadly, and &s;ometimes againe proueth a fore-runner of &s;afetie and &s;ecuritie: I will in&s;tance in two examples of mine owne experience, to make the truth of this appeare.</P>
<P><NOTE PLACE="marg">Hi&s;torie.</NOTE><HI>About &s;ome three yeares ago, or a little aboue, a young Gentle|man in the countrey, to mine owne knowledge, voyded &s;uch an vrine for a quarter of a yeare together, and by appearance had &s;o continued long before my &s;ight of the &s;ame: and yet notwith&s;tanding all the eua|cuations were v&s;ed, it continued &s;o more or le&s;&s;e vntill his dying day. His di&s;ea&s;e was a Drop&s;ie, and with the &s;ame was ioyned the yellow Iaundi&s;e, which did outwardly &s;hew it &s;elfe to the view of the eye. His Liuer hote, and the whole con&s;titution of his bodie participating of the &s;ame di&s;temper.</HI></P>
<P><NOTE PLACE="marg">Another.</NOTE><HI>But in the yeare</HI> 1613. <HI>a woman of Northampton of good ac|count, being with child, voyded an vrine with the like re&s;idence, and that for as long a time at lea&s;t, and yet did their di&s;ea&s;es farre differ. For be&s;ides her being with a liue child (for vntill that time was not my coun&s;ell craued) &s;he was for a many weekes together neuer free from a Tertian, Quotidian, or both agues conioyned: the which were accompanied with a continuall cough, proceeding from a thinne &s;alt rheume, with &s;pitting of bloud, reaching and ca&s;ting, as al&s;o a great laske, all which accidents, or the mo&s;t of them, did not for&s;ake her till neare the time of her deliuerie. Phlebotomie for diuer&s;e con&s;iderations I dur&s;t not then attempt. Other euacuations, both vpwards and downewards, came in greater abundance then was wi&s;hed. It was now deepely imprinted, not in her owne onely, but in the conceits of her neighbours and others al&s;o of good vnder&s;tanding, that (in regard of her &s;pitting of bloud) &s;he was now farre &s;pent in an irrecouerable con|&s;umption. Vpon the relation of others I inclined to the &s;ame opinion. But at my fir&s;t &s;ight of her, together with the &s;ight of the bloud &s;he &s;pat vp, I changed my opinion. And &s;o, God adding his ble&s;&s;ing to the meanes &s;he v&s;ed by my directions, &s;he brought foorth at the time ap|pointed, a liue manchild, which neuerthele&s;&s;e liued not aboue the &s;pace of a moneth. The mother two or three dayes after her deliuerie was &s;urpri&s;ed with the Mea&s;els, and afterwards recouered her health a|gaine,
<PB N="101" REF="157"> the which at this pre&s;ent day &s;he yet enioyeth.</HI></P>
<P>Here was no Drop&s;ie at all, nor yet could I euer perceiue any &s;igne of a hote Liuer, and the matter of the laundi&s;e was voy|ded both by &s;toole and vrine. It may then plainly appeare, how farre the di&s;ea&s;es may &s;ometimes differ, the re&s;idence being &s;till alike in two &s;euerall bodies, &s;exes, &amp;c.</P>
<P>As concerning bloudy re&s;idence,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Bloudie re&s;i|dence, and the &s;euerall cau&s;es of the &s;ame.</NOTE> as was before &s;aid of bloudy vrine, it may come either of abundance of bloud in a plethoricall body, or el&s;e by weakne&s;&s;e of the retentiue power, and of the Liuer; the which rightly to di&s;cerne, wee mu&s;t be acquainted with diuers other circum&s;tances, which the vrine can neuer make knowen. It hath beene likewi&s;e already related, that &s;ometimes great quantitie of bloud it &s;elfe hath beene voyded without any danger: and &s;ometimes againe af|ter the voyding of a very &s;mall quantitie thereof, death hath not long deferred his approaches.</P>
<P><HI>In the yeere</HI> 1614. <HI>about the beginning of Ianuary,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Hi&s;torie.</NOTE> <HI>my coun&s;ell was demanded for a Gentleman dwelling neare</HI> Northampton, <HI>a|bout fiftie yeares of age or vpwards. In his vrine at my fir&s;t com|ming at him, was to be &s;eene great &s;tore of yellowi&s;h contents, clea|uing to the bottome of the vrinall, wherewith were intermingled &s;ome red &s;treakes of bloud. And howbeit I often earnestly intrea|ted him to admit of Phlebotomie, as the onely remedy to preuent a greater inconuenience, yet could I not preuaile, vntill &s;uch time as bloud now i&s;&s;uing out in great abundance, both vpwards and downe|wards, his &s;trength now decaying, and hairy irrecouerable occa&s;ion ouer pa&s;t, with a too late repentance, he would willingly haue paied a good fine for the renewing of the lea&s;e of his life, but all too late.</HI></P>
<P>As concerning white, blacke, leaden, or a&s;h-coloured;<NOTE PLACE="marg">See &s;omewhat in the colours heretofore.</NOTE> as al&s;o greene and blew contents, the vncertaintie of the&s;e may be in &s;ome &s;ort collected from that we haue already &s;aid of &s;uch vrines, and many other matters I willingly pa&s;&s;e by, and ha&s;ten to the re&s;t: to wit, diuers other &s;orts of re&s;idences or &s;trange contents, called by &s;ome, difforme contents.</P>
<P>Purulent or mattery re&s;idence,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Purulent or matterie re&s;i|dence.</NOTE> doth much re&s;emble a white re&s;idence or ground, which is &s;o much commended for the be&s;t of all others; and therefore requireth &s;ome iudgement to
<PB N="102" REF="158"> di&s;cerne the one from the o<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">her: and yet is there a crude and vnconcocted re&s;idence not vnlike this purulent matter to bee &s;eene, as well in whole as in &s;icke bodies. This purulent or mattery re&s;idence, againe proceedeth either from the kidneyes or the bladder, as is mo&s;t commonly receiued. But heare what the learned <HI>Hollerius</HI> &s;aith concerning the &s;ame.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Schol. ad cap. <HI>50.</HI> lib. <HI>1.</HI> de morb. in|tern.</NOTE></P>
<P><HI>Neither yet doth this mattery &s;tuffe alwaies proceed from the kidneys or bladder. For it proccedeth almo&s;t from euery part of the vpper region of the body, by the great and admirable industry of nature, and by meanes of the body euery where made pa&s;&s;able for &s;uch a purpo&s;e, doth disburden it &s;elfe &s;ometimes into the guts, and &s;ome|times againe into the bladder.</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Hi&s;torie.</NOTE> <HI>A certaine woman voyded, not with|out great paine and torment, &s;uch purulent and mattery vrines, who foure moneths after dyed, and the dead corps being opened, two &s;tones were found in her heart, with many little impo&s;tumes, the kidneyes, together with the other vrinary pa&s;&s;ages, being free from any other hurt.</HI></P>
<P><NOTE PLACE="marg">Lib. de vrin. cap. <HI>38.</HI></NOTE><HI>Galen</HI> (&s;aith <HI>Rondeletius</HI>) did &s;ee an impo&s;tume of the Lungs purged by vrine, by meanes of the emulgent or &s;ucking arte|ries. The gibbons or backe part of the Liuer, the kidneyes, bladder and yard, make v&s;e of the &s;ame pa&s;&s;age. Now which of the&s;e places are affected, the griefe and tumor of the part giueth vs notice, and not the vrine onely.</P>
<P><NOTE PLACE="marg">Red vetches or fitches.</NOTE>Now red Vetches or Fitches in the re&s;idence, called there|fore <HI>Hypo&s;ta&s;is orobea,</HI> or <HI>eruarea,</HI> are recorded by our Authors, to &s;ignifie either great inflammation of the Liuer, or colliqua|tion of the whole body, or of the kidneyes onely. And &s;o branny contents,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Brannie and &s;ca|lie contents.</NOTE> &s;ignifie &s;ometimes con&s;umption of the whole body, or of the bladder onely with concoction, no Ague; and great heat wa&s;ting the &s;ub&s;tance of the Liuer, and burning the bloud if it be red. So do fine branny contents &s;ignifie a colle|quation or wa&s;ting of the &s;olid parts: &s;harpe &s;ickne&s;&s;e, and for the mo&s;t part mortall, and &s;ome adde yet that it is &s;ome|times &s;eene in the vrines of women with child. And if this re&s;idence be red, they attribute it to extreame adu&s;tion of the bloud. Scales,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Scales.</NOTE> called <HI>Lamine, Squame,</HI> differ not much in &s;ig|nification.</P>
<PB N="103" REF="158">
<P>To Haires or &s;mall filaments in the vrine,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Haires in the vrine.</NOTE> are attributed al&s;o diuers &s;ignifications: as namely, a con&s;umption of the whole body, a Feuer then being ioyned therewith, or el&s;e of the kid|neyes onely, and then is no Feuer to be &s;eene.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Comm. <HI>1.</HI> ad aph. <HI>76.</HI> &s;ect. <HI>4.</HI></NOTE> They are accor|ding to <HI>Galen,</HI> engendered of a tough Phlegme, proceeding from the v&s;e of gro&s;&s;e diet. Sometimes al&s;o they are &s;aid to &s;ignifie exulceration of the reines or bladder: and &s;ometimes al&s;o fluxe of &s;eed from &s;euerall cau&s;es. And finally, womens white fluxe, from the matrixe or wombe. <HI>Galen</HI> is of opinion, that &s;uch contents come neuer without a thicke vrine. But ex|perience hath taught vs the contrary, &s;aith <HI>Hollerius.</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Loco proxime &s;u|pra citato. <HI>Hi&s;torie.</HI></NOTE></P>
<P><HI>A certaine man voyded &s;uch hairy excrements, with a golden coloured vrine, aboue the &s;pace of twenty yeares, it not being thicke, but keeping a meane: and howbeit his con&s;titution and &s;tate of body inclined to choler, yet was he of a rea&s;onable &s;quare and corpulent body. The like commeth al&s;o to pa&s;&s;e in many others, howbeit to others a thicke vrine is more frequent.</HI></P>
<P>If the Reader plea&s;e,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Schenck ob&s;er|uat. medic. lib. <HI>3.</HI> tit. de vrina.</NOTE> he may yet reade a &s;trange Story in <HI>Schenckius</HI> of a great quantitie of true and naturall haire, voy|ded by a woman with her vrine for a long time, the which the Author tried, by burning a parcell of it in the fire.</P>
<P>Sand or grauell in the vrine affoordeth vs yet no greater cer|taintie. It is recorded by that famous <HI>Hippocrates,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Sandie or gra|uelly re&s;idence. <HI>Aph.</HI> 79. <HI>&s;ect.</HI> 4.</NOTE> <HI>that in what|&s;oeuer vrine a grauelly matter &s;etleth to the bottome, it betokeneth a &s;tone either in the kidneys, or in the bladder.</HI> It is likely he had mo&s;t commonly ob&s;erued it &s;o in the place where he liued: but we find often the contrary in our climate. I haue my &s;elfe often ob|&s;erued, both in old age and younger yeeres, &s;uch grauelly vrines without any &s;tone. The widene&s;&s;e of the vrinary pa&s;|&s;ages, as al&s;o diureticall expelling medicines, may be a meanes of expelling &s;uch contents. And this di&s;ea&s;e may &s;ometimes be accompanied with a thinne vrine without any grauell at all, as in the ob&s;truction of the afore&s;aid pa&s;&s;ages. The Phy&s;itian being pre&s;ent, is often encombred, notwith&s;tanding the con|currence of all the &s;ignes together, to di&s;cerne a &s;tone from &s;ome other di&s;ea&s;e, as hath heretofore appeared: what cer|taintie then can be expected from the &s;ole deceitfull &s;igne of the vrine?</P>
<PB N="104" REF="159">
<P><NOTE PLACE="marg">Hi&s;torie. <HI>Ibidem.</HI></NOTE><HI>The Admirall</HI> Annebault (&s;aith Hollerius) <HI>being much tormen|ted in making his vrine for the &s;pace of eight moneths together, both Phy&s;itians and Surgeons being in doubt whether there were a &s;tone in the bladder or no, at length it was concluded to m<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ke inci&s;ion for the &s;tone. No &s;tone notwith&s;tanding was found, but a lumpe of fle&s;h growne to the necke of the bladder, hindering the free pa&s;&s;age of the vrine, which was cured by conuenient remedies, and the pattent re|&s;tored to his former health againe.</HI></P>
<P><NOTE PLACE="marg">Fle&s;her.</NOTE>Some al&s;o are of opinion, it &s;ignifieth adu&s;tion of humours, as in di&s;ea&s;es coming of choler, &s;uch as be burning Agues, Ter|tian Agues, &s;ingle and compound, and &s;ometim<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">s in di&s;ea&s;es of melancholie, as Quartaine agues long continuing. Likewi&s;e the Gout, paine of the ioynts and reines, Lepro&s;ie, French poxe confirmed, Emeraudes, co&s;tiuene&s;&s;e, and heate of the Liuer: if there be no paine nor heauine&s;&s;e about the reines.</P>
<P><NOTE PLACE="marg">Worms reie|cted by vrine.</NOTE>But be&s;ides all the former contents, wormes haue &s;ometimes bene voyded by the vrine, the which becau&s;e it may &s;eeme &s;ome thing &s;trange, therefore I will walke with my guides. <HI>Ronde|letius</HI> maketh it plaine.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Rondel. de vrinis, cap. <HI>38.</HI></NOTE> <HI>Gilbert Griphon fir&s;t of all &s;hewed me worms in the vrine when I was but yet young, who was al&s;o the chiefe inciter of me to this profe&s;&s;ion. The wormes might be &s;eene to mooue without any motion of the vrine.</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg"><P><HI>Montuus.</HI> Idem Rondel. lib. de morb. cogno&s;. cap. <HI>17.</HI></P>
<P>Hi&s;toria Didymi Obrechti ad fi|nem libri Ron|del. de vrinus ad|iecta.</P>
<P>Loco iam &s;upra citato.</P></NOTE> Againe. <HI>I haue &s;eene wormes in the vrine as large as Gourd &s;eedes, flat and aliue.</HI> Argenterius <HI>hath &s;eene the forme of a winged 'Dragon come foorth with the vrine.</HI> The hi&s;to|rie al&s;o annexed to the fore&s;aid <HI>Rondeletius</HI> his Tractate of v|rines, of foure wormes voyded by vrine at two &s;euerall times, do plainly witne&s;&s;e the &s;ame. <HI>His countreyman</HI> Hollerius <HI>maketh al&s;o mention of one</HI> Beaucler <HI>a Coun&s;eller, who after great paine in the kidneys, voyded a great worme. And of another, who after the voyding of &s;ome &s;tones and grauelly matter, voyded two euill fauoured wormes.</HI></P>
<P><NOTE PLACE="marg">Ibidem.</NOTE>The &s;ame Author againe. <HI>One demanded coun&s;ell of a Spaniard by letters, and helpe for one that was troubled with grauell, who ha|uing voyded &s;ome &s;tones and much &s;and, did al&s;o put foorth at his yard two little wormes, hauing pointed beckes, two hornes vpon the head like a &s;naile, the backe and bellie was as it were couered with &s;cales, blacke like a Tortoi&s;e, but vnder the bellie which was red.</HI></P>
<PB N="105" REF="159">
<P><HI>I haue wondered to &s;ee</HI> (&s;aith another Author) <HI>in mine owne v|rine a great number of wormes, &s;hort and little, like vnto &s;mall lice.</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg"><P>H<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">eron. Cardan. comm. in aph. <HI>76</HI> lib. <HI>4.</HI></P>
<P>Ambro&s;. Par. Chirurg. lib. <HI>19.</HI> cap. <HI>3.</HI></P></NOTE> Mon&s;ieur Duret <HI>a Phy&s;itian hath a&s;&s;ured me (&s;aith</HI> Ambro&s;e Pare) <HI>that he did voyd at his yard, after a long and grieuous &s;ickne&s;&s;e, a little beast aliue, very &s;trange and wonderfull to behold, which was of a reddi&s;h colour.</HI> Charles Earle of Mansfield <HI>being very &s;icke of a continuall Feauer, ca&s;t foorth at his yard a worme of the very forme of a blacke Pye.</HI></P>
<P>Leuinus Lemnius <HI>reporteth that he hath &s;eene in the vrines of diuer&s;e that haue bene &s;icke of the French poxe,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">De occult. nat. mirac. lib. <HI>2.</HI> cap. <HI>40.</HI></NOTE> <HI>wormes like vnto Antes.</HI></P>
<P><HI>One being troubled with difficultie of making water (&s;aith</HI> Schen|cleius) <HI>voyded by his yard a little liue Scorpion.</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Ob&s;eruat. medi|cin. l. <HI>3.</HI> &s;ect. <HI>312.</HI></NOTE></P>
<P>And as another author affirmeth,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Alexand. Bened. anat. lib. <HI>2.</HI> c. <HI>22.</HI></NOTE> <HI>in the bladder of &s;ome per&s;ons wormes do breed, and little bea&s;ts like to Cockles of the &s;ea.</HI></P>
<P>But now would I willingly demand of the cunninge&s;t pi&s;&s;e-prophet in the countrey, what would or could he pre&s;age by &s;uch a wormie vrine? Putrefaction thou wilt &s;ay, it may be. But of what part, I pray thee? whether in the bloud or the bladder, the &s;tomacke or maw, or in the guts? I haue often admini&s;tred meanes both to yong and old again&s;t this di&s;ea&s;e, euen again&s;t all the &s;orts of wormes commonly recorded by our Phy&s;itians, yet could I neuer perceiue any in &s;uch per&s;ons vrines. And in how many young childrens vrines haue they found any &s;uch creatures? But what if &s;uch creatures were conueyed from the &s;tomacke through the me&s;araicke veines into the great porter veine, and from thence into the great hollow veine, and &s;o from thence di&s;tributed into the re&s;t of the bloud, or el&s;e by the kid|neyes into the bladder? If thou wilt denie this long and tedious iourney, I will againe demand of thee,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Iohann. Reno|daeus de mat. med. lib. <HI>3</HI> cap. <HI>33.</HI> &amp; antidot. lib. <HI>1.</HI> &s;ect. <HI>1.</HI> cap. <HI>20.</HI> circa finem. <HI>Motes in the v|rine, together with their &s;eue|rall &s;ignifica|tions.</HI></NOTE> how come wormes into the bloud, as may appeare by this which followeth.</P>
<P><HI>In a certaine citizen at Paris, the ba&s;ilica or Liuer veine being o|pened, in mine owne &s;ight and pre&s;ence came forth a worme about a &s;panne long.</HI> Thus then thou &s;ee&s;t what certaintie may be col|lected by the &s;ight of wormes in the vrine. There are yet &s;ome|times motes to be &s;eene in the vrine, which according to our writers &s;ignifie diuer&s;e things: as namely, putrefaction, as in the
<PB N="106" REF="160"> <HI>Plague</HI> and <HI>French poxe,</HI> being accompanied with &s;tinch. Againe great agitation and commotion of the humours, as in the <HI>&s;mall poxe</HI> and <HI>mea&s;els.</HI> They are &s;aid likewi&s;e to &s;ignifie <HI>rhewme,</HI> the <HI>gout,</HI> di&s;ea&s;es of the <HI>mother,</HI> and finally <HI>conception.</HI> Let the vn|partiall Reader iudge what a&s;&s;urance one can learne from &s;uch an vrine, concerning the particular circum&s;tances of the di&s;ea&s;e.</P>
<P><NOTE PLACE="marg">Of du&s;t in the vrine.</NOTE>But we mu&s;t not yet omit the very du&s;t, which they will haue to &s;ignifie diuer&s;e and &s;undrie matters; and that according to the &s;euerall colours of the &s;ame, vpon the which I will not long dwell, but yet &s;ay &s;omething of the blacke, which may &s;eeme to threaten greate&s;t danger. Such du&s;t falling to the bottome, either blacke or of a leaden colour, proceeding of melancholie, is thought to &s;ignifie fluxe of the <HI>Emeraudes,</HI> pre&s;ent, or &s;hortly to follow: and &s;ometimes vomiting of bloud. As al&s;o &s;ome|times paine in the reines, loynes, &amp;c. and &s;topping of the Flo|wers, and at other times paine and di&s;ea&s;es of the Spleene, &amp;c.</P>
<P><NOTE PLACE="marg">Hi&s;torie.</NOTE><HI>In the beginning of the yeare</HI> 1623. <HI>my coun&s;ell and per&s;onall pre|&s;ence was craued for a Ladie in Northampton-&s;hire of good account. In the bottome of the vrinall wherein her vrine was put, for certaine dayes together, &s;ome &s;uch blacke du&s;t might be &s;eene; which a graue Diuine there pre&s;ent thought to be &s;o dangerous, that he told me he had &s;eldome &s;eene them liue many dayes after the &s;ight of &s;uch co~tents in their vrines. And howbeit &s;ome &s;trange and trouble&s;ome accidents did terrifie the &s;pectators who beheld her with vulgar eyes, yet did her pul&s;e put me in better hope, which was &s;hortly &s;econded by a happie and prosperous i&s;&s;ue, the Ladie recouering her former health againe. Neither heard I any complaint of &s;uch things as the&s;e contents are &s;aid to &s;ignifie.</HI></P>
<P>But hauing now fini&s;hed both colours and contents, with other things belonging to this &s;ubiect, it is perhaps now ex|&s;pected I &s;hould &s;ay &s;omething of the manner of pi&s;&s;ing, as concerning not a little the matter in hand.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 N="9" TYPE="chapter">
<PB N="107" REF="160">
<HEAD><HI>CHAP. IX.</HI> Of the manner of pi&s;&s;ing: the retention or &s;toppage of vrine, totall or in part, as al&s;o of inuoluntarie pa&s;&s;ing, both in &s;ickne&s;&s;e and in health.</HEAD>
<P>_THe manner of pi&s;&s;ing, is either hard and vnea&s;ie, or el&s;e inuoluntarie. As for the fir&s;t, the action is intere&s;&s;ed three manner of wayes, as witne&s;&s;eth <HI>Hollerius</HI> and others. Fir&s;t, there is a great de&s;ire to pi&s;&s;e, but cannot be effected without force and hard &s;training, &amp; &s;ometimes not without paine. Secondly, there is the like de&s;ire, but the vrine pa&s;&s;eth away but by drops. Thirdly, there is a &s;toppage or ob&s;truction of the vrine, that it is not voyded at all, or el&s;e &s;o little that it is to &s;mall purpo&s;e. Painefull and vnea&s;ie pi&s;&s;ing, may come to pa&s;&s;e,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Of painfull and vnea&s;ie pi&s;&s;ing.</NOTE> either by the acrimonie and &s;harpne&s;&s;e of the humour, or by the imbecillitie or weakene&s;&s;e of the retentiue facultie, proceeding for the mo&s;t part from cold: the which painfulne&s;&s;e may in like manner be procured by rea&s;on of &s;ome inflammation, clotted or congea|led bloud, an vlcer, a &s;tone, &amp;c. Suppre&s;&s;ion of vrine<NOTE PLACE="marg">Suppre&s;&s;ion of vrine.</NOTE> procee|deth from diuer&s;e cau&s;es: &s;ometimes by meanes of the ob&s;tru|ction or &s;toppage of the guts, and &s;ometimes againe by meanes of the emulgent or &s;ucking veines: and that againe two man|ner of wayes: to wit, either by rea&s;on of the weakene&s;&s;e of the drawing or &s;ucking qualitie, or el&s;e by ob&s;truction.<NOTE PLACE="marg">The &s;euerall cau&s;es of the &s;ame.</NOTE> This &s;up|pre&s;&s;ion is likewi&s;e procured by the ob&s;truction or &s;toppage of the Kidneys and Vrine-pipes, and by meanes of the weake|ne&s;&s;e thereof. By rea&s;on of the ob&s;truction of the afore&s;aid pa&s;|&s;ages, it cometh al&s;o diuer&s;e wayes to pa&s;&s;e: as either by meanes of an inflammation, knob or bunch of either of the&s;e parts, or others adioyning: or el&s;e by rea&s;on of a &s;tone, clotted or con|gealed bloud, or &s;ome tough phlegme impacted and cleauing fa&s;t to the place: as al&s;o &s;ometimes, howbeit &s;eldome, by rea|&s;on of &s;ome holes in the kidneyes,<NOTE PLACE="marg">De internor. morb. curat. tomo. <HI>3.</HI> lib. <HI>4.</HI> cap. <HI>12.</HI></NOTE> and that after the voyding of &s;ome &s;tones, as <HI>Mercatus</HI> hath ob&s;erued. Suppre&s;&s;ion of vrine
<PB N="108" REF="161"> is likewi&s;e &s;ometimes cau&s;ed by meanes of the bladder or parts thereto adioyning,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Suppre&s;&s;ion of vrine by meanes of the bladd<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">r diuer&s;e wayes procured.</NOTE> it being al&s;o thereby intere&s;&s;ed. And in the fir&s;t place, by rea&s;on of the want of the &s;en&s;e of feeling, the &s;i|new de&s;cending from the loynes and the hucklebone being loo&s;ened. Secondly, by rea&s;on of the failing of the expelling power of the bladder, &amp;c. Thirdly, the exceeding great quan|titie of vrine di&s;tending and &s;tretching out of the bladder, de|tained longer then is conuenient, may bring this &s;ometimes to pa&s;&s;e. Fourthly, the re&s;olution or loo&s;ene&s;&s;e of the mu&s;cles of the neather bellie, which haue likewi&s;e &s;ome intere&s;t in the fur|therance of this excretion. Fiftly, by the totall ouerthrow of the expelling facultie: as we &s;ee &s;ometimes come to pa&s;&s;e in burning Feauers, as witne&s;&s;eth <HI>Hippocrates.</HI> Sixtly, by the de|fect and fault of the vrine-pipes, and that diuer&s;e manner of wayes: for &s;ometimes the mu&s;cle which &s;hutteth vp the blad|der is clinged together by a conuul&s;ion: the pa&s;&s;age is likewi&s;e &s;topt, either by the meanes of &s;ome tough clammie humours, &s;ome clotted bloud, matter, knob or bunch, or any tumour, the outgrowing of &s;ome peece of fle&s;h, &s;ome wart or &s;carre, and finally, by rea&s;on of a &s;tone &s;topping vp the pa&s;&s;age by the neck of the bladder. Seuenthly, by the con&s;ent of the places adioy|ning, the bladder and the vrine-pipes are &s;ometimes &s;o &s;hut vp, that they cannot freely deliuer the vrine, which cometh often to pa&s;&s;e in women, by rea&s;on of the nearene&s;&s;e of the wombe. Eightly, by meanes of a Pal&s;ie or re&s;olution of the bladder. The vncertaintie therefore of the vrine in di&s;ea&s;es of this nature and kind, may as euidently appeare as in any of the premi&s;&s;es. And there being &s;o many cau&s;es producing paine and difficultie in making of vrine, to which of them wilt thou a&s;cribe it? A|gaine, if there be a retention of the vrine, what wilt thou &s;end to the Phy&s;itian? And if &s;uch an accident come to the cure of &s;ome Empiricke or vnskilfull Phy&s;itian, his conceit will &s;traightway leade him to &s;ome &s;tone, and &s;o, according to their ignorance in this art, exhibite &s;trong diuretickes, or medicines prouoking vrine, as I haue &s;ometimes ob&s;erued:<NOTE N="*" PLACE="marg">Calculus renum rare aut nun. quam diuretica huius aut illius &s;ortis citra dam|num admittit, &amp;c.</NOTE> which are &s;o farre from procuring the intended good, that they produce ra|ther a contrary effect. Of a &s;uppre&s;&s;ion of vrine by meanes of
<PB N="109" REF="161"> clotted bloud I haue in&s;tanced alreadie.</P>
<P><HI>This last Spring a young Gentleman of Leice&s;ter&s;hire,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Mercat. Tomo.</HI> 1. <HI>lib.</HI> 3. <HI>par.</HI> 3. <HI>cla&s;&s;.</HI> 3. <HI>quae&s;t.</HI> 217. Hi&s;torie.</NOTE> <HI>of good worth, trauailing towards London thorow this Towne of Northamp|ton, was &s;uddenly &s;urpri&s;ed with a &s;uppre&s;&s;ion of vrine. Being a|fraid of a &s;tone in his bladder (howbeit he had neuer heretofore complained of this infirmity) yet tried he what the art of Surgerie could doe, by meanes of a Catheter thru&s;t vp thorow his yard to|wards the necke of his bladder, together with &s;ome other meanes, which notwith&s;tanding tooke no effect. The next morning, about eight of the clocke, I was &s;ent for to the patient, who&s;e belly began to &s;well, and &s;ome fumes to a&s;cend into his head. By meanes of a gentle opening iulep, together with a Catapla&s;me applied to his &s;hare, it plea&s;ed God to accompli&s;h his de&s;ires: howbeit a me&s;&s;enger had bene already &s;ent away to bring with him an expert Surgeon to make in|ci&s;ion. He voyded that day abundance of vrine of a laudable colour, and an&s;werable contents, &s;o that none could find any fault in the &s;ame, and the next day he went forward in his intended iourney towards London.</HI></P>
<P>The pa&s;&s;age of the vrine in this patient was &s;omewhat nar|row, as &s;eemeth, and that by rea&s;on of &s;ome former infirmity; and perhaps &s;ome wind gathered in the great gut might make &s;ome compre&s;&s;ion of the necke of the bladder. Now that &s;up|pre&s;&s;ion of vrine in acute di&s;ea&s;es is dangerous,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>Aphor.</HI> 62. <HI>lib.</HI> 4.</NOTE> <HI>Hippocrates</HI> doth not deny; other Phy&s;itians al&s;o haue ob&s;erued it, and my &s;elfe not long &s;ince, in one who died not long agoe. And be|cau&s;e this Hi&s;tory for diuers rea&s;ons is worth the relating, I will intreate the courteous Reader that he would be plea&s;ed a while to lend his eyes and eares.</P>
<P><HI>This la&s;t yeere</HI> 1623.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Another.</NOTE> <HI>Augu&s;t the</HI> 28. <HI>an Alderman of Nor|thampton, a man of good account in this Corporation, neare fiftie yeares of age, &s;ubiect of late yeares to a great paine in his head, and &s;ometimes my patient: riding abroad in his corne-field, about &s;ome three miles off this Towne, was &s;uddenly &s;urpri&s;ed with a chilne&s;&s;e in his legges, and &s;hortly after complained of the like in his backe, bones, and vpper parts of his body: vpon which occa&s;ion he hyed him home, and im<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">gining it to be &s;ome cold, continued ill that night, and the next day and night following. The Satterday after, and the
<PB N="110" REF="162"> third day of his di&s;ea&s;e, by per&s;wa&s;ion of &s;ome of his friends, his vrine with a letter was carried to a Par&s;on-practi&s;er, dwelling about a dozen of miles hence, one of our chiefe Calculators of Natiuities in all the countrey. The Par&s;on &s;ent backe word, it was a blind Ague, and withall &s;ends him a vomit, and pre&s;cribes Phlebotomie. The Surgeon being &s;ent for, perceiues a Iaundi&s;e, and the patient com|plaines of &s;ome faintne&s;&s;e; vpon which occa&s;ion he refu&s;es to let him bloud, wi&s;hing his friends to acquaint the Par&s;on with the&s;e occur|rents. The Par&s;on repeales his former &s;entence, and commends the Surgeon for being &s;o &s;paring. And indeed he dealt hone&s;tlier then the Par&s;on: for he tru&s;ted none but his owne eyes, and &s;o told his mind freely to his friend: but the Par&s;on both &s;aw with other mens eyes, and heard with other mens eares; and building vpon this &s;andy foundation, &s;ent his Oracle to the ab&s;ent, which he as ea&s;ily recalled againe vpon the fir&s;t information, and &s;ends him another Oracle written now in a peece of paper, and withall &s;ends him an Electuary and Iulep for his laundi&s;e, and &s;ome directions for a drinke. But let vs heare the laudable effects of this vomit. It wrought vpwards effectually, and &s;omething downewards: and while the patient was able to take any &s;u&s;tenance, it returned backe by the &s;ame way it went in. And be&s;ides, after the operation of this vomit, the Iaundi&s;e appeared, a &s;uppre&s;&s;ion of vrine and ordure, together with a trouble&s;ome and tedious Hicket, which neither day nor night for&s;ooke our patient. To the former accidents was &s;hortly added a difficulty in &s;wallowing, with an extreame &s;orene&s;&s;e in his mouth, which like a Canker &s;pread it &s;elfe ouer all the parts of the &s;ame, with an vlcer (as appeared) in the Almonds or parts adioyning, which yeelded &s;uch abundance of white corrupted matter at fir&s;t, and afterwards coloured, as I neuer did ob&s;erue the like in euery re|&s;pect. The Par&s;on being earne&s;tly intreated to affoord his patient his pre&s;ence in this his &s;o great extremity, no prayers would preuaile; but &s;ent him backe word, that the Iaundi&s;e now appearing, he hoped the wor&s;t was pa&s;t. The patient &s;eeing him&s;elfe for&s;aken now in his greate&s;t need, hauing learned by a too late repentance, that his Par|&s;on proued not &s;o tru&s;ty a friend as he &s;uppo&s;ed;</HI> Cum nemini ob|trudi pote&s;t itur ad me. <HI>On the Thur&s;day after, about two a clocke in the morning, and the beginning of the eight day &s;ince the begin|ning
<PB N="111" REF="162"> of his di&s;ea&s;e, he &s;ent for me, mo&s;t earne&s;tly intreating me that I would be plea&s;ed to affoord him my pre&s;ence with what &s;peed I could. I preferring Chri&s;tian charitie and loue of my old friend before any late ingratitude, repaire pre&s;ently to his hou&s;e, where I find him in that ca&s;e I haue alreadie related. Hauing acquainted his wife and friend<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">th the extreame <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">anger I then found him in, yet being both by him<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">elfe, his wife and all his friends earne&s;tly intreated to do my vtt<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">mo&s;t endeauour to helpe him in this extremitie, and at lea&s;t to ea&s;e him of <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">he&s;e trouble&s;ome accidents; &s;o much by gli&s;ters and o|ther mild meanes in two dayes &s;pace I preuailed, that mo&s;t of the a|boue-named accidents vani&s;hed quite away: his vrine al&s;o came in great abundance, of a laudable colour, without any bad contents, and the other ege&s;tion ob&s;erued now a good and orderly cour&s;e: the hicket came but &s;eldome, and with &s;mall annoyance. But the pul&s;e played not his part &s;o well as I wi&s;hed, and the &s;orene&s;&s;e of his mouth increa&s;ed &s;o fa&s;t, that it began to get ground vpon his lips. The which I then perceiuing, as likewi&s;e that he was not as yet free from his Feauer, willing to trie if Phlebotomie would any thing auaile, I gaue way to the v&s;ing of this remedie. About &s;ixe ounces of very corrupt bloud were taken from him on Saturday morning, (his no&s;e hauing made &s;ome offer twice or thrice before, and once after his Phleboto|mie) not without alleuiation, whereupon en&s;ued rea&s;onable good re&s;t the night following. On Sonday morning was little alteration to be di&s;cerned, but that he complained much of faintne&s;&s;e, and yet was bet|ter able to &s;wallow then before: the &s;orene&s;&s;e of his mouth began like|wi&s;e to amend, being duly dre&s;&s;ed diuer&s;e times of the day: his hicket al&s;o was no more to be heard. Not full two houres after our departure, Death &s;ends him new &s;ummons by &s;ome change and alteration to the wor&s;e, which could not be concealed from the mo&s;t vulgar eye. In the afternoone vi&s;iting him, I found no further hope or encouragement to proceed, and yet farre le&s;&s;e on Monday morning, &s;aue that I wi&s;hed them &s;till to continue the giuing of him a Cordiall Iulep there in a readine&s;&s;e, and &s;o left vi&s;iting him any more, and he ere nine of the clocke at night, obeying Deaths la&s;t &s;ummons, di&s;charged that debt which we haue yet to pay.</HI></P>
<P>But now Ma&s;ter Par&s;on, our patient re&s;ting in peace, I would willingly expo&s;tulate a little concerning your carele&s;&s;e (and as I
<PB N="112" REF="163"> thinke) irregular and ignorant proceeding in this bu&s;ine&s;&s;e, which concerned no le&s;&s;e then a mans life: the life, I &s;ay, not of an ordinary man, but of a magi&s;trate, whom this corporation could not &s;o well at this time haue &s;pared; be&s;ides the intere&s;t his wife and children and other friends had in him. In the fir&s;t place your Oracle being asked, it an&s;wered, His di&s;ea&s;e was a blind Ague.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Raro aut nun|quam ei&s;dem accidentibus &amp; conditionibus in|&s;ignata apparet huiu&s;modi febris, &s;ed pro varietate corporei appara|tus &amp; aliarum rerum, quae cor|pus humanam mutare habent, variari &s;ubinde ip&s;am contingit. Mercat. tom. <HI>2.</HI> lib. <HI>7.</HI> cap. <HI>2.</HI></NOTE> Of maligne Feauers I haue both read, and knowne them po&s;&s;e&s;&s;e now and then &s;ome of my patients; but as for blind Agues, we leaue them to Par&s;ons that cannot &s;ee. And what be the <HI>Pathognomonicke</HI> &s;ignes of a blind Ague, and what Authors write of it? The vrine told you no &s;uch matter, and I dare &s;ay, the me&s;&s;enger was much amazed at &s;o blind an Ora|cle. But this is no new practi&s;e of your &s;elfe and others of your cloth, le&s;t you &s;hould &s;eem to be ignorant of any thing, to coyne new names for di&s;ea&s;es, whereof you are altogether ignorant. And thus another of your double profe&s;&s;ion, &s;ome few yeares ago, his iudgement by a Gentleman concerning his di&s;ea&s;e be|ing demanded, an&s;wered, It was a di&s;ea&s;e in his &s;pirits. The Gentleman died within a few dayes after of a Feauer, which tooke po&s;&s;e&s;&s;ion of the whole bodie; and a Phy&s;itian that came afterwards to him, thought it to be a Squinancie, and that the Par&s;on had wronged him in deferring Phlebotomie too long, by the which he gaue the patient &s;ome ea&s;e for the pre&s;ent. If this Par&s;on had euer learned the grounds of Phy&s;icke, he could haue told that that Feauer which we call <HI>Ephemera,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Gal. <HI>1.</HI> de differ. febr. cap. <HI>1.</HI></NOTE> not excee|ding foure and twentie houres, is properly &s;aid to be in the &s;pi|rits, being commonly free from danger: but if it exceed this terme, then turneth it to &s;ome other Feauer, and &s;o lo&s;eth the former name. But what remedies were by you appointed for this patients blind Ague, as it plea&s;eth you to call it? If a blind Ague, it had as blind a remedie, a vomit was exhibited, Phle|botomie pre&s;cribed. As for your vomit, although I neuer did &s;ee it, yet I am not ignorant of the matter and nature of it. But be what it would, that it was then vn&s;ea&s;onable, I thinke any of common &s;en&s;e cannot deny. For in the fir&s;t place he had not long bene &s;icke, neither yet came his &s;ickne&s;&s;e by any &s;urfet, to induce you at fir&s;t da&s;h to pre&s;cribe him &s;uch a vomit before
<PB N="113" REF="163"> any other remedie. Againe, you ought not to be ignorant, that in mo&s;t di&s;ea&s;es (acute e&s;pecially) the appetite faileth at fir&s;t, and yet v&s;e we not alwayes to begin with &s;trong &s;tibiate vo|mits. But what were the effects of your vomit we haue heard, and the patient fared the wor&s;e for it. He was &s;ubiect to an old paine in his head, and with this vn&s;ea&s;onable vomit the torrent of tho&s;e &s;harpe and maligne cholericke humours wherewith his bodie abounded, were drawne vp towards the throate, and other parts adioyning: hence had he that exulceration in his throate and mouth, the hicket, &amp;c. I know your grauitie would di&s;daine the name of an Empiricke, but pardon me good ma&s;ter Par&s;on, this cour&s;e was too Empiricall, I wi&s;h both your &s;elfe and &s;ome of your brethren to be more circum&s;pect in exhibi|ting your vomits. It is too well knowne in the countrey,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Strong &s;tibiate vomits ordina|rily v&s;ed by our Par&s;on-practi|&s;ers in mo&s;t di&s;|ea&s;es, and for the mo&s;t part with|out the &s;ight of their patient.</NOTE> that &s;trong &s;tibiate vomits are v&s;ed by many of you, almo&s;t in euery di&s;ea&s;e, as &s;ome famous <HI>Panacaea</HI> or <HI>Aurum Potabile,</HI> fal&s;ly &s;up|po&s;ed good again&s;t all di&s;ea&s;es. The other Par&s;on lately men|tioned, within the&s;e few yeares gaue two vomits in one day, the one to a woman dwelling &s;eauen miles off this towne, who died pre&s;ently: the other to a woman of this towne of good ac|count, and &s;ince my patient, at that time being big with child, and the vomit wrought with great violence from &s;eauen a clocke in the morning till foure a clocke in the afternoone, and hardly e&s;caped &s;he the like danger, or abortion at lea&s;t.</P>
<P>Some few yeares ago my pre&s;ence was required for a Gentle|woman at a Knights hou&s;e within &s;eauen miles of <HI>Northampton.</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Hi&s;torie.</NOTE> Her di&s;ea&s;e was a Squinancie, and had bene before my com|ming, by the aduice of a neighbour Par&s;on (for &s;uch are in mo&s;t corners of the countrey to be found) at lea&s;t twice Phleboto|mi&s;ed, howbeit without any &s;ucce&s;&s;e, and then had this cunning <HI>Ae&s;culapius</HI> left her a &s;tibiat vomit, as his la&s;t anchor of hope, At my coming I found her not able to &s;wallow any thing at all, the drinke which &s;he a&s;&s;ayed to &s;wallow coming out at her no|&s;trils againe. The Ladie asking me whether &s;he might take the Par&s;ons vomit or no, I replyed, it was ab&s;urd both in<NOTE N="*" PLACE="marg">Si igitur vale~|ter etiamnum fluxio irruat, ad contraria reuel|lere &s;tudebimus: vtique &s;i in &s;u|perioribus vicus con&s;istat, per in|ferna purgantes: &s;in autem in in|ferioribus &s;it, &s;u|periorem ven|trem p<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">gantes. Gal. Meth. med. lib. <HI>4.</HI></NOTE> rea&s;on and common &s;en&s;e, and that both in regard it could not de|&s;cend into the &s;tomach, as al&s;o for feare of attraction of the hu|mour
<PB N="114" REF="164"> towards the place affected. In three dayes &s;pace, by meanes of attractiue gli&s;ters, which the Par&s;on had omit|ted, and &s;ome other meanes I v&s;ed, the patient, by Gods helpe recouered againe her former health. But to our purpo&s;e againe. The next remedie by you pre&s;cribed was Phlebotomie. I denie not the nece&s;&s;itie thereof, how&s;oeuer your pre&s;cription was but by ayme, as being ignorant of his &s;trength, wherein the me&s;&s;enger might ea&s;ily be mi&s;taken, as it often cometh to pa&s;&s;e. Within the&s;e two yeares pa&s;t, I tooke aboue fiftie ounces of bloud from a man of middle age in this &s;ame towne, being &s;ei&s;ed with a burning Feauer, accompanied with a &s;trong de|liration, whom his friends &s;uppo&s;ed to be &s;o weake, that after I had &s;eene him, &amp; acquainted them with the truth, &s;carce could I per&s;wade them to yeeld to this remedie. And this was perfor|med in a weekes &s;pace, the patient taking nothing in the meane while but a little drinke, or milke and water, being both then and a long time after depriued of his naturall re&s;t, by his owne vnruline&s;&s;e, and his friends carele&s;ne&s;&s;e, and yet recouered he his health. But why was not this remedie admini&s;tred to our patient? Becau&s;e the Par&s;on was informed of the appearing of the Iaundi&s;e. But did the Iaundi&s;e cro&s;&s;e the former indication of bleeding The<NOTE N="a" PLACE="marg">Icte<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">us triplex e&s;t, &s;elleus, hepa|ticus &amp; criticus. Felleus &s;i<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> vel ab immodica pleni tudine ve&s;iculae fellis, vel par|uitate eius, aut ab imbecillitate facultatis attra|ctricis eiu&s;dem, aut &agrave; m<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">atuum ob&s;tructione; &s;iue corum &s;it per quos bilis al|licitur, &s;iue eo|rum per quos pel|litur ad inte&s;ti|na, quo regurgi+tat ad venas bi|lis, &amp; praedictu~ gignit affectum. Hepaticus effici|tur icterus ab hepatis ob&s;tru|ctione, &s;cirrho, inflammatione, aut calida di|&s;temperie: ad quod etiam mem|brum reducitur venarum calidi|tas exurens, &amp; totius etiam cor|poris, &s;iue etiam corrumpatur in venis &amp; vniuer|&s;o corpore &s;an|guis ob earum intemperamentum citra hepatis affectum, aut &agrave; veneno a&s;&s;umpto, aut eiaculato &agrave; fera, vel a&s;&s;umptis cathar<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ticis non purgantibus. Criticus duplex exi&s;tit: &s;alutaris vnus, qui rur&s;us &s;it dum &s;ano exi&s;tente homine mole&s;tatur natura, aut in morborum iudicationibus, quae &s;eptimo die aut po&s;t &s;eptem, diebus criticus incidit, antegre&s;&s;is coctionis fignis, &amp;c. Alter ver&ograve; e&s;t criticus &agrave; motu ma|ligni morbi, quem etiam &s;ymptomaticum dicere po&s;&s;umus, qui &s;emper ant&egrave; &s;eptimum incidit, &amp;c. Mercatus de intern. morb. curat. tomo. <HI>3.</HI> lib. <HI>4.</HI> cap. <HI>5.</HI></NOTE> Iaundi&s;e proccedeth of diuer&s;e cau&s;es, and therefore the cure is accordingly to be accommodated. It cometh &s;ometimes &s;olely and of it &s;elfe, without any other di&s;|ea&s;e, and &s;ometimes prooueth nothing el&s;e &s;aue a &s;ymptome or accident of &s;ome other di&s;ea&s;e, as of a Scirrhus, or inflammation of the Liuer, &amp;c. It is al&s;o &s;ometimes occa&s;ioned by poy&s;on, and &s;ometimes by meanes of &s;ome<NOTE N="b" PLACE="marg">Aliam adhuc addit cau&s;am Hol|lerius, calculum vnum, vel plures in ve&s;ica fell-a &s;aepe concretes De morb. intern. lib. <HI>1.</HI> cap. <HI>37.</HI></NOTE> &s;tone or &s;tones growne within this <HI>gall-bagge.</HI> And againe, the learned are not ignorant that it is &s;ometimes a criticall excretion: &s;afe&s;t after the &s;euenth
<PB N="115" REF="164"> day in acute di&s;ea&s;es, more dangerous, or at lea&s;t doubtfull be|fore the &s;ame. Our patients Iaundi&s;e appeared in an acute di&s;|ea&s;e, before the &s;eauenth day. That Phlebotomie in this<NOTE N="c" PLACE="marg">Multis ratio|nibu<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> &s;anguis in hac affectione v|tiliter mitti po|te&s;t, primo qui|dem malo incipi|ente retractionis gratia: ob id Paulus &s;tatuit con&s;ilium e&s;&s;e ve|nam in dextro cubito &s;ecare, vbi meatus ve&s;icae bilis vtrique &s;unt ob&s;tipati, vel al|ter duntaxat. Item &s;i &s;imul &s;anguis abundet, aut &s;it praecipua ob&s;tructionis oc|ca&s;io: quapropter dixit Aetius duo maxima e&s;&s;e in hoc affectu reme|dia, nimirum, venae &s;ectionem, &amp; purgationem, &amp;c. &amp; paulo po&s;t. Si ex morbo acuto ante &s;epti|mum prodeat &s;anguinem mit|tes, &amp;c. Idem Mercatus ibi|dem.</NOTE> ca&s;e is required, our Authors do witne&s;&s;e, and in many other &s;orts of the &s;ame: yea euen when the Iaundi&s;e is but a begin|ning, &s;aith a learned Spaniard, and that according to the opi|nion of <HI>Paulus Aegineta</HI> and <HI>Aetius,</HI> two famous ancient Greeke Phy&s;itians: e&s;pecially in the abundance of bloud, with a concour&s;e of choler, which was manife&s;t to the eye-&s;ight in this our patient. And this &s;ame Author approoues of it in this di&s;ea&s;e, euen after it hath continued a long time, and that by meanes of inueterate ob&s;tructions, as al&s;o in the &s;uppre&s;&s;ion of any wonted euacuation. This then was no contrarie indication to dehort or hinder you from &s;o methodicall a cour&s;e. And as for &s;ome faintne&s;&s;e, it is not vnu&s;uall in this di&s;ea&s;e, where there is neither Feauer nor danger of death. The vomit was a great deale wor&s;e then the opening of a veine. Fiue dayes after, when by rea&s;on of hote and &s;harpe humors towards his throate, pro|cured by your vn&s;ea&s;onable vomit, this remedie brought alle|uiation, with &s;ome re&s;t after en&s;uing. What then might it in probabilitie haue procured, if at the fir&s;t, and in due time ad|mini&s;tred? And why was there no mention of a purge or gli&s;ter for this Iaundi&s;e? It had bene but according to the<NOTE N="d" PLACE="marg">Verum &s;i &s;u&s;|pitio aliqua e&s;t excrementi in ventre &amp; primis venis Ca&s;&s;iae aut Catholici &ounce; <HI>j.</HI> ex &s;ero lactis imperabis. Et quia in hoc morbo aluus fere a&s;tricta e&s;t, vtili&s;&s;imus e&s;t cly&s;ter, cuius materia &s;it ex ijs quae &s;tercus durius emolliunt, &amp;c. Sic enim placui&s;&s;e veteribus Aphrodi&s;aeus &s;criptum reli|quit. Holler, loco nuper citato.</NOTE> rules of rea&s;on and precepts of art. And tho&s;e who artended him can te&s;tifie that one gli&s;ter by me pre&s;cribed, gaue him more ea&s;e then all your Phy&s;icke. But let vs come to your Progno&s;ticke: you hoped the wor&s;t was pa&s;t. Vpon what ground? Becau&s;e now the Iaundi&s;e came foorth. <HI>Cuius contrarium verum e&s;t.</HI> The ca&s;e is quite contrarie: you ought therefore to haue deemed &s;ome danger. Fie ma&s;ter Par&s;on, &s;uch a <HI>Rabbi</HI> as you thinke your &s;elfe, whom the vulgar adore like the<NOTE N="e" PLACE="marg">Acts 19.35.</NOTE> <HI>Image of Diana,</HI> which the fooli&s;h <HI>Ephe&s;ians</HI> thought came downe from <HI>Iupiter.</HI> Old<NOTE N="f" PLACE="marg"><HI>Aphor.</HI> 62. <HI>lib.</HI> 4.</NOTE> <HI>Hippocrates</HI> could haue told you, that &s;uch a Iaundi&s;e &s;eldome
<PB N="116" REF="165"> portended &s;ecuritie. And how&s;oeuer he and &s;ome others make mention of &s;ome who in &s;uch a ca&s;e haue recouered: yet do all our Authors hold the ca&s;e to be very dangerous.<NOTE N="g" PLACE="marg">Medicum ar|bitror operae prae|tium e&s;&s;e proui|dentiam con&s;e|ctari <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">prae&s;entiens enim atque prae|dicens apud ae|gros res prae&s;en|tes, praeteritas atque futuras, &amp; etiam quas ip&s;i aegri praetermit|tunt explicans, exi&s;timabitur facile percepi&s;&s;e notitiam &s;ingu|larem rerum ad aegros pertinen|tium: eoque fiet vt confidentius credant homines &s;eip&s;os Medico Medicinam au|tem optime fa|ciet Medicus, &s;i ante prae&s;en&s;erit quid euenturum &s;it cuique affe|ctui. Hippocr. Progno&s;t. lib. <HI>1.</HI> aph. <HI>1.</HI></NOTE> At my fir&s;t coming to our patient I found apparent danger, not onely by rea&s;on of this accident, but of diuer&s;e other dangerous and deadly &s;ignes, wherewith I at that in&s;tant acquainted his friends. And if you plea&s;e to reply, that your ab&s;ence could not &s;ee &s;o much as my pre&s;ence might di&s;couer, I do not denie it: yet was not this Iaundi&s;e concealed from you, nor that it &s;ucceeded or came after a blind Ague, as you call it, and that before the &s;eauenth day, as hath bene prooued. And the me&s;&s;en|ger was an vnder&s;tanding young man, able to relate &s;ome o|ther dangerous accidents, and be&s;ides he had no &s;mall intere&s;t in our patient. But what was wanting by information, might haue bene &s;upplyed by your owne pre&s;ence: the which how|beit earne&s;tly de&s;ired, yet could not be obtained, &s;aying, that your directions were &s;ufficient. And yet it was told me, that coming to his hou&s;e to &s;peake with &s;ome at the A&s;&s;i&s;es, you pro|mi&s;ed him great kindne&s;&s;e. Now is the time of triall: your friend in danger of his life, reque&s;teth and earne&s;tly intreateth your ayde and be&s;t a&s;&s;i&s;tance, with your per&s;onall pre&s;ence: he entru&s;ts you with his life, and yet will you not affoord him your pre&s;ence? <HI>Your golden promi&s;es produce &s;carce leaden effects.</HI><NOTE N="h" PLACE="marg">2. Sam. 16.17.</NOTE> <HI>Is this the kindne&s;&s;e to your friend?</HI> Why vndertooke ye the cure of him, whom you had no purpo&s;e to &s;ee if intreated? Be|&s;ides, the patient was of &s;ufficient abilitie to giue you &s;atisfa|ction. If there be hope of a good bootie, your pre&s;ence will not be wanting: witne&s;&s;e your voyage into Leice&s;ter&s;hire in Som|mer 1623. to a patient of yours, who howbeit he died before your coming, yet were your &s;ees more then doubled: and yet ma&s;ter Par&s;on mu&s;t not be called couetous. Now be&s;ides the Iaundi&s;e, the<NOTE N="*" PLACE="marg">Singultus in febre periculo&s;us ni&s;i &s;it criticus &amp; &s;igna coctionis manife&s;tae appa|reant. A vomitu quoque malum: cum enim vomi|tus qui remed<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">u~ e&s;&s;e debet &s;ingultum gignit, ab inflammatione cerebri vel &s;toma<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">hi metuendum. Holler. lib. <HI>1.</HI> de morb. intern. cap. <HI>33.</HI></NOTE> Hicket in acute di&s;ea&s;es, euen in the iudgement of the vulgar and mo&s;t ignorant, but e&s;pecially after &s;o vn&s;ea|&s;onable a vomit, mu&s;t needs pre&s;age &s;ome great euill to en&s;ue.
<PB N="117" REF="165"> And &s;uppre&s;&s;ion of vrine concurring with<NOTE N="i" PLACE="marg">S<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">gna &s;aeg<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">s mem<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">rand<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> &amp; ob&s;erua<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">da in aegrotantibus. Nam ex conti|nua in&s;pect<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">ne, exqui&s;itam eoru~ pote&s;tatis habe|mus notitiam. Semper mente reuoluere opor|tet, ac con&s;idera|re quaenam &s;igna &s;unt optima quae pe&s;&s;ima, &amp; quae in medio confin<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">o horum veluti gradus quo&s;dam habentia, non|nulla quidem op|timis, nonnulla vtro deterr<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">mis proximiora, &amp; quae quidem mi|nus, quae vero &s;unt magis proximiora vel remotiora, &amp; quaenam exqui|&s;ite media po|nenda &s;int inter bona &amp; mala &s;igna. Deinde con&s;iderandum quaenam &s;emper mala &s;unt, &amp; quae continuo bo|na, &amp;c. Gal. <HI>1.</HI> de cri&s;. cap <HI>13.</HI></NOTE> other dangerous &s;ignes, maketh the danger yet apparent. <HI>And yet the Par&s;on ho|peth the wor&s;t is pa&s;t</HI> But how came it to pa&s;&s;e, that all your twelue hou&s;es in the heauens forgot you at this time, and made you become a lying Prophet? Where were all your maligne a&s;pects?<NOTE N="k" PLACE="marg">Terent. in Andr.</NOTE> <HI>Luno Lucinafer opem.</HI> Will neither <HI>Mercurie</HI> nor the <HI>Moone,</HI> who are neare&s;t, come to your aide? And where was old fro&s;tie father gray-beard (<HI>Saturne</HI> I meane) and angrie <HI>Mars?</HI> I adhere to none of your iuggling <HI>Genethliacks,</HI> and yet be&s;ides the former &s;ignes, I could reade death in our patients eyes, yea and in &s;ome motions of his hands, &amp;c. better then the vrine and all the caele&s;tiall Orbes could tell you.<NOTE N="l" PLACE="marg">Sexcenta licet eiu&s;modi pro|ferre.</NOTE> But many other &s;uch pranks are played by your &s;elfe, and others that are partakers with you in the &s;ame offence, wherewith I would be loth to enlarge this Treati&s;e. But ma&s;ter Par&s;on, make more ac|count of mens liues, and di&s;charge more con&s;cionably that cal|ling from which you take the denomination, and yet bu&s;ie your &s;elfe too little about it. I haue neuer heard much com|mendation of your diligent preaching; not &s;o much as in &s;ea|&s;on, farre le&s;&s;e yet out of &s;ea&s;on: And as for your care in this other profe&s;&s;ion, this our Patients friends, and this whole Cor|poration haue no great cau&s;e to magnifie it. But it is not much to bee maruelled at, that he who &s;etteth &s;o light by the &s;oule, makes as &s;mall account of the body, but for his owne benefit. And how many of yours and others &s;uch beneficed mens<NOTE N="m" PLACE="marg">Quot Themi&s;on aegros a<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">tumno occiderat vno. Iuuen.</NOTE> er|rors are buried in the bo&s;ome of the earth; how&s;oeuer your adherents may cry out, <HI>Great is</HI> Diana <HI>of the Ephe&s;ians.</HI> Let the iudicious Reader iudge then, whether all Phy&s;icks &s;ufficiency be couered vnder a Clergy mans Ca&s;&s;ocke. But we hope the Reuerend Fathers of the Church will confine you within your owne Orbes; or at the lea&s;t enforce you to re&s;igne the one wholly, and betake your &s;elues to the other. A Prelate of prime note of late yeares (as I am informed) and yet liuing (and long may he liue) gaue one of the&s;e Pragmaticall Mini&s;ters his choice, to which of the two he would betake him&s;elfe: and he hauing found in his owne experience this to be true, <HI>Dat Gale|nus
<PB N="118" REF="166"> opes,</HI> being forced, for&s;ooke his Pa&s;torall charge, which affoorded him not aboue fiftie pounds yearely comming in. But now to the maine matter in hand againe.</P>
<P><NOTE PLACE="marg">Of inuoluntarie pi&s;&s;ing.</NOTE>The &s;econd branch of the manner of pi&s;&s;ing, is inuoluntary pi&s;&s;ing, which commeth to pa&s;&s;e either in &s;icknes or in health. And in &s;ickne&s;&s;e it commeth to pa&s;&s;e, by rea&s;on of the hurt, weakne&s;&s;e, or decay of the retentiue facultie of the pa&s;&s;ages of the vrine; as kidneyes, bladder, &amp;c. as commeth to pa&s;&s;e in the Pal&s;ie,<NOTE PLACE="marg">It is produced by diuer&s;e cau|&s;es.</NOTE> Apoplexy, and Falling &s;ickne&s;&s;e. And in the pi&s;&s;ing euill, called <HI>Diabete,</HI> this commeth likewi&s;e to pa&s;&s;e. And againe, when the Mu&s;cle Sphincter &s;hutting the necke of the bladder or &s;inewes helping thereto, are hurt, either by a fall, a wound, or &s;ome &s;uch other occa&s;ion: and &s;ometimes againe in rea&s;onable good health, they are weakned by meanes of &s;ome cold di&s;temper, or too much moi&s;ture; as commeth to pa&s;&s;e in children, and moi&s;t con&s;titutions. Drine&s;&s;e &s;ometimes is likewi&s;e &s;aid to produce the like effect in old age. And &s;ome perturbations of the mind, as great and &s;udden feare and a&s;to|ni&s;hment make men often void, not the vrine onely, but other excrements al&s;o again&s;t their will. And yet were our Pi&s;&s;e-Prophets neuer able by any &s;uch vrine onely to finde out the true cau&s;e of any &s;uch infirmitie.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Dangerous in acute di&s;ea&s;es.</NOTE> That this proueth al&s;o often a dangerous, if not deadly &s;igne in acute di&s;ea&s;es, I could by many in&s;tances both of my owne and other mens ob&s;eruations make it appeare, but that now I feare I haue too much abu&s;ed thy patience courteous Reader; and therefore I ha&s;ten to the conclu&s;ion, if thou wilt giue me leaue to talke a word or two by the way with Ma&s;ter Alchymi&s;t.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 N="10" TYPE="chapter">
<PB N="119" REF="166">
<HEAD><HI>CHAP. X.</HI> Of the fond and fooli&s;h opinion, concerning the di&s;tillation of &V;rines: of the water of &s;eparation, together with the vncertaintie of iudgement by &s;uch meanes.</HEAD>
<P>_THE Alchymi&s;ts well perceiuing this vecertain|tie affoorded vs by this &s;igne, haue &s;et their wits a worke another way. One of their great Ma|&s;ters,<NOTE N="a" PLACE="marg">Lib. de di&s;ti<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">|lat. vrinar.</NOTE> <HI>Thuenheu&s;erus</HI> by name, to the end that <HI>Paracel&s;us</HI> and his Di&s;ciples might be thought to &s;urpa&s;&s;e all other Phy&s;itians, deui&s;ed a new way to iudge of di&s;ea&s;es by Vrines: to wit, by diuiding it into three &s;euerall principles, <HI>Mercury, Sulphur,</HI> and <HI>Salt:</HI> and &s;o by di&s;tillation to finde out that which we demanded.<NOTE N="b" PLACE="marg">E&s;t aqua qua|dam que dicitur <HI>ALKALI</HI> &s;ecre|ta<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"> cuius v&s;us ad febres, ad foe|tum mortuum &amp; alia. Inter haec e&s;t etiam &s;eparatio &s;uccorum. Nam &s;i tantum vna gutta proij<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">iatur in vrinam agro|ti, &s;tatim fieri dicitur elemente|rum &s;eparatio, adeo vt praedomi|nans elementum aperte incon&s;pe|ctum prodeat, &amp; cau&s;am mortifi|cum manife&s;tet. Liban. in Alch. pharmac. cap. <HI>8.</HI> ex Penoto.</NOTE> <HI>Libanius</HI> mentioneth a certaine water of &s;eparation, which be&s;ides diuers other effects hath this al&s;o, that one onely drop of it being mingled with the Patients vrine, it maketh a pre&s;ent &s;eparation of the afore&s;aid Elements, in&s;omuch that the predominant Element &s;hall appa|rently lay it &s;elfe open to the &s;ight of the eye, and &s;hall withall declare and lay open the cau&s;e of the di&s;ea&s;e. <HI>Parturient mon|tes na&s;cetur ridiculus mus.</HI> Great cry and little wooll. Our <HI>Pa|racelci&s;ts</HI> would faine feed vs with many &s;uch &s;moaky promi|&s;es. Then come they to weigh the vrine, which they will ordi|narily in a healthfull and &s;ound man, not to exceed eight oun|ces and a halfe: If it exceed this weight, they thinke it argueth great abundance of a tartareous or terre&s;trious &s;ub&s;tance: e&s;|&s;pecially if this be to be &s;eene after the &s;eparation; from whence they do inferre a great number of &s;uch tartareous di&s;|ea&s;es, as they call them: and yet the wi&s;e&s;t of them cannot tell which. But let vs heare<NOTE N="c" PLACE="marg">Cap. de Spagi|ricorum noua pror&s;us vrinae prolat.</NOTE> <HI>Reu&s;ner</HI> &s;peake. After the &s;eparation of the afore&s;aid Elements (&s;aith he) the vapors a&s;cending &s;ticke to &s;ome part of the Still, an&s;wering in &s;ituation to that part of the body of man in the which lyeth hid the very foun|taine and &s;pring of the di&s;ea&s;e, and doth withall &s;o plainly and
<PB N="120" REF="167"> clearely repre&s;ent vnto vs, both the kind and the nature of the di&s;ea&s;e, that it may ea&s;ily appeare to what element and princi|pall part it is to be referred. So farre <HI>Reu&s;ner.</HI> But let vs now &s;ee whether there be any hold to be taken of the&s;e more then hy|perbolicall promi&s;es. If we &s;hall narrowly pry into this point, I doubt we &s;hall find the old Prouerbe true, <HI>Out of the frying pan into the fire.</HI> But heare the co~futation out of the mouth of a lear|ned Phy&s;itian, often quoted in this Di&s;cour&s;e. This doctrine of <HI>Thurnheu&s;ers</HI> (&s;aith<NOTE N="*" PLACE="marg">Guil. Adolph. Scribon. de in|&s;pect. vrin. &s;ub finem.</NOTE> he) cannot by any &s;ound argument be de|mon&s;trated. For admit that the vrine be &s;eparated into &s;eue|rall elements, according to the &s;euerall parts thereof, yet can nothing but the elementarie qualities (as they call them) heat, cold, &amp;c. be di&s;cerned by the &s;ame. And by this meanes &s;hall we onely be able to iudge of the di&s;ea&s;es of the &s;olid parts; as of ob&s;tructions, exulcerations, and the like. And is not the vrine an excrement of the bloud contained in the veines, that is of one body? What vtilitie or profit therefore can come by this &s;eparation into &s;euerall parts? Thou &s;halt thus onely ob|&s;erue the number of the parts which are in the &s;ub&s;tance of the bloud, and of what nature and kind it is. Thou maye&s;t per|haps perceiue it either to bee cau&s;ed of Mercurie, Sulphur, or Salt. But wilt thou &s;traight-waies maintaine, that all Mercu|riall di&s;ea&s;es are &s;eated in the head onely? &amp;c. If this bee true, then will it follow, contrary to that which thou and <HI>Paracel&s;us</HI> maintaine, that the&s;e three grounds or elements are not com|mon to all di&s;ea&s;es. For I am of opinion, that if we will needs v&s;e the names of the&s;e three; as well &s;uch di&s;ea&s;es as haue their originall from this Sulphureous and &s;alt matter, as any that proceed from a Mercuriall cau&s;e, haue their root and originall from the head,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Ab&s;urditie of this opinion.</NOTE> &amp;c. Thus farre our Author. And may not this opinion &s;eeme &s;o ab&s;urd in it &s;elfe, that it needeth no further confutation? For if when thou had&s;t v&s;ed all thy art and cun|ning, a countrey-man &s;hould aske thine opinion concerning his vrine, and thou &s;hould&s;t tell him hee were troubled with &s;ome &s;ulphureous, Mercuriall, or &s;alti&s;h and tartareous di&s;ea&s;e, would he not laugh thee to &s;corne, and thinke, it may be, thou had&s;t beene that day too well acquainted with &s;ome pots and
<PB N="121" REF="167"> pipes of Tobacco? And if hee &s;hould de&s;ire to know what were his particular di&s;ea&s;e, and where or what particular part of the body it had taken vp for its abode; would it &s;eeme &s;trange if he looked for &s;ome extraordinary skill after &s;o great an outward oftentation? And if he &s;hould go home and tell his wife of a Tartareous, Sulphureous, or Mercuriall di&s;ea&s;e, who knowes but &s;he might call him Good-man Wood cocke for telling her &s;uch a tale of <HI>Robin-hood?</HI> But put the ca&s;e thou mighte&s;t yet &s;ee &s;ome Sulphureous di&s;ea&s;e (as they terme it) by meanes of this &s;eparation and di&s;tillation; yet among&s;t ma|ny &s;uch Sulphureous di&s;ea&s;es, vpon which of them would&s;t thou fa&s;ten thy coniecture? As if a Feauer might be found out, how may the kind be knowne, whether a continuall or in|mittent; and whether &s;ymptomaticall or dependant vpon &s;ome other di&s;ea&s;e; or el&s;e be it &s;elfe a principall gue&s;t, with many moe circum&s;tances? The like may be &s;aid of the other two principles. So that it may euidently appeare, there is greater vncertaintie in this then the other way. But if they will be &s;o skilfoole, I wi&s;h they would di&s;till the other excre|ment al&s;o; for I am &s;ure they may learne of both alike. But yet wi&s;h I them to take this <HI>Proui&s;o</HI> with them, that the ioy|nings of their &s;tils and Alembicks be well luted with <HI>lutum mo&s;chatum,</HI> or <HI>ambarinum,</HI> that none of this fragrant &s;mell be carried away with the wind, and &s;o &s;ome part of this precious liquor lo&s;t. But it may be, when the patient had ca&s;t vp his ac|count, he would find this manner of ca&s;ting of waters, as they terme it, more co&s;tly then the ordinary. But for my part, I wi&s;h our vrine-mongers would v&s;e it: for by this meanes this great abu&s;e might the better be &s;uppre&s;&s;ed. But this opinion being &s;o ab&s;urd in it &s;elfe, needeth no further confutation. But fearing &s;ome infection, or at lea&s;t annoyance to my no&s;e by &s;uch Mer|curiall and Sulphureous &s;mels, I thinke it is more then time to withdraw my &s;elfe out of &s;o &s;tinking a place. The like libertie is allowed thee, kind Reader, to whom I am afraid I haue now bene too tedious; but yet I mu&s;t once againe intreat thy pati|ence to heare the conclu&s;ion, and then maye&s;t thou quietly de|part in peace.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 N="11" TYPE="chapter">
<PB N="122" REF="168">
<HEAD><HI>CHAP. XI.</HI> The Conclu&s;ion of this whole Di&s;cour&s;e, where &s;omething concerning i&s;&s;ue and euent, and ca&s;uall cures.</HEAD>
<P>_BY the premi&s;&s;es then, I hope, doth plainly ap|peare the ab&s;urditie of this erroneous and in|ueterate opinion of magnifying the vrine, and the iudgement concerning di&s;ea&s;es which may from hence be collected. And therefore I hope the iudicious and vnpartiall Reader will with me &s;ub&s;cribe to the generall conclu&s;ion; to wit, that there is no certaintie or a&s;&s;urance to be collected for the information of the iudgement, either concerning the di&s;|ea&s;e it &s;elfe, together with the particular &s;ymptomes and &s;e|uerall circum&s;tances; and yet farre le&s;&s;e for the cure of the &s;ame, by the bare in&s;pection of the vrine onely. And therefore I cannot &s;ee any iu&s;t cau&s;e why it &s;hould not bee pronounced guiltie of man-&s;laughter at the lea&s;t, if not of murther; and therefore is not a thing &s;o &s;lightly to be pa&s;&s;ed ouer, as many may idlely imagine.<NOTE PLACE="marg" TYPE="runSum">Obiection.</NOTE> But me thinkes I heare &s;ome of the vulgar &s;ort, who thinke it a prettie thing to heare one prate ouer an vrine, obiect, That our cen&s;ure &s;eemeth too &s;harpe, &s;ince that daily experience doth not deny, that &s;ome haue from the in|&s;pection of the vrine, often attained to the knowledge of that they de&s;ired.<NOTE PLACE="marg" TYPE="runSum">An&s;wer.</NOTE> Now as I denie not, but that &s;ometimes one may through hap (as we &s;ay) hit the naile on the head: &s;o on the o|ther part, that this manner of ca&s;uall coniecture hath euer bene allowed of by the learned and more iudicious, I do vtterly de|nie. If Chri&s;tians would hold their peace, yet will the heathen pleade on my &s;ide.<NOTE PLACE="marg">Careat &s;ucce&s;&s;i|bus opto qui&s;quis ab euentu facta notanda putat. Ouid. in epi&s;t.</NOTE> The Poet wi&s;hed them a bad &s;ucce&s;&s;e, who|&s;oeuer iudged of an action according to the i&s;&s;ue or euent. Be|&s;ides, that it is often a fallacie, a <HI>non cau&s;a pro cau&s;a,</HI> making the ignorant beleeue, they &s;ee that in or by an vrine, which neuer had allowance of any learned authoritie. And may not any ig|norant Empiricke, a cozening Quack&s;aluer, or any old woman, now and then gue&s;&s;e aright at an vrine, and by cunning inter|rogatories
<PB N="123" REF="168"> and &s;ome other &s;hifts, learne of the vnwarie me&s;&s;en|ger, as well the &s;ub&s;tance as the circum&s;tances of the di&s;ea&s;e, at lea&s;t as farre as they are able to relate? And this to be true, hath bene &s;ufficiently prooued alreadie. Be&s;ides, that oftentimes the me&s;&s;enger him&s;elfe cannot &s;ufficiently informe the Phy&s;itian concerning the particular circum&s;tances of the di&s;ea&s;e: and a|gaine, his owne ocular in&s;pection often bringeth that to the eyes of his vnder&s;tanding, which neither the me&s;&s;enger nor yet the patient him&s;elfe were euer able to relate, and farre le&s;&s;e the vrine make knowne. What ha&s;t thou then gained, when one of the&s;e vn&s;ufficient per&s;ons hath told thee &s;ome truth by the vrine? To wit, that then thy conceit carrieth thee (howbeit mo&s;t erroniou&s;ly and fal&s;ly) to apprehend &s;ome extraordinarie &s;ufficiencie in that per&s;on, as being be&s;t able to free thee from thine infirmitie. Thus then we &s;ee, <HI>&V;no dato ab&s;urdo multa &s;e|quuntur:</HI> One errour draweth on another. The pro&s;pe<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ous e|uent &s;ometimes &s;econding their bold attempts, inuolueth the vulgar daily in this dangerous errour.<NOTE PLACE="marg" TYPE="runSum">Arguments ta|ken from i&s;&s;ue or euent, not to be tru&s;ted to.</NOTE> But arguments taken from euent haue neuer had allowance, where the rules of rea|&s;on might take place. And if this argument from euent may take place, then will this ab&s;urditie thereon en&s;ue, that we &s;hall be forced to allow of many vnlawfull things. Many Witches and Wizards haue &s;ometimes performed &s;uch cures as haue often a&s;toni&s;hed &s;ome of great vnder&s;tanding: that I &s;ay no|thing of our Spelmongers, curing by characte<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">, figure-ca&s;ting, with a world of other forbidden tra&s;h. Are we therefore war|ranted by the&s;e actions to turne our backe vpon God, and make a couenant with his enemie? The diuell him&s;elfe no doubt, as well in the ancient Oracles as of later dayes, hath &s;ometimes told truth. I &s;hould be too tedious to in&s;tance in examples. But did not that counterfeit <HI>Samuel,</HI> to wit, the diuell him&s;elfe,<NOTE PLACE="marg">1. Sam. 28.18.</NOTE> tell <HI>Saul</HI> the whole truth, both concerning the euent of the battell and his owne wofull and wretched end? But who will not|with&s;tanding maintaine the lawfulne&s;&s;e of asking coun&s;ell at the diuels Oracles, but he who meaneth to haue his habitation with him in hell?<NOTE PLACE="marg">L H. Howard of blind Pro|phets.</NOTE> Far<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">e &s;ounder was the opinion of a Noble man of this kingdome, in the&s;e words. <HI>Examples which fall out
<PB N="124" REF="169"> by chance were neuer currant where the cau&s;e is to be iu&s;tifyed by rea&s;on. And therefore till a man can as readily produce a certaine ground to make his gue&s;&s;es good, as &s;core vp a regi&s;ter of blind euents, we may rather commend his lucke then his learning.</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Argumentis &amp; rationibus opor|tet quare quic|quam it a &s;it do|cere non ruentis. Cicer. de diuin. lib. <HI>2.</HI></NOTE> <HI>Rea&s;ons and arguments</HI> (&s;aith a Heathen) <HI>mu&s;t be produced for the confirma|tion of mens cour&s;es, and not examples of euents both ca&s;uall and vncertaine.</HI> So farre were the ancient Aegyptians from main|taining this opinion, and &s;o carefull of mens liues, reiecting this coniecturall, ca&s;uall, and Empiricall manner of curing di&s;|ea&s;es, and iudging of the &s;ufficiency of the Phy&s;itian by the euent or i&s;&s;ue of the di&s;ea&s;e;<NOTE PLACE="marg">Medici ex pub|lico victum &s;u|munt, aegros &s;e|cundum legem curant, ab anti|quis medicis comprobati&s;que &s;criptoribus tra|ditam. Si quis normam libri &s;equutus infir|mum &s;anare ne|quiuerit omni caret crimine. Si praeter ea quae libris continen|tur, curauerit illum, morte pu|nitur. Lang. epi&s;t medi|cin. l<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">b. <HI>1.</HI> epi&s;t <HI>80</HI> ex Diodoro Si|culo.</NOTE> <HI>That at their owne co&s;t and char|ges they maintained many &s;ufficient and skilfull Phy&s;itians: and moreouer, &s;et downe an inuiolable law and ordinance, That if any Phy&s;itian following the precepts and rules of art, recorded in the bookes of the learned in that profe&s;&s;ion, yet could not attaine to the height of his hopes; the Patient through the violence of the di&s;|ea&s;e yeelding to fatall nece&s;&s;itie, he was then freed from all danger of law. On the other part, if he recouered his Patient, yet neglecting the afore&s;aid rules and meanes, his puni&s;hment was no le&s;&s;e then the lo&s;&s;e of his life. What if</HI> (&s;aith mine Author) <HI>this whole&s;ome law were brought in amongst vs (as it were good rea&s;on it &s;hould) where could we find &s;o many executioners condignely to puni&s;h &s;uch Impo|&s;tors, Empiricks, Women-Phy&s;itians, bu&s;ie-bodies, &amp;c.</HI> Thus farre our Author. Now as concerning &s;uch remedies thus ca&s;ually and vnskilfully <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">dmini&s;tred, how&s;oeuer at &s;ometimes they may either doe, or at lea&s;t &s;eeme to doe &s;ome good, which I will not deny: yet I am &s;ure they do often more hurt then good; &amp; more hurt then on the &s;udden is perceiued, many often prai&s;ing them for the Authors of their health, who haue bene the in&s;truments of their vtter ouerthrow &amp; ruine: for howbeit the Patient reape &s;ome pre&s;ent ea&s;e, yet is his body by meanes of &s;uch medicines vnskilfully exhibited, left more infirme, and becommeth after|wards more cra&s;ie: their cure being imperfect, accidentall, vn|certaine, and voyd of rule and rea&s;on. And howbeit I could make this &s;mall Tractate &s;well vp into a big and voluminous booke, if I &s;hould in&s;tance in a many of the&s;e ca&s;uall cures, per|formed
<PB N="125" REF="169"> by Empiricks, and &s;uch others, which for feare of te|diou&s;ne&s;&s;e and prolixitie I am loth to go about: yet before I make an end, I will offer to the Readers view, two or three Sto|ries. During my abode at Paris, one Ma&s;ter <HI>Robin,</HI> ouer-&s;eer of the Garden of Simples, related vnto me this which follow|eth. <HI>A few yeares agoe (&s;aith he) the plague of Pe&s;tilence preuai|ling daily more and more in this famous Cittie of Paris,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Hi&s;torie.</NOTE> <HI>whereof no &s;mall numbers, e&s;pecially of the meaner &s;ort, died daily: the lear|ned Phy&s;itians did their be&s;t endeuours when their coun&s;ell was cra|ued, and the ignorant Empiricks al&s;o were not idle. Amongst the re&s;t was a certaine countrey Clowne carried on the wings of Fame, for his extraordinarie &s;uppo&s;ed skill in curing this di&s;ea&s;e, who was &s;aid to haue cured more then &s;ome of the mo&s;t expert Phy&s;itians. The Duche&s;&s;e of</HI> Longueuille <HI>being acquainted with the&s;e occurrents, &s;endeth for her Phy&s;itian, de&s;irous to know the cau&s;e of &s;o happie &s;uc|ce&s;&s;es by &s;o meane a per&s;on performed: which howbeit alwayes aymed at, yet are not alwayes attained vnto by men of greater merit. The Phy&s;itian well knowing the in&s;ufficiencie of this fellow, yet not fully ac|quainted with the particulars and withall knowing how much is com|monly attributed to the&s;e ca&s;uall euents, an&s;wered onely in generall at that in&s;tant, that many things &s;eeme often otherwi&s;e then they are indeed: and fal&s;e fame maketh &s;ome men famous, who&s;e names de|&s;erue rather to be buried in obliuion: and after &s;ome further di&s;|cour&s;e concerning that &s;ubiect (all which notwith&s;tanding, would not &s;atisfie her more then nice curio&s;itie) he taketh his leaue for the pre|&s;ent. A few dayes after, cau&s;ing carefully to watch and ob&s;erue the actions of this Ae&s;culapius, he was ob&s;erued to go to a certaine place within two little leagues of Paris, called</HI> Bois de Vincennes, <HI>that is,</HI> Vincence wood, <HI>and there to dig vp certaine rootes. The Phy&s;itian therewith acquainted, re&s;orteth thither with &s;peed, and finds that it was nothing el&s;e but a certaine kind of Spurge (whereof there grew in that place and about no &s;mall &s;tore) whereof this Clowne had at &s;euerall times digged vp great &s;tore, ea&s;ily di&s;cerned by the holes there round about that place, &s;ome being but new digged. After a narrow &s;earch, he found that mo&s;t of tho&s;e whom this new Ae&s;culapius was &s;aid to haue cured, either died after a certaine time of a bloudie Fluxe, this violent medicine hauing procured an excoriation in their
<PB N="126" REF="170"> guts, being especially exhibited without any preparation of the ill qualitie, or ob&s;eruation of the due do&s;e or quantitie: or el&s;e that they liued a langui&s;hing life, wor&s;e then a &s;peedie dispatch by a &s;udden death, from who&s;e mercile&s;&s;e clawes notwith&s;tanding this former Purgatorie was not able to free &s;ome of them. The Phy&s;itian repai|ring againe to the Duche&s;&s;e, acquainteth her Grace with the&s;e &s;eue|rall circum&s;tances: as al&s;o that it &s;eemed most of tho&s;e people were able, &s;trong, and cacochymicall bodies, who would preferre the coun|&s;ell of this Clowne, before that of the learned and indicious Phy&s;itian.</HI> The i&s;&s;ue notwith&s;tanding did make it appeare, that if any did recouer, it came not to pa&s;&s;e through his skill or &s;ufficiencie, which as &s;eemeth, was none at all, but by the &s;trength of nature, able to expell both the Plague and the poy&s;on of the medicine. The learned and iudicious Phy&s;itians againe met for the mo&s;t part with thin and tender bodies, brought vp in ea&s;e and idle|ne&s;&s;e, and for this cau&s;e apte&s;t to receiue the poy&s;oned impre&s;|&s;ions of the pe&s;tilentiall aire, and therefore the di&s;ea&s;e prouing greater then the meanes were able to ouercome, the patients were often forced to faint vnder the burthen. Neither were &s;uch dangerous, or rather de&s;perate meanes, as this Empiricke v&s;ed, in their opinions to be admini&s;tred to any, much le&s;&s;e to per&s;ons of qualitie and weake con&s;titution. The Noble woman hauing heard the Phy&s;itians apologie, was afterwards better plea&s;ed with her Phy&s;itian, and after that time conceiued a bet|ter opinion. both of the Art and the profe&s;&s;ors of the &s;ame. I was likewi&s;e informed during my abode at Leua in Germanie,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Dangerous me|dicines exhibi|ted by Paracel|&s;i&s;ts.</NOTE> of many rare cures &s;eemed to be performed by that medicine which they call the <HI>Philo&s;ophers &s;tone, Aurum potabile,</HI> and many other &s;uch hyperbolicall medicines, exhibited by the Paracel|&s;i&s;ts of tho&s;e parts. And yet mo&s;t of them to whom they were exhibited, before the full period of a twelue moneth, went to vi&s;ite their friends in another world: and little better &s;ucce&s;&s;e for the mo&s;t part had their mai&s;ter <HI>Paracel&s;us</HI> him&s;elfe.</P>
<P><NOTE PLACE="marg">Another.</NOTE><HI>Some few yeares before my coming to this towne of</HI> Northampton, <HI>a certaine Empiricke, and Iri&s;h by nation, was accounted one of the mo&s;t famous vrine-mongers in all the countrey about, but e&s;pecially in telling whether women were with child or no. And yet his skill in
<PB N="127" REF="170"> Phy&s;icke was confined to one forme of purge, compo&s;ed of a certaine portion of the Electuarie</HI> Diaphoe<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">ico~, <HI>mingled with &s;o much powder of</HI> Diagridium <HI>as he could take vp betweene his finger &amp; his thomb, which were his ordinary weights and &s;ca<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">es, as I was &s;ince by our A|pothecarie informed: by which his butcherlike boldne&s;&s;e he ca&s;t many into mo&s;t dangerous laskes, accompanyed &s;ometimes with diuer&s;e other euill accidents, as I haue heard &s;ince from &s;ome of them&s;elues: and this chiefly was then to be &s;eene, when this medicine was exhibi|ted to thinne and weake bodies.</HI></P>
<P>Now howbeit I could in&s;tance in a number of other exam|ples, all tending to the &s;ame purpo&s;e, yet fearing too much to offend the Readers patience, referring them to &s;ome other op|portunitie, I thinke it is now high time to turne my &s;ailes to|wards the &s;hore, and to ca&s;t anchor for the pre&s;ent. And the a&s;|&s;embling of &s;o many &s;age Senators, according to the ancient and laudable cu&s;tome of this kingdome, to apply fit &s;alues to the fe&s;tered &s;ores of the &s;ame, putteth me in good hope of &s;ome redre&s;&s;e, as well of the abu&s;es here complained of, as of diuers other di&s;orders. I am not indeed ignorant, that affaires of high con&s;equence, are to be handled in this honorable a&s;&s;emblie. And yet I hope the life of man is not a matter of &s;malle&s;t mo|ment. <HI>Agitur de corio humano.</HI> Skinne for skinne,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Iob 2.16.</NOTE> and all that a man hath will he giue for his life. Let this Gangrene there|fore in time be looked to, le&s;t it grow to a greater euill. Since therefore errors of this kind are &s;o full of danger, as hath bene both in the precedent, &amp; now in this pre&s;ent di&s;cour&s;e plainly prooued, both by a great and &s;maller enque&s;t, of &s;uch per&s;ons with who&s;e worth the delinquents I am &s;ure dare not compare, I wi&s;h it may not be forgotten. <HI>Sed verbum &s;at &s;apienti.</HI> A word, yea a nod, is enough to a wi&s;e man. And therefore I leaue it to your Honourable con&s;iderations. CONSIDER THE MATTER, CONSVLT, AND GIVE SENTENCE.</P>
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<PB REF="171">
<HEAD>Faults e&s;caped.</HEAD>
<P>Pag. 5. line 2. for would reade could. p. 13. l. 29. r. &s;tincking vrine. p. 16. marg. note l. 8. r. <HI>victu.</HI> p. 21. l. 12. r. deliration. p. 23. l. 17. r. pot-drop&s;ie. l. 29. r. retaining, and marg. note l. 2. r. <HI>For&s;.</HI> p. 33. l. 13. r. of a high. p. 33. marg note. l. 20. r. <HI>&agrave; vitio&s;a.</HI> p. 39. r. an ab&s;urditie. p. 55. l. 29. r. foure pounds. p. 70. l. 36. r. winie colour. p. 77. l. 5. di&s;ea&s;es alone.</P>
<PB REF="171">
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