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<DATE>2013-11-05</DATE>
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<NAME>Olivia Bottum</NAME>
<RESP>MURP</RESP>
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<VID>181245</VID>
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<TEXT LANG="eng">
<FRONT>
<DIV1 TYPE="title page">
<PB REF="1" MS="y">
<PB REF="1" MS="y">
<P>THE ART OF VVAR, <HI>AND</HI> ENGLANDS TRAYNINGS; PLAINELY Demon&s;trating the dutie of a priuate SOVLDIER; <HI>with the Office of each &s;euerall</HI> Of|ficer belonging to a Foot-company: and the Martiall lawes of the field.</P>
<P>As ALSO, <HI>The office and charge belonging to the</HI> com|mand of a <HI>Colonell;</HI> the Exerci&s;e of trayning or drilling: With diuers other nece&s;&s;ary and pro|fitable di&s;ciplined NOTES and Ob&s;eruations.</P>
<P>BY EDW. DAVIES <HI>Gentleman.</HI></P>
<P>LONDON Printed by EDWARD GRIFFIN, dwelling in the <HI>Little-Olde-Baily</HI> neere the &s;igne of the <HI>Kings-head.</HI> 1619.</P>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 TYPE="dedication">
<PB REF="2">
<PB REF="2">
<HEAD>TO THE HIGH AND MIGHTY CHARLES, ONELY SONNE OF HIS MAIESTY, Prince of WALES, Duke of CORNEWALL, YORKE, ALBANIE, and ROTHSAY, Marqui&s;e of ORMONT, Earle of CHESTER and ROSS, Lord of ADMANOCH, and Knight of <HI>the mo&s;t noble Order of the GARTER.</HI></HEAD>
<P>_THE ample and de&s;erued com|mendation (which Fame hath blazed ouer all this Kingdom, and more and more &s;hall to your eternall memory) of the ardent zeale that your High|ne&s;&s;e hath vnto Military Di&s;cipline, and the vertuou&s;ly di&s;po&s;ed, and of your en|couragement of them, hath among&s;t many hearts truely deuoted to your Highne&s;&s;e in all
<PB REF="3"> &s;ubmi&s;&s;iue humilitie, incen&s;ed and animated mine (though mo&s;t vnworthy) to pre&s;ent, offer, and dedicate vnto your Highne&s;&s;e, this rude, and vnpoli&s;hed Pamphlet, treating and de|mon&s;trating the path-way to the youths, and the many vnexpert traine-men of this King|dome, to lead them to the marke, which is to become perfit and ab&s;olute Souldiers. Who (hauing reaped a large harue&s;t of peace vnder the mo&s;t peacefull Monarch in Europe, your mo&s;t renowmed Father) are very raw and al|together ignorant in mo&s;t points of Militarie Exerci&s;e. My long continuance in the warres hath by experience gathered, that it is very ne|ce&s;&s;arie and requi&s;ite, in the Summer of Peace, to foreca&s;t and prouide again&s;t the Winter of Warres. <HI>Mars</HI> hath long time &s;lumbered, and as <HI>Io&s;ua</HI> commanded the Sunne to &s;tand firme, &s;o our Royall <HI>Io&s;ua,</HI> our Soueraigne King IAMES (whom God protect from outward and dome&s;ticall inua&s;ions) with his glorious beames appearing and entring the Confines of this Kingdome hath di&s;per&s;ed the clouds, as well of forreine, as home-bred broyles and di&s;&s;entions, and e&s;tabli&s;hed our peace like Mount Sion: Yet tho <HI>Mars</HI> be fettered, I hold
<PB REF="3"> it (vnder your Highne&s;&s;e correction) both conuenient, and agreable with the policie of other Nations, that this Common-weale be euer in a readine&s;&s;e to preuent accidentall, and en&s;uing dangers, lea&s;t (wallowing too long in the cradle of Securitie, and <HI>Mars</HI> on a &s;uddaine awaking, and &s;ounding in our eares vnexpected Alarmes) it buy Repentance at too deare a rate. And to regi&s;ter the &s;ame in the Tablets of my Country-mens hearts, and for their good, I haue compiled and collected the ob&s;eruations and directions in this Booke following; the which I humbly de&s;ire may be re&s;pected by your Highne&s;&s;e, not according to the merit of the action, or matter it &s;elfe, but according to the intent and affection of the Agent and De|dicator; and that your Highne&s;&s;e will imitate herein that great Patron and Patterne of humi|litie, who made more account of the poore wi|dowes mite, than of the &s;uperfluitie and abun|dant trea&s;ure of the rich. And thus with my vnce&s;&s;ant prayers to the Almighty, the Lord of Ho&s;tes, that your Highne&s;&s;e may daily more and more grow in the fauour of God and Men, and in the practi&s;e of all vertuous, pious, and valorous actions, to the aduancement of Reli|gion,
<PB REF="4"> the vanqui&s;hing of your enemies, and the good of this Common-wealth; crauing pardon for my boldne&s;s, I humbly take my leaue, and euer re&s;t with my be&s;t endeuors,</P>
<CLOSER><SIGNED><HI>At your Highne&s;&s;e &s;eruice and commandment,</HI> Edward Dauies.</SIGNED></CLOSER>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 TYPE="to the reader">
<PB REF="4">
<HEAD>To the READER.</HEAD>
<P>_THe exerci&s;e of training hath beene much neg|lected, and chiefly in the Marches of <HI>Wales,</HI> till now of late that it hath plea&s;ed God, and the Kings grace, to &s;end vs that thrice wor|thy Earle of <HI>North-hampton,</HI> Lord Pre&s;i|dent, e&s;tabli&s;hed in the principality of his Ma|ie&s;ties Councell in the Marches of <HI>Wales</HI> &amp;c. For it hath plea&s;ed his Excellencie in times conuenient to call together the Traine-men; and his Lord&s;hip was honourably, and dutiful|ly entertained, and conueied from Shire to Shire by his Lord|&s;hips Lieutenants of the Shire; and al&s;o all the Knights and be&s;t Gentlemen in the Countrey. The Military men being a&s;|&s;embled together, it plea&s;ed his Lord&s;hip to take great paines in ordering, directing, and exerci&s;ing both Hor&s;e and Foote mo&s;t brauely to behold; and his Lord&s;hippe taking &s;peciall view both of Hor&s;e and Foote, where his Lord&s;hip apprehen|ding debilitie and error to be committed amongst them, his Lord&s;hip giueth the Captaines a &s;treight charge, by no meanes, not to neglect their exerci&s;e of training vnder paine, &amp;c.</P>
<P>Likewi&s;e, to make it more apparant to the view of the world of his Lo: affection towards the exerci&s;e of Marciall di&s;ci|pline, his Lo: hath now of late called together, not only his Lo: owne Gentlemen, but al&s;o all the Clarkes belonging to the Councell in the Marches of <HI>Wales;</HI> and his Lord&s;hip being well prouided of an able Leader, which is one of his Lo: Gentle|men, who in times conuenient doth exerci&s;e the &s;aid Company.</P>
<PB REF="5">
<P>Moreouer, I ought not to omit to relate his Honours due commendations, as al&s;o his &s;peciall care of the <HI>KINGS</HI> Maie&s;ties &s;eruice, to maintaine not onely all Mar|tiall di&s;cipline, but al&s;o to lead his Ho: Succe&s;&s;ors to the marke of an honourable &s;ubiect; and to performe the &s;ame his Lord&s;hip is alwaies prouided of <HI>18.</HI> goodly and braue young Hor&s;es, the which are daily trained in all points of warre (at <HI>Luddlow</HI> Ca&s;tle-yard) by one of his Gent: of the Hor&s;e, who is an expert and &s;ufficient Rider, &amp;c.</P>
<P>Al&s;o it is my part to &s;ay &s;omewhat herein of the worthy Rulers, and Gouernours of the <HI>Low-countries</HI> the &s;choole of Warre; his Excellencie <HI>Graue Mauris</HI> hath inuented and &s;et out diuers Po&s;tures belonging to the orders both of Pike and Musket, very nece&s;&s;ary and profitable for the exerci&s;e of armes, the which are maintained and practi&s;ed by the thrice worthy Commanders, Coronell <HI>Ci&s;&s;ell,</HI> and Coronell <HI>Veare;</HI> and is directly followed by all other valiant Leaders: the which Po&s;tures and Orders are practi&s;ed in the Artillery-yard, and al&s;o in the Military-yard, by worthy Captaines, well experienced in the Martiall di&s;cipline, and al&s;o they are well prouided of &s;ufficient Officers.</P>
<P><HI>There came a little Pamphlet to my hands wherin I found, and made v&s;e of certaine Orders of the exer|ci&s;ing Muskettieres: The &s;aid booke was dedicated vnto that worthy Commander Coronell CISSELL, who did much practi&s;e the &s;aid Orders:</HI> Viz. <HI>al&s;o that the &s;aid vo|lume was &s;et out by that worthy Leader Captaine WAIMOVTH, who is worthy of great commendati|ons, for his good worke.</HI></P>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 TYPE="table of contents">
<PB REF="5">
<DIV2 N="1" TYPE="book">
<HEAD>The Contents of the fir&s;t Booke.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM><MILESTONE N="1" UNIT="Chap."> WHat is required, and nece&s;&s;arie to be ob&s;erued in a priuate Souldier. <HI>Fol. 1.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><MILESTONE N="2" UNIT="Chap."> The office which appertaines to a Corporall, Cape de Squa|dre, Di&s;nier, or chiefe of Chamber. <HI>fol. 32.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><MILESTONE N="3" UNIT="Chap."> Six points appertaining to Souldiers of all &s;orts. <HI>fol. 41.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><MILESTONE N="4" UNIT="Chap."> How a Souldier may maintaine obedience, and keepe him|&s;elfe in the fauour and good grace of his Captaine. <HI>fol. 44.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><MILESTONE N="5" UNIT="Chap."> Martiall and military lawes, whereunto Souldiers of all de|grees mu&s;t be &s;worne, to keepe and maintaine inuiolated at all times and in all places, whether they &s;erue Emperour, King, or Prince. <HI>fol. 60.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><MILESTONE N="6" UNIT="Chap."> Briefe Notes of other meane Offices, as Drummes, Fifes, Surgeons, and the Clarke of the band. <HI>fol. 71.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><MILESTONE N="7" UNIT="Chap."> The Prelates charge that takes care of the Souldiers. <HI>fol. 73.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><MILESTONE N="8" UNIT="Chap."> How Pikes are to be caried in aray, march or battail. <HI>fol. 75.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 N="2" TYPE="book">
<HEAD>The Contents of the &s;econd Booke.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM><MILESTONE N="1" UNIT="Chap."> THe office of the Sergeant of the Band. <HI>fol. 78.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><MILESTONE N="2" UNIT="Chap."> The office of an Alfierus, or En&s;igne-bearer. <HI>fol. 86.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><MILESTONE N="3" UNIT="Chap."> The office of the Lieutenant of a Company. <HI>fol. 95.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><MILESTONE N="4" UNIT="Chap."> The office and duty that appertaines to Lanze-&s;pezzate, voluntarie Lieutenants, the Gentlemen of a band, or Caual|liers of <HI>Saint Georges</HI> &s;quadrons. <HI>fol. 101.</HI></ITEM>
<PB REF="6">
<ITEM><MILESTONE N="5" UNIT="Chap."> The office of a Captaine which hath the guiding of a band of men. <HI>fol. 110.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><MILESTONE N="6" UNIT="Chap."> The office of a Colonell. <HI>fol. 124.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 N="3" TYPE="book">
<HEAD>The Contents of the third Booke.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM><MILESTONE N="1" UNIT="Chap."> THe arming of a Pike-man: <HI>fol. 134.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>And Muskettiere. <HI>fol. 135.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><MILESTONE N="2" UNIT="Chap."> The office of the Mu&s;ter-ma&s;ter, both nece&s;&s;arie and profi|table, when a Prince or his Generall haue diuers regiments of &s;euerall Nations vnder pay. <HI>fol. 136.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><MILESTONE N="3" UNIT="Chap."> A rule to &s;et Souldiers in aray. <HI>fol. 137.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The di&s;tance to be ob&s;erued betwixt rancke and rancke, man and man, both in marching, and al&s;o in maine battaile. <HI>fol. 139.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How Pikes are to be rai&s;ed vp and aba&s;ed in clo&s;ing and opening of a battaile. <HI>fol. 140.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>How Pikes are to be carried in aray, march, or battaile, with al&s;o their nece&s;&s;ary Notes. <HI>fol. 141.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Certaine words to bee v&s;ed of the Officers that traine. <HI>fol. 147.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</DIV2>
</DIV1>
</FRONT>
<BODY>
<DIV1 N="1" TYPE="book">
<PB REF="6">
<HEAD>THE FIRST BOOKE OF MILITARY Directions: <HI>Jn the which is &s;et out how a good Souldier</HI> DISNIER and CORPORALL, ought to behaue them&s;elues in <HI>Warres:</HI> Together with the Martiall lawes of the <HI>Field;</HI> And other nece&s;&s;ary <HI>Notes</HI> and <HI>Offices.</HI></HEAD>
<DIV2 N="1" TYPE="chapter">
<HEAD><HI>CHAP. I.</HI> And fir&s;t what is to be required, and nece&s;&s;arie to be ob&s;erued in a priuate <HI>SOVLDIER.</HI></HEAD>
<P>_THE plat-forme of a Fortre&s;&s;e, by how much more it is planted vpon a &s;ure foundation, by &s;o much more it is participant of a firme and forci|ble perfection: which rea&s;on duly con&s;idered it ought to lead euery man &s;o to rule him&s;elfe in all his af|faires, as he may be both apt to receiue, and able to per|forme all vertuous and valorous actions. Therefor he
<PB N="2" REF="7"> that de&s;ires to become a Souldier of a&s;&s;ured good qua|litie, to the intent he may be able to per&s;euer in each en|terpri&s;e, beare out euery brunt &s;toutly, and &s;erue &s;uffi|ciently, he ought to haue a &s;trong body, &s;ound, free from &s;ickne&s;&s;e, and of a good complexion: So &s;hall he be able to re&s;i&s;t the continuall toile and trauell, which of nece&s;&s;i|tie he mu&s;t daily take, as continuall and extreame cold in the winter, immoderate heate in the &s;ummer, in march|ing in the day, keeping &s;entinell in the night, and in his cold cabben, in &s;ecret ambu&s;hes, and in trenches, where perchance he &s;hall &s;tand a number of houres in the wa|ter and mire vp to the knees: and be&s;ides vpon bul|warkes, breaches in e&s;pialls, in &s;entinels, perdues, and &s;uch like, when occa&s;ion requires and nece&s;&s;itie con|&s;traines: of all which exploites and di&s;commodities hee mu&s;t perforce be partaker.</P>
<P>Wherefore that man which is not of &s;uch &s;ufficiencie in body (to the end he &s;pend not his time in vaine) it is very requi&s;ite he re&s;olue him&s;elfe to exerci&s;e &s;ome other profe&s;&s;ion, for although &s;ome doe hold that few men be &s;trong by nature, but many by exerci&s;e and indu&s;trie: yet that notwith&s;tanding &s;trength of body is fir&s;t to be required, in re&s;pect that a Souldier mu&s;t be a&s;well ac|quainted, and as able to beare continuall trauell, as a bird can endure to flie, yea and to put on a re&s;olute minde, to beare all the mi&s;eries and hazardes of warlike affaires. A Souldier is generally to be cho&s;en betwixt 18. and 46. yeares.</P>
<P>Moreouer, I &s;uppo&s;e it mo&s;t nece&s;&s;arie, that euery man according to the nature of his body, and inclined motion of his minde, make election of his armes and weapons, as of pike, halbert, or hargabu&s;e: Neuerthele&s;&s;e re&s;pect
<PB N="3" REF="7"> ought to be had to the proportion of his per&s;on, and to take &s;uch armes as doth be&s;t agree with the &s;ame: to a tall man a pike, to a meane &s;tature a halberd, and to a little nimble per&s;on a peece. But if he preferre his proper di&s;|po&s;ition before the qualitie of his per&s;on, it is very nece&s;|&s;arie he exerci&s;e that weapon he makes choi&s;e of, to the intent he may attaine vnto a mo&s;t perfect practi&s;e of the &s;ame, for as no man at the fir&s;t time when he takes any toole or in&s;trument in his hand, growes immediately at that in&s;tant to be a perfect artificer: euen &s;o it is with a Souldier, vntill experience hath in&s;tructed him: touching which I meane to &s;ay &s;omewhat.</P>
<P>He which &s;eekes to attaine and attribute to him&s;elfe the honourable name of a Souldier, mu&s;t fir&s;t employ his time in practi&s;e of tho&s;e armes wherewith he meanes to &s;erue, and &s;o apply his time, that when any enterpri&s;e &s;hall call him forth to make proofe thereof, he may be a|ble to handle his peece with due dexterity, and his pike with an a&s;&s;ured agilitie: &s;ince tho&s;e be the weapons wher|with now <HI>Mars</HI> doth mo&s;t commonly arme his warlike troupe, and trie each doubtfull fight of bloudy battaile: for in this our age experience and practi&s;e makes appa|rant that Archers among&s;t forreine Nations be neuer v|&s;ed, and the halberd but either among&s;t few or few in number. The Archer &s;erues to &s;mall purpo&s;e, but when he is &s;hadowed with &s;ome trench or bulwarke free from hargabu&s;e or musket-&s;hot: Or that lyning a band of Hargabu&s;iers, hee doth &s;econd them in any inuading on&s;et, and then a whole flight of arrowes, &s;o that they be light and able to flie aboue twelue&s;core, will maruellou&s;|ly gaule any maine battell of footemen or Squadron of Hor&s;emen. The Halberd likewi&s;e doth onely &s;erue in
<PB N="4" REF="8"> the &s;acke of a towne, in a breach, in a &s;ally, or canui&s;ado, to enter a hou&s;e, or in the throng of a &s;troken battell to execute &s;laughter; wherefore touching the&s;e two wea|pons, vnle&s;&s;e nece&s;&s;itie con&s;traine, and that Hargabu&s;iers be wanting, Archers may well be &s;pared: and the&s;e great numbers of Halberdiers and Bill-men, which are and haue beene in times pa&s;t v&s;ed in <HI>England,</HI> may well be left off, &s;aue a few to guard euery En&s;igne, and to attend vpon the Colonell, or Captaine, which in an armie will amount to a &s;ufficient number to depre&s;&s;e the ouercome and flying enemy.</P>
<P>Therefore a Souldier mu&s;t either accu&s;tome him&s;elfe to beare a peece or Pike: if he beare a peece, then mu&s;t he fir&s;t learne to hold the &s;ame, to accommodate his match betweene his two formo&s;t fingers and his thombe, and to plant the great end on his brea&s;t with a gallant Souldier-like grace: and being ignorant, to the intent he may bee more encouraged, let him acquaint him&s;elfe fir&s;t with the firing of touch-pouder in his panne, and &s;o by degrees both to &s;hoote off, to bow and beare vp his body, and &s;o con&s;equently to attaine to the leuell and practi&s;e of an a&s;&s;ured and &s;eruiceable &s;hot, readily charge, and with a comely couch di&s;charge, making choi&s;e at the &s;ame in|&s;tant of his marke with a quicke and vigilant eie.</P>
<P>His flaske and touch-box mu&s;t keepe his pouder, his pur&s;e and mouth his bullets: in skirmi&s;h his left hand mu&s;t hold his match and peece, and the right hand v&s;e the office of charging and di&s;charging.</P>
<P>Being again&s;t the enemie, whil&s;t with an indented cour&s;e he doth trauell his plaine ground, or el&s;e takes ad|uantage of his place and inua&s;ion, as vnder the &s;afegard of a trench, the backe of a ditch, old-wall, tree or &s;uch
<PB N="5" REF="8"> like: let him euer fir&s;t load his peece with pouder out of his flaske, then with her bullet, and la&s;t with amuring, and touch-pouder, fore&s;eeing euer that the panne bee cleane, the couer clo&s;e, and the tutch-hole wide, or el&s;e well proind: &s;o that &s;till ob&s;eruing mode&s;t order in his trauer&s;e, neither ouer&s;low, nor ouer-&s;peedy, to the en|tent he become not each mans marke through his &s;lug|gi&s;hne&s;&s;e, nor runne him&s;elfe out of breath through his owne ra&s;hne&s;&s;e, for the mo&s;t part keeping his &s;ide to|wards his enemie: let him di&s;charge going, but neuer &s;tanding: &s;o &s;hall he the better &s;hunne the enemies &s;hot and chu&s;e his a&s;&s;ured aduantage.</P>
<P>A &s;ouldier ought to be carefull that his furniture bee good, &s;ub&s;tantiall and &s;taunch from raine, the charge of his flaske iu&s;t for his peece, and the &s;pring quicke and &s;harpe: The pipe of his touch-box &s;omewhat wide, that the pouder may haue free pa&s;&s;age, which otherwi&s;e would choake vp.</P>
<P>In time of marching, and trauelling by the way let him keepe a paper in the panne and tutch-hole, and in wet weather haue a ca&s;e for his peece &s;omewhat portable, or el&s;e of nece&s;&s;itie he mu&s;t keepe the &s;ame from wet vn|der his arme-hole or ca&s;&s;ocke, or by &s;ome other inuenti|on free from damage of the weather, and his match in his pocket, onely that except which he burnes: and that like|wi&s;e &s;o clo&s;e in the hollow of his hand, or &s;ome artificiall pipe of pewter hanging at his girdle, as the coale by wet or water go not out.</P>
<P>It is moreouer requi&s;ite, that a &s;ouldier keepe his cocke with oyle free in falling, and his peece bright without ru&s;ting, neither mu&s;t he want his nece&s;&s;arie tooles, as a &s;cowrer, tirebale and worme, hauing euery one a vice to
<PB N="6" REF="9"> turne into the end of the &s;couring &s;ticke, &s;o that if through wet weather or any other accident, his peece will not be di&s;charged, the skilfull Souldier may with his tireball pull out his bullet, with the worme, the paper and wet pou|der, and with his &s;courer make his peece cleane within: His &s;courer mu&s;t be trimmed on the end with a linnen-cloth of a &s;ufficient &s;ub&s;tance, therewith to make cleane the cannon of his peece within. The one end of his &s;cou|ring &s;ticke ought to haue a round end of bone of iu&s;t big|ne&s;&s;e with the mouth of his peece, therewithall at his plea&s;ure to ramme in pouder and paper, or in &s;teed of pa|per, &s;uch &s;oft haire as they &s;tuffe &s;addles withall, the dan|ger whereof is not like: but this the Souldier mu&s;t v&s;e when time permits. During the time of his &s;eruice let him euer haue a diligent care to keepe his peece cleane and bright within, and once a fortnight, or at the lea&s;t once a month take out the breech and throroughly view and wa&s;h the barrell within, to &s;ee whether it hath any flawes, brackes, chambers, frettings, or ruptures, which would endanger the breaking thereof, e&s;pecially if before hand the end of his bare &s;courer haue giuen him any cau&s;e to &s;u&s;pect &s;uch faults, to the intent he may change the &s;ame for a new for feare of &s;poiling him&s;elfe.</P>
<P>He that loues the &s;aftie of his owne per&s;on, and de|lights in the goodne&s;&s;e and beauty of a peece, let him al|waies make choi&s;e of one that is double breeched, and if it be po&s;&s;ible a myllan peece, for they be of a tough and perfect temper, light, &s;quare, and bigge of breech, and very &s;trong where the pouder doth lie, and where the vio|lent force of the fire doth con&s;i&s;t, and notwith&s;tanding thinne at the end.</P>
<P>Our Engli&s;h peeces approach very neere vnto them
<PB N="7" REF="9"> in goodne&s;&s;e and beautie (their heauine&s;&s;e only excep|ted) &s;o that they be made of purpo&s;e, and not one of the&s;e common &s;ale peeces with round barrells, whereun|to a beaten &s;ouldier will haue great re&s;pect, and choo&s;e rather to pay double money for a good peece, then to &s;pare his pur&s;e and endanger him&s;elfe.</P>
<P>But to returne to my matter, let a &s;ouldier haue hang|ing euer at the &s;trings of his tutch-box, or &s;ome other rea|die part of his garment, a couple of proyning pinnes at the lea&s;t, that if by fortune the tutch-hole of his peece be &s;topped or furred vp, hee may therewith both make his pan cleane, and yeeld a ready pa&s;&s;age that the fire may haue her cour&s;e, by incorporating both the tutch-pouder without, and the corne-pouder within together. But a ready Souldier will alwaies fore-&s;ee that the tutch hole be &s;o wide, as the pouder without in the pan may haue free concour&s;e to that within the peece, thereby to ha&s;ten more &s;peedy di&s;charge, con&s;idering a &s;ouldier cannot haue lea&s;ure and commoditie to proine his peece at all times, but mu&s;t of nece&s;&s;itie v&s;e a great dexterity.</P>
<P>But &s;ince I am falne into the &s;peech of a quicke charge, and nimble di&s;charge, I will by the way declare the opini|on of certaine nations therein.</P>
<P>Experience of late daies hath taught vs, that tho&s;e Nations which follow the warres, inuent euery way how they may endomage the enemie in all their enterpri&s;es, but e&s;pecially in skirmi&s;h, which for the mo&s;t part con|&s;i&s;ts in &s;hot, and by &s;uch as can with the eye of his minde make an a&s;&s;ured leuell, and with a nimble di&s;charge, both choo&s;e out and kill his enemie.</P>
<P>And therefore tho&s;e &s;ouldiers which in our time haue beene for the mo&s;t part leuied in the Low-countries,
<PB N="8" REF="10"> e&s;pecially, tho&s;e of <HI>Artoyes</HI> and <HI>Henault,</HI> called by the ge|nerall name of <HI>Wallownes</HI> haue v&s;ed to hang about their neckes, vpon a baudricke or border, or at their girdles certaine pipes which they call charges, of copper and tin made with couers, which they thinke in skirmi&s;h to bee the mo&s;t readie way. But the <HI>Spaniard</HI> di&s;pi&s;ing that order, doth altogether v&s;e his flaske.</P>
<P>The <HI>French-man,</HI> both charge and flaske. But &s;ome of our <HI>Engli&s;h-nation,</HI> their pocket, which in re&s;pect of the danger of the &s;parkes of their match, the vncertaine charge, the expence and &s;poile of pouder, the di&s;com|moditie of wet, I account more apt for the &s;how of a triumph and wanton skirmi&s;h before Ladies and Gentle|women, then fit for the field, in a day of &s;eruice in the face of the enemy: and in like &s;ort the charge which either doth &s;hed and loo&s;e his pouder whil&s;t a Souldier doth trauer&s;e his ground, or el&s;e is &s;o cloddered and rammed together, that he &s;hall be forced &s;ometimes to faile of halfe his charge. Therefore I conclude with the <HI>Spaniard,</HI> that a good flaske is that which is mo&s;t warlike and ready in &s;eruice without the curious helpe of any extraordinary inuention.</P>
<P>One of the greate&s;t helpes con&s;i&s;ts in pouder and match: for a Souldier mu&s;t euer buy his pouder &s;harpe in ta&s;te, well incorporate with &s;alt-peter, and not full of coole-du&s;t. Let him accu&s;tome to drie his pouder if hee can in the &s;unne, fir&s;t &s;prinkled ouer with <HI>Aqua-vitae</HI> or &s;trong Claret-wine &amp;c. Let him make his tutch-pouder, being finely &s;ar&s;ed and &s;ifted, with quick-pale, which is to be bought at the Pouder-makers or Apothecaries: and let his match be &s;o boiled in a&s;hes, lye and pouder, that it will both burne well, carrie a long coale, and that will
<PB N="9" REF="10"> not breake off with the touch of your finger. The prepa|rations will at the fir&s;t touch giue fire, and procure a vio|lent, &s;peedy, and thundering di&s;charge. Some v&s;e brim|&s;tone finely poudered in their tutch-pouder, but that furs and &s;tops vp your breech and tutch-hole.</P>
<P>The bullet of a &s;ouldiers peece mu&s;t be of a iu&s;t big|ne&s;&s;e with the mouth of the &s;ame, &s;o that falling in &s;moothly, it may driue downe, and clo&s;e vp the mouth of the pouder. Some contrary to the lawes of the field v&s;e chaine-&s;hot, and quarter-&s;hot, which is good in the defence of a breach, to keepe a fortre&s;&s;e, or vpon &s;hip|board: but being daily v&s;ed, it will gaule a peece within, and put it in hazard to breake, &s;pecially in a long skirmi&s;h when the barrell is hot.</P>
<P>Note that after his peece is very hoate, let the Soul|dier if he can, giue &s;omewhat a le&s;&s;e charge for feare of bur&s;ting his peece, vnle&s;&s;e he haue good triall thereof. If the &s;tocke of his peece be crooked, he ought to place the end iu&s;t before aboue his left pappe: if long and &s;traight, as the <HI>Spaniards</HI> v&s;e them, then vpon the point of his right &s;houlder, v&s;ing a &s;tately vpright pace in di&s;charge.</P>
<P>It is not in vaine to aduerti&s;e him, that in skirmi&s;h hee mu&s;t hold his peece betwixt his thombe and the ends of his fingers, which I account a &s;ure meane, betwixt gri|ping of the barrell, and laying the &s;ame onely vpon his foremo&s;t finger and thombe, for the one is ouer dange|rous, and the other altogether vn&s;teedy.</P>
<P>I iudge it likewi&s;e mo&s;t conuenient for him, to take hold of his peece with his left hand in that part of the wood (wherein the barrell lies) there as the peece is of mo&s;t equall ballance. Although &s;ome accu&s;tome them|&s;elues to hold it iu&s;t vnder the cocke, by rea&s;on whereof
<PB N="10" REF="11"> he &s;hall be enforced to change his hand if he charge out of a flaske, into the mid&s;t of the peece, to bring downe the mouth to his flaske which is great delay and hinde|rance in skirmi&s;h. So to conclude, he that meanes to be accompted a forward and perfect good &s;hot, by continu|all exerci&s;e mu&s;t be &s;o ready, that in all particular points touching his peece, pouder, match, bullets, and the v&s;e of them, that he neither be to &s;eeke, nor grow amazed in the furious rage of <HI>Bellonas</HI> fiery skirmi&s;hes, her &s;ud|daine &s;urpri&s;es, and bloody &s;laughter of dangerous a&s;|&s;aults of cruell battailes.</P>
<P>The Musket is to be v&s;ed in all re&s;pects like vnto the Hargabu&s;e, &s;aue that in re&s;pect he carries a double bul|let, and is much more weightie. He v&s;eth a &s;taffe brea&s;t-high, in the one end a pike to pitch in the ground, and in the other an iron forke to re&s;t his peece vpon, and a hoale a little beneath the &s;ame in the &s;taffe: whereunto he doth adde a &s;tring, which tied and wrapped about his wre&s;t, yeelds him commodity to traine his forke or &s;taffe after him whil&s;t he in skirmi&s;h doth charge his Musket afre&s;h with pouder and bullet.</P>
<P>Now to &s;peake &s;omewhat of a Pike-mans charge, a few words &s;hall &s;uffice, becau&s;e I will not be ouer-tedi|ous. Let him learne to to&s;&s;e his pike, couch and cro&s;&s;e the &s;ame, to receiue the violent charge of Hor&s;e-men, to front the furious &s;hocke of foote-men, and be able to furni&s;h out his fight both a farre-off and neere hand: Which Notes with the like will be &s;ufficient, by rea&s;on that he is for the mo&s;t part put to &s;tand in a maine and &s;quare-battaile. Both the Hargabu&s;ier and Pike-man mu&s;t weare a &s;hort rapier and a &s;mall poinado: for if in the midde&s;t of Encounters and Skirmi&s;hes, they be dri|uen
<PB N="11" REF="11"> to v&s;e them, their length is an occa&s;ion they cannot be drawne, vnle&s;&s;e he abandon his peece or pike, where|by he &s;hall either loo&s;e his pike, or want his rapier, which at the Sera and clo&s;e is very nece&s;&s;arie both for defence and offence: contrary to the carele&s;&s;e cu&s;tome of &s;ome, whom I haue &s;eene come into the field without rapier or dagger, which was an a&s;&s;ured argument, that their heeles &s;hould be their target, and their &s;hamefull flight their &s;afety, when their pouder was &s;pent.</P>
<P>Now as the&s;e carele&s;&s;e per&s;ons farre mi&s;&s;e the marke with ouer great &s;ecuritie, &s;o &s;ome bring in a cu&s;tome of too much curio&s;itie in arming Hargabu&s;iers, for be&s;ides a peece, flaske, tutch-box, rapier and dagger: they loade them with a heauie &s;hirt of male, and a Burganet: &s;o that by that time they haue marched in the heat of the &s;om|mer or deepe of the winter ten or twelue Engli&s;h-miles, they are more apt to re&s;t, then ready to fight, whereby it comes to pa&s;&s;e that either the enterpri&s;e they go about, which requires celerity, &s;hall become fru&s;trate by rea&s;on of the &s;tay they make in refre&s;hing them&s;elues, or el&s;e they are in danger to be repul&s;ed for want of lu&s;tine&s;&s;e, breath, and agilitie.</P>
<P>Wherefore in mine opinion it is not nece&s;&s;arie, that this extraordinarie arming of &s;hot &s;hould be v&s;ed, but in &s;urpri&s;es of Townes, E&s;calades, and a&s;&s;aults of breaches, to defend the Souldiers heads from &s;tones, and &s;uch &s;tuffe as they be&s;ieged haue prepared to driue them from their enterpri&s;e: Or el&s;e in &s;ome &s;peciall &s;et battaile again&s;t the cut and thru&s;t of weapons: which exploits, for that they be not &s;o ordinary as is the skirmi&s;h, &s;o are the&s;e armes nothing &s;o nece&s;&s;arie, but rather a burthen more beauti|full then beneficiall, and of greater charge then commo|ditie;
<PB N="12" REF="12"> &s;pecially a &s;hirt of male, which is very dangerous, for &s;hot, if a number of tho&s;e &s;mall peeces &s;hould bee driuen into a mans body by a bullet.</P>
<P>The furniture due to a Pike-man be&s;ides his pike, ra|pier and dagger, con&s;i&s;ting of a common cor&s;elet, hauing a coller, curiat, ta&s;es, back-part, poldrowes, wambra&s;&s;es, and burganets for the head, for that they be &s;ufficiently knowne, becau&s;e I will not be ouer prolixe vpon euery particular point, I will onely &s;ay thus much more touch|ing the Pike-man, that he ought to haue his pike at the point and midde&s;t trimmed with hand&s;ome ta&s;&s;els, and a handle, not &s;o much for ornament as to defend the Souldiers body from water, which in raine doth runne downe along&s;t the wood.</P>
<P>Euery Souldier ought to carry his Hargabu&s;e, Pike or Halberd, vpon that &s;houlder and &s;ide, which is outward in ranke, for that &s;ide which is di&s;couered inward is more defended by the generall order that is kept, then any of the other. Which order of carrying armes, is not onely ready and commodious to v&s;e at all occa&s;ions, but al&s;o doth make a gallant &s;hew, and a generall forme of good proportion, and true pro&s;pect: a thing mo&s;t nece&s;&s;arie for a man of valour to v&s;e in all his doings.</P>
<P>He ought likewi&s;e euer to haue good regard to weare his weapon of like length the other Souldiers v&s;e, which in marching doth make the rankes to be of one iu&s;t line, and in &s;hew of a &s;eemely and &s;treight proportion, cau&s;ing the whole band to carry a braue and &s;ingular grace.</P>
<P>A Souldier ought euer to retaine and keepe his armes in &s;aftie and forth comming, for he is more to be dete&s;ted then a Coward, that will loo&s;e or play away any part thereof, or refu&s;e it for his ea&s;e, or to auoide paines:
<PB N="13" REF="12"> Wherefore &s;uch a one is to be di&s;mi&s;&s;ed with puni&s;h|ment, or made &s;ome abiect Pioner. Therefore during his &s;eruice and after his returne home, let him &s;till bee wedded to his weapons and armour, that when he is cal|led vpon againe to &s;erue his Prince, he be not enforced to furni&s;h him&s;elfe againe with new Armes, &s;ometimes old, of little value, and le&s;&s;e goodne&s;&s;e: as &s;ome &s;ouldiers now adaies to their great di&s;commendation doe v&s;e. A cu&s;tome altogether different from the true exerci&s;e of armes, and varying from the rule of other warlike-nati|ons, which make true profe&s;&s;ion of armes: among&s;t the which the <HI>Spaniards</HI> and <HI>Zuitzers</HI> at this day are to bee commended; the one for ob&s;eruing an apt, &s;umptuous, and warlike choi&s;e therein, and the other for that they beare all &s;orts of armes with great aduantage, both in length and &s;trength, the which vnto them becomes very familiar through the abilitie of body they po&s;&s;e&s;&s;e.</P>
<P>Tho&s;e Souldiers which cannot endure the toile and trauell to beare armes of defence, namely the Pikeman and Halberdier are made &s;ubiect to receiue both blowes and death by the hands of their enemies, or through their di&s;aduantage to take a &s;hamefull flight, or at the fir&s;t encounter to remaine their pri&s;oners.</P>
<P>Therefore it is very nece&s;&s;arie for a Souldier to take paines in daily practi&s;e, &amp; to acquaint him&s;elfe through|ly in the exerci&s;e and carriage of armes, whereof hee ought to v&s;e practi&s;e, &s;pecially of tho&s;e that be offen&s;iue, and in tho&s;e which ordinarily we are accu&s;tomed to car|rie, as the Rapier, and Dagger, Pike, and Halberd and &s;uch like, without making open and apparent profe&s;&s;ion of the practi&s;e thereof, but &s;ecret and &s;euerall from the wide &s;ight of the world, that afterwards he may put the
<PB N="14" REF="13"> &s;ame in practi&s;e to his greater aduantage and commen|dation.</P>
<P>Finally the Halberdier, who is armed either with bri|gandine or cor&s;let, ought of duty to attend with his hal|berd when his turne comes about his En&s;igne, in march|ing, and &s;et &s;quares, in the Captaines lodging and tent for his guard, and at the entrance of a hou&s;e &amp;c. to be the foremo&s;t per&s;on to force the pa&s;&s;age.</P>
<P>But in a day of battaile the old <HI>Romane</HI> &s;hield and a &s;hort &s;harpe-pointed &s;word, to execute in a throng of men, exceedes the Halberd and browne-bill.</P>
<P>Be&s;ides the Pikeman which is armed all ouer with a cor&s;let, and is to performe his duty in a maine &s;quare, &s;tand, or battaile, to receiue the &s;hocke of hor&s;emen, or charge of the enemies infantery;</P>
<P>There be yet another &s;ort of light-armed Pikes, which onely haue the fore-part of a cor&s;let, and a head-peece, as is the <HI>Almaine</HI> riuet, or good light-iacke, or plate-coate: the&s;e &s;ometimes may be &s;ent among&s;t the forlorne-hope of Hargabu&s;iers, to defend them from the inua&s;ions of Hor&s;e-men.</P>
<P>But touching &s;hot, I would wi&s;h our Nation, being men of &s;trong con&s;titution of body, to beare a Peece be|twixt the boare of a Caliuer and a Musket, the which with &s;mall v&s;e they would be able to weeld very well at the armes end; which would cary a great aduantage in skirmi&s;h: the which like vnto the Hargabu&s;e, they might (as I &s;aid before) exerci&s;e, and with a gallant and a&s;&s;ured rai&s;ing-vp the crooked end of the &s;tocke, to his brea&s;t, hauing before-hand fitted the coale of his match to giue quicke and iu&s;t fire, whereof euer he mu&s;t take the certaine mea&s;ure, mu&s;t then di&s;charge amid&s;t his mo|de&s;t
<PB N="15" REF="13"> trauer&s;e, to his greate&s;t aduantage, and to endomage his enemies: Which done he mu&s;t fir&s;t fold-vp againe the falne match in a ready and conuenient &s;ort betwixt his fingers, hauing both the ends of his match light at once, that whil&s;t the one is &s;pent, and in kindling againe, the o|ther may &s;erue his turne.</P>
<P>Be&s;ides the&s;e fore&s;aid weapons I would not thinke it inconuenient, to haue in a Band certain targets of proofe to march in the front, which were very nece&s;&s;arie to de|fend a ranke of men in a &s;treight-lane, pa&s;&s;age, breach or other place from the enemies &s;hot, they all clo&s;ely and in a low order marching vnder the fauour and &s;hade of them: as in a skirmi&s;h I &s;aw put in practi&s;e, when <HI>Ca&s;si|mire</HI> did march with the STATES armie vnder <HI>Lo|uaine,</HI> 1578.</P>
<P>The Captaine is to &s;et downe by the Generals appoint|ment, the &s;umme of all their paies, and the difference therein, according to euery mans weapon and qualitie. But to &s;peake of other directions and militarie ob&s;erua|tions;</P>
<P>A foot-man that is a Souldier, ought aboue all things to be obedient to his Captaine and officers, and neuer a|bandon his En&s;igne, nor be ab&s;ent from his companie without leaue or &s;peciall let. In his march hee ought to be mode&s;t, ready in his ranke, ob&s;erue a long di&s;tance in his Laumband, and keepe an equall &s;tay in his Alta.</P>
<P>If words of aduerti&s;ement doe pa&s;&s;e ouer from ranke to ranke along&s;t the marching band, let him deliuer tho&s;e words plainely and with diligence, which the Captaine giues ouer to be pronounced from mouth to mouth, as to pa&s;&s;e Parole appertaines.</P>
<P>If the enemie cau&s;e &s;odaine Arme, let his bale en bouche
<PB N="16" REF="14"> and his match in the cocke &s;hew his ready good-will ei|ther to receiue repul&s;e, or giue charge.</P>
<P>If either for plea&s;ure in a mu&s;ter, or in any other &s;hew in &s;port or earne&s;t, his Company be commanded to di&s;|charge certaine volies of &s;hot, or a Salua, he mu&s;t either hold his peece &s;idelong the rankes, whil&s;t he doth pre|pare the &s;ame, or with the end higher then their heades, and di&s;charge ouer the toppes of the formo&s;t rankes, for feare of hurting his Companions: which rule they ought to ob&s;erue, and thereunto be con&s;trained, vpon paine of &s;euere puni&s;hment.</P>
<P>If any enterpri&s;e be made in the night, let him not on|ly keepe his match clo&s;e from open &s;hew, or falling &s;parkes, but be vigilant and keepe &s;ilence, to the intent that through his negligence and noi&s;e their actions be not di&s;couered.</P>
<P>If he keepe Sentinell, and haue the watch-word, let him giue eare diligently to all rumours, noi&s;es, and view warily all &s;u&s;pected places, to the intent if he heare any trampling, neying of hor&s;es, or approaching enemie (which he may the more ea&s;ily heare by making a hole in the ground, and laying his eare to the &s;ame) or that he doth &s;ee the twinkling light of matches, or perceiue any other pre&s;umption of the enemie, hee may either by di&s;|charging his peece, and crying Saint <HI>George,</HI> arme, arme, giue warning to the next Corpes of guard, that the ene|mie doth approach, or el&s;e if his &s;uddaine inua&s;ion re|quire not pre&s;ent aduerti&s;ement, he may deferre the re|port thereof vntill the comming of the next round, vnto whom he mu&s;t from point to point declare what he hath &s;eene and heard.</P>
<P>During the time of his Sentinell, hee ought to keepe
<PB N="17" REF="14"> him&s;elfe very clo&s;e, wakefull, &s;ecret, and without noi&s;e or rumour, his match clo&s;e and &s;ure from &s;eeing, and his peece ready charged, loaden with her bullet, and proind with tutch-pouder.</P>
<P>If the Round or any other Officer come to &s;earch to watch and Sentinels, when he doth fir&s;t heare or &s;ee them approach, let him &s;o &s;oone as he doth perceiue them, de|maund with a loud voice, <HI>Qui va la?</HI> Who goes there? to which when an&s;were is made, Friends, and that they draw neerer, then let him call to them and commaund that all the whole troupe, but onely one with the watch|word, to make pre&s;ent &s;tay, vntill the word be giuen. And if at the &s;ame in&s;tant another Round &s;hould come another way, let him cau&s;e the one of them to pau&s;e and abide &s;till, vntill he haue receiued the word of the other, that thereby he may auoide the inuironing &s;nares of for|raine or priuie enemies, which might by that meanes &s;ur|pri&s;e him.</P>
<P>Therefore in this re&s;pect let him take great care, e&s;pe|cially before a Towne be&s;ieged, or about the circuit of a Campe, and that he alwaies remember to receiue him that giues the word at the end of his peece or pike, and out of danger, hauing his match ready in his Cocke, rea|dy to giue fire, thereby to reward him with a bullet as an enemie, if he giue a wrong word, or entertaine him as a friend if he giue the right: for vnder colour of giuing the word, many Sentinels haue lo&s;t their liues, and &s;uddaine &s;urpri&s;es and canui&s;ados haue beene giuen.</P>
<P>If in the night Arme be giuen in the Campe, he mu&s;t make repaire immediately with his peece and furniture to his En&s;igne, where he &s;hall be employed as occa&s;ion doth offer.</P>
<PB N="18" REF="15">
<P>That he may be the more ready at any &s;uddaine Arme, lying in a towne in Garri&s;on, and being furried and lodg|ed in a hou&s;e, he ought to haue all the night burning in his chamber by him a candle or lampe, or at the lea&s;t his fire &s;o well raked vp as he may light a candle at the coales with a match of brim&s;tone, or otherwi&s;e: that thereby hee may the more &s;peedily not onely finde his armes (which of purpo&s;e he ought to lay readily in an ordina|rie place) but al&s;o be better able to prepare him&s;elfe, and kindle his match with all &s;peede.</P>
<P>Note that a Souldier in Garri&s;on being furried in a hou&s;e, is allowed the be&s;t bed and chamber &s;aue one, faire &s;heetes, board-clothes, plates, napkins, towels, dre&s;&s;ing of his meate, &s;eruice at the table, oile, vineger, &s;alt, mu&s;tard, candle-light, fire, &amp;c.</P>
<P>While&s;t a Souldier is in the Campe, he ought neuer to lie out-of his clothes, his peece ready charged mu&s;t lye by his &s;ide, his furniture at his girdle, which is his flaske, match and tutch-boxe, his rapier very ready, and his poinado likewi&s;e at his girdle, which if they &s;hould be &s;o mon&s;trous daggers, or &s;uch a Cutlers &s;hoppe as our Engli&s;h Fencers are accu&s;tomed to weare, they would be both combrous in cariage, and trouble&s;ome to his Com|panions, and to him&s;elfe, e&s;pecially when they lye in their Cabbins.</P>
<P>A Souldier in Campe mu&s;t make choi&s;e of two or three or more Camerades, &s;uch as for experience, fideli|tie, and conditions, doe be&s;t agree with his nature, that be tried Souldiers and tru&s;tie friends, to the intent that like louing brethren, they may &s;upport one another in all aduer&s;e fortune, and &s;upply each others wants. As for example, hauing marched all day, and comming at night
<PB N="19" REF="15"> to the place where they mu&s;t encampe, one of them choo&s;eth out the drie&s;t and warme&s;t plot of ground he can get in the quarter, which is appointed to his band for lodging place, doth keepe all their Clokes, Armes, and Baggage, while&s;t another makes proui&s;ion with one of their boies, in &s;ome adioyning village (if time and &s;afety from the enemie doth permit) for long &s;traw, both to couer their cabbin, and make their bed of: during the time that an other with a little hatchet (which with a le|ther bottle for drinke, a little kettle to &s;eeth meate in, and a bagge of &s;alt, which are to be borne of the boyes a|mong&s;t other Baggage, and are mo&s;t nece&s;&s;arie things for encamping) doth cut downe forked bowes and long poales to frame and reare vp their cabbin withall, and prouide timber, or firewood, if it be in winter, or when need requires, whil&s;t another doth vi&s;ite vniandiers and victualers (if any follow the campe) for bread, drinke, and other cates, if otherwi&s;e they be not prouided by forrage or picoree, and makes a hole in the earth, where|in hauing made a fire, &s;troken two forked &s;takes at either &s;ide, and hanged his kettle to &s;eath vpon a cudgell of wood vpon the &s;ame, or that for ro&s;t-meate hee makes a &s;pit, wodden gauberds, &amp;c. And whil&s;t thus euery one is occupied about their nece&s;&s;arie occa&s;ions at one in&s;tant, they may in due time make proui&s;ion for all their wants, and by meanes of this league of amitie among&s;t them, enioy a &s;ufficient time to re&s;t their wearied bodies, which otherwi&s;e would be hard to be done.</P>
<P>Therefore I iudge it very requi&s;ite that the whole num|ber vnder the charge of a De&s;nier or cheife of a chamber, &s;hould linke them&s;elues together in perfect friend&s;hippe, and a&s;well in skirmi&s;h and fight aide one another, as in all
<PB N="20" REF="16"> other actions, by which inuincible knot they &s;hould re|ceiue wonderfull commoditie.</P>
<P>It imports much that a Souldier &s;hould be tractable, for a man cannot imagine a thing either more ingenuous or better, then due and conuenient ciuility. Therefore let him accu&s;tome him&s;elfe rather to be of a Saturnine and &s;euere condition then a common Skoffer, and an ordinarie make-&s;port, that he may continue in friend&s;hip with his companions, and continually remaine in their amitie.</P>
<P>Moreouer, he is much to be commended, which aptly with facilitie and great dexterity can be conuer&s;ant with euery one: wherein if a man doe not with great iudge|ment very circum&s;pectly gouerne him&s;elfe, hee &s;hall for the mo&s;t part incurre the euill will of tho&s;e in who&s;e companie hee remaines. The which dealing is of great importance, a&s;well for the intere&s;t of his life, and proper honour and credite, by which meanes the one and the o|ther doth hang in ballance, as al&s;o for that he cannot, be|ing drawne away with debates, apply him&s;elfe diligently to follow the warres and &s;eruice of his Captaine: the which ought to be his chiefe&s;t obiect and end. For di&s;|cord among&s;t men of this Honourable profe&s;&s;ion, doth ha&s;ten, and occa&s;ion very much the de&s;truction of their well doing; and altogether hinder what&s;oeuer they take in hand, by rea&s;on of the &s;u&s;picions, di&s;cordes, de&s;pite, and other re&s;pects which of nece&s;&s;itie are commonly ac|cu&s;tomed to grow and en&s;ue.</P>
<P>Be&s;ides, he mu&s;t be &s;o moderate in &s;pending his wages, that he be not con&s;trained before the mid&s;t of his pay, ei|ther to follow the &s;poile, or borrow of others: whereof &s;pringeth a naughtie reputation and a great di&s;credit: yet
<PB N="21" REF="16"> notwith&s;tanding he mu&s;t not &s;uffer him&s;elfe to be noted for a couetous per&s;on, or as &s;ome &s;ay, the enemie of him|&s;elfe: that is, by &s;paring nigardly, to finde a great want and extremitie in nece&s;&s;arie things appertaining to his ap|parell and victuals, who&s;e expences ought cheifly to be in galant Armor and furniture.</P>
<P>Note that the pay and wages which he receiues of his Captaine and Trea&s;urer, mu&s;t not be taken or thought to &s;erue or &s;upply for any other v&s;e, but to &s;u&s;taine life with victuals, keepe him apparelled, and maintaine his armes. Therefore ought it to be gouerned di&s;creetly and order|ly at all times, in what place &s;oeuer he &s;hall remaine, ei|ther in the campe, ciuill cities, or in his proper hou&s;e, as well to keepe him&s;elfe in health, as cheifly to make appa|rant to his Captaine the noble motion of his minde: So that pricked forward by this &s;purre of honour, and not for any other extraordinarie and ba&s;e occa&s;ion, a good &s;ouldier is continually con&s;trained to win credite, de&s;pi|&s;ing all other dealing which ari&s;eth from hope of com|modity and greedy gaine, the way to make a man e&s;teem|ed to carrie a ba&s;e minde, and almo&s;t not di&s;agreeing from brute brea&s;ts without rea&s;on. For the&s;e priuate Souldiers which &s;eeke by &s;uch meanes as be extraordina|rie, to aduance them&s;elues aboue their proper pay, with|out doubt giue an euill pre&s;age of them&s;elues, and &s;o euill that it &s;hould be better for them to apply their time in &s;ome other &s;ort, as about merchandi&s;e and other occu|pations, rather then follow the honourable exerci&s;e of Armes, which is altogether grounded vpon a noble minde, valiant courage, and extreame trauell of body.</P>
<P>He mu&s;t di&s;po&s;e him&s;elfe to be very diligent in what exerci&s;e or enterpri&s;e &s;oeuer he &s;hall be put vnto, as to
<PB N="22" REF="17"> make Sentinell: wherein it is conuenient, as I haue touched before, that he be very vigilant when it is his lot to be commanded thereunto, that in doing the con|trarie, there &s;ucceed not a mo&s;t rigorous cha&s;ti&s;ement by leauing his body dead behind him, as it may very well fall out, and to whom it may be &s;aid, I left him as I found him, &s;ince &s;leepe is the image of death.</P>
<P>A good Souldier ought continually to accompany the En&s;igne, and haue &s;peciall regard, that the &s;ame fall not in danger of &s;urpri&s;ing by the enemie, and that he endea|uour him&s;elfe by all meanes without any re&s;pect of dan|ger to pre&s;erue and recouer the &s;ame: for the lo&s;&s;e there|of is a perpetuall &s;hame to the whole band. And there|fore he ought at no time to abandon the &s;ame for any oc|ca&s;ion, but lodge him&s;elfe &s;o neere it as he can, to the in|tent that among&s;t the re&s;t, if it be po&s;&s;ible, he may be one of the fir&s;t at all rumours of armes, and &s;odaine alarums, a&s;well by day as night. And being armed with the wea|pon he caries, hauing conducted his En&s;igne to the place appointed, by the head Officers, he may in the &s;ight of his Captaine (&s;hewing a moderate forwardne&s;&s;e and de|&s;ire) breed an opinion of his courage and valor: &s;o that when occa&s;ion doth offer, his Captaine among&s;t the re&s;t may make &s;peciall choi&s;e of him.</P>
<P>He mu&s;t for no occa&s;ion ab&s;ent him&s;elfe, or go to any far di&s;tant place about any enterpri&s;e or booty of picoree, without the expre&s;&s;e licence of his Captaine: for he that is once become a Souldier is now no more his own man, but his vnder who&s;e gouernment he is paide: who de|&s;iring to &s;erue his turne when occa&s;ions be mini&s;tred in time of warres, not hauing his valiant and be&s;t Souldiers pre&s;ent and ready about him, &s;hall not onely be made
<PB N="23" REF="17"> fru&s;trate of that he would performe, but &s;ometimes al&s;o &s;uffer and &s;u&s;taine damage, and onely in re&s;pect of tho&s;e which be ab&s;ent abroad at their owne plea&s;ure, contrary to the con&s;ent and knowledge of the Captaine.</P>
<P>He ought &s;ufficiently to eate, re&s;t and &s;leepe, while&s;t time doth permit, to the end he be not called for vnpro|uided, and that he may the more readily performe all en|terpri&s;es needfull, without any di&s;commodity or want of abilitie, which commonly doe fall out vnlooked for, and vpon the &s;odaine, for in ordinary and accu&s;tomed en|terpri&s;es, it is an ea&s;ie thing to finde euery &s;ouldier proui|ded, but in &s;odaine &s;urpri&s;es not. Be&s;ides, I thinke it ap|pertaines and is proper to a good Souldier, to follow the warres &s;o long as he po&s;&s;ibly can, for the increa&s;e of his experience. But being con&s;trained to returne into his Countrey, or into any Citie, fortre&s;&s;e or other place of defence, by rea&s;on of &s;ome truce, &s;econded by peace, or through any other accident, which doth con&s;traine him to abandon the warres: then it is nece&s;&s;ary he fall to ex|erci&s;e that Art, wherein he chiefly hath been brought vp, either in merchandi&s;e, handicraft, or hu&s;bandrie, or el&s;e what&s;oeuer, thereby to &s;upply his nece&s;&s;ities, to exerci&s;e his body, and to liue hone&s;tly: and by that meanes flie idlene&s;&s;e, a thing mo&s;t incident to youth: who being al|together ignorant in treading the &s;teppes of a &s;taied life (through the &s;mall experience hee hath of the world, which by tract of time is obtained, and by long practi&s;e, &s;pecially in the exerci&s;e of armes) per&s;wades him&s;elfe he &s;hall winne credit and commodity through the meanes of in&s;olent actions, which altogether ought to be abhor|red: through ra&s;h and prodigall brauerie, which often|times torments innocent Families and poore Parents:
<PB N="24" REF="18"> and through galant garments and &s;umptuous attire, whereby they grow Bankerout: &s;o that they are brought in time (being intangled in tho&s;e &s;weete traps &s;aue&s;t and &s;harpe &s;howers) to runne headlong into a thou&s;and and mo&s;t mi&s;erable ruines. Therefore good Souldiers ought &s;pecially to endeauour them&s;elues by &s;ome commenda|ble indu&s;trie to gaine the good grace of valorous and va|liant Captaines, and mightie Princes, the true Po&s;&s;e&s;&s;ors and fathers of warre, through who&s;e authoritie and com|mendation they may be preferred: for the faith and a&s;|&s;ured credit of all warlike and worthy Souldiers doth de|pend vpon men of valour, and not of weake authoritie, &s;mall valor; and great abu&s;e of the ignorant and com|mon-people, called the bea&s;t with many heades. There|fore let them euer ob&s;erue the honor of the good and ver|tuous: for &s;ince that in time of warres euery &s;ouldier of good conditions doth &s;harpen his wit, and willingly ad|uenture his life, not re&s;pecting toyles or trauell, expences or danger, but doth imploy his indu&s;trie to preferre his Princes profite, by great rea&s;on in time of peace he ought to be aduanced and maintained by them: and much the more for him&s;elfe, is to v&s;e all his indeauour to compa&s;&s;e his owne commoditie, and thereby make manife&s;t his proper vertue, the which doth not con&s;i&s;t in outward ap|pearance of valour and di&s;cretion: but in the true action thereof, agreeable to his honourable profe&s;&s;ion.</P>
<P>A &s;ouldier mu&s;t apparell him&s;elfe in the warres with cloth of fre&s;h colour, profitable and commodious: a|mong&s;t the re&s;t, red, murry, tauny and &s;carlet makes a galant &s;hew in the field, which he mu&s;t weare to honour the militarie profe&s;&s;ion, and for his mo&s;t fit and apt wearing, and not to hinder the di&s;po&s;ition of his mem|bers,
<PB N="25" REF="18"> as doth our great bumba&s;ted and bol&s;tered ho&s;e, which not many yeeres &s;ince hath beene v&s;ed: but in &s;teed of them a &s;traite brabantie and ga&s;caine is to bee worne, together with a clo&s;e ca&s;&s;ocke, which may &s;hield both his flaske, tutch-box, his match and peece from raine if need be, whereby he may be ready to execute a|ny enterpri&s;e he is commanded to performe, and that of nece&s;&s;itie he ought to doe: and &s;o arme him&s;elfe in other re&s;pects, that he may readily doe any &s;eruice hee is a&s;|&s;igned vnto.</P>
<P>He mu&s;t be willing to put in proofe all things comman|ded, without making reply, or denying any one thing, or deferring the matter from one time to another, either for feare of &s;poiling or &s;potting his apparell in foule-way, or foule-weather, or that he &s;hall not be able to inioy com|modious lodging, &s;tore of victuals, and &s;uch other re|&s;pects, not to be e&s;teemed of, but worthy great reprehen|&s;ion. Therefore it is requi&s;ite he practi&s;e him&s;elfe fir&s;t of all to be a perfect priuate Souldier, before he be drawne to the de&s;ire of bearing office, which were to &s;et the cart before the hor&s;es, and worke by contraries: for fir&s;t wee mu&s;t learne to obey, and then it is lawfull to gouerne. But it is no new thing, nor to be maruelled at, that &s;ome men are accu&s;tomed to obtaine charges by vnlawfull and indirect meanes, I will not &s;ay, that they v&s;e them accor|dingly. Therefore to merite a charge, it is alwaies farre more excellent and more conuenient to winne them by de&s;ert, then to enter theteinto by intru&s;ion: for tho&s;e that doe not begge them doe feele in them&s;elues their proper &s;ufficiencie: where contrariewi&s;e they are a heauie bur|then to tho&s;e that know them not, although with great in&s;tance they haue procured and &s;ought for them. Which
<PB N="26" REF="19"> want and vnwarie dealing in this our age, peraduenture proceedes of the &s;mall neede the world &s;eemes to haue of good Souldiers at this day, and of the little experi|ence mo&s;t men in our time haue of the Art of warre or at lea&s;twi&s;e our Superiours are blinded with the &s;weete baites of couetou&s;ne&s;&s;e, cheife cau&s;e of &s;uch elections. Yet this notwith&s;tanding we ought to retaine with all re|uerence, the honour and credite due to an expert and good Souldier, who with diligence being &s;ought for and &s;elected, as neere as is po&s;&s;ible, ought to haue the mo&s;t cho&s;en charges, and expeditions giuen to their gouern|ment. To the end tho&s;e affaires may fall out happily, to the honour of their Nation and profit of their Prince. Whil&s;t he doth follow the warres, or is in Campe: let him carrie as little baggage with him as is po&s;&s;ible, that he may be the more nimble and light of body, &s;peedy in his iourney or marching, and the more apt for all enter|pri&s;es.</P>
<P>During the warres (or el&s;e not) he ought to weare in &s;ome conuenient place of his garments, that is mo&s;t ap|parant to the view of the band, a token, red cro&s;&s;e, or &s;carfe, whereby in skirmi&s;hes and other attempts he is to be knowne of what part he is (the Emperials v&s;e a red &s;carfe, Engli&s;hmen <HI>Saint Georges Cro&s;&s;e,</HI> the French the <HI>White-cro&s;&s;e,</HI> &amp;c.) or &s;uch a &s;igne as the Generall of the field &s;hall make choi&s;e of, which he ought to do willing|ly, thereby to remoue &s;u&s;pition out of the minde of his Captaine and Cheifteines, that they need not to &s;tand in doubt of him: and for diuers other worthy re&s;pects, &s;ince that by the&s;e and like manife&s;t meanes, the Souldier &s;hewes inward faith and loialty to the Officers and Cap|taines which gouerne. But if otherwi&s;e they carrie the
<PB N="27" REF="19"> &s;aid token and marke loo&s;e at their necke, brea&s;t, armes, or any other place, it giues matter and occa&s;ion of doubt touching their fidelitie: &s;pecially being but newly enter|tained, &s;ince that being not made fa&s;t, they may ea&s;ily ca&s;t away or hide the &s;ame in time of perill or doubtfull fight: Which &s;u&s;pition ought diligently to be remoued by him which carrieth an entire de&s;ire and full intent to deale truely and loially.</P>
<P>He ought likewi&s;e to beware, vnder paine of great pu|ni&s;hment, for running from one campe to another, for what occa&s;ion &s;oeuer &s;hall vrge him to it, but is bound to &s;erue that partie with which hee doth fir&s;t place him|&s;elfe, euen vntill the end of the wars.</P>
<P>I haue &s;eene it likewi&s;e not lawfull, that a Captaine &s;hould receiue into his &s;eruice a Souldier that is departed from another Captaine of the &s;ame faction, and this was ob&s;erued, to the end that Souldiers &s;hould be kept obe|dient and &s;tedfa&s;t vnder their En&s;igne, where fir&s;t they haue placed them&s;elues. Prouided alwaies, that their Captaines intreat them hone&s;tly and well, which is to be decided by the Mar&s;hall of the field. Neuerthele&s;&s;e, &s;o often as a Souldier is forced of nece&s;&s;itie to leaue the warres, he ought not to depart out of his &s;eruice, but by the &s;peciall licence of his Captaine, accompanied with an autentike pa&s;port of his good &s;eruice, &s;o &s;hall he &s;hun many confu&s;ions which are great occa&s;ions of &s;candals and infinite troubles, by meanes whereof he may freely make relation of the good &s;eruice he hath done, and bold|ly &s;hew him&s;elfe before any mans face.</P>
<P>He ought to take &s;peciall care, that he be not the be|ginner and occa&s;ion of any di&s;cords and mutinies, nei|ther con&s;ent thereunto, what rea&s;on &s;oeuer &s;hould lead
<PB N="28" REF="20"> him thereunto, &s;ince that &s;uch peruer&s;e proceeding doth not agree with the worthy, noble, and famous Art of warre, which is a dangerous di&s;credite to &s;uch malefa|ctors, and for the mo&s;t part without any recouery doth procure the generall ruine of many valiant Captaines and mighty armies. And therefore Ruffians and com|mon Hackers that liue idle in the &s;treetes at home, and follow the wars onely for &s;poile, are mo&s;t vnfit to make Souldiers, for experience makes manife&s;t, that they are the onely cau&s;e of mutinies, &s;o that one &s;uch is able to corrupt and di&s;order a whole band. Wherefore a good Souldier ought rather to apply him&s;elfe to &s;uffer things impo&s;&s;ible, then commit &s;o great an error, for by the one great honour and prai&s;e &s;hall redound vnto him, and by the other vile act, he &s;hall gaine manife&s;t blame and a&s;&s;ur|ed death: for &s;uch notable errors, without any remi&s;&s;ion, or any pitie (as in part I haue before touched, and here|after in the mar&s;hall lawes &s;hall &s;et downe) are &s;euerely to be cha&s;ti&s;ed.</P>
<P>When the Companie doth di&s;band, and euery &s;ouldier is to go to his lodging or cabbin, it is very requi&s;ite hee &s;tay vntill &s;uch time as he &s;ee the En&s;igne lapt vp and lodged, to the intent, if he be of the gard about the &s;ame, that night he may attend to doe his dutie, otherwi&s;e hee may lawfully depart, and thereby &s;hunne the &s;hamefull name of a &s;tubborne, licentious and di&s;obedient per&s;on. He mu&s;t learne to vnder&s;tand the a&s;&s;ured &s;ound of the drumme, thereby to know alwaies whereunto he is ap|pointed, and what thing is to be done and obeied, which of duty is accu&s;tomed to be done, &s;ince that with this in|&s;trument Souldiers are giuen to vnder&s;tand, during the warres, what things be nece&s;&s;arie to be executed: One
<PB N="29" REF="20"> thing be&s;ides is mo&s;t nece&s;&s;arie for a Souldier, which is, that he learne perfitly to &s;wimme, both for that waters cannot alwaies be pa&s;&s;ed with wading, neither at all times boates and bridges can be conueied with the campe, by rea&s;on of naughtie pa&s;&s;ages, as al&s;o in diuers enterpri&s;es a man is both more &s;afe and more bold, knowing what he can doe: whereof young <HI>Shelley</HI> made a mo&s;t famous proofe, who at the victualing of <HI>Midleborow,</HI> when their nauie was a&s;&s;aulted by the <HI>Flu&s;hingers,</HI> hauing all his companie &s;laine, &s;wam a &s;hore with his armes, being the la&s;t man left aliue a &s;hipbord: and as the <HI>Spaniards</HI> at the pa&s;&s;age of the arme of the &s;ea, when they went to be&s;iege <HI>Siricke-&s;ea.</HI> Be&s;ides the notable attempt made at the great riuer of <HI>Alba</HI> in <HI>Saxonie,</HI> the yeere 1547. where the Imperiali&s;ts had &s;o famous a victorie.</P>
<P>Now therefore let no man per&s;wade him&s;elfe, that the &s;euerall and particular experience which belongs to a per|fect good Souldier, can be perfectly and duely obtained by any other way, but by a continuall delight, exerci&s;e, and ob&s;eruation. For no man doth bring any worke to perfection, whereof he hath not the Art: euery Art doth &s;pring of experience and knowledge, and knowledge doth ari&s;e by meanes of &s;tudie and continuall practi&s;e. Military profe&s;&s;ion being then more perfect and aboue all other Arts, con&s;equently it is nece&s;&s;arie wee v&s;e in the &s;ame greater &s;tudie, and more continuall exerci&s;e then is to be v&s;ed in any other Art: for &s;o much as it is a mo&s;t auncient and prudent &s;entence: All arts doe con&s;i&s;t in exerci&s;e: and therefore continually at idle times it is ve|ry fit and nece&s;&s;arie for a &s;ouldier, to practi&s;e and exerci&s;e him&s;elfe among&s;t his Companions in the campe, in run|ning, leaping, throwing the barre, or &s;uch like, to make
<PB N="30" REF="21"> him actiue, and to auoide &s;uch idle pa&s;times as Soul|diers commonly now adaies v&s;e, contrarie to all good order.</P>
<P>Be&s;ides which, as I haue partly touched before, euery priuate Souldier ought not onely to be well able to v&s;e the weapon hee &s;erueth withall, but al&s;o &s;uddainely to vnder&s;tand all commandements of his Gouernors, whe|ther it be by voice or &s;ound of drumme or otherwi&s;e, and to know how to maintaine him&s;elfe in order without breaking aray, not onely marching, but al&s;o turning in a troupe or retiring. For that Souldier which knoweth his dutie how to behaue him&s;elfe in the campe, in watch, &s;cout &amp;c. and likewi&s;e in marching, turning, retiring, and fighting or skirmi&s;hing to ob&s;erue the order pre|&s;cribed by his Captaiue, may be called a trained and old Souldier: Whereof if he be ignorant, although he haue beene twentie yeares in the warres, he is not to be e&s;teem|ed a Souldier. But in the&s;e exerci&s;es the Sergeants and Officers are daily and duely to in&s;truct generally and priuately each &s;ouldier, which Officers ought of nece&s;&s;i|ty to haue knowledge in reading, that both what is writ|ten before, and &s;hall be written after in this booke, &s;peci|ally touching the Mar&s;hall lawes of the fielde, they may euer read as a Lecture to their &s;ouldiers, being in <HI>corps de gard,</HI> or at other &s;it and conuenient times. For the&s;e be things &s;o nece&s;&s;arie to be knowne and ob&s;erued, that it doth both import very much that each &s;ouldier &s;hould haue them by heart, and if it were po&s;&s;ible, &s;owed vpon their garments to be a perpetuall gla&s;&s;e to looke into, whereby they might guide all their actions, that thereby they might &s;ee what they ought to &s;hunne for feare of puni&s;hment, and what to imbrace to increa&s;e credit.</P>
<PB N="31" REF="21">
<P>To knit vp this our fir&s;t di&s;cour&s;e, he that findes him|&s;elfe &s;ufficient and well inclined to exerci&s;e this mo&s;t ex|cellent profe&s;&s;ion, ought with all mode&s;t humilitie, and good intention, frame him&s;elfe to a perfect obedience, a&s;well to ob&s;erue order, a thing &s;o conuenient and nece&s;|&s;arie in this exerci&s;e, as al&s;o to execute that which &s;hall be commanded him by his Captaine.</P>
<P>Before a Souldier binde him&s;elfe to &s;erue in a band, he ought adui&s;edly to con&s;ider, and expre&s;ly to per&s;wade him&s;elfe, that vnder an expert, valorous, and worthy Captaine, &s;eldome or neuer our trauaile in well doing is forgotten or lo&s;t: when as the contrarie doth chance vn|der tho&s;e that be vaine, vicious, and of &s;mall experience, who through want of perfection and practi&s;e, doe not know the merit of the valiant and valorous acts of a good Souldier: &s;o that con&s;equently they neglect all toile and trauell done in any honourable enterpri&s;e. Therefore it behoues a Souldier to make a good choi&s;e at the fir&s;t, for after what&s;oeuer he be, he mu&s;t &s;till obey him: and likewi&s;e alwaies haue re&s;pect, and carrie a reuerence to the iu&s;tice of Mar&s;hall law, and the Mini&s;ters of the &s;ame, though they be of ba&s;e condition, &s;ince both by the law of Nature and Nations, they ought to be obeyed and ob|&s;erued, and particularly knowne, and had in memory of euery priuate &s;ouldier: for thereby both hor&s;emen and footemen are kept in perfect order.</P>
<P>But aboue all things a &s;ouldier ought not to forget his dutie and deuotion towards the goodne&s;&s;e of our Lord God, and our &s;acred Chri&s;tian religion, by which the true gift of vertue, valour and fortitude, and all good things be&s;ide, we mo&s;t certainely receiue, and are a&s;&s;ured to at|taine whil&s;t our determinations be lawfull and hone&s;t.
<PB N="32" REF="22"> And for that a &s;ouldier being &s;ubiect to a thou&s;and daily dangers, it behoues him continually to liue as he dare die, and oftentimes to reconcile him&s;elfe to God by confe&s;|&s;ion of his &s;innes, and receiue the benefit of the mo&s;t ble&s;&s;ed Sacrament.</P>
<P>I haue beene &s;omewhat more copious in this fir&s;t di&s;cour&s;e touching a &s;ouldier, then perchance I meane to be in any of the re&s;t, by rea&s;on this is the fir&s;t &s;teppe and degree a man ought to &s;et his feete vpon, before he mount the throne of perfect gouernment in Mar&s;hall affaires: for if a &s;ouldier can obtaine tried experience in this fir&s;t point, he may with more ea&s;e a&s;cend the other, &s;ince this is onely the ground worke of all the re&s;t.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 N="2" TYPE="chapter">
<HEAD><HI>CHAP. II.</HI> The Office which appertaines to a Corporall, Cape de Squadre, Di&s;nier, or chiefe of Chamber.</HEAD>
<P>IT is not to be doubted, but that all notable errors de|pend onely of idlene&s;&s;e, and that all worthy and com|mendable acts &s;pring of vigilant warine&s;&s;e. Therefore a Corporall, Cape de Squadre, Di&s;nier, or chiefe of Cham|ber, or how you li&s;t to terme them, ought to be no le&s;&s;e prudent and carefull ouer the gouernment of his people, then a father in ruling of his family: and as euery parent doth pa&s;&s;e in age his children, euen &s;o a Corporall &s;hould be &s;uch, that he may exceede any &s;ouldier, if not by ex|perience and yeeres, at lea&s;twi&s;e with diligence and &s;harp|ne&s;&s;e of wit. Through which endeauour and exerci&s;e, ioyned with a feruent de&s;ire and delight, to attaine to the
<PB N="33" REF="22"> perfit tip of this honourable profe&s;&s;ion, he &s;hall euery day become more capeable, and of greater experience: wherefore I would as neere as is po&s;&s;ible, not onely haue him expre&s;ly acquainted with the aduerti&s;ements and Martiall lawes following, but al&s;o indued with the be&s;t of tho&s;e conditions which I haue &s;et out in my former di&s;cour&s;e of a priuate Souldier, &s;ince that to mount vp to this &s;econd degree, it is very nece&s;&s;ary and requi&s;ite, that he haue made long abode in the practi&s;e and expe|rience in the fir&s;t &s;tep of &s;eruice appertaining to a priuate Souldier. The Captaine mu&s;t &s;elect and choo&s;e foure of the mo&s;t skilfull Souldiers, which be hone&s;t, loyall, and perfect religious Chri&s;tians, out of euery Hundreth in his band: whereof two are to haue charge of the &s;hot, the other two of the pikes, euery one guiding 24. a piece, the which ought all of them to be lodged together, and the Corporall him&s;elfe in the midde&s;t of his charge, wher|by when any &s;ecret &s;eruice is to be done, they may call and a&s;&s;emble by the appointment of the Superiour offi|cers, their whole &s;quadron, or what le&s;&s;e number el&s;e, without the &s;ound of any drumme.</P>
<P>Now then a Corporall with his &s;quadron of 25. or more, according to the di&s;cretion of the Captaine, lodg|ing together with his company, mu&s;t prouide generally for all their rea&s;onable wants of wages, match, pouder, and other munition, and mu&s;t in&s;truct them how to han|dle their weapons. He mu&s;t likewi&s;e remember perfect|ly how euery one is armed and furni&s;hed when he receiu|eth them in charge, and to &s;ee that no part thereof be &s;poiled but pre&s;erued neat and trimme: and aboue all things to looke well to the behauiour of his companie, not &s;uffering them to v&s;e vnlawfull and prohibited gam|ing,
<PB N="34" REF="23"> neither to giue them&s;elues to drinking and &s;urfeting, but to &s;pare of their pay to furni&s;h them&s;elues brauely and &s;urely again&s;t the enemie, wherein he ought to v&s;e his chiefe indeauour. And if it happen that any fault is com|mitted, his part is not violently to puni&s;h the Souldier him&s;elfe, as hereafter is touched: but to make it knowne to his Captaine, who mu&s;t not neither, as &s;ome ra&s;hly do, reuenge him&s;elfe, but communicate the &s;ame with the Mar&s;hall or his Prouo&s;t, who onely haue vnder the Ge|nerall authoritie to puni&s;h: and this due cour&s;e of iu&s;tice &s;hall be more terrible to the Souldier, and breed le&s;&s;e euill-will in them to the Captaine and Officers: general|ly in the&s;e re&s;pects, the Corporall mu&s;t touching the fore|&s;aid cau&s;es or &s;uch like, or it any Souldier be &s;icke, hurt, or ab&s;ent, by way of impri&s;onment or death, immediate|ly make report thereof, finding any thing worthy rela|tion, and &s;pare no man, but deliuer ouer the truth to the Sergeant, the Sergeant from him, or together with the Corporall to the Lieutenant, and he or they all iointly to the Captaine, who is to take order in the cau&s;e. Thus &s;hall dignitie of Officers be maintained, and Officers and faults redre&s;&s;ed, to the great example of the euill, and comfort of the good. But &s;omewhat more amply to &s;et downe the fore&s;aid re&s;pects together with certaine other aduerti&s;ements. A Corporall mu&s;t alwaies fore-&s;ee and examine, that the &s;ouldiers of his Squadron keepe their armes in order, cleane and intire: and the Hargabu&s;iers &s;tored with match, bullets and pouder, and &s;uch like ne|ce&s;&s;aries: a thing worthy to be noted and ob&s;erued in this profe&s;&s;ion: the which makes &s;hew that the &s;ame is of a good &s;ouldier not onely v&s;ed in time of warre, but in all other times and places, being a knowne difference
<PB N="35" REF="23"> betwixt the legitimate, and leud Profe&s;&s;ors of armes. He ought of nece&s;&s;ity &s;till to in&s;truct and exhort them, that they liue together friendly, without di&s;cord: that they be mode&s;t and &s;paring in their victuals, profitable in their apparell, and that generally they doe &s;hun &s;wearing, and bla&s;peming vpon greeuous puni&s;hment, by which act of bla&s;pheming and &s;wearing by the holy name of the &s;a|cred Trinitie, they commit greater villany and offence before God, then if before the world they did commit mo&s;t wicked acts, or infinite errors. Likewi&s;e let him prohibite all vnlawfull games, for the performance whereof he ought to proceede with as great dexteritie and curte&s;ie as he can, that alway in matters of impor|tance, he may haue that due obedience which is required, and not through crueltie gaine the hate and euill-will of tho&s;e per&s;ons, which in many other things be&s;ide are to obey him: for to cha&s;ti&s;e them, lies neither in his power, neither in the arbitriment of other Officers, although they be of degrees higher then he, but doth iu&s;tly apper|taine to the Office of the Ma&s;ter of the Campe, and Mar|&s;hall of the field. The which point is to be noted and ob&s;erued, to the di&s;credite of &s;ome Captaines, which at this day delight to imbrew their murthering hands in the bloud of &s;ouldiers, and men perchance of hone&s;t beha|uiour, being moued thereunto through &s;ome hatred, toy, or bea&s;tly pa&s;&s;ion.</P>
<P>Therefore he mu&s;t alwaies be mindfull to ob&s;erue this honourable rule of diuers good and di&s;creet Officers, who &s;ometimes doe ouer-&s;ee and winke at light faults, and proceed with a certaine mode&s;tie and lenitie, al|though in matters of greater in&s;olencie, with &s;eueritie.</P>
<P>Notwith&s;tanding the&s;e and &s;uch like authorities, the
<PB N="36" REF="24"> Corporall ought to be no le&s;&s;e obedient to euery lea&s;t point of the Mar&s;hall lawes: and in ranke and aray, or in other places where tho&s;e of greater gouernment be, he mu&s;t performe and ob&s;erue the part and dutie of a priuate Souldier, and retaine like order and obedience: for where our betters be, the le&s;&s;e giue place.</P>
<P>But when alone with his &s;quadron he is conducted to the place where he is to make watch and ward: then mu&s;t he take vpon him his office, and make proui&s;ion of wood or coles, that he may alwaies haue fire burning in his corps of gard, a&s;well in the day as in the night, and a&s;|well in the &s;ummer as in the winter: without which hee ought neuer to keepe watch, becau&s;e it is a mo&s;t nece&s;&s;a|rie munition for the Hargabu&s;iers, to light their match withall, and for other needfull re&s;pects. Likewi&s;e hee mu&s;t prouide for oyle, for candles for the night time, for lant-hornes and &s;uch like at the Sergeant Maiors hands, or of &s;ome others, who haue charge to prouide for tho&s;e things, and are accu&s;tomed to di&s;tribute the &s;ame. If hee keepe his corps de gard in an open and plaine place or o|therwi&s;e: he mu&s;t conforme the company of his &s;qua|dron, according to the order appointed by his betters: and with the mo&s;t &s;peedy and artificiall manner that he can, mu&s;t arme and fortifie with ditches, trenches, and &s;entinels, the place where he mu&s;t make his abode with this his &s;mall band and troupe of &s;ouldiers, the better to re&s;i&s;t the enemies furie, or any &s;urpri&s;e he might a&s;&s;ault him withall, con&s;idering that &s;ometimes, yea and that ve|ry often, being &s;et vpon, the Sentinels and corps de gard be repul&s;ed and haue their throates cut, to the great di&s;tur|bance and vniuer&s;all domage of the whole Campe. He mu&s;t ordaine his watch in &s;uch a place, that in the &s;ame at
<PB N="37" REF="24"> all times he may remaine warie and vigilant, placing him&s;elfe in the mo&s;t high and eminent &s;eate of all the corps de gard, to the intent that hee may know and di&s;cerne in due time euery particular accident that &s;hall happen or &s;ucceede: and thereof immediately aduer|ti&s;e his Captaine of all, that he may prouide remedy with &s;peed, according as the ca&s;e requires warily and &s;e|cretly, euen at the clo&s;ing of the night, vntill the bright &s;pring of the <HI>Diana,</HI> and faire day-light: he mu&s;t ordaine and place Sentinels, and often &s;earch and vi&s;ite them, with the aide of two of the Captaines Gentlemen of his company, called of the <HI>Italians Lanze Spezzate,</HI> or might be tearmed more aptly, extraordinarie Lieutenants, that he may alwaies remaine vigilant and a&s;&s;ured, to the intent he be not a&s;&s;ailed vnprouided, to his great domage, and before he can giue warning of the enemie to the campe, which doth re&s;t and lie in &s;afetie in that quarter where he is, vnder his charge, care, and diligence. In &s;uch ca&s;es he ought therefore to imploy the be&s;t men he hath, that hee neuer re&s;t deceiued in a matter of &s;o great importance, &s;ince that of tho&s;e which be but meane Souldiers, or as I may well tearme them, negligent per&s;ons, nothing el&s;e is to be looked for at their hands, but error, lo&s;&s;e, and danger.</P>
<P>Moreouer he mu&s;t at the lea&s;t cau&s;e the third part of his &s;quadron to remaine and &s;tand continually armed at all points, both night and day, con&s;i&s;ting of greater or le&s;&s;e quantity of people, according as the &s;u&s;pition doth argue the neede of them to be &s;mall or great: the Har|gabu&s;iers hauing their flaskes and furniture tied to their girdles, and their peeces ready charged, that vpon a &s;ud|daine they may contend by skirmi&s;h, according to need|full
<PB N="38" REF="25"> occa&s;ion, and readily re&s;i&s;t the enemie without &s;lack|ing or any remi&s;&s;ion of time, vntill all the &s;quadron be put in order.</P>
<P>He mu&s;t be very circum&s;pect, that the re&s;t of the &s;oul|diers weapons, and principally his owne, be laid vp and placed in &s;uch order, one kinde being diuided from ano|ther, that in one in&s;tant they may be &s;peedily and readily armed: the which he mu&s;t daily put in practi&s;e, and inure them withall, by fained alarmes, by &s;peciall commande|ment and of &s;et purpo&s;e, which be mo&s;t nece&s;&s;arie to be practi&s;ed before hand for diuers honourable and impor|tant re&s;pects, worthy to be had in good con&s;ideration.</P>
<P>Therefore let him haue and carie a continuall care, that their armes neuer remaine in any confu&s;ed order, the which if he &s;hould &s;uffer, he &s;hould find no doubt to be a great want: but the &s;ame may be preuented, and made ea&s;ie, by accommodating the Hargabu&s;iers in rancke one by one, vpon a boord or banke: the Pikes and Cor&s;lets, in order reared and hanged vpon &s;ome wall or other apt place in the corps de gard, and vpon each particular wea|pon and peece, euery &s;ouldier &s;hould haue a proper and &s;peciall marke before hand made whereby to know the &s;ame. He ought daily to in&s;truct his &s;quadron euery one apart, how to handle the weapon wherewith they &s;erue: the Hargabu&s;ier to charge and di&s;charge nimbly, the Pikeman to to&s;&s;e his pike with great dexteritie.</P>
<P>Sentinels ought with great rea&s;on to be placed about the corps of gard, to the intent the &s;ame may be defen|ded and kept with more &s;afety and &s;ecuritie. Hee him|&s;elfe at the clo&s;ing of the night, mu&s;t place the fir&s;t Sen|tinell, and &s;o con&s;equently the re&s;t, in&s;tructing them or|derly what manner they haue to ob&s;erue, and how they
<PB N="39" REF="25"> ought to gouerne them&s;elues in &s;uch accidents as might in&s;ue: who are to remaine in Sentinell in winter and cold weather, but one houre, or two at the mo&s;t: but in &s;om|mer, two or three houres before they be changed: for which re&s;pect, that euery one may be taxed with aequity, let him fir&s;t make a iu&s;t diui&s;ion of his number, according to the number of the houres in the night, and following that proportion, let him &s;ee the &s;ame performed, with|out fauouring or omitting any, the which hee may the more certainely performe, if the names of his Souldiers be written in a roll, and when the houre gla&s;&s;e hath runne their time (which is nece&s;&s;arie for him to haue in his corps de gard) then to pricke their names, and place new in their roomes, &s;o &s;hall each Souldier be partaker of the trauaile, and re&s;t maruellou&s;ly well &s;atisfied. But for that in wars, canui&s;ados, &s;urpri&s;es, &s;allies, &s;uch like ca&s;ualties and aduerti&s;ements be infinite, I will leaue the re&s;t to his owne vigilant di&s;cretion, and &s;uppo&s;e it needle&s;&s;e to ad|uerti&s;e him of euery particular point; more then that I haue and will touch in this my fir&s;t booke of <HI>Militarie di|rections,</HI> as ca&s;es mo&s;t proper for priuate Souldiers. I therefore at this pre&s;ent thinke it &s;ufficient for a Corpo|rall to know, that it is nece&s;&s;arie he &s;hould &s;o di&s;po&s;e the matter through his prouident proui&s;ion, that all his peo|ple may be reduced into order, and already haue taken their weapons in their hands, before the enemie giue charge vpon them. And therefore in time and place of &s;u&s;pition and danger, he mu&s;t place lo&s;t Sentinels with|out the watch-word, a good di&s;tance off, from the corps de gard, in places mo&s;t &s;u&s;pect. But in other places not needfull &s;o much to be &s;u&s;pected, and that be neerer him, he ought to &s;et Sentinels with the watch-word, &s;o farre
<PB N="40" REF="26"> one from an other, as it &s;hall &s;eeme vnto him rea&s;onable or requi&s;ite, and that they may inuiron the ground one within the &s;ight of an other, or &s;o that the enemy cannot enter, or any e&s;pion i&s;&s;ue without their knowledge. If great occa&s;ion &s;o demaund, let him place together one Hargabu&s;ier, and one armed Pike, to the intent that the one may keepe the enemie farre off, and in a certaine &s;ort &s;u&s;taine his fury at the point of his pike, whil&s;t the Har|gabu&s;ier with the di&s;charge of his peece, giues Arme to the corps de gard and campe, which exploit may be the better performed, if a corporall-&s;hippe of Pikemen bee ioyned together with an other of &s;hot. Sometimes with|out making any noy&s;e or rumour, Arme is giuen to the campe, for one of the two Sentinels may retire, and make relation to the Corporall what hath appeared, been &s;ince, heard or happened, whereby he may &s;peedily with great &s;ilence giue Arme to the gard, without leauing the place of the Sentinell di&s;armed, which they ought neuer to a|bandon, but at &s;uch times as the enemie is manife&s;tly di&s;couered, the occa&s;ion of the alarme being certaine, at which time being retired, they mu&s;t vnite them&s;elues to|gether with the &s;ouldiers of the gard, that they may all wholy in one company execute that which &s;hall fall out be&s;t for their purpo&s;e, which is, to retire fighting or skir|mi&s;hing to the campe, according to ordinarie cu&s;tome, notwith&s;tanding by the order and appointment of tho&s;e which haue authority to commaund them, as their Cap|taine, Sergeant maior, &amp;c. but neuer otherwi&s;e.</P>
<P>He ought moreouer to be circum&s;pect, that in the bo|dy of the watch a &s;olemne &s;ecret &s;ilence be kept, without &s;inging, brawling, or any rumour or noi&s;e, and &s;pecially in the night, both in re&s;pect of the enemie, to heare when
<PB N="41" REF="26"> the alarme is giuen, and to the intent that tho&s;e which re&s;t and &s;leepe, and are not yet in Sentinell, may be the more apt to re&s;i&s;t and apply them&s;elues to the&s;e actions and exerci&s;es, which are required of them with vigilant watchfulne&s;&s;e, &s;ince a man cannot without great difficul|tie remaine without &s;leepe or re&s;t, any much longer time then our nature is accu&s;tomed by ordinarie cour&s;e to beare, and therefore at the entrance of the corps de gard, he ought likewi&s;e to keepe a proper Sentinell appertain|ing to the gard, that neither friend nor enemie comming out of the campe or el&s;ewhere, &s;hall be able to enter with|out yeelding the watch-word: and in this &s;ort mu&s;t the Corporall proceed, euen vntill the diaua bee &s;ounded through all the Campe. For other re&s;pects, I finally re|ferre him to my following di&s;cour&s;e, which together with that written before, it is requi&s;ite he haue in perfit memorie as well as the priuate &s;ouldier.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 N="3" TYPE="chapter">
<HEAD><HI>CHAP. III.</HI> Six &s;peciall Points appertaining to <HI>SOVLDIERS</HI> of all &s;orts.</HEAD>
<P>IT is written in the hi&s;tory of <HI>Pietro Bizari,</HI> touching the incredible and maruellous obedience of the Tur|ki&s;h &s;ouldiers, that a certaine Gentleman at his returne from <HI>Con&s;tantinople</HI> did declare vnto the Earle of <HI>Salma,</HI> that he had &s;eene foure miracles in the Turki&s;h domini|ons: Which was, fir&s;t an infinite armie almo&s;t without number, con&s;i&s;ting of more then foure hundred thou|&s;and men. Secondly, that among&s;t &s;o many men, he &s;aw
<PB N="42" REF="27"> not one woman. Thirdly, that there was no mention made of wine. And la&s;t, at night when they had cried with a hie-voice <HI>Alla,</HI> which is <HI>God:</HI> there continued &s;o great a &s;ilence through the whole campe, that euen in the pauilions they did not &s;peake but with a low &s;oft voice, a thing worthy to be admired, to the great &s;hame of Chri|&s;tians: therefore if the Infidels ob&s;erue &s;uch &s;trict di&s;ci|pline, why &s;hould not wee that be Chri&s;tians indeauour our &s;elues to &s;urpa&s;&s;e them therein? recommending our &s;elues and affaires to God, with reuerence and &s;ilence, which I would wi&s;h to be continued vntill the diana, when together with the &s;ound of the drummes, the &s;ame might be with a cheerefull crie renued. But together with &s;ilence to &s;et downe certaine other vertues, take them here as I finde them written.</P>
<DIV3 TYPE="virtue">
<HEAD>SILENCE.</HEAD>
<P>In all places of &s;eruice &s;uch &s;ilence mu&s;t be v&s;ed, that &s;ouldiers may heare friends, and not be heard of ene|mies, as well in watch, ward, ambu&s;h, canui&s;ado, or any other exploit: in which point con&s;i&s;teth oftentimes the &s;afety or perdition of the whole campe.</P>
</DIV3>
<DIV3 TYPE="virtue">
<HEAD>OBEDIENCE.</HEAD>
<P>Such obedience mu&s;t be v&s;ed, that none regard the per&s;ons but the office to them appointed, diligently ob|&s;eruing the &s;ame: any offending to the contrary, run|ning into the danger of the law, for longer then obedi|ence is v&s;ed and maintained, there is no hope of good &s;ucce&s;&s;e.</P>
</DIV3>
<DIV3 TYPE="virtue">
<PB N="43" REF="27">
<HEAD>SECRETNESSE.</HEAD>
<P>Souldiers mu&s;t be &s;ecret, and haue regard that they di&s;clo&s;e nothing, though &s;ometimes they vnder&s;tand the pretence of the higher powers. The Di&s;clo&s;ers of &s;uch, merite mo&s;t cruell puni&s;hment.</P>
</DIV3>
<DIV3 TYPE="virtue">
<HEAD>SOBRIETY.</HEAD>
<P>In Sobriety con&s;i&s;teth great prai&s;e to the &s;ouldiers, who v&s;ing the &s;ame are euer in &s;tate of preferment, &s;uch regard their duties, and reproue the ra&s;h Bu&s;i-bodies, Drunkards, &amp;c. are euer in danger of puni&s;hment.</P>
</DIV3>
<DIV3 TYPE="virtue">
<HEAD>HARDINESSE.</HEAD>
<P>The Captaines and &s;ouldiers that be hardy of courage, be much auaileable in &s;eruice, &s;pecially &s;uch as will pon|der what may be the end of their enterpri&s;e. Some in times pa&s;t haue hardly giuen the on&s;et, and after repented the &s;ame: but the prai&s;e of the adui&s;ed cannot bee ex|pre&s;&s;ed.</P>
</DIV3>
<DIV3 TYPE="virtue">
<HEAD>TRVTH and LOYALTY.</HEAD>
<P>The vertue of Loyaltie and Truth is farre exceeding my capacitie to write, the Practi&s;ers of the contrary are not worthy of life, but to be &s;oone adiudged. Subtile e|nemies approue to corrupt &s;ouldiers with gifts, and the Deuill to entrap them with the &s;weete inti&s;ing baites of leud libertie. But &s;ince the reward of truth is euerla&s;ting
<PB N="44" REF="28"> life, and the vntrue and di&s;&s;embler loo&s;eth the &s;ame in continuall darkne&s;&s;e, I tru&s;t none of our Countrey-men will learne the one for the other, will be fal&s;e to his Soue|raigne, or flee from the a&s;&s;ured piller of the true faith: from which God keepe all good &s;ouldiers.</P>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 N="4" TYPE="chapter">
<HEAD><HI>CHAP. IV.</HI> How a Souldier may maintaine obedience, and keepe him&s;elfe in the fauour and good grace of his Captaine.</HEAD>
<P>A Good Souldier ought to haue con&s;ideration, that &s;ince due orders and lawes are the a&s;&s;ured founda|tion and &s;tay of euery &s;tate: and contrariwi&s;e, di&s;cord and di&s;obedience the ruine of all Realmes: &s;o that aboue all things a well gouerned Generall, and a carefull Cap|taine, ought prudently to fore-&s;ee that their Campe and Souldiers be paid and puni&s;hed with equall execution of iu&s;tice, not re&s;pecting per&s;on: yeelding to the Offenders puni&s;hment, and reward to the vertuous: depre&s;&s;ing vice, and exalting vertue: v&s;ing commendation to the good, and correction to the euill, ioyned with admoni&s;h|ments of magnanimitie, the which if they preuaile not, to cha&s;ti&s;e them: and as the good hu&s;band doth plucke the weedes out of the good corne, to the intent that they by their wicked and pernicious example, do not in|fect the re&s;t, and con&s;equently doth prouide that no fault pa&s;&s;e vnpuni&s;hed, nor no valorous act vnrewarded: by which meanes he becomes feared, fauoured, obeyed, and beloued of all the armie: euen &s;o on the other &s;ide, the good natured &s;ouldier mu&s;t euer haue re&s;pect to keepe the
<PB N="45" REF="28"> bondes of mode&s;ty towards his Superiour, and yeelde many thankes to God, that he hath giuen him &s;o iu&s;t and vertuous a Captaine and Generall, towards whom hee mu&s;t alwaies yeeld like obedience, that the &s;onne doth to the father, being bound &s;o to doe by the diuine law, with|out &s;hewing him&s;elfe oppo&s;ite to the order of generall iu&s;tice, nor vngratefull for his receiued benefits, but con|tinually by his good guiding in the one and the other, giue his Captaine iu&s;t cau&s;e to loue and like well of him.</P>
<P>Souldiers be euer bound to obey the iu&s;tice and com|mandements of their Superiours: and the Superiour likewi&s;e to embrace the obedience of his Souldiers, whil&s;t he doth &s;ee him&s;elfe honoured and obeyed of them, either in deedes or words, in earne&s;t or di&s;&s;embling.</P>
<P>Although the Generall or Captaine were a right <HI>Sar|danapalus,</HI> &s;o that his lawes be obeyed all things fall out well: wherefore a Souldier ought with all his indeauour to be obedient to the law, with his whole heart loue his Captaine, and feare him with all his force.</P>
<P><HI>Cyrus</HI> being cruell, couetous, mi&s;erable, and an Exacter of taxes, through iu&s;tice was beloued and obeyd.</P>
<P><HI>Camby&s;es, Marcus Cato,</HI> and <HI>Marcus Antonius,</HI> the two fir&s;t being &s;euere and cruell, yet among&s;t the Souldiers were maruellou&s;ly fauoured: and the third, although hee was drowned in the deepe and gaping gulfe of Lechery, Gluttony, and riotous gaming, yet was he &s;o beloued of his armie, that his Souldiers would haue &s;uffered them|&s;elues to be crucified, to haue done any thing gratefull vnto him, and that cheifly through his iu&s;tice: and there|fore it behoues a Souldier to keepe inuiolate the Martiall lawes of the field. But to touch the cheife&s;t meanes whereby a Souldier may be drawne to obey, to feare, and
<PB N="46" REF="29"> loue the Captaine, and altogether gaine his good liking and fauour, carie in minde what in&s;ueth.</P>
<P>Fir&s;t, a Souldier mu&s;t pre&s;ume and per&s;wade him&s;elfe, that what&s;oeuer he doth in &s;ecret, that it &s;hall come to the knowledge of the Captaine, whether it be good or euill: which feare if he be wi&s;e, will re&s;traine him from doing any thing pernicious, or again&s;t the Mar&s;hall law, or the mi&s;liking of the Captaine, and &s;o ought to re&s;t in continuall doubt, le&s;t his euill deedes come to light, and to the eares of the &s;uperiour Officers, that with the &s;word of iu&s;tice, the rod of reuenge, and the &s;cepter of rule, may and will cha&s;tice him. If he remember this, no doubt he will liue mode&s;tly, in ob&s;eruing tho&s;e lawes which are commanded by the Captaine and Generall: for it behoues a &s;ouldier &s;till to liue in &s;u&s;pect, that &s;pials and intelligencers be euer pre&s;ent at his elbow, which no doubt will accu&s;e him for his euill behauiour: of which &s;ort a Captaine and Generall haue great &s;tore to keepe the Campe and Souldiers in continuall &s;u&s;picion and feare.</P>
<P>A Souldier mu&s;t euer &s;hew him&s;elfe gratefull to his Captaine in words and deeds, by remaining patient in his actions, and not to v&s;e complaints in his &s;peeches &s;uffer|ing with quiet contentation the penurie of victuals, if the Campe &s;hould want, either through fault of the Ge|nerall, barene&s;&s;e of the Countrey, or otherwi&s;e by his negligence, or through the malignitie of fortune, that neither by water nor land corne and victuals can be brought to them in &s;afetie: wherefore we mu&s;t weare out this want patiently, and not with a melancholike coun|tenance, make appearance of a wrathfull and furious per|&s;on, by charging of the Chiefetaine openly with tho&s;e
<PB N="47" REF="29"> wants: for which proceeding, let him a&s;&s;ure him&s;elfe that he &s;hall be e&s;teemed of euery man an in&s;olent, &s;editious, and impatient &s;ouldier. Murmure not again&s;t thy Cap|taine with thy tongue, but rather lament in thy heart thy euill fortune, re&s;ting content with that portion of victuals his Sergeant &s;hall giue thee for that day. Seeme ioyfull whil&s;t thy Captaine is merry, and &s;orrowfull when he is grieued, yeelding comfort and con&s;olation, together with faithfull coun&s;ell, as the cau&s;e requireth.</P>
<P>Shew not thy &s;elfe full of wrath and malcontent, for want of thy wonted pay, although thou manife&s;tly per|ceiue the &s;ame to proceed of the couetou&s;ne&s;&s;e of thy Captaine: but di&s;&s;emble and &s;hew him &s;o gratefull a countenance, that he thereby may be moued to pay the band, if not all, at the lea&s;t part. If the&s;e delayes proceed not by his fault, and that therefore hee laments thy lin|gring want: make free offer vnto him to &s;uffer all lacke and di&s;commoditie to plea&s;ure him withall: whereby he &s;hall be maruellou&s;ly moued, and much more bound to loue a curteous &s;ouldier.</P>
<P>Doe not mole&s;t him with demaunding more &s;uccour and pre&s;t-money, then thou ha&s;t need of, yea and that when needy force con&s;traines.</P>
<P>Report not any thing but that which is profitable and beneficiall for the publike State: for otherwi&s;e thou &s;halt be accounted a malicious Detractour, in&s;olent, and in|&s;upportable, making rehear&s;all of euery little trifle, wher|by hatred is gained in exchange of gaining fauour. Faile neuer in the diligent execution of thy duty, and make &s;hew of thy forwardne&s;&s;e, euen purpo&s;ely with the fir&s;t, euen in tho&s;e things that appertaine not to thy charge.</P>
<P>Di&s;obey not the Captaines or Generals precepts, nor
<PB N="48" REF="30"> with&s;tand the martiall lawes: neither affirme that any thing is euill wrought which is done, for it appertaines not to a &s;ouldier to reprehend: but to a Councellor to admoni&s;h. Do not importune thy Captaine to reward thy trauell and &s;eruice, but attend his liberalitie: for if thou become importunate, he will likewi&s;e become <HI>Mar|cus Cra&s;&s;us,</HI> who at the fir&s;t v&s;ing great liberality, being continually and ouermuch craued, became at the la&s;t extreame couetous.</P>
<P>Pre&s;ent him neuer with any thing, &s;pecially with any thing of value: for thy captaine which hath no neede of that which is thine, and perceiuing thee to pre&s;ent him that which is not corre&s;pondent to the merite of his wor|thine&s;&s;e will e&s;teeme the &s;ame to be done in manner of merchandi&s;e, as proceeding of craft: but if thy Captaine demaund any thing vnder &s;hew of prai&s;ing and com|mending the &s;ame, or the beautie thereof, it is then re|qui&s;ite that the &s;ame be liberally be&s;towed vpon him, it being a curteous demaund, which hee commonly will magnificently recompence, as did <HI>Artaxerxes.</HI></P>
<P>Accept neuer any thing of thy enemy &s;ouldier, nei|ther receiue any letter, yea if it &s;hould be from thy father, without licence of thy Captaine Generall, as a thing which only appertaines to Councellors and Chieftaines: for thy Captaine would become iealous ouer thy fideli|tie, &s;u&s;pecting that thou wert corrupted. There is ano|ther note, &s;pecially to aduerti&s;e all &s;ouldiers of, that they doe not ra&s;hly, neither of purpo&s;e di&s;daine to be gouern|ed and commaunded of a Captaine, which is perchaunce of no auncient hou&s;e, as an infinite number of fond and pre&s;umptuous fellowes doe now adaies: who being rude and ru&s;ticall Clownes, di&s;daine to be guided by Cap|taines,
<PB N="49" REF="30"> who&s;e valour and vertue, and not who&s;e auncient &s;tocke, hath giuen them that degree, being a&s;cended to &s;o high honour by the &s;teps of vertue: for I haue &s;eene &s;ome that but lately haue left their nedles, their hammers, and their &s;pades, hauing &s;carce &s;eene a &s;mall skirmi&s;h, but that they pre&s;ume them&s;elues to be expert Souldiers, and will &s;ay, what is my Captaines valour more then mine? Is not he of ba&s;e degree as well as I? not con&s;idering that we be all &s;prung out of one &s;tocke, but that our valour and vertue hath made vs noble, as hath beene verified in diuers Princes, Kings and Emperours, as <HI>Caius Marius, Lucius Quintus Cincinatus, Attilius Collatinus, Valentinia|nus, Maximinianus, Franci&s;co Carmognuolo, Iulian Romero,</HI> and <HI>Mondragon,</HI> be&s;ides diuers others moe, which at this day doe liue, being exalted by the degrees and way of vertue, to the tippe of &s;uch prai&s;e as is mo&s;t conuenient to worthy Captaines: and therefore no &s;ouldier ought to di&s;daine to be gouerned by &s;uch, who&s;e vertue hath made noble their mindes.</P>
<P>And moreouer, if any &s;uch a one that is become Cap|taine, either by meanes of fauour or vertue, bee blotted with &s;ome vice or defect, yet wee ought not to di&s;obey him: for <HI>Cae&s;ar</HI> was ambitious, great <HI>Alexander</HI> a Drun|kard; <HI>Hanniball</HI> vnfaithfull, cruell, and without religion; <HI>Fabius Maximus</HI> by lingring e&s;teemed a Coward; <HI>Marcel|lus</HI> ra&s;h and vnadui&s;ed: And therefore although thy Cap|taine be accounted mo&s;t vicious yet if he know how to gouerne and guide his charge, a &s;ouldier mu&s;t obey him, and neither calumniou&s;ly reprehend him, nor corruptly imitate and ob&s;erue his vices, but duely and directly ful|fill his precepts: &s;o that no &s;ouldier or Gentleman, of what Great-hou&s;e &s;oeuer, ought to di&s;daine to be com|manded
<PB N="50" REF="31"> of &s;uch as haue ri&s;en by vertue, to the height of honour, neither any man, how great of linage &s;oeuer he be, to di&s;daine to accept le&s;&s;e degrees then a Captaine. For tho&s;e be the &s;teps by the which he mu&s;t a&s;cend vnto higher dignitie, as many auncient and noble per&s;onages haue done, who from inferiour degrees by little and little haue come to &s;uperiour, whereof the great Emperour <HI>Caius Iulius Cae&s;ar</HI> may be example: who being borne of a noble-hou&s;e among&s;t the <HI>Romanes,</HI> was fir&s;t cho&s;en Pretor in <HI>Spaine</HI> (a ba&s;e office in re&s;pect of his worthy parentage) as being reputed vnworthy of any greater office.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 N="5" TYPE="chapter">
<HEAD><HI>CHAP. V.</HI> Martiall and Militarie lawes, whereunto Souldiers of all de|grees mu&s;t be &s;worne, to keepe and maintaine inuiolated at all times and in all places, whether they &s;erue Emperour, King or Prince.</HEAD>
<P N="1">1 FIr&s;t, he that contrary to the word of God (whom in all our actions we mu&s;t fir&s;t haue re&s;pect vnto) doth maintaine, per&s;wade, and fauour any infidelitie, here&s;ie, &s;chi&s;me, &s;trange or new religion what&s;oeuer, and doth not cleaue to the true Chri&s;tian faith, &s;hall incurre the law appertaining.</P>
<P N="2">2 <HI>Item</HI> that tho&s;e which without the feare of GOD de&s;pi&s;e and deride his holy word, be puni&s;hed accor|dingly.</P>
<P N="3">3 <HI>Item</HI> that no man &s;peake again&s;t the Chri&s;tian catho|like faith, neither write again&s;t the &s;ame.</P>
<P N="4"><PB N="51" REF="31">4 <HI>Item</HI> that no &s;ouldier of what&s;oeuer degree or of|fice he be doe breake, &s;poile, abu&s;e or prophane any Church.</P>
<P N="5">5 <HI>Item,</HI> that no &s;ouldier omit or ab&s;ent him&s;elfe from diuine &s;eruice, if his Princes vrgent affaires will admit him to be pre&s;ent.</P>
<P N="6">6 <HI>Item,</HI> that all &s;ouldiers ob&s;erue and keepe the pre|cepts of the Church.</P>
<P N="7">7 <HI>Item,</HI> that contrariwi&s;e, no man be &s;o hardy to out|rage any Church-man, either in word, deed, or any other &s;ini&s;ter meanes, but in liew thereof, carrie a reuerent re|&s;pect to all and euery of them.</P>
<P N="8">8 <HI>Item,</HI> that in like &s;ort no man go about to defloure, commit adultery or fornication, with virgins, wiues, or widowes, neither by force, neither by other accident (vnle&s;&s;e the party were con&s;enting, and the matter &s;ecret, which neuerthele&s;&s;e is not lawfull before the face of God) vpon paine of death without mercy.</P>
<P N="9">9 <HI>Item,</HI> that no man &s;hall de&s;troy, ruinate, endomage, or &s;et onfire any &s;acred place, without licence of the Cap|taine or Generall.</P>
<P N="10">10 <HI>Item,</HI> together with the&s;e fore&s;aid ca&s;es, who&s;o|euer &s;hall bla&s;pheme, reuile or horribly &s;weare by the Al|mighty name of God, by his diuine Word and Sacra|ments, let &s;uch a peruer&s;e, impious and bla&s;pheming per&s;on be puni&s;hed openly, and to the terrour of the re&s;t let it be executed: for no doubt the plague of the highe&s;t will not depart from the tents of bla&s;phemers and de&s;pi|&s;ers of religion: for how &s;hould wee v&s;e iu&s;tice indiffe|rently vnto men, when we are content with &s;ilence to &s;uf|fer &s;uch iniurie to be committed again&s;t God? Therefore fir&s;t the offences done again&s;t God mu&s;t be &s;traightly pu|ni&s;hed,
<PB N="52" REF="32"> and he then will giue thee wi&s;edome to decide the re&s;t, and triumphant victorie ouer thine enemies.</P>
<P N="11">11 <HI>Item,</HI> all &s;ouldiers in generall, hauing taken their oath to &s;erue God and aduance his word, they &s;hall then next be &s;worne to be true, iu&s;t, and dutifull to their Lord and Soueraigne, and his graund Generall, or chiefe Cap|taine of the field, to be tractable and obedient vnto eue|ry Officer placed and appointed to rule ouer him, and to be ready both day and night to &s;erue, whether it be by land or by water, as occa&s;ion of &s;eruice &s;hall fall out and require: and who&s;oeuer doth repine or &s;heweth di&s;obe|dience herein, of what degree or condition &s;oeuer he be, he mu&s;t be duly puni&s;hed by the iudgement of the Supe|riours, appointed for that purpo&s;e.</P>
<P N="12">12 <HI>Item,</HI> that when&s;oeuer any Chieftaine or Captaine of any band, &s;hall vpon vrgent cau&s;es appoint in his ab|&s;ence any other whom he &s;hall thinke good, to &s;upply and execute his roome of Captain&s;hip; euery man ought to follow and obey the &s;aid Deputie with no le&s;&s;e care and diligence, then they would the Captaine him&s;elfe vpon paine of &s;uch puni&s;hment as the Generall or his a&s;|&s;ignes &s;hall appoint.</P>
<P N="13">13 <HI>Item,</HI> that all Souldiers mu&s;t content them&s;elues with their places appointed, being ioyned together in bands, or &s;euerall without re&s;i&s;tance, whether it bee in marching, watching, incamping, or be&s;ieging, being al&s;o commanded thereunto by the Captaine or other Offi|cers, vpon &s;uch paine as &s;hall be thought good by the Captaine.</P>
<P N="14">14 <HI>Item,</HI> that euery Souldier &s;hall for his honour &s;ake, gladly fauour, and mercifully forbeare vnto the vttermo&s;t of his power all women lying in childbed, or being with
<PB N="53" REF="32"> childe, or lately deliuered from childe, to defend and &s;uccour them from the rage of the cruell and rude &s;oul|diers, or others which follow the campe for &s;poile. Al&s;o it behoueth, as I &s;aid before, that all &s;ouldiers defend all Prie&s;ts of godly calling, and all &s;pirituall per&s;ons: but now adaies they be the fir&s;t to whom abu&s;e is offered, of what opinion or religion &s;oeuer they be: but God no doubt will iu&s;tly plague all &s;uch before they be aware, and when they lea&s;t &s;u&s;pect it.</P>
<P N="15">15 <HI>Item,</HI> that euery &s;ouldier &s;hall &s;erue, and is by the law of armes bound by long cu&s;tome to &s;erue 30. daies for euery month, and after that rate he &s;hall receiue his monthes wages.</P>
<P N="16">16 <HI>Item,</HI> if that any &s;ouldier haue receiued his monthes wages aforehand, or any part thereof, and departeth without leaue or pa&s;port from his CAP|TAINE, and hath not &s;erued for it, he or they ap|prehended, &s;hall for the &s;aid offence be aiudged to die.</P>
<P N="17">17 <HI>Item,</HI> if there be any Souldier or Souldiers that in marching, breake his or their aray without iu&s;t occa|&s;ion enforcing them, then the Prouo&s;t Mar&s;hall, Lieu|tenant of the band, or Sergeant, &s;hall compell him or them with violence to keepe his or their ranckes in or|der: and if &s;o be that he or they &s;o di&s;ordered, doe chance in this ca&s;e to be &s;laine, there &s;hall no man bee blamed by his or their deaths, by the law of the field, for by &s;uch di&s;ordered people the whole armie may be in danger of ruinating by the enemie.</P>
<P N="18">18 <HI>Item,</HI> if that by the appointment of the cheife RVLERS of the ARMIE, there bee a battaile fought, and that by the MIGHTY POWER OF GOD, the victorie be obtained on your &s;ide, the law
<PB N="54" REF="33"> of armes is &s;uch, that if any &s;ouldier hath receiued his monthes wages aforehand, he &s;hall be di&s;charged of the &s;ame, neither &s;hall he &s;erue any longer for the &s;aid wages, after the day of victory, neither &s;hall owe any thing for it, but he &s;hall be &s;et free from the months &s;eruice.</P>
<P N="19">19 <HI>Item,</HI> if it chance that in time of skirmi&s;h, or in any other conflict with the enemie, &s;ome one doe aduen|ture to flie and runne away from his Fellowes, if in the flying his Captaine or any other &s;ouldier by &s;hooting at him, or by &s;triking at him doe chance to kill him, they &s;hall incurre no danger for &s;o doing: and if &s;uch a flier chance to e&s;cape at that time, and afterwards be taken, let him according to the law of armes &s;uffer death for the &s;ame: for one &s;uch a Recreant may be the ouerthrow of a great multitude.</P>
<P N="20">20 <HI>Item,</HI> it &s;tandeth with the law of armes, that each common &s;ouldier &s;hall be &s;worne, that they will not haue among&s;t them&s;elues any priuate coun&s;els, a&s;&s;em|blies or conuenticles, vpon paine of the lo&s;&s;e of their liues.</P>
<P N="21">21 <HI>Item,</HI> there &s;hall no &s;ouldier, neither in time of marching, nor during the time of their incamping, hold or keepe any whi&s;pering or talke, or &s;ecretly conuey any letters vnto their aduer&s;aries, without licence from the chiefe Captaine, vpon paine of the lo&s;&s;e of his life.</P>
<P N="22">22 <HI>Item,</HI> if there be any one, or more number, that &s;hall go about any trea&s;on, or any other con&s;piracie to be committed again&s;t the campe or garri&s;on, &s;uch a Trai|tor or con&s;pirator &s;hall be accu&s;ed vnto the Knight Mar|&s;hall, and he that bewraieth and accu&s;eth &s;uch an Offen|dor, &s;hall haue for his reward a monthes wages or more, as the fact is hainous: &s;o the reward is to bee increa&s;ed
<PB N="55" REF="33"> vnto the partie that reuileth the &s;ame, and the Offendor to receiue the reward of a fal&s;e Traitor.</P>
<P N="23">23 <HI>Item,</HI> that no &s;ouldier &s;hall be &s;uffered to bee of a Ruffian-like behauiour, either to prouoke or to giue any blow or thru&s;t, or otherwi&s;e wilfully &s;trike with his dag|ger, to iniury any his fellow-&s;ouldiers with any weapon, whereby mutinies many times en&s;ue, vpon paine of the lo&s;&s;e of his life.</P>
<P N="24">24 <HI>Item,</HI> if any one beareth hatred or malice, or any euill will for any occa&s;ion done vnto him, and &s;o &s;triketh him, he loo&s;eth his hand, if otherwi&s;e he &s;eeketh reuenge, then by the law he loo&s;eth his life.</P>
<P N="25">25 <HI>Item,</HI> if any Souldier bee warned to watch and ward, and he doe not come, he &s;hall be puni&s;hed at the di&s;cretion of the Captaine: but if any &s;ouldier be &s;um|moned to watch, and he appeare, and after the watch-word giuen, and the watch &s;et, he departeth and leaueth the watch, &s;uch a one &s;hall without mercy be puni&s;hed with the lo&s;&s;e of his life: neither &s;hall any man &s;et an o|ther to watch in his place without the leaue of the Cap|taine, vpon paine of his life.</P>
<P N="26">26 <HI>Item,</HI> that no &s;ouldier or &s;ouldiers draw his or their &s;words, or v&s;e any other kinde of weapon, with violence to doe hurt with, in or without the campe, du|ring the time of the warres, vpon paine of death. It hath lately beene v&s;ed with more fauour of life, as &s;uch an Offendor to loo&s;e his hand: but it is the di&s;cretion of the Lord chiefe Generall, in who&s;e hands lieth both the life and death of the Offendors after their arraignment and iu&s;t condemnation.</P>
<P N="27">27 <HI>Item,</HI> the like law is again&s;t the Officer and Offi|cers of any band in the campe, if he &s;trike any Souldier
<PB N="56" REF="34" MS="y"> without &s;uch occa&s;ion, as is permitted him in the arti|cles to doe, otherwi&s;e he may defend him&s;elfe.</P>
<P N="28">28 <HI>Item,</HI> that no per&s;on or per&s;ons pre&s;ume to be mu&s;tered, or to take wages before hee be &s;worne to bee faithfull, and truely to &s;erue his Prince in tho&s;e warres pre&s;ent, vpon paine of death.</P>
<P N="29">29 <HI>Item,</HI> that the Harold at armes &s;hall proclaime and publi&s;h all that the Generall &s;hall giue him in charge, in the place and places where he is commanded, and not to adde or dimini&s;h any part or parcell thereof vpon paine of death.</P>
<P N="30">30 <HI>Item,</HI> there &s;hall no Souldiers or other men, pro|cure or &s;tirre-vp any quarrell with any &s;tranger, that is of any other nation and &s;uch as &s;erue vnder one head and Lord with them, neither in their gaming or otherwi&s;e, vpon paine of the lo&s;&s;e of his life.</P>
<P N="31">31 <HI>Item,</HI> there &s;hall no &s;ouldier or other per&s;on, being in campe or march, take away any thing from any man being their friend, by violence or deceipt, as their victuals or other nece&s;&s;aries, vpon paine of the lo&s;&s;e of his life.</P>
<P N="32">32 <HI>Item,</HI> when there are any victuals carried or brought vnto the campe, no man &s;hall runne out to take any part of them before they be brought to the appoin|ted place for the purpo&s;e: no though they offer for them more then they be worth, vpon paine of the lo&s;&s;e of his life.</P>
<P N="33">33 <HI>Item,</HI> if that the Prouo&s;t Martiall haue at any time taken an Offendor, and according to his office, he carieth him to be puni&s;hed: and if that one or more Souldiers &s;eeke to re&s;cue the &s;aid malefactor, and in this &s;tirre the Offendor e&s;cape, he or they that are the occa&s;ion of this e&s;cape, &s;hall be puni&s;hed with the like puni&s;hment as
<PB N="57" REF="34"> the Malefactor &s;hould haue beene, whether it be by life, or otherwi&s;e, according as the waight of the crime re|quireth.</P>
<P N="34">34 <HI>Item,</HI> if there be any found, that hath entered his name vnder two Captaines, and hath taken wages, ar|mour and weapons before-hand: &s;uch a per&s;on &s;hall be taken for a periured man, and by the law of armes, &s;hall for the &s;ame lo&s;e his life.</P>
<P N="35">35 <HI>Item,</HI> if any man hath a place appointed him by the Harbinger or Officers for his tent or lodging, hee mu&s;t hold him&s;elfe content withall: neither &s;hall hee mo|le&s;t any man lodging within his tent or cabbin, or other lodging at any time, for any occa&s;ion vpon paine of the chiefe captaines di&s;plea&s;ure, and &s;uch puni&s;hment as he &s;hall thinke mo&s;t fit for the offence.</P>
<P N="36">36 <HI>Item,</HI> that no man &s;hall &s;ound and make any alarme, except it be neede, or vpon commandment from the higher Officers, vpon paine of the lo&s;&s;e of his life.</P>
<P N="37">37 <HI>Item,</HI> when of nece&s;&s;itie the alarme is made, each man mu&s;t be&s;tirre him to be ready for battaile, vpon paine of the lo&s;&s;e of his life.</P>
<P N="38">38 <HI>Item,</HI> at the fir&s;t warning of the drumme or &s;e|cretly, all Souldiers mu&s;t be in a readine&s;&s;e, and re&s;ort to the place appointed, which commonly is the market place (being fir&s;t of all vnited with his En&s;igne) and from thence in order of aray to the enemies, as they be com|manded, vpon the paine of the lo&s;&s;e of his life.</P>
<P N="39">39 <HI>Item,</HI> all &s;ouldiers, being Hor&s;emen or Foote|men, mu&s;t diligently in order of aray by &s;ound of drum or trumpet, accompany the En&s;igne to watch, ward, or releife of the &s;ame, being there &s;ilently in a readine&s;&s;e to with&s;tand or di&s;couer the enemies: and as occa&s;ion &s;hall
<PB N="58" REF="35"> &s;erue to brute the alarme, with the v&s;uall word arme, arme, or bowes, bowes, if numbers or any bandes be in pay, vpon paine of lo&s;&s;e of their liues.</P>
<P N="40">40 <HI>Item,</HI> all &s;ouldiers mu&s;t keepe their armour and weapons faire, cleane and &s;eruiceable in a readine&s;&s;e at e|uery &s;odaine, none intermedling but with his owne, eue|rie one to helpe other to arme, and diligently to re&s;ort to the place of &s;eruice, at &s;crie, and larum vpon paine.</P>
<P N="41">41 <HI>Item;</HI> all &s;ouldiers mu&s;t hone&s;tly intreate, and true|ly pay Victuallers and Artificers, allowed for the releefe, being friends or enemies, and with curteous words en|courage &s;uch to victuall, and releeue the companies or camps vpon paine.</P>
<P N="42">42 <HI>Item,</HI> all &s;ouldiers, in watch, ward, march, or o|therwi&s;e, &s;hall haue &s;peciall regard, that if there be man or woman de&s;irous to &s;peake with the Superiours, or be|ing thy enemies for feare doe for&s;ake his owne power, and re&s;ort to thee: let &s;uch &s;ecretly be conueied to the Lord chiefe Generall, regarding that they view no &s;ecrets, lea&s;t they be double &s;pies vpon paine of the lo&s;&s;e of their liues.</P>
<P N="43">43 <HI>Item,</HI> Captaines and Officers, mu&s;t oft frequent and re&s;ort vnto the Souldiers lodging to &s;ee in what &s;tate their armour and munitions be, and to giue great charge that their furniture be alwaies in a readine&s;&s;e, the r cor&s;lets with all peices belonging to the &s;ame, and their caliuers to be made cleane and oiled, to haue match and pouder drie, bullets fit for their peeces, &s;trings whipped for their bowes, their billes and halberds to be kept &s;harpe. And often to view euery particular vpon paine.</P>
<P N="44">44 <HI>Item,</HI> he that &s;hall depart out of the place where he &s;hall be put, by his Head or any Officer what&s;oeuer,
<PB N="59" REF="35"> for a lo&s;t Sentinell, Spie, Watchman, Scout, or Warder, a&s;well by day as by night, as it often happeneth, to di&s;co|uer &s;ome dealings of the enemie, without attending and &s;taying for him, that placed him there, to take him away, except he &s;hould remoue in ha&s;t to aduerti&s;e his head of the &s;ucce&s;&s;e of the enemies a&s;&s;aulting or doing any out|rage, &s;hall be puni&s;hed with death.</P>
<P N="45">45 <HI>Item,</HI> who&s;oeuer &s;hould ra&s;hly offend or hurt, either in word or deeds, any man belonging to the Depu|ties or head Officers of iu&s;tice or Captaine, there being in pay for Sergeants. And they being appointed to carrie no other weapon, with &s;teles or &s;taues, but bills or hal|berds, they may be knowne for men of iu&s;tice, and not for Souldiers.</P>
<P N="46">46 <HI>Item&punc;</HI> who&s;oeuer &s;tandeth within or without the campe or barres, to watch or &s;cout, and doth his dutie &s;o euill, that thorow his negligence, the enemie &s;etteth vpon the campe at vnawares, he &s;hall die.</P>
<P N="47">47 <HI>Item,</HI> he that vnder colour of doing the dutie of a Scout or Spie, perceiuing the enemies haue a&s;&s;aulted the campe, and he with &s;uch faining lieth &s;till, &s;hall die for it.</P>
<P N="48">48 <HI>Item,</HI> he that &s;hall for&s;ake the defence, in generall or particular, of the batterie, of the breach, of the pa&s;&s;age of a bridge, or other like to him committed, but lightly, not forced goeth away, &s;hall be for &s;o offending, pu|ni&s;hed with death.</P>
<P N="49">49 <HI>Item,</HI> who&s;oeuer entring into a Citie taken by force, followeth not his En&s;igne whither &s;oeuer it &s;hall go, vntill the Generall make Proclamation, that euery man &s;hall take booties: And if the Generall cau&s;e no &s;uch Proclamation, to be made, and that &s;ouldiers make
<PB N="60" REF="36"> &s;poile, he &s;hall incurre the paine of death, and if procla|mation be made that they &s;hall cea&s;e from taking preies and booties, and after licence giuen, if they giue not o|uer, they &s;hall fall into the &s;ame puni&s;hment.</P>
<P N="50">50 <HI>Item,</HI> who&s;oeuer &s;eeing the En&s;igne, vnder the which he warreth in fraies or fight, by chance be falne in the handes of the enemies, if he be there pre&s;ent, and doe not his indeauour to recouer it, and when it is co|wardly lo&s;t, to puni&s;h the Souldiers which haue &s;uffered it to be cowardly lo&s;t, with death.</P>
<P N="51">51 <HI>Item,</HI> he that &s;hall flee from the battaile, being in the face and front of the enemies, or &s;hall go &s;lowly and &s;lackly to ioyne, and afront with them, in ca&s;e it be to fight a field battaile, or in any skirmi&s;h what&s;oeuer, &s;hall be puni&s;hed with death.</P>
<P N="52">52 <HI>Item,</HI> he that &s;hall faine him&s;elfe &s;icke, to auoid the fighting of the enemie, or becau&s;e he would not go to any other enterpri&s;e to v&s;e his hands, but (I meane) there for to rob, for to &s;uch affaires they will bee ready enough, &s;hall be cruelly puni&s;hed.</P>
<P N="53">53 <HI>Item,</HI> who&s;oeuer &s;eeing his Generall, or his Cap|taine, or other Coronell, and Officer of the campe, in the hand of the enemies, and &s;uccoureth him not with all his power, and may doe it, not re&s;pecting any danger, &s;hall &s;uffer death.</P>
<P N="54">54 <HI>Item,</HI> he that &s;hall rob or &s;poile the people of the Countrie, or Subiects, or Va&s;&s;els of the Prince he &s;erueth, &s;hal die.</P>
<P N="55">55 <HI>Item,</HI> he that by theft &s;hould &s;teale or rob the ar|mour, weapons or hor&s;es, or other thing from any other, &s;eruing again&s;t the enemies, &s;hall die.</P>
<P N="56">56 <HI>Item,</HI> he that &s;hould ran&s;ome or taxe, or otherwi&s;e
<PB N="61" REF="36"> mi&s;-v&s;e the people of the Countrie, except they &s;hould be enemies or rebels to the Prince, &s;hall bee greatly puni&s;hed.</P>
<P N="57">57 <HI>Item,</HI> he that &s;hall play at any game for his armor, weapons or hor&s;es, which are written vpon the roll, or through his negligence &s;hall lo&s;e them, or lend, giue a|way, or lay them to pawne, let him die.</P>
<P N="58">58 <HI>Item,</HI> he that goeth further then two hundred &s;teppes or paces from his quarter, without licence of his Captaine, &s;pecially when the campe looketh or &s;taieth to be a&s;&s;aulted by the enemies, except he &s;hould be &s;ent for by his Heads, &s;hall be puni&s;hed with death.</P>
<P N="59">59 <HI>Item,</HI> he that &s;hall go longer then the houre ap|pointed in the night abroad, in the campe wandring, except he &s;hould be &s;ent by his Superiours for a matter of weight, from head Captaine to head Captaine, by a counter-token, &s;hall be cruelly puni&s;hed.</P>
<P N="60">60 <HI>Item,</HI> he that &s;hall lodge &s;trangers, whether he be of the campe or not, without licence of the Generall or of his Captaine, either in his lodging or vnder a tent, ex|cept he be of his chamber or &s;quadron, or by the Cap|taine appointed for &s;eruice forth of the campe, &s;hall bee puni&s;hed. But euery one ought to be in the night with their Camerads and chamber-fellowes, and not to be di|uided from their lodgings, that occa&s;ion &s;eruing, they may be ready with their weapons in their hands: neither ought they to lodge watch, or &s;coutes, or of the &s;earch: for that the Spies hauing no lodging, any excu&s;e being found out, may the better be apprehended. Al&s;o if the Scout-watch be taken from their quarter, faining to be a &s;ouldier of the campe when they are to &s;pie in the night: they for &s;o offending &s;hal be cruelly puni&s;hed with death.</P>
<P N="61"><PB N="62" REF="37">61 <HI>Item,</HI> who&s;oeuer &s;hall make any words, deedes, or que&s;tions in the ward, or in an ambu&s;h, or in other place, where re&s;pect and &s;ilence is needfull, &s;hall be pu|ni&s;hed.</P>
<P N="62">62 <HI>Item,</HI> he that &s;hould be reuenged of any iniurie receiued, either newly or before time done, by any in|direct way: that is traiterou&s;ly and not by way of rea&s;on, or by way of combate, body to body, by the licence of his Generall, &s;hall &s;uffer death.</P>
<P N="63">63 <HI>Item,</HI> he that &s;hould dare be &s;o bold as to play with fal&s;e cardes and dice, or &s;hould v&s;e in play any pri|uie fal&s;hood, theft or deceit in any wi&s;e, &s;hall be puni&s;hed.</P>
<P N="64">64 <HI>Item,</HI> he that of pre&s;umption &s;hould pa&s;&s;e out of his place into another, either before the bartell or in marching, &s;hould out of order make ha&s;t to go before, to be the fir&s;t that &s;hould come to the lodging of the campe, or in marching &s;hould go out of his ranke from one battaile to another, or hee that doth not ob&s;erue the order of marching, &s;hall die.</P>
<P N="65">65 <HI>Item,</HI> he that &s;hall taske or ran&s;ome vpon his Ho&s;t or Lodger, or vpon any other that is not his lawfull Pri&s;oner by good order of warre, and that he is lawfully taken, the ran&s;ome excell not the articles of agreement, that there bee a iu&s;t ran&s;ome &s;et, vpon paine of pu|ni&s;hment.</P>
<P N="66">66 <HI>Item,</HI> he that &s;hall enter in, or go forth by any o|ther gate, &s;treet or way, then that which &s;hall bee accu|&s;tomed, into the Citie, pales, or li&s;t, or fort, where the campe is lodged, that is going ouer the walles, or vnder &s;ome breach, and not by the ordinary gate, let him fall into the paine of death.</P>
<P N="67">67 <HI>Item,</HI> who&s;oeuer doth not immediately retire,
<PB N="63" REF="37"> when he &s;hall heare the trumpet or drumme, &s;ound the retreat, either of a &s;et battaile, or of a skirmi&s;h or battery, or of any other fight, or &s;hould go in or come forth of the City, when the a&s;&s;ault is giuen to the walles thereof, &s;hall die.</P>
<P N="68">68 <HI>Item,</HI> he that &s;peaketh, or calleth, or crieth aloud, among&s;t the ordinance, or in battaile, or in any place where &s;ilence needeth, except he were a Head, or other Officer, or Sergeant, commaunding &s;ome new order, &s;hall die.</P>
<P N="69">69 <HI>Item,</HI> he that &s;hall commit any thing what&s;oeuer it be, whereby it may be coniectured, that it is again&s;t the Prince, and domageable to the Generall and the campe, &s;hall die.</P>
<P N="70">70 <HI>Item,</HI> Drummes and Fifes mu&s;t oft &s;ound and ex|erci&s;e their in&s;truments, warning as the mouth of man, to all points of &s;eruice: &s;o mu&s;t &s;ouldiers diligently learne and ob&s;erue the meaning of the &s;ame, that none plead ignorance, neglecting their duties to &s;eruice appertaining. Al&s;o &s;ometimes they &s;hall receiue from the higher Of|ficers or Captaines, &s;ecret commandements by word of mouth, the which mu&s;t with all diligence be ob&s;erued, and truely executed vpon the lo&s;&s;e of their liues.</P>
<P N="71">71 <HI>Item,</HI> no man in their marching through what place &s;oeuer they &s;hall pa&s;&s;e, &s;hall &s;et any thing on fire, as not their cabbins and incamped place at their depart|ing, without commandement from the chiefe Generall, vpon the paine of the lo&s;&s;e of their liues.</P>
<P N="72">72 <HI>Item,</HI> if at any time, any man &s;hall in the time of his drunkene&s;&s;e quarrell and fight with his fellow, and in &s;o doing, chance to kill him, he &s;hall in &s;o doing receiue as great puni&s;hment by death, as if he had beene &s;ober.</P>
<P N="73"><PB N="64" REF="38">73 <HI>Item,</HI> if any &s;ouldier doe drinke him&s;elfe drunke, or be found drunke, within the compa&s;&s;e of the day and night of his watch and &s;pecially if he be vnable to &s;tand in Sentinell, or doe his dutie, &s;uch a one mu&s;t be mo&s;t &s;e|uerely puni&s;hed.</P>
<P N="74">74 <HI>Item,</HI> note that &s;ouldiers &s;hall &s;weare at their fir&s;t entring into &s;eruice that they will faithfully and truely &s;erue their Captaine for &s;ix monthes together, and when the &s;ix monthes are expired, they &s;hall &s;weare to &s;erue him &s;ix monthes more, if he need them: And if the Captaine needeth them not &s;o long, but mindes to di&s;|charge his band, the Captaine &s;hall allow each of them halfe a monthes wages at his departing, and &s;o di&s;charge them.</P>
<P N="75">75 <HI>Item,</HI> there &s;hall no man make any &s;hout, or other &s;tirring noi&s;e in any corner or open place of citie, towne, ca&s;tle, fort or campe, whereby any danger or inconue|nience may grow vnto the company any manner of waies, on paine of the lo&s;&s;e of his life.</P>
<P N="76">76 <HI>Item,</HI> he that &s;hall di&s;clo&s;e the watch-word to ene|mie or friends, except it be to &s;uch a one as he &s;hall bee appointed by his Gouernour: or &s;hall be found a &s;leepe in the watch, &s;cout, or ward, &s;hall be puni&s;hed with death.</P>
<P N="77">77 <HI>Item,</HI> if any Captaine for corruption &s;ake, &s;hall giue licence to his owne &s;ouldier, or to any other &s;oul|dier without the licence of the Generall to depart the campe, &s;hall receiue the &s;ame puni&s;hment that the &s;oul|dier &s;hould receiue.</P>
<P N="78">78 <HI>Item,</HI> that no &s;ouldier &s;hould go out of the campe in the night time without the watch-word, in danger of his life, for if he be &s;laine &s;o by the watch, there is no blame to be laid vpon them that kill him.</P>
<P N="79"><PB N="65" REF="38">79 <HI>Item,</HI> there &s;hall no &s;ouldier go out of the campe without his armour and other weapons vpon the paine of the lo&s;&s;e of his life.</P>
<P N="80">80 <HI>Item,</HI> euery captaine &s;hall be &s;worne, that he &s;hall charge euery Corporall vpon his oath, that hee &s;hall de|nounce euery Souldier that is vnder his charge, and that is not able and meete to &s;erue.</P>
<P N="81">81 <HI>Item,</HI> in like ca&s;e if the &s;aid Corporall &s;hall receiue any new or &s;trange &s;ouldier into his band, his part and dutie is, that he giue vnto the higher Captaine know|ledge thereof.</P>
<P N="82">82 <HI>Item,</HI> no man of what condition &s;oeuer he be, &s;hall be &s;o bold as to conuey away any Offendor vpon the paine of the lo&s;&s;e of his life.</P>
<P N="83">83 <HI>Item,</HI> that euery &s;ouldier &s;hall haue vpon his vt|termo&s;t garment &s;ome &s;peciall &s;igne or token, whereby he may be knowne, &s;uch a one as the higher Captaines &s;hall agree vpon. As for example, he &s;hall haue vpon his garment a red-cro&s;&s;e, and vpon his armour a red-lace or &s;uch like, whereby he may the better be knowne of his fellowes: and if there be any &s;hall be found without the &s;aid &s;ignes and tokens, he &s;hall be v&s;ed as an Aduer&s;ary, or enemy.</P>
<P N="84">84 <HI>Item,</HI> that all &s;ouldiers, entring into battaile, a&s;|&s;ault, skirmi&s;h, or other faction of armes, &s;hall haue for their common crie and word <HI>S. George, S. George,</HI> for|ward or vpon them, <HI>S. George,</HI> whereby the &s;ouldier is much comforted, and the enemie di&s;maide, by calling to minde the auncient valour of <HI>England,</HI> which with that name hath beene &s;o often victorious, and therefore he that &s;hall maliciou&s;ly omit it &s;hall be &s;euerely puni&s;h|ed for his ob&s;tinacie.</P>
<P N="85"><PB N="66" REF="39">85 <HI>Item,</HI> if any Captaine or other Officers &s;hall pro|cure skirmi&s;h, or fight the battaile without command|ment from the higher Officers, for &s;o offending, they &s;hall receiue death.</P>
<P N="86">86 <HI>Item,</HI> if that any number of &s;ouldiers be comman|ded, and placed by the head Captaines; to defend or keep any citie, tower, ca&s;tle or fort, or any other place, and they being &s;harpely a&s;&s;aulted by the enemie, once, twice, or thrice, or oftner, in this ca&s;e the law of Armes is, that the Lord Generall &s;hall allow, and pay vnto &s;uch a num|ber of Souldiers but ordinarie wages: neither is there by law of armes any thing more due vnto them: And if the &s;aid ca&s;tles, towers, or fortre&s;&s;e, &s;hall be &s;old or be be|traied by the &s;aid Captaine, Officers, or &s;ouldiers, or o|therwi&s;e yeelded, without the commandment of the Prince, or at the appointment of the Generall: &s;hall be as fal&s;e Traitors v&s;ed.</P>
<P N="87">87 <HI>Item,</HI> if any Captaine, Lieutenant, Sergeant, Corporall, or other Officer, or &s;ouldiers, giue into the hands of the enemie, any citie, fortre&s;&s;e, tower, or place of defence, doth incurre, as I haue &s;aid, the danger of death, if he by chance be not more then con&s;trained to deliuer vp the &s;ame, or that it is like a man of valour would haue done &s;o: and therefore they ought neuer to abandon the place, for words or letters of the enemie, neither at the &s;ight of the invironing campe: for it is not lawfull for the Ca&s;tellane to leaue his Ca&s;tle, if he haue victuals, men, and munition, or doth hope for &s;uccours. Therefore re&s;pect is to be had, which mu&s;t be holden as a Maxime, that where the place may be defended by a&s;|&s;ault without batterie, that at lea&s;t one a&s;&s;ault is to be a|bidden, and mo to be a&s;pected if it be po&s;&s;ible: and if it
<PB N="67" REF="39"> can &s;uffer batterie, they mu&s;t abide at the lea&s;t a volee of Canons: and if the place be &s;o weake that it cannot &s;u|&s;taine, neither the one nor the other, and that it be farre di&s;tant from &s;uccours: to yeeld doth merit neither pu|ni&s;hment of the Prince, nor of the enemie: but otherwi&s;e being of force, able to &s;u&s;taine the enemies furie, and cowardly or traiterou&s;ly to deliuer the &s;ame, merites death of the one and the other.</P>
<P N="88">88 <HI>Item,</HI> if there be any citie, ca&s;tle or other &s;ort, yeelded vp by the enemie, without expugnation: there &s;hall no man be &s;o bold to enter into the &s;aid place, to &s;poile or otherwi&s;e to kill or doe any outrage, without leaue of the Generall, vpon paine of the lo&s;&s;e of his life.</P>
<P N="89">89 <HI>Item,</HI> there &s;hall no man depart out from the pre|cinct of the campe, with any bootie or &s;poile, without leaue of the chiefe&s;t Officers or head Captaine, vpon the paine of the lo&s;&s;e of his life.</P>
<P N="90">90 <HI>Item,</HI> if any man for feare for&s;aketh the place ap|pointed him to fight in, and for feare throweth downe his weapon, the Officers or Souldiers may kill him with|out any danger.</P>
<P N="91">91 <HI>Item,</HI> if any man &s;aying that he hath done &s;ome wrothy thing in fight, and it be proued contrary, hee &s;hall be puni&s;hed.</P>
<P N="92">92 <HI>Item,</HI> if a Regiment, or Band, &s;hall by mutinies or otherwi&s;e incurre the lawes of the field, it is requi&s;ite and nece&s;&s;ary, for that all &s;hall not be put to death, that euery mans name be taken and put into a bagge, and that the tenth Lot &s;hould be executed: The which although euery man doe not feele, yet neuerthele&s;&s;e he &s;hall feare the euent.</P>
<P N="93">93 <HI>Item,</HI> at &s;uch times as the Generall or Captaine
<PB N="68" REF="40"> doth mu&s;ter, traine, or faine any battaile, skirmi&s;h, a&s;|&s;ault, or other warlike encounter, if any &s;ouldier doth either negligently or wittingly, hurt, maime, or kill his companion with pouder, bullet, or by what meanes &s;o|euer, &s;uch a one &s;hall &s;euerely, and exemplarly be puni&s;h|ed accordingly.</P>
<P N="94">94 <HI>Item,</HI> that each Corporall, and other Officer, &s;hall haue either in written hand or print, the&s;e Martiall lawes, and this booke, wherein a priuate Souldier is in|&s;tructed, bought and prouided at the charges of the whole &s;quadron out of their pay, to the end that it being continually repeated to the Souldiers, no man may plead ignorance, but receiue condigne puni&s;hment according to his offence.</P>
<P N="95">95 <HI>Item,</HI> that euery Captaine, Lieutenant, En&s;igne|bearer, Sergeant or Corporall, &s;o often as their bands, &s;quadrons, and &s;ouldiers enter into ward, &s;hall appoint the Clarke of the band or &s;ome one that can read, once in the day or in the night, to read vnto the company (that mu&s;t attentiuely giue eare) not onely the&s;e Martiall lawes here &s;et downe, but al&s;o all the cour&s;e of the&s;e directions belonging to a priuate &s;ouldier, Corporall, &amp;c. contained in this booke, for their in&s;tructions, vnder paine of open puni&s;hment by the Generall, or Mar&s;hall.</P>
<P N="96">96 <HI>Item,</HI> that the fore&s;aid Officers after one twelue monthes &s;eruice, wherein the &s;ouldier hath had &s;ufficient experience, and is inured in the&s;e precepts and directions, they &s;hall euen as the Schoole-ma&s;ter doth the children, call euery one particularly to account, and examine them &s;euerely herein, and to e&s;teeme tho&s;e for old and perfect &s;ouldiers, that know the&s;e lawes and their dutie by heart, and at their fingers ends, and the re&s;t Bi&s;onians
<PB N="69" REF="40"> and fre&s;h water-&s;ouldiers, that are ignorant, although they haue &s;erued &s;euen yeares, yea and to place them in the mo&s;t &s;eruile &s;eruices. And if there be any that mali|ciou&s;ly or di&s;dainfully per&s;i&s;t in their blunt ignorance, either to di&s;arme them, and di&s;charge them, or el&s;e to pu|ni&s;h them with open &s;hame and infamie.</P>
<P N="97">97 <HI>Item,</HI> if there be any man that &s;hall infring, and not maintaine, confirme, and to his power diligently and dutifully keepe and ob&s;erue the&s;e articles afore&s;aid, &s;uch &s;hall as periured per&s;ons with all &s;eueritie be puni&s;h|ed: And if any &s;ouldier or &s;ouldiers &s;hall offend in any manner of thing that doth belong and appertaine to the dutie of a &s;ouldier, whereof there is no mention made in the&s;e articles, &s;uch an Offender &s;hall be puni&s;hed at the di&s;cretion of the Mar&s;hall of the field and Generall.</P>
<P>The&s;e articles mu&s;t be openly read in the pre&s;ence of the chiefe Captaines, by the Notary or Scribe of the Court, and after that they be read, the Oath &s;hall be mi|ni&s;tred vnto euery man by the Pretor in this wi&s;e, or the like words, to the &s;ame end and purpo&s;e: &s;peaking vnto the whole company, and &s;aying; my brethren and friends, that are heere pre&s;ent, you haue heard the articles of our Soueraigne, containing the chiefe and principall points of our rights and lawes of the fielde, and of the Oath, and the manner thereof, which euery Souldier ought to take. All you that doe meane faithfully and valiantly to ob&s;erue, maintaine, fulfill, confirme, and keepe the fore&s;aid Articles, let him heere now either o|penly refu&s;e to be a Souldier, or with mee hold vp his finger, and &s;ay after me.</P>
<P>All the&s;e Articles which haue beene openly red vnto vs, we hold and allow as &s;acred and good, and tho&s;e will
<PB N="70" REF="41"> wee truely and &s;toutly confirme, fulfill, maintaine, and keepe &s;o helpe vs GOD, and his diuine word, <HI>Amen.</HI></P>
<P>The&s;e Articles with others, which for tediou&s;ne&s;&s;e I omit, would be publi&s;hed, &s;ome vpon paine of death, &s;ome with greater, and &s;ome with le&s;&s;e puni&s;hment, to euery one that doth offend, without any remi&s;&s;ion or for|giuene&s;&s;e, or regard of bloud, degree, kindred, or friend|&s;hip: &s;pecially at the beginning to lie in campe, whereby the armie may the better be &s;et in good order, and to make it fearefull of God, of iu&s;tice, and of the Generall, with loue and feare.</P>
<P>The execution hereof only appertaineth to the ma&s;ter of the Campe, for the hearing, ordering, and determi|ning of the cau&s;es of iu&s;tice vnder the Generall, as the Lieutenant of a city or towne, Deputie for the Prince. For the ma&s;ter of the campe is the chiefe of the orders, who hath place in the fielde in many things as principall next to the Generall who hath the chiefe gouernment in pitching the campe, and di&s;lodging.</P>
<P>Briefly from the Generall downward, it is the greate&s;t charge and burden that is in the armie, and therefore it is requi&s;ite that hee haue good knowledge and remem|brance of all the Orders whereby the warres is to be go|uerned, and that he be of good practi&s;e and experience, and duely obeyed.</P>
<P>But &s;uch ca&s;es as are capitall and of great importance, &s;hould be heard and determined by the Generall and his Iudges: It &s;ufficeth that God is the knower and deter|miner, of all things, and next vnto him his Deputies vpon earth: who failing to doe iu&s;tice, either for loue, or hatred, &s;hall yeelde account thereof before the di|uine
<PB N="71" REF="41"> Iudge, and this law cannot be auoided by vs, but we &s;hall be cited and called without appeale.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 N="6" TYPE="chapter">
<HEAD><HI>CHAP. VI.</HI> Briefe Notes of other meane offices, as Drummes, Fifes, Surgeons, and the Clarke of the Band.</HEAD>
<P>DRummes and Fifes mu&s;t be cho&s;en of able qualities and per&s;onage, &s;ecret and ingenious, skilfull in the &s;ound and v&s;ing of their in&s;truments, which mu&s;t warne as the mouth of a man to all intents of &s;eruice, diligent in times conuenient to in&s;truct Souldiers in the &s;ame, that none by ignorance neglect their duties. The&s;e be often|times &s;ent on me&s;&s;ages, importing charge, which of ne|ce&s;&s;itie require languages, &s;omtimes to &s;ummon or com|mand the enemies to render, &s;ometimes carie ran&s;omes, or redeeme, or conduct Pri&s;oners. Many other things to them doe appertaine, as before is rehear&s;ed &amp;c.</P>
<P>A Chyrurgion is nece&s;&s;arie to be had in euery band, who ought to be an hone&s;t man, &s;ober, and of good coun&s;ell, skill in his &s;cience, able to heale and cure all kind of &s;ores, wounds, and griefes: to take a bullet out of the fle&s;h and bone, and to &s;lake the fire of the &s;ame, and that he haue all his tooles and in&s;truments with other nece&s;|&s;ary &s;tuffe, as oyles, balmes, &s;alues, &s;tepres, roulers, bol|&s;ters, &s;plenters, and all other things to the &s;cience belong|ing, which al&s;o ought to haue courage for his patient, and allowed &s;tuffe, he &s;hall readily imploy his indu&s;trie vpon the &s;ore and wounded, and not intermedling with others, to his owne charge noi&s;ome. Such be placed with the
<PB N="70" REF="42"> En&s;igne, and lodged neere to the Captaine, and neere their baldrickes in time of fight, which by law of the field is their charter.</P>
<P>The Clarke of a band would be a man cho&s;en of a di&s;|creete behauiour, &s;uch a one as hath the v&s;e of his penne and skilfull in Arithmetike, who mu&s;t haue a booke in the which he mu&s;t write all the names of the Souldiers apper|taining to the band, diuiding euery weapon by them|&s;elues, that they may be the readier to be mu&s;tred, and otherwi&s;e to be placed in order of march, at watch and ward the clarke mu&s;t be attentiue with his booke, to call uery mans name, to &s;ee who is ab&s;ent, and that certi|ficate thereof be made vnto the Captaine, who mu&s;t as before is rehear&s;ed, without &s;ickne&s;&s;e or &s;ome licence of the head Officers &s;ee him or them puni&s;hed to the exam|ple of all others. He mu&s;t &s;ometimes in the watch and ward read vnto the &s;ouldiers, the Military lawes and di|rections, cau&s;ing fir&s;t a &s;olemne &s;ilence to be made, and then proceed in reading, examining, and conferring with euery particular and common &s;ouldier, touching his me|morie of the&s;e things, for his full in&s;truction. Al&s;o the Clarke is to take charge of the Captaines munition, who &s;eeing it deliuered vnto the &s;ouldiers, mu&s;t take note how much is deliuered, vnto whom, and what day of the moneth it is deliuered, with the pri&s;e. Likewi&s;e he mu&s;t repaire to the Clarke of the victuals, and by the Captaines warrant receiue &s;uch bread, beere and other victuals, as is to be had, and to deliuer it to tho&s;e that &s;hall be thought by the Captaine to be of credit, to victuall the band by the Princes price, and to take tickets of them as well for that it is deliuered vnto them, as what they doe deliuer vnto &s;ouldiers. Al&s;o he mu&s;t in the Captaines name and
<PB N="73" REF="42"> by his warrant repaire vnto the Merchants and other Ar+tificers, and take &s;uch wares as the Officers and &s;ouldiers haue need of, who mu&s;t at the pay day by the Captaine be an&s;wered. Al&s;o prouided that the Victualler alloweth but the Souldier &s;ix-pence a day, the ouerplus goeth to their paiment of furniture and apparell.</P>
<P>The Clarke mu&s;t oft peru&s;e the tickets to &s;ee that no more be deliuered then their wages come to, that the Captaines thereby receiue no lo&s;&s;e. The Clarke ought to inquire when any be departed this world, al&s;o when any be &s;laine, and di&s;charged the band, and to make a iu&s;t note thereof, whereby certificate may be made to the Mu&s;ter-ma&s;ter, that the Prince in no waies may be hin|dered, neither the Captaines by the Victuallers receiue any detriment or lo&s;&s;e. Finally, he mu&s;t vpon the report of the Corporals or other Officers, finde and procure of the Captaines, reliefe for the &s;icke, and wounded Soul|diers and Pri&s;oners, which ought to be redeemed out of the enemies hand.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 N="7" TYPE="chapter">
<HEAD><HI>CHAP. VII.</HI> The Prelates charge that takes care of <HI>SOVLDIERS</HI> of the <HI>BAND.</HI></HEAD>
<P>TO knit vp this fir&s;t di&s;cour&s;e of Militarie Directi|ons, and Martiall lawes, &s;peciall care mu&s;t be had to prouide one man among&s;t the many &s;cores of Souldiers, that may gouerne and direct in &s;pirituall cau&s;es, who ought to be wi&s;e, learned, hone&s;t, &s;ober, patient, and of exemplar life: who mu&s;t offer vp daily praiers for his
<PB N="74" REF="43"> whole companie, mu&s;t in&s;truct them to be penitent and to re&s;tore to euery man his right: to communicate in Catholike and Chri&s;tian manner, &s;o often as they can, chiefly at &s;peciall times appointed by the Church, and be|fore any dangerous attempt, to feede them with hole|&s;ome foode of learned in&s;tructions, wherein they may learne how to liue, and &s;o con&s;equently to teach their companies their duties towards God and their Prince, and to giue gho&s;tly coun&s;ell and &s;pirituall reliefe vnto the &s;icke wounded, weake in body or in con&s;cience, and that &s;uch be well armed with &s;pirituall armour, that is, with good knowledge and good liuing, ready to per&s;wade them manfully to with&s;tand their enemies, the fle&s;h, the deuill, the world and de&s;peration, putting them in &s;ure hope through the equitie of their cau&s;e, their conformi|tie to the Church, and their firme faith in our Sauiour Ie|&s;us Chri&s;t, to enter into the campe of euerla&s;ting life, where they &s;hall ride among&s;t the Souldiers on white Hor&s;es, clothed in white and pure &s;ilke, crowned with bright triumphant garlands, as the Scriptures doe witnes. This and &s;uch like belongs vnto &s;uch per&s;onages as take care of the &s;ouldiers in a warlike band.</P>
<P>Now then to conclude, and to make an end of my fir&s;t di&s;cour&s;e, I would wi&s;h all valiant minded &s;ouldiers, carefully to carrie in minde tho&s;e precepts which are pro|per and due vnto a priuate Souldier, which I partly haue collected and &s;et downe in this &s;hort pamphlet, that when he &s;hall be called vnto an hier office, he may de&s;er|uedly a&s;cend the third &s;tep of Martiall office, and &s;o by degrees ri&s;e to the height of &s;upreame gouernment.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 N="8" TYPE="chapter">
<PB N="75" REF="43">
<HEAD><HI>CHAP. VIII.</HI> How Pikes are to be carried in aray, march or battaile.</HEAD>
<P>THo&s;e that are appointed to carie Pikes in aray of rankes or battell, mu&s;t know that Pikes among&s;t all other weapons that belongs to Souldiers, is of greate&s;t honour and credite: and truely, who&s;oeuer doth carie and manage the &s;ame weapon well and with good grace, doth make a very beautifull and plea&s;ant &s;hew to the Be|holders, and chiefly when it is caried vpon the &s;houlder, &s;u&s;tained and &s;upported with a good grace, and the hand that doth &s;u&s;taine it be on that &s;ide the &s;houlder where it is placed, and with <HI>il Gombedo alto.</HI></P>
<P>They mu&s;t likewi&s;e be aduerti&s;ed which march in the formo&s;t rankes, if they be vpon the right &s;ide, to hold their Pikes continually in marching in the right hand, and vpon the right &s;houlder without euer changing it: and &s;o likewi&s;e being vpon the left &s;ide of the ranke, to hold it alwaies vpon the left &s;houlder: tho&s;e that be in the mid&s;t of the rankes haue libertie to v&s;e that &s;ide that is be&s;t for their commoditie, either vpon the right or left hand, and to moue their Pikes from &s;houlder to &s;houlder at their choi&s;e and plea&s;ure: It is true that the iu&s;t carying of the Pike of tho&s;e that march in the mid&s;t of the rankes, is to hold it vpon the left &s;houlder, and to carie their right hand behind vpon their dagger, or vpon their &s;ide, and &s;o generally all, as well they that be in the mid&s;t, as tho&s;e that be in the head of the rankes are to ob&s;erue this or|der,
<PB N="76" REF="44"> to carie that hand which is at libertie behinde them, or vpon their &s;ides. Let him march then with a good grace, holding vp his head gallantly, his pace full of grauitie and &s;tate, and &s;uch as is fit for his per|&s;on, and let his body bee &s;traight and as much vp|right as is po&s;&s;ible, and that which mo&s;t imports, is that they haue alwaies their eies vpon their companions which are in ranke with them, and before them going iu&s;t one with the other, and keeping perfit di&s;tance with|out committing error in the lea&s;t pace or &s;tep, and euery pace and motion with one accord and con&s;ent, they ought to make at one in&s;tant time. And in this &s;ort all the rankes entirely are to go, &s;ometimes &s;oftly, &s;omtimes fa&s;t, according to the &s;troke of the drumme. The heele and tippe of their pikes would bee equally holden, both of length and height, as neere as is po&s;&s;ible, to auoide that they fall not out to be by bearing them otherwi&s;e, like vnto organ-pipes, &s;ome long, &s;ome &s;hort. The mea&s;ure and proportion thereof, to hold the heel of the Pike is this: It is nece&s;&s;arie for him to haue an eye to the ranke that doth march before him, and &s;o carie the Butt-end or heele of his pike, that it may bee iu&s;t ouer again&s;t the ioynt of the hamme of the &s;ouldier, that in march &s;hall be &s;traight before him: and &s;o euery one from hand to hand mu&s;t ob|&s;erue the proportion of that height, that is right be|hind vpon the ioynt of the knee, for by doing &s;o they cannot commit error, carying in their march that legge that is vnder that arme that &s;u&s;taines and caries the Pike of iu&s;t and euen proportion, by mou|ing their pace right vnder the &s;taffe of the Pike, go|ing in their march, as I haue &s;aid before, iu&s;t and
<PB N="77" REF="44"> euen, with a gallant and &s;tately, and &s;umptuous pace: for by doing &s;o, they &s;hall be e&s;teemed, honoured, and commended of the Lookers on, who &s;hall take wonderfull delight to be|hold them march in that order.</P>
</DIV2>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 N="2" TYPE="book">
<PB REF="45">
<HEAD>THE SECOND BOOKE OF MILITARY Directions: <HI>Wherein is &s;et downe the office of a</HI> Ser|geant, En&s;igne-bearer, Lieutenant, the Gentlemen of a band, and how to skir|mi&s;h, and di&s;couer.</HEAD>
<DIV2 N="1" TYPE="chapter">
<HEAD><HI>CHAP. I.</HI> And fir&s;t, the Office of the Sergeant of a Band.</HEAD>
<P>_SInce euery Officer through his con|tinuall exerci&s;e and daily diligence in executing his charge, doth at|taine vnto perfit experience by dai|ly practi&s;e, which is as it were con|uerted into nature: therefore hee which determines with him&s;elfe to be accounted &s;ufficient and of abi|litie, to di&s;charge the place of a good Sergeant of a band, with a forward intent to learne and be thorowly in&s;truct|ed, ought fir&s;t to be a Souldier that hath &s;eene much,
<PB N="79" REF="45"> and a Corporall of good experience, according to the directions of my fir&s;t booke: In which two roomes it is very conuenient, that he haue ta&s;ted and beene pre&s;ent at great diuer&s;itie of &s;eruice, and warlike enterpri&s;es, and to carie a re&s;olute minde to delight in the exerci&s;e of this of|fice, to the end he be not found therein irre&s;olute and ignorant: and that likewi&s;e he faile not in the ready per|forming of any enterpri&s;e, when Martiall affaires do call him forth to put the &s;ame in execution.</P>
<P>Fir&s;t of all it is very requi&s;ite that he haue mo&s;t perfitly in memorie, the number of all the &s;ouldiers of the band, and di&s;tinctly with what weapons they are armed, what quantity of Cor&s;lets and Pikes, how many armed and di&s;armed carie &s;hort weapons, what number of Harga|bu&s;iers with murrians and without, how many musket-eares, how many light armed pikes and targets of proofe, that the better and more readily vpon a &s;odaine, hee may put the company in order.</P>
<P>He mu&s;t euer plant the be&s;t armed in places mo&s;t nece&s;|&s;arie, as at the front and backe, the right and left &s;ide of a &s;quare. The fir&s;t ranke in ordinarie long marching, the targets of proofe mu&s;t go in as a ready couer and bul|warke again&s;t the enemies &s;hot: next to them the musket-eares, then the Hargabu&s;iers, and after them the armed and light pikes: amid&s;t who&s;e rankes he mu&s;t at all times place the En&s;igne, garded with Halberds or bils, and then againe the light armed and armed pikes, hargabu&s;e and musket-eares, and la&s;t of all targets of proofe: by this equality of diui&s;ion, the whole band at one in&s;tant &s;hall be ready to receiue any &s;uddaine &s;urpri&s;e of the ene|mie. The Sergeant carrying the&s;e things in his minde, hauing laid a di&s;tinct plat, he may very ea&s;ily vary their
<PB N="80" REF="46"> forme and order as he &s;hall be appointed, and as the &s;ituation of the place doth require, or the accidents of warre doe con&s;traine.</P>
<P>He mu&s;t neuer worke vnwarily, or at all aduentures, and tending to no determined purpo&s;e, as tho&s;e that doe not remember the perfit rules and reckonings of their office, whereof there be now adaies ouer many, for when it is nece&s;&s;ary for them to alter their order, and that perforce they mu&s;t quite change the forme and fa&s;hion that then they ob&s;erue, they know not which way to be|ginne. Therefore to the end his order and rankes may be to the purpo&s;e duely and directly changed, and with facilitie di&s;po&s;ed: let him euer di&s;&s;euer and diuide one part of his weapons from an other, cau&s;ing euery one to turne and enter into their rankes and order by them|&s;elues, &s;o &s;hall hee proceed in taking away, &s;etting for|ward, and intermixing one &s;ort of rankes within ano|ther very orderly. And thereby the full proportion of his band &s;hall be framed, as he hath determined, or as it is deui&s;ed by him that commands, either in marching for|ward and backward, or in turning without di&s;order, by 3. 5. 7. or 9. in a ranke, as the Lieutenant, Captaine, or Sergeant maior appoints.</P>
<P>He ought euer to beware that in ordering the rankes, and appointing the &s;oldiers their places, that they begin not to make debate, or &s;tomacke one another for dignitie of place; the which doth oftentimes fall out to their great annoy and damage, and the Officers tedious toile: For in enterpri&s;es of great importance, euen in the pre|&s;ence of the invading enemy, &s;ome vaine-glorious fel|lowes are accu&s;tomed to &s;triue for the chiefe&s;t places: the which roomes by all rea&s;on, and of dutie appertaine
<PB N="81" REF="46"> to the be&s;t armed, and not to any others, who&s;e vnruly ra&s;hnes may be the ruine of the whole band. Therefore fit and conuenient places are to be ob&s;erued with humi|litie, the naked in their places, and the armed in theirs: But to touch one point, which we haue already &s;poken of, I iudge it mo&s;t conuenient that the armed (tho&s;e for skirmi&s;h excepted) mu&s;t remaine in maine &s;tands and battailes, as &s;ome &s;ay, to abide by the &s;take, who ought to be &s;o well armed, as they may beare and &s;upport the blowes of their enemies, and re&s;i&s;t any furious charge, ei|ther of hor&s;emen or footmen: whereas be&s;ide their well ordered ranks, by rea&s;on they be armed, they make a more gallant &s;how; giuing courage to thy owne people, and di&s;courage to the enemie, and in proofe are more profitable than the di&s;armed, who remaining in their roomes, the contrary &s;ucceeds.</P>
<P>The Sargeant of the Company mu&s;t haue &s;peciall re|gard when victuals cannot be had for money, by forrage or otherwi&s;e, to make repaire togither with the Clarke of the Band, to the principall munitions, that his company ta&s;te not of famine; and from thence procure to haue &s;o much as he well can, or as is conuenient, and according to his receiued order, &s;o mu&s;t he depart and di&s;tribute all manner of munitions among&s;t the Corporals, that euery one of them may giue to their &s;oldiers their portions.</P>
<P>The like ought he to v&s;e, touching powder for the Harquebu&s;iers and musketiers, lead for bullets, match for them to burne, and ech thing el&s;e whereof they haue neede, to the end they may alwaies remaine in order, and be very well prouided and &s;tored, as neere as is po&s;&s;i|ble, and as is mo&s;t conuenient; and to per&s;wade the &s;ol|dier that to gaine a place of more account, he will &s;pare
<PB N="82" REF="47"> his pay to arme him&s;elfe the more brauely. He mu&s;t likewi&s;e haue diligent eye, that the &s;aid munition of match and powder be con&s;erued warily from wetting, and kept with a &s;peciall &s;pare from vntimely &s;pending: for this prouident precept doth import very much in all enterpri&s;es, by rea&s;on that the negligence of the Sargeant, touching this nece&s;&s;arie fore-&s;ight and care, hath bin the cau&s;e that the &s;hot haue not bin able readily to performe their duties according to the appointed determinations, or as nece&s;&s;itie did require, by rea&s;on of their vnwary kee|ping their munition in wet weather, or their generall want through vaine mi&s;pence, by which meanes many and mo&s;t notable errors haue &s;ucceeded of great lo&s;&s;e &amp; moment, and to the hinderance, &s;hame, and totall ruine of a whole company or campe.</P>
<P>Therefore it is mo&s;t expedient that the Sargeant, togi|ther with the &s;euerall Corporals, do diligently and nar|rowly examine, vi&s;it, &s;earch, and view the proper flaskes, tuch-boxes, pockets, and other places where the &s;oldiers are accu&s;tomed to carry and keepe their powder and match, and peru&s;e diligently all tho&s;e things without negligence, fayning, or fauouring: diuers haue receiued great ignominie and &s;hame in their office, for want of the performance thereof: whereas by carrying a contrary care, they haue bin vniuer&s;ally well thought of, and com|mended of all good &s;oldiers and valiant Captaines. Therefore as occa&s;ion doth &s;erue and offer, he may ad|moni&s;h, put in minde, and reprehend with dexteritie the &s;oldiers vnder his charge and guiding. To him it apper|taines to lay his helping hands about all things nece&s;&s;arie for his company, as well in prouiding for them, as di&s;pen|cing, or deferring nece&s;&s;ary charges, except for the pro|ui&s;ion
<PB N="83" REF="47"> and diuiding of lodgings, which is the office of the Furrier or Harbinger, who ought to be very tracta|ble, diligent, and altogether officious, not being partiall to any one for peculiar profit or plea&s;ure, and therefore it is nece&s;&s;ary a Sargeant &s;hould know how to write, for it is hard by memory to di&s;charge his charge.</P>
<P>The Sargeant mu&s;t be carefull to accompanie, at the houre appointed, the guard to the place of the watch, in going vp and downe along&s;t their flanks when he hath placed them in order, to &s;ee them keepe due di&s;tance, make the Laumband, march in &s;traight line with their ranks, carry their armes in conformable proportion; and if vpon plea&s;ure they giue a volee of &s;hot in pa&s;&s;ing, to aduerti&s;e them to doe it orderly with due forme, one ranke after another, as they pa&s;&s;e ouer again&s;t the Gene|rall, or other great officer or per&s;onage and not in a con|fu&s;ed &s;ort altogither, or by peeces. When he is arriued at the Corps of guard, and hath placed euery one in or|der, and prouided for all things nece&s;&s;arie for the watch of that night, he mu&s;t then giue his adui&s;e and coun&s;ell to the Corporalls, that they keepe good order in their Sentinels; yea &s;ometimes and very often, it is good that he him&s;elfe aide them to cho&s;e out the mo&s;t fit places for them to &s;tand in, to the end that the circuit of ground, which for all their &s;afeties is to be kept, may be conueni|ently guarded.</P>
<P>At the ioyning of the day and the night, or &s;omwhat later, he &s;hall &s;ecretly giue the Corporalls the watch|word, with the which they are to gouerne the guard as well by night as day: the which word by the command|ment of his Captaine, hee mu&s;t procure the <HI>Sargeant maior</HI> to giue him, or of &s;ome other that &s;hall haue the
<PB N="84" REF="48"> charge to giue the &s;ame for want of his pre&s;ence, or in place of this great officer.</P>
<P>He mu&s;t arme him&s;elfe in &s;uch &s;ort, that he be no le&s;&s;e apt than any other &s;oldier to be able at time of neede, both to defend him&s;elfe, and offend the enemie: touch|ing which effect, Duke <HI>Octauio Farne&s;e</HI> in the expedition of 12000 footmen, and 600 hor&s;emen, which <HI>Paul</HI> the third, Pope of Rome, &s;ent into Germanie again&s;t the Re|ligion, did di&s;po&s;e that all the Sargeants of his bands &s;hould arme them&s;elues with Harquebu&s;es and murri|ans; &s;aying, that &s;o great a number of valiant men being Sargeants, as was in &s;o great an a&s;&s;embly and expedition of &s;uch importance, it was neither good nor commen|dable, that they &s;hould onely be armed with their Hal|berds, and therefore he ought to haue his page or Mu|chacho &s;econd him with tho&s;e furnitures: neither &s;eems it inconuenient, but hauing placed in order all things pertaining to his office, that he place him&s;elfe in ranke with the re&s;t of the &s;oldiers, yet in &s;uch a place as he may ea&s;ily depart from thence when nece&s;&s;itie cals him away, to reforme or v&s;e remedie to any di&s;order he vnder|&s;tands of.</P>
<P>He mu&s;t with dexteritie proceed in reprehending and exhorting the &s;oldiers to keep their due order, and not to di&s;band and &s;tray abroad, but vpon needfull and law|full occa&s;ions, and to take order in all other particular points, which are requi&s;ite to be ob&s;erued for the honor and profit of the Company, which things are chiefly to be procured and ob&s;erued by other officers.</P>
<P>Let him beware and ab&s;taine from beating of &s;oldiers at any time, that thereby he grow not odious: for it is not conuenient nor comely for an officer to &s;trike a &s;ol|dier,
<PB N="85" REF="48"> for thereby he &s;o offends, that he doth incurre the paine to receiue puni&s;hment for &s;o doing, of his Captaine or the Ma&s;ter of the Campe.</P>
<P>He mu&s;t be diligent, carefull, and vigilant in all his af|faires; for in this office, diligence and dexteritie is both to the purpo&s;e and mo&s;t nece&s;&s;arie.</P>
<P>It is nece&s;&s;arie he be alwaies conformable vnto the <HI>Sargeant maior,</HI> by imitation and obedience in action, and like his &s;hadow, to &s;econd him in all his doings; of whom he may alwaies receiue information and order of all &s;uch things as be nece&s;&s;arie for &s;eruice of his band: and of him he may learne to proceed by conformitie, in that which is conuenient for his office. For he that is in company with men of vertue and valour, that be of more excellent qualitie than he him&s;elfe, &s;hall euer reape &s;ome profit; and the rather for that he is bound to be in the &s;ight, and neere about the <HI>Sargeant maior,</HI> at all &s;uch times as any thing is to be done, where he ought with a good eare, and diligent eye, giue ready attendance, to execute &s;uch commi&s;&s;ion as &s;hall be giuen him; e&s;peci|ally tho&s;e which appertaines to the ordering of the rankes, and euery thing el&s;e what&s;oeuer, without doing any thing vpon his owne iudgment, but conferre with that great officer, towards whom he mu&s;t alwaies be courteous and conformable; and with an obedient and beneuolent minde diligently imitate him.</P>
<P>I &s;uppo&s;e it moreouer nece&s;&s;arie, as I &s;aid before, that he be able to write and read, con&s;idering the infinite number of things which are to pa&s;&s;e through his hands, and which he ought to execute for the benefit of his company, which cannot be alwaies ordered, di&s;po&s;ed, and guided only by memory: So con&s;equently the Sar|geant
<PB N="86" REF="49"> is to take diligent heed and care of all the fore&s;aid things to execute the points of his office &s;peedily, and to rebuke and teach &s;uch as do ami&s;&s;e with lenitie; and al|though he cannot violently &s;trike and hurt any man, yet neuerthele&s;&s;e no man can re&s;i&s;t his authoritie, but ob|&s;erue the &s;ame as to the Captaines owne per&s;on, if he were pre&s;ent.</P>
<P>He is not to heare any mutinous or rebellious words among&s;t the company, but immediatly to reueale the &s;ame, that &s;peedy reformation may be had, and faults amended. And thus mu&s;t he be &s;till occupied to reform mens manners, mi&s;pence of munition, broken araies, and to be ready day and night to &s;eruice, by the Captaine or Lieutenants commandment, and to in&s;truct the Com|pany, to march, traine, and trauaile, as well by &s;ignes from him framed, as otherwi&s;e by words &s;poken, and to haue &s;peciall regard to the company, to &s;ee that their ar|mour and weapons be in a readine&s;&s;e alwaies for &s;eruice: for the diligent and skilfull v&s;age of this office, is of no &s;mall moment to any good order throughout the whole band; no le&s;&s;e than the Centurion among&s;t the Ro|manes, who was Captaine ouer a hundreth; and &s;o like|wi&s;e euery hundreth in each band ought to haue a &s;eueral Sargeant to direct and gouerne.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 N="2" TYPE="chapter">
<HEAD><HI>CHAP. II.</HI> The Office of an Alfierus or En&s;igne-bearer.</HEAD>
<P>IF it be a thing mo&s;t requi&s;ite that a priuate &s;oldier &s;hould haue a &s;peciall zeale ouer his proper honor and credit; how much more is the &s;ame nece&s;&s;arie for a va|liant
<PB N="87" REF="49"> <HI>Alfierus</HI> or En&s;igne-bearer. Therefore he mu&s;t with all carefull diligence, due di&s;cretion, a&s;cend the 4^t^h degree of this honorable di&s;cipline, being already trained vp in the three fir&s;t degrees, which is, of a priuate &s;oldier, a Corporall, and a Sargeant, whereby to his great commen|dation he may &s;ufficiently merit the &s;way of this office.</P>
<P>Hauing &s;olemnly receiued the En&s;igne of his Cap|taine, like a noble and expert &s;oldier, he ought carefully to keepe the &s;ame, and beare a certaine reuerent re&s;pect to it, as to a holy thing, yea &amp; to be iealous ouer the &s;afe|tie thereof, no le&s;&s;e than an amorous per&s;on ouer his lo|uing mi&s;tre&s;&s;e: &s;ince that onely with the &s;acred &s;hade of the En&s;igne, being well guided, the generall reputation of all the band and company is con&s;erued.</P>
<P>Therefore the <HI>Alfierus</HI> ought to be endowed with &s;uch cu&s;tome, and v&s;e him&s;elfe with &s;uch curte&s;ie and ci|uilitie, that he may not only procure the loue of his con|federates, and friends, but of all the entire company.</P>
<P>Be&s;ides, it is nece&s;&s;arie to haue neere vnto him a couple of a&s;&s;i&s;tants at the lea&s;t, that be practi&s;ed and good &s;ol|diers, which may be of the number of the Halberdiers that go next his En&s;igne, to the end that when he is con|&s;trained to ab&s;ent him&s;elfe from the &s;ame, through &s;ome vrgent and nece&s;&s;arie occa&s;ion (for otherwi&s;e it is not to be permitted) he may cau&s;e one of them take care and charge of his En&s;igne, in what accident &s;oeuer might fall out during that time: for that thing ought neuer to be left alone or abandoned to a &s;lender and loo&s;e guard, which is of &s;uch a great importance, whereupon euery mans honor and e&s;timation dependeth; wherefore it ought of all to be carefully kept, and well accompanied.</P>
<P>Note that the <HI>Alfierus,</HI> to defend his En&s;igne and him|&s;elfe
<PB N="88" REF="50"> at one in&s;tant, mu&s;t haue in his one hand his drawne &s;word, and in the other the En&s;igne: which thing is conuenient of him particularly to be performed, when it is time to a&s;&s;ault the enemies vpon a wall, Trench, Sca|lade, Bulwarke, Breach, or in any &s;trait pa&s;&s;age or enter|pri&s;e, &s;ince that with the point of yron of the En&s;igne &s;taffe &s;mall defence can be made, as well for the weaknes of the &s;taffe, as through the trouble and continuall waue|ring of the &s;ilke which is about it, &s;o that in bearing the &s;ame di&s;played he ought rather to haue regard where he &s;hall &s;et his foote, than to the top of the &s;taffe, or any other place le&s;&s;e nece&s;&s;arie, as well thereby to flie affecta|tion, which in carying thereof is made manife&s;t, as al&s;o to conduct the &s;ame with more a&s;&s;ured courage.</P>
<P>Moreouer, note that the mo&s;t honorable place of the threde or ranke is the right hand, and the &s;econd the left hand; which degrees likewi&s;e be ob&s;erued in all the rankes of other &s;oldiers, a&s;well as when diuers En&s;ignes do march togither in one ranke: for among&s;t the bands and &s;quares of &s;oldiers, the flanks do alwaies re&s;i&s;t the a&s;&s;aults and furie of the enemie; as the &s;ides which be neere&s;t to them, be alwaies guarded of tho&s;e that be mo&s;t practi&s;ed, and the middle part not, only except the fir&s;t and la&s;t ranke of the ordinance or battaile, where the midde&s;t is the place of greate&s;t e&s;timation; for the head or backe of the &s;quare being a&s;&s;aulted, they then with|&s;tand the greate&s;t furie. And by good rea&s;on, for this place of the mid&s;t is euer much more broken and endo|maged of the enemies armes and force, than any other part: wherefore among&s;t expert and valiant &s;oldiers, this roome is of greate&s;t honor, and of mo&s;t e&s;timation, as the place that hath greate&s;t neede of defence, which
<PB N="89" REF="50"> being &s;ubiect to more open and manife&s;t perill than the re&s;t be, is of greate&s;t dignitie. For Captaines are accu&s;to|med to &s;hew notable and &s;ingular fauor to that &s;oldier, which they prefer to an enterpri&s;e of perill and danger, &s;o that it be capable of i&s;&s;ue and altogither de&s;perate.</P>
<P>Neither is this to be accounted for a maruell; for as this profe&s;&s;ion is altogither different from others, &s;o like|wi&s;e the orders, and ceremonies are diuer&s;ly managed, if a man may terme tho&s;e things ceremonies, which of ne|ce&s;&s;itie ought with diligence to be gouerned with great care, arte, and indu&s;try: It behoues the <HI>Alfierus,</HI> while&s;t he doth march in ordinance amid&s;t the band, to go with a graue and &s;tately pace, adui&s;edly and couragiou&s;ly ioy|ned with mode&s;tie, and without affectation or vaine bra|uery: neither ought he to bow or decline his body at any time to any per&s;on, that thereby he may repre&s;ent and maintaine the reputation and excellencie of armes, and the En&s;igne before his Prince, chiefe Ruler, Lord Gene|rall, Coronell, Captaine, Gouernor &amp;c. As he pa&s;&s;eth be|fore them, he ought to aba&s;e the points and tip of the En|&s;igne, or rather with his arme bow downe neere-hand all the &s;taffe of the En&s;igne, and &s;o much more, by how much he is of greater dignitie and authoritie. In this &s;ort &s;hall he make &s;igne of reuerence, and not pull off his cap or hat, neither bend his knee, nor moue any one part of his per&s;on, thereby to retaine that dignitie due to the En&s;igne and his office.</P>
<P>The <HI>Alfierus</HI> being in &s;quare, ranke, or ordinance, with the En&s;igne di&s;plaid, doth change (almo&s;t neuer) the place where he is planted to march, which is in the mid&s;t of the footmen, as a place mo&s;t &s;afe and be&s;t defended. Therefore tho&s;e that otherwi&s;e would v&s;e it, do ground
<PB N="90" REF="51"> their opinion vpon &s;ome ancient order of the Romanes or Grecians, wherein they are deceiued, becau&s;e at this day we are con&s;trained to varie our order, con&s;idering our armes be varied, which do now fetch and wound much more and further of, and are more piercing than tho&s;e of ancient time.</P>
<P>Neither is it expedient to put this officer, which is of &s;uch great re&s;pect, alwaies in hazard, as well for the good qualitie of his per&s;on, the which we mu&s;t alwaies pre&s;up|po&s;e him to be of, as al&s;o for the office of great impor|tance he &s;upplies, &s;ince he doth &s;u&s;taine the di&s;plaid En|&s;igne, wherein the reputation and honor of all the com|pany con&s;i&s;ts. But at &s;uch time as he &s;hall march to a Scalade, breach and battery, the valiant <HI>Alfierus</HI> with his En&s;igne in one hand, and his &s;word in another, as is be|fore &s;aid, ought to enforce him&s;elfe to be the fir&s;t, and by all meanes to mount vp, to enter among&s;t the enemies, and to aduance and inuite the re&s;t forward, both his infe|riors, companions, and betters: for in effect at &s;uch times the particular guiding of the band appertaines to him. Now to the intent that the &s;oldiers at the in&s;tant time of a dangerous enterpri&s;e, and in a comber&s;ome and peril|lous time and place, may be invited, and feruently &s;tirred vp to follow the En&s;igne: He mu&s;t therefore v&s;e &s;uch curte&s;ie to all men, that in all hazards and great exploits, he being beloued of the &s;oldiers, may be very much aided and defended by them; whereas otherwi&s;e they do either &s;uffer open ignominie, or danger of death, when as they be either abandoned at the point of extremitie, or traite|rou&s;ly &s;laine or wounded by their owne companions and followers, as at the a&s;&s;ault of <HI>Dalahaui,</HI> and a skirmi&s;h of brauery at <HI>Louaine,</HI> chanced vnto two &s;euerall En&s;igne-bearers
<PB N="91" REF="51"> of the Baron of <HI>Sheueran,</HI> Coronell ouer ten En|&s;ignes of &s;hot: therefore &s;ince he is the &s;hadow of the valour and good condition of his Captaine and compa|nie, let him be carefull of his dutie.</P>
<P>The En&s;igne-bearer may of his di&s;cretion and autho|ritie, e&s;pying the company trauaile, or follow enemies to their di&s;commoditie and perill, loo&s;ing the winde, hill, or ground of aduantage, di&s;ordering the aray, may &s;tand &s;till, and cau&s;e the drums and fifes to &s;tand and &s;ound the re|treat, that the company may re&s;ort and come to the En|&s;igne, and order the aray by the aduantage of the ground, rather than abide the comming of the enemie.</P>
<P>He ought alwaies to haue about him, and to lodge where he doth him&s;elfe, &s;o many good drums, as there be hundreths in his band; that at all times he may make Raccolte, and gather his &s;oldiers togither, and for &s;uch like nece&s;&s;arie re&s;pects.</P>
<P>He ought neuer craue licence to go to any enterpri&s;e what&s;oeuer, for any de&s;ire he hath to make him&s;elfe knowne, or to win fame, but ought to remaine &s;tedfa&s;t and firme, when his turne of &s;eruice comes, in re&s;pect of the great charge he doth carry in the manage of the En&s;igne.</P>
<P>It is nece&s;&s;arie to haue a hor&s;e for his owne v&s;e, the which while&s;t he marcheth ought to go neere the En|&s;igne, whether he be in &s;quare battaile or long march: for by taking his ea&s;e on hor&s;ebacke, he may keep him&s;elfe continually lu&s;tie and fre&s;h, and therewithall may accom|modate his cariage, or baggage; as &s;ome &s;oldiers may likewi&s;e do among the ordinarie cariage, prouided for by the Captaine.</P>
<P>Note that the En&s;igne which he receiued of his Cap|taine,
<PB N="92" REF="52"> mu&s;t by him be re&s;tored againe at &s;uch times as he is di&s;charged out of the company; if during the time of his &s;eruice, there hath not chanced a battaile, a&s;&s;ault, or other enterpri&s;e, wherein the <HI>Alfierus</HI> being pre&s;ent, hath made manife&s;t apparance, that he hath merited and de&s;erued the &s;ame. For in &s;uch ca&s;es it is to be vn|der&s;tood, that he hath wonne and gained the &s;ame, and not otherwi&s;e, vnle&s;&s;e the Captaine of his free will doth giue it him, which is a very ancient cu&s;tome, e&s;peci|ally among&s;t the Italians.</P>
<P>It is very requi&s;ite the <HI>Alfierus</HI> haue be&s;ides his two A&s;&s;i&s;tants, a valiant and couragious &s;eruant, who is a pra|cti&s;ed &s;oldier, and not a nouice, or yoongling, as &s;ome very fondly and vnadui&s;edly do entertaine now a-dayes, that continually being neere him, as well in the maine &s;quare battaile, or el&s;ewhere, to &s;econd him with a peece, pike, or target of proofe; and may haue in &s;uch a one that entire faith and a&s;&s;ured credit, that he &s;hould haue of a faithfull companion, whom he mu&s;t not keepe, as an abiect &s;eruant, but he ought to maintaine him, apparell him, and arme him with conuenient armes of defence; for &s;ometimes it &s;hall fall out in the day of a fought bat|taile of a whole armie, that tho&s;e deputed &s;eruants may haue the cu&s;todie of all the En&s;ignes in the maine &s;quare battaile, and the <HI>Alfierus</HI> of ech company, as men well ar|med be placed in the head of the battaile, or in &s;ome o|ther principall or nece&s;&s;arie places, which are to be gouer|ned and defended by practi&s;ed and valiant &s;oldiers; as particularly fell out at &s;uch time as the <HI>Marque&s;s</HI> of <HI>Va&s;to,</HI> fought at <HI>Cre&s;ola</HI> in <HI>Lombardie</HI> again&s;t the Frenchmen, which iourney was lo&s;t by the Emperiali&s;ts, although that day they fought valiantly; and be&s;ides in other enter|pri&s;es,
<PB N="93" REF="52"> &s;uch men haue executed gallant &s;eruice.</P>
<P>He mu&s;t alwaies prouide a &s;ufficient <HI>corps de guard</HI> about his En&s;igne, as well by day as night, in what place &s;oeuer he &s;hall be, although no &s;u&s;picion were to be had of the enemie, that thereby he may remaine &s;afe from all &s;udden &s;urpri&s;es, or vnprouided ca&s;ualties, and the rather to maintaine the honor and reputation due to the En|&s;igne, whereby all &s;ini&s;ter inconuenience may be auoy|ded, and the maie&s;tie and office of the &s;ame generally well re&s;pected; e&s;pecially when time and place of &s;u&s;pect mini&s;ters occa&s;ion. The <HI>Alfierus</HI> mu&s;t march to the guard, either armed with a Cura&s;e of proofe, or &s;ome other conuenient garment of defence, being &s;till &s;econ|ded with his &s;eruant, who is to carry either target, halberd, peece, or pike, or &s;uch weapon as he doth delight in, which at the &s;eat of the guard, taking his En&s;igne in his hand, he mu&s;t let re&s;t in the keeping of his &s;eruant. Nei|ther is it requi&s;ite in going or marching, that he vnlo&s;e and di&s;play the En&s;igne, without &s;ome &s;peciall occa&s;ion, but ought to re&s;erue the aduancing, and di&s;playing of the &s;ame at full, vntill he come in the &s;ight of the Cheiftaine or Prince, or in the &s;ight of the enemie, or other places of &s;eruice.</P>
<P>It is nece&s;&s;arie his En&s;igne haue certaine &s;peciall coun|ter&s;ignes and markes, that it may ea&s;ily be knowne of his &s;ouldiers, both neere hand and farre off, to the intent that in all exploits, and at vnknowne &s;uddaines, his &s;oul|diers may perfitly perceiue the &s;ame among&s;t the other En&s;ignes, different from the re&s;t, wherein the Alfierus mu&s;t v&s;e an exqui&s;ite manage, that by his wi&s;e and valo|rous actions without any other mans relation, may be di&s;cerned his vertuous actions and forward proceedings,
<PB N="94" REF="53"> which he ought to make apparant by &s;ome notable en|terpri&s;e.</P>
<P>The Alfierus mu&s;t be a man of good account, of a good race, hone&s;t and vertuous, braue in apparell, there|by to honour his office, and continually armed as well when no perill is feared, as in time of danger, to giue ex|ample to the re&s;t of the &s;ouldiers not to thinke their ar|mour burthenous, but by v&s;e to make it as familiar to him as his skinne. Finally, he mu&s;t be a man skilfull, hardy, and couragious, of able courage to aduance and beare vp the En&s;igne in all extremities, &s;ecret, &s;ilent, and zea|lous, able often to comfort, animate and encourage the company to take in hand, &amp; maintaine &s;uch extremi|ties, &amp; enterpri&s;es, as they are appointed vnto, and neuer to retire, but when of noble policie, the higher Officers commaund the &s;ame. Vnto this Officer there &s;hould be certaine ceremonies v&s;ed in deliuery of the En&s;igne, re|ceiuing it by oath in the pre&s;ence of his band, at which time he mu&s;t make vow and profe&s;&s;e the &s;ame rather to be his winding &s;heete, and therein to lo&s;e his life, then through his default to lo&s;e the &s;ame: whereunto euery priuate &s;ouldier &s;hould likewi&s;e be &s;worne, as among the <HI>Romanes</HI> it was v&s;ed, when he was not accounted a &s;oul|dier, but a theefe, or robber, till hee had taken his oath. And therefore their warre was called <HI>Militia Sacrata.</HI></P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 N="3" TYPE="chapter">
<PB N="95" REF="53">
<HEAD><HI>CHAP. III.</HI> The office of the Lieutenant of a Companie.</HEAD>
<P>THat per&s;on vpon whom any charge doth depend, and doth de&s;eruedly manage any affaire, mu&s;t frame him&s;elfe to v&s;e due diligence, and with dexteritie &s;uffer &s;uch tedious toile, as in the&s;e &s;erious affaires &s;uc|ceed, &s;ince that charge (as I haue already &s;aid) &s;ignifieth nothing el&s;e but a burthen of affaires.</P>
<P>Therefore that a &s;ouldier may de&s;eruedly mount vp to this degree of worthy honour and martiall dignitie, he mu&s;t v&s;e all circum&s;pect care to performe his office like an expert Lieutenant, that the company be well gouern|ed, which he mu&s;t accompli&s;h with a forward and wil|ling minde (though of dutie hee is bound to performe the &s;ame) a&s;well to content the minde of his Captaine, as to augment his owne honour and reputation. He mu&s;t neuer appropriate vnto him&s;elfe any one point of autho|ritie, but diligently di&s;cipher and vnder&s;tand all things, and make relation thereof to his Captaine, of whom it is nece&s;&s;arie he take all his commi&s;&s;ions and directions. His part is to giue willingly and readily coun&s;ell and adui&s;e to his Captaine, as often as he is demanded, and other|wi&s;e neuer, vnle&s;&s;e he &s;ee that the &s;ame may doe manife&s;t good, or in ca&s;e of pre&s;ent perill.</P>
<P>The Lieutenant ought to carie with him a diligent care of concord, for that particularly the pacification of di&s;|cords and difference among&s;t the &s;ouldiers of his com|pany, appertaines vnto him, which mu&s;t be done without choler or pa&s;&s;ion, and mu&s;t &s;till handle them very indiffe|rently
<PB N="96" REF="54"> and curteou&s;ly. For his indifferencie, be&s;ides the gaining of him tru&s;tie credite, doth make ea&s;ie the de&s;ci|ding of any difference or di&s;agreement, and is one point which of nece&s;&s;ity is mo&s;t conuenient to an honourable Peace-maker, although it be a very difficile thing to pro|cure peace in points of honour, &s;pecially among&s;t &s;oul|diers that &s;tand much vpon their punctos, and for that re&s;pect is it very hard to v&s;e a iu&s;t balance. Therefore in &s;uch ca&s;es it is mo&s;t requi&s;ite that euery one of the in|tere&s;&s;ed, &s;hew at the full his entire cau&s;e, the which is a thing not vulgar, neither of &s;mall importance. And al|though the Pacifier ought neuer to hang more vpon the one &s;ide then the other, yet it is conuenient he haue &s;ome &s;mall re&s;pect to him that is wronged again&s;t rea&s;on, ra|ther then to him that is the vnlawfull worker of the iniu|rie. But if he finde any difficultie in re&s;oluing the&s;e dif|ferences, let him conferre with the Captaine, to the end that he, who is knowne to be the occa&s;ion, and will not agree to an hone&s;t end, may be immediately di&s;charged: but if it be thought good that he remaine to &s;erue a time, for the execution of &s;ome &s;peciall enterpri&s;e, then the word both of the one and the other ought to be taken, vntill the &s;ame be performed or the pay pa&s;t, and then may di&s;charge him, as is &s;aid, to &s;hun a greater &s;candale: for to enter into vnquiet quarrelling and di&s;cord, one e|quall with an other, and with one that receiues the like &s;tipend, is not the part and qualitie of a &s;ubiect Souldier, but of a free carele&s;&s;e Cutter, and band-Buckler, and of an in&s;olent and importunate per&s;on, who&s;e nature doth argue in him that his doings tend to an other end, then to become excellent in the honourable exerci&s;e of armes. Put the ca&s;e that one of them &s;hould valiantly ouercome
<PB N="97" REF="54"> the other, yet vnto the Captaine doth ari&s;e no other then want, lo&s;&s;e, and euill &s;atisfaction: for when fir&s;t hee did receiue them into his &s;eruice, hee did pre&s;ume that they were both of them equally to be e&s;teemed, men of good credite and behauiour, and that for &s;uch they were con|ducted and receiued &s;tipend. So that quarrelling and kil|ling one the other, as often it falls out in re&s;olute per&s;ons, or putting him to a di&s;honour or open foile: &s;uch a one doth not onely depriue the Captaine of a Souldier, but al&s;o of him&s;elfe likewi&s;e: for the law of rea&s;on doth binde the Captaine not to maintaine an importunate per|&s;on, a malefactour, and an homicide, in one band no le&s;&s;e then a well ordered citie: Con&s;idering it is requi&s;ite and conuenient his Souldiers, rather then to imploy them|&s;elues in &s;uch quarrels, &s;hould indeauour and aduenture their bodies to ouerthrow and kill the enemie, thereby to procure his owne proper prai&s;e and peculiar profite. Al|waies prouided, that the occa&s;ion of the warres be con|cluded and publi&s;hed to be lawfull and hone&s;t, which ea&s;ily in this re&s;pect doth remoue all difficulties, whil&s;t a man doth place him&s;elfe in the &s;eruice of a Prince that is religious, prudent, and iu&s;t, and that haue expre&s;&s;e and lawfull power to leuie armes, and not with tho&s;e which are of &s;mall authoritie, or tiranous V&s;urpers of other mens &s;tates, and wicked bloud &s;uckers.</P>
<P>Therefore when the Lieutenant cannot by his owne dealings &s;upply the&s;e wants, or pacifie and accord them, in &s;uch cau&s;es he may remit the care thereof vnto his Su|periour and Captaine. And thus let him haue &s;peciall care that by his meanes no quarrels do grow, neither that he &s;uffer any faction or di&s;cention, to take deepe roote, for feare of banding and mutinies.</P>
<PB N="98" REF="55">
<P>He ought to haue &s;peciall re&s;pect that the Corporals and Sergeants be able duly to execute their office with due diligence for the better performance of &s;eruice, and per&s;onally aide them in &s;etting the watch.</P>
<P>Likewi&s;e, to the intent that the Sergeant per&s;i&s;t not ignorantly, or faile in any one point of his office: it be|houes the Lieutenant in many particular points to aide him, both in re&s;pect of his owne credite, and for the generall benefit of the whole band: as in v&s;ing diuers di|rections, di&s;ciplines, inuentions, putting the band in or|der, ranke, &s;quare, in accompanying them to the watch, and in executing &s;uch like enterpri&s;es which commonly are to be performed.</P>
<P>So ought he likewi&s;e to delight him&s;elfe extraordinari|ly (be&s;ides the other nece&s;&s;ary parts of his office) in taking view of the Corps de gard, and the Sentinels of his proper company, to the intent they may remaine con|tinually vigilant and ready, and each mans duty duely executed, the martiall lawes read and examined, and a &s;olemne &s;ilence generally maintained.</P>
<P>He mu&s;t ob&s;erue great affabilitie and fraternitie with the Alfierus, and friendly con&s;ult with him (&s;pecially if the Lieutenant doth not manage both the one and the o|ther office, as the Spaniards and other nations doe v&s;e, and might very well be v&s;ed of vs, if the Generall or Co|ronell thinke good, both for auoiding of emulation and charge of pay) but if they be two particular Officers, and beare di&s;tinct &s;way in the band, then let the Lieutenant be very carefull (as he that is the chiefe) to auoide all &s;tomaking and &s;trife that might ari&s;e betwixt him and the Alfierus, for thereby oftentimes great &s;candales haue falne out, and the diui&s;ion of the company, a thing aboue
<PB N="99" REF="55"> all other to be carefully fore&s;eene and &s;hunned. Hee ought to v&s;e a gratious ge&s;ture, and a curteous entertain|ment to all his &s;ouldiers, countenance euery one ioyful|ly, and &s;olicite their cau&s;es carefully towards the Cap|taine and the other Officers, as the Trea&s;urers, Pay|ma&s;ters, Commi&s;&s;aries and &s;uch like, yet euer by the Captaines con&s;ent, yea and to the Captaine him&s;elfe, by who&s;e friendly fauour inferiour Officers may be relieued for their pay or other wants. Be&s;ides he ought to giue or|der and direction to all the company, diuiding and di&s;tri|buting the &s;quadres indifferently and di&s;cretly, to the intent the Corporals and other Officers may be obeyed, and that each enterpri&s;e may be performed without re|ply or contradiction.</P>
<P>It is nece&s;&s;arie that he put in euery Squadre an equall number of euery &s;ort of armes, and that each weapon be &s;orted in a readine&s;&s;e, to the intent that in what place and time &s;oeuer occa&s;ion doth require, euery one of them may to his great aduantage, proceed and front the inua|ding enemie with a forceable &s;trength.</P>
<P>Likewi&s;e it is good &s;ometimes not to &s;uffer a &s;quadre or rather a whole Corps de gard to con&s;i&s;t of &s;ouldiers all of one Countrey and nation, but ought rather to bee artificially mixed, and to &s;eparate them, thereby to auoid quarrell and generalitie of factions, which by rea&s;on of their being together may the rather ari&s;e among&s;t con|&s;orts of one natiue Countrie, and that more commo|diou&s;ly then if they were &s;eparated.</P>
<P>The Captaine being ab&s;ent, the Lieutenant po&s;&s;e&s;&s;eth the principall and chiefe place, and ought to be obeyed as Captaine Neuerthele&s;&s;e in his pre&s;ence, it is requi&s;ite he v&s;e a certaine brotherly friend&s;hip and familiaritie to|wards
<PB N="100" REF="56"> all, yet that notwith&s;tanding, he mu&s;t proceede in all things with &s;uch mode&s;tie and grauity, as he may re|taine &s;uch authoritie and reputation, as the office he doth hold, doth mo&s;t worthily inue&s;t him withall.</P>
<P>There ought to be in him a rea&s;onable good knowledge and facilitie in expre&s;&s;ing his conceit and meaning &s;en&s;i|bly, that the &s;ouldiers may vnder&s;tand what they haue to doe, to the intent he may the more ea&s;ily imprint in the hearts and mindes of his Souldiers all &s;uch things as hee determines, and that be nece&s;&s;arie for the better &s;eruice of his Prince, and the benefit of his Countrey and com|pany, whereunto hee ought to apply him&s;elfe with all po&s;&s;ible diligence, &s;ince that of the Prince he is liberally paid, hath his being of his Countrey, and is diligently obeyed of his Band, where he &s;waies his pre&s;ent office and charge, which is truely of great credit and no le&s;&s;e commoditie.</P>
<P>Let him prouide him&s;elfe of a hor&s;e to beare him, to the intent he may be lu&s;ty and fre&s;h in all enterpri&s;es, and that he may continually take the view and diligently &s;ur|uey the order which they are to keepe in marching, or in making Alta, and at all other times be&s;ides in what en|terpri&s;e &s;oeuer.</P>
<P>He mu&s;t take order that his baggage or carriage, which ought to be as little as may be (which rule the common Souldiers ought likewi&s;e ob&s;erue) be borne and conuaide among&s;t the common cariage, which the Captaine hath ordained and prouided for the v&s;e of the whole band.</P>
<P>He mu&s;t take diligent care to the redeeming of pre&s;t or lent money, which the Captaine &s;hall make according to occa&s;ion or neede among&s;t the company, and to di&s;tri|bute the &s;ame conueniently among&s;t the Souldiers, and
<PB N="101" REF="56"> thereof to render and yeeld good account to the Cap|taine, by doing whereof he &s;hall plea&s;ure the Souldiers much, in which time of pay, he hath very good oportu|nitie to put the Souldiers in minde, and to teach them to proceed in well doing, and to de&s;i&s;t from euill.</P>
<P>It appertaines generally to euery Lieutenant of a band to be of great experience and ripene&s;&s;e of &s;eruice, who&s;e authoritie in the ab&s;ence of the Captaine (as partly I touched before) extendeth to examine, trie, reforme, cor|rect, and amend any offence committed within the band, and al&s;o day and night to bring the company with the En&s;igne to the place of a&s;&s;embly, there in order traine and exerci&s;e the &s;ame, as to the nece&s;&s;ity of &s;eruice doth appertaine, and being commanded by the higher powers to march towards the enemie, mu&s;t encounter and fight with them, as if the Captaine were in pre&s;ence, who vpon impediment, mu&s;t &s;ometimes be ab&s;ent.</P>
<P>Finally, it appertaines to the Lieutenant to watch, ward, approach, conduct, aduance again&s;t the enemies, and to encounter, animate, comfort, and al&s;o to encou|rage the company by word and deed as need &s;erueth: to retire continually maintaining skirmi&s;h, vntill he haue re|couered &s;ome place of &s;afegard.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 N="4" TYPE="chapter">
<HEAD><HI>CHAP. IV.</HI> The office and dutie that appertaines to Lanze-&s;pezzate, vo|luntarie Lieutenants, the Gentlemen of a Band, or Ca|ualliers of <HI>S. Georges</HI> &s;quadrons.</HEAD>
<P>THe &s;undry degrees whereunto valiant Souldiers with a&s;piring mindes &s;eeke to a&s;cend, for that they
<PB N="102" REF="57"> be many, and for that tho&s;e which haue attained and &s;er|ued in tho&s;e roomes and other great offices, by diuers &s;i|ni&s;ter meanes and accidents, be now and then di&s;&s;euered and made fru&s;trate from their charge, as experience hath made many times apparant, who yet neuerthele&s;&s;e being naturally de&s;irous to continue in &s;eruice, and perchance through forraine nece&s;&s;itie are driuen to remaine in pay, in attending further preferment: Therefore this place was fir&s;t inuented for &s;uch per&s;ons, as a &s;peciall &s;eat wherein the flower of warlike &s;oldiers do &s;it, like a greene Lawrell garland that doth environ the martiall head of a mighty Armie, who&s;e order for warlike force or fame, giues not place to the Graecian Phalanges, the chiefe&s;t of the Romane Legions, or to the knightly con&s;titution or couragious enterpri&s;es of tho&s;e of <HI>Arthurs</HI> round table. For there neither hath bin, nor can be found any place of honor or reputation, as to be a Gentleman of a Band, whether we &s;erue for plea&s;ure or for profit, or haue attai|ned thereunto by merit: or whether we haue bin Corpo|rall, Sargeant, Alfierus, or Lieutenant, wherein Captaines &s;ometimes do plant them&s;elues, &s;pecially in the Colonels Squadre, and tempori&s;e the time, vntill preferment doe fall: for thereby their former reputation is nothing di&s;|graced, nor their charge had, in or of any other company, nothing derogated: Con&s;idering that tho&s;e in the&s;e Squadrons, either are or ought to be &s;oldiers of &s;uch po|licie and perfit experience, that they be capable of any office vnder the degree of a Colonell, and may &s;upply any of tho&s;e fore&s;aid offices, or performe any other en|terpri&s;e of great importance commanded by the Cap|taine, Colonell, or Generall.</P>
<P>And for that many youths of noble parentage, and
<PB N="103" REF="57"> Gentlemen of ancient hou&s;es doe likewi&s;e follow the warres, I would that vpon due tryall of their merit, they &s;hould enter into the&s;e Squadrons, which the Prince or Generall is to confirme, and make a di&s;tinct order of va|liant aduentrous &s;oldiers, and call them Caualliers of <HI>S. Georges</HI> Squadrons, or &s;ome &s;uch other title; at who&s;e entrance thereinto, they &s;hall take a &s;olemne oath apper|tayning to their order, and their Corporall &s;hall inve&s;t them with &s;ome Bandroll, Medall or Scarfe, whereupon is pourtrayed <HI>S. George</HI> his armes, which they mu&s;t be bound to weare openly at all times, and in all places, en|terpri&s;es, skirmi&s;hes, battailes, and a&s;&s;aults. I do not put this title for a generall rule, but only as an example for in&s;tance, the title may be as authoritie &s;hall thinke fit.</P>
<P>It is requi&s;ite that a &s;ingular good &s;oldier, being the Gentleman of a band, and Cauallier of <HI>S. George</HI> his &s;qua|dron, if he meane to gaine the grace and fauour of his Captaine and Colonell, that not onely he be &s;ufficiently valiant and wi&s;e, as of nece&s;&s;itie is required at his hands: but it is al&s;o conuenient for him to be rea&s;onable well hor&s;ed, and to haue in &s;tore all &s;orts of armes, as a Hal|berd, Harquebu&s;e for the match or fire-locke, Armour and Target of proofe, his Lance and ca&s;e of Pi&s;tolets, his Pike, his Perti&s;an or Epien to go the Round withall, that he may both day and night varie and change his armes at the offer of all enterpri&s;es, and as change of &s;er|uice doth call him forth.</P>
<P>He mu&s;t alwaies of nece&s;&s;itie haue more than one &s;er|uant, and ought to apparell him in gallant order: the&s;e are to be neere his elbow to follow him with his armes. He ought alwaies to lodge him&s;elfe as neere as is po&s;&s;ible, to the lodging of his Colonell or Captaine, to the intent
<PB N="104" REF="58"> that either armed, or without armes, he may alwayes, ac|cording as the cau&s;e doth require, be about his per&s;on, either on hor&s;eback or on foot; for that the principall guard of this &s;ingular per&s;onage, that is to &s;ay, the Colo|nell or Captaine, doth con&s;i&s;t in the diligence and cu&s;tody of the Caualliers of <HI>S. George</HI> his &s;quadrons: for &s;o I will be bold to call them, though the title be to be varied. The&s;e things notwith&s;tanding, day and night when it fals to his lot, or that he &s;hall be commanded by his Corpo|rall to watch, he mu&s;t di&s;po&s;e him&s;elfe to be able to make particular guard, and that after a mo&s;t exqui&s;ite order: wherein he mu&s;t haue &s;peciall care (without making refu|&s;all at any time) to performe that which &s;hall be appoin|ted him by his Corporall, or by any other that &s;hall com|mand in the name of his Colonell or Captaine. His office in time of watch, for the mo&s;t part, con&s;i&s;ts in going the Round, &s;earching the watch, keeping good order in the Corps of Guard, in being a Coadiutor to the officer that guides the company, or rules the watch, and is for the mo&s;t part exempted from &s;tanding Sentinell, and &s;uch like duties of a common &s;oldier, vnle&s;&s;e great nece&s;&s;itie or &s;peciall &s;eruice con&s;traine. It appertaines to him to haue good experience in going the Round, that in per|forming the &s;ame, he may di&s;creetly gouerne in the ouer|&s;ight of the watch, called the <HI>Sopraguardia:</HI> for in this point doth very much con&s;i&s;t the prouident good order and forme that is to be ob&s;erued, in auoyding the &s;trata|gems, &s;urpri&s;es, &s;allies, and deceits of the enemie. Ap|proching neere to the Sentinell, he mu&s;t giue eye and di|ligent regard in what order and &s;ort he doth finde him vigilant, how ready he is in demanding and taking the word, and after comming neerer him, he mu&s;t examine
<PB N="105" REF="58"> all that hath pa&s;&s;ed or fallen out while&s;t he hath bin in Sentinell, and the order he doth ob&s;erue, and what hath bin appointed him to doe: the which if it be good he mu&s;t confirme, and when he doth finde it to be other|wi&s;e, he mu&s;t reher&s;e and refer the &s;ame to the Corpo|rall of the Sentinell, that he may v&s;e diligent redre&s;&s;e.</P>
<P>Arriuing in any Corps de guard, he mu&s;t aboue all things aduerti&s;e them, that they alwaies keepe fire light for the nece&s;&s;arie commoditie of the Harquebu&s;iers, and for light in the night, taking order with the &s;oldiers that they and their armes may remaine in a forcible readines: through which his good in&s;truction, there may grow to be no want, and &s;o con&s;equently he mu&s;t in like ca&s;es proceed with like prouident diligence.</P>
<P>After this he mu&s;t with great con&s;ideration and mo|de&s;tie, examine euery particular thing, carrying a minde with him&s;elfe to continue and increa&s;e the &s;ame from better to better, and both in him&s;elfe and to them v&s;e ne|ce&s;&s;arie aduerti&s;ements, and in &s;uch &s;ort &s;hall he pa&s;&s;e through all the Corps de guards, and Sentinels.</P>
<P>If it chance him to incounter another <HI>Sopraguardia</HI> or Round, to &s;hun the occa&s;ion of dangerous difference, which &s;ometimes is accu&s;tomed to follow: or for po|licie, in fearing to giue the watch-word to him that pur|po&s;ely comes to rob the &s;ame, that comming from the enemy &s;ecretly, counterfeits the Sentinell, or by &s;ome other practi&s;e, as it &s;ometimes hath cau&s;ed damage to the grieuous lo&s;&s;e and totall preiudice of the Armie: to preuent &s;uch inconuenience, let that <HI>Sopraguardia</HI> which &s;hall be neere&s;t to the next adioyning Sentinell, turne backe, giuing the word after a due accu&s;tomed &s;ort vnto the &s;aid Sentinell, to the intent the fore&s;aid <HI>Sopraguardia</HI>
<PB N="106" REF="59"> may do the like, and when they are of accord, euery one may follow his owne path; but if otherwi&s;e they doe di&s;agree, the deceit remaines di&s;couered, not only in that counterfeit Round, but al&s;o in the fained Sentinell, whom the <HI>Sopraguardia</HI> mu&s;t examine, and demand at his hand &s;ome &s;peciall counter&s;igne or double word, that thereby he may know him for an a&s;&s;ured friend, or finde him an enemy or negligent per&s;on, the which of all men is very well knowne to merit &s;harpe and extreame cha|&s;ti&s;ement, which at no time, &s;o neere as is po&s;&s;ible, is to be omitted.</P>
<P>This former rule is to be ob&s;erued of tho&s;e &s;oldiers that be of one &s;elfe nation: but when the Rounds or Sopraguards be many and of &s;undry Nations, and the Corps of guards likewi&s;e; then the Sopraguard com|ming into a quarter that is &s;tranger vnto him, is bound to giue the word to the Sopraguard of that nation, and of that quarter; &s;o that by &s;uch meanes as well the &s;u&s;pition of deceit, as the occa&s;ion of di&s;cord &s;hall be auoyded.</P>
<P>And if in ca&s;e the &s;aid ordinarie Round or Sopra|guard, do incounter in their owne quarter, with the extra|ordinary, tho&s;e that be ordinary &s;hall indeuour them|&s;elues to take the word of tho&s;e that be extraordinarie: for &s;o it is conuenient, and mo&s;t conformable to that or|der before-&s;aid, wherein I haue &s;et downe what is nece&s;|&s;arie for a Sopraguard or Round to do in a &s;trange quar|ter. And for that it is requi&s;ite, as I haue already touch|ed, that the Caualliers be alwaies about the per&s;on of his chiefe Captaine, without either being bound to Stan|derd, Guidon, or other En&s;igne what&s;oeuer, he mu&s;t in|deuour him&s;elfe, when any enterpri&s;e or warlike affaires is committed to his charge, to be apt and ready to v&s;e
<PB N="107" REF="59"> practi&s;ed experience in directing and guiding a skirmi&s;h, in taking the view of a battery, in di&s;couering of the enemy, in marching or making Alta, in Pa&s;&s;a parde in the valiant repul&s;e of a &s;odaine inuading enemie by <HI>Bawl en bouche,</HI> in taking view of the &s;ituation of a place, in gui|ding a Roade, or troupe of hor&s;emen, in giuing alarme to the enemie, in plucking aduerti&s;ements from the enemy, in placing Imba&s;cades, in giuing Canva&s;adoes, and to know very well how to execute with &s;ound iudgement the&s;e and &s;uch like important affaires, the which for the mo&s;t part appertaine to the Caualliers of this Squadron to performe. As likewi&s;e it hath bin the cu&s;tome to giue them the charge for to plant <HI>Gabiones</HI> for the defence of the Artillery, to batter and endomage the walles, the trenches, the lodgings, and the enemies Squadrons.</P>
<P>Let him remember when he hath bin at any exploit, to bring backe againe into his quarter, tho&s;e &s;oldiers he hath led forth to any enterpri&s;e, vnited and in ranke, marching togither behind him, and neuer &s;uffer them to returne di&s;banded one by one out of order, which is an occa&s;ion of great confu&s;ion, and brings but &s;mall reputation to the Captaine and conductor of them.</P>
<P>Moreouer, it is very nece&s;&s;arie he know how to make a roade and de&s;troy the enemies country; the which like|wi&s;e doth oftentimes appertaine to him to performe: in which exploit he mu&s;t beware aboue all things, that no &s;oldier in tho&s;e enterpri&s;es di&s;per&s;e or di&s;band them|&s;elues, but with an a&s;&s;ured good order, for the mo&s;t part conformable to my following di&s;cour&s;e, wherein I &s;et downe directions, how to conduct &s;oldiers to the skir|mi&s;h: and particularly where I declare that he ought to keepe and maintaine for his people the &s;tronge&s;t place
<PB N="108" REF="60"> of &s;ituation, wherein he mu&s;t skirmi&s;h; for that com|monly &s;oldiers being in di&s;order, wearied and laden with &s;poile, may be ea&s;ily put to flight, broken and oppre&s;&s;ed of the enemies, vnle&s;&s;e they be &s;econded or &s;haded by &s;ome forceable &s;uccour.</P>
<P>I &s;uppo&s;e it likewi&s;e mo&s;t nece&s;&s;arie, that he indeuour him&s;elfe to be apt and &s;ufficient at all times, and in all pla|ces to &s;ollicite and negotiate for his Prince or Chieftaine, any cau&s;e of what weight or moment &s;oeuer, con&s;idering that mo&s;t men are not fit to attempt the performance of &s;uch doubtfull and difficile cau&s;es: for although many make great e&s;timation of them&s;elues, and pre&s;ume much by their daily reading and Theoricke of tho&s;e weighty affaires, yet do they want and come far &s;hort of that bold and ready practi&s;e, which plainely appeares, that the worthy profe&s;&s;ors of Armes po&s;&s;e&s;&s;e; and &s;pecially in the pre&s;ence of great Princes, who&s;e maie&s;tie and reue|rence for the mo&s;t part, doth make cold and bring out of countenance the hotte&s;t &amp; mo&s;t re&s;olute determination: as <HI>Demo&s;thenes</HI> before <HI>Philip</HI> of <HI>Macedone</HI> made apparent, when he was not able to pronounce three words of a long premeditated Oration, in behalfe of the <HI>Athenians.</HI></P>
<P>This worthy Gentleman of a band, this Cauallier of <HI>S. Georges</HI> &s;quadre, and likewi&s;e all other profe&s;&s;ors of warlike armes, ought to carry in minde, that of him and his equals the exerci&s;e of Armes is to be applied, and di|ligently to practi&s;e the &s;ame, to the intent he be not for want of knowledge de&s;pi&s;ed of others; and not igno|rantly to de&s;pi&s;e them that de&s;erue due commendations, but rather to carry and v&s;e the countenance of authoritie to tho&s;e per&s;ons that merit not to beare &s;way and go|uernment, than towards forward &s;oldiers: Yet for all
<PB N="109" REF="60"> that towards the re&s;t in &s;ome other re&s;pects, he ought to gratifie them and helpe them to his power, and &s;o cour|teou&s;ly winne the goodwils and freindly fauour of all &s;ouldiers his equals, to in&s;truct and courteou&s;ly to admo|ni&s;h euery Souldier priuately and apart, what appertaines to his dutie. This Caualliere mu&s;t be able al&s;o to traine &s;ouldiers, to make them march in orderly proportions, to ca&s;t them in ringes, e&s;&s;es, &s;nailes, hear&s;es, &s;quadres, to re|ceiue and giue charge, to faine skirmi&s;hes, on&s;ets, re|traites, and how to order any number of &s;ouldiers, from a hundreth to fiue hundreth, for &s;o many may be in a Band, and vnder one En&s;igne, as the <HI>Swizers</HI> and <HI>Ger|maines</HI> yet v&s;e at this day, and as in former ages our Countrimen haue v&s;ed, which in &s;ome re&s;pects may pa&s;&s;e without reprehen&s;ion. If a Captaine be di&s;po&s;ed to haue &s;o many vnder his En&s;igne, when he is not able to bring the number vnto a whole Colloni&s;hip, together with the knowledge of the order how to traine, he mu&s;t indeauour him&s;elfe to be perfit in drawing platformes, in the Ma|thematikes, in the martiall Lawes, in be&s;ieging of townes, batteries, mines, and each thing el&s;e belonging to mar|tiall di&s;cipline.</P>
<P>Let this worthy Cauallier of <HI>Saint Georges</HI> &s;quadre haue then before his eyes &s;uch like precepts, and manage of martiall affaires, that he may encrea&s;e his owne credit, winne his countrey fame, fauour of his Prince, and ho|nour of his hou&s;e and friends, rather then for the regard of riches, &s;tately hou&s;es, liuings, and &s;uch like, but rather preferre prudent policie, courage, valour and approued experience before &s;uch ba&s;e benefits, whereby hee may attaine to the Lawrell crowne, wherewith diuers mighty Conquerors haue their heads adorned: that hee may be
<PB N="110" REF="61"> an example to the reproach of &s;uch as lewdly &s;pend their daies in idlene&s;&s;e, prodigalitie, lu&s;t and obloquie.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 N="5" TYPE="chapter">
<HEAD><HI>CHAP. V.</HI> The office of a Captaine which hath the guiding of a Band of men.</HEAD>
<P>THat per&s;on which hath the charge to gouerne other men, &s;pecially in matters of weight and of great importance, the liues of men being committed to his hands, vnder who&s;e conduct if any quaile through ra&s;h|ne&s;&s;e or want of knowledge, he is bound to render ac|count before God: and therefore he ought to be of no|table capacitie, experience, and exemplar in all his acti|ons and enterpri&s;es, &s;ince it is a generall note that the eyes of all tho&s;e that be &s;ubiects, be turned towards their principall head and chiefe, in whom as it were in a gla&s;&s;e, they retaine an a&s;&s;ured hope to behold mo&s;t ready rules and perfit examples, whereby they may guide and go|uerne them&s;elues.</P>
<P>In this particular charge of a Captaine, the qualitie of his Officers, make almo&s;t a manife&s;t &s;hew of his valour and experience: Therefore like an old and expert Soul|dier, as one that hath pa&s;t through all tho&s;e degrees and offices &s;et downe in my two former bookes, he mu&s;t v&s;e a circum&s;pect care in leuying and making choi&s;e of his company, that is, to make election of a politike and pra|cti&s;ed Lieutenant, of a couragious Alfierus, of a carefull Sergeant, of gallant and valiant Caualliers of his &s;quadre, of valiant Corporals, of a diligent Chancellour, Secreta|rie,
<PB N="111" REF="61"> or Clarke of the Band, of a faithfull Furrier or Har|binger, being of good iudgement and con&s;ideration, and of a Surgion prouided of all things nece&s;&s;arie to mini&s;ter according to his arte. But aboue all things let him pro|uide to retaine in his Band a Preacher, or &s;uch a per&s;on which may take care to mini&s;ter the Communion to the Souldiers, and &s;pecially to roote obedience in their hearts: who likewi&s;e euery day may celebrate diuine &s;er|uice, which euen from the beginning hath beene v&s;ed of the Church. And finally mu&s;t haue for euery hundreth a practi&s;ed Drummer of good vnder&s;tanding.</P>
<P>When he hath gathered and vnited his companie, the whole Band being pre&s;ent, his Mini&s;ter mu&s;t deuoutly read certaine praiers, and afterward the En&s;igne &s;hall be publikely placed in the hands, and recommended to the cu&s;todie of the Alfierus, and as in my former di&s;cour&s;e of this point, command him to haue as much care there|of, as of his proper life, honour and credite, which hee ought couragiou&s;ly to aduance and di&s;play, to prefer his party in a rightfull quarrell, according to my &s;peech where I &s;et downe his duty. This done he mu&s;t priuate|ly make election among&s;t his chiefe&s;t Souldiers of &s;o ma|ny Caualliers or Lancia Spezzata, that is to &s;ay, Gentle|men of his Band, as may amount to the number of two out of euery &s;quadre. Some nations v&s;e 50. to a &s;qua|dre, as the Suitzers and Germaines, &s;ome others le&s;&s;e, ac|cording to their di&s;cretion: but in my opinion 25. is a more conuenient number, both for that the Corporall may the more often and with greater diligent care in|&s;truct and &s;ee to his charge, then if they were 50. Be&s;ides 25. &s;ouldiers diuided into 5. rankes makes a iu&s;t &s;quare, &s;o that by the &s;ame account 300. may containe 12. &s;qua|dres,
<PB N="112" REF="62"> and euery one haue a Corporall of the &s;ame num|ber: whereof 10. Corporalls haue the leading of mixt weapons, the 11. charge ouer the Halberdiers, and the 12. to con&s;i&s;t of Gentlemen, old and expert Souldiers, among&s;t whom the targets of proofe ought to be in num|ber. The Captaine at the &s;ame time, when he appoints his En&s;igne, mu&s;t likewi&s;e &s;olemnly con&s;titute and con|firme a Corporall ouer the Caualliers of his &s;quadre, which he may entitle of Saint <HI>George,</HI> and enroll their names by this title, the Corporall and Caualliers of of <HI>S. George</HI> his &s;quadre. He may inue&s;t and be&s;tow vp|on the Corporall a &s;carfe of red and white &s;ar&s;net, and a Medall or iewell of gold or &s;iluer double gilt, wherein the portrature of <HI>S. George</HI> is liuely wrought, to hang a|bout his necke, at his &s;carfe or otherwi&s;e: and moreouer to him and all the re&s;t of the &s;quadre he may giue a little Phane or Penon of &s;ilke vpon a wire, whereof the Cro&s;&s;e mu&s;t be of red, and the re&s;t of the &s;quare white, the other part of the &s;ar&s;enet of the Captaines coulors, or with what words, or deui&s;e therein &s;hall plea&s;e him be&s;t: They mu&s;t weare this behind, either vpon their burganets, or vpon their hats if they will in a plume of red and white feathers, &s;pecially in all enterpri&s;es and warlike attempts: Be&s;ides this vpon their ca&s;&s;ockes or mandillions towards their right bre&s;t a red cro&s;&s;e of veluet, &s;atten or &s;carlet, imbrothered or comely &s;titched, that they may appeare manife&s;tly and be knowne from the re&s;t of the Souldiers, like worthy Guides and Leaders, who&s;e courage and va|lour may incite others to a&s;cend to their dignitie and degree.</P>
<P>They mu&s;t &s;olemnly promi&s;e, vow and &s;weare to their po&s;&s;ibilitie, not onely to be the fir&s;t to force the breach of
<PB N="113" REF="62"> a battered towne, trench, or fortre&s;&s;e, to giue the fir&s;t cou|ragious on&s;et vpon the maine battaile, or the enemies &s;quadrons, to peirce a pa&s;&s;age, and gallantly guide the Souldiers to the skirmi&s;h, to &s;uddaine &s;allies, &s;urpri&s;es, e&s;calados, canua&s;ados, and &s;uch like, but al&s;o to ob&s;erue, maintaine, and in&s;truct the ignorant in all militarie dire|ctions, ob&s;eruations, and martiall lawes of the field.</P>
<P>In re&s;pect hereof tho&s;e that be Caualliers and Gentle|men of this &s;quadre, mu&s;t be intertained with a &s;tipend and greater pay then the common Souldier, and with o|ther notable &s;ignes of manife&s;t difference, by rea&s;on they either are or ought to be the be&s;t and mo&s;t practi&s;ed Souldiers in his whole band: for this word Lancia &s;pez|zata among&s;t the <HI>Italians,</HI> is of no other &s;ignification, then a tried experience in the warres. To which Caual|liers he may freely and faithfully with great confidence and tru&s;t, commit the charge of any office in his compa|nie that is vacant, or the performance of any other enter|pri&s;e or accident, and may if he will tearme them extra|ordinary Lieutenants, which he mu&s;t alwaies haue about him vpon any &s;odaine to execute his commandement, and &s;upply other offices when time &s;hall &s;erue.</P>
<P>A Captaine ought to haue &s;peciall and particular knowledge of all tho&s;e things that appertaine to the of|fice of a Lieutenant, and the office of an Alfierus, which if he thinke good he may linke both in one, for among&s;t diuers nations now a daies, one man commonly &s;upplies both their offices.</P>
<P>The office and dutie of the Sergeants of the Caual|liers of S. <HI>Georges</HI> &s;quadre, whom he mu&s;t e&s;teeme as ex|traordinarie Lieutenants of the Corporals, Clarke of the Band, Harbinger, Drummes and Fifes: and finally, the
<PB N="114" REF="63"> dutie of euery particular and common Souldier, that he may pre&s;ently redre&s;&s;e any thing ami&s;&s;e, and vpon any new accident to in&s;truct them either in marching, encamping, or fighting, &s;o that he may be able to com|mand them, according as time, place, and rea&s;on doth require, without contradiction or appointing that to be done of one Officer, which ought to be done of an o|ther: or that he doth command them to doe things not conuenient, and much le&s;&s;e that which is not lawfull or not honourable. Which order of proceeding doth ve|ry much di&s;plea&s;e and bring men of warre in mi&s;like of &s;uch vndirect dealings. Since the principall point and practi&s;e whereunto their exerci&s;e in armes doth tend, is to attaine reputation, honour, and credite, he mu&s;t con|tinually court his Collonell and Cheiftaine, forcing him|&s;elfe to be one of the fir&s;t that doth &s;alute him in the mor|ning, and of the la&s;t to depart from him in the euening, that thereby hee may be &s;ufficiently in&s;tructed and in|formed in euery particular act and practi&s;e, which is to be put in execution, touching the performance of any enterpri&s;e or warlike act, &s;ince that in tho&s;e ca&s;es a wary man may be&s;t take hold of occa&s;ion, whereof he ought to make triall in time of warre, the which he is likewi&s;e to accompli&s;h, a&s;well for the &s;eruice of his cheife and Prince, as al&s;o for his owne &s;atisfaction, and the honour, benefit, and reputation of his Souldiers.</P>
<P>Let him in &s;ome &s;ort prouide with as much aduantage and commodity as he can, that his &s;ouldiers baggage be alwaies conducted from place to place, alwaies prohibi|ting &s;uperfluitie, and in long voiages their cor&s;lets and armes of heauie burthen: prouided that he march not in &s;u&s;pected places, and in the enemies countrie, but not otherwi&s;e.</P>
<PB N="115" REF="63">
<P>Let him take order that his Souldiers be light in ap|parell, &s;o that it be warme, and haue as little baggage and otherwi&s;e loaden as may be, to the intent they may v&s;e all their diligence about their weapons, and not to hale backe for feare of loo&s;ing the &s;ame, but rather haue re|&s;pect to the warie keeping of their armes, and that they may rather be more bent and determined to fight, in hope of gaine and honour, then &s;u&s;pected thorough the doubt of loo&s;ing that which they already po&s;&s;e&s;&s;e.</P>
<P>He mu&s;t not be couetous, neither retaine one penie of pay from his Souldiers, but rather di&s;tribute among&s;t them, all the aduantages, dead paies, and capi&s;oldi: to the intent they may be well paied and rewarded which merite the &s;ame, &s;o &s;hall he gaine honour and make them a&s;&s;ured in perillous &s;eruice.</P>
<P>Let him re&s;traine &s;ouldiers from hauing hor&s;es, thereby to auoide confu&s;ion, for that commonly euery one mu&s;t march about the En&s;igne, to the intent the rankes be not broken and di&s;turbed by hor&s;es: And that Souldiers be not occupied in going abroad for forrage for their hor|&s;es, as of nece&s;&s;itie they mu&s;t, which is proper to Hor&s;e|men and not to footmen, but onely tho&s;e which are to be permitted with the Lieutenant, the Alfierus, and &s;ome of the Caualliers of <HI>Saint Georges</HI> &s;quadre, that are Gentle|men of greate&s;t experience, for that they may &s;erue in &s;teed and place of light hor&s;emen, to view, di&s;couer, con|duct and carie a me&s;&s;age or commandement with great &s;peed, when and where need doth require.</P>
<P>It is nece&s;&s;ary for him to haue &s;ome knowledge and &s;ight in making bulwarkes, trenches, platformes, skon|ces, fortre&s;&s;es, and &s;uch like, and to know the nature and qualitie of them, a&s;well that with aduantage he may bee
<PB N="116" REF="64"> able to know how to a&s;&s;ault, as al&s;o to make them with facilitie, in times and places mo&s;t nece&s;&s;arie: which vn|der&s;tanding and Art, is particularly conuenient for him, con&s;idering the defence of men of warre in the field, for the mo&s;t part con&s;i&s;ts a&s;well in trenches, bulwarkes, and perfect platformes, as in good and well gouerned &s;qua|dre and in maine battaile.</P>
<P>He mu&s;t haue with him a paire of lanthornes for the campe, &s;ome cre&s;&s;ets, linkes, or torches that blow not out with the winde, and &s;uch like to v&s;e in the night, and in &s;tormes and tempe&s;ts for &s;eruice of the company, as in roundes, alarmes &amp;c. And for his proper commoditie and ornament a pauillion or tent of &s;ufficient capacitie, ve&s;&s;els to accommodate his victuals, and furniment for the fire and kitchin, of &s;mall weight and di&s;turbance in cariage, and certaine hou&s;hold &s;tuffe nece&s;&s;arie for him|&s;elfe and his traine, to the intent he may &s;o neere as is po&s;|&s;ible commodiou&s;ly make &s;upplie to the continuation of things requi&s;ite for victuals. He ought alwaies to lodge with his Band, and remaine with the &s;ame both in good and euill, and continually &s;hew him&s;elfe louing and cour|teous, and take &s;uch part as the Souldiers doe: for con|trariwi&s;e, taking his ea&s;e, and &s;uffering them to be lodged or fedde mi&s;erably, breedeth him hatred or contempt.</P>
<P>Neither ought hee to &s;hunne toile and trauaile, but carefully take delight and liking to be alwaies the fir&s;t, that with prouident prudence doth lay his hand to any worke, or performe any enterpri&s;e which is conuenient to be done: for that for the mo&s;t part the rude &s;tubborne multitude of Souldiers is not con&s;trained and forced &s;o much, to doe his dutie by compul&s;ion, as they be volun|tarie moued thereunto through &s;hame, and a reuerent
<PB N="117" REF="64"> re&s;pect they haue to the example of their Superiour. Neither let the practi&s;e of the &s;ame be painefull vnto him, for that to liue at ea&s;e and to be curious of his owne com|modious being, and &s;uffer his Souldiers ta&s;t the toiles of trauaile, is rather the order of a delicate Prince, then of a carefull and couragious Captaine.</P>
<P>Let him not faile euery night that he is of the watch, to &s;end his Sergeant to take the word &s;ecretly of the Ser|geant maior, (wherewith the watch of that night ought to be gouerned) or of &s;ome other that &s;hall be appointed to giue it, which hee mu&s;t v&s;e wi&s;ely and warily, &s;ince that negligence in like ca&s;es may be the ruine of him and his company, and con&s;equently of a whole armie. Hee mu&s;t haue tried experience, and full practi&s;e in all the points noted of me in my fir&s;t booke, and be perfit in the conduct of martiall affaires, that with great facilitie hee may be able to know, and with great adui&s;e to deale in all the particulars belonging to all the degrees of &s;ouldiers vnder his e&s;tate, and of le&s;&s;e e&s;timation then a Cap|taine.</P>
<P>It behoues him to carie a valiant and couragious heart, that vpon all &s;uddaines he may be able to execute all en|terpri&s;es, and that hauing ouer-viewed, ordered and di&s;|po&s;ed tho&s;e things that be nece&s;&s;ary, he may be able to execute the &s;ame with &s;uch prompt and ready dexteritie, as appertaines to the terrible and bloudy accidents of armes. And although there be very few who haue &s;uch happy &s;ucce&s;&s;e, as they may be accounted fortunate and politike both together: Neuerthele&s;&s;e it is requi&s;ite he be prudent, and di&s;cipher and looke before hand into &s;uch things as are like to fall out, that he may with di&s;creete mode&s;ty v&s;e either good or euill fortune, whether &s;oeuer
<PB N="118" REF="65"> &s;hall ari&s;e: for the life of man is to be compared to the play at Tables, in the which the player may de&s;ire and deui&s;e which is the be&s;t ca&s;t, but yet which way &s;oeuer the dice turne, either good or euill, he ought with as great di&s;cretion and arte as he can, accommodate him&s;elfe and &s;erue his turne withall. He &s;hould po&s;&s;e&s;&s;e and be in|dued with a noble minde, that he may alwaies haue the &s;ame inclined to di&s;creet liberalitie, and not to nigardly couetou&s;nes, by which vice we &s;ee many incurre and fall into mo&s;t opprobrious chances, into trea&s;ons and perni|cious rebellions, which are men worthy of mo&s;t &s;hame|full corrections.</P>
<P>I iudge it likewi&s;e very nece&s;&s;arie for him to be elo|quent, &s;ince that qualitie hath great efficacie in per&s;wa|ding of mens mindes, which oftentimes haue much need to be wakened and pricked forward with a &s;purre, &s;peci|ally in tho&s;e terrible accidents that fall out in the exerci&s;e of armes, which in painfull perilous actions would other|wi&s;e langui&s;h, faint, and become fearefull. Therefore let the loue towards God, the care of their Country, their pre&s;ent perill, the example of magnanimitie in their fore|fathers, the quarrell, cau&s;e, and benefits to &s;oule &amp; body, be meanes to make them valiantly accompli&s;h their acts. He ought neuer to make conference, concerning that which he is to put in execution, neither of any one thoght imagination, or inuention appertaining to the &s;tate of tho&s;e warlike attempts and affaires, but with tho&s;e per|&s;ons, of whom he may a&s;&s;uredly re&s;erue faithfull and friendly coun&s;ell; for that the importance of &s;uch and &s;o great dealings, ought euer to be had in &s;u&s;pition of di&s;|couerie. Therefore a wi&s;e and carefull man will euer haue a warie and iealous eye ouer &s;uch weighty affaires.</P>
<PB N="119" REF="65">
<P>Now the order for him to puni&s;h his &s;oldiers in ca&s;es wherein they are not guilty of death, I thinke the mo&s;t important puni&s;hment which appertaines to the Cap|taine to giue them, is openly amid&s;t the whole company and band, &s;hamefully to di&s;arme them, to take away their money and chiefe&s;t garments, and &s;o to bani&s;h them and &s;end them packing: for to put them to death, or furiou|&s;ly to beat them, belongs to the office of the Ma&s;ter of the Campe and Mar&s;hall of the field, and not to the Cap|taine; for if he &s;hould beat his &s;oldiers, he &s;hould make him&s;elfe hated and emba&s;e him&s;elfe, and bring his &s;oldi|ers either to become mutinous or abiects. Note, that it is not &s;ufficient onely for a Captaine to haue ordained his Company di&s;creetly, and therein to haue great numbers of good men, which is to &s;ay, in warlike affaires valiant men: but aboue all things it is very nece&s;&s;arie when he &s;hall come to blowes and fight, he &s;hould aduenture and performe the &s;ame to his manife&s;t aduantage, or el&s;e con|&s;trained thereunto by pure nece&s;&s;itie, although he ought to flie the la&s;t &s;o much as he is able, ob&s;eruing this for a generall rule, not to fight either by chance, either for plea&s;ure, or for ambition, as many times we &s;ee done by ra&s;h and ambitious Chiefes and Captaines.</P>
<P>Moreouer, he mu&s;t worke in &s;uch &s;ort, that his &s;oldiers haue very good occa&s;ion and apt means to win the victo|ry, and that they be fre&s;h and lu&s;tie, to the intent that in fighting they may ouercome: for without the&s;e and like aduerti&s;ements by tempting fortune, men for the mo&s;t part both loo&s;e, and are ouerthrowne.</P>
<P>It is very conuenient he procure the hauing of an am|ple and autentike Patent of his Colonell, with as large words of fauour as may be, wherein mu&s;t be declared at
<PB N="120" REF="66"> the in&s;tance and appointment of what Prince the expedi|tion is made, and &s;o with mode&s;tie and prudence he &s;hall v&s;e the authoritie that is giuen him, but neuerthele&s;&s;e there, as it behoues him &s;o to doe.</P>
<P>It is not requi&s;ite that in all places he &s;uffer his En&s;igne to be di&s;played; the manner and doing whereof &s;hewes force and authoritie, the which many times is not to be v&s;ed, neither in each place: when a man is inferior to o|thers, he ought to v&s;e great dexteritie and mode&s;tie, which euer fals out both to be commodious and commendable.</P>
<P>And moreouer according to the order of <HI>Pa&s;&s;a parole,</HI> of aduerti&s;ements from mouth to mouth, he ought euer to ob&s;erue a &s;ilent and a&s;&s;ured plaine information to his whole band, whereby they may vpon the &s;odaine alter aray, make <HI>alta,</HI> march &s;low or fa&s;t, clo&s;e or in wide ranks, or prepare their peece, match and bullet for a &s;ud|daine Alarme, inua&s;ion, skirmi&s;h, or defence.</P>
<P>A Captaine that mu&s;t leuie a band is to make his ele|ction and choi&s;e of his officers and &s;oldiers, not only ap|proued and &s;ufficiently experienced, but al&s;o v&s;e &s;uch &s;peedy march in his expedition and iourney, that he may ioyne his company to the re&s;t of the Armie, at or before the appointed day and place.</P>
<P>When he may march by land with his company, let him neuer de&s;ire to goe by &s;ea, hoping to &s;pare co&s;t and &s;horten time; for by becomming &s;ubiect to the indi&s;cre|tion of the winde, either through long abode, or &s;ome accident by &s;hipwrack or tempe&s;ts, there hath ri&s;en many times great di&s;turbance and ruine without remedie, &s;ince by this defect many good occa&s;ions, and of great impor|tance haue bin lo&s;t and made fru&s;trate.</P>
<P>He ought neuer to take iourney in hand without a
<PB N="121" REF="66"> guide, the which he mu&s;t procure to be giuen him by the Chiefe that doth command him, to the intent he may al|waies remaine excu&s;ed and faultle&s;&s;e from tho&s;e errors, that by &s;uch defects may or do commonly ari&s;e; which diligence is not onely particularly to be v&s;ed, when any iourney of &s;mall length is to be guided, but if any long iourney is to be made (not being able to do better) he mu&s;t circum&s;pectly haue him alwaies by his &s;ide, neither ought to haue him &s;lip away from him or ab&s;ent, &s;ince that euery &s;mall error or going out of the way in a iour|ney and marching, doth di&s;plea&s;e &s;oldiers and warlike per&s;ons, and yeelds le&s;&s;e reputation to the Captaine, who ought alwaies to march with them, and to prouide and procure through his authoritie all things nece&s;&s;arie, with the greate&s;t fauour and aduantage po&s;&s;ible.</P>
<P>He ought alwaies to keepe his &s;oldiers exerci&s;ed, by often view and mu&s;ter of them, marching &s;ometimes along in rankes by 3.5.7. and 9. &amp;c. in a ranke: &s;ometime in trayning them in Rings, E&s;&s;es, Dees, Battailes, Squa|drons, turning one rank through an other, in leading them to skirmi&s;h, &amp; in &s;uch &s;ort practi&s;e them daily. And al&s;o he mu&s;t cau&s;e his &s;oldiers to &s;hoot vollees of &s;hot, &s;ome|times all at once, &s;ometimes by rankes, and &s;ometimes mixed: the which vollees vpon the &s;igne or &s;ound of drum, or word of mouth by the Captaine mu&s;t be ac|compli&s;hed with celeritie, and clo&s;ely togither and cun|ningly, and not out of di&s;order or by peeces, a great while one after another, but vpon their di&s;charge, ioyntly togither; without rumor, noi&s;e or tumult they mu&s;t all charge againe, and vpon a &s;igne giuen by the Captaine, giue a fre&s;h vollee &amp;c.</P>
<PB N="122" REF="67">
<P>He mu&s;t likewi&s;e delight to &s;ee them well armed with all &s;orts of armes, euery one according to the weapon he beares: and &s;ometimes likewi&s;e exerci&s;e them in run|ning, leaping, wra&s;tling, throwing the barre, and ordina|rily cau&s;e them to be wakened in the morning betimes, charging the drums to &s;trike the Diana throughout the whole quarter.</P>
<P>A Captaine may at all times accompanie his band with the &s;ound of drum and fife, which mu&s;t giue order to their continuall march, and directs all their other enter|pri&s;es, vnle&s;&s;e to accompany pri&s;oners, to entrench, make plaine the way, to make and carry fagots, baskets, or ga|bions from the wood, and &s;uch like &s;eruile and pe&s;antly &s;eruice, hardly dige&s;ted of honorable &s;oldiers.</P>
<P>He to the intent he may be both loued and obeyed of his &s;oldiers, mu&s;t apply him&s;elf to be prouident and po|litike in pacifying di&s;cords, and all &s;uch difference as &s;hall ari&s;e among&s;t them, wherein if he finde any ob&s;tinate, &s;o &s;oone as he hath performed his indeuour, and that there|by they will not agree and become friands, &s;o &s;oone as their pay is ended, he ought to di&s;charge them. In times pa&s;t it hath bin v&s;ed of notable Colonels to permit the combat, and cau&s;e them to fight it out, thereby to extin|gui&s;h their ob&s;tination, to bridle their furie, and giue no|table example to the re&s;t: the which order although it hath bin tryed to auaile very much for their good go|uernment, yet it is not to be v&s;ed among&s;t Chri&s;tians, Councells of Diuines hauing forbidden the &s;ame; vn|le&s;&s;e to feare the parties he faigne that the &s;ame &s;hall be performed of them to the vttermo&s;t, and at the ioyning in fight to cau&s;e them &s;tay, and take other order of pu|ni&s;hment, except they accord, and to di&s;charge them.</P>
<PB N="123" REF="67">
<P>A Captaine ought to v&s;e all art and indu&s;try to invade, endomage, and ouerthrow the enemie, &s;pecially infidels: and aboue all things to be franke of minde, and to feare nothing but di&s;hone&s;t fame: likewi&s;e that he purcha&s;e authoritie among&s;t his &s;oldiers by meanes of vertue and valour; let him procure by practi&s;e and effectuall expe|rience to be accounted a wi&s;e and a worthy valiant Cap|taine, rather than to beare the name of a &s;imple, weake, and vndi&s;creet Colonell: for the name of a Captaine is a type and title of &s;peciall honor.</P>
<P>He mu&s;t likewi&s;e in re&s;pect of a certaine inward de&s;ire of emulation, not carie a ba&s;e and abiect minde, but &s;till a&s;piring with great &s;ubtiltie, by good inuention and in|du&s;try, of a firme and faithfull di&s;po&s;ition, and neuer &s;ubiect to forgetfulnes, to the intent he may retaine in memory tho&s;e things that be well done, and all commen|dable enterpri&s;es, the which do marueilou&s;ly and incre|dibly delight and feede mens mindes and di&s;po&s;itions.</P>
<P>A Captaine mu&s;t euer take care that his whole charge be &s;till furni&s;hed with men, armour, weapons and muniti|ons, with all things needfull, and di&s;tributed at conueni|ent times.</P>
<P>He mu&s;t &s;uffer none through idlene&s;&s;e to neglect his armour, weapons and other furniture, whereby he &s;hall grow vnready to &s;eruice at neede, but giue his officers commandment circum&s;pectly to looke to the &s;ame.</P>
<P>Soldiers &s;hould be prohibited from ouer-much liberty, neither to v&s;e whore-hunting, drunkenne&s;&s;e, common &s;wearing, quarrelling, fighting, cou&s;ening, or &s;uch like, but &s;peedy correction to be v&s;ed.</P>
<P>Proui&s;ion of victuals, armour &amp; munition being made, it mu&s;t di&s;creetly be v&s;ed in due time by victuallers ap|pointed,
<PB N="124" REF="68"> and to be di&s;tributed vnto the &s;oldiers, and to &s;ee that the victuallers and other artificers, lending vnto &s;ol|diers vpon their credit at neede, vntill their pay day, may be truely &s;atisfied.</P>
<P>If any &s;oldiers be taken pri&s;oners, to be ran&s;omed home in due time, that his bands remaine not vnfur|ni&s;hed.</P>
<P>Diuers points of &s;eruice are committed to the Cap|taine, wherein great di&s;cretion and &s;eruice is to be v&s;ed, as in a Conuoy, Canui&s;ado, Ambu&s;h, Skirmi&s;h, Approch, A&s;&s;ault, retreit, &s;urpri&s;e, pa&s;&s;age of riuers, &s;treights, &s;odaine fortifications, di&s;coueries, &amp;c. As in the&s;e and &s;uch like occurrences, it is nece&s;&s;arie to v&s;e the adui&s;e of expert &s;oldiers, who&s;e opinions are worthy to be ob&s;erued, gra|tifying and rewarding them according to the value of their coun&s;els. So likewi&s;e a Captaine mu&s;t &s;ometimes proue, and circum&s;pectly try by fained pretences, affir|ming that he meanes to performe certaine exploits, and will march to &s;ome place, nothing intending the &s;ame, to the intent to di&s;cipher tho&s;e that be bu&s;ie-bodies, ra&s;h and vn&s;ecret in coun&s;ell, and &s;uch as pre&s;ume without knowledge or experience; afterward reuealing the &s;ame, may try the truth and puni&s;h the offenders, as to his dutie and office is conuenient.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 N="6" TYPE="chapter">
<HEAD><HI>CHAP. VI.</HI> The Office of a Colonell.</HEAD>
<P>A Valiant and worthy Colonell, after he hath a lawfull di&s;patch of his Prince, and hath obtained his patent and pre&s;t money, to conduct that number of &s;oldiers his
<PB N="125" REF="68"> charge and expedition &s;hall containe, with all conuenient diligence, and according as he is appointed, he mu&s;t make election of as many Captaines as be needfull, di&s;tributing to euery one 300 for a band, which number is of mo&s;t conuenient quantitie: for by reducing companies to a le&s;&s;e number, as in our time is v&s;ed, &s;pecially among&s;t the Spaniards and Italians, and followed by the French and Engli&s;h, they may rather carry the name of Lieutenants and Centurions, than beare the title of Captaines. Be&s;ides a band being made of a &s;mall number, the Trea&s;urers con&s;ume much more money among&s;t the great &s;tore of officers, the which ought to be by all meanes po&s;&s;ible auoyded of a politike Generall, and of a prudent Prince, to auoide extraordinarie expence and confu&s;ion, which doth ea&s;ily ari&s;e among&s;t the multitude of officers.</P>
<P>He mu&s;t be prouident to entertaine tho&s;e that be old Captaines, practi&s;ed, and bearing a good port, and that be loued and de&s;ired of the &s;oldiers, whom he ought to ac|companie and prefer with the greate&s;t authoritie he can giue, with ample, &s;ealed, and autentike Patents, thereby more &s;peedily and more ea&s;ily he may accompli&s;h his affaires.</P>
<P>It is requi&s;ite he equally impart to euery one, the quan|titie of that pre&s;t money he hath receiued, to the intent the Captaine and the officers ari&s;e not to be burdened, taxed, and con&s;umed by ordinarie and extraordinarie meanes, and other manife&s;t wayes about tho&s;e affaires; and to the intent the &s;oldiers may ta&s;te of beneuolence of their Colonell: for by that meanes credit is &s;u&s;tained, and his traine augmented, a thing mo&s;t nece&s;&s;arie to per&s;onages that &s;upply &s;o great a place. For it is requi&s;ite that men in the beginning be not di&s;couraged for want of nece&s;&s;ary
<PB N="126" REF="69"> proui&s;ion, yea rather to lend of his owne (con&s;idering he is to be paid againe) then his &s;ouldiers &s;hould bee brought to any extremity.</P>
<P>The di&s;tribution of the pre&s;t-money ought to be pre|ferred with great prudence, for afterwards at the banke, the &s;ame otherwi&s;e may be retained, and &s;ub&s;traction made of all the whole money, either in the fir&s;t pay or tho&s;e that follow, more or le&s;&s;e as it &s;eemes expedient, principally for the v&s;e and commoditie of the &s;ouldiers, con&s;idering (that according to the Prouerb) a man can hardly at any time &s;erue two ma&s;ters, and therefore hee mu&s;t &s;tand vpon this &s;peciall point, to be more carefull not to doe any thing preiudiciall to the honourable exer|ci&s;e of armes, then to plea&s;e the couetous and in&s;atiable humour of &s;ome Captaines, whom in effect it plea&s;ures but little, in re&s;pect their greedy de&s;ire is neuer &s;atisfied: Neuerthele&s;&s;e it falls out to bee a maruellous lo&s;&s;e and hinderance to the enterpri&s;e, &s;pecially to men of valour and &s;ouldiers, without who&s;e aide a Collonell is but of &s;mall force and value: And to conclude, money mu&s;t al|waies be procured, di&s;per&s;ed and &s;pent with great di&s;cre|tion, order, and con&s;ideration, &s;ince the &s;ame is &s;o ne|ce&s;&s;arie to man, as it is called the &s;inewes of warres.</P>
<P>It is a thing mo&s;t requi&s;ite that he carrie with him at the lea&s;t, one Mini&s;ter, a man of good life, who may ex|emplarly attend about the care of Eccle&s;ia&s;ticall matters, wherein aboue all other things we ought thorowly to be &s;taid and in&s;tructed.</P>
<P>He mu&s;t likewi&s;e haue in his regiment be&s;ides the or|dinary Surgeons, an excellent and tried Phi&s;ition, well prouided of all drugs and &s;piceries, and of other things nece&s;&s;arie to be mini&s;tred to tho&s;e that be &s;icke.</P>
<PB N="127" REF="69">
<P>His Lieutenant for his regiment mu&s;t be of a &s;ingular qualitie and excellent experience, who not onely mu&s;t particularly gouerne his owne band and company, but al&s;o with great prudence and policie take care and charge ouer all the people which are in the bands vnder his Co|lonell, wherein the Lieutenant mu&s;t proceed according to my rules for the Lieutenant of a priuate band, and the notes in my &s;econd and third booke. His owne Alfierus as Generall and Superiour to the re&s;t of the En&s;igne-bearers vnder his Collonnel&s;hip, mu&s;t bee guided and gouerned by a &s;ingular and &s;ub&s;tantiall &s;ouldier, a Gen|tleman of an auncient hou&s;e, courteous, wi&s;e and en|dowed with good conditions.</P>
<P>The &s;ame order he ought likewi&s;e to ob&s;erue, in the e|lection of his Caualliers of the &s;quadre, of his Sergeants, of his Corporalls, of his Drummers, and euery other Officer. It is a thing mo&s;t nece&s;&s;ary and conuenient, as in my &s;econd booke, and the office of a Captaine I haue touched, that a Collonell &s;hould retaine in his regiment, and &s;pecially in his owne band about him, a number of wi&s;e and worthy &s;ouldiers, to be the Gentlemen of his company, Lance Spezzate, or &s;erue for extraordinarie Lieutenants, whom the Collonell mu&s;t not onely v&s;e and entreat well with an aduantage in their pay, but al&s;o fea&s;t them, cheri&s;h them, and &s;et them oftentimes by cour&s;e at his owne table, and alwaies &s;hew them a courteous coun|tenance, with which &s;hew of friendly courte&s;ie, &s;ouldiers be incredibly fedde, and contrariwi&s;e maruellou&s;ly di&s;|plea&s;ed with the hautie lookes of proud di&s;daine. For all tho&s;e that make profe&s;&s;ion of this worthy Art, are of great curio&s;itie and courage, and therefore men of warre ought neuer (again&s;t right) be villanou&s;ly handled, ei|ther
<PB N="128" REF="70"> in word, deed or countenance.</P>
<P>He mu&s;t create a Sergeant Maior, that is a &s;ouldier of great experience, and that particularly is a profe&s;&s;our of that office, to the end he know preci&s;ely what is to bee preferred in euery practi&s;e: &s;uch a one as can yeeld there|of a perfect account and di&s;cour&s;e, and that con&s;equent|ly can much better by deed then by word execute any enterpri&s;e. And for that in his office it is nece&s;&s;arie for him to vary and change purpo&s;e, with infinite aduerti&s;e|ments and con&s;iderations, as the &s;hortne&s;&s;e of time now and then requires, the di&s;commoditie of the place and &s;eat thereof doth inforce, the order of the enemies doth con&s;traine, or according to his owne proper pollicie, or the prouident prudence of his Collonell: but for that this place doth not permit to &s;peake particularly of eue|ry point, I will pa&s;&s;e ouer the &s;ame, and onely referre all to the prouidence of his long and approued experience, which of nece&s;&s;itie is required vnto him, which I further referre to my following di&s;cour&s;e of the Sergeant Maior generall.</P>
<P>He ought to make a Mar&s;hall of his lodgings, who mu&s;t be his principall Furrier and Harbinger, that mu&s;t attend with great diligence, to procure lodging for all, without plea&s;ing any one particular per&s;on for any pri|uate commoditie what&s;oeuer, but mu&s;t equally di&s;tri|bute, and depart the quarters and lodgings according as neede requires: neither is it to be borne withall, that hee doe make free any hou&s;es or lodgings, neither go about any &s;uch like gaine, a mo&s;t di&s;hone&s;t and vnlawfull rob|berie, which oftentimes doth cau&s;e great lo&s;&s;e &amp; di&s;com|moditie to men of warre, &s;mall reputation to their Con|ductour, and great vexation and di&s;turbance to the poore
<PB N="129" REF="70"> people, who for the mo&s;t part are innocent. The Collo|nels Harbinger hauing allotted out lodgings to euery band he mu&s;t prefer the particular di&s;tribution to the vn|der Harbingers.</P>
<P>A generall Drummer ought likewi&s;e to be created and appointed, who may take charge and care ouer all the re&s;t of the Drummers, who&s;e office and cu&s;tome among&s;t them is to con&s;erue and keepe orders, to the intent they may be obeyed, and that euery one performe his dutie appertaining to his office, as to &s;trike the batterie in mar|ching in battaile, or di&s;&s;euered, to make generall bands and cries, in the morning, in the euening at the clo&s;ing of the night, and in &s;ounding the march, the call, the charge, the battell, the retrait, with &s;uch other like ob&s;er|uations and nece&s;&s;arie things to be done.</P>
<P>He mu&s;t procure to haue part of euery munition for his regiment, out of the principall and generall munition, as cor&s;lets, pikes, halberds, hargabu&s;es with their furni|ture, match, lead, pouder, of all &s;ort of victuall, and each thing el&s;e as occa&s;ion and nece&s;&s;itie requires, which hee mu&s;t cau&s;e his Sergeant maior to di&s;tribute among&s;t his bands, that his &s;ouldiers be not exacted on the pri&s;e. The like diui&s;ion he mu&s;t cau&s;e him to make by money it &s;elfe, but neuer more then that which re&s;ts as due to them, as many very maliciou&s;ly haue accu&s;tomed to doe, making merchandi&s;e thereof to the lo&s;&s;e and ruine of their &s;oul|diers: towards whom they are bound continually to procure manife&s;t commoditie and profit. The like is to be ob&s;erued in all other things nece&s;&s;arie and comform|able to this before &s;aid, without &s;elling of furniture to them of exce&s;&s;iue pri&s;e, for nothing is more di&s;honoura|ble or more mi&s;erable, then to extort vpon &s;ouldiers.</P>
<PB N="130" REF="71">
<P>It is very requi&s;ite that hee examine the election&punc; and choi&s;e, that euery Captaine hath made of his Officers in euery band, and whether they doe thorowly po&s;&s;e&s;&s;e or approach very neere to the perfit experience they ought to doe, of whom and not otherwi&s;e he &s;hall like and al|low. Note that the&s;e aduerti&s;ements, make manife&s;t ap|parence, and &s;ets forth to the view of the world, the in|ward valour of the Conductour and Collonell: for if he neglect the&s;e ob&s;eruations, the contrarie doth ea&s;ily en|&s;ue. I iudge it a thing not out of &s;quare, but rather mo&s;t expedient that the one halfe of the Caualliers of the choi&s;e &s;quadre &s;hould be Hargabu&s;iers on hor&s;e-backe, &s;pecially when warres be made in large and open coun|tries, or el&s;e how&s;oeuer it be &s;ituate: for being men of va|lour, they may both on hor&s;backe and foote doe great &s;eruice, as often hath beene tried by manife&s;t experience in our time, &s;pecially in the late warres of <HI>Flaunders,</HI> vn|der my Collonell the Baron of <HI>Sheueran,</HI> in &s;eruice of <HI>Don Iohn</HI> of <HI>Au&s;tria,</HI> and the Prince of <HI>Parma,</HI> where I being of the number of the Gentlemen of his owne band, haue &s;eene daily excellent good &s;eruice done by them, as well by di&s;couering the enemies ambu&s;cades, as to draw them into the danger of our footemen. And likewi&s;e in the &s;peedy taking and keeping a pa&s;&s;age of im|portance, in winning aduerti&s;ements and the watch|word from the enemy, in taking Pri&s;oners, in breaking the way for free pa&s;&s;age, in clearing and beating the high|waies, and &s;couring them free from the enemie and Free|booters, in making roades, cour&s;es and incur&s;ions, in di&s;|couering the Countrey and taking view thereof like to light hor&s;emen, &s;pecially in the ab&s;ence of the Cauallery of the campe. And therefore I conclude that they &s;hall
<PB N="131" REF="71"> be found to be a knot and kinde of nece&s;&s;ary &s;ouldiers, prouided that they be practi&s;ed, and aboue all full of va|lour and a&s;piring mindes, and not to be common &s;oul|diers, taken at vnawares out of ordinary bands of foot|men, neither &s;uch as carry a dull, ba&s;e and abiect minde or di&s;po&s;ition.</P>
<P>If the Colonell had the authority to be able to keepe together a band with a Standerd or Guidon, &amp; a trumpet to them, they would doe &s;ingular good &s;eruice, which neuerthele&s;&s;e when &s;eruice on foote did call them forth, might deliuer vp their hor&s;es, lances, and hargabu&s;hes with fire-lockes vnto their &s;eruants, kept and maintained for that purpo&s;e, and enter into ranke or battaile among&s;t the re&s;t of the Caualliers &s;quadre, and &s;o &s;hould the or|dinarie and common cu&s;tome of hauing hor&s;es among&s;t priuate &s;ouldiers be auoided, &s;aue &s;uch as are permitted and granted to &s;ome Officers, as in my former di&s;cour&s;es I haue already declared. The which ob&s;eruation &s;hall bring to pa&s;&s;e that the &s;ouldiers in marching and in other enterpri&s;es &s;hall go together, and be vnited about the En&s;igne, which is a thing mo&s;t conuenient and nece&s;&s;arie, and ought greatly to be &s;hunned, for that hor&s;es by ouer|thwart trauer&s;ing are accu&s;tomed to deface the &s;quares, and breake the rankes of the footmens battailes, which truely is very odious and of great di&s;turbance and di&s;|commodity: but that which I &s;peake of this extraordina|rie band is to be vnder&s;tood and taken, when there is no ordinarie bands of hor&s;emen ioyned to a Collonells re|giment. He ought to take vigilant care that the Gentle|men of his band and Caualliers of his &s;quadre, being continually about his per&s;on doe diligently performe, that which they are appointed of him to doe by commi&s;|&s;ion
<PB N="132" REF="72"> or otherwi&s;e, and that they make faithfull and true relation to him of euery particular thing, that he may be euer fully informed of all things, and chiefly of that which doth pa&s;&s;e in the watch worthy and nece&s;&s;ary to be noted, as well by day as by night, &s;ince that by going the round, which doth appertaine principally to the&s;e Caualliers, many things of moment and importance may very well be ob&s;erued, being able to execute any of the inferiour offices, and both quickly conceiue and &s;en&s;i|bly vtter any new accident.</P>
<P>The Collonell mu&s;t mo&s;t carefully with humble cour|te&s;ie court his Captaine generall, v&s;e great re&s;pect to|wards him, obey him, and giue him faithfull coun&s;ell: and to the end he may performe this thorow well, hee mu&s;t neuer refu&s;e toile or trauell, &s;ince that to take paine about matters of like importance, is agreeable and con|uenient to honourable per&s;onages his equals, whereas ea&s;ie delicacie and curio&s;itie appertaines to women, or o|ther effeminate per&s;ons, who e&s;teeme more of belly-cheere, gallant attire and riches, then of the peerele&s;&s;e pri&s;e of valour and vertue, and that prefer a fraile body before an immortall &s;oule.</P>
<P>Some hold opinion that a Collonell hauing to allot out what number of pikes, &s;hort weapons, and &s;hot is to be in euery band, that it is farre better to haue but one &s;ort of weapons, &s;o &s;hall the Captaine euer accompany his own &s;ouldiers, whereas otherwi&s;e they being di&s;&s;euered in a &s;tand-battaile, he mu&s;t either lo&s;e the company of his &s;hot or pikes, the one of them being committed to a Se|cond, and the &s;hort weapons to a Third, which doth no|thing &s;o much encourage the Souldier, as to &s;ee his Cap|taine companion of his perils, and the contrarie no le&s;&s;e
<PB N="133" REF="72"> di&s;maieth him: but for that foughten fields chance &s;el|dome in our time, I cea&s;e to wade further therein, onely aduerti&s;ing that among&s;t the re&s;t of his &s;ouldiers, the armed pikes mu&s;t be gently v&s;ed, &s;hewing them a cheere|full and good countenance, who mu&s;t bee cho&s;en men, very hardy and valiant.</P>
<P>He mu&s;t procure that his Officers diligently performe his commi&s;&s;ions, and that faithfully they make relation of euery particular thing, that he may be enformed of all, and e&s;pecially that which happens inwards, as well in the day as in the night, for they going in circuit, as ap|pertaines vnto them, may well perceiue what chanceth of any great importance. So that by ob&s;eruing the&s;e ad|uerti&s;ements, the indu&s;trie of the Leader doth appeare, whereas not being well looked vnto great ruine doth ari&s;e.</P>
<P>To conclude, when his regiment is di&s;charged, ei|ther at the end of the warres or otherwi&s;e, hee ought to take care that he in any wi&s;e procure, that they may bee conducted wholy together, and afterwards di&s;band them in &s;uch a place, as from thence euery &s;ouldier may ea&s;ily and without feare tran&s;port him&s;elfe into his owne coun|trie, and if it be po&s;&s;ible, hauing his health, his armes, and his apparell entire: for otherwi&s;e if &s;ouldiers be di&s;|&s;euered in far countries, they &s;uffer great inconuenience, in hard and difficile pa&s;&s;ages, in victuals and lodgings, the which doth cau&s;e their de&s;truction, the di&s;credite and di&s;honour of their Conductour, and is a great blot in the fame of our nation, as tho&s;e that haue &s;eene <HI>Holland</HI> and the <HI>Low-countries</HI> can witnes: wherfore it is a thing to be reformed for the increa&s;e of our credite and old naturall valour.</P>
</DIV2>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 N="3" TYPE="book">
<PB N="134" REF="73">
<HEAD><HI>THE THIRD BOOKE OF MILITARY Directions:</HI> Contayning the exerci&s;e of Trayning or Drilling: and al&s;o the manner of arming both Pike and Musket, according to the cu&s;tome allowed in the&s;e dayes within this Realme of England, with certaine other Ob&s;eruations.</HEAD>
<DIV2 N="1" TYPE="chapter">
<HEAD><HI>CHAP. I.</HI> Fir&s;t for the arming of a Pike-man.</HEAD>
<P>_IT is nece&s;&s;arie that his cor&s;let and gor|get be fit for his body, as al&s;o that his Ta&s;&s;es and powdrels or arme-pipes be large and &s;utable, all the&s;e to be &s;trong|ly buckled and riueted, well oyled and bright, then a murren or head-peece well lined, and fringed, agreable to the &s;ame: then a &s;traight pike of a middle &s;ize, of 15 foot of length, with a &s;harpe iron pike or point at the end, of the right Spani&s;h fa&s;hion, well oyled and bright.</P>
<PB N="135" REF="73">
<P>Then that he haue a good back-&s;word with an Iri&s;h basket hilt, and hanged in a &s;trong belt.</P>
<P>Note that all Pikes of the &s;ame company ought to be of one length, otherwi&s;e if they di&s;agree, they will be vn|comely, and &s;eeme to the beholders like vnto Organ-pipes, which be of different lengths. Moreouer, they are very vnprofitable for &s;eruice, for they will greatly trouble each other, and e&s;pecially the huge and long pikes, and therefore are to be refu&s;ed. Likewi&s;e a &s;hort pike is not good in a maine &s;quare, neither in campe or battell, ex|cept it be in &s;trait and narrow places.</P>
<DIV3 TYPE="part">
<HEAD>Secondly, for the ordering and arming of a Musketeere.</HEAD>
<P>IT is conuenient that the barrell or canon of his peece be in length foure foote at the lea&s;t, cleane and &s;ound, with a &s;traight and right bore, hauing a clo&s;e &s;tocke and well ioyned thereunto, of a right Spani&s;h making: Then that the cocke of his peece be &s;wift and well oyled, bea|ring a true deliuerance to the midde&s;t of the pan, the touch-hole neither too great or too narrow, the pan clo&s;e, the eye-&s;ight true, and then hauing a &s;trong breech-peece, looke that all the&s;e in&s;truments be well &s;crued, and e&s;pecially the breech-peece: A charging rod or &s;ticke of a meete length to the barrell of the peece, the &s;ame to haue a worme or a &s;cowrer at the one end, the other end thereof tipped with a horne.</P>
<P>Then fore-&s;ee that he haue a Bandeleere with 16 or 18 chargers or mates at the lea&s;t, hanged thereunto, with &s;trong laces, with a priming charger or mate, and al&s;o a bullet bag and priming wyre: then a Re&s;t of a fit &s;ize
<PB N="136" REF="74"> and length brea&s;t or chin high, with a trayle lace fa&s;tned thereat, togither with a head-peece or murren, and &s;word in all points prouided as is afore&s;aid.</P>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 N="2" TYPE="chapter">
<HEAD><HI>CHAP. II.</HI> The Office of the Mu&s;ter-Ma&s;ter, both nece&s;&s;arie and pro|fitable, when a Prince or his Generall haue diuers Regiments of &s;euerall Nati|ons vnder pay.</HEAD>
<P>THe Mu&s;ter-Ma&s;ter al&s;o may be accounted an Officer as it were dependant on the Trea&s;urer, for that his dutie is nothing el&s;e, but by often reviewing of the bands, to &s;ee how euery Captaines band is furni&s;hed (ac|cording to my former directions for the arming both pike and musket) noting the defaults from time to time, and the &s;upplies; and thereof to make a perfect booke, exhibiting the &s;ame at the pay day to the Trea&s;urer, that allowance may be made to the Colonels and Captaines accordingly. When he fir&s;t takes the view and mu&s;ter of any band, he mu&s;t not onely write downe the name of the &s;oldier and his weapon, but al&s;o of what Country he is, the townes name where he was borne, and his fathers name, and what yeeres he is of: and finally &s;hall take &s;pe|ciall care to &s;et downe, &s;ome &s;peciall marke or cicatrice vpon his face, togither with the colour of his haire and beard: to the intent, his Prince be not charged with pay|ing of dead payes, to &s;uch as be hyred but for that day, as many Captaines v&s;e to fill their pur&s;es with vnlawfull gaines.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 N="3" TYPE="chapter">
<PB N="137" REF="74">
<HEAD><HI>CHAP. III.</HI> A Rule to &s;et Souldiers in aray.</HEAD>
<P>THe Footmen being a&s;&s;embled at the place where they are to be &s;et in aray: Fir&s;t, you mu&s;t fore&s;ee, that the ground be fit and capable for the purpo&s;e, that the aray may commodiou&s;ly turne to the right or left hand, as much as may be neuerthele&s;&s;e, according to the number of &s;oldiers you haue, you are to proceed in this &s;ort as followeth.</P>
<P>Fir&s;t, to wit that all the &s;oldiers of a band of foot|men are bound by the law of Armes, forthwith and as &s;oone as they &s;hall heare the Drum beat a Call to repaire to the Colours, vnder paine &amp;c. except that &s;icknes be the cau&s;e thereof; or that hauing a licence or forelofe they may thereby excu&s;e them&s;elues. But to returne: you are to begin in this order following: Fir&s;t, you are to draw the pikes by them&s;elues on the one &s;ide, togither with the En&s;igne: and vpon the other &s;ide all the muske|tiers, &s;omewhat aloofe di&s;tant from the pikes, beginning to make the musketiers march &s;o many in a ranke as you li&s;t, parting them neuerthele&s;&s;e according to their num|ber: you may put them from 3 to 12 in a ranke; for it is not often &s;eene that more than 11 is put in a ranke, how great &s;oeuer the number of the footmen be: neither in troth ought they to be any more than 11 in a ranke: for when they pa&s;&s;e 11 or 12 they are not to be accoun|ted an array, but rather a battaile: I haue omitted to write herein of the placing of my officers belonging to a com|pany of footmen, you &s;hall finde it plainely &s;et downe in the march, and at the beginning of the exerci&s;e of
<PB N="138" REF="75"> training: &s;o to returne, hauing then placed the number of musketiers you &s;hall thinke good of to be in a ranke, you &s;hall cau&s;e them to march in good proportion, &s;en|ding forth one ranke after an other; the Sargeant &s;tand|ing &s;till on the one &s;ide, cau&s;ing them to pa&s;&s;e before him, iudging by the eye-&s;ight from Ranke to Ranke of all the &s;oldiers, one by one, whether they be right in line, ob&s;eruing true di&s;tance: and al&s;o that they carry their Armes in warlike order; for this is the beauty of an aray. Moreouer the Sargeant hauing &s;peciall re&s;pect to accom|modate and place at the head of the array, the Gentlemen of the company, and al&s;o the Corporals which carry muskets; placing next vnto them the be&s;t men, and the be&s;t furni&s;hed &s;oldiers; and placing al&s;o at the Reare of the battell your be&s;t men, and the re&s;t of your be&s;t ar|med; to the intent the aray may &s;hew the better: fora&s;|much as when they are diuided into aray, the musketiers from the pikemen, and that they turne their faces; then the backe part or Reare is made the front: therefore the Reare ought to be as well furni&s;hed as the front, as I haue &s;aid before in the dutie of a Sargeant: the which if you de&s;ire to doe, it is nece&s;&s;arie you put in the mid&s;t of the Rankes the weake&s;t and wor&s;t furni&s;hed; aduerti&s;ing the Sargeant that the &s;oldiers are be&s;t furni&s;hed, when they haue all &s;orts of Armes and furniture that be nece&s;&s;arie for them: and there appertaines to a musketier good match, fire-cole, powder and bullet, and moreouer <HI>l'a&s;sine.</HI> And this is to be ob&s;erued with all &s;peed and diligence that the time or occa&s;ion doth carry, and the &s;u&s;pition of the enemy doth import.</P>
<DIV3 TYPE="part">
<PB N="139" REF="75">
<HEAD>Here next is demon&s;trated the di&s;tance ob&s;erued betwixt Ranke and Ranke, man and man, both in marching, and al&s;o in maine battaile.</HEAD>
<P>FIr&s;t both pikes and muskets are to be ordered into files of 10 deepe, the musketiers in marching are &s;ometimes placed in the front, &s;ometimes in the front and &s;ometimes in the Reare of the pikes, but mo&s;t com|monly being in &s;ingle aray they are to march both in the Front and Reare: In maine battell the &s;oldiers are pla|ced &s;ometimes in the right flanke, &s;ometimes in both the flankes; and &s;ometimes it will be commanded that they be brought in the Front of the battaile, and al&s;o in the Reare.</P>
<P>In exerci&s;ing the motions there are two di&s;tances to be kept.</P>
<P>The fir&s;t is when euery one is di&s;tant from his fellow 6 foote &s;quare; that is, in File and Ranke 6 foote.</P>
<P>The &s;econd is when euery &s;oldier is 3 foote di&s;tant one from another, as well in File as in Ranke: And in re&s;pect the mea&s;ure of &s;uch di&s;tances cannot alwaies be taken euenly by the racke of the eye; the di&s;tance of 6 foote betweene the files is mea&s;ured, when the &s;oldiers &s;tretching out their armes, doe touch one anothers hands: and betwixt the Rankes, when that the ends of their pikes come very neere to the hams of them that march before them: And the di&s;tance of 3 foot betwixt the Files is when their elbowes touch one another: and betwixt their Rankes when they come to touch the ends of one anothers Rapiers or &s;words. In marching in the
<PB N="140" REF="76"> field the di&s;tance of 3 foote from File to File is kept, and of 6 foote from Ranke to Ranke, when the &s;oldiers order them&s;elues in battell; and al&s;o when they march towards the enemie, the di&s;tance of 3 foote both in File and Ranke is to be ob&s;erued. And likewi&s;e in conuer|&s;ion or wheeling. The musketiers making ready to &s;hoote by rankes keepe the &s;ame di&s;tance of 3 foote, but going to skirmi&s;h they goe <HI>a la di&s;abande,</HI> that is, out of order.</P>
<P>There is al&s;o v&s;ed another order of di&s;tance; which is &s;eldome ob&s;erued but for to receiue the enemie with a firme &s;tand, and &s;erueth for the pikes onely: for the musketiers cannot &s;tand &s;o clo&s;e in files, becau&s;e they mu&s;t haue their armes at liberty, and that is, when euery di&s;tance from file to file is a foote and a halfe, and 3 foote from Ranke to Ranke: and this la&s;t di&s;tance is thus com|manded: <HI>Clo&s;e your &s;elues throughly.</HI> But it is not to be taught the &s;oldiers: for that when nece&s;&s;itie &s;hall require it, they will clo&s;e them&s;elues too much of their owne accord without command.</P>
</DIV3>
<DIV3 TYPE="part">
<HEAD>How Pikes are to be rai&s;ed vp and aba&s;ed in clo&s;ing and opening of a battaile.</HEAD>
<P>I Will not omit to put in memorie vnto them that know not of the particulars of tho&s;e things and order that are required in making a battell of footmen. There|fore tho&s;e which would make a battell of footmen, mu&s;t be aduerti&s;ed that in &s;hutting vp the &s;aid battell, the ranks of pikes as well armed as vnarmed, mu&s;t not rai&s;e vp confu&s;edly, but with order; that is, when the Sargeant maior, Captaine, or Lieutenant &s;hall &s;ay:
<Q><PB N="141" REF="76">Rai&s;e or right vp your Pikes,</Q> then it is requi&s;ite that the fir&s;t and formo&s;t Ranke mu&s;t begin to rai&s;e vp it &s;elfe: and that the &s;econd doe not moue to rai&s;e vp it &s;elfe till the fir&s;t be rai&s;ed vp: and &s;o the third and fourth: the &s;ame order is to be ob&s;erued in all the other Rankes, from one Ranke to an other.</P>
<P>The like Rule is to be ob&s;erued by them in laying downe of their pikes vpon their &s;houlders: for &s;o much as Ranke by Ranke, in order and without confu&s;ion they ought to let fall their pikes; appointing the fir&s;t Ranke to fall after the &s;econd, the third after the fourth: and &s;o is all the re&s;t of the Rankes to follow the &s;ame order, till the hindermo&s;t Ranke of all: And by ob&s;eruing that order, they cannot commit di&s;order, but rather make a gallant &s;hew, and preuent many confu&s;ions.</P>
</DIV3>
<DIV3 TYPE="part">
<HEAD>How Pikes are to be carried in aray, march, or battell, with al&s;o other nece&s;&s;arie notes.</HEAD>
<P>THo&s;e that are appointed to carry pikes in array of Rankes or battell, mu&s;t know that pikes among&s;t all other weapons that belong to &s;oldiers is of greate&s;t honor and credit: And truely who&s;oeuer doth carry and manage the &s;ame weapon well, and with good grace, doth make a very beautifull and plea&s;ant &s;hew to the beholders; and chiefly when it is caried with a good grace, as I haue &s;aid before, and with <HI>il combedo alto.</HI> And as touching the ob&s;eruation of &s;houldring of pikes, to wit, that there is a new order ob&s;erued in the Low Countries now of late; the Commanders there will haue the pikes to be carried vpon the right &s;houlder, and not to remoue or change to the left &s;houlder at all.</P>
<PB N="142" REF="77">
<P>Note al&s;o that the Pike-man doe march then with a good grace holding vp his head gallantly: his pace full of grauitie and e&s;tate, and &s;uch as is fit for his per&s;on: And let his body be &s;traight and as much vpright as is po&s;&s;ible: And that which mo&s;t imports is that they haue alwaies their eyes vpon their companions which are in ranke with them; and before them: going iu&s;t one with the other: and keeping perfit di&s;tance without commit|ting error in the lea&s;t pace or &s;tep: and euery pace and motion with one accord and con&s;ent; they ought to make at one in&s;tant time: And in this &s;ort all the rankes intirely are to march &s;ometimes &s;oftly &s;ometimes fa&s;t according to the &s;trokes of the drumme: the heele and the tippe of their pikes would be equally holden: both of length and height as neere as is po&s;&s;ible: to auoid that they fall not out to be &s;eeme by bearing them otherwi&s;e like vnto Organ-pipes &s;ome long &s;ome &s;hort. The mea|&s;ure and propertie thereof: to hold the heele of the pike is this; it is nece&s;&s;arie for him to haue an eie to the ranke that doth march before him: and &s;o carrie the Butt-end or heele of his pike that it may be iu&s;t ouer again&s;t the ioynt of the hamme of the &s;ouldier that in march &s;hall be &s;traight before him: And &s;o euery one from hand to hand mu&s;t ob&s;erue the proportion of that height: And that is, right behind vpon the ioynt of the knee: for by doing &s;o they cannot commit errour; carying in their march that legge that is vnder that arme that &s;u&s;taines and caries the Pike of iu&s;t and euen proportion: by mou|ing their pace right-vnder the &s;taffe of the pike: going in their march as I haue &s;aid before: iu&s;t and euen with a &s;tately and &s;umptuous pace, for by doing &s;o they &s;hall be e&s;teemed, honoured and commended of all the Lookers
<PB N="143" REF="77"> on, and they will take wonderfull delight to behold them march in that order: And whereas I haue &s;aid before that the Souldiers &s;hould march forward with one con&s;ent: I meane not onely that the Pike men ought to ob&s;erue that order: but al&s;o that the musketeares are to follow the &s;ame rule of order: becau&s;e that the whole company mu&s;t be ready to march forward at one in&s;tant time ob|&s;eruing the true &s;trokes or battery of the drumme, which actiue ob&s;eruation may well be compared to a Dancer; for the one by hearing his mu&s;icke is prepared to tread the mea&s;ure an&s;werable to the time: And the other by hearing the warlike and comfortable &s;troke of the drum: is ready to aduance his pace and march forward.</P>
<P>The Officer is to pace towards his people, &s;o to giue the word, and &s;o to lead march, and al&s;o ob&s;eruing the &s;trokes of the drum, the fir&s;t ranke being the file leaders it to follow their Leader: The &s;econd ranke euery one to follow his pile-leader al&s;o: The third, fourth and fift rankes; and &s;o the re&s;t with one con&s;ent.</P>
<P>I hold it therefore both conuenient and needfull for all men that follow the warres, to learne all the warlike &s;ounds that the Drummer beates, as the call, the march, to draw vp maine-battell, the charge, the retire, to troupe, to wheele about which is al&s;o a charge, then and la&s;tly the diana. And whereas euery nation doe differ the one from the other in the batterie of their drummes, and chiefly in the &s;ound of their march euery nation or Pro|uince doe al&s;o differ in the marke of their colours, for that they beare in their colours the proper Armes or Scutchi|on of the Nation vnder which they doe &s;erue. But to returne, let a &s;ouldier be diligent to learne, as I &s;aid be|fore, the &s;trokes of the drumme: And chiefly to vnder|&s;tand
<PB N="144" REF="78"> the v&s;uall &s;trokes of march which the drumme beat in the regiment wherein he beareth armes: he mu&s;t al&s;o take notice of the markes that are vpon the colours; e&s;pecially of the En&s;igne which hee &s;erueth vnder, the knowledge whereof may &s;erue his turne &s;o well that it may &s;aue his life, for by night being in fight with the ene|mie, and being al&s;o ignorant of the &s;ound of drumme, he may a&s;well fall into the hands of his enemies as other|wi&s;e, which may co&s;t him his life: Then as touching his En&s;igne the &s;ouldier being &s;cattered from his company in marching, or otherwi&s;e in fight, and if it be by day|light he may perceiue his owne colours farre off. To wit, that both drummes and fifes were fir&s;t inuented by the <HI>Switzers,</HI> wherewith they will euen liue and die in all manner of fight. The <HI>Almaines</HI> al&s;o inuented a pipe which is called by them <HI>Schalmeyen.</HI> Some nations when they doe fight a pitched field by rea&s;on of the tumult, and rumour that will grow among&s;t the &s;ouldiers, they haue trumpets to giue the charge, which yeeldeth great comfort to the &s;ouldiers in regard that they heare the eccho and &s;ound of the trumpets &s;o plaine, that in all di&s;tre&s;&s;e they doe not onely keep together, but al&s;o know their charge. Therefore in forraine Countries the foot|men are as well acquainted in all points of warre which the &s;aid trumpets doe v&s;e to &s;ound that they know their charge euen as well as hor&s;emen doe. But to returne to the matter afore&s;aid: the <HI>Turke</HI> when he doth either ex|pect the charge giuen him by his enemies, or when he will giue a charge &amp;c. it will bee commanded that a Drummer &s;hall ride from ranke to ranke to giue the &s;oul|diers notice by a &s;oft &s;ound: And as touching marching, it is to be vnder&s;tood that &s;ome kinde of march is a right
<PB N="145" REF="78"> induction; other &s;ome a deduction on the right or left hand; and that in &s;ingle, double, treble, or quadruple &s;ided battell: in a &s;ingle when one enemie is feared; in a double when two; in a treble when three; and in a qua|druble when the enemie purpo&s;eth to inuade on all &s;ides: Therefore the march is vndertaken &s;ometimes in a &s;ingle challenge, and &s;ometimes in a twofold challenge, or el&s;e in a threefold challenge, or in a fourefold challenge. The &s;ouldiers, both Pikemen and Musketeares are to be diuided into companies, and euery company is to con&s;i&s;t halfe of pikes, and halfe of musketeares.</P>
<P>The companies happen and fall out &s;ometimes to be more in number, and &s;ometimes le&s;&s;e; &s;ome extend to 100. men, &s;ome 200. &s;ome 300. &s;ome 400. and &s;o forth till 800 men or more. Euery company ought to haue the&s;e Officers following: a Captaine, a Lieutenant, an En&s;igne, two Sergeants, three Corporalls, two Drums; but by the opinion of many worthy &s;ouldiers, euery hundreth men ought to haue a Drumme; the rea&s;on whereof I omit to &s;peake thereof in this place, and re|turne to the matter: it will be needfull for a Captaine to haue in his company for nece&s;&s;arie v&s;es a Clarke, a Sur|geon, and a Prouo&s;t. Companies are drawne into Regi|ments, and the Regiments are euer to be commanded by Coronells: Regiments doe &s;ometimes likewi&s;e differ in the number of companies, &s;ome con&s;i&s;t of 6. &s;ome of 7. &s;ome of 8. or 10. &s;ome 15. &amp;c. In the ordering, and managing of euery regiment is to be required a Co|ronell &amp;c.</P>
</DIV3>
<DIV3 TYPE="part">
<PB REF="79">
<PB N="147" REF="79">
<HEAD>Certaine words to be v&s;ed of the Officers that traine.</HEAD>
<P>WHen any Officer determines to exerci&s;e his com|panie to traine, or drill them, hee mu&s;t ca&s;t them into a ring, the double or &s;ingle bi&s;&s;a, the Romane <HI>S</HI> or &s;uch like nece&s;&s;arie forme, and v&s;e the&s;e or the like words as heare followeth: My louing friends, fellowes, and companions in armes, we be gathered together for the &s;eruice of God, his holy Church, our Prince and Coun|trey; and for that none through ignorance &s;hall peri&s;h or runne in danger of the Lawes of the Field, you &s;hall from time to time, by me or other Officers of the Band be in&s;tructed by words or deedes in &s;uch &s;ort, and points, as to your calling and the nece&s;&s;itie of &s;eruice &s;hall re|quire, the which you mu&s;t diligently ob&s;erue, and fol|low, though the &s;ame &s;hall &s;eeme vnto you many times, both dangerous and painefull: al&s;o if any of you, my fel|lowes &s;hall finde an occa&s;ion conuenient to declare to me, or any other Officer, his minde and opinion in any thing beneficiall touching &s;eruice, wee &s;hall diligently heare, and gratifie the party the double value thereof; and God willing Equitie and Iu&s;tice &s;hall bee mini&s;tred; al&s;o regard that all Souldiers know, and obey their Offi|cers in their place, according to their calling.</P>
<PB N="148" REF="80">
<P>The fir&s;t thing of moment in the motion of a Company is how they &s;hould orderly march, and how their Offi|cers &s;hould be rightly placed, the which I haue demon|&s;trated in the figure on the other &s;ide, according as it is practi&s;ed in the <HI>Low-countries,</HI> the &s;choole of warre: Fir&s;t the Captaine, marcheth in the Front, and leades the com|pany, who&s;e place is marked with C: which is &s;ix foote di&s;tant before the fir&s;t diui&s;ion of muketeares. The Lieu|tenant is to march in the Reare of the &s;econd diui&s;ion of Musketeares, marked with L: &s;ix foot di&s;tant behind the &s;ame. The En&s;igne is to march with the colours &s;ix foot behind the fir&s;t diui&s;ion of Musketeares, and &s;ix foot be|fore the fir&s;t diui&s;ion of pikes, marked with the letter E. The elde&s;t Sergeant is to march &s;ix foot behind the fir&s;t diui&s;ion of pikes, and &s;ix foot before the &s;econd diui&s;ion of pikes, marked with S. 1. The &s;econd Sergeant is to march &s;ix foote behind the &s;econd diui&s;ion of pikes, and &s;ix foot before the &s;econd diui&s;ion of musketeares, mar|ked with S. 2. the drummes beate betweene the third and fourth rankes, marked with D: The chiefe&s;t beates in the fir&s;t diui&s;ion of pikes; The &s;econd in the fir&s;t diui&s;ion of musketeares; And the third drumme beates in the &s;e|cond diui&s;ion of musketeares: The pikes and muskets march &s;ix foot in file, and three in ranke, euery diui&s;ion con&s;i&s;ts of ten rankes and fiue files, all which is made plaine in the next figure following.</P>
<DIV4 TYPE="section">
<PB REF="80">
<HEAD>The order how a Companie &s;hould march.</HEAD>
<P><FIGURE>
<P>Leaders.</P>
<P>Fir&s;t diui&s;ion of Musketieres.</P>
<P>Bringers vp.</P>
<P>Leaders.</P>
<P>Fir&s;t diui&s;ion of Pikes.</P>
<P>Bringers vp.</P>
<P>Leaders.</P>
<P>Second diui&s;ion of Pikes.</P>
<P>Bringers vp.</P>
<P>Leaders.</P>
<P>Second diui&s;ion of Muskets.</P>
<P>Bringers vp.</P>
</FIGURE></P>
<PB REF="81">
<P>AFter that the company hath marched in &s;uch order as afore&s;aid in the former figure, then the fir&s;t diui&s;io~ of &s;hot (when they are come to the place where they &s;hould exerci&s;e, traine, or drill) makes a &s;tand; and the fir&s;t di|ui&s;ion of the pikes marcheth vp to the front with them, on the left hand: Then the &s;econd diui&s;ion of the pikes marcheth vp to the front with the fir&s;t diui&s;ion of pikes, on the left hand of them al&s;o: la&s;tly, the &s;econd diui&s;i|on of musketiers marcheth vp on the left hand of the &s;econd diui&s;ion of pikes: which done they are comman|ded to <HI>&s;tand right in their files,</HI> and <HI>right in their rankes, at</HI> 6 <HI>foote di&s;tance,</HI> and commanded, <HI>&s;ilence,</HI> that euery one may heare the words of command, and be ready to execute the &s;ame. The figure on the other &s;ide <HI>pag.</HI> 149 &s;heweth the forme and &s;tation of the company, all things performed as afore&s;aid: note the di&s;tance is reckoned from the middle part of a man.</P>
<PB N="149" REF="81">
<P><FIGURE>
<P>Front</P>
<P>left flanke</P>
<P><GAP DESC="illegible" EXTENT="1 span"></P>
<P>Reare</P>
</FIGURE></P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 TYPE="section">
<PB N="150" REF="82">
<HEAD>To the right hand.</HEAD>
<P>The Company &s;tanding right in their files and rankes, at &s;ix foote di&s;tance (as in the figure before) vnto which the Captaine hath an eye in the front, and the Lieutenant in the Reare, and the Sargeants in the flanks; the Sarge|ants hauing an eare to the Captaine are ready to informe the company what he commands: then the Captaine commands them to <HI>turne to the right hand;</HI> and then they moue all togither, keeping their left foote fixed, and mouing with the right foote onely; and hauing per|formed it; the front is where the right hand flanke was; as in the figure pag. 151 is plainely demon&s;trated.</P>
<P>Note that in or at their facing to any quarter, the pikes are (to auoide wearine&s;&s;e) ordered; and the muskets &s;houldred for ea&s;e and fitne&s;&s;e. The rea&s;on of this mo|tion is to make the company perfect to be &s;odainely pre|pared for a charge in the right hand, flanke or wing.</P>
<PB N="151" REF="82">
<P><FIGURE>
</FIGURE></P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 TYPE="section">
<PB N="152" REF="83">
<HEAD>As you were.</HEAD>
<P>HAuing &s;tood a while according to the forme in the former figure, the Captaine commands, <HI>As you were,</HI> and then they moue all towards the left hand, till their faces are turned to the fir&s;t Front, according to the demon&s;tration, pag. 153.</P>
<PB N="153" REF="83">
<P><FIGURE>
</FIGURE></P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 TYPE="section">
<PB N="154" REF="84">
<HEAD>To the left hand.</HEAD>
<P>BEcau&s;e the enemie may &s;ometimes charge on the left hand flanke, therfore that you may &s;odainely be ready to defend your &s;elues, and for diuers other rea&s;ons this motion is v&s;ed, to <HI>turne to the left hand,</HI> which is done by mouing the right foot, the left foot &s;tanding &s;till till your faces front towards the left hand flanke, according to the demon&s;tration, pag. 155.</P>
<PB N="155" REF="84">
<P><FIGURE>
</FIGURE></P>
<PB N="154" REF="85">
<GAP DESC="duplicate" EXTENT="1 page">
<PB N="155" REF="85">
<GAP DESC="duplicate" EXTENT="1 page">
</DIV4>
<DIV4 TYPE="section">
<PB N="156" REF="86">
<HEAD>As you were.</HEAD>
<P>THen hauing performed the afore&s;aid motion, the Captaine Commands; <HI>As you were:</HI> and then they moue all towards the right hand, till they are turned to the fir&s;t Front, according to the demon&s;tration <HI>pag.</HI> 157.</P>
<PB N="157" REF="86">
<P><FIGURE>
</FIGURE></P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 TYPE="section">
<PB N="156" REF="87">
<HEAD>To the right hand about.</HEAD>
<P>BEcau&s;e there may be a charge giuen in the Reare, therefore is this Motion to be practi&s;ed, to turne to|wards the right hand (the left foote remaining fixed) till your faces front to that Quarter which was before the Reare; and then will they be ready to receiue the Ene|mie and defend them&s;elues: this forme is demon&s;trated in the next &s;ide, marked with the number of 159.</P>
<PB N="157" REF="87">
<P><FIGURE>
</FIGURE></P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 TYPE="section">
<PB N="160" REF="88">
<HEAD>To the left hand as you were.</HEAD>
<P>HAuing performed the former Motion, the Cap|taine commands them, <HI>To the left hand as you were;</HI> and then they moue all towards the left hand, the left foot remaining fixed, vntill their faces are turned to the former front: according to that of <HI>pag.</HI> 161.</P>
<PB N="161" REF="88">
<P><FIGURE>
</FIGURE></P>
<PB N="160" REF="89">
<GAP DESC="duplicate" EXTENT="1 page">
<PB N="161" REF="89">
<GAP DESC="duplicate" EXTENT="1 page">
</DIV4>
<DIV4 TYPE="section">
<PB N="162" REF="90">
<HEAD>To the left hand about.</HEAD>
<P>BEcau&s;e it is &s;ometimes more conuenient to turne to the left hand, then to the right, therefore this Motion is al&s;o v&s;ed; which is to turne towards the left hand, till their faces front to the Reare: according to the figure in the <HI>pag.</HI> 163.</P>
<PB N="163" REF="90">
<P><FIGURE>
</FIGURE></P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 TYPE="section">
<PB N="164" REF="91">
<HEAD>To the right hand as you were.</HEAD>
<P>HAuing performed the former Motion, the Cap|taine co~mands them, <HI>To the right hand as you were;</HI> and then they turne all towards the right hand, vntill their faces are towards the fir&s;t Front, as in the figure <HI>pag.</HI> 165.</P>
<PB N="165" REF="91">
<P><FIGURE>
</FIGURE></P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 TYPE="section">
<PB N="166" REF="92">
<HEAD>To the right hand double your Ranckes.</HEAD>
<P>BEcau&s;e there will be an occa&s;ion &s;ometimes to &s;tren|gthen the Front; it may one way be done thus: when all in the &s;econd Rancke march vp into the fir&s;t Rancke, to the right or left hand, according to the command (as here to the right hand) and all in the fourth Rancke march vp into the third, and &s;o of the re&s;t, as in the Ex|ample or Figure, pag. 167. Where you may perceiue by the letters marked with a Starre, that the motion is to the right hand: and the Starres in the &s;econd, fourth, &s;ixt, eighth, and tenth Ranckes &s;hew the places from whence they moued: and the figures in the le&s;t flank demon&s;tra|ting the number of your Ranckes which did moue, being ten Ranckes, as you may perceiue thereby.</P>
<PB N="167" REF="92">
<P><FIGURE>
</FIGURE></P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 TYPE="section">
<PB N="168" REF="93">
<HEAD>Ranckes as you were.</HEAD>
<P>HAuing performed the former motion, the Captaine commands, <HI>Ranckes as you were;</HI> and then euery one marcheth into his owne place, all at one in&s;tant, and &s;o are againe like the forme in the figure, pag. 169.</P>
<PB N="169" REF="93">
<P><FIGURE>
</FIGURE></P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 TYPE="section">
<PB N="170" REF="94">
<HEAD>To the left hand double your Ranckes.</HEAD>
<P>THis Motion differeth nothing in effect from that pag. 167. but that there tho&s;e that doubled, did it to the right hand of their Leaders, and here they do it to the left hand: which is plaine by the Starres in the Figure, pag. 171.</P>
<PB N="171" REF="94">
<P><FIGURE>
</FIGURE></P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 TYPE="section">
<PB N="172" REF="95">
<HEAD>Ranckes as you were.</HEAD>
<P>THe former motion performed, the Captaine com|mands, <HI>Ranckes as you were;</HI> and then euery one that doubled, marcheth into his owne place or Rancke, and &s;o are in forme againe, according to the figure, pag. 173.</P>
<PB N="173" REF="95">
<P><FIGURE>
</FIGURE></P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 TYPE="section">
<PB N="174" REF="96">
<P>BEcau&s;e that there was an odde file of musketeares, in either flanke and wing of my former figures, and be|ing de&s;irous to make the double files perfit without in|termixing the pikes with the &s;hot, I was forced there|fore to change the forme of the Company, and to place all the Musketeares in the Right hand flanke of the Pikes, according to the demon&s;tration in the other &s;ide marked with the number of 175.</P>
<P>Note then to alter the forme of the former &s;tation, and to bring the Company into the forme, &s;et downe in the other &s;ide, (as I &s;aid before) you are to doe as followeth. Fir&s;t you are to lead forth the Right wing of &s;hot, then the fir&s;t diui&s;ion of Pikes, which be in the right hand flanke of the &s;econd diui&s;ion of pikes, and march with them to &s;tand iu&s;t again&s;t the fir&s;t diui&s;ion of musketeares, on the left hand of them, leauing a &s;pace to place the &s;e|cond diui&s;ion of &s;hot betweene them both; then you are to march vp with the &s;econd diui&s;ion of Pikes to &s;tand on the left hand of the fir&s;t diui&s;ion of Pikes: La&s;tly, the &s;econd diui&s;ion of Musketeares, marcheth vp to &s;tand on the left hand of the fir&s;t diui&s;ion of Musketeares, which will be on the right hand of the fir&s;t diui&s;ion of Pikes: which done, they are commanded to &s;tand right in their Files, and right in their Rankes, at &s;ix foot di&s;tance, and commanded &s;ilence, that &s;o euery one may heare the words of Command, and to be ready to execute the &s;ame. &amp;c.</P>
<PB N="175" REF="96">
<P><FIGURE>
<P>Front.</P>
<P>Reare.</P>
</FIGURE></P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 TYPE="section">
<PB N="176" REF="97">
<HEAD>To the right hand double your files.</HEAD>
<P>BEcau&s;e there may be occa&s;ion of &s;trengthning the Flankes, as al&s;o for other purpo&s;es, the&s;e words of Command are v&s;ed, <HI>To the right hand double your Files;</HI> which is thus performed: All the &s;econd file, from the right hand, march euery one behinde his &s;ide-man, into the fir&s;t (or right hand) File, and &s;o the fourth File into the third, and the &s;ixt into the fift, &amp;c. which is done of all at one in&s;tant after the command is giuen. The order whereof is plainely demon&s;trated in the Figure marked with 177. In which you may perceiue by the Starres, from, and to what place each man marcheth. The Stars are onely &s;et downe in the fir&s;t and &s;econd Files, but you are to vnder&s;tand the &s;ame order in the third and fourth Files, and &s;o of all the re&s;t. &amp;c.</P>
<PB N="177" REF="97">
<P><FIGURE>
</FIGURE></P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 TYPE="section">
<PB N="178" REF="98">
<HEAD>Files as you were.</HEAD>
<P>HAuing performed the former Motion, the Cap|taine commands them, <HI>Files as you were;</HI> and then all tho&s;e which doubled, returne vnto their owne proper places: the which is plainely demon&s;trated in the Figure marked with 179. by the Starres in the fir&s;t and &s;econd Files, the which order you mu&s;t conceiue in the third and fourth, fift and &s;ixt, &amp;c.</P>
<PB N="179" REF="98">
<P><FIGURE>
</FIGURE></P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 TYPE="section">
<PB N="180" REF="99">
<HEAD>To the left hand double your files.</HEAD>
<P>THis Motion differeth little from that marked with 177. but that here the Motion is to the left hand, as there it was to the right hand: &s;o that tho&s;e Files which moued then, &s;tand &s;till now; and tho&s;e which &s;tood &s;till then, moue now: all which is &s;o plainly demon&s;trated by the Starres in the figure marked with 181. that it needs no further explanation.</P>
<PB N="181" REF="99">
<P><FIGURE>
</FIGURE></P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 TYPE="section">
<PB N="182" REF="100">
<HEAD>Files as you were.</HEAD>
<P>THe former Motion orderly performed, the Captaine commands, <HI>Files as you were;</HI> and then tho&s;e which doubled, returne into their proper places: according as you may plainely vnder&s;tand by the figure pag 183. in which the Starres demon&s;trate both from what place they come, and whither they march.</P>
<PB N="183" REF="100">
<P><FIGURE>
</FIGURE></P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 TYPE="section">
<PB N="184" REF="101">
<P>HAuing performed the doubling of Files in all points and orders demon&s;trated in my figures before this, which was done with the &s;hot in the right hand flanke of the pikes: hereafter followeth the exerci&s;e in the very &s;ame forme and &s;tation of the Company where with I began the exerci&s;e of training: the which Mus|ketiers are diuided and placed in both the flankes of the pikes, according to the figure in the next &s;ide, pag. 185.</P>
<PB N="185" REF="101">
<P><FIGURE>
</FIGURE></P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 TYPE="section">
<PB N="186" REF="102">
<HEAD>Halfe Files to the right hand double your Ranckes.</HEAD>
<P>IN the figure, <HI>pag.</HI> 166. was &s;hewed one way how that vpon occa&s;ion the Front might be &s;trengthned: here is another forme of &s;trengthning the &s;ame; which requi|reth two demon&s;trations or Figures for explanation. In the fir&s;t marked with D. is &s;hewed the manner of acting this Motion; and in the &s;econd marked with E. is de|mon&s;trated the action performed: wherein you may per|ceiue how the &s;ixt Rancke, or as &s;ome improperly call them, <HI>middle men,</HI> doubleth the fir&s;t Rancke, the &s;euenth the &s;econd Rancke, the eight the third Rancke, the ninth the fourth Rancke, and the tenth the fift Rancke. Note that in performing this motion, the halfe files of Pikes that doubled, aduance their Pikes till they haue doubled, and then order them.</P>
<PB N="187" REF="102">
<P><FIGURE>
<HEAD>D</HEAD>
</FIGURE>
<FIGURE>
<HEAD>E</HEAD>
</FIGURE></P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 TYPE="section">
<PB N="188" REF="103">
<HEAD>Halfe Files as you were.</HEAD>
<P>WHen they haue performed the former Motion, according to the direction, the Captaine com|mands, <HI>Halfe Files as you were;</HI> and then the halfe Files aduance their Pikes, and fall backe with their right legge, and &s;o march into their proper places: and then they are againe ten deepe at &s;ix foote di&s;tance; according to the demon&s;tration pag. 189. Note that in turning into their places, euery one ought to turne to the right hand, which is both ea&s;ier, and more plea&s;ing to the eye, then turning to the left hand.</P>
<PB N="189" REF="103">
<P><FIGURE>
</FIGURE></P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 TYPE="section">
<PB N="190" REF="104">
<HEAD>Halfe Files to the left hand double your Ranckes.</HEAD>
<P>THis Motion differeth nothing in effect from that before demon&s;trated in the 187. Figure: the difference onely is, that here the halfe Files which moue, march vp to the left hand of the halfe Files that &s;tand, whereas according to tho&s;e Figures they marched vp to the right hand of them. The Figures marked <HI>pag.</HI> 191. make this very plaine.</P>
<PB N="191" REF="104">
<P><FIGURE>
</FIGURE></P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 TYPE="section">
<PB N="192" REF="105">
<HEAD>Halfe Files as you were.</HEAD>
<P>HAuing performed the former Motion, the Cap|taine commands, <HI>Halfe Files as you were;</HI> and then the Halfe Files which doubled, aduance their Pikes, and fall backe with their right leg, to be cleare, of their Side|men, and &s;o march into their proper places, turning into the &s;ame towards the left hand: which done, they will be in the forme marked with 193.</P>
<PB N="193" REF="105">
<P><FIGURE>
</FIGURE></P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 TYPE="section">
<PB N="194" REF="106">
<HEAD>Files to the Right hand Counter|march.</HEAD>
<P>WHen a charge is expected in the Reare, and it be|ing thought conuenient, to haue the Leaders of files to be in the places of the bringers vp, becau&s;e they are men be&s;t able to receiue the enemie, it may be per|formed in this manner: The Captaine commands, <HI>Files to the right hand Counter-march,</HI> and then the Leaders of Files aduancing with their right legge, turne to the right hand, and march downe towards the Reare, all the body of the company mouing together; and &s;o the &s;econd rancke, turning as the Front or Leaders of the files did, when they haue marched vp to the place where the front was; and &s;o doth the third, fourth, and fift rankes, &amp;c. The manner whereof is plainely demon&s;trated in the fi|gure marked with B. and the figure marked with C. &s;heweth the motion performed.</P>
<PB N="195" REF="106">
<P><FIGURE>
<HEAD>B</HEAD>
</FIGURE>
<FIGURE>
<HEAD>C</HEAD>
</FIGURE></P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 TYPE="section">
<PB N="196" REF="107">
<HEAD>Files to the left hand Counter-march.</HEAD>
<P>THis Motion differeth nothing in v&s;e from the for|mer; the difference of acting it is onely, that there they aduance with the right legge, and turne to the right hand: and here they aduance with the left legge and turne to the left hand: The manner of doing this is de|mon&s;trated in the next page marked with G. And the thing done in that marked with H. And therefore needs no further explanation.</P>
<PB N="197" REF="107">
<P><FIGURE>
<HEAD>G</HEAD>
</FIGURE>
<FIGURE>
<HEAD>H</HEAD>
</FIGURE></P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 TYPE="section">
<PB N="198" REF="108">
<LIST>
<HEAD>The Po&s;tures of the Pike.</HEAD>
<ITEM>HAndle your Pike.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Aduance your Pike.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Shoulder your Pike.</ITEM>
<ITEM>To the right hand charge.</ITEM>
<ITEM>As you were.</ITEM>
<ITEM>To the left hand charge.</ITEM>
<ITEM>As you were.</ITEM>
<ITEM>To the Front charge.</ITEM>
<ITEM>As you were.</ITEM>
<ITEM>To the Reare charge.</ITEM>
<ITEM>As you were.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Aduance your Pike.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Porte your Pike.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Comport your Pike.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Traile your Pike.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Cheeke your Pike.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Aduance your Pike.</ITEM>
<ITEM>To your funerall po&s;ture traile your Pike.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Recouer your Pike.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Order your Pike.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Your open order at foote.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Your clo&s;e order at foote.</ITEM>
<ITEM>To the Front charge.</ITEM>
<ITEM>To the right hand charge.</ITEM>
<ITEM>To the right hand charge.</ITEM>
<ITEM>To the right hand charge.</ITEM>
<ITEM>To the right hand charge.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Order your Pike.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Aduance your Pike.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Lay downe your Pike.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Take vp your Pike.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Shoulder your Pike.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Slope your Pike.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Leuell your Pike.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Traile your Pike.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Recouer your Pike.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Charge your Pike, and aduance your ground.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Retreat charging.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Aduance your Pike.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Lay downe your Pike.</ITEM>
</LIST>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 TYPE="section">
<PB N="199" REF="108">
<LIST>
<HEAD>The Po&s;tures of the Musket.</HEAD>
<ITEM>HAndle your Musket.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Lay downe your Musket.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Lay downe your bandeleers.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Hold your Re&s;t in your left hand.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Take vp your bandeleers with your right hand.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Put on your bandeleers.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Take vp your Musket.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Bring your Re&s;t to your Musket.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Open your pann.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Prime your pann.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Shut your pann.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Ca&s;t off your loo&s;e powder.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Beare ouer your Musket into your left hand.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Traile your Re&s;t.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Charge your Musket.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Draw forth your skowring &s;tick.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Short your &s;cowring flick again&s;t your right &s;ide.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Ram downe your powder.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Draw forth your skowring &s;tick.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Short your skowring &s;ticke.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Returne your skowring &s;ticke.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Bring forward your Musket into your right hand.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Recouer your Re&s;t.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Poy&s;e your Musket.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Bring your Re&s;t to the right &s;ide of your Musket.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Beare your Re&s;t and Musket in your left hand.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Draw your match.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Blow your match.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Cock your match.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Try your match.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Guard your pann.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Blow your match.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Pre&s;ent to the Front.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Giue fire.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Take downe your Musket.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Vncock your match.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Returne your match.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Blow your pann.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Prime your pann.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Shut your pann.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Shoulder your Musket carrying your Re&s;t in your left hand.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Slope your Musket.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Vn&s;houlder your Musket.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Re&s;t your Musket.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Stand to your &s;aluting Po&s;ture.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Lay downe your Musket.</ITEM>
</LIST>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 TYPE="section">
<PB N="200" REF="109">
<HEAD>The first order of exerci&s;ing Musketiers.</HEAD>
<P>FIr&s;t vnder&s;tand that they are three foote in File and three foote in Rancke, hauing a diui&s;ion in the mid|de&s;t of &s;ix foote; then the Captaine bids the two fir&s;t Ranckes, <HI>Make ready,</HI> and marcheth with them &s;ome fiue or &s;ix paces before the re&s;t of the Company, and bids the fir&s;t Rancke <HI>Giue fire;</HI> which it doth, and then marcheth away, turning to the right hand, the one halfe marching by the right hand Flancke, and the other halfe through the midde&s;t of the body, and &s;o fall euery one into his owne File in the Reare: and then the Captaine com|mands the &s;econd Rancke to <HI>giue fire,</HI> which performes all as afore&s;aid; and then two Ranckes more aduance in the former order, and &s;o they may continue di&s;charging with ten Ranckes a long time. The Demon&s;tration <HI>pag.</HI> 201. makes this very plaine, to which I refer you for &s;pe|culation. This order is of great v&s;e to winne ground vp|on an enemie.</P>
<PB N="201" REF="109">
<P><FIGURE>
</FIGURE></P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 TYPE="section">
<PB N="202" REF="110">
<HEAD>The &s;econd Order of Exerci&s;ing Musketiers.</HEAD>
<P>IN the former Demon&s;tration was &s;hewed an Order of winning ground vpon an enemy; in this the con|trary of loo&s;ing ground, or retraiting is &s;hewed, and yet to offend the enemy. The di&s;tances and diui&s;ion being ob&s;erued as in the former Figure, the Captaine in the Reare commands, <HI>To the right hand about and giue fire;</HI> and then the Rancke in the Reare performes the &s;ame, and pre&s;ently after they march into the Front, euery man into his owne File; the one halfe march on the left hand File, and the other halfe through the midde&s;t of the bo|dy. Then the Captaine commands againe, <HI>To the right hand about, and giue fire;</HI> which the Rancke then in the Reare performes, as afore&s;aid, and &s;o forth infinitely: all which in the Demon&s;tration <HI>pag.</HI> 203. is made plaine and ea&s;ie.</P>
<PB N="203" REF="110">
<P><FIGURE>
</FIGURE></P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 TYPE="section">
<PB N="204" REF="111">
<HEAD>The thrid Order of exerci&s;ing Musketiers.</HEAD>
<P>THe whole Company being three foote di&s;tant in Files and Ranckes (without any diui&s;ion as afore|&s;aid) the Captaine marching in the Front, commands, <HI>Right Flanck to the right hand &amp; giue fire;</HI> &amp; then the right hand File turneth towards the right hand, and performes the &s;ame, and the re&s;t of the body continues marching till they be cleare of that File which gaue fire: and then the Captaine commands againe as before; which the then right File performes, the re&s;t of the body marching: and &s;o in like manner, till all the Files haue di&s;charged. The order hereof is demon&s;trated <HI>pag.</HI> 205. If there be oc|ca&s;ion to di&s;charge on the left hand Flancke, the &s;ame or|der is to be ob&s;erued as on the right hand Flancke. Note that when the &s;econd File hath di&s;charged, that then the fir&s;t File marcheth vp to Front with it: and both tho&s;e with the third File when it hath di&s;charged, and &s;o forth till all front with the la&s;t File: and then they are ready to di&s;charge againe, if occa&s;ion require.</P>
<PB N="205" REF="111">
<P><FIGURE>
</FIGURE></P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 TYPE="section">
<PB N="206" REF="112">
<HEAD>The fourth Order of Exerci&s;ing Muskettieres.</HEAD>
<P>THis fourth way in v&s;e, is all one with the third order; the difference is onely in the manner of performing the &s;ame; for according to this order the depth of the Company is diuided by making the fift and &s;ixt Ranckes &s;ixe foote di&s;tance each from other. The Captaine mar|ching in the Front, commands, <HI>Right Flancke to the right hand and giue fire,</HI> which the right File doth; and then halfe thereof march through the Diui&s;ion, and the other halfe in the Reare, and &s;o march on the left hand of the left hand Flancke, euery man into his owne Rancke: the order whereof is plainly demon&s;trated in the Figure marked <HI>pag.</HI> 207.</P>
<PB N="207" REF="112">
<P><FIGURE>
</FIGURE></P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 TYPE="section">
<PB N="208" REF="113">
<HEAD>The fift Order of Exerci&s;ing Muskettieres.</HEAD>
<P>THis Order is another kinde of loo&s;ing ground; the Captaine in the Front commands, <HI>Make ready alto|gether,</HI> and then &s;aith to the fir&s;t Rancke, <HI>giue fire:</HI> which done, the one halfe of that Rancke marcheth downe into the Reare, on the right hand of the right hand Flancke, and the other halfe through the mid&s;t of the body (which for that end is diuided) euery man falling into his owne File. Then the Captaine &s;aith likewi&s;e to the &s;econd Rancke, <HI>Giue fire,</HI> which it doth, and fals into the Reare, as the fir&s;t did, and &s;o the third, fourth, fift, &amp;c. The manner whereof is demon&s;trated in the Figure marked with 209. Note that here the whole body &s;tands &s;till, and are onely in motion by particular Ranckes, when they haue di&s;charged, till they come againe into their proper Files in the Reare, and then &s;tand &s;till againe, till they haue redi&s;charged.</P>
<PB N="209" REF="113">
<P><FIGURE>
</FIGURE></P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 TYPE="section">
<PB N="210" REF="114">
<HEAD>Clo&s;e your Files both waies at a foote and halfe.</HEAD>
<P>IF a charge of Hor&s;e be expected, then the foote are to be in the clo&s;e&s;t order; which is one foote and a halfe in Rancke, and three foote in File. The words of com|mand for clo&s;ing Files are diuers; as <HI>Clo&s;e your Files to the right hand:</HI> or, <HI>Clo&s;e your Files to the left hand:</HI> or, <HI>Clo&s;e your Files both waies:</HI> the la&s;t whereof is mo&s;t com|monly v&s;ed, and therefore I haue demon&s;trated that or|der, as you may perceiue in the Figure marked <HI>pag.</HI> 211.</P>
<P>Note al&s;o, that becau&s;e I de&s;ired to ob&s;erue the di|&s;tances preci&s;ely in all the Figures, that therefore the <HI>Printer</HI> was forced to change the Letters in this and &s;ome other Figures, and in &s;teed of <HI>M.</HI> for <HI>Muskettiere,</HI> hath placed <HI>S.</HI> for <HI>Shot:</HI> which I thought good to giue notice of for thy better vnder&s;tanding.</P>
<PB N="211" REF="114">
<P><FIGURE>
</FIGURE></P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 TYPE="section">
<PB N="212" REF="115">
<HEAD>Clo&s;e your Ranckes at three foote.</HEAD>
<P>THe Files being clo&s;ed, at a foote and halfe demon|&s;trated in the Figure marked in <HI>pag.</HI> 211 the Captaine then commands, <HI>Clo&s;e your Ranckes at three foote,</HI> or, <HI>at Swords point;</HI> which is the clo&s;e&s;t order for Ranckes: the which is plainly demon&s;trated in the Figure marked in <HI>pag.</HI> 213.</P>
<PB N="213" REF="118">
<P><FIGURE>
</FIGURE></P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 TYPE="section">
<PB N="214" REF="119">
<HEAD>To the right hand, wheele.</HEAD>
<P>VPon occa&s;ion of the Enemies charge on the right hand Flancke, to receiue him with the mo&s;t able men, which are v&s;ually in the Front; it may be perfor|med by commanding them, <HI>To the right hand wheele;</HI> and then the Leader of the right hand File &s;tandeth fixed, onely turning his body, and all the re&s;t moue vpon him as the centre: according to the Demon&s;tration <HI>pag.</HI> 215. Note that the Officers mu&s;t be very carefull to command and &s;ee them to keepe their di&s;tances in Rancke and File, without which, this Motion will not bee gracefully acted.</P>
<PB N="215" REF="119">
<P><FIGURE>
</FIGURE></P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 TYPE="section">
<PB N="216" REF="120">
<HEAD>To the left hand, wheele.</HEAD>
<P>THis Motion differeth from the former <HI>pag.</HI> 215 only in this; that here the Leader of the left hand File &s;tandeth fixed, as there the Leader of the right hand File did: which by the forme of the Demon&s;tration marked with A. you may ea&s;ily vnder&s;tand.</P>
<P>THere is another way which I haue &s;eene <HI>Graue Mau|rice</HI> his guard to wheele, <HI>viz.</HI> to moue vpon the middle of the Front, and then if they wheele to the right hand, All to the right hand of the middle of the Front go backwards, and the re&s;t forward: and if they wheele to the left hand, then all to the left hand of the middle of the Front goe backwards, and the re&s;t forwards. All which is mo&s;t plainely vnder&s;tood by ob&s;eruing the De|mon&s;tration marked with B. In which and the two for|mer Figures is a Starre placed neere the centre, on which the Company moues.</P>
<PB N="217" REF="115">
<P><FIGURE>
<HEAD>A</HEAD>
</FIGURE>
<FIGURE>
<HEAD>B</HEAD>
</FIGURE></P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 TYPE="section">
<PB N="218" REF="116">
<HEAD>Open your Ranckes backwards.</HEAD>
<P>TO open the Ranckes, vnder&s;tand that the Front or fir&s;t Rancke &s;tandeth &s;till, and the other nine Rancks fall backwards altogither, till the &s;econd Rancke be &s;ix foote di&s;tant from the Front, and then it &s;tands &s;till, and the re&s;t of the body moues till the third Rancke be &s;ix foote di&s;tant from the &s;econd Rancke, and &s;o till the fourth Rancke be di&s;tant &s;ix foote from the third, and all the re&s;t of the Ranckes in order. The manner whereof I haue demon&s;trated in the Figure marked M. and the thing done in the Figure marked N.</P>
<PB N="219" REF="116">
<P><FIGURE>
<HEAD>M</HEAD>
</FIGURE>
<FIGURE>
<HEAD>N</HEAD>
</FIGURE></P>
</DIV4>
<DIV4 TYPE="section">
<PB N="220" REF="117">
<HEAD>Open your Files both wayes.</HEAD>
<P>IN opening the Files, halfe the body moues towards the right hand, and the other halfe towards the left hand, in gro&s;&s;e; and then the two middle-mo&s;t Files when they are 6 foote di&s;tant, &s;tand &s;till, &amp; the re&s;t of the body continues mouing both wayes, till the next two Files are di&s;tant &s;ix foote from the former which &s;tood &s;till: and &s;o the Motion continues in this order till all the Files haue taken their di&s;tance of &s;ix foote each from other. The manner whereof is demon&s;trated in the Fi|gure marked with E. and the thing done in the Figure marked with F.</P>
<P>Thus much for the manner of exerci&s;ing footemen, fully performed, after the right order and moderne v&s;e of Theoricke Rules, accu&s;tomed in the&s;e dayes.</P>
<P>Now la&s;tly you are to lead forth your &s;ouldiers by fiue and fiue in Rancke, in like order as is &s;et downe in the Figure of the order how a Company &s;hould march. Note that the Captaine marching out of the field, mo&s;t commonly doth march in the Reare of his Company, and his Lieutenant in the Front, the re&s;t of the Officers are to march in like order as is demon&s;trated in the order of march, except you do troope out of the Field; for then you are to alter &amp;c. how&s;oeuer you are to conduct the Colours to the place where they are to be laid vp, where hauing made a guard, the Captaine and his Officers re|pairing to the Colours, being within the &s;aid guard, and towards the Front, he &s;aith to the Drum or Drums, <HI>Beat vp a di&s;charge,</HI> which being done, (with &s;ometimes a vol|ley of &s;hot giuen) and the Colours wrapped and folded vp, euery man departs to his home. &amp;c.</P>
<PB N="121" REF="117">
<P><FIGURE>
<HEAD>E</HEAD>
</FIGURE>
<FIGURE>
<HEAD>F</HEAD>
</FIGURE></P>
</DIV4>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
<TRAILER>FINIS.</TRAILER>
<PB REF="118">
<PB REF="120">
<PB REF="121">
</DIV1>
</BODY>
</TEXT>
</EEBO>
</ETS>
