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<ETS>
<TEMPHEAD>
<REVDESCR>
<CHANGE>
<DATE>2011-06-13</DATE>
<RESPSTMT>
<NAME>Judith Siefring</NAME>
<RESP>MURP</RESP>
</RESPSTMT>
<ITEM>Proofed and reviewed.</ITEM>
</CHANGE>
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<EEBO>
<IDG S="marc" R="OX" ID="B08000">
<STC T="S">20398.7</STC>
<BIBNO T="oclc">[ocm]68222590</BIBNO>
<VID>183784</VID>
</IDG>
<TEXT LANG="eng">
<FRONT>
<DIV1 TYPE="title page">
<PB REF="1">
<PB REF="1" MS="y">
<P>&para; The de&s;cripcion of the Sphere or the frame of the worl+de, ryght worthy to be red and &s;tudyed on, of all noble wyttes, &s;pecially of all tho&s;e that be de&s;yrous to attayne any perfecte knowledge in Co&s;mography, or true de&s;cripcion of Reagions, Tow|nes, or Countrees, &s;et forth by Proclus Diadochus, and Engly&s;&s;hed by wyllyam Saly&s;bury.</P>
<P><FIGURE>
<FIGDESC>a king and queen</FIGDESC>
<P>Ptholomeus.</P>
</FIGURE></P>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 TYPE="dedication">
<PB REF="2">
<HEAD>&para; To his verye louynge Co&s;yn, Iohn~ Edwardes of Chryke E&s;quyer, Wyllyam Sa|ly&s;bury, wi&s;&s;heth longe lyfe in contynuall health.</HEAD>
<P>_WHere as of la+te dayes ye haue wryten vnto me to prouyde you &s;ome booke, trac+tyng in Engly&s;&s;he of the de&s;crip+tion of the Sphere of the world Nowe at the la&s;te I come in, w^t myne an&s;were, whiche euen as it &s;hal not altogyther lyke you, So I tru&s;t (yf ye haue a re&s;pect to my beneuolence) It &s;hall not vtterly my&s;lyke you. I walked my &s;elf rounde aboute all Pou+les churche yarde, from &s;hop to &s;hop enqueryng of &s;uche a treac+ty&s;e
<PB REF="2" MS="y">neyther coulde I here of a|ny y^t eyther wrote of this mati|er propo&s;ely, nor yet occa&s;ionaly. But what trowe you dyd I than by my fayth &s;yr, I returned bac+ke euen the &s;ame way (but won+drynge moche at the happe) and a&s;ked agayne for the &s;ame wor|kes in latyn, wherof there were .iij. or foure of &s;ondry Aucthors brought, and &s;hewed vnto me, a+monge all which (for the breuy|te and playnes) I cho&s;e Proclus his doynge. And this a Goddes name entended I than (for thac comply&s;hement of your wyll) to traducte into the Engly&s;he ton|ge.<NOTE PLACE="marg">That was M. Thomas lynacte.</NOTE> But wolde God that he whi+che tran&s;lated it into the Latyn had taken &s;o moche payne, for his countrey &s;ake as to engli&s;he the &s;ame al&s;o. Engly&s;he was his natyue tonge. Greke and Latyn
<PB REF="3">as well knowen where as Eng|ly&s;he to me of late yeares, was wholy to learne, the Latyn not ta+&s;ted of, the Greke not once harde of, whom although euen at this pre&s;ent I might rather and true lye with le&s;&s;e reproche denye to haue any knowledge in at all, than to profe&s;&s;e the perfect phra+&s;e of any of them three. Why than &s;hall I attempte for any mans plea&s;ure to go aboute to tran&s;late a Science vnknowen, out of a tonge vnknowen, into a tong no better knowen vnto me. Surely I am very loth to do it. But yet becau&s;e perhaps ye be &s;o per&s;waded that I can do &s;om what therin and paraduenture wold take it for vnkyndnes that I wolde not take in hande, to proue the feyct to the vttermo&s;t of my power? I wyll therfore
<PB REF="3" MS="y">wre&s;t it rather than truely tur|ne it, and that for lacke of far|ther connynge I can do none o|ther, that you may be a&s;&s;ured, y^t yf oughte be well done in this matier, it floweth out rather of the vehement loue and feruente affection that youre manyfolde demerytes hath mo&s;t depely en|graffed in my hart, than of any lernynge that I alredy was en|dued withal. Moreouer I know well that you &s;tamer &s;omwhat both in the Latyn tonge and in this &s;cience al&s;o, and &s;o do I in &s;ettyng forth of the &s;ame, wher fore you &s;hall better vnder&s;tand me than a perfecter doer therin. And where you ar els excedyng+ly well &s;ene in all Geometrycall Deuy&s;es, where you excell in all humaynefabricature and where you farre pa&s;&s;e all other men in
<PB REF="4">vnyuer&s;all knowledge, fyne and &s;ubtyle practice in all the Ma|thematicall &s;ciences, yet beyng almo&s;te Ygnoraunt (for the &s;el|domnes of the &s;cience) in the &s;pe+culacion of the wonderful, good+ly and dyuine fabricature of the world do &s;o ferue~tly de&s;yre &s;ome knowledge therin, I can no le&s;&s;e but further you therto to the vt+termo&s;te of that &s;mall &s;matter that I haue. Prome&s;&s;ynge far|ther that yf I perceyue you to profecte~ any whytte therby I wyll (GOD wyllynge the &s;ame) be more earne&s;tly dylygent herafter in peru&s;yng my &s;ayd attemptes.</P>
<P>Thus fare ye well. </P>
<CLOSER><DATELINE>At Thames Inne, in Houlborne.
<DATE>Anno du~i. 1550.</DATE></DATELINE></CLOSER>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 TYPE="to the reader">
<PB REF="4" MS="y">
<HEAD>&para; To the gentyll reader.</HEAD>
<P><FIGURE>
<FIGDESC>a man wearing a hat and sword, surrounded by stars</FIGDESC>
</FIGURE></P>
<P>_IN this of all o|ther &s;ciences (ge~tle reader) I dare be&s;t entermedle as wel in wrytynge as o|therwy&s;e not that I of all men can be&s;t &s;kyll on it, or that I can comprehende the cele&s;tyall rea|&s;ons, the &s;ubtyle ymaginacions
<PB REF="5">and the dyuyne my&s;teries of the Arte. But becau&s;e I knowe wel all the profe&s;&s;ours of it, to be &s;o fre and &s;o gentyll harted, and of &s;uche excellent humanytee and naturall Iudgement, that they wyll rather gladlye accepte and take in good worthe, my good wyll and all others which offer them &s;elues into the nombre of theyr retinue, than reiect, de&s;pu+te, and &s;et at nought, where as the lewde maners of &s;ome that profe&s;&s;e other Scyences, is to gnarre, &s;nuffe, and &s;natche, at whom &s;oeuer &s;hall vtter ought of his minde (&s;pecially yf it &s;war+ue but a heare bredth be&s;yde the lyne of theyr phanta&s;y) in theyr faculties, euen as thoughe they were neuer ygnoraunt them &s;el+ues therin, eyther by the repre|hen&s;ion of other, they myght at+tayne
<PB REF="5" MS="y">greater glory and e&s;tyma+cion, eyther els that they clay|me to them &s;elues a pryuate pro+pertie in the Scyences onelye, but whiche &s;o it be, it is &s;mall commendacion worthy. Yet be|cau&s;e I am in a maner thorow|lye per&s;waded that the doers in this heauenlye knowledge wyll rather gently, and brotherly cor+recte a faulte, where faulte is, than malyciou&s;ly e&s;pye out two for one. I wyll be &s;o vn &s;hame|fa&s;tly bolde as to &s;ette be|fore them this me&s;&s;e of the&s;e myne vnrype fyr&s;te fruytes, tru&s;tyng moch more to theyr gentyl|nes than in the worthy|nes of the prepara|cyon of the banket.</P>
</DIV1>
</FRONT>
<BODY>
<DIV1 TYPE="part">
<PB REF="6">
<HEAD>&para; Of the Axtree, and the Poles.</HEAD>
<P>_THe<NOTE N="*" PLACE="marg">Thoro we met.</NOTE> Diameter of the worlde is cal+led his Axtree,<NOTE PLACE="marg">diameter is a &s;yne that de|nideth a|ny fygu|rt into. ij equall partes.</NOTE> wher aboute he moueth, and the endes of the Axtree are al&s;o called the Poles of the worlde. Of whom one is called the north Pole, &amp; the other the South Pole. The Northern is he that is alwayes &s;ene in our habytacion. And the Southern is that, whiche is neuer &s;ene a|boue our Horizon. And there be certayne places on earth where as the Pole that is euer in our &s;yght, can not be &s;ene with them that dwell there. And the other Pole, whiche is euer out of our &s;yght, is in &s;yght to them. Agay+ne
<PB REF="6" MS="y">there is a place on earth whe+re both the Poles haue euen ly|ke &s;ytuacion in the Horizon.</P>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 TYPE="part">
<HEAD>&para; Of the Circles of the Sphere.</HEAD>
<P>_SOme of the cir|cles of the Sphere, beparallels, &s;ome be oblyque, &s;ome other go cro&s;&s;e ouer the Poles. The<NOTE N="&dagger;" PLACE="marg">Equal dy&s;taun|ce.</NOTE> parallels are they, that haue the &s;ame Poles as the world hath. And there be .v. parallel circles. The Artik, the E&s;tiuall tropik, the Equinoctiall, the Brumal tropik, the Antarctik. The Arc+tik circle is euen the greate&s;t of all tho&s;e Circles that we haue contynually in &s;yght, &amp; he &s;carce lye toucheth the Horizon in one poynete, and is altogether pre|uented
<PB REF="7">aboue the earth. And all the &s;tarres that are included in this circle, neyther ry&s;e nor &s;et, but a man &s;hall e&s;pye them all the nyght longe kepe theyr cour+&s;e rounde aboute the Pole. And that Circle in our habitacion is drawen of the further fote of<NOTE N="&Dagger;" PLACE="marg">The great be+te, other|wy&s;e cal+led Char+les way+ne.</NOTE> Vr&s;a maior. The<NOTE N="&cross;" PLACE="marg">Som|mer.</NOTE> E&s;tiuall cir+cle is mo&s;t Northward of al the circles that be made of the &s;on|ne. Whom whan the Sonne re+moueth into, he returneth backe from his &s;o~mers circuite, than is the longe&s;t day of all the yere and the &s;horte&s;t night, and after this &s;o~mer returne, the Sonne &s;hall not be perceyued to progre&s;+&s;e any ferther toward the north, but rather to recoyle into the con+trary partes of the world, wher+fore in Greke this Circle is cal|led<NOTE N="&dagger;" PLACE="marg">The returne.</NOTE> Ionixos. The Equinocti|all
<PB REF="7" MS="y">circle is the mo&s;t greate&s;t of all the .v. parallel circles, and is &s;o parted of the Horizon, that the one halfe circle is aboue the earth, the other halfe circle lyeth hyd vnder the Horizon. The &s;on+ne beynge in this circle cau&s;eth .ij. Equinoctials, one in the &s;pryn+ge tyme, and the other in Har|ue&s;t. The<NOTE N="*" PLACE="marg">Wyn|ter.</NOTE> Brumal tropik, is a circle mo&s;t South of all the cir|cles, that by the mouynge of the worlde be de&s;cribed of the &s;onne, whiche whan the &s;onne is once entred into, he turneth backe fro~ his wynters progre&s;&s;e, than is the longe&s;t nyght, and the &s;hor|te&s;t day in all the yere longe. And beyonde this wynter marcke, the &s;onne progre&s;&s;eth neuer a whyt farther, but goeth into the other coo&s;tes of the worlde, wherfore this circle is al&s;o named Tho|nixos,
<PB REF="8">as who &s;aye returnable. The<NOTE N="&dagger;" PLACE="marg">Right contrary to the Arctik,</NOTE> Antarctik circle, is equal in quantytie and di&s;taunce with the Arctik circle, and toucheth the Horizon in one poyncte, and his cour&s;e is all together vnder neth the earth, and the Starres that be placed in this ar alway+es inui&s;ible vnto vs. The grea|te&s;t of all the &s;ayd circles is the Equinoctial, and than the Tro+pikes. And the le&s;te (I meane in our habitacion) ar the Arctikes and the&s;e circles mu&s;t be vnder|&s;tande without bredth, and be rea&s;oned of accordyng to the &s;i|tuacio~ of the &s;tarres, and by the beholding of the<NOTE N="&dagger;" PLACE="marg">An in|&s;trument of geome+tre.</NOTE> Dioptra. And but &s;uppo&s;ed onely in our ima|gination. For there is no Circle &s;ene in al the heauen but onely<NOTE N="&Dagger;" PLACE="marg">Co~men+ly called the waye to Ieru|&s;alem, or the waye to &s;aynte Iames.</NOTE> Galaxias. As for al the re&s;t they be conceyued by imaginacion.</P>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 TYPE="part">
<PB REF="8" MS="y">
<HEAD>&para; The rea&s;on why fyue pa|rallel circles are onely in the Sphere.</HEAD>
<P>_FYue<NOTE N="&dagger;" PLACE="marg">Euen lyke fat.</NOTE> parallel Circles alone, are wont to be de&s;cry+bed in the Sphere not bycau&s;e there be no mo pa|rallels than the&s;e in al the worl+de. For the Sonne maketh euery day one parallel circle equaly dy+&s;taunt to the Equinoctiall (whi|che may well be perceyued) with the turnynge of the worlde: In &s;o moch that .clxxxij. parallel cir+cles twy&s;e be de&s;crybed of the &s;onne betwene the tropikes, for &s;o many dayes are within the two returnes, and all the &s;tar|res are daylye caryed withall, rounde aboute in the parallalel circles, Howe be it euer ye one of
<PB REF="9">them can not be &s;et oute in the Sphere. And though they be pro+fectable for dyuers thynges in<NOTE N="*" PLACE="marg">It is almo&s;te as moch to &s;ay as A&s;trono|mie.</NOTE> A&s;trologia, yet is it impo&s;&s;yble y^t euen the &s;tarres may be de&s;cry|bed in the Sphere, without all the parallel circles, or that the<NOTE N="*" PLACE="marg">length</NOTE> Magnytude of dayes and nygh+tes may be preci&s;ely founde out, without the &s;ame parallels: but in as moche as they be not de|med to be &s;o nece&s;&s;ary for the fyr+&s;te Introduction of A&s;trologie, they are left out of the Sphere. But the fyue parallel circles for certayne &s;pecial in&s;truction that they exhybyte, for the fyr&s;te in &s;yght of A&s;trologie be de&s;cribed in the Sphere. The Arctik cir|cle &s;euereth the Starres whiche we euer &s;e: the E&s;tiual tropik con+tayneth the goyng backe of the <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="OXF" EXTENT="1 word"> Sonne, and it is the fur|thermo&s;te
<PB REF="9" MS="y">parte of his progre&s;&s;e into the North. And the equinoc+tial Circle contayneth the Equi+noctials. And the Brumall tro|pik is the farther mo&s;t poynct of the way of the &s;onne toward the South, and is euen the marcke of the wynter returne. The An|tarctik Circle determyneth the Starres whom we can not &s;e. And &s;o &s;eynge that they be very expedient for the introduction in to A&s;trologie they be ryght wor+thy to take rome in the Sphere.</P>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 TYPE="part">
<HEAD>&para; Of the apparaunce, &amp; none apparaunce of the fyue parallel circles.</HEAD>
<P>AL&s;o of the &s;ayde fyue parallel circles, the Arctik circle appereth altogither aboue the earth. And the e&s;tiual tropik
<PB REF="10">circle is deuyded into .ij. partes of the Horizon: wherof the grea+ter parte is aboue the earth and the le&s;&s;er lygheth vnderneth it. Neyther is this Tropik Circle equaly deuyded of the Horizon / in euery Towne and Countrey, but accordynge to the veriete of the Regions it hath diuer&s;ities of vpry&s;ynges: and this E&s;tiual circle is more vnegually deuided in the Horizon to the~ that dwell nerer the North than we do, and farther there is a place, where the E&s;tiual tropik is wholy abo+ue the erth. And vnto them that drawe nerer to the South than we, the E&s;tiual Tropik is more vneuenly parted in the Horizon. Farthermore, there is a coo&s;te (but &s;outh from vs) wherin the tropik Circle is equaly deuyded of the Horizon. But in our habi|tacion
<PB REF="10" MS="y">the E&s;tiuall tropik is &s;o deuided of the Horizon, that the whole circle beyng deuyded into viij. partes .v. partes &s;hall be a|boue the earth, and .iij. vnder the erth. And in dede, it &s;emeth that Aratus ment by this<NOTE N="&Dagger;" PLACE="marg">A por|cion of the worl+de betwe+ne north &amp; South wherein is vary|acion of tymes. &amp;c.</NOTE> Climat whan he wrote his Booke of Phaenomenon. Where as he &s;pea+kynge of this E&s;tiual tropik cir+cle &s;aytth on this wy&s;e.</P>
<Q><L>&para; Whan this Circle deuyded is, in to eyght partes euen iu&s;t,</L>
<L>Fyue partes aboue the erth and .iii. vnderneth remayne nedes mu&s;t,</L>
<L>The re&s;tes Sonne in &s;ommer hot, from this returneth backe.</L></Q>
<P>&para; And &s;o of this diui&s;ion it folo+weth, y^e day to be of .xv. equinoc+tial houres, &amp; the nyght of .ix. e|quinoctiall houres long. And in the Horizon of Rodes, y^e E&s;tiual tropik is &s;o deuided of the horizo~
<PB REF="11">that the whole circle beyng deui|ded into .xviii. partes, there &s;hal appere .xxix. deui&s;yo~s aboue the horizon, &amp; .xix. vnder the erth, by which deui&s;ion it appereth that the longe&s;t day in y^e Rodes hath but .xiiij. equinoctiall houres in it, and the night .ix. Equinoctial houres, with .ij. half houres mo+re be&s;yde. The Equinoctiall cir|cle in euery habytacion is &s;o iu&s;t+ly deuyded in the myddes by the Horizon, that the one halfcircle, of it is aboue the earth, and the other halfcircle is vndeneth the erth. And this is the cau&s;e that the<NOTE N="&dagger;" PLACE="marg">Equal Length of daye &amp; ryght.</NOTE> Equinoctials happen al|wayes in this circle. The Bru|mal tropik circle is &s;o deuidd of the Horizon that the le&s;&s;er parte &s;hall be aboue the erth, and the greter parte vnder the erth, and the vnequalte of deui&s;ions hath
<PB REF="11" MS="y">euen lyke diuer&s;ite in all climats as it is &s;uppo&s;ed to be in the E&s;tiual tropik circle, and by this meane the deui&s;ions of both the tropicall circles be precy&s;ely cor|re&s;pondent eche to other. By rea|&s;on wheof the longe&s;t day is of one length w^t the longe&s;t nyght, and the &s;horte&s;t day equal with the &s;horte&s;t nyght. The Antarc|tik Cyrcle euery whyt, lyeth hyd vnder the Horizon.</P>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 TYPE="part">
<HEAD>&para; Of the bygnes of the .v. parallel Circles.</HEAD>
<P>_BUt of the &s;ayd v. parallel circles, &s;ome kepe &s;tyll the &s;ame bygnes tho|rowout al y^e world and of &s;ome the bygnes is alte|red by rea&s;on of the<NOTE N="*" PLACE="marg">Haby|racions.</NOTE> Climats,
<PB REF="12">&s;o that &s;ome Cyrcles be bygger than other, and &s;ome le&s;&s;er than other. The tropik circles and the Equinoctiall do no where alter theyr quantities, but the Arcti|kes varie in bygnes, for &s;omwhe+re they appere bygger, and &s;om where le&s;&s;e. For vnto the North+ward dwellers the arctik circles &s;eme bygger: the Pole beynge ray&s;ed on hygh, the arctik circle touchyng the Horizon mu&s;t nede al&s;o appere bygger and bygger, continually, and vnto them that dwell farther North &s;omtyme, the E&s;tiual tropik &s;hall wax the Arctik circle, &s;o that the E&s;tiual Circle and the Arctik al&s;o, mete together and be taken but in &s;te+de of one. And in places that be yet farther. North, the arctik cir+cles &s;hall appere greater than the E&s;tiual tropik circle. Than
<PB REF="12" MS="y">at the la&s;t, there is a place &s;o far North, where that the Pole ap|pereth ouer head, and the arctik circle &s;erueth for the Horizon, &amp; remayneth with it in the meuyn|ge of the world, and is as wyde as the equinoctiall: in &s;o moche that the .iij. circles (to &s;ay) y^e arc+tik, the equinoctial, and the Ho|rizon be placed in one ordre and &s;ytuacion. Agayne to them that dwel more South, the Poles ap|pere more lower, and the Arctik circles le&s;&s;er, yet agayne there is a place beyng South in re&s;pect of vs which lyeth vnder the equi|noctial where the Poles be vn|der the Horizon, and the Arctik Circles be altogether gone: &s;o that of the fyue parallel Circles there remayne but thre circles, (that is) the two Tropiks, and the Equenoctiall.</P>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 TYPE="part">
<PB REF="13">
<HEAD>&para; Of the nombre of the parallels.</HEAD>
<P>_NEyther for &s;uche &s;ayenges, is it to be thoughte that there continue .v. parallels alwayes but &s;o many to be ima+gyned for our habytacion &s;ake, for in &s;ome Horizons, there be but .iij. parallels only, and there be habytacions on erth, where the e&s;tiual tropik circle toucheth the horizon: and euen for the tro+pik Circle is the &s;econde taken, whiche is called the habitacion vnder the Pole. The thyrde ha|bitacion is of whom we &s;pake a lytell before, which is named the habitacion vnder y^e equinoctial.</P>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 TYPE="part">
<HEAD>&para; Of the ordre of the .v. parallel Circles.</HEAD>
<PB REF="13" MS="y">
<P>_Wherfore, ney|ther the ordre of the fyue parallel Circles, is euery where the &s;ame, but in our habi|tacion the fyr&s;t &s;halbe called the Arctike, the &s;econde the E&s;tiuall tropik, the thyrde the Equinocti+all, the fourth the Brumall, the v. the Antarctik. But they that dwell more North than we, &s;om tyme the fyr&s;te is accompted as the E&s;tiuall tropik, the &s;econde as the Arctik: the thyrde as the Equinoctial: the .iiij. as the An|tarctik: the .v. as the brumal tro+pik, &amp; bycau&s;e the arctik circle is wyder tha~ the equinoctiall y^e &s;ay+de ordre mu&s;t nede be ob&s;erued.</P>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 TYPE="part">
<HEAD>&para; Of the power of the fyue Parallels.</HEAD>
<PB REF="14">
<P>_LYkewy&s;e, Ney|ther are the powers of the &s;ame .v. paral+lel circles alyke. For the circle that is or e&s;tiual tro|pik is to<NOTE N="&Dagger;" PLACE="marg">Tois antipo|&s;in.</NOTE> them that dwell in a contrary habytacion, the Bru|mal tropik. Contrary wy&s;e that which vnto them is the E&s;tiual tropik circle is the Brumall tro|pik vnto vs. But &s;uche as dwell vnder y^e equinoctial, euen the .iij. circles be in power e&s;tiual tropi+kes vnto them, I meane tho&s;e that dwell iu&s;t vnder the cour&s;e of the Sonne, for in conferrynge one to another, that whiche is the Equinoctial with vs &s;halbe theyr E&s;tiual tropik Circle. And both the Tropikes &s;halbe Bru|mals. So than the E&s;tiual tro|pik circle may be &s;ayd by nature bnyuer&s;ally all the worlde ouer,
<PB REF="14" MS="y">whiche is next to y^t habitacion: therfore vnto the~ that dwell vn|derthe equinoctial the equinocti+al it &s;elfe &s;erueth for y^e e&s;tiual tro+pik, as wherin y^e &s;onne hath his cour&s;e directly ouer theyr hed, &amp; all the parallel circles &s;hall take the rome of the Equinoctials, beynge deuyded by equall deuy|&s;yons in the Horizon.</P>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 TYPE="part">
<HEAD>&para; Of the &s;pace betwene the Parallels.</HEAD>
<P>_NEyther the &s;pa|ces of the circles one from the other do re|mayne the &s;ame tho+rowout all habytacions: but af+ter the de&s;cription of the Sphe|res, they are dy&s;cu&s;&s;ed on this &s;orte. Let any Meridian be deui|ded in .lx. partes, the Aretik &s;hal
<PB REF="15">be de&s;cribed from the Pole .lxvi. partes of. And the &s;ame on the other &s;yde, &s;halbe .lxv. parte dy|&s;taunt from the E&s;tiual, and the Equinoctial &s;halbe from eyther of the Poles .lxiiij. deui&s;ions of. The Brumal tropik circle &s;tan|deth from the antarctik .lxv. par+tes of. Neyther haue the&s;e Cir|cles the &s;ame di&s;taunce betwne them in euery towne and Coun|trey. But the tropiks in euery de+clynacion &s;hall haue euen lyke &s;pace from the Equinoctial. Yet haue not the tropiks equall &s;pa+ce from the Arctiks at euery Ho+rizon, but in &s;ome place le&s;&s;e, and in &s;ome place more dy&s;taunce. Lykewy&s;e the Arctiks haue not in euery declinacion one certay|ne &s;pace fro~ the Poles, but &s;om|where le&s;&s;e, and &s;omwhere more. All the Spheres, be made for
<PB REF="15" MS="y">the Horizon of Grece.</P>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 TYPE="part">
<HEAD>&para; Of the Colurs.</HEAD>
<P>THere are Circles that go cro&s;&s;e ouerthwart y^e Po|les which of &s;ome me~ be called Colurs. And they be &s;o framed that they conteyne within theyr circuite the Poles of the world. And be called<NOTE N="&dagger;" PLACE="marg">vnper perfect.</NOTE> Colurs, by rea|&s;on of tho&s;e porcyons of them that be not &s;ene. As for other cir+cles they be &s;ene whole, the worl+de mouyng rounde aboute. And there are certayne partes of the Colurs inui&s;ible, euen tho&s;e par+tes that from the Antarctik lye hyd vnder the horizon. And the&s;e circles be &s;ygned by the tropical poyntes and they deuyded into .ij. equall partes, the circle that pa&s;&s;eth thorowe the myddes of the zodiak.</P>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 TYPE="part">
<PB REF="16">
<HEAD>&para; Of the zodiak.</HEAD>
<P>_THe Circle of the xij. &s;ygnes is<NOTE N="&Dagger;" PLACE="marg">Slont wy&s;e.</NOTE> obly+que and is compoun|ded of .iij. paralel cir+cles: of whom .ij. are &s;ayd to &s;ho+we the bredth of the zodiak, and one is called pa&s;&s;ynge thorowe the myd &s;ygnes: thus toucheth he the .ij. equall circles and pa|rallels, the E&s;tiual tropik in the fyr&s;te degre of Cancer, and the Brumal tropik in the fyr&s;t degre of Capricorn. The bredth of the zodiake is .xij. degrees. This cir+cle is called oblyque bycau&s;e he cro&s;&s;eth ouer y^e parallels awrye.</P>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 TYPE="part">
<HEAD>&para; Of the Horizon.</HEAD>
<P>THe<NOTE N="&dagger;" PLACE="marg">The under.</NOTE> Horizon is a Cir+cle that &s;ondreth vs, the parte of the world &s;ene, from the
<PB REF="16" MS="y">parte that can not be &s;ene, &s;o he deuideth the whole Sphere of y^e world into .ii. partes, euen that he leueth the one halfe &s;phere a|boue the erth, and thother half &s;phere vnderneth the erth. And there be .ii. Horizons, one &s;en&s;y|ble, the other ymagyned by vn|der&s;tandynge. The &s;en&s;yble Ho|rizon is that, whiche of oure &s;yght is lymyted at the vtmo&s;te of our<NOTE N="&Dagger;" PLACE="marg">Looke</NOTE> kennynge. So that his Diameter is not pa&s;&s;ing. M. fur+longes, euen thorowout. The ho|rizon that is ymagyned by vn|der&s;tandyng, is for the &s;pecula|cion of the Sphere of the fyxed &s;tares, and he deuideth the who|le world into .ii. partes. Wherfo|re there is not y^e &s;ame Horizon, thorowout euery habytacion &amp; towne, but to a mans<NOTE N="&Dagger;" PLACE="marg">Syght</NOTE> wyttyn+ge he remayneth the &s;ame for
<PB REF="17">the &s;pace of .iiii. C. furlonges al+mo&s;t. So that the length of the dayes, the Clymat, and al the ap+paraunces remayne the &s;ame &s;tyll. But with the mo nomber of furlonges for the diuer&s;ite of the habytacion, the Horizon, the Climate, yea and all the appa|raunces &s;hall varie. So than the chaunge of habitacion mu&s;t nedes happen in goynge South+warde or Northward, beyonde .iiii. C. furlonges. And they that dwell in one parallel for euery ex+cedynge great nombre haue a newe Horizon, but they kepe the &s;ame Climat and all the appa|raunces lykewy&s;e. the begynnin+ges &amp; endynges of dayes chaun+ce not at the &s;elfe &s;ame tyme to all that dwel in the &s;ame paral+lel. But after very exacte curio|&s;ite the le&s;t mouyng in the world
<PB REF="17" MS="y">hyther or thyther, euen for euery poynct the Horizon is chaunged the Clymat and the apparaun|ces do varie. The Horizon in the Spheres is not after that ma|ner de&s;crybed, for all the other circles are caried together from Ea&s;t to We&s;t, with the mouyng of the world, and the Horizon is immounable by his owne nature as longe as he kepeth the &s;ame &s;ituacion. And &s;o yf the Horizon were &s;et out in Spheres whan they &s;hulde be turned aboute, he myght &s;o happen to moue, and &s;omtyme to be ouerhead, and that were a thynge mo&s;te incon|uenyent and farthe&s;t out of rea+&s;on in Sphere matier. yet for al hat, there may be a place a&s;|&s;ygned for the horizon in the frame of the Sphere.</P>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 TYPE="part">
<PB REF="18">
<HEAD>&para; Of the Meridian Circles.</HEAD>
<P>_THe<NOTE N="&Dagger;" PLACE="marg">Myd daye,</NOTE> Meridian is a cicrle that go|eth through the Po+les of the worlde, &amp; thorowe the<NOTE N="&Dagger;" PLACE="marg">That poyncte is co~men|ly called zenith.</NOTE> poynct that is iu&s;t ouer our hedes. In whom whan the &s;onne is come to, he cau&s;eth myd day, and myd nyght. And this circle is al&s;o immouable in the worlde, as longe as the &s;elfe &s;ame &s;ituacion is kept in all mo+uynge of the worlde. Neyther is this circle drawe~ in<NOTE N="&Dagger;" PLACE="marg">globes</NOTE> Spheres that be paynted with &s;tarres, by cau&s;e he is immouable and re|ceyueth no mutacion. But to mannes coniecture by wytte for iij. C. furlonges almo&s;t, the me+ridian a bydeth the &s;ame. But af+ter a more exacte ymaginacion,
<PB REF="18">for euery foote &s;tepped into Ea&s;t or We&s;t, there waxeth another meridian. But than go North or South euen .x. M. furlonges and the &s;ame meridian &s;hall &s;er+ue but goynge from Ea&s;t We&s;t warde altereth the meridian.</P>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 TYPE="part">
<HEAD>&para; Of the Cyrcle Galaxias.</HEAD>
<P>THe cyrcle of<NOTE N="&Dagger;" PLACE="marg">Called of the co~|men peo+ple Wat+lyng &s;tre+te, and in Wa&s;hle, <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="OXF" EXTENT="1 word"> <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="OXF" EXTENT="1 word">.</NOTE> Galaxi|as is oblique al&s;o, and this to, goeth ouer the tropiks awry and it is of the &s;ub&s;tau~ce of fyne Cloudes, and the onely vy&s;yble circle in the heauens, neyther is it certayne what bredth he is of for it is narrower in one place than in another. And for that cau&s;e the circle Galaxias is left out in many Spheres. And it is one of the greate&s;t circles. And
<PB REF="19">they be called the greate&s;t Cir|cles which haue the &s;ame<NOTE N="*" PLACE="marg">Is eue~ the myd+delmo&s;te poyncte in a thin+<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="OXF" EXTENT="2 letters">.</NOTE> cen|tre as the Sphere hath. And there be .vij. of the greate&s;t cir|cles, the Equinoctial, the zodi|ak, that whiche goeth thorowe the myddes of the &s;ygnes, and that whiche goeth by the Po|les, the Horizon of euery haby|tacion, the Maridian, and the circle of Galaxias.</P>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 TYPE="part">
<HEAD>&para; Of the .v. zones.</HEAD>
<P>THe outwarde facion of the erth is<NOTE N="&cross;" PLACE="marg">Koun He, as a Pall.</NOTE> Sphericall and is deuyded into .v. zones, of whom .ii. whiche be aboute the Poles are called the colde ones, bycau&s;e they be very farre from vnder the cour&s;e of the Sonne, and be lytell inhabyted for the great coulth: and their compa&s;&s;e is from the arctiks to the Poles
<PB REF="19" MS="y">warde. And the zones that be next vnto them, becau&s;e they be me&s;urably &s;ytuat towardes the cour&s;e of the &s;onne be called tem+porate, and aboute in the Fyr|mament vpon the tropiks and arctiks Circles, betwene whom they lye. Nowe the fyfth whiche emonge the &s;ayde .iiij. circles is myddelmo&s;t, for that it lygheth vnder the waye of &s;onne is na|med the hotte, and it is deuided of the Equinoctial of the erth, into .ii. which lygheth and about, vnder the Equinocciall of the worlde. But of the two tempe|rate zones, one is inhabyted of them that be of our habytacion beynge in length nyghe a. C. M. furlonges, and in bredth, aboute halfe the &s;ame.</P>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 TYPE="part">
<PB REF="20">
<HEAD>&para; Of the Cele&s;tiall Sygnes.</HEAD>
<P>_THe &s;ygnes that be bla&s;ed with &s;tar+res are deuyded in|to .iij. partes, &s;ome of them be placed in the circle of the zodiak. Some be called Northern, and &s;ome be called Southern. And they y^t be &s;ituat in the circle of y^t zodiak be xij.<NOTE N="&Dagger;" PLACE="marg">Lyue|lynges.</NOTE> Bea&s;tes, who&s;e names we haue declared in another place, in which .xij. bea&s;tes there are cer+tayne &s;tarres, who for certayne notable markes e&s;pied in them, haue taken theyr proper names for the fyxed &s;tarres that be in the backe of Taurus be called<NOTE N="*" PLACE="marg">The. 7. &s;tarres, whiche Maro|ners do v&s;e in tri+enge of co&s;tes.</NOTE> Pleiades. And the &s;tarres that be placed in the head of Taurus be .v. in nombre and are called<NOTE N="*" PLACE="marg">7. &s;tar+res, in who&s;e ry|&s;ing and goynge downe it lyghtlye rayneth; alway.</NOTE>
<PB REF="20" MS="y">Hyades. And the Starre that &s;tandeth before the fete of Ge|mini is called Propus, and that cloudelyke &s;ub&s;taunce, that is in Cancer, is called<NOTE N="*" PLACE="marg">The Crybbe.</NOTE> Prae&s;epe. And the two Starres that &s;tande nyghe Pre&s;epe are called<NOTE N="&dagger;" PLACE="marg">The A&s;&s;es.</NOTE> A&s;ini. And the bryght Starre that is in the harte of Leo, (ac|cordyng to the name of his pla|ce) is the Lyons harte, and it is called of &s;ome men, the Royall Starre, for that they that are borne vnder it are thoughte to haue a royall natiuite. The fay|re Starre that &s;tyeketh at fyn|gers endes of the lefte hande of Virgo, is called the<NOTE N="&cross;" PLACE="marg">Or the eare.</NOTE> Spike. But the lytell &s;tarre that is fa|&s;tened by the ryght wyng of Vir+go is named Protrigetes. And the .iiij. Starres that be at the ryght handes ende of Aquarius
<PB REF="21">are called<NOTE N="&Dagger;" PLACE="marg">The water potte.</NOTE> Vrna. The &s;tarres that be &s;pred one after another behynde Pi&s;ces tayle are called the lynes. And in the South ly|ne, there are .ix. Starres, and in the North lyne .v. The bryghte &s;tarre that is &s;ene in the lynes ende is called<NOTE N="&dagger;" PLACE="marg">The Knotte.</NOTE> Nodus. So ma+ny are accompted for the Nor|thern as be &s;et betwyxt the zodi+ak and the North. And they be the&s;e<NOTE N="&dagger;" PLACE="marg">The great be+re.</NOTE> Vr&s;a maior.<NOTE N="&dagger;" PLACE="marg">The li+teli bere,</NOTE> Vr&s;a minor. And<NOTE N="&Dagger;" PLACE="marg">The drake, or Dragon.</NOTE> Draco that lyeth betwyxt both. Vr&s;a<NOTE N="&Dagger;" PLACE="marg">or boo|res.</NOTE> Arctophi+lax<NOTE PLACE="marg">The crowne.</NOTE> Corona, Engona&s;in, the Serpentine, the Serpent, the Harpe, the Byrde, the Arow, the Egle, the Dolphyn, Protome Hippi, the Hor&s;e that &s;tandeth by Hipparchos, Cepheus, Ca&s;&s;i|opeia, Andromeda, Per&s;eus,<NOTE N="&dagger;" PLACE="marg">The Dryuer.</NOTE> Auriga, Deltoton. And he that was &s;tellyfyed of Callimachus,
<PB REF="21" MS="y">Bernykes heare. Agayne there be certayne &s;tarres who for cer|tayne playne apparaunces that they haue in the~, haue had their names gyuen them. For the no table Starre that lyeth aboue the myd&s;h ankes of Arctophilar is called<NOTE N="&dagger;" PLACE="marg">This lyeth at the rayle of the great <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="OXF" EXTENT="1 word">.</NOTE> Arcturus. And the &s;hyning &s;tarre that is &s;et by the Harpe, euen by the name of the whole &s;ygne is called the Har|pe, and the Starres that be at the toppe of Per&s;eus lefte hande are named the Gorgo|nes. And the thycke &s;mall &s;tar|res that are e&s;pyed at the ryght handes poyncte of Per&s;eus, ma+ke as it were a &s;ythe. And the cleare Starre that is &s;et in the lefte &s;houlder of the Dryuer is called the Goote. But the two lytell &s;tarres that be at the out termo&s;te of his hande be called
<PB REF="22">the Kyddes. And all tho&s;e be Southern &s;ygnes, that lye on the South &s;yde of the zodiak. And theyr names be the&s;e. Ori|on, the Centaurus, the Bea&s;te that Centaurus holdeth in his hande. Thyr&s;ylochus whom Centaurus &s;etteth before, the &s;en&s;ar, the Southern fy&s;&s;he, the Whale, the water powred of Aquarius, the floude of Orion, the South Crowne, whiche of &s;ome is named<NOTE N="&Dagger;" PLACE="marg">The he+uenlyn|ge.</NOTE> Vrani&s;kos, the Rodde that lygheth by Hip+parchos. And agayne in the&s;e there be certayne &s;tarres that haue taken theym propre na|mes. For the bryght &s;tarre that is in Prokyon, is called Proky|on. And the Gly&s;terynge &s;tarre that is in the Dogges mouth, for that &s;he is thought to cau|&s;e more feruent heate, is called
<PB REF="22" MS="y">the Dogge, euen by the name of the whole &s;ygne. The Starre that &s;hyneth in the toppe of the &s;tarne of Argo, is named Cano+pus, and this is vneth &s;ene in the Rodes, excepte it be from hygh places. But in Alexandria, &s;he is not &s;ene at all, where the .iiij. parte of the &s;ygne, doth &s;cantly appeare aboue the Horizon.</P>
<TRAILER>&para; FINIS.</TRAILER>
</DIV1>
</BODY>
<BACK>
<DIV1 TYPE="errata">
<HEAD>&para; Faultes e&s;caped in Pryntynge.</HEAD>
<P>&para; The fyr&s;t leafe, &s;econde page, rede Chyrk, for Chrykes.</P>
<P>Thyrde leafe, &s;econde page, the .xxi. lyne, rede Thauies, for Thames.</P>
<P>Syxte leafe, &s;econde page, la&s;t lyne, rede Tropicos, for Ionixios.</P>
<P>And in the .vii. leafe, fyr&s;te page, la&s;te lyne, rede Tropicos, for Thomxios.</P>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 TYPE="colophon">
<PB REF="23">
<P>&para; Imprynted by me Robert wyer. In the yere of our Lorde GOD a. M.D.L. dwellyng at the &s;ygne of &s;aynt Iohn~ Euange|li&s;t, in &s;aynt Mar|tyns pary&s;|&s;he be|&s;yde Charynge cro&s;&s;e.</P>
<P>&cross; &para; And fyny&s;&s;hed the .xi. daye of Februarie.</P>
<P>&para; Cum priuilegio, ad im|primendum &s;olum.</P>
<PB REF="23">
</DIV1>
</BACK>
</TEXT>
</EEBO>
</ETS>
