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<DATE>2011-01-06</DATE>
<RESPSTMT>
<NAME>Susie Lorand</NAME>
<RESP>MURP</RESP>
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<EEBO>
<IDG S="marc" R="UM" ID="B09727">
<STC T="W">P1923A</STC>
<BIBNO T="oclc">[ocm]80923384</BIBNO>
<VID>191954</VID>
</IDG>
<TEXT LANG="eng">
<FRONT>
<DIV1 TYPE="title page">
<PB REF="1" MS="y">
<P>AN ESSAY Concerning the <HI REND="blackletterType">Multiplication of Mankind:</HI> Together with another ESSAY IN <HI>Political Arithmetick,</HI> Concerning the Growth of the City of <HI>LONDON:</HI> WITH THE Mea&s;ures, Periods, Cau&s;es, and Con&s;e|quences thereof. 1682.</P>
<P><HI>The Third Edition Revi&s;ed and Enlarged.</HI></P>
<P>By Sir WILLIAM PETTY, late Fellow of the <HI>Royal-Society.</HI></P>
<P><HI>LONDON,</HI> Printed for <HI>Robert Clavel</HI> at the <HI>Peacock,</HI> and <HI>Henry Mortlock</HI> at the <HI>Phoenix</HI> in St. <HI>Paul</HI>'s <HI>Church Yard,</HI> 1698.</P>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 TYPE="stationer to the reader">
<PB REF="2">
<PB REF="2">
<HEAD>THE STATIONER TO THE READER.</HEAD>
<P>THE en&s;uing <HI>E&s;&s;ay</HI> concerning the <HI>Growth</HI> of the <HI>City</HI> of <HI>London,</HI> was Entitled <HI>[Ano|ther E&s;&s;ay]</HI> intimating that &s;ome o|ther <HI>E&s;&s;ay</HI> had preceded it, which was not to be found. I having been much importuned for that precedent <HI>E&s;&s;ay,</HI> have found that the &s;ame was about the <HI>Growth, Increa&s;e,</HI> and <HI>Multipli|cation</HI> of Mankind, which Subject &s;hould in Order of <HI>Nature,</HI> precede that of
<PB REF="3">the <HI>Growth</HI> of the City of <HI>London,</HI> but am not able to procure the <HI>E&s;&s;ay</HI> it &s;elf, only I have obtained from a Gentleman, who &s;ometimes corre&s;ponded with Sir <HI>William Petty,</HI> an Extract of a Letter from Sir <HI>William</HI> to him, which I verily believe containeth the &s;cope thereof; wherefore, I mu&s;t de&s;ire the Reader to be content therewith, till more can be had.</P>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 TYPE="extract from letter">
<PB N="5" REF="3">
<HEAD>The Extract of a <HI>Letter</HI> con|cerning the &s;cope of an <HI>ESSAY</HI> intended to precede <HI>another ESSAY</HI> concerning the Growth of the <HI>City</HI> of <HI>LONDON,</HI> &amp;c.</HEAD>
<HEAD TYPE="sub">An <HI>ESSAY</HI> in <HI>Political Arith|metick,</HI> concerning the Value and Increa&s;e of <HI>People</HI> and <HI>Colonies.</HI></HEAD>
<P>THE Scope of this <HI>E&s;&s;ay,</HI> is con|cerning People and Colonies, and to make way for another <HI>E&s;&s;ay</HI> concerning the <HI>Growth</HI> of the City of <HI>London.</HI> I de&s;ire in this fir&s;t <HI>E&s;&s;ay,</HI> to give the World &s;ome light, concerning the Numbers of People in <HI>England,</HI> with <HI>Wales,</HI> and in <HI>Ireland;</HI>
<PB N="6" REF="4">as al&s;o, of the Number of Hou&s;es and Families, wherein they live, and of A|cres they occupy.</P>
<LIST>
<ITEM N="2">2. How many live upon their <HI>Lands,</HI> how many upon their <HI>Per&s;onal E&s;tates</HI> and <HI>Commerce,</HI> and how many upon <HI>Art</HI> and <HI>Labour;</HI> how many upon <HI>Alms,</HI> how many upon <HI>Offices</HI> and <HI>Publick Em|ployments,</HI> and how many as <HI>Cheats</HI> and <HI>Thieves;</HI> how many are <HI>Impotent, Chil|dren,</HI> and <HI>decrepit old Men.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM N="3">3. How many upon the <HI>Poll-Taxes</HI> in <HI>England,</HI> do pay extraordinary Rates, and how many at the Level.</ITEM>
<ITEM N="4">4. How many Men and Women are <HI>Prolifick,</HI> and how many of each are Married and Unmarried.</ITEM>
<ITEM N="5">5. What the Value of People are in <HI>England,</HI> and what in <HI>Ireland</HI> at a <HI>Me|dium,</HI> both as Members of the <HI>Church</HI> or <HI>Commonwealth,</HI> or as <HI>Slaves</HI> and Ser|vants to one another; with a Method how to e&s;timate the &s;ame, in any other <HI>Country</HI> or <HI>Colony.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM N="6">6. How to compute the Value of Land in <HI>Colonies,</HI> in compari&s;on to <HI>En|gland</HI> and <HI>Ireland.</HI></ITEM>
<PB N="7" REF="4">
<ITEM N="7">7. How Ten Thou&s;and People in a <HI>Colony</HI> may be, and planted to the be&s;t advantage.</ITEM>
<ITEM N="8">8. A Conjecture in what Number of Years <HI>England</HI> and <HI>Ireland</HI> may be fully peopled, as al&s;o all <HI>America;</HI> and la&s;tly the whole habitable Earth.</ITEM>
<ITEM N="9">9. What &s;pot of the <HI>Earth's-Globe</HI> were fitte&s;t for a general and univer&s;al <HI>Em|porium,</HI> whereby all the People thereof may be&s;t enjoy one anothers Labours and Commodities.</ITEM>
<ITEM N="10">10. Whether the &s;peedy peopling of the Earth would make,
<LIST>
<ITEM N="1">1. For the good of Mankind.</ITEM>
<ITEM N="2">2. To fulfil the revealed <HI>Will</HI> of <HI>God.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM N="3">3. To what <HI>Prince</HI> or <HI>State</HI> the &s;ame would be mo&s;t advantage|ous.</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
<ITEM N="11">11. An Exhortation to all thinking Men, to &s;alve the Scriptures and other good Hi&s;tories, concerning the <HI>Num|ber</HI> of <HI>People</HI> in all <HI>Ages</HI> of the <HI>World,</HI> in the great <HI>Cities</HI> thereof, and el&s;e|where.</ITEM>
<ITEM N="12">12. An Appendix concerning the dif|ferent Number of <HI>Sea-Fi&s;h</HI> and <HI>Wild-Fowl,</HI>
<PB N="8" REF="5">at the end of every Thou&s;and Years, &s;ince <HI>Noah</HI>'s Flood.</ITEM>
<ITEM N="13">13. An <HI>Hypothe&s;is</HI> of the u&s;e of tho&s;e Spaces (of about 8000 Miles through) within the <HI>Globe</HI> of our <HI>Earth,</HI> &s;uppo&s;ing a Shell of 150 Miles thick.</ITEM>
<ITEM N="14">14. What may be the meaning of <HI>Glorified Bodies,</HI> in ca&s;e the place of the Ble&s;&s;ed &s;hall be without the Con|vex of the Orb of the <HI>fixed Stars,</HI> if that the whole Sy&s;tem of the <HI>World</HI> was made for the u&s;e of our <HI>Earth</HI>'s <HI>Men.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 TYPE="argument">
<PB N="9" REF="5">
<HEAD>The Principal Points of this Di&s;cour&s;e.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM N="1"><HI>1.</HI> THAT <HI>London</HI> doubles in Forty Years, and all <HI>England</HI> in Three Hundred and Sixty Years.</ITEM>
<ITEM N="2"><HI>2.</HI> That there be, <HI>Anno 1682.</HI> about Six Hundred and Seventy Thou&s;and Souls in <HI>London;</HI> and about Seven Millions, Four Hundred Thou&s;and in all <HI>England</HI> and <HI>Wales,</HI> and about Twenty Eight Millions of Acres of profitable Land.</ITEM>
<ITEM N="3"><HI>3.</HI> That the Periods of doubling the People, are found to be in all Degrees, from between Ten to Twelve Hundred Years.</ITEM>
<ITEM N="4"><HI>4.</HI> That the Growth of <HI>London</HI> mu&s;t &s;top of it&s;elf, before the Year <HI>1800.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM N="5"><HI>5.</HI> A Table helping to under&s;tand the <HI>Scriptures,</HI> concerning the Number of People mentioned in them.</ITEM>
<ITEM N="6"><HI>6.</HI> That the <HI>World</HI> will be fully Peopled within the next Two Thou&s;and Years.</ITEM>
<PB N="10" REF="6">
<ITEM N="7"><HI>7.</HI> Twelve ways whereby to Try any Pro|po&s;al, pretended for the publick Good.</ITEM>
<ITEM N="8"><HI>8.</HI> How the City of <HI>London</HI> may be made (morally &s;peaking) <HI>Invincible.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM N="9"><HI>9.</HI> An help to Uniformity in Religion.</ITEM>
<ITEM N="10"><HI>10.</HI> That 'tis po&s;&s;ible to increa&s;e Man|kind by Generation four times more than at pre&s;ent.</ITEM>
<ITEM N="11"><HI>11.</HI> The Plagues of <HI>London</HI> are the Chief Impediment and Objection again&s;t the Growth of the City.</ITEM>
<ITEM N="12"><HI>12.</HI> That an exact Account of the People is nece&s;&s;ary in this Matter.</ITEM>
</LIST>
</DIV1>
</FRONT>
<BODY>
<DIV1 TYPE="text">
<PB N="11" REF="6">
<HEAD>Of the Growth of the City of <HI>LONDON,</HI> and of the Mea|&s;ures, Periods, Cau&s;es and Con&s;equences thereof.</HEAD>
<P>BY the City of <HI>London,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">Wh<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="UOM" EXTENT="2 letters"> is me<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="UOM" EXTENT="2 letters">t by <HI>Lo<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="UOM" EXTENT="2 letters">on.</HI></NOTE> we mean the Hou&s;ing within the Walls of the Old City, with the Liberties thereof, <HI>We&s;tmin&s;ter,</HI> the <HI>Borough</HI> of <HI>Southwark,</HI> and &s;o much of the built Ground in <HI>Middle&s;ex</HI> and <HI>Surrey,</HI> who&s;e Hou&s;es are contiguous unto, or within Call of tho&s;e afore-mentioned. Or el&s;e we mean the Hou&s;ing which &s;tand upon the Ninety Seven Pari&s;hes within the Walls of <HI>Lon|don;</HI> upon the Sixteen Pari&s;hes next, without them; the Six Pari&s;hes of <HI>We&s;t|min&s;ter,</HI> and the Fourteen out-Pari&s;hes in <HI>Middle&s;ex</HI> and <HI>Surrey,</HI> contiguous to the former, all which One Hundred and Thirty Three Pari&s;hes are compre|hended
<PB N="12" REF="7">within the Weekly <HI>Bills</HI> of <HI>Mor|tality.</HI></P>
<P>The Growth of this City is mea&s;ured,<NOTE PLACE="marg">Wha<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="UOM" EXTENT="1 letter"> is mea<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="UOM" EXTENT="2 letters"> by <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="UOM" EXTENT="1 letter">he Gro<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="UOM" EXTENT="2 letters">h of <HI>Lon<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="UOM" EXTENT="1 letter">on.</HI></NOTE>1. By the Quantity of Ground, or Num|ber of Acres upon which it &s;tands. 2. By the Number of Hou&s;es, as the &s;ame ap|pears by the Hearth-Books and late <HI>Maps.</HI> 3. By the Cubical Content of the &s;aid Hou&s;ing. 4. By the Flooring of the &s;ame. 5. By the Number of Days-work, or Charge of Building the &s;aid Hou&s;es. 6. By the Value of the &s;aid Hou&s;es, according to their yearly Rent, and Number of Years Purcha&s;e. 7. By the Number of Inhabitants; according to which latter Sen&s;e only, we make our Computation in this E&s;&s;ay.</P>
<P>Till a better Rule can be obtained, we conceive that the Proportion of the People may be &s;ufficiently mea&s;ured by the Proportion of the <HI>Burials</HI> in &s;uch Years as were neither remarkable for extraordinary Healthfulne&s;s or Sick|line&s;s.</P>
<P>That the City hath Increa&s;ed in this latter Sen&s;e,<NOTE PLACE="marg"><GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="UOM" EXTENT="1 word"> what M<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="UOM" EXTENT="2 letters">&s;ures th<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="UOM" EXTENT="1 letter"> City ha<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="UOM" EXTENT="2 letters"> in|cr<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="UOM" EXTENT="2 letters">&s;ed.</NOTE> appears from the <HI>Bills</HI> of <HI>Mortality,</HI> repre&s;ented in the two follow|ing Tables, <HI>viz.</HI> One whereof is a con|tinuation for Eighteen Years, ending 1682. of that Table which was publi&s;h|ed
<PB N="13" REF="7">in the 117. <HI>Page</HI> of the Book of the Ob&s;ervations upon the <HI>London</HI> Bills of <HI>Mortality,</HI> Printed in the Year 1676. The other &s;heweth what Number of People died at a <HI>Medium</HI> of two Years, indifferently taken, at about Twenty Years di&s;tance from each other.</P>
<P><TABLE>
<HEAD>The fir&s;t of the &s;aid two Tables.</HEAD>
<ROW ROLE="label">
<CELL><HI>Anno Dom.</HI></CELL>
<CELL>97 <HI>Pa|ri&s;hes.</HI></CELL>
<CELL>16 <HI>Pa|ri&s;hes.</HI></CELL>
<CELL><HI>Out-Pa|ri&s;hes.</HI></CELL>
<CELL><HI>Buried in all.</HI></CELL>
<CELL><HI>Be&s;ides of the Plag.</HI></CELL>
<CELL><HI>Chri&s;tn'd</HI></CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>1665</CELL>
<CELL>5320</CELL>
<CELL>12463</CELL>
<CELL>10925</CELL>
<CELL>28708</CELL>
<CELL>68596</CELL>
<CELL>9967</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>1666</CELL>
<CELL>1689</CELL>
<CELL>3969</CELL>
<CELL>5082</CELL>
<CELL>10740</CELL>
<CELL>1998</CELL>
<CELL>8997</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>1667</CELL>
<CELL>761</CELL>
<CELL>6405</CELL>
<CELL>8641</CELL>
<CELL>15807</CELL>
<CELL>35</CELL>
<CELL>10938</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>1668</CELL>
<CELL>796</CELL>
<CELL>6865</CELL>
<CELL>9603</CELL>
<CELL>17267</CELL>
<CELL>14</CELL>
<CELL>11633</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>1669</CELL>
<CELL>1323</CELL>
<CELL>7500</CELL>
<CELL>10440</CELL>
<CELL>19263</CELL>
<CELL>3</CELL>
<CELL>12335</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>1670</CELL>
<CELL>1890</CELL>
<CELL>7808</CELL>
<CELL>10500</CELL>
<CELL>20198</CELL>
<CELL>&nbsp;</CELL>
<CELL>11997</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>1671</CELL>
<CELL>1723</CELL>
<CELL>5938</CELL>
<CELL>8063</CELL>
<CELL>15724</CELL>
<CELL>5</CELL>
<CELL>12510</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>1672</CELL>
<CELL>2237</CELL>
<CELL>6788</CELL>
<CELL>9200</CELL>
<CELL>18225</CELL>
<CELL>5</CELL>
<CELL>12593</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>1673</CELL>
<CELL>2307</CELL>
<CELL>6302</CELL>
<CELL>8890</CELL>
<CELL>17499</CELL>
<CELL>5</CELL>
<CELL>11895</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>1674</CELL>
<CELL>2801</CELL>
<CELL>7522</CELL>
<CELL>10875</CELL>
<CELL>21198</CELL>
<CELL>3</CELL>
<CELL>11851</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>1675</CELL>
<CELL>2555</CELL>
<CELL>5986</CELL>
<CELL>8702</CELL>
<CELL>17243</CELL>
<CELL>1</CELL>
<CELL>11775</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>1676</CELL>
<CELL>2756</CELL>
<CELL>6508</CELL>
<CELL>9466</CELL>
<CELL>18730</CELL>
<CELL>2</CELL>
<CELL>12399</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>1677</CELL>
<CELL>2817</CELL>
<CELL>6632</CELL>
<CELL>9616</CELL>
<CELL>19065</CELL>
<CELL>2</CELL>
<CELL>12626</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>1678</CELL>
<CELL>3060</CELL>
<CELL>6705</CELL>
<CELL>10908</CELL>
<CELL>20673</CELL>
<CELL>5</CELL>
<CELL>12601</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>1679</CELL>
<CELL>3074</CELL>
<CELL>7481</CELL>
<CELL>11173</CELL>
<CELL>21728</CELL>
<CELL>2</CELL>
<CELL>12288</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>1680</CELL>
<CELL>3076</CELL>
<CELL>7066</CELL>
<CELL>10911</CELL>
<CELL>21053</CELL>
<CELL>&nbsp;</CELL>
<CELL>12747</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>1681</CELL>
<CELL>3669</CELL>
<CELL>8136</CELL>
<CELL>12166</CELL>
<CELL>23971</CELL>
<CELL>&nbsp;</CELL>
<CELL>13355</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>1682</CELL>
<CELL>2975</CELL>
<CELL>7009</CELL>
<CELL>10707</CELL>
<CELL>20691</CELL>
<CELL>&nbsp;</CELL>
<CELL>12353</CELL>
</ROW>
</TABLE></P>
<P>According to which latter Table there died as followeth.</P>
<P><TABLE>
<PB N="14" REF="8">
<HEAD>The latter of the &s;aid two Tables.</HEAD>
<ROW ROLE="label">
<CELL>At a <HI>Medium</HI> between the Years</CELL>
<CELL>There died in <HI>London,</HI></CELL>
<CELL>&nbsp;</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>1604 and 1605</CELL>
<CELL>5135.</CELL>
<CELL>A.</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>1621 and 1622</CELL>
<CELL>8527.</CELL>
<CELL>B.</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>1641 and 1642</CELL>
<CELL>11883.</CELL>
<CELL>C.</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>1661 and 1662</CELL>
<CELL>15148.</CELL>
<CELL>D.</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>1681 and 1682</CELL>
<CELL>22331.</CELL>
<CELL>E.</CELL>
</ROW>
</TABLE></P>
<P>Wherein ob&s;erve, That the Number C. is double to A. and 806 over. That D. is double to B. within 1906. That C. and D. is double to A. B. within 293. That E. is double to C. within 1435. That D. and E. is double to B. and C. with|in 3341. And that C. and D. and E. are double to A. and B. and C. within 1736. And that E. is above Quadruple to A. All which Differences (every way con&s;idered) do allow the doubling of the People of <HI>London</HI> in Forty Years, to be a &s;ufficient e&s;timate thereof in round Numbers, and without the trouble of Fractions. We al&s;o &s;ay, That 669930 is near the Number of People now in <HI>London,</HI> becau&s;e the Burials are 22331.
<PB N="15" REF="8">which multiplied by 30, (one dying yearly out of 30, as appears in the 94 <HI>p.</HI> of the afore-mentioned Ob&s;ervations) maketh the &s;aid Number; and becau&s;e there are 84000 tenanted Hou&s;es (as we are credibly informed) which at eight in each, makes 672000 Souls; the &s;aid two Accounts differing incon&s;iderably from each other.</P>
<P>We have thus pretty well found out in what Number of Years (<HI>viz.</HI> in a|bout 40) that the City of <HI>London</HI> hath doubled, and the pre&s;ent Number of <HI>In|habitants</HI> to be about 670000. We mu&s;t now al&s;o endeavour the &s;ame for the whole <HI>Territory</HI> of <HI>England</HI> and <HI>Wales.</HI> In order whereunto, we</P>
<P>Fir&s;t &s;ay, That the A&s;&s;e&s;&s;ment of <HI>Lon|don</HI> is about an<NOTE N="&dagger;" PLACE="marg">The Peo|ple of <HI>Lon|don</HI> are a|bout the 11th. part of all <HI>En|gland</HI> and <HI>Wales.</HI></NOTE> Eleventh part of the whole Territory, and therefore that the People of the whole may well be Eleven times that of <HI>London, viz.</HI> about<NOTE N="&Verbar;" PLACE="marg">The Peo|ple of <HI>En|gland</HI> a|bout &s;even Millions and Four Hundred Thou&s;and.</NOTE> Seven Millions, Three Hundred Sixty Nine Thou&s;and Souls; with which Account that of the <HI>Poll-Money, Hearth-Money,</HI> and the Bi&s;hops late numbring of the <HI>Commu|nicants,</HI> do pretty well agree; where|fore although the &s;aid Number of Seven Millions, Three Hundred Sixty Nine Thou&s;and, be not (as it cannot be) a
<PB N="16" REF="9"><HI>demon&s;trated Truth,</HI> yet it will &s;erve for a good <HI>Suppo&s;ition,</HI> which is as much as we want at pre&s;ent.</P>
<P>As for the time in which the People double, it is yet more hard to be found: For we have good Experience (in the &s;aid 94 <HI>pag.</HI> of the afore-mentioned Ob&s;er|vations) that in the Country, but one of fifty die <HI>per Annum;</HI> and by other late Accounts, that there have been &s;ometimes but Twenty Four <HI>Births</HI> for Twenty Three <HI>Burials:</HI> The which two Points, if they were univer&s;ally, and con|&s;tantly true, there would be colour e|nough to &s;ay, that the People doubled but in about 1200 Years. As for Ex|ample: Suppo&s;e there be 600 People, of which let a fiftieth part die <HI>per An|num,</HI> then there &s;hall die Twelve <HI>per An|num;</HI> and if the Births be as Twenty Four to Twenty Three, then the Increa&s;e of the People &s;hall be &s;omewhat above half a Man <HI>per Annum,</HI> and con&s;equent|ly the &s;uppo&s;ed Number of 600, can|not be doubled but in 1126 Years, which to reckon in round Numbers, and for that the afore-mentioned Fracti|ons were not exact, we had rather call 1200.</P>
<PB N="17" REF="9">
<P>There are al&s;o other good <HI>Ob&s;ervati|ons,</HI> That even in the Country, one in about 30, or 32 <HI>per Annum</HI> hath died, and that there have been five <HI>Births</HI> for four <HI>Burials.</HI> Now, according to this Do|ctrine, 20 will die <HI>per Annum</HI> out of the above 600, and 25 will be born, &s;o as the <HI>Increa&s;e</HI> will be 5, which is a hundred and twentieth part of the &s;aid 600. So as we have two fair <HI>Computations,</HI> differing from each other as one to ten; and there are al&s;o &s;everal other good <HI>Ob&s;ervations</HI> for other <HI>Mea&s;ures.</HI></P>
<P>I might here in&s;ert, That altho the Births in this la&s;t Computation be 25 of 600, or a Twenty fourth part of the People; yet that in Natural po&s;&s;ibility, they may be near thrice as many, and near 75. For that by &s;ome late <HI>Ob&s;ervations,</HI> the <HI>Teem|ing</HI> Females between 15 and 44, are a|bout 180 of the &s;aid 600, and the <HI>Males</HI> of between 18 and 59, are about 180 al&s;o, and that every Teeming <HI>Woman</HI> can bear a <HI>Child</HI> once in two Years; from all which it is plain, that the <HI>Births</HI> may be 90, (and abating 15 for <HI>Sickne&s;s,</HI> Young <HI>A|bortions,</HI> and <HI>Natural Barrenne&s;s</HI>) there may remain 75 Births, which is an Eighth of the People; which by &s;ome Ob&s;ervati|ons
<PB N="18" REF="10">we have found to be but a <HI>two and thirtieth part,</HI> or but a <HI>quarter</HI> of what is thus &s;hewn to be Naturally po&s;&s;ible. Now, according to this Reckoning, if the <HI>Births</HI> may be 75 of 600, and the <HI>Burials</HI> but 15, then the <HI>Annual Increa&s;e</HI> of the People will be 60; and &s;o the &s;aid 600 People may double in 10 Years, which differs yet more from 1200, a|bovementioned. Now to get out of this Difficulty, and to temper tho&s;e va&s;t di&s;a|greements, I took the <HI>Medium</HI> of 50 and 30 dying <HI>per Annum,</HI> and pitch'd upon 40; and I al&s;o took the <HI>Medium</HI> between 24 <HI>Births</HI> and 23 <HI>Burials,</HI> and 5 <HI>Births</HI> for 4 <HI>Burials, viz.</HI> allowing about 10 <HI>Births</HI> for 9 <HI>Burials;</HI> upon which Suppo&s;ition, there mu&s;t die 15 <HI>per Annum</HI> out of the above-mentioned 600, and the <HI>Births</HI> mu&s;t be 16 <HI>and two thirds,</HI> and the In|crea&s;e 1, and two Thirds, or five Thirds of a Man,<NOTE PLACE="marg">That the time of doubling is here, and now <HI>360</HI> Years.</NOTE> which Number compared with 1800 <HI>Thirds,</HI> or 600 Men, gives 360 Years for the time of doubling (in|cluding &s;ome Allowance for <HI>Wars, Plagues,</HI> and <HI>Famine;</HI> the Effects whereof, though they be <HI>Terrible</HI> at the Times and Places where they happen, yet in a period of 360 Years, is no great matter in the
<PB N="19" REF="10">whole Nation. For the Plagues of <HI>Eng|land</HI> in 20 Years hath carried away &s;carce an Eightieth part of the People of the whole Nation; and the late 10 Years <HI>Civil Wars,</HI> (the like whereof hath not been in &s;everal Ages before) did not take away above a fortieth part of the whole People.)</P>
<P>According to which Account or Mea|&s;ure of doubling, if there be now in <HI>England</HI> and <HI>Wales,</HI> 7 Millions 400 Thou|&s;and People, there were about 5 Millions 526 Thou&s;and in the beginning of Queen <HI>Elizabeths</HI> Reign, <HI>Anno</HI> 1560, and about two Millions at the <HI>Norman Conque&s;t;</HI> of which Con&s;ult the <HI>Dooms-day Book,</HI> and My Lord <HI>Hale</HI>'s <HI>Origination</HI> of <HI>Mankind.</HI></P>
<P><HI>Memorandum,</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg"><HI>320</HI> Mil|lions now in the World.</NOTE> That if the People double in 360 Years, that the pre&s;ent 320 Mil|lions, computed by &s;ome Learned Men, (from the Mea&s;ures of all the Nations of the World, their degrees of being Peopled, and good Accounts of the People in &s;everal of them) to be now up|on the face of the Earth, will within the next 2000 Years. &s;o increa&s;e, as to give one Head for every two Acres of Land in the <HI>Habitable</HI> part of the <HI>Earth.</HI> And then, according to the <HI>Prediction</HI> of the
<PB N="20" REF="11"><HI>Scriptures,</HI> there mu&s;t be <HI>Wars</HI> and great <HI>Slaughter,</HI> &amp;c.</P>
<P>Wherefore, as an <HI>Expedient</HI> again&s;t the above-mentioned difference between 10 and 1200 Years, we do for the pre&s;ent, and in this Country admit of 360 Years to be the time wherein the People of <HI>Eng|land</HI> do double, according to the pre&s;ent <HI>Laws</HI> and <HI>Practice</HI> of <HI>Marriages.</HI></P>
<P>Now, if the City double its People in 40 Years, and the pre&s;ent Number be 670 Thou&s;and, and if the <HI>whole Territory</HI> be 7 Millions 400 Thou&s;and, and double in 360 Years, as afore&s;aid; then by the underwritten Table it appears, that <HI>Anno</HI> 1840, the People of the City will be 10718880, and tho&s;e of the whole Coun|try but 10917389, which is but incon|&s;iderably more. Wherefore it is certain and nece&s;&s;ary that the <HI>Growth</HI> of the City mu&s;t &s;top before the &s;aid Year 1840; and will be at its utmo&s;t height in the next preceding Period, <HI>Anno</HI> 1800, when the Number of the City will be Eight times its pre&s;ent Number, <HI>viz.</HI> 5 Millions 359 Thou&s;and. And when (be&s;ides the &s;aid Number) there will be 4 Millions 466 Thou&s;and to perform the <HI>Tillage, Pa&s;turage,</HI> and other Rural Works nece&s;|&s;ary
<PB N="21" REF="11">to be done without the &s;aid City, as by the following Table, <HI>viz.</HI></P>
<P><TABLE>
<ROW ROLE="label">
<CELL>&nbsp;</CELL>
<CELL><HI>Annis.</HI></CELL>
<CELL>Burials.</CELL>
<CELL>People in <HI>London.</HI></CELL>
<CELL>People in <HI>England.</HI></CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL ROWS="8">As in the former Tab.</CELL>
<CELL>1565</CELL>
<CELL>2568</CELL>
<CELL>77040</CELL>
<CELL>5526929</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>1605</CELL>
<CELL>5135</CELL>
<CELL>&nbsp;</CELL>
<CELL>&nbsp;</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>1642</CELL>
<CELL>11883</CELL>
<CELL>&nbsp;</CELL>
<CELL>&nbsp;</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>1682</CELL>
<CELL>22331</CELL>
<CELL>669930</CELL>
<CELL>7369230</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>1722</CELL>
<CELL>44662</CELL>
<CELL>&nbsp;</CELL>
<CELL>&nbsp;</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>1762</CELL>
<CELL>89324</CELL>
<CELL>&nbsp;</CELL>
<CELL>&nbsp;</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>1802</CELL>
<CELL>178648</CELL>
<CELL>5359440</CELL>
<CELL>9825650</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>1842</CELL>
<CELL>357296</CELL>
<CELL>10718889</CELL>
<CELL>10917389</CELL>
</ROW>
</TABLE></P>
<P>Now,<NOTE PLACE="marg">That <HI>Lon|don</HI> will be at its highe&s;t growth, and eight times as great as now, <HI>Anno 1800.</HI></NOTE> when the People of <HI>London</HI> &s;hall come to be &s;o near the People of all <HI>Eng|land,</HI> Then it follows, that the <HI>Growth</HI> of <HI>London</HI> mu&s;t &s;top before the &s;aid Year 1842, as afore&s;aid, and mu&s;t be at its greate&s;t height <HI>Anno</HI> 1800, when it will be eight times more than now, with a|bove 4 Millions for the Service of the <HI>Country</HI> and Ports, as afore&s;aid.</P>
<P>Of the afore-mentioned va&s;t difference between 10 Years and 1200 Years for <HI>doubling</HI> the People, we make this u&s;e, <HI>viz.</HI><NOTE PLACE="marg">A digre&s;|&s;ion of the u&s;e of the va&s;t dif|ference between <HI>10</HI> and <HI>1200</HI> Years of doubling.</NOTE>To ju&s;tifie the <HI>Scriptures</HI> and all other good <HI>Hi&s;tories</HI> concerning the <HI>Number</HI> of the People in Ancient Time. For &s;up|po&s;ing the Eight <HI>Per&s;ons</HI> who came out of the <HI>Ark, Increa&s;ed</HI> by a Progre&s;&s;ive doubling in every 10 Years, might grow
<PB N="22" REF="12">in the fir&s;t 100 Years after the <HI>Flood</HI> from 8 to 8000, and that in 350 Years after the <HI>Flood</HI> (whenabout <HI>Noah</HI> died) to one Million, and by this time 1682, to 320 Millions (which by rational conjecture, are thought to be now in the World) it will not be hard to compute, how in the intermediate Years, the <HI>Growths</HI> may be made, according to what is &s;et down in the following <HI>Table,</HI> wherein making the doubling to be 10 Years at fir&s;t, and within 1200 Years at la&s;t, we take a di&s;|cretionary liberty, but ju&s;tifiable by Ob|&s;ervations and the Scriptures for the re&s;t; which Table we leave to be Corrected by <HI>Hi&s;torians,</HI> who know the bigne&s;s of <HI>An|cient Cities, Armies,</HI> and <HI>Colonies</HI> in the re|&s;pective <HI>Ages</HI> of the <HI>World:</HI> in the mean time affirming, that without &s;uch difference in the <HI>Mea&s;ures</HI> and Periods for doubling (the extreams whereof we have demon|&s;trated to be real and true) it is impo&s;&s;ible to &s;olve what is written in the Holy <HI>Scri|ptures</HI> and other <HI>Authentick Books.</HI> For if we pitch upon any one Number through|out for this purpo&s;e, 150 Years is the fit|te&s;t of all round Numbers; according to which, there would have been but 512 Souls in the whole World in <HI>Mo&s;es</HI>'s time
<PB N="23" REF="12">(being 800 Years after the Flood) when 603 Thou&s;and <HI>I&s;raelites</HI> of above 20 Years Old (be&s;ides tho&s;e of other Ages, Tribes, and Nations) were found upon an exact Survey appointed by God; whereas our Table makes 12 Millions. And there would have been but 8000 in <HI>David</HI>'s Time, when were found 1100 Thou&s;and of above 20 Years Old (be&s;ides others, as afore&s;aid) in <HI>I&s;rael,</HI> upon the Survey in|&s;tigated by Satan; whereas our Table makes 32 Millions. And there would have been but a quarter of a Million about the Birth of Chri&s;t, or <HI>Augu&s;tus</HI> his Time, when <HI>Rome</HI> and the <HI>Roman</HI> Empire were &s;o great; whereas our Table makes 100 Millions. Where Note, That the <HI>I&s;rae|lites</HI> in about 500 Years, between their coming out of <HI>Egypt</HI> to <HI>David</HI>'s Reign, increa&s;ed from 603 Thou&s;and to 1100 Thou&s;and.</P>
<P>On the other hand, if we pitch upon a le&s;s Number, as 100 Years, the World would have been over-peopled 700 Years &s;ince. Wherefore no one Number will &s;olve the <HI>Phaenomena;</HI> and therefore we have &s;uppo&s;ed &s;everal in order to make the following Table, which we a|gain de&s;ire Hi&s;torians to Correct, ac|cording
<PB N="24" REF="13">to what they find in Antiquity concerning the Number of the People in each Age and Country of the World.</P>
<P>We did (not long &s;ince) a&s;&s;i&s;t a worthy Divine, writing again&s;t &s;ome <HI>Scepticks,</HI> who would have baffled our belief of the Re&s;urrection, by &s;aying, that the whole Globe of the Earth could not furni&s;h Matter enough for all the Bodies that mu&s;t Ri&s;e at the la&s;t Day, much le&s;s would the &s;urface of the Earth furni&s;h footing for &s;o va&s;t a Number; whereas we did (by the Method aforementioned) a&s;&s;ert the Number of Men now living, and al&s;o of tho&s;e that had died &s;ince the beginning of the World; and did withal &s;hew, that half the I&s;land of <HI>Ireland</HI> would afford them all, not only Footing to &s;tand upon, but Graves to lie down in, for that whole Number; and that two Mountains in that Country were as weigh|ty as all the B dies that had ever been from the beginning of the World to the Year 1680, when this Di&s;pute hap|pened. For which purpo&s;e, I have di|gre&s;&s;ed from my intended purpo&s;e, to in|&s;ert this <HI>Matter,</HI> intending to pro&s;ecute this hint further, upon &s;ome more proper Occa&s;ion.</P>
<PB N="25" REF="13">
<P><TABLE>
<HEAD>A Table &s;hewing how the People might have doubled in the &s;everal Ages of the World.</HEAD>
<ROW ROLE="label">
<CELL>Periods of doubling </CELL>
<CELL><HI>Anno</HI> after the Flood.</CELL>
<CELL>Per&s;ons.</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL ROWS="11">In 10 Years</CELL>
<CELL>1</CELL>
<CELL>8 </CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>10</CELL>
<CELL>16</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>20</CELL>
<CELL>32</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>30</CELL>
<CELL>64</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>40</CELL>
<CELL>128</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>50</CELL>
<CELL>256</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>60</CELL>
<CELL>512</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>70</CELL>
<CELL>1024</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>80</CELL>
<CELL>2048</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>90</CELL>
<CELL>4096</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>100</CELL>
<CELL>8000 and more.</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL ROWS="2">In 20 Years</CELL>
<CELL>120 Years after the Flood.</CELL>
<CELL>16 Thou&s;and.</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>140</CELL>
<CELL>32</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL ROWS="2">In 30 Years</CELL>
<CELL>170</CELL>
<CELL>64</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>200</CELL>
<CELL>128</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>In 40 Years</CELL>
<CELL>240</CELL>
<CELL>256</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>In 50 Years</CELL>
<CELL>290</CELL>
<CELL>512</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>In 60 Years</CELL>
<CELL>350</CELL>
<CELL>1 Million and more.</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>In 70 Years</CELL>
<CELL>420</CELL>
<CELL>2 Millions.</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>In 100 Years</CELL>
<CELL>520</CELL>
<CELL>4 Millions.</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>In 190 Years</CELL>
<CELL>710</CELL>
<CELL>8 Millions.</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>In 290 Years</CELL>
<CELL>1000</CELL>
<CELL>16 <NOTE PLACE="marg">In <HI>Mo&s;es</HI> Time.</NOTE></CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>In 400 Years</CELL>
<CELL>1400</CELL>
<CELL>32 <NOTE PLACE="marg">About <HI>Davids</HI> Time.</NOTE></CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>In 550 Years</CELL>
<CELL>1950</CELL>
<CELL>64</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>In 750 Years</CELL>
<CELL>2700</CELL>
<CELL>128 <NOTE PLACE="marg">About the Birth of Chri&s;t.</NOTE></CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>In 1000 Years</CELL>
<CELL>3700</CELL>
<CELL>256</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>In 300 Years</CELL>
<CELL ROWS="2">4000</CELL>
<CELL ROWS="2">320</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>In 1000 Years</CELL>
</ROW>
</TABLE>
<PB N="24" REF="14"><GAP DESC="duplicate" EXTENT="1 page">
<PB N="25" REF="14"><GAP DESC="duplicate" EXTENT="1 page"></P>
<PB N="26" REF="15">
<P>It is here to be noted, That in this Table we have a&s;&s;igned a different Num|ber of Years for the time of doubling the People in the &s;everal Ages of the <HI>World,</HI> and might have done the &s;ame for the &s;everal <HI>Countries</HI> of the <HI>World,</HI> and therefore the &s;aid &s;everal <HI>Periods</HI> a&s;|&s;igned to the <HI>whole World</HI> in the <HI>Lump,</HI> may well enough con&s;i&s;t with the Three Hundred and Sixty Years, e&s;pecially a&s;|&s;igned to <HI>England,</HI> between this day, and the <HI>Norman</HI> Conque&s;t; and the &s;aid Three Hundred and Sixty Years may well e|nough &s;erve for a Suppo&s;ition between this time, and that of the <HI>World's</HI> being fully Peopled: Nor do we lay any &s;tre&s;s upon one or the other in this Di&s;qui&s;i|tion concerning the <HI>Growth</HI> of the City of <HI>London.</HI></P>
<P>We have &s;poken of the <HI>Growth</HI> of <HI>London,</HI> with the Mea&s;ures and Periods thereof, we come next to the Cau&s;es and Con&s;equences of the &s;ame.</P>
<P>The Cau&s;es of its <HI>Growth</HI> from 1642 to 1682, may be &s;aid to have been as followeth, <HI>viz.</HI> From 1642 to 1650, that Men came out of the <HI>Countrey</HI> to <HI>London,</HI> to &s;helter them&s;elves from the Outrages of the <HI>Civil Wars,</HI> during that time;
<PB N="27" REF="15">from 1650 to 1660, the <HI>Royal Party</HI> came to <HI>London,</HI> for their more private and inexpen&s;ive Living; from 1660 to 1670, the <HI>King's Friends</HI> and <HI>Party</HI> came to receive his <HI>Favours</HI> after his <HI>Happy Re&s;tauration;</HI> from 1670 to 1680, the frequency of <HI>Plots</HI> and Parliaments, might bring extraordinary Numbers to the City; but what Rea&s;ons to a&s;&s;ign for the like <HI>Increa&s;e</HI> from 1604 to 1642, I know not, unle&s;s I &s;hould pick out &s;ome <HI>Remarkable Accident</HI> happening in each part of the &s;aid <HI>Period,</HI> and make that to be the Cau&s;e of this <HI>Increa&s;e</HI> (as vulgar People make the Cau&s;e of every Man's Sickne&s;s to be what he did la&s;t eat) where|fore, rather than &s;o to &s;ay, <HI>quidlibet de quolibet;</HI> I had rather quit even what I have above-&s;aid to be the Cau&s;e of <HI>Lon|don</HI>'s <HI>Increa&s;e</HI> from 1642 to 1682, and put the whole upon &s;ome natural and &s;pontaneous <HI>Benefits</HI> and Advantages that Men find by living in great more than in &s;mall <HI>Societies;</HI> and &s;hall therefore &s;eek for the <HI>Antecedent Cau&s;es</HI> of this <HI>Growth,</HI> in the <HI>Con&s;equences</HI> of the like, con&s;i|dered in greater <HI>Characters</HI> and <HI>Propor|tions.</HI></P>
<PB N="28" REF="16">
<P>Now, whereas in Arithmetick, out of two fal&s;e <HI>Po&s;itions</HI> the Truth is ex|tracted, &s;o I hope out of two <HI>extrava|gant</HI> contrary Suppo&s;itions, to draw forth &s;ome &s;olid and con&s;i&s;tent <HI>Conclu&s;ion,</HI> viz.</P>
<P>The fir&s;t of the &s;aid two Suppo&s;iti|ons is, That the City of <HI>London</HI> is &s;even times bigger than now, and that the <HI>Inhabitants</HI> of it are four Millions Six Hundred and Ninety Thou&s;and People; and that in all the other <HI>Cities, Ports, Towns</HI> and <HI>Villages,</HI> there are but two Millions Seven Hundred and Ten Thou|&s;and more.</P>
<P>The other <HI>Suppo&s;ition</HI> is, That the City of <HI>London</HI> is but a &s;eventh part of its pre&s;ent bigne&s;s, and that the <HI>Inhabi|tants</HI> of it are but Ninety Six Thou&s;and, and that the re&s;t of the Inhabitants (be|ing Seven Millions Three Hundred Four Thou&s;and) do co-habit thus, One Hun|dred Four Thou&s;and of them in &s;mall <HI>Cities</HI> and <HI>Towns,</HI> and that the re&s;t, being &s;even Millions Two Hundred Thou&s;and, do inhabit in <HI>Hou&s;es</HI> not contiguous to one another, <HI>viz.</HI> In Twelve Hundred Thou&s;and Hou&s;es, having about Twenty Four Acres of Ground belonging to each
<PB N="29" REF="16">of them, accounting about Twenty Eight Millions of Acres to be in the whole <HI>Territory</HI> of <HI>England, Wales,</HI> and the ad|jacent <HI>I&s;lands;</HI> which any Man that plea&s;es may examine upon a good Map.</P>
<P>Now, the Que&s;tion is, In which of the&s;e imaginary States, would be the mo&s;t convenient, commodious and comfortable Livings?</P>
<P>But this general Que&s;tion divides it &s;elf into the &s;everal Que&s;tions, relating to the following Particulars, <HI>viz.</HI></P>
<LIST>
<ITEM N="1">1. For the <HI>Defence</HI> of the Kingdom again&s;t Foreign Powers.</ITEM>
<ITEM N="2">2. For preventing the <HI>Inte&s;tine Com|motions</HI> of <HI>Parties</HI> and <HI>Factions.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM N="3">3. For <HI>Peace</HI> and <HI>Uniformity</HI> in <HI>Re|ligion.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM N="4">4. For the <HI>Admini&s;tration</HI> of <HI>Ju&s;tice.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM N="5">5. For the proportionably <HI>Taxing</HI> of the People, and ea&s;ie <HI>Levying</HI> the &s;ame.</ITEM>
<ITEM N="6">6. For <HI>Gain</HI> by Foreign Commerce.</ITEM>
<ITEM N="7">7. For <HI>Husbandry, Manufacture,</HI> and for <HI>Arts</HI> of Delight and Ornament.</ITEM>
<ITEM N="8">8. For le&s;&s;ening the Fatigue of <HI>Car|riages</HI> and <HI>Travelling.</HI></ITEM>
<PB N="30" REF="17">
<ITEM N="9">9. For preventing <HI>Beggars</HI> and <HI>Thieves.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM N="10">10. For the Advancement and Propa|gation of <HI>U&s;eful Learning.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM N="11">11. For <HI>Increa&s;ing</HI> the People by <HI>Gene|ration.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM N="12">12. For preventing the Mi&s;chiefs of <HI>Plagues</HI> and <HI>Contagions.</HI> And withal, which of the &s;aid two States is mo&s;t Practicable and Natural; for in the&s;e and the like Particulars, do lie the <HI>Te&s;ts</HI> and <HI>Touch&s;tones</HI> of all <HI>Propo&s;als,</HI> that can be made for the Publick Good.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<P>Fir&s;t, as to <HI>Practicable,</HI> we &s;ay, That although our &s;aid Extravagant Propo&s;als are both in Nature po&s;&s;ible, yet it is not Obvious to every Man to conceive, how <HI>London,</HI> now &s;even times bigger than in the beginning of Queen <HI>Elizabeth</HI>'s <HI>Reign,</HI> &s;hould be &s;even times bigger than now it is, and Forty Nine times bigger than <HI>Anno</HI> 1560. To which I &s;ay, 1. That the pre&s;ent City of <HI>London</HI> &s;tands upon le&s;s than Two Thou&s;and Five Hundred Acres of Ground; where|fore a City &s;even times as large may &s;tand upon Ten Thou&s;and Five Hun|dred Acres, which is about equivalent to a Circle of Four Miles and a half in
<PB N="31" REF="17">Diameter, and le&s;s than Fifteen Miles in Circumference. 2. That a Circle of Ground of Thirty Five Miles Semi-Diameter will bear <HI>Corn, Garden-&s;tuff, Fruits, Hay,</HI> and <HI>Timber</HI> for the Four Mil|lions Six Hundred and Ninety Thou&s;and Inhabitants of the &s;aid City and Circle, &s;o as nothing of that kind need be brought from above Thirty Five Miles di&s;tance from the &s;aid City; for the Number of Acres within the &s;aid Cir|cle, reckoning Two Acres &s;ufficient to furni&s;h <HI>Bread</HI> and <HI>Drink-Corn</HI> for every Head, and Two Acres will furni&s;h Hay for every nece&s;&s;ary Hor&s;e; And that the Trees which may grow in the Hedge|rows of the Fields within the &s;aid Cir|cle, may furni&s;h <HI>Timber</HI> for Six Hun|dred Thou&s;and Hou&s;es. 3. That all live Cattel and great Animals can bring them&s;elves to the &s;aid City; and that Fi&s;h can be brought from the <HI>Lands-end</HI> and <HI>Berwick,</HI> as ea&s;ily as now. 4. Of <HI>Coals</HI> there is no doubt: And for Wa|ter, Twenty Shillings <HI>per</HI> Family (or Six Hundred Thou&s;and Pounds <HI>per An|num</HI> in the whole) will &s;erve this <HI>City,</HI> e&s;pecially with the help of the <HI>New-River.</HI> But if by Practicable be under&s;tood, that
<PB N="32" REF="18">the pre&s;ent State may be &s;uddenly chang|ed into either of the Two above-men|tioned Propo&s;als, I think it is not <HI>Pra|cticable.</HI> Wherefore the true Que&s;tion is, unto or towards which of the &s;aid Two extravagant States is be&s;t to bend the pre&s;ent State by degrees, <HI>viz.</HI> Whether it be be&s;t to le&s;&s;en or enlarge the pre|&s;ent City? In order whereunto, we en|quire (as to the fir&s;t Que&s;tion) which State is mo&s;t <HI>Defen&s;ible</HI> again&s;t <HI>Foreign Powers;</HI> &s;aying. That if the above-men|tioned Hou&s;ing, and a border of Ground, of Three Quarters of a Mile broad, were encompa&s;&s;ed with a Wall and Ditch of Twenty Miles about (as &s;trong as any in <HI>Europe,</HI> which would co&s;t but a Million, or about a Peny in the Shil|ling of the Hou&s;e-Rent for one Year) what <HI>Foreign Prince</HI> could bring an Army from beyond Seas, able to beat, 1. Our Sea-Forces, and next with Hor&s;e harra&s;s'd at Sea, to re&s;i&s;t all the fre&s;h Hor&s;e that <HI>England</HI> could make, and then Conquer above a Million of Men, well United, Di&s;ciplin'd, and Guarded within &s;uch a <HI>Wall,</HI> di&s;tant every where Three Quar|ters of a Mile from the Hou&s;ing, to e|lude the <HI>Granadoes</HI> and great Shot of the
<PB N="33" REF="18"><HI>Enemy?</HI> 2. As to <HI>Inte&s;tine Parties</HI> and <HI>Factions,</HI> I &s;uppo&s;e that Four Millions Six Hundred and Ninety Thou&s;and People united within this great City, could ea|&s;ily Govern half the &s;aid Number &s;cat|tered without it; and that a few Men in Arms within the &s;aid City and Wall, could al&s;o ea&s;ily Govern the re&s;t un|armed, or armed in &s;uch a manner as the <HI>Sovereign</HI> &s;hall think fit. 3. As to <HI>Uni|formity</HI> in <HI>Religion,</HI> I conceive, That if St. <HI>Martin</HI>'s Pari&s;h (may as it doth) con&s;i&s;t of about Forty Thou&s;and Souls, That this great City al&s;o may as well be made but as one Pari&s;h, with Seven times One Hundred and Thirty Chap|pels, in which might not only be an U|niformity of Common Prayer, but in Preaching al&s;o; for that a Thou&s;and Co|pies of one Judiciou&s;ly and Authentical|ly compo&s;ed <HI>Sermon,</HI> might be every Week read in each of the &s;aid <HI>Chappels</HI> without any &s;ub&s;equent Repetition of the &s;ame, as in the Ca&s;e of Homilies. Whereas in <HI>England</HI> (wherein are near Ten Thou&s;and Pari&s;hes, in each of which upon <HI>Sundays, Holy-Days,</HI> and other ex|traordinary Occa&s;ions, there &s;hould be about One Hundred Sermons <HI>per Annum,</HI>
<PB N="34" REF="19">making about a Million of Sermons <HI>per Annum</HI> in the whole:) It were a Mi|racle, if a Million of Sermons compo&s;ed by &s;o many Men, and of &s;o many Minds and Methods, &s;hould produce <HI>Unifor|mity</HI> upon the di&s;compo&s;ed Under&s;tand|ings of about Eight Millions of Hear|ers.</P>
<P N="4">4. As to the <HI>Admini&s;tration</HI> of <HI>Ju|&s;tice.</HI> If in this great City &s;hall dwell the Owners of all the Lands and other valuable Things in <HI>England;</HI> if within it &s;hall be all the <HI>Traders,</HI> and all the <HI>Courts, Offices, Records, Juries,</HI> and <HI>Wit|ne&s;&s;es;</HI> then it follows, that <HI>Ju&s;tice</HI> may be done with &s;peed and ea&s;e.</P>
<P N="5">5. As to the <HI>Equality</HI> and ea&s;ie <HI>Levy|ing</HI> of Taxes. It is too certain, that <HI>London</HI> hath at &s;ome times paid near half the Exci&s;e of <HI>England;</HI> and that the Peo|ple pay thrice as much for the Hearths in <HI>London,</HI> as tho&s;e in the Country, in proportion to the People of each; and that the Charge of Collecting the&s;e Du|ties, have been about a &s;ixth part of the Duty it &s;elf. Now, in this great City, the Exci&s;e alone, according to the pre|&s;ent Laws, would not only be double to the whole Kingdom, but al&s;o more equal.
<PB N="35" REF="19">And the Duty of Hearths of the &s;aid City, would exceed the pre&s;ent proceed of the whole Kingdom: And as for the <HI>Cu&s;toms,</HI> we mention them not at pre|&s;ent.</P>
<P N="6">6. Whether more would be <HI>gained</HI> by <HI>Foreign Commerce?</HI></P>
<P>The Gain which <HI>England</HI> makes by <HI>Lead, Coals,</HI> the Freight of Shipping, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> may be the &s;ame, for ought I &s;ee, in both Ca&s;es. But the Gain which is made by <HI>Manufactures,</HI> will be greater, as the Ma|nufacture it &s;elf is greater and better. For in &s;o va&s;t a City <HI>Manufactures</HI> will beget one another, and each <HI>Manufacture</HI> will be divided into as many parts as po&s;&s;ible, whereby the Work of each <HI>Ar|ti&s;an</HI> will be &s;imple and ea&s;ie; as for Example. In the making of a <HI>Watch,</HI> if one Man &s;hall make the <HI>Wheels,</HI> ano|ther the <HI>Spring,</HI> another &s;hall Engrave the <HI>Dial-plate,</HI> and another &s;hall make the <HI>Ca&s;es,</HI> then the <HI>Watch</HI> will be better and cheaper, than if the whole Work be put upon any one Man. And we al&s;o &s;ee that in <HI>Towns,</HI> and in the <HI>Streets</HI> of a great <HI>Town,</HI> where all the <HI>Inhabi|tants</HI> are almo&s;t of one Trade, the Com|modity peculiar to tho&s;e places is made
<PB N="36" REF="20">better and cheaper than el&s;ewhere. More|over, when all &s;orts of Manufactures are made in one place, there every Ship that goeth forth, can &s;uddenly have its Load|ing of &s;o many &s;everal Particulars and Species, as the Port whereunto &s;he is bound can take off. Again, when the &s;everal <HI>Manufactures</HI> are made in one place, and &s;hipped off in another, the <HI>Carriage, Po&s;tage,</HI> and <HI>Travelling-Charges</HI> will inhance the Price of &s;uch <HI>Manufa|cture,</HI> and le&s;&s;en the Gain upon <HI>Foreign Commerce.</HI> And la&s;tly, when the import|ed Goods are &s;pent in the Port it &s;elf, where they are landed, the Carriage of the &s;ame into other places will create no &s;urcharge upon &s;uch Commodity; all which particulars tend to the greater Gain by <HI>Foreign Commerce.</HI></P>
<P N="7">7. As for <HI>Arts</HI> of <HI>Delight</HI> and <HI>Orna|ment.</HI></P>
<P>They are be&s;t promoted by the great|e&s;t Number of <HI>Emulators.</HI> And it is more likely that one <HI>ingenious, curious Man</HI> may rather be found out among&s;t Four Millions than Four Hundred Per&s;ons. But as for <HI>Husbandry,</HI> viz. <HI>Tillage</HI> and <HI>Pa&s;turage,</HI> I &s;ee no Rea&s;on, but the &s;econd State (when each Family is charged with
<PB N="37" REF="20">the Culture of about Twenty Four A|cres) will be&s;t promote the &s;ame.</P>
<P N="8">8. As for le&s;&s;ening the Fatigue of <HI>Car|riage</HI> and <HI>Travelling.</HI></P>
<P>The thing &s;peaks it &s;elf; for if all the Men of Bu&s;ine&s;s, and all <HI>Arti&s;ans</HI> do live within Five Miles of each other: And if tho&s;e who live without the great City, do &s;pend only &s;uch Commodities as grow where they live, then the Charge of Carriage and Travelling could be little.</P>
<P N="9">9. As to the preventing of <HI>Beggars</HI> and <HI>Thieves.</HI></P>
<P>I do not find how the differences of the &s;aid two States &s;hould make much difference in this particular; for Impo|tents (which are but One in about Six Hundred) ought to be maintained by the re&s;t. 2. Tho&s;e who are unable to Work, through the evil Education of their <HI>Pa|rents,</HI> ought (for ought I know) to be maintained by their neare&s;t Kindred, as a ju&s;t Puni&s;hment upon them. 3. And tho&s;e who cannot find Work (though able and willing to perform it) by rea|&s;on of the unequal application of Hands to Lands, ought to be provided for by the <HI>Magi&s;trate</HI> and <HI>Landlord</HI> till that can
<PB N="38" REF="21">be done; for there needs be no <HI>Beggars</HI> in Countries, where there are many A|cres of unimproved improvable Land to every Head, as there are in <HI>England.</HI> As for <HI>Thieves,</HI> they are for the mo&s;t part begotten from the &s;ame Cau&s;e; for it is again&s;t Nature, that any Man &s;hould venture his Life, Limb, or Liber|ty, for a wretched Livelihood, whereas moderate Labour will produce a better. But of this &s;ee Sir <HI>Thomas Moor,</HI> in the fir&s;t part of his <HI>Utopia.</HI></P>
<P N="10">10. As to the <HI>Propagation</HI> and <HI>Improve|ment</HI> of <HI>U&s;eful Learning.</HI></P>
<P>The &s;ame may be &s;aid concerning it, as was above-&s;aid concerning <HI>Manufa|ctures,</HI> and the <HI>Arts</HI> of <HI>Delight</HI> and <HI>Or|nament;</HI> for in the great ya&s;t City, there can be no &s;o odd a Conceit or De&s;ign, whereunto &s;ome A&s;&s;i&s;tance may not be found, which in the thin, &s;cattered way of Habitation may not be.</P>
<P N="11">11. As for the <HI>Increa&s;e</HI> of <HI>People</HI> by <HI>Generatior,</HI></P>
<P>I &s;ee no great difference from either of the two States, for the &s;ame may be hindred or promoted in either, from the &s;ame Cau&s;es.</P>
<PB N="39" REF="21">
<P N="12">12. As to the <HI>Plague.</HI></P>
<P>It is to be remembred, that one time with another, a <HI>Plague</HI> happeneth in <HI>Lon|don</HI> once in Twenty Years, or there|abouts; for in the la&s;t Hundred Years, between the Years 1582 and 1682, there have been Five great <HI>Plagues,</HI> viz. <HI>Anno</HI> 1592, 1603, 1625, 1636 and 1665. And it is al&s;o to be remembred, that the <HI>Plagues</HI> of <HI>London</HI> do commonly kill one fifth part of the <HI>Inhabitants.</HI> Now, if the whole People of <HI>England</HI> do double but in Three Hundred and Sixty Years, then the Annual Increa&s;e of the &s;ame is but Twenty Thou&s;and, and in Twenty Years Four Hundred Thou&s;and. But if in the City of <HI>London</HI> there &s;hould be Two Millions of People, (as there will be about Sixty Years hence) then the <HI>Plague</HI> (killing one fifth of them, name|ly, Four Hundred Thou&s;and once, in Twenty Years) will de&s;troy as many in One Year, as the whole Nation can re|furni&s;h in Twenty: And con&s;equently the People of the Nation &s;hall never Increa&s;e. But if the People of <HI>London</HI> &s;hall be a|bove Four Millions (as in the fir&s;t of our Two <HI>extravagant</HI> Suppo&s;itions is pre|mi&s;ed) then the People of the whole
<PB N="40" REF="22">Nation &s;hall le&s;&s;en above Twenty Thou|&s;and <HI>per Annum.</HI> So as if People be worth Seventy Pounds <HI>per</HI> Head (as hath el&s;ewhere been &s;hewn) then the &s;aid greatne&s;s of the City will be a damage to it &s;elf and the whole Nation of Four|teen Hundred Thou&s;and Pounds <HI>per An|num,</HI> and &s;o <HI>pro Rata,</HI> for a greater or le&s;&s;er Number; wherefore to determine, which of the Two <HI>States</HI> is be&s;t, (that is to &s;ay, towards which of the &s;aid Two <HI>States, Authority</HI> &s;hould bend the pre&s;ent <HI>State</HI>) a ju&s;t Balance ought to be made between the Di&s;advantages from the <HI>Plague,</HI> with the Advantages accruing from the other Particulars above-mention|ed; unto which <HI>Balance</HI> a more exact Account of the People, and a better Rule for the Mea&s;ure of its Growth is ne|ce&s;&s;ary, that what we have here given, or are yet able to lay down.</P>
</DIV1>
</BODY>
<BACK>
<DIV1 TYPE="postscript">
<PB N="41" REF="22">
<HEAD>POSTSCRIPT.</HEAD>
<P>IT was not very pertinent to a <HI>Di&s;cour&s;e</HI> concerning the <HI>Growth</HI> of the City of <HI>London,</HI> to thru&s;t in Con&s;iderations of the Time when the whole <HI>World</HI> will be fully Peopled; and how to ju&s;tifie the <HI>Scriptures</HI> concerning the Number of Peo|ple mentioned in them; and concerning the Number of the Quick and the Dead, that may ri&s;e at the la&s;t Day, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Ne|verthele&s;s, &s;ince &s;ome Friends liking the &s;aid Digre&s;&s;ions and Impertinences (per|haps as Sawce to a dry Di&s;cour&s;e) have de&s;ired that the &s;ame might be explained and made out: I therefore &s;ay as fol|loweth
<LIST>
<ITEM N="1">1. If the Number of Acres in the ha|bitable Part of the Earth, be under Fifty Thou&s;and Millions; if Twenty Thou&s;and Millions of People, are more than the &s;aid Number of Acres will feed; (few
<PB N="42" REF="23">or no Countries being &s;o fully peopled;) and for that in Six doublings (which will be in Two Thou&s;and Years) the pre&s;ent Three Hundred and Twenty Mil|lions will exceed the &s;aid Twenty Thou|&s;and Millions.</ITEM>
<ITEM N="2">2. That the Number of all tho&s;e who have died &s;ince the <HI>Flood,</HI> is the Sum of all the Products made by multiplying the Number of the doubling Periods mention|ed in the fir&s;t Column of the la&s;t Table, by the Number of People re&s;pectively af|fixed to them, in the third Column of the &s;ame Table; the &s;aid Sum being di|vided by Forty (One dying out of Forty <HI>per Annum,</HI> out of the whole Ma&s;s of Man|kind) which Quotient is Twelve Thou|&s;and Five Hundred and Seventy Millions; whereunto may be added, for tho&s;e that died before the <HI>Flood,</HI> enough to make the la&s;t mentioned Number Twenty Thou&s;and Millions, as the full Number of all that died, from the beginning of the World, to the Year 1682; unto which, if Three Hundred and Twenty Millions, the Num|ber of tho&s;e who are now alive, be added, the total of the Quick and the Dead will amount but to One Fifth Part of the Graves, which the &s;urface of <HI>Ireland</HI> will
<PB N="43" REF="23">afford, without ever putting two Bodies into one Grave; for there be in <HI>Ireland</HI> Twenty Eight Thou&s;and &s;quare <HI>Engli&s;h</HI> Miles, each whereof will afford about Four Millions of Graves, and con&s;equently a|bove One Hundred and Fourteen Thou|&s;and Millions of Graves, <HI>viz.</HI> about Five times the Number of the Quick and the Dead, which &s;hould ari&s;e at the la&s;t Day, in ca&s;e the &s;ame had been in the Year 1682.</ITEM>
<ITEM N="3">3. Now, if there may be place for five times as many Graves in <HI>Ireland,</HI> as are &s;ufficient for all that ever died; and if the Earth of one Grave weigh five times as much as the Body interred therein, then a Turf, le&s;s than a Foot thick, pared off from a fifth part of the &s;urface of <HI>Ire|land,</HI> will be equivalent in bulk and weight to all the Bodies that ever were Buried; and may &s;erve as well for that purpo&s;e, as the Two Mountains afore-mentioned in the Body of this Di&s;cour&s;e. From all which it is plain, how madly they were mi&s;taken, who did &s;o petulantly vilifie what the <HI>Holy Scriptures</HI> have delivered.</ITEM>
</LIST></P>
<TRAILER>FINIS.</TRAILER>
<PB REF="24">
</DIV1>
</BACK>
</TEXT>
</EEBO>
</ETS>
