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<DATE>2010-10-06</DATE>
<RESPSTMT>
<NAME>Mona Logarbo</NAME>
<RESP>MURP</RESP>
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<ITEM>Proofed and reviewed as part of batch B100910.pdcc.</ITEM>
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<IDG S="marc" R="UM" ID="B07997">
<STC T="S">20186.7</STC>
<BIBNO T="oclc">[ocm]82475145</BIBNO>
<VID>185157</VID>
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<TEXT LANG="eng">
<FRONT>
<DIV1 TYPE="title page">
<PB REF="1">
<PB REF="1" MS="y">
<P>THE ORDER OF ORTHOGRAPHIE:</P>
<P>OR, Sixty &s;ixe Rules &s;hortly dire|cting to the true writing, &s;peaking, and pronouncing the En|gli&s;h <HI>Tongue.</HI></P>
<P>Nece&s;&s;ary for all &s;orts, for want whereof Strangers blame our <HI>Engli&s;h Tongue</HI> of difficultie: many of our owne Nation &s;peake it corruptly, many write it fal&s;ely, and many are di&s;couraged from learning to write it; and others that can write are a&s;hamed to write to their be&s;t friends.</P>
<P><HI>LONDON,</HI> Imprinted by <HI>Augustine Mathews</HI> for <HI>Wil|liam Lee,</HI> and are to be &s;old at his &s;hop in Fleete &s;treet, at the &s;igne of the Golden Buck, neare Seriants Inne. 1622.</P>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 TYPE="to the reader">
<PB REF="2">
<PB REF="2">
<HEAD>To the Reader.</HEAD>
<OPENER><SALUTE>REader,</SALUTE></OPENER>
<P>the &s;undry com|plaints that I haue heard of many, and the great offers, that they would giue much, &s;o they could write Engli&s;h truly, and reade it di&s;tinctly and per|fectly; hath made me venter into the Pre&s;&s;e, and to publi&s;h for thy benefit this litle Booke; which though it contain much in effect, yet I haue contriued into this &s;mall Octauo, that
<PB REF="3">thereby I might become a &s;o|ciable companion for euery mans pocket; and therefore I haue &s;hut out all ver&s;es in <HI>lau|dem Authoris,</HI> and tedious De|dicatories, which now a daies will co&s;t the buyer as much as the Booke it &s;elfe. And if I find my indeuour accepted, I &s;hall endeuour to continue worthy thy friend&s;hip.</P>
<CLOSER><SIGNED>Thine as thou v&s;e&s;t me, <HI>IOS. PRAT.</HI></SIGNED></CLOSER>
</DIV1>
</FRONT>
<BODY>
<DIV1 TYPE="manual of orthography">
<PB REF="3">
<HEAD>THE ORDER OF ORTHOGRAPHY.</HEAD>
<P N="1">1 _THe fir&s;t and lea&s;t thing in writing, is a Poynt or tit|tle, which is marked thus (.) without length or breadth.</P>
<P N="2">2 By artificiall extention or draw|ing forth of which, inlarging the forme is made a Letter, as <HI>a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, k.</HI></P>
<P N="3">3 The ordinary number of Letters is foure and twenty.</P>
<P N="4">4 The Letters are two &s;orts, the one called Vowels, and the other Con&s;o|nants.</P>
<P N="5">5 The&s;e fiue, <HI>a, e, i, o, u,</HI> are Vo|wels, all the re&s;t are Con&s;onants.</P>
<P N="6">6 A Vowell maketh a full and per|fect &s;ound of it &s;elfe. A Con&s;onant, or
<PB REF="4">diuers Con&s;onants without a Vowell, &s;pell not any thing.</P>
<P N="7">7 A Syllable is a perfect &s;ound made of &s;o many letters as are &s;peld or &s;ounded together in a word, as in this word <HI>la-men-ta-ti-on</HI> you &s;ee are fiue &s;yllables.</P>
<P N="8">8 Any of the fiue vowels will make a &s;yllable alone; as in the&s;e words, <HI>a|mongst e-vils I-dolatrie o-verthroweth v-nitie.</HI></P>
<P N="9">9 When two vowels come together in one &s;yllable, it maketh a &s;ound cal|led a dipthong or double &s;ound, which mu&s;t not be deuided, but &s;ounded toge|ther; and they are in number eight, which are the&s;e, <HI>ai, ei, oi, au, eu, ou, oo, ee,</HI> as in the&s;e words: <HI>Faith, heighth, moi&s;t, taught, neuter, ought, foote, feete.</HI></P>
<P N="10">10 There are two Latine dipthongs v&s;ed in Engli&s;h writing, <HI>ae</HI> and <HI>oe,</HI> as <HI>Aeneas, Oedipus,</HI> which you mu&s;t &s;ound as if they were written with <HI>E</HI> only, as <HI>Eneas, Edipus;</HI> not <HI>Aneas, Odipus.</HI></P>
<P N="11">11 <HI>Aa</HI> and <HI>ao</HI> make no dipthongs, and therefore mu&s;t be deuided when they are found in a word, as <HI>Ba-al, Na-omy.</HI></P>
<P N="12">12 <HI>J</HI> or <HI>V</HI> comming before another vowell in the beginning of a word or
<PB REF="4">&s;yllable make no dipthongs, but chan|ging their &s;ound are turned into Con&s;o|nants, as in the&s;e and the like, <HI>James, Ieremy, Iupiter,</HI> vaine, verely, viper, vo|cation.</P>
<P N="13">13 <HI>Ie</HI> hath the &s;ound of <HI>ee</HI> dipthong in the&s;e and the like words, <HI>chiefe, Shriefe, briefe, &s;iege, &s;hield, field, atchieue,</HI> &amp;c.</P>
<P N="14">14 <HI>&V;i</HI> in the&s;e and the like words, is no dipthong, but is pronounced like <HI>u</HI> long, as <HI>&s;uite, fruite, bruite, brui&s;e,</HI> &s;ound them as <HI>lute, &s;ute, confute.</HI></P>
<P N="13">13 <HI>Y</HI> is a Greeke vowell, and natu|rally ought to be v&s;ed but in words bor|rowed of the Greekes, as <HI>hypocrite, my&s;ti|call:</HI> yet it is v&s;ed for <HI>i</HI> vowell, e&s;peci|ally if the &s;yllable following begin with a vowell, as <HI>&s;aying, flying;</HI> al&s;o in words ending in <HI>ie,</HI> as <HI>denie,</HI> or <HI>deny,</HI> leauing out <HI>e,</HI> and ordinarily in words of one &s;ylla|ble, as <HI>by, thy, why;</HI> not <HI>bie, thie, whie.</HI></P>
<P N="16">16 When <HI>y</HI> begins a word, it it made a Con&s;onant, as <HI>yet, yet, your,</HI> which differ in &s;ound from <HI>ies, iet, iour.</HI></P>
<P N="17">17 Ob&s;erue that <HI>th</HI> hath two manner of &s;ounds, as you may ob&s;erue in the&s;e words <HI>the, theefe, thy, thigh, thine, thinne,</HI> and many other.</P>
<P N="18"><PB REF="5">
18 <HI>Ca, co, cu,</HI> &s;ound alwaies like <HI>ka, ko, ku, bu;</HI> but <HI>ce, ci,</HI> like <HI>&s;e, &s;i.</HI></P>
<P N="19">19 <HI>Ph</HI> is &s;ounded alwaies like <HI>f,</HI> as <HI>Phi&s;icke, Prophet, Philo&s;ophie, Phillip.</HI></P>
<P N="20">20 <HI>Ga, go, gu,</HI> keepe alwaies one and the &s;ame &s;ound; but <HI>ge</HI> and <HI>gi</HI> change, as <HI>agent, get, giddie, Giles,</HI> but there is no certaine rule found to know when to change the &s;ound.</P>
<P N="21">21 This &s;ound <HI>&s;i,</HI> may be expre&s;&s;ed fiue diuers waies, as <HI>&s;i, ci, &s;ci, xi,</HI> and <HI>ti.</HI></P>
<P N="22">22 <HI>ti</HI> before a vowell, ordinarily &s;pels <HI>&s;i,</HI> as in the&s;e words <HI>affection, acti|on.</HI></P>
<P N="23">23 If <HI>&s;</HI> come before it, it keepes the ordinary &s;ound, as <HI>que&s;tion, dige&s;ti|on.</HI></P>
<P N="24">24 Some words by changing their manner of writing, change al&s;o their &s;ignification and yet not their &s;ound, as.
<LIST>
<ITEM>A <HI>Prophet,</HI> much <HI>profit.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The <HI>Sunne,</HI> a <HI>Sonne.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>He <HI>heard,</HI> it is <HI>hard.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The <HI>Reigne</HI> of a King.</ITEM>
<ITEM>The <HI>rayne</HI> that falleth.</ITEM>
<ITEM>The <HI>reine</HI> of a bridle.</ITEM>
<ITEM>He <HI>ought</HI> to doe it <HI>oft.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST></P>
<P N="25"><PB REF="5">
25 Some words are written with one and the &s;ame letters, and yet are dif|ferent in &s;ignification, as
<LIST>
<ITEM>The <HI>hart</HI> of a Man.</ITEM>
<ITEM>A bea&s;t called an <HI>Hart.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A <HI>Foule</HI> in the ayre.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Foule <HI>weather.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Thou <HI>art</HI> skilfull in <HI>Art.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>He <HI>may</HI> liue till <HI>May.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST></P>
<P N="26">26 Sometime the &s;ame writing is di|uer&s;ly &s;ounded, as to <HI>v&s;e,</HI> an <HI>v&s;e,</HI> an <HI>a|bu&s;e,</HI> to <HI>abu&s;e:</HI> where <HI>&s;</HI> is &s;ounded al&s;o like <HI>z, ama&s;ed</HI> which differeth from <HI>cha|&s;ed.</HI></P>
<P N="27">27 <HI>Ow</HI> is likewi&s;e diuer&s;ly &s;ounded, as <HI>know how</HI> a <HI>bow</HI> to <HI>bow.</HI></P>
<P N="28">28 Some words are written diuer&s;ly, and yet change not their &s;ound, nor &s;ig|nification, as <HI>Broune,</HI> or <HI>Browne.</HI></P>
<P N="29">29 Some change both the writing and &s;ound, and yet not the &s;ence, as a <HI>bottell,</HI> or <HI>botle.</HI></P>
<P N="30">30 Words ending in <HI>or,</HI> are indiffe|rently written with <HI>our;</HI> as <HI>honor, honour; &s;auor, fauour;</HI> except <HI>dor, for, nor, abhor,</HI> &amp;c.</P>
<P N="31">31 Marke for your next rule what Con&s;onants follow one another in the
<PB REF="6">beginning of a word, as after, <HI>b</HI> will follow only <HI>l</HI> or <HI>r,</HI> as <HI>bla, bre;</HI> for <HI>b&s;a,</HI> or the like, will &s;pell nothing.</P>
<P N="32">32 The Con&s;onants that will follow one another in the beginning of a word are the&s;e, <HI>bl, br, cl, cr, ch, dr, dw, fl, fr, gh, gl, gr, gn, kn, pl, pr, ph, p&s;, &s;c, &s;cr, &s;h, &s;hr, sk, &s;t, &s;m, &s;n, &s;p, &s;pl, &s;pr, &s;q, &s;t, &s;tr, &s;w, tr, th, thr, tw, wh, wr.</HI></P>
<P>Here marke that with tho&s;e letters that you cannot begin a word, you mu&s;t not begin a &s;yllable.</P>
<P N="33">33 Marke next tho&s;e words and &s;ylla|bles that are &s;hortened in Engli&s;h wri|ting by a &s;troake ouer the head, for <HI>m</HI> or <HI>n,</HI> as <HI>a~</HI> for <HI>am</HI> or <HI>an, co~</HI> for <HI>com</HI> or <HI>con;</HI> and &s;ometimes a word is &s;hortened by lea|uing out <HI>e</HI> in the la&s;t &s;yllable, as <HI>hang'd</HI> for <HI>hanged:</HI> other abreuiations al&s;o there are, as y^t for <HI>that,</HI> y^u for <HI>thou,</HI> y^e for <HI>the,</HI> w^t for <HI>with,</HI> w^c for <HI>which,</HI> &amp;c. for <HI>and &s;o forth.</HI></P>
<P N="34">34 The v&s;e of this letter <HI>e</HI> when it is not &s;ounded in the end of a word is di|uers.</P>
<P N="35">35 Fir&s;t it is v&s;ed rather for beau|tie then any nece&s;sitie after <HI>i</HI> in the end of a word, as <HI>bie,</HI> nor <HI>bi;</HI> but not after <HI>y</HI> as <HI>by.</HI></P>
<P N="36"><PB REF="6">
36 Secondly, it is v&s;ed to draw the &s;yllable long, as may be &s;eene by the dif|ference betweene the&s;e words <HI>man</HI> and <HI>mane, mill</HI> and <HI>mile, hid</HI> and <HI>hide.</HI></P>
<P N="37">37 Thirdly, it both draweth the &s;yl|lable long, and changeth the &s;ound of the&s;e letters <HI>c, u, g,</HI> as <HI>pac</HI> is &s;ounded like <HI>pak,</HI> but <HI>pace</HI> like <HI>pa&s;e;</HI> &s;o <HI>rag, rage, hau, haue,</HI> and if <HI>d</HI> be put before <HI>g,</HI> the &s;ylla|ble is pronounced &s;hort as <HI>ledge, lodge,</HI> &amp;c.</P>
<P N="37">37 For more di&s;tinct pronunciation marke that which the Gramarians call accent, which is the lifting vp of the voice higher in one &s;yllable then in an|other, as <HI>to offer incen&s;e,</HI> to <HI>incen&s;e</HI> or pro|uoke.</P>
<P N="38">38 Thus much for letters and &s;ylla|bles, and their pronunciation: now for the deuiding of long words of many &s;yl|lebles, the generall rule is ordinarily to marke how many vowels a word hath, &s;o many &s;yllables it hath, as <HI>re-ge-ne-ra-ti-on.</HI></P>
<P N="39">39 Fir&s;t, except &s;uch words where <HI>e</HI> is little or not at all pronounced in the ende of the word, as <HI>madde, made, hide,</HI> &amp;c.</P>
<P N="40">40 Secondly dipthongs, as <HI>vaine, may, our.</HI></P>
<P N="41">41 Thirdly, words ending in <HI>es,</HI> as <HI>Iames, hones, names, hides.</HI></P>
<P N="42"><PB REF="7">
42 La&s;tly, after <HI>qu</HI> and <HI>g,</HI> as <HI>quicke languag<GAP DESC="illegible" EXTENT="1 letter">.</HI></P>
<P N="43">43 Marke next for your diui&s;ion of words, if you haue two vowels come to|gether, and both fully pronounced, you mu&s;t put the fir&s;t to the former &s;yllable, and the next to the latter, as <HI>auoy-ance, tri-umph, mutu-all.</HI></P>
<P N="44">44 But heere take heede of deuiding the vowels <HI>ea,</HI> as &s;ome corruptly doe, pronouncing <HI>Whe-at, me-at, be-ans, pe-a&s;e,</HI> for <HI>Wheat, mea<GAP DESC="illegible" EXTENT="1 letter">, beans, pea&s;e.</HI></P>
<P N="45">45 When the middle Con&s;onant is doubled, deuide them as <HI>com-mon, com-mand, let-ter, ac-cord.</HI></P>
<P N="46">46 Except they be needle&s;ly doubled in words of the plurall number, as <HI>plumms</HI> for <HI>plums, hills</HI> for <HI>hils.</HI></P>
<P N="47">47 Thus much for deui&s;ion of words and &s;yllables: for your more di&s;tinct writing and reading, ob&s;erue tho&s;e markes called &s;tayes or &s;tops in rea|ding, which are three.</P>
<P N="48">48 The fir&s;t betokeneth a &s;mall &s;tay and is called a <HI>Comma,</HI> and marked thus (,)</P>
<P N="49">49 The &s;econd &s;heweth a longer &s;tay, and is called a <HI>Colon,</HI> &amp; is thus marked (:)</P>
<P N="50"><PB REF="7">
The third is marked thus (.) with one point, and &s;heweth a full and perfect &s;top or &s;tay, as if the &s;en|tence were ended, and it is named a <HI>Period.</HI></P>
<P N="51">51 When a que&s;tion is asked in writing, it is noted with this marke (?) called an <HI>Interogation.</HI></P>
<P N="52">52 When &s;ome words may be left out of a &s;entence, and yet the &s;ence per|fect, it is marked thus ( ) and called a <HI>Parenthe&s;is,</HI> as <HI>&s;uffer me</HI> (I pray you) <HI>a little whil<GAP DESC="illegible" EXTENT="1 letter">.</HI></P>
<P N="53">53 When a word endeth, and the next beginneth with a vowell, the en|ding vowell is &s;ometime left out, and both the words ioyned together, as <HI>thintent</HI> for <HI>the intent,</HI> which exactly &s;hould be written with a marke cal|led <HI>Apo&s;trophu<GAP DESC="illegible" EXTENT="1 letter"></HI> thus, <HI>th'intent.</HI></P>
<P N="54">54 For your more commendable writing, begin alwaies the Sentence with a great letter; and likewi&s;e the names of Per&s;ons, Places, and Times, as <HI>Robert,</HI> London, April. Likewi&s;e, when you put a letter for a word, as B. for Bi&s;hop, L. for Lord; and
<PB REF="8">ordinarily when you put a letter for a number, as V. for <HI>fiue,</HI> X. for <HI>tenne</HI> L. for <HI>fiftie,</HI> C. for an <HI>hundred,</HI> D. for <HI>fiue hundred,</HI> M. for a <HI>Thou&s;and.</HI></P>
<P N="55">55 Next take heed of the barbarous &s;peech of the common people, as of wri|ting or pronouncing <HI>yarbs</HI> for <HI>herbs, &s;tompe</HI> for <HI>&s;tampe, Dater</HI> for <HI>Daughter, twonty</HI> for <HI>twenty, Feale</HI> and <HI>Fineger</HI> for <HI>&V;eale</HI> and <HI>Vi|neger,</HI> and &s;uch like.</P>
<P N="56">56 Marke further that &s;ome letters mu&s;t be written, but not pronounced in &s;ome words,</P>
<P N="57">57 As <HI>C.</HI> ordinarily when it comes before <HI>k,</HI> is not pronounced, as <HI>backe, packe, Rocke,</HI> where it only makes the &s;yl|lable &s;hort.</P>
<P N="58">58 <HI>G</HI> is not pronounced in <HI>&s;igne, re&s;igne, flegme, &s;oueraigne.</HI></P>
<P N="59">59 <HI>H</HI> in <HI>Gho&s;t, Iohn; p</HI> in <HI>receipt,</HI> nor <HI>&s;</HI> in <HI>I&s;le,</HI> and many &s;uch like which you mu&s;t marke by reading with ob&s;eruati|on.</P>
<P N="60">60 Note that all words that may haue this Article <HI>a</HI> or <HI>the</HI> put before them, are called <HI>Nounes,</HI> or names of things, as a <HI>Man</HI> the <HI>hou&s;e.</HI></P>
<P N="61"><PB REF="8">
61 And whereas I &s;pake before of words of the plurall number, note that in Nounes there be two numbers, the &s;ingle or &s;inguler number, which &s;pea|keth but of one, as a <HI>Man,</HI> the <HI>Hou&s;e,</HI> a <HI>Tree,</HI> and &s;uch like.</P>
<P>And the plurall which &s;peaketh of more then one, as <HI>hou&s;es, men, trees.</HI></P>
<P N="62">62 The plurall number is made by putting <HI>s</HI> to the &s;inguler, as one <HI>pot,</HI> ma|ny <HI>pots;</HI> a <HI>Iewell,</HI> two <HI>Iewels.</HI></P>
<P N="63">63 Except words ending in <HI>fe</HI> which make the plurall by changing into <HI>ves,</HI> as <HI>wife, wiues; knife, kniues; Calfe, Calues.</HI></P>
<P N="64">64 Some plurals vary or change from all rule, as a <HI>man,</HI> two <HI>men,</HI> a <HI>brother, brethren,</HI> &s;o <HI>Oxen, teeth, feete, kine, lice, mice.</HI></P>
<P>And &s;ome that make the &s;inguler and the plurall all one, as a <HI>&s;heepe,</HI> two <HI>&s;heepe,</HI> one <HI>mile,</HI> twentie <HI>mile.</HI></P>
<P N="65">65 The &s;inguler and the plurall haue ordinarily &s;yllables alike, except words ending in <HI>ce, ch, g, dg, &s;,</HI> or <HI>&s;h,</HI> as <HI>gra|ces, places, Churches, cages, hedges, ro&s;es, fi&s;hes.</HI></P>
<P N="66"><PB REF="9" MS="y">
66 Note la&s;t of all when the Arti|cle <HI>a</HI> or <HI>my</HI> come before a word begin|ning with a vowell, you mu&s;t change <HI>a</HI> into <HI>an,</HI> and <HI>my</HI> into <HI>mine;</HI> as <HI>an</HI> Oxe, <HI>mine</HI> or <HI>thine</HI> Oxe.</P>
<TRAILER>FINIS.</TRAILER>
</DIV1>
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