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<DATE>2013-08-29</DATE>
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<NAME>Alexis Jakobson</NAME>
<RESP>MURP</RESP>
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<IDG S="marc" R="UM" ID="B01977">
<STC T="W">C1799</STC>
<STC T="C">R171139</STC>
<BIBNO T="oclc">52612056</BIBNO>
<VID>179339</VID>
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<TEXT LANG="eng">
<FRONT>
<DIV1 TYPE="title page">
<PB REF="1">
<PB REF="1">
<P>Engli&s;h Orthography: OR, The Art of WRITING AND <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">ELLING True ENGLISH, In Three PARTS.</P>
<P>PART I. Contains all what is nece&s;&s;ary for the Letters in Orthography, and every Letter con&s;idered in particular.</P>
<P>PART II. Contains the Spelling part, with Rules and Di|rections for Reading, Spelling and Under&s;tanding all hard Words, with the Abbreviations in Letters and Figures; al&s;o plain and ea&s;ie Rules to under&s;tand the Stops or Pau&s;es, and an Example on every one with all Marks and Directions.</P>
<P>Together with a Table of the mo&s;t material Words that are &s;pelt differently and &s;ounded alike, very nece&s;&s;ary to be known, where|by tho&s;e who have not learn'd the Grammar may learn to &s;pell True Engli&s;h.</P>
<P>PART III. Pre&s;ents the Learner with ample and u&s;efull In|&s;tructions how to write Letters of all Sorts, and to all man|ner of Per&s;ons, and the Titles of Honour and Re&s;pects due to all Ranks, with Beginnings and Conclu&s;ions on many Occa&s;ions.</P>
<P>Al&s;o u&s;ual Precedents for Common Affairs, very nece&s;&s;ary for Per&s;ons of all Ranks.</P>
<P>By <HI>JOHN CHALMER,</HI> Teacher of the Art of Writing and Accounts, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<Q><L>Ingenium ni&s;i &s;it &s;tudium flos e&s;t &s;ine fructu</L>
<L>Haec duo conjuncta, fructificare &s;olent.</L></Q>
<P><HI>LONDON,</HI> Printed for <HI>Jo&s;eph Hindmar&s;h,</HI> at the <HI>Golden Ball,</HI> again&s;t th<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="MURP" EXTENT="1 letter"> <HI>Royal Ex<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">ange</HI> in <HI>Cornhill.</HI> 1687.</P>
</DIV1>
</FRONT>
<BODY>
<DIV1 N="1" TYPE="part">
<PB REF="2">
<PB N="1" REF="2">
<HEAD>Engli&s;h Orthography, Containing The <HI>Art</HI> of <HI>Writing</HI> Right And <HI>Spelling</HI> Well: With <HI>Directions</HI> for <HI>Reading Engli&s;h</HI> and <HI>Wri|ting Letters</HI> to Per&s;ons of all Qualities. Very <HI>nece&s;&s;ary</HI> for <HI>young Per&s;ons</HI> both <HI>Men</HI> and <HI>Women,</HI> e&s;pecially tho&s;e who have not learned the Grammar. PART I.</HEAD>
<DIV2 N="1" TYPE="chapter">
<HEAD><HI>CHAP. I.</HI> Of the <HI>Letters</HI> and <HI>Characters</HI> of the <HI>Engli&s;h</HI> Tongue.</HEAD>
<P><HI>ORthography</HI> is the <HI>Art</HI> of <HI>Writing</HI> Right and <HI>Spelling</HI> Well. This <HI>con&s;i&s;ts</HI> in placing the <HI>true</HI> Letters and <HI>proper</HI> Cha|racters, appertaining to every <HI>word,</HI> in their <HI>due</HI> and <HI>rightful order.</HI></P>
<P>The <HI>fir&s;t</HI> thing, therefore, to be con&s;idered, will be the <HI>Cha|racters</HI> or <HI>Letters.</HI></P>
<P>A <HI>Letter</HI> is the <HI>&s;malle&s;t</HI> part of a <HI>word</HI> that can be <HI>written.</HI></P>
<P>In <HI>Engli&s;h</HI> there are twenty &s;ix Letters.</P>
<P>a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r &s; t v u w x y z.</P>
<PB N="2" REF="3">
<P><HI>The&s;e</HI> following are the &s;everal <HI>Phaenomena</HI> or <HI>appearances</HI> of Characters among&s;t us.</P>
<P>The great Engli&s;h Letters.</P>
<P><HI>A B C D E F G H I K L M N O P Q R S T V X Y Z.</HI></P>
<P>The &s;mall Engli&s;h Letters.</P>
<P><HI>a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r &s; t v u w x y z.</HI></P>
<P><HI>The great Roman Letters.</HI></P>
<P>A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T V U W X Y Z.</P>
<P><HI>The &s;mall Roman Letters.</HI></P>
<P>a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r &s; t v u w x y z.</P>
<P>The great Italian Letters.</P>
<P><HI>A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T V &V; W X Y Z.</HI></P>
<P>The &s;mall Italian Letters.</P>
<P><HI>a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r &s; t v u w x y z.</HI></P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 N="2" TYPE="chapter">
<PB N="3" REF="3">
<HEAD><HI>CHAP. II.</HI> Of <HI>Vowels</HI> and <HI>Diphthongs.</HI></HEAD>
<P>THE <HI>Letters</HI> are divided into <HI>Vowels</HI> and <HI>Con&s;onants.</HI></P>
<P>The <HI>Vowels</HI> are <HI>a, e, i, o, u</HI> and <HI>y Greek.</HI></P>
<P>A <HI>Vowel</HI> maketh a <HI>perfect &s;ound</HI> of it &s;elf, without a <HI>Con&s;onant;</HI> as <HI>a man, e-very, i-dolatry, &ocirc; Lord, u-biquity, y-cleped:</HI> But this <HI>la&s;t</HI> &s;ort of <HI>words</HI> are now almo&s;t <HI>ob&s;olete</HI> and <HI>out</HI> of <HI>u&s;e.</HI></P>
<P><HI>Two</HI> Vowels <HI>conjoyned</HI> together make a <HI>Diphthong,</HI> which is either <HI>Proper</HI> or <HI>Improper.</HI></P>
<P><HI>Proper</HI> Diphthongs are <HI>two</HI> Vowels <HI>written</HI> and <HI>&s;ounded</HI> toge|ther, being 8 in number: <HI>ai, ei, oi au, eu, ou, ee, oo.</HI></P>
<P>But when 2 <HI>Vowels</HI> meet together, and but <HI>one</HI> of them is <HI>&s;ounded,</HI> they are accounted <HI>Improper</HI> Diphthongs, and commonly <HI>reckoned</HI> 6, <HI>ay, ey, oy, aw, ew, ow.</HI></P>
<P>The <HI>Proper</HI> ones occur in the <HI>beginning</HI> and <HI>middle</HI> of words: as <HI>aim, either, oi&s;ter, author, feud, found, bleed, book.</HI></P>
<P>But when the <HI>&s;ame</HI> &s;ound waits upon the <HI>end</HI> of a word, then they become <HI>Improper</HI> Diphthongs; as, <HI>pray, prey, imploy, draw, few, plow.</HI></P>
<P><HI>Au, eu,</HI> and <HI>ou</HI> are &s;ounded like <HI>aw, ew, ow,</HI> and ordinarily <HI>appear</HI> in the <HI>front</HI> and <HI>middle</HI> of words: but <HI>&s;ometimes,</HI> when the <HI>&s;ound</HI> is <HI>flatti&s;h,</HI> then the <HI>Improper</HI> mu&s;t be u&s;ed; as, <HI>award, ewer, own,</HI> or <HI>Drawer, Brewer, Flower.</HI></P>
<P>Sometimes 3 Vowels come <HI>crowding</HI> together, and mu&s;t be pronounced, as <HI>eau</HI> in <HI>Beauty, ieu</HI> in <HI>lieu [i. e.</HI> Place, a <HI>French</HI> word] <HI>uai</HI> in <HI>acquaint, uee</HI> in <HI>Queen.</HI> The&s;e and the <HI>like,</HI> are by <HI>&s;ome</HI> &s;tiled <HI>Tripthongs,</HI> which not being of any <HI>con&s;iderable u&s;e,</HI> are not <HI>much</HI> taken <HI>notice</HI> of.</P>
<LG>
<L>But the <HI>Young Tyro,</HI> who <HI>begins</HI> to <HI>read,</HI></L>
<L>Is not <HI>concern'd</HI> &s;uch <HI>niceties</HI> to heed:</L>
<L>Though when more <HI>Wit</HI> and <HI>Rea&s;on</HI> do command,</L>
<L>Then it is <HI>fit</HI> &s;uch things to <HI>under&s;tand.</HI></L>
</LG>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 N="3" TYPE="chapter">
<PB N="4" REF="4">
<HEAD><HI>CHAP. III.</HI> Of <HI>Con&s;onants.</HI></HEAD>
<P><HI>COn&s;onants</HI> are Letters, which of <HI>them&s;elves</HI> can make <HI>no &s;ound,</HI> without the <HI>a&s;&s;i&s;tance</HI> of a <HI>vowel;</HI> they are in number 20.</P>
<P>b, c, d, f, g, h, j, k, l, m, n, p, q, r, &s;, t, v, w, x, z.</P>
<P>Among&s;t <HI>the&s;e,</HI> 8 are <HI>Mutes,</HI> or <HI>dumb</HI> Letters, which make <HI>no</HI> &s;ound of them&s;elves, but require the <HI>Letter</HI> [e] at the <HI>end,</HI> to <HI>help</HI> them out.</P>
<P>b, c, d, g, k, p, q, t.</P>
<P>There are, likewi&s;e, 8 which we may term <HI>&s;emi-vowels,</HI> or half Vowels, becau&s;e they <HI>commence</HI> their <HI>&s;ound</HI> with the <HI>vowel</HI> [e] and <HI>terminate</HI> in <HI>them&s;elves:</HI> viz, j, f, l, m, n, r, &s;, x.</P>
<P><HI>Five</HI> are Liquids, becau&s;e they <HI>lo&s;e</HI> their <HI>force</HI> and <HI>efficacy:</HI> as l, m, n, r, &s;.</P>
<P>When the <HI>&s;trength</HI> of the <HI>&s;ound</HI> of any word re&s;teth upon a <HI>Con&s;onant</HI> in the <HI>beginning, middle,</HI> or <HI>ending</HI> of a word, then the <HI>Con&s;onant</HI> mu&s;t be writ <HI>double:</HI> as <HI>addition, common, contract,</HI> and the <HI>like</HI> words, very <HI>frequent</HI> in the <HI>Engli&s;h</HI> Tongue.</P>
<LG>
<L><HI>Ingenious</HI> Youths the <HI>my&s;tery</HI> will <HI>find,</HI></L>
<L>If once they <HI>fix</HI> the <HI>notion</HI> in their <HI>mind:</HI></L>
<L>And by their little <HI>doubtings</HI> will un&s;crew,</L>
<L><HI>More</HI> than their <HI>Ma&s;ters</HI> either <HI>taught</HI> or <HI>knew.</HI></L>
</LG>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 N="4" TYPE="chapter">
<HEAD><HI>CHAP. IV.</HI> Of the <HI>Letters,</HI> in order.</HEAD>
<P>TO <HI>&s;peak</HI> or <HI>write</HI> exactly, is a work, which requireth much <HI>time,</HI> and much <HI>care</HI> and <HI>application;</HI> wherefore, that you may <HI>&s;urmount</HI> all <HI>difficulties</HI> and hard&s;hips of <HI>Orthography,</HI> I judge it <HI>expedient</HI> to con&s;ider the <HI>force</HI> and <HI>propriety</HI> of <HI>every</HI> Letter in the <HI>Al<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">habet,</HI> by it &s;elf.</P>
<PB REF="4">
<P>Many <HI>words</HI> have certain <HI>Letters</HI> in them that are <HI>not &s;ounded,</HI> and <HI>others</HI> which have not their <HI>proper</HI> &s;ound; and &s;ome <HI>la&s;tly,</HI> that are <HI>indued</HI> with the <HI>&s;ound</HI> of <HI>an other,</HI> which of nece&s;&s;ity mu&s;t create a <HI>mighty impediment</HI> to the <HI>Candidates</HI> of our <HI>Tongue,</HI> both in <HI>pronunciation</HI> and <HI>&s;pelling.</HI></P>
<P>A is &s;ounded <HI>flat</HI> before a <HI>double Con&s;onant,</HI> as <HI>all, attract.</HI></P>
<P>Sometimes it <HI>lo&s;eth</HI> its <HI>&s;ound,</HI> as in <HI>I&s;aac, Aaron, Pharaoh, Balaam.</HI></P>
<P>B is not pronounc'd in <HI>Lamb, doubt, thumb, dumb.</HI></P>
<P>C hath <HI>two</HI> &s;ounds, that of [k] and that of [&s;.] When it comes <HI>before a, o, oo, u</HI> it <HI>imitates</HI> the &s;ound of [k] as <HI>Cat, Comb, Cook, Cu&s;tom:</HI> but when it <HI>precedes e, i, y</HI> or <HI>ee,</HI> it &s;ounds like [<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">] as <HI>Cell, Cider, Cypre&s;s, exceed.</HI></P>
<P><HI>Ch</HI> in all words of a <HI>purely Engli&s;h</HI> &s;tamp, hath a <HI>peculiar</HI> &s;ound both <HI>before</HI> and <HI>after</HI> a Vowel, as <HI>change, Cheap&s;ide, Checquer, Church,</HI> and after a vowel, as <HI>reach, preach, much.</HI></P>
<P>But in a word of <HI>Hebrew</HI> or <HI>Greek</HI> Origination [ch] emu|lates the &s;ound of [k] as in <HI>Chileab, Nebuchadnezzar, Malchus, Ly&s;imachus, Eunuch, Stomach, Architect:</HI> except &s;ome <HI>few</HI> words, as <HI>Rachel, Cherubim,</HI> and where a <HI>con&s;onant</HI> follows, as <HI>Arch-bi&s;hop.</HI></P>
<P>C coming betwixt a <HI>vowel</HI> and [k] is <HI>not</HI> pronounced, but onely <HI>fortifies</HI> the &s;ound of [k] as <HI>&s;ack, mock, &s;tock.</HI></P>
<P>Al&s;o when it is written <HI>after</HI> &s;, it has nothing to <HI>do</HI> with its own <HI>peculiar</HI> pronunciation in <HI>Con&s;cience, Di&s;ciple</HI> and &s;uch as derive from the <HI>Latine:</HI> it onely makes the [&s;] &s;omewhat <HI>&s;harper</HI> than ordinary.</P>
<P>D is not &s;ounded in <HI>Bridge, Priviledge, Pledge</HI> and &s;uch <HI>like;</HI> but yet it <HI>&s;eems</HI> to <HI>give</HI> a <HI>vigour</HI> to the <HI>pronunciation</HI> of them.</P>
<P>E is <HI>often</HI> written, but <HI>not</HI> pronounc'd at the <HI>end</HI> of a word, as <HI>vertue, hou&s;e, fire, frame:</HI> but it is <HI>otherwi&s;e</HI> in words of more immediate <HI>foreign</HI> derivation; as <HI>Epitome, Conge, Je&s;&s;e, Jubile.</HI></P>
<P>When it is plac'd at the <HI>end,</HI> it &s;erves onely to <HI>lengthen</HI> the <HI>word,</HI> and is never <HI>pronounced</HI> at the <HI>end</HI> of a word <HI>truly Engli&s;h</HI> but in the&s;e <HI>Mono&s;yllables me, he, we, be,</HI> and the like: For it hath <HI>no &s;ound</HI> in a word of 2 <HI>Syllables.</HI></P>
<P>E &s;hould never come after <HI>[&s;s]</HI> at the <HI>end</HI> of a word; I know it is not &s;eldom <HI>written</HI> and <HI>printed</HI> otherwi&s;e: yet be|ing <HI>taken</HI> away from <HI>&s;ome</HI> words, it quite <HI>alters</HI> the &s;en&s;e, as <HI>fire, made, fare;</HI> leave out the [e's] and the <HI>&s;en&s;e</HI> is altogether <HI>lo&s;t,</HI> as <HI>fir, mad, far.</HI></P>
<PB REF="5">
<P>In <HI>many</HI> words [e] gives a <HI>&s;oftning</HI> reli&s;h to the <HI>&s;ound,</HI> and prolongs the <HI>tone</HI> of them, as <HI>price, force, Grace, age, Stage,</HI> &amp;c.</P>
<P>When a word <HI>ends</HI> with a <HI>double</HI> Con&s;onant it is <HI>needle&s;s</HI> to put [e] after it, as <HI>conte&s;t, hall, con&s;truct,</HI> &amp;c. In <HI>former</HI> times we find, they were &s;o <HI>enamour'd</HI> with <HI>this</HI> Letter, that they generally brought up the <HI>rear</HI> of <HI>every</HI> word with it that could any ways <HI>bear</HI> it; and &s;ome indifferent Heads either through <HI>inadvertency</HI> or <HI>ob&s;tinate ignorance</HI> carry on the <HI>humour</HI> &s;till, which to the <HI>under&s;tanding</HI> readers is &s;ufficiently <HI>ridiculous.</HI></P>
<P>F keeps its own natural force in all words and never lo&s;eth its &s;ound.</P>
<P>G hath <HI>two</HI> &s;ounds, one <HI>hard,</HI> as in <HI>Gold, Guide, Gho&s;t,</HI> and ano|ther <HI>&s;harp,</HI> as in <HI>George, General; both</HI> which &s;ounds are &s;ome|times <HI>found</HI> in <HI>one</HI> word, as in <HI>&s;ugge&s;t, exaggerate.</HI> But if <HI>a, o,</HI> or <HI>u</HI> follow the <HI>later</HI> &s;ound, the <HI>word</HI> mu&s;t not be <HI>written</HI> with [G] but with [J] con&s;onant, as <HI>James, Jo&s;eph, Ju&s;tice.</HI></P>
<P>It is al&s;o <HI>&s;ilent</HI> in <HI>many</HI> words, as in <HI>fl<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">gm, &s;ign, Sovereign, foreign.</HI></P>
<P>[gh] is &s;ounded like [ff] in <HI>laugh, cough, enough,</HI> without any <HI>rea&s;on</HI> but onely what may be <HI>deduced</HI> from <HI>vulgar</HI> cu|&s;tome. Some imagine, it is, becau&s;e the <HI>Engli&s;h</HI> cannot <HI>gut|tural</HI> it nor <HI>pronounce</HI> any thing through the <HI>throat,</HI> with whom I &s;o <HI>far</HI> agree as to <HI>think,</HI> that mo&s;t of them take no <HI>delight</HI> to do &s;o.</P>
<P>In <HI>other</HI> words it is <HI>not</HI> at all pronounced; as in <HI>might, &s;traight, weight, right.</HI></P>
<P>H the <HI>Romans</HI> by no means <HI>admit</HI> to be a <HI>Letter,</HI> and the <HI>Greci|ans</HI> reject it, for that they have no <HI>Character,</HI> but onely a <HI>poor point</HI> for it. But the <HI>Engli&s;h</HI> have very <HI>kindly</HI> be&s;tow'd a <HI>Character</HI> upon it, &s;o that it is <HI>allowed</HI> to be a <HI>member</HI> of the <HI>family</HI> of <HI>Letters</HI> in general: But why it &s;hould not be &s;o in <HI>particular,</HI> I &s;hall not &s;tay here to <HI>determine,</HI> but leave it to <HI>another</HI> opportunity.</P>
<P>I is <HI>rarely</HI> pronounced in <HI>&s;uch</HI> words as <HI>Chri&s;topher, Tho|mas, Rhetorick, Rheum;</HI> and at the <HI>end</HI> of all <HI>Hebrew</HI> words it is <HI>lo&s;t,</HI> as <HI>Shiloah, Sarah, Jeremiah.</HI></P>
<P>I <HI>Vowel</HI> is not &s;ounded in <HI>Parliament, fa&s;hion</HI> and the like.</P>
<P>J <HI>Con&s;onant,</HI> which I will <HI>take leave</HI> to <HI>&s;tyle</HI> by the <HI>name</HI> of <HI>[jod]</HI> when <HI>&s;ituated</HI> before a <HI>Vowel</HI> is &s;ounded as <HI>g,</HI> and mu&s;t be written <HI>different</HI> from an [i] <HI>vowel,</HI> as in <HI>ju&s;t, judge,</HI> with a long <HI>trole</HI> at the <HI>bottom.</HI></P>
<P>I add <HI>[jod]</HI> and <HI>[vau]</HI> (for &s;o I have pre&s;umed to call <HI>[v]</HI>) to the 24 Letters, as two <HI>di&s;tinct</HI> and <HI>&s;eparate</HI> Letters,
<PB REF="5"> having as great <HI>di&s;crimination</HI> from <HI>[i]</HI> and <HI>[u]</HI> both in <HI>form, nature</HI> and <HI>&s;ound,</HI> as any of the <HI>other</HI> Letters have from <HI>one another.</HI></P>
<P>K is never <HI>doubled</HI> in any <HI>Engli&s;h</HI> word, but has the <HI>addition</HI> of C to fortify its <HI>pronunciation,</HI> as <HI>black, Clock;</HI> though in words of the <HI>Hebrew</HI> Idiom and <HI>off-&s;pring</HI> it may be <HI>otherwi&s;e,</HI> as in <HI>Habbakkuk.</HI></P>
<P>K is <HI>needle&s;s,</HI> and may be indifferently <HI>left</HI> out or <HI>put</HI> in at the <HI>end</HI> of all words <HI>derived</HI> from the <HI>Latine,</HI> as in the&s;e words <HI>public, Phy&s;ic, Arithmetic,</HI> and the like.</P>
<P>L is omitted in <HI>many</HI> words, as <HI>half, calf, calm, Salve, Salmon, Faulcon:</HI> Yet this happens according to the <HI>Gentilene&s;s</HI> of the <HI>mouth</HI> that pronounceth it.</P>
<P>L is <HI>doubled</HI> at the <HI>end</HI> of all words of <HI>one Syllable,</HI> as <HI>Hall, &s;mall, call, fill, kill,</HI> unle&s;s the Mono&s;yllable have a <HI>diphthong,</HI> then it terminates with a <HI>&s;ingle</HI> [l] as <HI>hail, pail, fail.</HI></P>
<P><HI>All</HI> words exceeding one <HI>Syllable</HI> which <HI>end</HI> in [i] &s;hould <HI>conclude</HI> with a <HI>&s;ingle</HI> [l] although many <HI>Scholars</HI> take little <HI>notice</HI> of it in <HI>writing,</HI> as <HI>&s;ub&s;tantial, Cathedral, General, real, continual, immortal,</HI> except when the <HI>&s;trength</HI> of the <HI>&s;ound</HI> de|pends on the <HI>la&s;t</HI> letter; as <HI>rebell, compell, repell, de&s;till,</HI> &amp;c.</P>
<P>M is never <HI>left</HI> out of any <HI>word,</HI> and is always <HI>unchangeable</HI> in its <HI>&s;ound.</HI></P>
<P>N is not pronounced in <HI>&s;olemn, hymn, Autumn, condemn,</HI> words of <HI>Latin</HI> Extraction.</P>
<P>O mi&s;&s;eth its &s;ound in many words, as <HI>Youth, courage, People, jeopardy.</HI></P>
<P>[oo] is &s;ounded like <HI>woo,</HI> as in <HI>choo&s;e, roof,</HI> neverthele&s;s it &s;ounds a <HI>&s;hort</HI> [u] in <HI>good, blood, &s;tood, hood.</HI></P>
<P>P is not pronounced in <HI>P&s;alm, contempt, &s;umptuous, &s;ymptom,</HI> and the like.</P>
<P><HI>Ph</HI> hath the &s;ound of [f] in <HI>many</HI> words, as <HI>Philip, Tri|umph, Theophilus.</HI></P>
<P>Q is never written without [u] <HI>vowel.</HI></P>
<P>R is no-where <HI>&s;uperfluous,</HI> but is evermore <HI>expre&s;t</HI> where it is <HI>written.</HI></P>
<P>S lo&s;eth its &s;ound in <HI>Vi&s;count, I&s;land.</HI> It is &s;ounded like [z] in <HI>many</HI> words, as <HI>pea&s;e, bu&s;ie, prai&s;e, rai&s;e,</HI> which may be <HI>a&s;cri|bed</HI> to the <HI>vicinity</HI> and <HI>neighbourhood</HI> of the <HI>vowels</HI> and <HI>dihp|thongs,</HI> cau&s;ing the <HI>Tongue</HI> to <HI>dwell</HI> the longer on the <HI>con&s;o|nant.</HI></P>
<P>Ti mu&s;t be pronounced like [&s;i] always <HI>before</HI> a vowel, as <HI>frui|tion, contrition:</HI> but if no vowel <HI>follow,</HI> then it mu&s;t be <HI>&s;ound<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">d</HI>
<PB REF="6"> as it is <HI>written.</HI> However; if [&s;] come before [ti] then it is <HI>pronounced,</HI> as it lieth <HI>naturally</HI> in the word, as <HI>que&s;tion, com|bu&s;tion.</HI></P>
<P>V <HI>con&s;onant</HI> [or vau] differs very <HI>much</HI> from [u] <HI>vowel,</HI> and from [w] and ought to be <HI>regarded</HI> with a very <HI>carefull</HI> eye, &s;eeing it is a <HI>grand errour</HI> to write [u] <HI>vowel</HI> for [v] <HI>con&s;o|nant,</HI> as <HI>many</HI> do in &s;uch words, as <HI>love, vain, Vulture, va|lue,</HI> which look <HI>di&s;mally</HI> altogether in <HI>vowels</HI> thus, <HI>loue, uain, uulture,</HI> &amp;c.</P>
<P>U <HI>vowel</HI> is <HI>omitted</HI> in the <HI>pronunciation</HI> of <HI>the&s;e</HI> words, <HI>guard, gue&s;t, guide,</HI> &amp;c.</P>
<P>W is &s;eldom &s;ounded <HI>after</HI> [o] or <HI>before</HI> [r] as <HI>&s;hallow, mea|dow, widow, write, wrath, wrangle.</HI></P>
<P>X never begins any word without an [e] before it, except <HI>proper</HI> names, as <HI>Xerxes, Xenophon, Xeno.</HI></P>
<P>Y is put commonly at the <HI>end</HI> of <HI>many</HI> words for [ie] although [ie] is the <HI>better,</HI> and mo&s;t <HI>natural</HI> way, which I &s;hall not here <HI>di&s;pute,</HI> but <HI>leave</HI> every man to his <HI>own judgment</HI> or <HI>caprice.</HI></P>
<P>Y is never written in the <HI>middle</HI> of any word that is <HI>truly Engli&s;h:</HI> but we <HI>often</HI>-times meet with it in words <HI>borrowed</HI> from the <HI>extraneous</HI> and <HI>dead</HI> Languages, as <HI>Apocrypha, Gymno|&s;ophi&s;t.</HI></P>
<P>Z is very <HI>rarely</HI> u&s;ed in <HI>Engli&s;h,</HI> becau&s;e [s] has the <HI>&s;ame</HI> &s;ound in <HI>many</HI> words.</P>
<LG>
<L><HI>Ble&s;t</HI> be the <HI>man,</HI> who <HI>Letters</HI> fir&s;t did find,</L>
<L>To <HI>ble&s;s</HI> with nice <HI>In&s;tructions</HI> all <HI>Mankind:</HI></L>
<L>Surely the <HI>Heavenly Powers</HI> in&s;pir'd his <HI>mind.</HI></L>
<L>To <HI>&s;light</HI> &s;uch <HI>Sacred Gifts</HI> we &s;hould be <HI>&s;orry,</HI></L>
<L>From whence we draw <HI>Prophane</HI> and <HI>Sacred</HI> Story:</L>
<L>Let us be <HI>thankful,</HI> and give <HI>God</HI> the <HI>glory.</HI></L>
</LG>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 N="5" TYPE="chapter">
<PB REF="6">
<HEAD><HI>CHAP. V.</HI> Of <HI>Capitals.</HI></HEAD>
<P>THE <HI>Capital</HI> Letters are of <HI>great</HI> u&s;e (though extremely <HI>ne|glected</HI>) as being <HI>proper</HI> on <HI>many</HI> occa&s;ions, e&s;pecially the&s;e <HI>following.</HI></P>
<P N="1">1. In the <HI>beginning</HI> of all <HI>Writings, Paragraphs</HI> and <HI>Periods.</HI></P>
<P N="2">2. The <HI>fir&s;t</HI> Letter of all <HI>Proper Names, Chri&s;tian</HI> and <HI>Sirnames,</HI> and <HI>Titles</HI> of <HI>all</HI> &s;orts.</P>
<P N="3">3. Names of <HI>Arts, Sciences, Dignities, Offices, Trades</HI> and <HI>Im|ployments.</HI></P>
<P N="4">4. All remarkable <HI>Pa&s;&s;ages</HI> and <HI>Sentences</HI> are u&s;ually <HI>written</HI> in great <HI>Capitals,</HI> as <HI>Rev.</HI> 19.19. <HI>JES&V;S OF NAZARETH.</HI></P>
<P N="5">5. The <HI>Per&s;onal</HI> Pronoun [I] mu&s;t be always a <HI>great</HI> Ca|pital.</P>
<P N="6">6. When we write to <HI>great</HI> and illu&s;trious <HI>Per&s;onages,</HI> and <HI>no|minate</HI> them either by <HI>noun</HI> or <HI>pronoun,</HI> we are to u&s;e Capitals, as,
<LIST>
<ITEM><HI>We will and command you,</HI> &amp;c.</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Our will and plea&s;ure is,</HI> &amp;c.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Your <HI>Grace's Petitioner,</HI> &amp;c.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Your <HI>Lo. commanded me,</HI> &amp;c.</ITEM>
<ITEM>You <HI>are to appear before &V;s,</HI> &amp;c.</ITEM>
</LIST></P>
<P N="7">7. In things <HI>Sacred</HI> and <HI>Divine:</HI> we &s;hould take <HI>care</HI> always to write <HI>[God]</HI> with a <HI>great</HI> Letter to demon&s;trate the <HI>great aw</HI> we have of him, and the great <HI>deference</HI> and <HI>veneration</HI> we pay him.</P>
<P N="8">8. And la&s;tly, every <HI>Line</HI> in <HI>Poetry</HI> mu&s;t begin with a <HI>great Letter,</HI> as in the <HI>en&s;uing</HI> ver&s;es.</P>
<LG>
<L>If thou take <HI>pains</HI> in what is <HI>good,</HI> the pains</L>
<L>Doth quickly <HI>vani&s;h,</HI> but the good <HI>remains.</HI></L>
<L>If thou take <HI>plea&s;ure</HI> in a <HI>naughtie</HI> thing,</L>
<L>The <HI>ill</HI> remains; the <HI>plea&s;ure</HI> pains doth bring.</L>
<L>What <HI>wor&s;e</HI> art thou for <HI>pains,</HI> when <HI>gon</HI> at la&s;t,</L>
<L>Or what availeth <HI>plea&s;ure,</HI> when it's <HI>pa&s;t?</HI></L>
</LG>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 N="6" TYPE="chapter">
<PB REF="7">
<HEAD><HI>CHAP. VI.</HI> Of <HI>abbreviations</HI> in <HI>Capitals</HI> and <HI>other</HI> Letters, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></HEAD>
<P>THE <HI>Romans</HI> u&s;ed to make two, three, or more <HI>Capitals</HI> &s;tand each for &s;ome <HI>notable</HI> or <HI>cu&s;tomary</HI> words, as <HI>S. P. Q. R.</HI> &s;tood for <HI>Senatus Populus-que Romanus,</HI> The Senate and People of <HI>Rome.</HI> After them, <HI>we</HI> are accu&s;tomed to u&s;e them <HI>&s;everal</HI> ways: As for <HI>marks</HI> upon <HI>Books, Plate,</HI> and <HI>Moveables;</HI> and for <HI>denotations</HI> of &s;ome <HI>eminent</HI> and <HI>memorable Names</HI> and <HI>Ti|tles,</HI> as J. R. <HI>Jacobus</HI> Rex, King <HI>James; M. R. Maria Regina,</HI> Queen <HI>Mary;</HI> A. C. <HI>Archi-Epi&s;copus Cantuarien&s;is,</HI> The Arch-Bi|&s;hop of <HI>Canterbury;</HI> S. A. C. <HI>Summus Angliae Cancellarius,</HI> The Lord High Chancellour of <HI>England,</HI> &amp;c. S. S. T. D. <HI>Sacro Sanctae Theologiae Doctor;</HI> or D. D. Doctor of Divinity; B. D. Batchelor of Divinity; L. L. D. Doctor of Laws; R. S. S. Fellow of the Royal Society; M. A. Ma&s;ter of Arts; V. <HI>vide,</HI> &s;ee; N. B. <HI>Nota ben&egrave;,</HI> note well; P. P. Penny Po&s;t; &rx; <HI>Recipe.</HI></P>
<P>In like manner, the <HI>Romans</HI> u&s;ed <HI>Capitals</HI> for their <HI>numeral</HI> Letters and Figures, which are &s;till in <HI>u&s;e</HI> among&s;t mo&s;t <HI>Chri|&s;tian</HI> Nations on <HI>Hou&s;es, Monuments</HI> and <HI>Books,</HI> &amp;c.</P>
<P>Their <HI>Characters, powers</HI> and <HI>&s;ignifications</HI> are as follow.</P>
<P><TABLE>
<ROW>
<CELL>I</CELL>
<CELL>1</CELL>
<CELL>One</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>II</CELL>
<CELL>2</CELL>
<CELL>Two</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>III</CELL>
<CELL>3</CELL>
<CELL>Three</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>IV</CELL>
<CELL>4</CELL>
<CELL>Four</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>V</CELL>
<CELL>5</CELL>
<CELL>Five</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>VI</CELL>
<CELL>6</CELL>
<CELL>Six</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>VII</CELL>
<CELL>7</CELL>
<CELL>Seven</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>VIII</CELL>
<CELL>8</CELL>
<CELL>Eight</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>IX</CELL>
<CELL>9</CELL>
<CELL>Nine</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>X</CELL>
<CELL>10</CELL>
<CELL>Ten</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>XI</CELL>
<CELL>11</CELL>
<CELL>Eleven</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>XII</CELL>
<CELL>12</CELL>
<CELL>Twelve</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>XIII</CELL>
<CELL>13</CELL>
<CELL>Thirteen</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>XIV</CELL>
<CELL>14</CELL>
<CELL>Fourteen</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>XV</CELL>
<CELL>15</CELL>
<CELL>Fifteen</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>XVI</CELL>
<CELL>16</CELL>
<CELL>Sixteen</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>XVII</CELL>
<CELL>17</CELL>
<CELL>Seventeen</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>XVIII</CELL>
<CELL>18</CELL>
<CELL>Eighteen</CELL>
</ROW>
<PB REF="7">
<ROW>
<CELL>XIX</CELL>
<CELL>19</CELL>
<CELL>Nineteen</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>XX</CELL>
<CELL>20</CELL>
<CELL>Twenty</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>XXX</CELL>
<CELL>30</CELL>
<CELL>Thirty</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>XL</CELL>
<CELL>40</CELL>
<CELL>Forty</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>L</CELL>
<CELL>50</CELL>
<CELL>Fifty</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>LX</CELL>
<CELL>60</CELL>
<CELL>Sixty</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>LXX</CELL>
<CELL>70</CELL>
<CELL>Seventy</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>LXXX</CELL>
<CELL>80</CELL>
<CELL>Eighty</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>XC</CELL>
<CELL>90</CELL>
<CELL>Ninety</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>C</CELL>
<CELL>100</CELL>
<CELL>One hundred</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>CX</CELL>
<CELL>110</CELL>
<CELL>One hundred and ten</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>CXX</CELL>
<CELL>120</CELL>
<CELL>One hundred and twenty</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>CXXX</CELL>
<CELL>130</CELL>
<CELL>One hundred and thirty</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>CXL</CELL>
<CELL>140</CELL>
<CELL>One hundred and forty</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>CL</CELL>
<CELL>150</CELL>
<CELL>One hundred and fifty</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>CLX</CELL>
<CELL>160</CELL>
<CELL>One hundred and &s;ixty</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>CLXX</CELL>
<CELL>170</CELL>
<CELL>One hundred and &s;eventy</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>CLXXX</CELL>
<CELL>180</CELL>
<CELL>One hundred and eighty</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>CXC</CELL>
<CELL>190</CELL>
<CELL>One hundred and ninety</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>CC</CELL>
<CELL>200</CELL>
<CELL>Two hundred</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>D or D</CELL>
<CELL>500</CELL>
<CELL>Five hundred</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>M or M</CELL>
<CELL>1000</CELL>
<CELL>One thou&s;and</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>&rn5000;</CELL>
<CELL>5000</CELL>
<CELL>Five thou&s;and</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>&rn10000;</CELL>
<CELL>10000</CELL>
<CELL>Ten thou&s;and</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>&rn50000;</CELL>
<CELL>50000</CELL>
<CELL>Fifty thou&s;and</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>&rn100000;</CELL>
<CELL>100000</CELL>
<CELL>One hundred thou&s;and</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>&rn500000;</CELL>
<CELL>500000</CELL>
<CELL>Five hundred thou&s;and</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>&rn1000000;</CELL>
<CELL>1000000</CELL>
<CELL>Ten hundred thou&s;and</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>MDCLXXXVI</CELL>
<CELL>1686</CELL>
<CELL>One thou&s;and &s;ix hun|dred eighty &s;ix.</CELL>
</ROW>
</TABLE></P>
<P>As thus <HI>Letters</HI> expre&s;s <HI>Figures,</HI> &s;o &s;ometimes we find <HI>Figures</HI> expre&s;&s;ing <HI>Letters,</HI> as 4^o for <HI>Quarto,</HI> 8^o for <HI>Octavo,</HI> 12^m^o for <HI>Duodecimo,</HI> 9 for <HI>us,</HI> 7^b^e^r for <HI>September,</HI> 8^b^e^r for <HI>October,</HI> 9^b^e^r for <HI>November,</HI> 10^b^e^r for <HI>December,</HI> X^i^a^n for <HI>Chri&s;tian.</HI></P>
<PB REF="8">
<P><HI>Abbreviations</HI> are u&s;ed in <HI>writing</HI> for the more <HI>con|veniency</HI> of writing <HI>&s;hort,</HI> and <HI>di&s;patching</HI> bu&s;ine&s;s; and they are as follow.</P>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Ma^t^i^e for <HI>Maje&s;tie</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Sa. <HI>Sacred</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Exc^l^l^. <HI>Excellency</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Gr. <HI>Grace</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Hig^&s;^s <HI>Highne&s;s</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Lo^p <HI>Lord&s;hip</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>La^p <HI>Ladi&s;hip</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>B^p <HI>Bi&s;hop</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Wo^p <HI>Wor&s;hip</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Wo^l^l <HI>Wor&s;hipful</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>S^r <HI>Sir</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>M^r <HI>Ma&s;ter</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>E&s;q; <HI>E&s;quire</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Yeo. <HI>Yeoman</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Sch. <HI>Scholar</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Qu. <HI>Que&s;tion</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>An&s;. <HI>An&s;wer</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Gen^l^l <HI>General</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Gov^r <HI>Governour</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Gov^t <HI>Government</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Hon^b^l^e <HI>Honourable</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Illu&s;t. <HI>Illu&s;trious</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>K^t <HI>Knight</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>L^d <HI>Lord</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Capt. <HI>Captain</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Coll. <HI>Collonel</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Com^r <HI>Commi&s;&s;ioner</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Adm^l <HI>Admiral</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Adm^r^s <HI>Admini&s;trators</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Merch^t for <HI>Merchant</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Ex^e^r^s <HI>Executors</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>C^r <HI>Creditor</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>D^r <HI>Debitor</HI> or <HI>Doctor</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Obj. <HI>Objection</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Sol. <HI>Solution</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>D^d <HI>Delivered</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Re^d <HI>Received</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>M^r^s <HI>Mi&s;tris</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Liev^t <HI>Lievtenant</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>L^r^s <HI>Letters</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>obt. <HI>obtain</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Aug. Augu&s;t</ITEM>
<ITEM>Chap. <HI>Chapter</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Ver. <HI>Ver&s;e</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>P. <HI>Page</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Lin. <HI>Line</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Fol. Folio</ITEM>
<ITEM>Md. Memorandum</ITEM>
<ITEM>S^t <HI>Saint</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>P^n^t^s <HI>Pre&s;ents</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Pet^r <HI>Petitioner</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>p^d <HI>paid</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Req^&s;^t <HI>Reque&s;t</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Sev^r^l <HI>Several</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Tre^r^e <HI>Trea&s;ure</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Tre^r^y <HI>Trea&s;ury</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Yo^r^s <HI>Yours</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>y^e <HI>the</HI></ITEM>
<PB N="13" REF="8">
<ITEM>y^t for <HI>that</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>w^t <HI>what</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>y^m <HI>them</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>&amp; <HI>and</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>viz. <HI>videlicet,</HI> to wit</ITEM>
<ITEM>&abper; <HI>per</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>&abpro; <HI>pro</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>&abpre; <HI>pre</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>q^t <HI>containing</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>q^r^s <HI>quarters</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>w^c^h <HI>which</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>w^t^h <HI>with</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>&amp;c. <HI>and &s;o forth.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
</DIV2>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 N="2" TYPE="part">
<PB REF="9">
<PB N="15" REF="9">
<HEAD>Engli&s;h Orthography. PART II.</HEAD>
<DIV2 N="1" TYPE="chapter">
<HEAD><HI>CHAP. I.</HI> Of <HI>Spelling</HI> and <HI>Dividing</HI> of <HI>Syllables.</HI></HEAD>
<P>AFTER this <HI>brief</HI> Con&s;ideration of the <HI>&s;everal</HI> Letters in the <HI>Alphabet,</HI> according to their <HI>&s;ingle</HI> capacities, I &s;hall now <HI>proceed</HI> to &s;peak of them (as it were) <HI>con|join'd</HI> in <HI>&s;ociety,</HI> with reference to <HI>others,</HI> being <HI>reduc'd</HI> within the <HI>compa&s;s</HI> and <HI>dominion</HI> of words.</P>
<P>Tho&s;e who have <HI>learnt</HI> the <HI>Grammar,</HI> if they but mind <HI>Ortho|graphy,</HI> accompli&s;h them&s;elves in <HI>one</HI> (though not the <HI>lea&s;t</HI>) part of <HI>learning.</HI> And although we find <HI>many</HI> by a fatal <HI>experience</HI> to <HI>neglect</HI> it, and arrive onely to a <HI>mediocrity</HI> of <HI>perfection,</HI> and too frequently not <HI>that</HI> neither, to the <HI>reproach</HI> of <HI>pretenders</HI> to <HI>Lear|ning, Orthography</HI> being an <HI>e&s;&s;ential</HI> part thereof: Yet my <HI>follow|ing</HI> practical <HI>Rules</HI> are for the mo&s;t part <HI>de&s;ign'd</HI> for the <HI>a&s;&s;i&s;tance</HI> of tho&s;e who <HI>never</HI> had (or have ca&s;ually neglected) the <HI>opportu|nity</HI> of Learning.</P>
<P>I give the&s;e <HI>Rules</HI> from my own <HI>practice</HI> and experience, be|cau&s;e I have <HI>taught</HI> &s;everal of <HI>both Sexes,</HI> who were altogether <HI>ig|norant</HI> of any <HI>Grammar,</HI> to <HI>&s;pell</HI> true <HI>Engli&s;h</HI> to a very great <HI>per|fection,</HI> and indeed <HI>better</HI> than many who have learnt the <HI>Gram|mar</HI> and <HI>other</HI> things al&s;o.</P>
<P>&sect; The <HI>onely</HI> way for <HI>Ladies,</HI> and <HI>&s;uch</HI> who have not had <HI>Gram|mar-erudition,</HI> is to ob&s;erve <HI>carefully</HI> the&s;e following <HI>Directions.</HI></P>
<P N="1">1. When you have <HI>attain'd</HI> to write <HI>indifferently</HI> well, <HI>pry</HI> cu|riou&s;ly into every <HI>word</HI> you write, and diligently <HI>enquire</HI> how it is <HI>&s;pelt,</HI> and <HI>written.</HI></P>
<P N="2"><PB N="16" REF="10">2. You mu&s;t get <HI>&s;omebody</HI> to reade <HI>&s;oftly</HI> and ea&s;ily to you ac|cording as you can <HI>follow</HI> him at fir&s;t, <HI>&s;pelling</HI> as <HI>well</HI> as you can your own way; And when you have <HI>done,</HI> let <HI>&s;ome</HI> who have <HI>skill,</HI> reade over what you have <HI>written,</HI> and <HI>correct</HI> it: by doing this <HI>frequently,</HI> you will not <HI>fail</HI> to <HI>attain</HI> a con&s;iderable <HI>perfection</HI> in &s;mall time.</P>
<P N="3">3. When you can <HI>&s;pell</HI> pretty well, <HI>u&s;e</HI> your &s;elf to <HI>read</HI> what your <HI>Genius</HI> mo&s;t leads you to; and when you <HI>read,</HI> it is very <HI>convenient</HI> to keep an <HI>Alphabet</HI> of all the <HI>hard words</HI> you find, of who&s;e <HI>&s;ignification</HI> you are <HI>ignorant:</HI> and for your <HI>farther</HI> in&s;truc|tion, ask &s;ome <HI>under&s;tanding</HI> per&s;on, or at your own <HI>lea&s;ure</HI> apply your &s;elf to a <HI>Dictionary,</HI> where you may get the <HI>true meaning</HI> and <HI>&s;ignification</HI> of any <HI>word</HI> you &s;hall find.</P>
<P>By this <HI>method</HI> you will not only <HI>learn</HI> to <HI>&s;pell</HI> well, and <HI>un|der&s;tand</HI> the <HI>meaning</HI> of all words you meet with, but al&s;o to <HI>read well;</HI> that is, to have a <HI>true notion</HI> in your <HI>mind</HI> of what you <HI>read:</HI> for, it is hardly <HI>po&s;&s;ible</HI> for any man to <HI>read</HI> well that which he does <HI>not under&s;tand.</HI> He may <HI>perform</HI> &s;uch a thing &s;ometimes, I confe&s;s, by <HI>chance,</HI> and <HI>accidentally;</HI> but it is granted on all hands, that there is a <HI>Language</HI> of <HI>&s;ound</HI> and of <HI>po&s;ture,</HI> as well as of <HI>Let|ters</HI> and <HI>Syllables,</HI> and, that</P>
<LG>
<L>He who does <HI>read,</HI> and <HI>knows</HI> not the <HI>full</HI> &s;en&s;e,</L>
<L>Hath but the <HI>pratling Parrot</HI>'s Eloquence.</L>
<L>But he that <HI>reads,</HI> and <HI>under&s;tands</HI> aright,</L>
<L><HI>Humours</HI> the <HI>Sen&s;e,</HI> and <HI>charms</HI> you with <HI>delight.</HI></L>
</LG>
<P>Let <HI>&s;ome</HI> people <HI>read,</HI> and you can make <HI>nothing</HI> at all of the <HI>matter:</HI> Some again of a <HI>truly ingenious</HI> frame, and <HI>nice con&s;titu|tion</HI> (for <HI>&s;o</HI> I mu&s;t <HI>e&s;teem</HI> him that <HI>reads</HI> well) do give &s;uch <HI>life</HI> and <HI>motion</HI> to the <HI>things,</HI> that they in a manner <HI>inchant</HI> the <HI>hearers,</HI> and make them <HI>imbibe,</HI> and throughly <HI>under&s;tand</HI> the <HI>Sen&s;e</HI> and <HI>meaning.</HI></P>
<P>What makes <HI>Plays</HI> more <HI>taking</HI> from the <HI>Actor's</HI> mouth, than when the <HI>&s;ame words</HI> are read in <HI>downright</HI> print, proceeds from this <HI>Source,</HI> becau&s;e the <HI>Poet</HI> hath <HI>in&s;tructed</HI> the <HI>Player</HI> with the mo&s;t <HI>intimate</HI> intrigue of his <HI>own mind,</HI> and (as I may &s;ay) with the very <HI>heart</HI> of his <HI>intention.</HI> Whereas the <HI>print</HI> is only the <HI>dead Letter, dull</HI> and <HI>in&s;en&s;ible,</HI> having nothing but the <HI>&s;tock</HI> of the Poet's <HI>wit</HI> to <HI>&s;ub&s;i&s;t</HI> on, and <HI>engage</HI> the <HI>Reader,</HI> who, if he hath <HI>&s;een</HI> the <HI>&s;ame</HI> Play acted, is oftentimes <HI>compell'd</HI> to be <HI>beholden</HI> to his <HI>Memory</HI> for his <HI>plea&s;ure.</HI></P>
<PB N="17" REF="10">
<P>In <HI>writing</HI> you mu&s;t not <HI>divide</HI> a <HI>Syllable, that is,</HI> you are not to <HI>write</HI> one <HI>half,</HI> or one <HI>Letter</HI> of a <HI>Syllable</HI> in <HI>one</HI> Line, and the <HI>re&s;t</HI> in the <HI>next:</HI> but if your <HI>Line</HI> will not <HI>contain</HI> all your <HI>word,</HI> you mu&s;t either <HI>divide</HI> it <HI>rightly,</HI> or <HI>write</HI> all your <HI>word</HI> in the <HI>next</HI> Line, which is the <HI>be&s;t way.</HI></P>
<P>When a <HI>Con&s;onant</HI> is <HI>doubled,</HI> or when two <HI>Con&s;onants</HI> come <HI>to|gether,</HI> they are <HI>divided</HI> thus: the <HI>one</HI> to the <HI>fir&s;t</HI> Syllable; the <HI>other</HI> to the <HI>la&s;t:</HI> as <HI>Ad-der, dif-fer, &s;el-dom, Trum-pet.</HI></P>
<P>If a <HI>Con&s;onant</HI> come <HI>between</HI> two Vowels, you mu&s;t <HI>join</HI> the <HI>Con&s;onant</HI> to the <HI>Vowel</HI> following it: as <HI>be-came, re-port</HI> [x] one|ly excepted, which is evermore <HI>annexed</HI> to the <HI>Vowel</HI> going be|fore: as <HI>Ox-en, ex-er-ci&s;e.</HI></P>
<P>If a word con&s;i&s;t of two <HI>words,</HI> and the <HI>fir&s;t</HI> part of the <HI>com|po&s;ition</HI> had the <HI>&s;ilent</HI> [e] in the <HI>&s;imple</HI> word, it retaineth it in the <HI>compound,</HI> and is <HI>joined</HI> to the <HI>Con&s;onant</HI> before it: as <HI>where-of, where-in, where-by, &s;afe-guard.</HI></P>
<P>If two or three Con&s;onants which can <HI>begin</HI> words, come <HI>be|twixt</HI> two Vowels, they mu&s;t not be <HI>parted,</HI> but mu&s;t even <HI>&s;trike</HI> in with the <HI>Vowel</HI> following: as <HI>con-&s;train, con-&s;truct.</HI></P>
<P><HI>The&s;e are the</HI> Con&s;onants <HI>which</HI> begin <HI>words.</HI></P>
<P>bl, br, cl, ch, cr, dr, dw, fl, fr, gl, gn, gr, kl, kn, kr, ph, pl, pr, &s;c, &s;h, sk, &s;l, &s;m, &s;n, &s;p, &s;q, &s;t, &s;w, th, tr, tw, wh, wr.</P>
<P>Sometimes there are three Con&s;onants together at the <HI>com|mencement</HI> of <HI>words,</HI> and the&s;e are <HI>chr, phr, &s;cr, &s;hr, &s;pr, &s;tr; thr.</HI></P>
<LG>
<L>Thus in the <HI>world</HI> of <HI>Letters</HI> there is <HI>found</HI></L>
<L>A <HI>beauteous</HI> harmony of <HI>place</HI> and <HI>&s;ound,</HI></L>
<L>As in the <HI>greater</HI> World and <HI>my&s;tick Book</HI></L>
<L>Of <HI>lovely</HI> Nature nothing is <HI>mi&s;took:</HI></L>
<L>So when each <HI>Letter</HI> hath its <HI>proper place,</HI></L>
<L>The <HI>words</HI> run <HI>&s;weet,</HI> and give the <HI>Writing grace.</HI></L>
</LG>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 N="2" TYPE="chapter">
<PB N="18" REF="11">
<HEAD><HI>CHAP. II.</HI> Of Mono&s;yllables.</HEAD>
<P><HI>SPelling</HI> well is the <HI>dividing</HI> words into <HI>Syllables,</HI> and <HI>allotting</HI> to each <HI>Syllable</HI> its due and <HI>proper</HI> Letters, as <HI>vi-o-lence, vi-li-fy.</HI></P>
<P>Mo&s;t <HI>words</HI> in the <HI>Engli&s;h</HI> Tongue are <HI>&s;pelt</HI> according to the <HI>&s;ound:</HI> but it is <HI>be&s;t</HI> to adhere to the <HI>rules</HI> of <HI>true &s;pelling.</HI></P>
<P>For your better <HI>conveniency</HI> and more <HI>happy</HI> procedure in <HI>this</HI> kind, I have carefully <HI>collected</HI> and <HI>methodically</HI> dige&s;ted the <HI>grea|te&s;t</HI> part of tho&s;e <HI>words</HI> which have any <HI>difficulty</HI> in them of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and &s;ome of <HI>more</HI> Syllables, whereby you may &s;ee how they are <HI>&s;pelt,</HI> and from <HI>whence</HI> you may draw &s;uch <HI>general deductions</HI> and <HI>ob&s;ervations,</HI> as may <HI>extend</HI> to the right <HI>under&s;tan|ding</HI> and <HI>&s;pelling</HI> any word you <HI>meet</HI> withal.</P>
<LIST>
<HEAD>A <HI>Table</HI> of <HI>words</HI> of <HI>one</HI> Syllable.</HEAD>
<ITEM><LIST>
<HEAD>A</HEAD>
<ITEM>Acre</ITEM>
<ITEM>act</ITEM>
<ITEM>ancle</ITEM>
<ITEM>angle</ITEM>
<ITEM>awl.</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
<ITEM><LIST>
<HEAD>B</HEAD>
<ITEM>Bath</ITEM>
<ITEM>badge</ITEM>
<ITEM>breadth</ITEM>
<ITEM>brought</ITEM>
<ITEM>bought</ITEM>
<ITEM>bough</ITEM>
<ITEM>branch.</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
<ITEM><LIST>
<HEAD>C</HEAD>
<ITEM>Chri&s;t</ITEM>
<ITEM>church</ITEM>
<ITEM>clean&s;e</ITEM>
<ITEM>caught</ITEM>
<ITEM>check</ITEM>
<ITEM>cloath</ITEM>
<ITEM>cough.</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
<ITEM><LIST>
<HEAD>D</HEAD>
<ITEM>Dawn</ITEM>
<ITEM>dearth</ITEM>
<ITEM>drudge</ITEM>
<ITEM>draught</ITEM>
<ITEM>dough</ITEM>
<ITEM>drought</ITEM>
<ITEM>dumb</ITEM>
<ITEM>dwarf.</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
<ITEM><LIST>
<HEAD>E</HEAD>
<ITEM>Earn</ITEM>
<ITEM>enough</ITEM>
<ITEM>eight</ITEM>
<ITEM>ews</ITEM>
<ITEM>eyes.</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
<ITEM><LIST>
<HEAD>F</HEAD>
<ITEM>Fault</ITEM>
<ITEM>filth</ITEM>
<ITEM>flight</ITEM>
<ITEM>fraught</ITEM>
<ITEM>friend</ITEM>
<ITEM>fringe</ITEM>
<ITEM>fright.</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
<ITEM><LIST>
<HEAD>G</HEAD>
<ITEM>God</ITEM>
<ITEM>glad</ITEM>
<ITEM>gho&s;t</ITEM>
<ITEM>grief</ITEM>
<ITEM>growth</ITEM>
<ITEM>grudge</ITEM>
<ITEM>gue&s;t</ITEM>
<ITEM>guide.</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
<ITEM><LIST>
<HEAD>H</HEAD>
<ITEM>Health</ITEM>
<ITEM>hatch</ITEM>
<ITEM>hearth</ITEM>
<ITEM>height</ITEM>
<ITEM>hymns.</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
<ITEM><LIST>
<HEAD>J</HEAD>
<ITEM>Judge</ITEM>
<ITEM>joint</ITEM>
<ITEM>juice.</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
<ITEM><LIST>
<HEAD>K</HEAD>
<ITEM>Knight</ITEM>
<ITEM>knives</ITEM>
<ITEM>knots.</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
<ITEM><LIST>
<HEAD>L</HEAD>
<ITEM>League</ITEM>
<ITEM>laugh</ITEM>
<ITEM>length</ITEM>
<ITEM>light.</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
<ITEM><LIST>
<HEAD>M</HEAD>
<ITEM>Month</ITEM>
<ITEM>might</ITEM>
<ITEM>mouth</ITEM>
<ITEM>mulct</ITEM>
<ITEM>myrrh.</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
<ITEM><LIST>
<HEAD>N</HEAD>
<ITEM>Naught</ITEM>
<ITEM>neigh</ITEM>
<ITEM>nigh</ITEM>
<ITEM>night</ITEM>
<ITEM>nought.</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
<ITEM><LIST>
<HEAD>O</HEAD>
<ITEM>Ought</ITEM>
<ITEM>oar</ITEM>
<ITEM>oaths</ITEM>
<ITEM>oaks.</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
<ITEM><LIST>
<HEAD>P</HEAD>
<ITEM>Plight</ITEM>
<ITEM>plunge</ITEM>
<ITEM>plague</ITEM>
<ITEM>pierce</ITEM>
<ITEM>p&s;alms.</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
<PB N="19" REF="11">
<ITEM><LIST>
<HEAD>Q</HEAD>
<ITEM>Quake</ITEM>
<ITEM>quench</ITEM>
<ITEM>quacks</ITEM>
<ITEM>quick.</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
<ITEM><LIST>
<HEAD>R</HEAD>
<ITEM>Reign</ITEM>
<ITEM>reins</ITEM>
<ITEM>right</ITEM>
<ITEM>rough.</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
<ITEM><LIST>
<HEAD>S</HEAD>
<ITEM>Schi&s;m</ITEM>
<ITEM>&s;courge</ITEM>
<ITEM>&s;cour</ITEM>
<ITEM>&s;earch</ITEM>
<ITEM>&s;chool</ITEM>
<ITEM>&s;hrine</ITEM>
<ITEM>&s;hoo</ITEM>
<ITEM>&s;hould</ITEM>
<ITEM>&s;light</ITEM>
<ITEM>&s;leight</ITEM>
<ITEM>&s;igh</ITEM>
<ITEM>&s;ign</ITEM>
<ITEM>&s;trength.</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
<ITEM><LIST>
<HEAD>T</HEAD>
<ITEM>Taught</ITEM>
<ITEM>through</ITEM>
<ITEM>tongue</ITEM>
<ITEM>twelve</ITEM>
<ITEM>twelfth</ITEM>
<ITEM>though</ITEM>
<ITEM>thought</ITEM>
<ITEM>troughs</ITEM>
<ITEM>twins.</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
<ITEM><LIST>
<HEAD>V</HEAD>
<ITEM>View</ITEM>
<ITEM>vaunt</ITEM>
<ITEM>vow</ITEM>
<ITEM>vail</ITEM>
<ITEM>voice.</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
<ITEM><LIST>
<HEAD>U</HEAD>
<ITEM>Urge</ITEM>
<ITEM>U&s;e</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
<ITEM><LIST>
<HEAD>W</HEAD>
<ITEM>Wealth</ITEM>
<ITEM>weight</ITEM>
<ITEM>weave</ITEM>
<ITEM>world</ITEM>
<ITEM>wrought</ITEM>
<ITEM>write</ITEM>
<ITEM>wound</ITEM>
<ITEM>wrath</ITEM>
<ITEM>wreath</ITEM>
<ITEM>wrung</ITEM>
<ITEM>wooll</ITEM>
<ITEM>woo</ITEM>
<ITEM>woe</ITEM>
<ITEM>whore.</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
<ITEM><LIST>
<HEAD>Y</HEAD>
<ITEM>Young</ITEM>
<ITEM>youth</ITEM>
<ITEM>yaucht</ITEM>
<ITEM>year</ITEM>
<ITEM>yawn.</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
<ITEM><LIST>
<HEAD>Z</HEAD>
<ITEM>Zeal</ITEM>
<ITEM>Zone.</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
</LIST>
<LG>
<L>The&s;e are the <HI>words,</HI> to which though <HI>nature,</HI></L>
<L>Hath &s;ting'ly <HI>lent</HI> but a <HI>&s;mall &s;tature,</HI></L>
<L>So as for <HI>Pigmies</HI> they may <HI>pa&s;s,</HI></L>
<L>Yet they <HI>great</HI> vertues in <HI>&s;mall</HI> &s;pace</L>
<L>Do <HI>comprehend,</HI> and <HI>&s;eem</HI> to be</L>
<L>That <HI>Artful</HI> Dames Brachygraphie:</L>
<L>For GOD him&s;elf and <HI>King, World, Man,</HI></L>
<L>Are but the <HI>inch</HI> of <HI>words,</HI> not <HI>&s;pan.</HI></L>
<L>Than GOD or <HI>World,</HI> what <HI>greater</HI> things,</L>
<L>Or, GOD'S Lieutenants, <HI>Sacred Kings?</HI></L>
<L>Ev'n <HI>Mar.</HI> who <HI>all words</HI> did <HI>invent,</HI></L>
<L>Is with <HI>one Syllable content.</HI></L>
</LG>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 N="3" TYPE="chapter">
<HEAD><HI>CHAP. III.</HI> An <HI>Alphabet</HI> of words of <HI>two Syllables.</HI></HEAD>
<LIST>
<HEAD>A</HEAD>
<ITEM>Ab-ject</ITEM>
<ITEM>af-flict</ITEM>
<ITEM>an-gui&s;h</ITEM>
<ITEM>a&s;-&s;wage</ITEM>
<ITEM>ab-jure</ITEM>
<ITEM>ac-quaint</ITEM>
<ITEM>ac-count</ITEM>
<ITEM>af-fright</ITEM>
<ITEM>a&s;-&s;ault</ITEM>
<ITEM>aug-ment</ITEM>
<ITEM>ac-cept.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>B</HEAD>
<ITEM>Bap-ti&s;m</ITEM>
<ITEM>birth-right</ITEM>
<ITEM>ble&s;&s;-ing</ITEM>
<ITEM>bla&s;-pheme</ITEM>
<ITEM>be-lieve</ITEM>
<ITEM>back-bite</ITEM>
<ITEM>ban-quet</ITEM>
<ITEM>blame-le&s;s.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<PB N="20" REF="12">
<HEAD>C</HEAD>
<ITEM>Coun-cil</ITEM>
<ITEM>coun-&s;el</ITEM>
<ITEM>charg-ing</ITEM>
<ITEM>crea-ture</ITEM>
<ITEM>chal-lenge</ITEM>
<ITEM>cym-bals</ITEM>
<ITEM>chan-ging</ITEM>
<ITEM>ca&s;e-ment</ITEM>
<ITEM>cau-&s;ey</ITEM>
<ITEM>con-duct</ITEM>
<ITEM>com-pact</ITEM>
<ITEM>con-duit.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>D</HEAD>
<ITEM>Da-mage</ITEM>
<ITEM>de-&s;cribe</ITEM>
<ITEM>di&s;-charge</ITEM>
<ITEM>di&s;-&s;olve</ITEM>
<ITEM>di&s;-patch</ITEM>
<ITEM>di&s;-tinct</ITEM>
<ITEM>di-vorce</ITEM>
<ITEM>doc-trine</ITEM>
<ITEM>dam-ned</ITEM>
<ITEM>di&s;-ciples</ITEM>
<ITEM>di&s;-charge</ITEM>
<ITEM>daugh-ter.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>E</HEAD>
<ITEM>E-nough</ITEM>
<ITEM>eye-brow</ITEM>
<ITEM>ex-cept</ITEM>
<ITEM>ex-change</ITEM>
<ITEM>earth-quake</ITEM>
<ITEM>e-&s;chew</ITEM>
<ITEM>ex-tinct</ITEM>
<ITEM>e-vil.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>F</HEAD>
<ITEM>Friend-&s;hip</ITEM>
<ITEM>feign-eth</ITEM>
<ITEM>fru&s;-trate</ITEM>
<ITEM>fa-mine</ITEM>
<ITEM>fe-male</ITEM>
<ITEM>fierce-ne&s;s</ITEM>
<ITEM>flou-ri&s;h</ITEM>
<ITEM>four-teenth</ITEM>
<ITEM>fro-zen.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>G</HEAD>
<ITEM>Gal-lant</ITEM>
<ITEM>grum-ble</ITEM>
<ITEM>grudg-ing</ITEM>
<ITEM>griev-eth</ITEM>
<ITEM>guard-eth</ITEM>
<ITEM>gal-lows</ITEM>
<ITEM>glut-ton</ITEM>
<ITEM>go&s;-pel.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>H</HEAD>
<ITEM>Hai-nous</ITEM>
<ITEM>high-ne&s;s</ITEM>
<ITEM>hence-forth</ITEM>
<ITEM>hu&s;-band</ITEM>
<ITEM>hy&s;-&s;op</ITEM>
<ITEM>he-rauld</ITEM>
<ITEM>he-brew</ITEM>
<ITEM>hire-ling</ITEM>
<ITEM>ho-nour.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>J</HEAD>
<ITEM>Je-&s;us</ITEM>
<ITEM>ju&s;-tice</ITEM>
<ITEM>judg-ing</ITEM>
<ITEM>jay-lor</ITEM>
<ITEM>jour-ney</ITEM>
<ITEM>jea-lous</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>I</HEAD>
<ITEM>I-mage</ITEM>
<ITEM>in-crea&s;e</ITEM>
<ITEM>itch-ing.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>K</HEAD>
<ITEM>King-dom</ITEM>
<ITEM>kin&s;-man</ITEM>
<ITEM>know-ledge</ITEM>
<ITEM>knight-hood</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>L</HEAD>
<ITEM>Lan-gui&s;h</ITEM>
<ITEM>laugh-ter</ITEM>
<ITEM>lec-ture</ITEM>
<ITEM>light-ning</ITEM>
<ITEM>lov-ing</ITEM>
<ITEM>lan-t<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">rns</ITEM>
<ITEM>lat-ter</ITEM>
<ITEM>laugh-ing</ITEM>
<ITEM>lea-thern</ITEM>
<ITEM>leo-pard</ITEM>
<ITEM>lodg-ings.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>M</HEAD>
<ITEM>Man-kind</ITEM>
<ITEM>maid-en</ITEM>
<ITEM>mar-tyr</ITEM>
<ITEM>mi&s;-chief</ITEM>
<ITEM>mort-gage</ITEM>
<ITEM>mer-chant</ITEM>
<ITEM>mur-ther</ITEM>
<ITEM>migh-ty</ITEM>
<ITEM>moi&s;t-ure</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>N</HEAD>
<ITEM>Neigh-bour</ITEM>
<ITEM>naugh-ty</ITEM>
<ITEM>nei-ther</ITEM>
<ITEM>neg-lect</ITEM>
<ITEM>nor-thern</ITEM>
<ITEM>nour-i&s;h.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>O</HEAD>
<ITEM>Off-&s;pring</ITEM>
<ITEM>ob-ject</ITEM>
<ITEM>ob-&s;cure</ITEM>
<ITEM>op-pre&s;s</ITEM>
<ITEM>or-chard</ITEM>
<ITEM>ob-tain</ITEM>
<ITEM>o-racle.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>P</HEAD>
<ITEM>Pru-dence</ITEM>
<ITEM>par-lour</ITEM>
<ITEM>pave-ment</ITEM>
<ITEM>par-tridge</ITEM>
<ITEM>pen-knife</ITEM>
<ITEM>peo-ple</ITEM>
<ITEM>pe-ri&s;h</ITEM>
<ITEM>pil-grim</ITEM>
<ITEM>pic-ture</ITEM>
<ITEM>prie&s;t-hood</ITEM>
<ITEM>preach-er</ITEM>
<ITEM>purg-ing.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>Q</HEAD>
<ITEM>Quak-er</ITEM>
<ITEM>quar-rel</ITEM>
<ITEM>quick-en.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>R</HEAD>
<ITEM>Re-venge</ITEM>
<ITEM>re-joice</ITEM>
<ITEM>re-proach</ITEM>
<ITEM>re-&s;cue</ITEM>
<ITEM>re-ceive</ITEM>
<ITEM>reck-on</ITEM>
<ITEM>re-&s;traint</ITEM>
<ITEM>ru-mours.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>S</HEAD>
<ITEM>Sab bath</ITEM>
<ITEM>&s;courg-ing</ITEM>
<ITEM>&s;crip-ture</ITEM>
<ITEM>&s;ack-cloath</ITEM>
<ITEM>&s;afe-guard</ITEM>
<ITEM>&s;a-lute</ITEM>
<ITEM>&s;can-dal</ITEM>
<ITEM>&s;cor-ner</ITEM>
<ITEM>&s;hip-wrack</ITEM>
<ITEM>&s;laugh-ter.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>T</HEAD>
<ITEM>Tran&s;-gre&s;s</ITEM>
<ITEM>tran&s;-late</ITEM>
<ITEM>trea-&s;ure</ITEM>
<ITEM>threa-ten</ITEM>
<ITEM>to-ken</ITEM>
<ITEM>tre&s;-pa&s;s</ITEM>
<ITEM>tri-umph</ITEM>
<ITEM>tri-bute</ITEM>
<ITEM>twi-light.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>V</HEAD>
<ITEM>Vain-ly</ITEM>
<ITEM>val-ley</ITEM>
<ITEM>va-pour</ITEM>
<ITEM>ve&s;-&s;el</ITEM>
<ITEM>vine-yard.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>U</HEAD>
<ITEM>U-nite</ITEM>
<ITEM>un-ju&s;t</ITEM>
<ITEM>u&s;e-ful.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>W</HEAD>
<ITEM>Writ-ing</ITEM>
<ITEM>wa-ges</ITEM>
<PB REF="12">
<ITEM>wed-lock</ITEM>
<ITEM>weigh-ing</ITEM>
<ITEM>whi-ther</ITEM>
<ITEM>work-man</ITEM>
<ITEM>writ-ten.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>Y</HEAD>
<ITEM>Yeo-man</ITEM>
<ITEM>yel-low</ITEM>
<ITEM>yiel-ding.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>Z</HEAD>
<ITEM>Zea-lous.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LG>
<L>Contemplate <HI>Vertue</HI>'s charms: her very <HI>name</HI></L>
<L>Doth <HI>fill</HI> and <HI>&s;weeten</HI> all the <HI>breath</HI> of <HI>Fame.</HI></L>
<L>Of old, fond <HI>Lovers,</HI> in the <HI>Bark</HI> of <HI>Trees</HI></L>
<L><HI>Incis'd</HI> their <HI>Mi&s;tre&s;s</HI> names, there to encrea&s;e.</L>
<L><HI>Vertue</HI> thy <HI>Mi&s;tre&s;s</HI> be: and <HI>write</HI> her <HI>name</HI></L>
<L>&V;pon thy <HI>heart,</HI> as <HI>clear</HI> as is thy flame:</L>
<L>And then no doubt<NOTE N="&dagger;" PLACE="marg">Ver|tue.</NOTE> <HI>two &s;yllables</HI> will &s;oon</L>
<L><HI>Bring</HI> unto thee <HI>wealth, honour</HI> and <HI>renown.</HI></L>
</LG>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 N="4" TYPE="chapter">
<HEAD>CHAP. IV. Paradigm<HI>'s of Words of</HI> three Syllables.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<HEAD>A</HEAD>
<ITEM>Ac-com-pli&s;h</ITEM>
<ITEM>ac-know-ledge</ITEM>
<ITEM>ac-cep-tance</ITEM>
<ITEM>ac-cor-ding</ITEM>
<ITEM>ac-quaint-ance</ITEM>
<ITEM>ad-vo-cate</ITEM>
<ITEM>af-flict-ed</ITEM>
<ITEM>af-ter-ward</ITEM>
<ITEM>an-&s;wer-ed</ITEM>
<ITEM>a&s;-&s;ur-ance.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>B</HEAD>
<ITEM>Back-bit-ers</ITEM>
<ITEM>bap-tiz-ing</ITEM>
<ITEM>bar-bar-ous</ITEM>
<ITEM>be-guil-ed</ITEM>
<ITEM>be-liev-ers</ITEM>
<ITEM>bla&s;-phem-er</ITEM>
<ITEM>ble&s;&s;-ed-ne&s;s</ITEM>
<ITEM>bar-ren-ne&s;s.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>C</HEAD>
<ITEM>Cham-pi-on</ITEM>
<ITEM>chan-cel-lor</ITEM>
<ITEM>ce-le-brate</ITEM>
<ITEM>cha&s;-ti&s;-eth</ITEM>
<ITEM>cheer-ful-ne&s;s</ITEM>
<ITEM>chro-ni-cles</ITEM>
<ITEM>chri&s;-ti-ans</ITEM>
<ITEM>cir-cum-&s;pect</ITEM>
<ITEM>com-mon-wealth</ITEM>
<ITEM>che-ru-bims</ITEM>
<ITEM>car-bun-cles</ITEM>
<ITEM>care-ful-ne&s;s</ITEM>
<ITEM>con-quer-ours.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>D</HEAD>
<ITEM>Di-vorce-ment</ITEM>
<ITEM>de-crea&s;-ed</ITEM>
<ITEM>de-ci-ded</ITEM>
<ITEM>de-fam-ing</ITEM>
<ITEM>de-&s;crib-ed</ITEM>
<ITEM>de-&s;ir-ous</ITEM>
<ITEM>di&s;-tri-bute</ITEM>
<ITEM>drow-&s;i-ne&s;s</ITEM>
<ITEM>de-trac-tor.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>E</HEAD>
<ITEM>En-large-ment</ITEM>
<ITEM>en-dea-vours</ITEM>
<ITEM>e&s;-pou&s;-als</ITEM>
<ITEM>en-croach-ing</ITEM>
<ITEM>en-cour-age</ITEM>
<ITEM>en-graft-ed</ITEM>
<ITEM>e&s;-ti-mate</ITEM>
<ITEM>e-qual-ly</ITEM>
<ITEM>ec-&s;ta-cy.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<PB REF="13">
<HEAD>F</HEAD>
<ITEM>Faint-heart-ed</ITEM>
<ITEM>for-ward-ne&s;s</ITEM>
<ITEM>frank-in-cen&s;e</ITEM>
<ITEM>fil-thi-ne&s;s</ITEM>
<ITEM>fa-vour-able</ITEM>
<ITEM>fur-ni-ture</ITEM>
<ITEM>for-bid-den.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>G</HEAD>
<ITEM>Gain-&s;ay-er</ITEM>
<ITEM>gar-ri-&s;on</ITEM>
<ITEM>gor-ge-ous</ITEM>
<ITEM>go-ver-nors</ITEM>
<ITEM>griev-ou&s;-ne&s;s.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>H</HEAD>
<ITEM>Hand-ker-chief</ITEM>
<ITEM>haugh-ti-ne&s;s</ITEM>
<ITEM>he-re-&s;ies</ITEM>
<ITEM>hu&s;-band-ry</ITEM>
<ITEM>hy-po-crite.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>J</HEAD>
<ITEM>Jea-lou-&s;y</ITEM>
<ITEM>Jeo-par-dy.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>I</HEAD>
<ITEM>Im-pla-cable</ITEM>
<ITEM>Im-put-eth</ITEM>
<ITEM>In-fam-ous.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>K</HEAD>
<ITEM>Ken&s;-ing-town</ITEM>
<ITEM>kin&s;-wo-man</ITEM>
<ITEM>kind-heart-ed.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>L</HEAD>
<ITEM>Liev-ten-ant</ITEM>
<ITEM>li-ber-tines</ITEM>
<ITEM>lan-gui&s;h-ed</ITEM>
<ITEM>lov-li-ne&s;s.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>M</HEAD>
<ITEM>Mi-ni-&s;ter</ITEM>
<ITEM>me&s;-&s;i-as</ITEM>
<ITEM>ma-je&s;-ty</ITEM>
<ITEM>me-di-cine</ITEM>
<ITEM>me-di-tate</ITEM>
<ITEM>ma-gi&s;-trate</ITEM>
<ITEM>main-ten-ance</ITEM>
<ITEM>mi&s;-chiev-ous.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>N</HEAD>
<ITEM>Nigh-tin-gale</ITEM>
<ITEM>nou-ri&s;h-ing</ITEM>
<ITEM>ne-glect-ing</ITEM>
<ITEM>ne-gli-gent.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>O</HEAD>
<ITEM>Ob-&s;erv-ed</ITEM>
<ITEM>off-&s;cour-ing</ITEM>
<ITEM>of-ten-times</ITEM>
<ITEM>o-ver-charge</ITEM>
<ITEM>op-pre&s;&s;-ing</ITEM>
<ITEM>out-land-i&s;h.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>P</HEAD>
<ITEM>Pa-tri-arch</ITEM>
<ITEM>pa-ti-ence</ITEM>
<ITEM>per-ceiv-e&s;t</ITEM>
<ITEM>per-&s;wa-ding</ITEM>
<ITEM>plea&s;-ant-ne&s;s</ITEM>
<ITEM>per-ju-ry.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>Q</HEAD>
<ITEM>Que&s;-ti-ons</ITEM>
<ITEM>quan-ti-ty</ITEM>
<ITEM>que-ru-lous</ITEM>
<ITEM>qui-et-ne&s;s</ITEM>
<ITEM>quar-rel-&s;om.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>R</HEAD>
<ITEM>Re-mem-ber</ITEM>
<ITEM>re-ceiv-ed</ITEM>
<ITEM>re-deem-er</ITEM>
<ITEM>re-main-der</ITEM>
<ITEM>re-proach-ed</ITEM>
<ITEM>re-pro-bate.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>S</HEAD>
<ITEM>Sa-cri-fice</ITEM>
<ITEM>Sa-cri-ledge</ITEM>
<ITEM>&s;chool-ma&s;-ter</ITEM>
<ITEM>&s;e-pa-rate</ITEM>
<ITEM>&s;e-pul-chre</ITEM>
<ITEM>&s;oul-di-er.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>T</HEAD>
<ITEM>Thank-ful-ne&s;s</ITEM>
<ITEM>ta-ber-nacle</ITEM>
<ITEM>ten-der-ne&s;s</ITEM>
<ITEM>te&s;-ti-fie</ITEM>
<ITEM>tri-umph-ing.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>V</HEAD>
<ITEM>Vain-glo-ry</ITEM>
<ITEM>va-ni-ties</ITEM>
<ITEM>ven-ge-ance</ITEM>
<ITEM>vic-tu-als.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<PB REF="13">
<HEAD>U</HEAD>
<ITEM>Up-right-ly</ITEM>
<ITEM>un-will-ing</ITEM>
<ITEM>un-wor-thy</ITEM>
<ITEM>up-per-mo&s;t</ITEM>
<ITEM>ut-ter-ance.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>W</HEAD>
<ITEM>Wan-ton-ne&s;s</ITEM>
<ITEM>wick-ed-ne&s;s</ITEM>
<ITEM>wil-der-ne&s;s</ITEM>
<ITEM>wit-ting-ly.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>X</HEAD>
<ITEM>Xe-no-phon.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>Y</HEAD>
<ITEM>Yoke-fel-low</ITEM>
<ITEM>Ye&s; ter-day.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>Z</HEAD>
<ITEM>Zo-di-ack</ITEM>
<ITEM>Zea-lou&s;-ly.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LG>
<HEAD>I.</HEAD>
<L>Hail great <HI>Tri-&s;yllable!</HI> eternal <HI>Three!</HI></L>
<L>Thou <HI>Three</HI> in <HI>One,</HI> and <HI>one</HI> in TRINITY!</L>
<L>Thou <HI>matchle&s;s</HI> and <HI>unfathomable</HI> My&s;terie!</L>
</LG>
<LG>
<HEAD>II.</HEAD>
<L>With Thee <HI>all</HI> &s;hould <HI>begin</HI> and all &s;hould <HI>end,</HI></L>
<L>If it end <HI>well:</HI> If't would it &s;elf <HI>commend</HI></L>
<L>To <HI>fame,</HI> and <HI>general u&s;e,</HI> it mu&s;t have Thee its <HI>friend.</HI></L>
</LG>
<LG>
<HEAD>III.</HEAD>
<L>Wherefore, let all <HI>true writers</HI> here <HI>agree,</HI></L>
<L>And with thy <HI>Pen-men</HI> all <HI>true Chri&s;tians be,</HI></L>
<L>And own this <HI>awfull truth,</HI> which is well worthy <HI>Thee.</HI></L>
</LG>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 N="5" TYPE="chapter">
<HEAD>CHAP. V. Examples <HI>of Words of</HI> four Syllables.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<HEAD>A</HEAD>
<ITEM>Ac-com-pli&s;h-ment</ITEM>
<ITEM>a-bo-li&s;h-ed</ITEM>
<ITEM>ac-know-ledg-ed</ITEM>
<ITEM>af-fec-ti-on</ITEM>
<ITEM>ap-pre-hend-ing</ITEM>
<ITEM>ac-cord-ing-ly</ITEM>
<ITEM>al-to-ge-ther.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>B</HEAD>
<ITEM>Bar-bar-ou&s;-ne&s;s</ITEM>
<ITEM>bla&s;-phem-ou&s;-ly</ITEM>
<ITEM>burnt-&s;a-cri-fice</ITEM>
<ITEM>blood-guil-ti-ne&s;s.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>C</HEAD>
<ITEM>Cir-cum-ci&s;-ing</ITEM>
<ITEM>con-cu-pi&s;-cence</ITEM>
<ITEM>con-&s;ci-en-ces</ITEM>
<ITEM>col-lec-ti-on.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<PB REF="14">
<HEAD>D</HEAD>
<ITEM>Di-mi-ni&s;h-ed</ITEM>
<ITEM>de-ceit-ful-ne&s;s</ITEM>
<ITEM>di&s;-ap-point-eth</ITEM>
<ITEM>de-&s;crip-ti-on</ITEM>
<ITEM>di&s;-po&s;-&s;e&s;&s;-ed.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>E</HEAD>
<ITEM>E-van-ge-li&s;t</ITEM>
<ITEM>e-&s;ta-bli&s;h-ed</ITEM>
<ITEM>en-dea-voured.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>F</HEAD>
<ITEM>For-get-ful-ne&s;s</ITEM>
<ITEM>foun-da-ti-on</ITEM>
<ITEM>fa-mi-li-ars.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>G</HEAD>
<ITEM>Ge-ner-ou&s;-ly</ITEM>
<ITEM>gor-ge-ou&s;-ly.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>H</HEAD>
<ITEM>Hy-po-cri-&s;y</ITEM>
<ITEM>hu-mi-li-ty</ITEM>
<ITEM>hu-mour-&s;om-ne&s;s.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>I</HEAD>
<ITEM>Ig-no-mi-ny</ITEM>
<ITEM>in-du-&s;tri-ous</ITEM>
<ITEM>i-ma-gin-eth</ITEM>
<ITEM>i-ni-qui-ty.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>L</HEAD>
<ITEM>Lov-ing-kind-ne&s;s</ITEM>
<ITEM>Li-ber-al-ly.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>M</HEAD>
<ITEM>Ma-le-fac-tors</ITEM>
<ITEM>mar-vel-lou&s;-ly</ITEM>
<ITEM>mag-ni-fi-cence.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>N</HEAD>
<ITEM>Not-with-&s;tand-ing</ITEM>
<ITEM>ne-ce&s;-&s;a-ry</ITEM>
<ITEM>ne-cro-man-cy.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>O</HEAD>
<ITEM>O-ver-throw-ing</ITEM>
<ITEM>op-pre&s;-&s;i-on.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>P</HEAD>
<ITEM>Pre-&s;ump-ti-on</ITEM>
<ITEM>per-ad-ven-ture</ITEM>
<ITEM>per-&s;e-cut-er.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>Q</HEAD>
<ITEM>Que&s;-ti-on-ing</ITEM>
<ITEM><GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 word"></ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>R</HEAD>
<ITEM>Re-bel-li-on</ITEM>
<ITEM>re-proach-ful-ly</ITEM>
<ITEM>righ-te-ou&s;-ne&s;s</ITEM>
<ITEM>re-demp-ti-on.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>S</HEAD>
<ITEM>Sump-tu-ou&s;-ly</ITEM>
<ITEM>&s;a-cri-fi-cer</ITEM>
<ITEM>&s;anc-tu-ar-ies.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>T</HEAD>
<ITEM>Tem-pe&s;-tu-ous</ITEM>
<ITEM>tran&s;-gre&s;-&s;i-on.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>V</HEAD>
<ITEM>Va-li-ant-ly</ITEM>
<ITEM>ver-tu-ou&s;-ly</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>U</HEAD>
<ITEM>Un-mer-ci-ful</ITEM>
<ITEM>un-cor-rupt-ed</ITEM>
<ITEM>un-be-liev-ers.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>W</HEAD>
<ITEM>Wel-be-lov-ed</ITEM>
<ITEM>won-der-ful-ly.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LG>
<L><HI>Four Syllables</HI> if you would <HI>under&s;tand,</HI></L>
<L>Mind well <HI>the&s;e words,</HI> how their <HI>divi&s;ions</HI> ly,</L>
<L>By <HI>which</HI> you may the <HI>harde&s;t</HI> then <HI>command</HI></L>
<L>And get <HI>perfection</HI> to your &s;elf <HI>thereby.</HI></L>
</LG>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 N="6" TYPE="chapter">
<PB REF="14">
<HEAD>CHAP. VI. <HI>Words of</HI> five Syllables.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<HEAD>A</HEAD>
<ITEM>Al-le-go-ri-cal</ITEM>
<ITEM>ad-mo-ni-ti-on</ITEM>
<ITEM>a-po-the-ca-ry.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>B</HEAD>
<ITEM>Be-ne-dic-ti-on.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>C</HEAD>
<ITEM>Cir-cum-&s;pec-ti-on</ITEM>
<ITEM>con-&s;um-ma-ti-on</ITEM>
<ITEM>con-fe-de-ra-cy</ITEM>
<ITEM>con-tri-bu-ti-on.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>D</HEAD>
<ITEM>Di&s;-o-be-di-ence</ITEM>
<ITEM>de-li-be-rate-ly.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>E</HEAD>
<ITEM>Ex-tor-ti-on-er</ITEM>
<ITEM>ex-e-cra-ti-on</ITEM>
<ITEM>ex-hor-ta-ti-on.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>F</HEAD>
<ITEM>Fer-ment-a-ti-on.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>G</HEAD>
<ITEM>Gu-ber-na-ti-on</ITEM>
<ITEM>ge-ne-a-lo-gy.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>H</HEAD>
<ITEM>Har-mo-ni-ou&s;-ly</ITEM>
<ITEM>hy-po-cri-ti-cal.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>J</HEAD>
<ITEM>Ju-ri&s;-dic-ti-on.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>I</HEAD>
<ITEM>In-cor-rup-ti-ble</ITEM>
<ITEM>in-&s;ur-rec-ti-on.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>L</HEAD>
<ITEM>La-bo-ri-ou&s;-ne&s;s</ITEM>
<ITEM>la-&s;ci-vi-ou&s;-ne&s;s.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>M</HEAD>
<ITEM>Ma-li-ci-ou&s;-ne&s;s</ITEM>
<ITEM>mi&s;-con-&s;truc-ti-on.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>N</HEAD>
<ITEM>Non-con-for-mi-ty.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>O</HEAD>
<ITEM>Oc-cu-pa-ti-on</ITEM>
<ITEM>op-por-tu-ni-ty</ITEM>
<ITEM>o-ver-&s;ha-dow-ed.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>P</HEAD>
<ITEM>Pre-&s;ump-tu-ou&s;-ly</ITEM>
<ITEM>pre-me-di-tat-ed.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>R</HEAD>
<ITEM>Re-&s;ur-rec-ti-on</ITEM>
<ITEM>re-&s;ti-tu-ti-on</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>S</HEAD>
<ITEM>Su-per-&s;crip-ti-on</ITEM>
<ITEM>&s;uf-fi-ci-en-cy</ITEM>
<ITEM>&s;u-per-&s;ti-ti-on.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>T</HEAD>
<ITEM>Tran&s;-mi-gra-ti-on</ITEM>
<ITEM>tri-bu-la-ti-on.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>V</HEAD>
<ITEM>Vic-to-ri-ou&s;-ly</ITEM>
<ITEM>vi-&s;i-ta-ti-on.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>U</HEAD>
<ITEM>Un-righ-te-ou&s;-ne&s;s</ITEM>
<ITEM>un-ac-cu-&s;tom-ed.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>W</HEAD>
<ITEM>Whi-ther-&s;o-e-ver.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LG>
<PB REF="15">
<L><HI>Plenty</HI> o'erwhelms, but no <HI>delight</HI> affords</L>
<L>In <HI>mu&s;ty</HI> Catalogues of <HI>Giant-words:</HI></L>
<L>Therefore with their <HI>tall Wor&s;hips</HI> I &s;hall be</L>
<L><HI>Short,</HI> in regard they have been <HI>long</HI> with <HI>me:</HI></L>
<L><HI>Plea&s;ure</HI> and <HI>u&s;e</HI> lies in <HI>Epitome.</HI></L>
</LG>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 N="7" TYPE="chapter">
<HEAD><HI>CHAP. VII.</HI> A <HI>Collection</HI> of Words of <HI>&s;ix</HI> and <HI>&s;even Syllables.</HI></HEAD>
<LIST>
<HEAD>A</HEAD>
<ITEM>Ad-mi-ni-&s;tra-ti-on</ITEM>
<ITEM>af-fec-ti-o-nate-ly.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>B</HEAD>
<ITEM>Be-a-ti-fi-ca-ti-on.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>C</HEAD>
<ITEM>Con-fec-ti-on-ar-ies</ITEM>
<ITEM>Cir-cum-lo-cu-ti-on.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>D</HEAD>
<ITEM>Di&s;-&s;i-mu-la-ti-on</ITEM>
<ITEM>De-nun-ci-a-ti-on.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>E</HEAD>
<ITEM>Ex-a-mi-na-ti-on</ITEM>
<ITEM>ex-com-mu-ni-ca-ti-on</ITEM>
<ITEM>E-le-e-mo-&s;i-na-ry.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>F</HEAD>
<ITEM>Fruc-ti-fi-ca-ti-on.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>G</HEAD>
<ITEM>Glo-ri-fi-ca-ti-on</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>H</HEAD>
<ITEM>Hu-mi-li-a-ti-on.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>I</HEAD>
<ITEM>Im-mu-ta-bi-li-ty</ITEM>
<ITEM>In-ter-pre-ta-ti-on.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>M</HEAD>
<ITEM>Mul-ti-pli-ca-ti-on.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>P</HEAD>
<ITEM>Pu-ri-fi-ca-ti-on.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>R</HEAD>
<ITEM>Re-ge-ne-ra-ti-on.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>S</HEAD>
<ITEM>Sanc-ti-fi-ca-ti-on.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>V</HEAD>
<ITEM>Vi-li-fi-ca-ti-on.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LG>
<PB REF="15">
<L>The longe&s;t <HI>words,</HI> and the mo&s;t tedious <HI>Arts,</HI></L>
<L>Are <HI>overcome</HI> by <HI>willing</HI> hands and hearts.</L>
<L>What <HI>Art</HI> &s;o <HI>hard,</HI> what <HI>Science</HI> &s;o <HI>ob&s;cure;</HI></L>
<L>That can the <HI>force</HI> of <HI>Indu&s;try</HI> endure?</L>
<L>The <HI>honour</HI>'s high of <HI>power</HI> and <HI>great command,</HI></L>
<L>But <HI>greater</HI> far it is to <HI>under&s;tand.</HI></L>
</LG>
<P>The&s;e words are &s;ufficient for any Learner, abundance of words di&s;courage more than they in&s;truct; for if a Youth can once &s;pell the&s;e, he may &s;pell any: tho&s;e of riper under&s;tanding and years need only read the&s;e words over; but it is very convenient for Youth to be carefully in&s;tructed to know them all.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 N="8" TYPE="chapter">
<HEAD><HI>CHAP. VIII.</HI> Of Sentences.</HEAD>
<P>ALL <HI>learned</HI> men in the <HI>&s;everal</HI> ages of <HI>humane race</HI> have highly <HI>approved</HI> of <HI>&s;hort Sentences,</HI> or expre&s;&s;ing a <HI>Thought</HI> in <HI>few</HI> words.</P>
<P>Tho&s;e which are of a long <HI>Ciceronian</HI> &s;train do not <HI>yet</HI> either want their <HI>excellencies</HI> or <HI>Admirers:</HI> but which of the <HI>two</HI> be&s;t <HI>de&s;erves</HI> the <HI>Lawrel,</HI> doth not belong to my <HI>purpo&s;e</HI> to <HI>di&s;pute.</HI></P>
<P>However, this is undoubtedly true of them <HI>both,</HI> that whether you are to <HI>write</HI> either the <HI>one</HI> or the <HI>other,</HI> it is your <HI>be&s;t way</HI> to begin the <HI>Line</HI> at every <HI>full &s;top,</HI> or <HI>end</HI> of a <HI>&s;entence.</HI> This <HI>di|rection</HI> indeed, if it were in <HI>all</HI> ca&s;es <HI>ob&s;erved,</HI> would take up <HI>too</HI> much <HI>room,</HI> and <HI>&s;well</HI> Books to a <HI>great Volume:</HI> and therefore a <HI>great Letter</HI> hath been <HI>appointed</HI> to <HI>begin</HI> each <HI>Sentence.</HI> But in <HI>writing</HI> any <HI>bu&s;ine&s;s,</HI> where we have room <HI>enough,</HI> I may <HI>recom|mend</HI> it not only as <HI>nece&s;&s;ary,</HI> but <HI>beautiful</HI> for the Readers <HI>atten|tion</HI> and <HI>delight.</HI></P>
<P>Some men have that admirable <HI>dexterity</HI> of <HI>epitomizing</HI> things, and <HI>couching</HI> &s;uch a <HI>world</HI> of <HI>excellent &s;en&s;e</HI> in a few <HI>happy expre&s;&s;ions,</HI> that the <HI>Readers</HI> not only <HI>admire</HI> them, but are <HI>rapt</HI> into an <HI>ec|&s;tacy</HI> in the <HI>contemplation. Examp. Gr.</HI></P>
<PB REF="16">
<P><HI>It is a madne&s;s in Youth, either not to endeavour good Advice, or not to believe till their peril comes upon them, and makes them &s;ee it to their &s;hame.</HI></P>
<P><HI>Errours by mi&s;takes &s;hould not be too rigorou&s;ly cen&s;ured; but wilful Errours &s;hould not be &s;pared.</HI></P>
<P><HI>Pray often, becau&s;e thou &s;ine&s;t always: Repent quickly, le&s;t thou die &s;uddenly.</HI></P>
<P><HI>He is a happy man, that hath all things he de&s;ires: but he who does not de&s;ire, the things he hath not, is happier.</HI></P>
<P><HI>Mi&s;tru&s;t no man without &s;ome cau&s;e; neither be credu|lous without proof,</HI> &amp;c.</P>
<P><HI>Hear no ill of a Friend, nor &s;peak any of an Enemy; Believe not all you hear, nor &s;peak all you believe,</HI> &amp;c.</P>
<LG>
<L>A <HI>Sentence</HI> is the <HI>miniature</HI> of <HI>Thought,</HI></L>
<L>And of what's truly <HI>great,</HI> a <HI>little draught.</HI></L>
<L><HI>Life, briskne&s;s,</HI> and <HI>proportion</HI> there, <HI>combine</HI></L>
<L>With an <HI>immen&s;ity</HI> of <HI>rayes</HI> to <HI>&s;hine.</HI></L>
<L>Not <HI>Ophyr</HI> Gold or <HI>Oriental</HI> Spice</L>
<L>Is <HI>like</HI> to the <HI>perfume</HI> of <HI>Sage advice,</HI></L>
<L>Or is &s;o <HI>glittering:</HI> no not <HI>Solomon</HI></L>
<L>More in his <HI>glory,</HI> than his <HI>Proverbs</HI> &s;hone.</L>
</LG>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 N="9" TYPE="chapter">
<PB N="29" REF="16" MS="y">
<HEAD><HI>CHAP. IX.</HI> Of <HI>Points</HI> or <HI>Stops</HI> u&s;ed in <HI>Sentences.</HI></HEAD>
<P>IN <HI>writing</HI> and <HI>reading</HI> of all <HI>Sentences</HI> and <HI>Writings,</HI> the <HI>Points</HI> and <HI>Stops</HI> are to be <HI>judiciou&s;ly</HI> ob&s;erved; otherwi&s;e we certain|ly <HI>&s;hipwrack</HI> the <HI>Sen&s;e</HI> by <HI>&s;ailing</HI> without the&s;e <HI>Guides.</HI> Upon <HI>which</HI> account I have <HI>here</HI> &s;et down not only the <HI>Stops</HI> and <HI>Pau&s;es,</HI> but al&s;o all <HI>Marks</HI> and <HI>Characters</HI> u&s;ed for the <HI>better under&s;tanding</HI> of what we <HI>write</HI> or <HI>read.</HI></P>
<P><TABLE>
<HEAD>Points <HI>or</HI> Stops.</HEAD>
<ROW>
<CELL>1. Comma</CELL>
<CELL ROWS="6">Characteriz'd <HI>thus</HI></CELL>
<CELL>,</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>2. Semi-colon</CELL>
<CELL>;</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>3. Colon</CELL>
<CELL>:</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>4. Period</CELL>
<CELL>.</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>5. Interrogation</CELL>
<CELL>?</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>6. Admiration</CELL>
<CELL>!</CELL>
</ROW>
</TABLE>
<TABLE>
<HEAD>Notes <HI>of</HI> Direction.</HEAD>
<ROW>
<CELL>1. A&s;teri&s;m</CELL>
<CELL ROWS="13">Figured in this manner</CELL>
<CELL>*</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>2. Hyphen</CELL>
<CELL>-</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>3. Caret</CELL>
<CELL>&caret;</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>4. Obelisk or dagger</CELL>
<CELL>&dagger;</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>5. Separation</CELL>
<CELL>=</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>6. Apo&s;trophe</CELL>
<CELL>'</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>7. Quotation</CELL>
<CELL>&ldquo;</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>8. Index</CELL>
<CELL>&rindx;</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>9. Parenthe&s;is</CELL>
<CELL>()</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>10. Crotchet</CELL>
<CELL>[]</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>11. Section</CELL>
<CELL>&sect;</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>12. Parallels</CELL>
<CELL>&Verbar;</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>13. Paragraph</CELL>
<CELL>&para;</CELL>
</ROW>
</TABLE></P>
<P N="1">1. A <HI>Comma</HI> (,) is the <HI>lea&s;t,</HI> but mo&s;t <HI>frequently</HI> u&s;ed of all, taking very <HI>little breath,</HI> as being almo&s;t <HI>every-where employed:</HI> As,</P>
<P><HI>The&s;e filthy Dreamers defile the Fle&s;h, de&s;pi&s;e Dominion, and &s;peak evil of Dignities,</HI> Jude <HI>v.</HI> 8.</P>
<P N="2"><PB N="30" REF="17">2. A <HI>Semi-colon</HI> (;) hath &s;omewhat a greater <HI>&s;tre&s;s</HI> than a <HI>Comma</HI> laid upon it, both as to the <HI>&s;en&s;e,</HI> and to the <HI>pau&s;e:</HI> As,</P>
<P><HI>Their throat is an open Sepulchre; with their tongues they u&s;e de|ceit; the poi&s;on of A&s;ps is under their lips,</HI> P&s;alm.</P>
<P N="3">3. A <HI>Colon</HI> is u&s;ed when there is <HI>full &s;en&s;e</HI> expre&s;t, but yet the <HI>Sentence</HI> is not <HI>quite &s;pent:</HI> As,</P>
<P><HI>Submit your &s;elves to every ordinance of man for the Lord's &s;ake: whether it be to the</HI> KING, <HI>as Supream,</HI> 1 Pet. 2.13.</P>
<P N="4">4. A <HI>Period,</HI> or <HI>Punctum</HI> (.) <HI>concludes</HI> the whole <HI>Sentence:</HI> As,</P>
<P><HI>Honour all men. Love the Brotherhood. Fear</HI> GOD. <HI>Honour the</HI> KING, 1 <HI>Pet.</HI> 2.17.</P>
<P>The&s;e <HI>four</HI> are truly <HI>intire Sentences</HI> of <HI>them&s;elves,</HI> and are <HI>ac|cordingly</HI> written with <HI>Periods:</HI> but any man con&s;idering the <HI>de|pendence</HI> they have <HI>one</HI> upon <HI>another,</HI> may write <HI>them</HI> and <HI>&s;uch like</HI> with <HI>Colons,</HI> except the la&s;t, which mu&s;t of <HI>nece&s;&s;ity</HI> be concluded with a <HI>full point.</HI></P>
<P N="5">5. A Note of <HI>Interrogation</HI> (?) is always plac'd after a <HI>Que&s;|tion:</HI> As,</P>
<P><HI>What advantage then hath the</HI> Jew? <HI>or what profit is there in Cir|cumci&s;ion?</HI> &amp;c. Rom. 3.1.</P>
<P N="6">6. A mark of <HI>Admiration</HI> (!) mu&s;t not be forgotten, when men <HI>lift</HI> up their <HI>hands</HI> or <HI>voices</HI> by way of <HI>wonder</HI> or <HI>exclamation:</HI> As,</P>
<P><HI>Oh Death! where is thy Sting? Oh Grave! where is thy Vic|tory?</HI> 1 Cor. 15.55.</P>
<DIV3 TYPE="explanation">
<HEAD>The Explanation of the Notes of <HI>Direction.</HI></HEAD>
<P N="1">1. An <HI>A&s;teri&s;m</HI> (*) is u&s;ed commonly in the <HI>Bible,</HI> when any <HI>Sentence</HI> or <HI>Hi&s;tory</HI> is <HI>alluded</HI> to, or may be <HI>compared</HI> with <HI>ano|ther.</HI></P>
<P N="2">2. A <HI>Hyphen</HI> is (-) a Note of <HI>continuation,</HI> or <HI>connexion;</HI> as <HI>Pal-mal, Common-wealth, workman &s;hip.</HI></P>
<P N="3">3. A <HI>Caret</HI> (^) is made under the <HI>Line,</HI> when a <HI>word</HI> or <HI>more</HI> is <HI>wanting</HI> and <HI>forgotten,</HI> &s;hewing where it mu&s;t be <HI>taken</HI> in.</P>
<P N="4"><PB N="31" REF="17">4. An <HI>Obelisk</HI> or <HI>Dagger</HI> (&dagger;) in the <HI>larger</HI> &s;ort of <HI>Bibles</HI> is ac|cu&s;tomed to <HI>refer</HI> from the <HI>matter</HI> to the <HI>margent,</HI> where it gives an <HI>account</HI> of the <HI>different readings</HI> of the <HI>Hebrew</HI> and <HI>Greek Co|pies.</HI></P>
<P N="5">5. A <HI>Separation</HI> (=) is when <HI>one half</HI> of a <HI>word</HI> is written in <HI>one line,</HI> and the <HI>other half,</HI> or a <HI>Syllable,</HI> is <HI>written</HI> in the <HI>next.</HI></P>
<P N="6">6. An <HI>Apo&s;trophe</HI> (') is &s;et <HI>over</HI> the <HI>place</HI> where a <HI>vowel</HI> is <HI>left</HI> out, as in the&s;e, <HI>'tis</HI> or <HI>it's</HI> for <HI>it is, train'd</HI> for <HI>trained, bus'ne&s;s</HI> for <HI>bu&s;ine&s;s.</HI></P>
<P N="7">7. A <HI>Citation</HI> (&ldquo;) is, when an <HI>Allegation</HI> out of an <HI>Author</HI> is recited at <HI>length</HI> in his <HI>own words.</HI></P>
<P N="8">8. An <HI>Index</HI> (&rindx;) <HI>points</HI> to &s;ome <HI>notable Saying</HI> or <HI>Sentence</HI> that ought not to <HI>e&s;cape</HI> without &s;ome <HI>particular remark.</HI></P>
<P N="9">9. A <HI>Parenthe&s;is</HI> () denotes, that the <HI>words enclo&s;ed</HI> mu&s;t be <HI>&s;ounded</HI> &s;omewhat <HI>different</HI> from the <HI>re&s;t,</HI> as being an <HI>Appendix</HI> to the <HI>Sentence</HI> that would be <HI>perfect</HI> without it.</P>
<P N="10">10. A <HI>Crotchet</HI> [] is much of the <HI>&s;ame nature</HI> with a <HI>Paren|the&s;is,</HI> and is <HI>u&s;ed</HI> when &s;ome <HI>extraordinary word</HI> happens, and ought to be <HI>di&s;tingui&s;hed,</HI> or another <HI>Sentence,</HI> or &s;omething <HI>far|ther</HI> to explain the <HI>meaning</HI> after a <HI>Parenthe&s;is.</HI></P>
<P N="11">11. A <HI>Section</HI> (&sect;) is when an <HI>ample</HI> di&s;cour&s;e is <HI>cut</HI> and <HI>di|vided</HI> into &s;everal <HI>larger portions,</HI> called <HI>Sections.</HI></P>
<P N="12">12. <HI>Parallels</HI> (&Verbar;) do often <HI>occur</HI> in the margents of <HI>Holy Writ,</HI> when a <HI>Sentence</HI> according to the <HI>Original</HI> may be otherwi&s;e <HI>phra|&s;ed,</HI> and the <HI>Sen&s;e</HI> not <HI>corrupted.</HI></P>
<P N="13">13. A <HI>Paragraph</HI> (&para;) u&s;ually <HI>precedes</HI> a <HI>Sentence</HI> which bears no <HI>dependence</HI> on what went <HI>before.</HI></P>
<P><HI>Pointing</HI> is of &s;uch great <HI>concernment,</HI> e&s;pecially to <HI>Scholars,</HI> and indeed to <HI>all;</HI> that the <HI>neglect</HI> thereof make Writings <HI>hard</HI> to be <HI>under&s;tood</HI> or <HI>read;</HI> and commonly that <HI>defect</HI> makes the true meaning either <HI>ignorantly</HI> or <HI>knavi&s;hly</HI> to be <HI>mi&s;taken:</HI> as</P>
<P><HI>My Son, if Sinners entice thee, con&s;ent thou not: re|fraining thy feet.</HI></P>
<P>Pointed otherwi&s;e, the Sen&s;e is perverted thus;</P>
<P><HI>My Son, if Sinners entice thee, con&s;ent thou; not re|fraining thy feet.</HI></P>
<PB N="32" REF="18">
<P>By <HI>mi&s;placing</HI> of <HI>Stops,</HI> or altogether <HI>leaving</HI> them <HI>out,</HI> to be at plea&s;ure <HI>put in</HI> by <HI>per&s;ons</HI> concern'd, much <HI>mi&s;chief</HI> has been <HI>done</HI> in many <HI>Places.</HI></P>
<P>In <HI>England</HI> that unfortunate Prince <HI>Edward</HI> the Second was barbarou&s;ly <HI>murthered</HI> by his <HI>Keeper</HI> in <HI>Pont-fract Ca&s;tle,</HI> (by the treachery of <HI>I&s;abella</HI> and <HI>Mortimer.</HI>) The Keeper [it &s;eems] &s;ent to <HI>Mor|timer</HI> to know what he &s;hould do with the <HI>King,</HI> who <HI>an&s;wered</HI> him by his <HI>Letter</HI> thus: <Q><HI>Edwardum</HI> occidere nolite timere bonum e&s;t.</Q></P>
<P>To kill King <HI>Edward</HI> refu&s;e to be afraid is good.</P>
<P>This <HI>Pa&s;&s;age</HI> in his <HI>Letter</HI> being <HI>without Stops,</HI> The <HI>Keeper</HI> well-knowing <HI>Mortimer</HI> had no <HI>kindne&s;s</HI> for the <HI>King,</HI> did as <HI>Mortimer</HI> truly <HI>meant,</HI> that is, <HI>kill'd</HI> the <HI>King;</HI> and when he was ju&s;tly <HI>que&s;tion'd,</HI> pro|duc'd the <HI>Letter,</HI> which <HI>Mortimer</HI> own'd, but <HI>confi|dently</HI> alledg'd that his meaning was <HI>otherwi&s;e: &s;uch</HI> ba&s;e <HI>Tricks</HI> perfidious <HI>Villains</HI> have practi&s;ed to <HI>per|vert</HI> Truth, and colour their <HI>Knavery.</HI></P>
<P><HI>Such Tricks</HI> are commonly <HI>impo&s;ed</HI> on the <HI>World</HI> by &s;uch <HI>villainous</HI> and <HI>diabolical</HI> Mi&s;creants and <HI>Impo&s;tors,</HI> who give &s;uch <HI>dubious Interpretations</HI> on the <HI>holy Scrip|tures</HI> to the <HI>&s;hame</HI> and <HI>confu&s;ion</HI> of <HI>Chri&s;tianity,</HI> after the Example of their <HI>Father</HI> the <HI>Devil,</HI> who know|ing him&s;elf not able to <HI>an&s;wer</HI> any thing truly out of the <HI>Heathen Oracles,</HI> reply'd to all <HI>que&s;tions cunningly,</HI> and &s;o <HI>dubiou&s;ly,</HI> that which <HI>way</HI> &s;oever the thing <HI>fell</HI> out, he was &s;ure to <HI>&s;eem</HI> to be in the <HI>right.</HI></P>
<P>For In&s;tance. Doctor <HI>Heylin</HI> in his de&s;cription of <HI>Delphos</HI> writes thus, <HI>Page</HI> 593, <HI>&amp;</HI> 594.</P>
<Q><PB REF="18">
<P><HI>Delphos</HI> renowned in <HI>old times</HI> for the <HI>famous</HI> Temple of <HI>Apollo,</HI> in which with that of <HI>Jupiter Hammon</HI> in <HI>Marmarica</HI> (now reckon'd as a part of <HI>Aegypt</HI>) were the mo&s;t <HI>famous Oracles</HI> of the <HI>ancient Gentiles:</HI> Dark <HI>Ridles</HI> of the <HI>Devil,</HI> couched and contrived with &s;o much <HI>cunning,</HI> that the <HI>meaning</HI> of them was mo&s;t <HI>hidden,</HI> when it was thought mo&s;t <HI>ea&s;ie</HI> to be <HI>di&s;cerned; In&s;tance</HI> of <HI>which,</HI> that gi|ven to <HI>Croe&s;us</HI> in the <HI>War</HI> by him <HI>projected</HI> again&s;t the <HI>Per&s;ians,</HI> which was thus delivered;</P>
<P><HI>Croe&s;us Halyn</HI> penetrans magnam &s;ubvertit opum vim.</P>
<L>When <HI>Croe&s;us</HI> over <HI>Halys</HI> goes,</L>
<L>A mighty Nation he o'erthrows.</L>
<P>which he <HI>interpreting</HI> according to his <HI>own hopes,</HI> cro&s;&s;ed the <HI>River,</HI> was <HI>vanqui&s;hed</HI> by <HI>Cyrus,</HI> King of <HI>Per&s;ia,</HI> and his <HI>Kingdom conquered.</HI> The like we find of <HI>Pyrrhus,</HI> King of <HI>Epyrus,</HI> who before he made <HI>war</HI> again&s;t the <HI>Romans,</HI> con&s;ulted with the <HI>Oracle,</HI> and <HI>received</HI> this <HI>an&s;wer;</HI></P>
<L>Aio te Aeacida Romanos vincere po&s;&s;e.</L>
<P>which <HI>doubtful</HI> Prediction he thus <HI>con&s;trued:</HI></P>
<L>Te po&s;&s;e vincere Romanos.</L>
<P><HI>That he &s;hould overcome the</HI> Romans; but he found it to his <HI>co&s;t,</HI> that the <HI>meaning</HI> was, <HI>Romanos po&s;&s;e vincere te, That the</HI> Romans <HI>&s;hould overcome him;</HI> as indeed it happened.</P>
<P>By another <HI>kind</HI> of the <HI>&s;ame fallacy,</HI> which the <HI>Logicians</HI> call <HI>Amphibolia,</HI> did this great <HI>Enemy</HI> of
<PB REF="19"> <HI>Mankind</HI> overthrow <HI>another,</HI> who demanding of the <HI>Oracle</HI> what <HI>Succe&s;s</HI> he &s;hould have in an <HI>Ex|pedition</HI> which he was in <HI>hand</HI> with, received his <HI>an&s;wer</HI> in the&s;e <HI>words;</HI></P>
<L>Ibis redibis nunquam per Bella peribis</L>
<P>which he <HI>thus</HI> pointing</P>
<L>Ibis, redibis, unquam per Bella peribis.</L>
<P><HI>Engag'd</HI> him&s;elf in the <HI>War,</HI> and was therein <HI>&s;lain:</HI> whereupon his <HI>Followers</HI> canva&s;ing the <HI>Oracle,</HI> found the <HI>meaning</HI> to be thus;</P>
<L>Ibis, redibis nunquam; per Bella peribis.</L></Q>
<P><HI>Several</HI> others, too long to <HI>relate,</HI> are written: &s;uch is the <HI>force</HI> of placing <HI>Stops,</HI> that men have <HI>mi&s;con|&s;trued</HI> their <HI>Friends meaning,</HI> either <HI>ignorantly,</HI> or <HI>wil|lingly,</HI> to <HI>excu&s;e</HI> them&s;elves.</P>
<LG>
<L>Points are the Compa&s;s, and the guiding Star</L>
<L>By which good Readers all directed are.</L>
<L>The life of Reading &s;weetly flows from thence;</L>
<L>The&s;e ill-regarded &s;hipwrack all the Sen&s;e.</L>
<L>The skilful Readers will the Sen&s;e pur&s;ue,</L>
<L>And charm their Hearers with their reading true,</L>
<L>Becau&s;e they can give Stops and Points their due.</L>
</LG>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 N="10" TYPE="chapter">
<PB N="35" REF="19">
<HEAD><HI>CHAP. X.</HI> Of <HI>Superfluous</HI> Letters, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></HEAD>
<P>THere is a <HI>further perfection</HI> in <HI>Spelling,</HI> which I &s;hall not much <HI>dwell upon,</HI> as not being &s;o <HI>material</HI> to my <HI>de&s;ign:</HI> but be|cau&s;e it is worthy of <HI>ob&s;ervation</HI> to the <HI>curious</HI> I &s;hall <HI>touch</HI> it a little;</P>
<P>And that is <HI>leaving out</HI> many <HI>&s;uperfluous</HI> letters, which may be <HI>omitted</HI> in &s;everal <HI>words,</HI> and the <HI>&s;ound</HI> and <HI>&s;en&s;e</HI> not <HI>lo&s;t:</HI> but to <HI>throw</HI> out all <HI>Letters,</HI> that are <HI>not pronounced</HI> (as &s;ome de&s;ire) would quite <HI>mar</HI> the <HI>&s;en&s;e:</HI> for by the &s;ame rule we leave out <HI>[ugh]</HI> in <HI>though,</HI> we ought to leave it out in <HI>bought, dough, bough, thought, cough,</HI> &amp;c.</P>
<P>It's true we may leave out <HI>[ugh]</HI> in <HI>though,</HI> and the like when the <HI>&s;ound</HI> will be <HI>good</HI> without it; but when the <HI>&s;ound</HI> and <HI>&s;igni|fication</HI> is <HI>lo&s;t</HI> by &s;uch <HI>omi&s;&s;ions</HI> it is not <HI>tolerable.</HI></P>
<P>Some of late leave out <HI>[k]</HI> in <HI>Mu&s;ick, Arithmetick, Rheto|rick, Logick, heroick</HI> and the <HI>like,</HI> which is <HI>allowable,</HI> the&s;e be|ing immediately <HI>derived</HI> from the <HI>Latine,</HI> which have no <HI>k,</HI> tho' the original <HI>Greek</HI> hath.</P>
<P>The <HI>&s;uperfluous</HI> and <HI>&s;ilent [u]</HI> may very well be left out in <HI>ho|nour, favour,</HI> &amp;c. for the <HI>pronunciation</HI> is the <HI>&s;ame</HI> without it <HI>ho|nor, favor, labor,</HI> and the <HI>&s;ound</HI> and <HI>&s;ignification</HI> are both <HI>pre&s;er|ved.</HI></P>
<P>But why &s;ome are for &s;uch a <HI>thorow-reformation,</HI> as to omit <HI>[p]</HI> in <HI>tempt, contempt, &s;umptuous, &s;ymptom,</HI> and the like, I know not, &s;ince the very <HI>&s;trength</HI> of the <HI>&s;ound</HI> re&s;ts on <HI>[p.]</HI></P>
<P>Neither can I be per&s;waded to leave <HI>[e]</HI> out at the end of <HI>bridge, pledge, acknowledge,</HI> becau&s;e the <HI>final [e]</HI> gives <HI>[g]</HI> its <HI>&s;harp &s;ound:</HI> for by the <HI>&s;ame rea&s;on</HI> we may <HI>leave</HI> out the <HI>[e]</HI> in <HI>oblige, huge, language, refuge,</HI> &amp;c. which would make <HI>[g]</HI> have its <HI>hard &s;ound</HI> and quite alter the <HI>&s;en&s;e.</HI></P>
<P>I could wi&s;h it were <HI>po&s;&s;ible</HI> to make a <HI>general Rule</HI> in the <HI>Engli&s;h,</HI> and <HI>leave</HI> out all <HI>&s;uperfluous</HI> Letters that are not in the <HI>pronunciation</HI> &s;ounded; for then <HI>[gh]</HI> might take its <HI>leave</HI> of <HI>many words:</HI> But fir&s;t to &s;atisfie the <HI>curious,</HI> we mu&s;t find <HI>&s;ome way</HI> to <HI>di&s;tingui&s;h</HI> the <HI>&s;ound</HI> of <HI>&s;ome words</HI> pronounced <HI>alike,</HI> but written <HI>&s;everally;</HI> as in the words following, &s;o much imputed by <HI>&s;tran|gers</HI> to the <HI>imperfection</HI> of the <HI>Engli&s;h</HI> Language, <HI>viz.</HI></P>
<Q><PB N="36" REF="20">
<L><HI>John Wright</HI> the Wheel-wright,</L>
<L>Can neither write, nor read right,</L>
<L>Yet hates a &s;uper&s;titious Rite.</L></Q>
<P>The&s;e words, likewi&s;e, are written <HI>differently,</HI> but pronounced almo&s;t <HI>alike, white, weight, wait, witt, wett.</HI> This &s;hews the <HI>impo&s;&s;ibility</HI> of a <HI>general Rule,</HI> &s;o much de&s;ired. <HI>The&s;e</HI> and the like, make <HI>&s;trangers</HI> a little <HI>unea&s;y;</HI> but to plea&s;e <HI>&s;trangers</HI> and make our Language <HI>familiar</HI> to their palat, we mu&s;t not <HI>con|found</HI> our &s;elves, as &s;ome would have <HI>done, come, &s;ome,</HI> and the like written thus, <HI>don, com, &s;om,</HI> becau&s;e &s;trangers think they are pronounced <HI>do-ne, co-me, &s;o-me.</HI> By this means we mu&s;t bring all <HI>other</HI> words, which more <HI>trouble</HI> them, to their <HI>humour.</HI> There are <HI>few &s;trangers</HI> that can pronounce the&s;e words, <HI>forbid|den, hidden, third, thought, truth, &s;loath,</HI> &amp;c. &s;o there needs no &s;uch <HI>care</HI> for &s;trangers, who can never <HI>attain</HI> to any <HI>perfection</HI> in <HI>Engli&s;h</HI> by <HI>Book:</HI> the onely way is by an <HI>able Teacher</HI> or by <HI>con|ver&s;ation</HI> among&s;t <HI>Engli&s;h</HI> people which I <HI>judge</HI> the <HI>be&s;t way.</HI></P>
<P><HI>Words</HI> derived from the <HI>Latine</HI> mu&s;t <HI>retain</HI> their <HI>natural Let|ters</HI> to &s;hew their <HI>derivation,</HI> as <HI>contemn, condemn, re&s;ign, reign, flegm,</HI> which come from the <HI>Latine</HI> words, <HI>contemno, condemno, re&s;igno, regno, flegma,</HI> &amp;c.</P>
<P>Some words the <HI>Engli&s;h</HI> pronounce contrary to the <HI>true Ortho|graphy,</HI> without any <HI>other rea&s;on</HI> (as I &s;aid before) but becau&s;e they pronounce nothing through the <HI>throat,</HI> and the&s;e are <HI>laugh, cough, rough,</HI> &amp;c. which by <HI>cu&s;tome</HI> are thus alter'd, <HI>laff, coff, roff,</HI> which &s;trangers al&s;o <HI>&s;tickle</HI> at. For conveniency we pronounce al&s;o <HI>&s;igh</HI> as with <HI>th,</HI> &amp;c.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 N="11" TYPE="chapter">
<HEAD><HI>CHAP. XI.</HI> Of Words, <HI>Spelt,</HI> or <HI>Sounded Alike,</HI> but of <HI>Different Significations.</HI></HEAD>
<P><HI>MAny</HI> words in the <HI>Engli&s;h</HI> Tongue are <HI>&s;pelt</HI> alike, and have <HI>divers &s;ignifications:</HI> and <HI>&s;ome</HI> again have <HI>various intenti|ons</HI> and are pronounced almo&s;t <HI>alike,</HI> which gives <HI>trouble</HI> to <HI>young Learners.</HI></P>
<PB REF="20">
<P>To prevent which, and to <HI>encourage</HI> the <HI>Learner,</HI> I have <HI>col|lected</HI> the <HI>harde&s;t</HI> of the&s;e <HI>words</HI> in an <HI>Alphabetical order</HI> as fol|lows,</P>
<LIST>
<HEAD>A</HEAD>
<ITEM><HI>ABator,</HI> an Intruder</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Abater,</HI> one that le&s;&s;ens</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Abettor,</HI> an A&s;&s;i&s;ter</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Account,</HI> E&s;teem</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Account,</HI> of Merchants</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Advice,</HI> Coun&s;el</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Advi&s;e,</HI> to give Coun&s;el</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Altar,</HI> for Sacrifice</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Alter,</HI> or Change</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Accidents,</HI> Chances</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Accidence,</HI> for Children</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Air,</HI> Element</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Heir,</HI> of an E&s;tate</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Appeal,</HI> to a higher Judge</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>A peal,</HI> of Ringing</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>A pail,</HI> for Water</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>A peel,</HI> for an Oven</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>A Peer,</HI> or Noble-man</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>A Pier,</HI> for Ships</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Appear,</HI> before one</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>A pear,</HI> fruit</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Aunt,</HI> a Father's Si&s;ter</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Ant,</HI> an Emmet</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Augur,</HI> a Wi&s;e man</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Augure,</HI> to bore with</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Attract,</HI> to draw</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>A Tract,</HI> or Di&s;cour&s;e</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>A Track,</HI> or Path</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Attribute,</HI> given, or appropriate</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>A Tribute,</HI> paid to a Prince</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>A&s;&s;ent,</HI> to con&s;ent</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>A &s;cent,</HI> or &s;mell</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>A&s;cent,</HI> or going up</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Sent,</HI> an errand</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>B</HEAD>
<ITEM><HI>Batcheler,</HI> or &s;ingle man</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Batchelor</HI> of Arts</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Ball,</HI> to play with</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Bale,</HI> or pack of Cards or Silk</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Ball,</HI> a Company of Dancers</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Bawl,</HI> or cry out</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Baal,</HI> fal&s;e God</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Bark</HI> as a Dog</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Bark</HI> of a Tree</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Bark,</HI> or Barque, a little Ve&s;&s;el</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Bear,</HI> a Bea&s;t</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Bear,</HI> or &s;uffer</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Bare,</HI> naked</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Bier,</HI> a Corps</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Beer,</HI> to drink</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Babble,</HI> talk Idlely</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Baubles,</HI> trifles</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Babel,</HI> confu&s;ion</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Bow,</HI> to &s;hoot</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Bow,</HI> or bend</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Bough</HI> of a Tree</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Boar,</HI> a Bea&s;t</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Bore</HI> a hole</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Buy</HI> with money</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>By,</HI> the Prepo&s;ition</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Buoy</HI> of a Ship</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Boy,</HI> or Child</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>By the Bie</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Blew</HI> as the wind</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Blue</HI> Colour</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Brute</HI> or Bea&s;t</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Bruit,</HI> or Rumor</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Bread</HI> to eat</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Breed,</HI> ingender</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Bred,</HI> taught</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Brede</HI> of Silk or Wor&s;ted</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Bowl,</HI> a Cup</ITEM>
<PB REF="21">
<ITEM><HI>Boul,</HI> to play</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Breath,</HI> wind</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Breathe,</HI> to blow &s;oftly</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Beray,</HI> defile</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Bewray,</HI> or di&s;clo&s;e.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>C</HEAD>
<ITEM><HI>Cavalier,</HI> a Souldier</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Caviller,</HI> Wrangler</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Council</HI> of the King</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Coun&s;el,</HI> advice</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Councellor,</HI> privy Councellor</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Coun&s;eller</HI> at Law</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Crew</HI> as a Cock</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Crue,</HI> a Company</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Cen&s;er,</HI> for In&s;ence</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Cen&s;or,</HI> a <HI>Roman</HI> Officer</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Cen&s;ure,</HI> or blame</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Cymbal,</HI> an In&s;trument</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Symbol,</HI> a mark</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Cittern</HI> for Mu&s;ick</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Citron,</HI> fruit</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Canon</HI> of the Church</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Cannon,</HI> a Gunn</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Cannion</HI> of breeches</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Carret,</HI> a Root</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Carract</HI> of Gold, whereof 18 make a <HI>Drachm.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>D</HEAD>
<ITEM><HI>Dame,</HI> or Mother</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Damm,</HI> or bank</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Damn,</HI> condemn</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Deer,</HI> Buck or Doe</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Dear,</HI> or co&s;tly</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Dear,</HI> mo&s;t affectionate</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>De&s;ert,</HI> for&s;ake</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Di&s;ert</HI> after meat</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>De&s;art,</HI> a Wilderne&s;s</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Decent,</HI> orderly</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>De&s;cent,</HI> going down</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>De&s;cent</HI> of an E&s;tate</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Di&s;&s;ent,</HI> di&s;agree</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Duke,</HI> a Title of Honor</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Duck,</HI> a Bird</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Demure,</HI> &s;ober, mild</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Demurr,</HI> doubt or delay</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Dew</HI> on the Gra&s;s</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Due,</HI> owing</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Doe,</HI> Female-Deer</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Do,</HI> or act</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Dough,</HI> to make bread</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>E</HEAD>
<ITEM><HI>Eminent,</HI> famous</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Imminent,</HI> at hand</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Exerci&s;e</HI> or labor</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Exorci&s;e,</HI> to Conjure</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Earne&s;t,</HI> Serious</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Earne&s;t,</HI> on a Bargain.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>F</HEAD>
<ITEM><HI>Flie,</HI> to make ha&s;te</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Fly,</HI> as a Bird</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Flie,</HI> an In&s;ect</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Flea,</HI> or <HI>flegh</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Fowl,</HI> Birds</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Foul,</HI> unclean</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Flower</HI> in a Garden</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Flour</HI> of wheat</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Floor</HI> of a hou&s;e</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Fair,</HI> beautiful</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Fare,</HI> entertainment</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Frie&s;e,</HI> cour&s;e Cloath</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Freez,</HI> congeal</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Fawn,</HI> or young Deer</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Faun,</HI> or flatter</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Form,</HI> or &s;hape</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Fourm,</HI> to &s;it on</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Feign,</HI> fal&s;ify</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Fain,</HI> de&s;ire.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<PB REF="21">
<HEAD>G</HEAD>
<ITEM><HI>Guilt,</HI> offence</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Gilt</HI> with Gold.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>H</HEAD>
<ITEM><HI>Heir</HI> to an E&s;tate</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Air,</HI> or wind</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Hair</HI> of the Head</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Hare,</HI> a Bea&s;t</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Heart</HI> of any thing</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Hart,</HI> a great Deer</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Head,</HI> or principal part</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Heed,</HI> mind</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Hoop</HI> of a Ve&s;&s;el</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Whoop</HI> or hollow</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Hue,</HI> or Colour</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Hue</HI> and Cry</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Hew,</HI> or Cut</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Hugh,</HI> a name.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>I</HEAD>
<ITEM><HI>In&s;ight,</HI> skill</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Incite,</HI> &s;tir-up</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Ingenious,</HI> witty</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Ingenuous,</HI> free, well-natur'd.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>J</HEAD>
<ITEM><HI>Joynter,</HI> a Tool.</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Joynture,</HI> a portion.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>K</HEAD>
<ITEM><HI>Kennel</HI> for Doggs</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Channel,</HI> water pa&s;&s;age.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>L</HEAD>
<ITEM><HI>Latine,</HI> a Language</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Lattin,</HI> Tinn</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Loo&s;e,</HI> or untie</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Lo&s;e,</HI> or neglect</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Lea&s;t,</HI> &s;malle&s;t</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Le&s;t,</HI> a word of caution</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Lettuce,</HI> an Herb</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Letice,</HI> a name</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Lattice,</HI> Cro&s;s barrs</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Leamons,</HI> Concubins</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Limons,</HI> fruit</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Lu&s;ter,</HI> a de&s;irer</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Lu&s;tre,</HI> &s;hining.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>M</HEAD>
<ITEM><HI>Manor,</HI> Hou&s;e</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Manure,</HI> to Till Ground</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Manner,</HI> fa&s;hion</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Mowe,</HI> Hay</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Mow</HI> of Corn</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Mortar,</HI> to build with</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Morter,</HI> to brui&s;e</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Morning,</HI> Sun-ri&s;ing</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Mourning,</HI> Lamenting</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Mu&s;sle,</HI> a Shell-fi&s;h</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Mu&s;cles</HI> of a Man</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Martial,</HI> warlike</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Mar&s;hal,</HI> an Office</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Mean,</HI> between two</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Mien,</HI> vi&s;age</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Mean,</HI> poor</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Mold,</HI> Earth</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Mould,</HI> or frame.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>N</HEAD>
<ITEM><HI>Nice,</HI> a Town</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Niece,</HI> or Brother's Daughter</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Nice,</HI> or dainty</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Note,</HI> or mark</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Not</HI> at all.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<PB REF="22">
<HEAD>O</HEAD>
<ITEM><HI>O,</HI> Exclamation!</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Ow,</HI> a debt</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Oh,</HI> alas</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Oar,</HI> or Gold du&s;t</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Or</HI> this, <HI>or</HI> that</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Oar,</HI> to Row</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Our,</HI> or <HI>ours</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Hour</HI> of the day</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>One</HI> thing</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>On,</HI> or <HI>upon</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Ordure,</HI> filth</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Order,</HI> or Commi&s;&s;ion</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Off,</HI> or far away, out of</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Of,</HI> concerning</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Only,</HI> &s;o much</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Onely,</HI> &s;ingular.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>P</HEAD>
<ITEM><HI>Pallet,</HI> to ly on</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Palat,</HI> or ta&s;t</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Pau&s;e,</HI> or &s;topp</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Paws,</HI> or Feet</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Per&s;on,</HI> or body</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Par&s;on,</HI> or Prie&s;t</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Precedent,</HI> forgoing</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Pre&s;ident</HI> or Example</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Power</HI> or Authority</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Pour</HI> out</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Pail,</HI> for water</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Peal,</HI> of Ringing</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Pale,</HI> ill-coloured</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Pall,</HI> or Her&s;e</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Prophet,</HI> or foreteller</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Profit,</HI> gain</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Plane,</HI> a Field</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Plain,</HI> &s;mooth</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Plan,</HI> or Model.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>Q</HEAD>
<ITEM><HI>Quarry</HI> of Stones</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Quarrel</HI> of Gla&s;s</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Quack,</HI> or pretender</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Quake,</HI> to &s;hake.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>R</HEAD>
<ITEM><HI>Right,</HI> or Ju&s;t</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Rite,</HI> or Cu&s;tom</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Wright,</HI> a Trade</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Write</HI> with a pen</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Reed,</HI> or Cane</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Read</HI> a Book</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Red</HI> Colour</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Retch</HI> out or &s;tretch</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Reach</HI> or fetch</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Rome,</HI> a famous City</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Rome,</HI> or wander</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Room,</HI> or Chamber</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Reign</HI> as a King</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Rein</HI> of a Bridle</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Row</HI> of Trees</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Roe,</HI> or Deer</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Row</HI> a Boat.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>S</HEAD>
<ITEM><HI>Sun,</HI> that &s;hines</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Son</HI> of a Father</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Soon,</HI> quickly</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Swound,</HI> or faint away</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Sound,</HI> whole</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Sealing</HI> of Letters</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Ceiling</HI> of a Hou&s;e</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Stares,</HI> or looks earne&s;tly</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Stairs</HI> of a Hou&s;e</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Some,</HI> or part</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Sum</HI> of money</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Streight,</HI> even</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Strait,</HI> or narrow</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Straight,</HI> by and by</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Statue,</HI> or Image</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Statute,</HI> or Law</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Suit</HI> at Law</ITEM>
<PB REF="22">
<ITEM><HI>Sute</HI> of Cloathes</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Sex,</HI> kind</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Sects,</HI> factions</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Seller</HI> of Goods</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Cellar</HI> for Wine</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Smock,</HI> a &s;hift</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Smoak</HI> of fire.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>T</HEAD>
<ITEM><HI>Than,</HI> in Compari&s;on</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Then,</HI> at that time</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>The</HI> man or thing</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Thee,</HI> or thy &s;elf</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Trade,</HI> or calling</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Tread</HI> under foot</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Tred</HI> as Birds</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>There</HI> in that place</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Their</HI> belonging to them</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>To,</HI> or towards</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Toe</HI> of the foot</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Tow,</HI> a Rope</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Too,</HI> al&s;o</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Two</HI> in number</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Tenor</HI> in Mu&s;ic</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Tennor,</HI> or form.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>V</HEAD>
<ITEM><HI>Vain,</HI> Idle</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Vein</HI> of blood</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Vial,</HI> a little Gla&s;s</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Viol,</HI> or Violin.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>W</HEAD>
<ITEM><HI>Wa&s;t</HI>-thou</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Wa&s;te,</HI> or &s;pend</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Wa&s;te,</HI> Emply</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Wai&s;t,</HI> ones midle</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Weight</HI> of Goods</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Wait,</HI> attend</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Wight,</HI> a man</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Whether</HI> of the two</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Whither</HI> do you go</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Week</HI> 7 dayes</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Wick</HI> of a Candle</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Walk</HI> in the fields</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Wake,</HI> or <HI>awake</HI> from &s;leep</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>Weak,</HI> not &s;trong.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<P>The&s;e are the <HI>chiefe&s;t</HI> and mo&s;t <HI>material words</HI> which are &s;ounded <HI>alike</HI> and &s;pelt <HI>differently,</HI> and ought to be <HI>carefully re|garded.</HI></P>
<P>It is very <HI>convenient,</HI> that <HI>Youth</HI> be in&s;tructed to know the&s;e <HI>words</HI> from <HI>careful Tutors,</HI> who may &s;et them a <HI>task</HI> to <HI>write over,</HI> and give a <HI>good Account</HI> of as <HI>many</HI> of them at a <HI>time</HI> as they are <HI>capable</HI> of: By which <HI>method</HI> and the <HI>other Rules</HI> in this Book <HI>pre&s;crib'd,</HI> I have taught <HI>young Per&s;ons</HI> of <HI>both Sexes</HI> to <HI>&s;pell En|gli&s;h</HI> very well who knew <HI>nothing</HI> of <HI>Grammar.</HI></P>
</DIV2>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 N="3" TYPE="part">
<PB REF="23">
<PB REF="23">
<HEAD>Engli&s;h Orthography. PART III. Containing <HI>directions</HI> for <HI>Writing</HI> and <HI>Folding</HI> of <HI>Letters Mi&s;&s;ive</HI> or <HI>Epi&s;tles.</HI></HEAD>
<DIV2 N="1" TYPE="chapter">
<HEAD>CHAP. I. Of <HI>Letters</HI> in General.</HEAD>
<P>THE <HI>excellency</HI> and <HI>u&s;efulne&s;s</HI> of <HI>Letters</HI> are &s;o <HI>univer&s;ally</HI> known and acknowledged by per&s;ons of <HI>all conditions</HI> and <HI>degrees,</HI> that an <HI>E&s;&s;ay</HI> in <HI>prai&s;e</HI> of them were as <HI>ridiculous</HI> as <HI>impertinent.</HI> All the <HI>world</HI> knows, how <HI>great</HI> their <HI>power</HI> is in the <HI>management</HI> of <HI>humane affairs</HI> both <HI>public</HI> and <HI>private:</HI> No <HI>man</HI> of <HI>&s;en&s;e</HI> can be ignorant what <HI>influ|ence</HI> they have in the <HI>&s;ecrets</HI> of every <HI>particular State,</HI> how fre|quently <HI>Plots</HI> and <HI>Con&s;piracies</HI> are <HI>di&s;covered</HI> by them, and that they are the <HI>be&s;t Fountains</HI> out of which an <HI>Hi&s;tory</HI> can be <HI>drawn.</HI> 'Tis &s;ufficiently <HI>known,</HI> that by them not onely <HI>Trade</HI> and <HI>Com|merce</HI> are <HI>maintain'd</HI> in any <HI>one Teritory</HI> but <HI>Traffic</HI> is <HI>maintain'd</HI> and <HI>upheld</HI> through the whole <HI>habitable Earth;</HI> and in <HI>conclu&s;ion,</HI> all people <HI>agree,</HI> that they are the <HI>life</HI> and <HI>&s;oul</HI> of <HI>Amity</HI> and <HI>Love,</HI> and that <HI>Communication</HI> by <HI>Letters</HI> doth almo&s;t <HI>contribute</HI> as much to the <HI>pre&s;ervation</HI> of <HI>civil Society</HI> among&s;t men, as the &s;a|cred <HI>obligation</HI> of an <HI>Oath.</HI></P>
<P>Wherefore, I &s;hall not dwell upon the&s;e <HI>Topicks,</HI> it being my <HI>De&s;ign</HI> only ro propo&s;e &s;ome <HI>plain in&s;tructions</HI> for the right <HI>wri|ting, &s;ealing</HI> and <HI>directing</HI> of ordinary <HI>mi&s;&s;ive Letters,</HI> and if my
<PB REF="24">
<GAP DESC="duplicate" EXTENT="1 page">
<PB REF="24">
<GAP DESC="duplicate" EXTENT="1 page">
<PB REF="25"> <HI>Rules</HI> &s;ometimes reach per&s;ons of a <HI>higher Sphere,</HI> I intend them rather for <HI>Ornament</HI> and <HI>&s;peculation</HI> than for <HI>u&s;e</HI> and <HI>Practice.</HI></P>
<P><HI>Fir&s;t,</HI> it is a <HI>great grace</HI> to <HI>Letters,</HI> to be <HI>clearly</HI> and <HI>punctually</HI> written without <HI>blotts</HI> or <HI>confu&s;ion.</HI></P>
<P>But it is &s;ufficient for <HI>men</HI> of <HI>Bu&s;ine&s;s</HI> to write <HI>Legibly</HI> and pretty <HI>free</HI> from <HI>Blotts,</HI> altho' it is very nece&s;&s;ary for young <HI>Gentlemen, Ladies</HI> and Youth in General to write Letters as <HI>well</HI> as ever they <HI>can;</HI> for it looks like <HI>Idlene&s;s</HI> or <HI>di&s;-re&s;pect</HI> in them not to <HI>write</HI> their <HI>be&s;t.</HI></P>
<P>All <HI>Letters</HI> and <HI>Petitions</HI> to <HI>Superiours</HI> mu&s;t be written <HI>fair</HI> and <HI>well,</HI> &s;ince the <HI>very writing</HI> gives a high <HI>recommendation</HI> to them.</P>
<P>The <HI>main Grace</HI> thereof con&s;i&s;ts in <HI>&s;pelling well,</HI> which hath been the <HI>de&s;ign</HI> of the <HI>two former parts</HI> of this <HI>Book:</HI> nothing is more <HI>ridiculous,</HI> than Letters <HI>ill &s;pelt,</HI> it arguing a <HI>mighty defect</HI> of <HI>Education:</HI> whereas on the contrary, to &s;ee a <HI>Letter</HI> from a <HI>Lady,</HI> or one who does <HI>not</HI> pretend to <HI>great Learning, well &s;pelt,</HI> doth add a huge <HI>lu&s;tre</HI> to their <HI>breeding,</HI> and is much <HI>prais'd</HI> and <HI>admired.</HI></P>
<P><HI>This,</HI> tho' it be very <HI>nece&s;&s;ary</HI> to <HI>good Education,</HI> and be e&s;teem|ed no <HI>&s;mall part</HI> thereof, yet is generally <HI>too much neglected:</HI> but it is certainly a <HI>great Error</HI> in mens <HI>judgments;</HI> for a man that can <HI>&s;pell well,</HI> is thought a <HI>Scholar,</HI> tho' he have but <HI>little Learn|ing,</HI> and <HI>Scholars</HI> who <HI>&s;pell ill</HI> (as <HI>&s;ome</HI> do) are thought <HI>Ignorant.</HI></P>
<P>As it is not <HI>&s;afe</HI> to <HI>&s;peak,</HI> &s;o it is much more <HI>dangerous</HI> to <HI>committ</HI> any <HI>&s;ecret</HI> to <HI>paper,</HI> whether it concern the <HI>State,</HI> your <HI>Friend</HI> or your <HI>Self:</HI> for, according to the <HI>Poet,</HI>
<Q><L><HI>Vox edita perit,</HI></L>
<L><HI>Litera Scripta manet.</HI></L></Q>
<Q><L>Words vani&s;h &s;oon, and vapour into Air,</L>
<L>While Letters on record &s;tand fre&s;h and fair.</L></Q></P>
<P><HI>Letters</HI> may be <HI>mi&s;carried;</HI> or they may be <HI>brought</HI> again&s;t you as a <HI>Witne&s;s,</HI> and in <HI>Law</HI> they are commonly accounted the <HI>be&s;t witne&s;&s;es.</HI></P>
<P><HI>Promi&s;es</HI> in <HI>Letters</HI> are <HI>bonds,</HI> and therefore it is <HI>prudence</HI> to write nothing in a <HI>Letter,</HI> but what you <HI>needs mu&s;t:</HI> how <HI>common</HI> is it to <HI>&s;ay,</HI> I have &s;uch a <HI>mans Letter,</HI> can he <HI>deny</HI> his own <HI>hand?</HI></P>
<Q><PB N="45" REF="25">
<L>While Oaths and Evidence &s;hall bear the Cau&s;e,</L>
<L>Men of &s;mall Con&s;cience little fear the Laws.</L>
<L>What Trade are you? a Witne&s;s, Sir draw near;</L>
<L>There's Coyn depo&s;e what I would have you &s;wear.</L>
<L>But of deceit in <HI>Letters</HI> there's no fear.</L></Q>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 N="2" TYPE="chapter">
<HEAD>CHAP. II. <HI>Of</HI> Super&s;criptions, <HI>and</HI> Appellations <HI>in</HI> Letters.</HEAD>
<P>YOU are to <HI>con&s;ider</HI> fir&s;t, <HI>to whom</HI> you write, &s;o that you may pay <HI>re&s;pect</HI> proper to the <HI>per&s;on,</HI> and give <HI>every man</HI> his <HI>due Title:</HI> and therefore you mu&s;t take <HI>e&s;pecial care</HI> fir&s;t of the <HI>Super&s;cription,</HI> which is <HI>two-fold.</HI></P>
<P>The <HI>fir&s;t</HI> lyeth <HI>within</HI> your Letter, and con&s;i&s;ts in <HI>beginning</HI> it <HI>aright,</HI> that is, <HI>Appellations</HI> proper to <HI>per&s;ons</HI> of all <HI>Ranks</HI> and <HI>Or|ders</HI> among&s;t men. The <HI>&s;econd</HI> I <HI>&s;hall</HI> con&s;ider in its due <HI>place</HI> and <HI>time.</HI></P>
<P>For your <HI>better In&s;truction</HI> I will here &s;et down &s;ome <HI>examples,</HI> how to <HI>begin</HI> Letters to per&s;ons of all <HI>Characters</HI> and <HI>Conditions,</HI> by which you may <HI>&s;ee,</HI> what <HI>Re&s;pect</HI> and <HI>Deference</HI> is due to them. But when you write to <HI>per&s;ons</HI> you <HI>know</HI> very well, or dare u&s;e <HI>familiarity</HI> with, you need not <HI>confine</HI> your &s;elf to any <HI>Rules.</HI></P>
<P>Among&s;t <HI>familiars</HI> and <HI>equals</HI> it is common to u&s;e no <HI>&s;uper|&s;criptions</HI> at the <HI>beginning</HI> but fall <HI>pre&s;ently</HI> to the <HI>bu&s;ine&s;s</HI> in hand, putting your <HI>Epithet</HI> or <HI>Title</HI> in a <HI>Parenthe&s;is</HI> thus:
<Q><L>Ye&s;terday <HI>(My Lord)</HI> I received yours, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></L>
<L>I &s;hall not fail <HI>(Sir)</HI> to obey, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></L>
<L>My urgent occa&s;ions <HI>(Dear Father)</HI> require, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></L>
<L>I came la&s;t night late from <HI>Wind&s;or: (Dear Harry)</HI> come and let me &s;ee thee, <HI>&amp;c. and &s;o on any exi|gence,</HI> &amp;c.</L></Q></P>
<P>Tho' it &s;hows a <HI>profound re&s;pect</HI> to u&s;e <HI>Super&s;criptions</HI> e&s;pecially to <HI>Superiours,</HI> yet I leave every one to his <HI>inclinations:</HI> it is &s;uffi|cient here to <HI>tell</HI> what is mo&s;t <HI>proper</HI> on <HI>&s;uch occa&s;ions.</HI></P>
<LIST>
<PB N="46" REF="26">
<HEAD>Forms <HI>of</HI> Super&s;criptions <HI>or</HI> Appellations <HI>in</HI> Letters.</HEAD>
<ITEM><HI>To the King:</HI> Sir <HI>(alias)</HI> May it plea&s;e Yo^r Maje&s;ty: <HI>or,</HI> Sacred Sir: <HI>or,</HI> Dread Sovereign.</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>To the Queen:</HI> Madam, <HI>or,</HI> May it plea&s;e Yo^r Ma^t^i^e,</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>To the Prince&s;s:</HI> Madam, <HI>or,</HI> May it plea&s;e Yo^r Roy|al Highne&s;s.</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>To a Duke:</HI> My Lord, <HI>or,</HI> May it plea&s;e Yo^r Gr.</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>To a Dutche&s;s:</HI> Madam, <HI>or,</HI> May it plea&s;e Yo^r Grace,</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>To a Marque&s;s:</HI> My Lord, <HI>or,</HI> May it plea&s;e Yo^r Lord&s;hip.</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>To a Marque&s;s's Lady:</HI> Madam, <HI>or,</HI> May it plea&s;e Yo^r La^p,</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>To an Earl:</HI> My Lord <HI>(ali&agrave;s)</HI> Right Hon^l^e.</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>To his Lady:</HI> Madam, <HI>or,</HI> Right Hon^l^e.</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>To a Vi&s;count:</HI> My Lord, <HI>or,</HI> Right Hon^l^e.</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>To his Lady:</HI> Madam, <HI>or,</HI> Right Hon^l^e.</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>To a Baron:</HI> My Lord, <HI>or,</HI> May it plea&s;e Yo^r Lo^p,</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>To a Barone&s;s:</HI> Madam, <HI>or,</HI> May it plea&s;e Yo^r La^p,</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>To all Ladies, and Gentlewomen indifferently:</HI> Madam,</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>To a Baronet:</HI> Sir, <HI>ali&agrave;s,</HI> Right Wor&s;hipful,</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>To a Knight:</HI> Sir, <HI>or,</HI> Right Wor&s;hipful,</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>To an E&s;quire:</HI> Sir, May it plea&s;e Yo^r Wor&s;hip,</ITEM>
<ITEM><HI>To any Gentleman:</HI> Sir, <HI>or,</HI> Much Honoured,</ITEM>
</LIST>
<P>&para; At the <HI>end</HI> of your <HI>Letter,</HI> Repeat the &s;ame again towards the <HI>left hand,</HI> thus:</P>
<P><HI>My Lord,</HI></P>
<P>Yo^r Graces mo&s;t, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
<PB REF="26">
<P>Tho' (as I &s;aid <HI>before</HI>) among&s;t <HI>equals</HI> and <HI>familiars</HI> you may u&s;e your <HI>di&s;cretion</HI> without <HI>Ceremony,</HI> (which is <HI>incon&s;i&s;tent</HI> with <HI>common Affairs</HI>) yet it is <HI>convenient</HI> to give <HI>Superiours</HI> rather <HI>too much</HI> than <HI>too little Re&s;pect.</HI></P>
<P>The &s;everal <HI>Degrees</HI> of the <HI>Engli&s;h Nobility</HI> are al&s;o <HI>differenced</HI> and <HI>Di&s;tingui&s;hed</HI> one from another by their <HI>Titles</HI> and <HI>En&s;igns</HI> of <HI>Honour.</HI></P>
<LIST>
<ITEM>A <HI>Duke</HI> hath the <HI>Title</HI> of <HI>Grace,</HI> and, when he is <HI>writt-to,</HI> may be &s;til'd, <HI>Mo&s;t High, Potent and Noble Prince.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A <HI>Marque&s;s: Mo&s;t Noble and Potent Lord.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>An Earl <HI>the &s;ame.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A Vi&s;count, <HI>Right Potent and Noble Lord.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>A Baron, <HI>Right Noble Lord.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
<P>When you write to a <HI>Per&s;on</HI> of <HI>Quality,</HI> you are to leave a <HI>great di&s;tance</HI> between the <HI>Super&s;cription</HI> or <HI>fir&s;t line</HI> and the <HI>&s;econd line</HI> or beginning of your <HI>Letter:</HI> for, the <HI>greater di&s;tance</HI> you leave the <HI>greater re&s;pect</HI> you &s;how; as you may &s;ee by the <HI>Examples</HI> of <HI>Letters,</HI> which I &s;hall have <HI>occa&s;ion</HI> to <HI>&s;how</HI> in the <HI>la&s;t Chapter</HI> of this <HI>brief Treati&s;e.</HI></P>
<P>When you write to your <HI>familiars,</HI> near <HI>Relations</HI> or tho&s;e you are very <HI>intimate</HI> with, <HI>great</HI> and <HI>lofty Complements</HI> are not &s;o well <HI>taken,</HI> which &s;eem to <HI>proceed</HI> rather from <HI>Affectation</HI> than a man's <HI>natural Addre&s;s:</HI> &s;o that the <HI>be&s;t way</HI> is to u&s;e your own <HI>fa|miliar</HI> and <HI>u&s;ual Expre&s;&s;ions.</HI></P>
<P>As the Title of <HI>Sir,</HI> or <HI>Ma&s;ter</HI> is generally given to <HI>all Gentlemen</HI> or <HI>others</HI> (tho' &s;ometimes <HI>mean Per&s;ons</HI>) &s;o the Title of <HI>Madam</HI> or <HI>Mi&s;tre&s;s</HI> is univer&s;ally be&s;tow'd upon <HI>all Gentlewomen</HI> and others (provided they be not of very <HI>Low</HI> and <HI>ba&s;e Condition:</HI>) &s;uch is the <HI>frank</HI> and <HI>Bountiful</HI> courte&s;y of <HI>England</HI> above other <HI>Nations</HI> to the <HI>Female Sex.</HI></P>
<P>The Title of <HI>Lady</HI> is not only attributed to all the <HI>Nobility,</HI> but likewi&s;e to <HI>others</HI> of <HI>lower Rank,</HI> that come under the <HI>notion</HI> of <HI>Gentlewomen,</HI> (who upon that Account are much in <HI>Arrears</HI> to the <HI>Engli&s;h Civility</HI> and <HI>re&s;pect</HI> for them) both in <HI>writing</HI> and <HI>&s;peaking,</HI> altho' in <HI>Law</HI> it is not <HI>allowed.</HI></P>
<P>To tho&s;e <HI>A-kin</HI> to us it is u&s;ual to a&s;cribe their <HI>degree</HI> of <HI>kind|red:</HI> as <HI>Dear Father,</HI> or <HI>Mother, Honoured &V;ncle,</HI> or <HI>Aunt, Lo|ving Brother,</HI> or <HI>Si&s;ter,</HI> or <HI>Cou&s;in:</HI> or in what <HI>other Epithets</HI> you plea&s;e to expre&s;s your <HI>affection.</HI></P>
<PB N="48" REF="27">
<P>This is indeed the <HI>common practice</HI> of <HI>England,</HI> but it would be interpreted great <HI>arrogancy</HI> or <HI>di&s;-re&s;pect</HI> in all other the mo&s;t <HI>polite</HI> and <HI>civiliz'd Nations:</HI> for no man ought to mention <HI>ano|ther's relation</HI> to him, but when it mu&s;t be <HI>acknowledged</HI> an <HI>honour</HI> to the per&s;on <HI>addre&s;s'd</HI> to.</P>
<P>When Per&s;ons, who are of <HI>near kindred</HI> write one to another, the Per&s;on of <HI>greater Quality</HI> may expre&s;s the <HI>degree</HI> of <HI>kindred</HI> in the <HI>beginning,</HI> but it better becomes tho&s;e of a <HI>meaner Cha|racter</HI> to do it at the <HI>latter end.</HI></P>
<P>And if your <HI>Condition</HI> be not <HI>conformable,</HI> it is wi&s;dom to <HI>con|ceal</HI> any <HI>pretence</HI> to <HI>great men,</HI> or to the <HI>rich;</HI> it being only <HI>pro|per</HI> for them to <HI>own</HI> you; and if you <HI>truely de&s;erve,</HI> they <HI>will.</HI> In men who are <HI>nece&s;&s;itated</HI> to live <HI>below</HI> their <HI>birth,</HI> it is great <HI>di&s;cretion</HI> to wave <HI>preten&s;ions</HI> to <HI>great things.</HI></P>
<P>'Tis generally ob&s;erv'd, that <HI>true Gentlemen</HI> are <HI>&s;ilent</HI> on &s;uch occa&s;ions; none but <HI>ba&s;e</HI> and <HI>mean-born</HI> pretenders to <HI>Gentility</HI> impo&s;e their <HI>Extravagant Brags</HI> on <HI>Company,</HI> and for their <HI>ridi|culous vanity</HI> are &s;till <HI>le&s;s e&s;teem'd.</HI></P>
<LG>
<L>"Fir&s;t, God's Commands, your Parents next obey:</L>
<L>"A thou&s;and Snares, Pride, Lu&s;t and Avarice lay.</L>
<L>Pretend not blood, or kindred to the Great,</L>
<L>But when the Truth is backt with an E&s;tate:</L>
<L>Who would not &s;mile to hear a Servile Clown,</L>
<L>Pretending kindred, honour and renown?</L>
</LG>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 N="3" TYPE="chapter">
<HEAD><HI>CHAP. III.</HI> Of Proems, or Introductions to Letters.</HEAD>
<P>IN the <HI>beginning</HI> it is <HI>cu&s;tomary</HI> and <HI>hand&s;ome</HI> to make &s;ome <HI>pre|amble</HI> or <HI>Introduction,</HI> which may u&s;her in the <HI>main &s;ubject-matter:</HI> and when this is done, your greate&s;t <HI>trouble</HI> is <HI>pa&s;t;</HI> for, then your <HI>thoughts,</HI> which were before <HI>bounded</HI> up by them&s;elves, run <HI>fluently,</HI> like an <HI>Exuberant River,</HI> that has found a <HI>new pa&s;|&s;age</HI> for its <HI>waters,</HI></P>
<PB N="49" REF="27">
<P>I &s;hall here for your <HI>farther direction</HI> &s;et down <HI>Forms</HI> to <HI>begin Letters</HI> withal, u&s;ed among&s;t <HI>all degrees,</HI> which you may make <HI>u&s;e</HI> of at your <HI>plea&s;ure:</HI> and, though you are not <HI>confin'd</HI> to <HI>my words,</HI> yet you may by reading <HI>the&s;e,</HI> be enabled to expre&s;s your mind &s;omething <HI>better</HI> according to your own <HI>particular fancy.</HI></P>
<P>The <HI>be&s;t</HI> of <HI>Secretaries</HI> &s;ometimes u&s;e <HI>this way</HI> of <HI>beginning,</HI> though they never <HI>tie</HI> them&s;elves up to <HI>Pre&s;criptions</HI> or <HI>Rules:</HI> but it is very <HI>convenient,</HI> that tho&s;e of <HI>meaner quality</HI> &s;hould u&s;e &s;uch e&s;pecially to <HI>Superiours.</HI></P>
<LIST>
<HEAD>Forms of beginning Letters.</HEAD>
<ITEM>YOU have oblig'd me &s;o much, that I am wholly at your command, and therefore, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>There is nothing in my power, but you may very freely com|mand, which is but the lea&s;t of my duty; &s;eeing, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>I cannot think of your goodne&s;s without admiration, &s;eeing I am &s;o far below your notice, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>I do acknowledge it is my duty to receive your commands with chearfulne&s;s, and, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Your merits have rendred your condition &s;o con&s;iderable, that you are the comfort and refuge of your Friends: wherefore, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>I e&s;teem my &s;elf mo&s;t happy in your corre&s;pondency, for di|&s;tance of place and length of time &s;hall never alter me, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Your ab&s;ence is very grievous to me; &s;o that either return quickly, or write oftner, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>If it were as ea&s;ie to convince, as to accu&s;e, men would be in a much better &s;tate, and, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>If you expect thanks &s;uteable to your favours, I be&s;eech you teach me in what manner to return them, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The news of your good Fortune was no &s;mall joy to me.</ITEM>
<ITEM>If wi&s;hes would do, you may ea&s;ily conjecture what I would do.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Having the opportunity of this Bearer, I could not omit to tell you, that, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Yours I r<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters">eived Ye&s;terday of the 13th in&s;tant, wherein you are plea&s;ed to acquaint me, that, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>All the News here in Town at pre&s;ent, is that, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Your friend&s;hip is &s;o nece&s;&s;ary to me, that all my other happi|ne&s;s would be imperfect without it, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Yours I received with great &s;atisfaction, and I return you ma|ny thanks for, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<PB N="50" REF="28">
<ITEM>The obligations you daily lay upon me, do very much &s;urprize me, becau&s;e I cannot find any occa&s;ion to expre&s;s my Gratitude.</ITEM>
<ITEM>I received your kind Token by your good Friend <HI>J. R.</HI> for which I return you my humble thanks.</ITEM>
<ITEM>If you expect Complements from me, you may chance to be di&s;appointed; for I am a profe&s;&s;ed Enemy to them, being a gen|tile way of telling a Ly.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Though you are out of my reach, yet you are not out of my remembrance: for, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>I e&s;teem my &s;elf very fortunate, becau&s;e I retain your good opinion, and, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The &s;ame ob&s;ervance that a Father may claim from a Child, your kindne&s;s hath oblig'd me to, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>If you think me unworthy of an an&s;wer, pray &s;end me my own Letter back again.</ITEM>
<ITEM>My la&s;t to you was of the 14th of <HI>December</HI> la&s;t, but having re|ceived no An&s;wer, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>I pre&s;ume my la&s;t came &s;afe to your hands, and therefore, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Since you have provok'd me, I mu&s;t make bold to tell you, that Friends and Acquaintance wou'd not know what to do with them&s;elves, if it were not for this ble&s;&s;ed Art of Writing, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>I no &s;ooner received yours, but, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>If I had not a great e&s;teem of your Sincerity, I could hardly dige&s;t what I am told, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Were I as able as I am willing, words &s;hould &s;oon be turn'd into actions.</ITEM>
<ITEM>It is gratitude to receive a good turn civilly, to retain it in mind, and acknowledge it, but mo&s;t of all to endeavour to re|quite it: and therefore, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>You need not reque&s;t, but command me, &s;ince by obliging you I content my &s;elf.</ITEM>
<ITEM>If Letters were as &s;wift as wi&s;hes, You may a&s;&s;ure your &s;elf, that, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>You need not complement at this rate: for your favour and corre&s;pondence is &s;ufficient reward for my &s;mall endeavours.</ITEM>
<ITEM>I need not be put in mind of your Affairs: Your generous Actions will never be blotted out of my memory, nor, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>I hereby &s;end you my due and humble thanks for all your kindne&s;&s;es, but e&s;pecially for, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>According to the advice you &s;ent me in your la&s;t, I, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Life is a load without Friend&s;hip, and therefore, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>By this I &s;ee, that honour and preferment are rather the re|wards of Flattery and Intere&s;t than of Vertue.</ITEM>
<PB N="51" REF="28">
<ITEM>You have given &s;uch demon&s;trations of your goodne&s;s, that it would be ingrateful to que&s;tion it.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Complements will not pa&s;s among tho&s;e who can di&s;cern re|&s;emblance from reality: upon which account, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Since I had the honour of your Acquaintance, I have fre|quently received te&s;timonies of your Love, and particularly, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The Court now affords little news, but, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Gratitude is the poor mans vertue; and &s;eeing I cannot be li|beral, I will endeavour not to be unmindful of, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Your favours to me are &s;o far above my merits, that they &s;ur|pa&s;s my gratitude.</ITEM>
<ITEM>According to my promi&s;e and that portion of obedience I ow your Commands, I here renew my prote&s;tations (after having rendred you many thanks for your la&s;t, and for the good news therein) that I will certainly, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Next under God, I look upon you to be my be&s;t Friend upon Earth: I have found it &s;o, and I will evermore own it.</ITEM>
<ITEM>You have been ready on all occa&s;ions to oblige me, and there|fore, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
<P>Having <HI>once</HI> begun your <HI>Epi&s;tle</HI> with <HI>the&s;e</HI> or <HI>&s;uch like Expre&s;|&s;ions,</HI> you may <HI>proceed</HI> according to your <HI>occa&s;ions,</HI> for <HI>that which is once well begun, is half ended:</HI></P>
<LG>
<L>Dimidium facti, qui ben&egrave; coepit, habet.</L>
</LG>
<LG>
<L>He hath his work half done,</L>
<L>That hath it well begun.</L>
</LG>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 N="4" TYPE="chapter">
<HEAD><HI>CHAP. IV.</HI> Of the <HI>main Subject,</HI> and of the <HI>Conclu&s;ions</HI> of <HI>Letters</HI></HEAD>
<P>AFTER you have <HI>begun</HI> your <HI>Letters</HI> with &s;ome &s;uch Expre&s;|&s;ion as I have mention'd in the <HI>la&s;t Chapter,</HI> according to the <HI>quality</HI> of the <HI>per&s;on,</HI> or your own <HI>di&s;cretion,</HI> you may <HI>proceed</HI> and <HI>declare</HI> your <HI>mind</HI> in your own <HI>natural terms,</HI> u&s;ing <HI>&s;hort periods.</HI></P>
<P>Shun <HI>vain Repetitions</HI> and <HI>Cramp words;</HI> the <HI>ea&s;ie&s;t</HI> and <HI>plaine&s;<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter"></HI> &s;tyle being mo&s;t <HI>u&s;ual</HI> and <HI>commendable,</HI> as it is the <HI>&s;tyle</HI> of al<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">
<PB N="52" REF="29"> <HI>Languages</HI> and <HI>Conver&s;ation:</HI> Wherefore let it be <HI>furni&s;h'd</HI> and <HI>compacted</HI> with the be&s;t, <HI>choice&s;t</HI> and mo&s;t <HI>familiar words,</HI> nei|ther going <HI>before,</HI> or coming <HI>after</HI> the <HI>u&s;e</HI> of the <HI>age</HI> you live in, nor <HI>con&s;i&s;ting</HI> of either <HI>antiquated</HI> or &s;uch new <HI>up&s;tart words,</HI> as our <HI>Pamphlets</HI> and <HI>Novels</HI> daily introduce.</P>
<P>Avoid all <HI>ob&s;curity</HI> in expre&s;&s;ing your &s;elf in <HI>&s;uch terms,</HI> as men &s;hall rather <HI>admire</HI> than <HI>under&s;tand. Choice</HI> Sentences and <HI>wittie</HI> Expre&s;&s;ions being the be&s;t, <HI>fitted</HI> to the <HI>humour</HI> and <HI>capacity</HI> of the <HI>Per&s;on</HI> you write unto. You are to <HI>con&s;ider,</HI> what will be regar|ded with <HI>be&s;t attention,</HI> and next what will leave the <HI>&s;weete&s;t re|li&s;h</HI> and <HI>impre&s;&s;ion</HI> in the <HI>mind.</HI></P>
<P><HI>Brevitie</HI> is a great <HI>grace</HI> to Letters: you are therefore to <HI>exa|mine</HI> your &s;elf, and <HI>&s;tudy</HI> to <HI>expre&s;s</HI> your mind in the mo&s;t <HI>&s;igni|ficant Engli&s;h</HI> words you can think of, and <HI>convenient</HI> for the pre|&s;ent <HI>bu&s;ine&s;s</HI> in <HI>hand.</HI></P>
<P>This you may do by avoiding <HI>Idle Complements, Prefaces</HI> and <HI>Prote&s;tations,</HI> keeping clo&s;e to the <HI>matter</HI> before you without <HI>vain circuits</HI> of <HI>figures, digre&s;&s;ions, conjunctions</HI> and <HI>flouri&s;hes</HI> of preten|ded <HI>Rhetoric.</HI></P>
<P>If you write to your <HI>Superiour,</HI> you are bound to con&s;ider in him the&s;e things; <HI>fir&s;t,</HI> your <HI>intere&s;t</HI> in him, <HI>&s;econdly,</HI> his <HI>capa|city,</HI> (for all men are not alike <HI>gifted) thirdly,</HI> his <HI>lea&s;ure.</HI> You are <HI>oblig'd</HI> to the greater <HI>brevity,</HI> as his <HI>place</HI> is of greater <HI>concern,</HI> or care: For <HI>long</HI> and <HI>tedious</HI> Letters are very <HI>trouble&s;ome</HI> to <HI>Rea|ders.</HI></P>
<P>And &s;ince <HI>practice</HI> and <HI>u&s;e</HI> in a thing brings <HI>perfection,</HI> there|fore to be <HI>ready</HI> and <HI>perfect</HI> you mu&s;t write <HI>often.</HI></P>
<P><HI>La&s;tly,</HI> when you have &s;aid <HI>all</HI> you have to &s;ay, <HI>conclude</HI> your Letter with &s;ome &s;hort <HI>a&s;&s;everation</HI> of your <HI>affections</HI> in the <HI>follow|ing,</HI> or the <HI>like words,</HI> not u&s;ing always the <HI>&s;ame words,</HI> as ma|ny do.</P>
<LIST>
<HEAD>Forms <HI>of</HI> concluding <HI>Letters.</HI></HEAD>
<ITEM>IF I &s;hall prove &s;o fortunate, as to be remembred by you, it will be a great obligation upon Your, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>This great kindne&s;s &s;hall never be forgotten by, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Such great favours as I have received can never be forgotten but with ingratitude by, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>You have conferr'd &s;uch obligations unde&s;ervedly upon me; that, &s;ince they can never be requited, they &s;hall never be for|gotten by, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<PB N="53" REF="29">
<ITEM>There is nothing I de&s;ire more than to be continued Yours, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>There is nothing I value more than your favour, &s;o that I hope nothing can per&s;wade you that I am not Your, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>That God would ble&s;s you with all earthly ble&s;&s;ings, and give you contentment here and hereafter, &s;hall be the con&s;tant prayers of, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When I think on your favours, and my de&s;erts, I cannot but admire your goodne&s;s, and &s;hall on all occa&s;ions continue Your, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>You have &s;o much obliged me, that upon all occa&s;ions I mu&s;t acknowledge my &s;elf Your, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>In the mean time, remember, that I am Your, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>I &s;hall &s;ooner forget my own name, than the obligation to be Your, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>There is nothing more plea&s;ing to me than to have an oppor|tunity to &s;hew how much I am, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>I humbly beg, that you would be pleas'd to own me to be Your, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>I mu&s;t repay all your kindne&s;s with the uncurrent Coin of thanks, being all the Trea&s;ure of Your, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Your favours have &s;o much &s;urpriz'd me, that I want words to expre&s;s, how much I am Your, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>I am &s;o far below your notice, that I admire your goodne&s;s the more in be&s;towing your favours &s;o liberally on a per&s;on, who was oblig'd to be Your, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Your favours are &s;o far beyond my merits, that they are alto|gether above my gratitude: it lies onely in my power to con|tinue Your, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>In doing this, you will confer an obligation beyond expre&s;&s;ion upon Your, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>And this I de&s;ire may be regi&s;tred among&s;t the re&s;t of the ob|ligations of Your, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>It is my ambition to be continued Your, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>I know nothing more at pre&s;ent, but that I am, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>I e&s;teem my &s;elf fortunate in having this opportunity to &s;hew, that I am Your, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>If this can plea&s;ure you, you &s;hall upon all occa&s;ions be &s;up|plied by Your, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>It is honour enough for me to be continued Your, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Your Countenance is no &s;mall encouragement to Your, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>I am very proud of your acquaintance; and if you will ho|nour me with the continuance thereof, you will oblige Your, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<PB N="54" REF="30">
<ITEM>I hope you will pardon my failings, your goodne&s;s being as great as my de&s;ire to continue Your, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>I a&s;&s;ure you, no man living can be more, than I am Your, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Whatever happens, I am re&s;olv'd to continue Your, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>I cannot either be melancholy or mi&s;erable, &s;o long as you are pleas'd to continue me in quality of Your, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>I wi&s;h I could be &s;o fortunate, as to tell you face to face how much I am Your, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Pray pardon my tedious Expre&s;&s;ions, &s;ince I cannot refrain to repeat the many obligations you have put upon Your, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>I &s;hall be ready upon all occa&s;ions to di&s;charge that duty, which your kindne&s;s requires from Your, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>If you will grant this my humble reque&s;t, it will be a great ob|ligation upon Your, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>I wi&s;h I had any &s;uitable occa&s;ion to demon&s;trate how much I am Your, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>I hope you will accept of this imperfect acknowledgment, till I am able to give a perfect te&s;timony, that I am, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>There are many more able, but none more willing than, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>If I had power equivalent to my will, there &s;hould be no man more &s;erviceable than, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>I &s;o much honour you, that it is impo&s;&s;ible you &s;hould want perfect happine&s;s, were it in the power of Your, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>I wi&s;h it were in my power to make my Actions demon&s;trate, how much I am, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Were my Actions as ea&s;ie to me as words, I &s;hould &s;oon con|vince you that I am Your, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>If in my imployment I could be any ways &s;erviceable to you, it is my intere&s;t to be Your, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The great obligations I have from you have engag'd me to live and die Your, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>My living depends altogether on my liberty, and &s;o for both I am oblig'd to be Your, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>This with my humble &s;ervice is all from, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Live plea&s;antly, bani&s;h melancholy, and remember Your, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Humbly begging the continuance of your kindne&s;s, I re&s;t Your, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Pray remember me kindly to all friends; and when you can &s;pare time, be&s;tow a thought committed to a &s;mall piece of paper upon Your, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>This with my kind re&s;pects to you and your worthy Lady, and my &s;ervice where it is due, is all from Your, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<PB REF="30">
<ITEM>So may all health and happine&s;s attend you, according to the wi&s;hes of Your, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Believe it, <HI>Sir,</HI> any Commands from you &s;hall be welcome to, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When any thing of moment or importance fals out, I hope you will think upon, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Fare well, <HI>kind Sir,</HI> the continuance of your corre&s;pondence in pure love and friend&s;hip will be very acceptable to Your, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>That you may have a pro&s;perous Journey, and a happy return, &s;hall be the con&s;tant prayers of Your, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Many things are changeable, but I am &s;till Your, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>If you think any thing can alter my affection, you are much mi&s;taken in Your, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>I &s;hall ever count my &s;elf happy, &s;o long as you are plea&s;ed to continue me Your, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>You need not put me in mind of your affairs here, &s;ince I am re&s;olved to make no difference between your intere&s;t, and that of Your, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>In this I &s;hall not implore your belief, de&s;iring to let you &s;ee by effects rather than words, that I am without complement Your, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>You may have more powerfull and con&s;iderable Servants, but none more than my &s;elf Your, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Keep your Complements for Strangers, and remember to u&s;e more familiarity with Your, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>I do not que&s;tion your power or your will, which makes me believe you will comply with this occa&s;ion to oblige Your, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>If I had as often occa&s;ions to &s;erve you, as I have to write, my Actions &s;hould declare, that I am, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Return your an&s;wer quickly, if you love the quiet of, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>If I thought my ab&s;ence could occa&s;ion your di&s;qui<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="MURP" EXTENT="2 letters">, or my pre&s;ence were nece&s;&s;ary to your &s;ervice, you &s;hould &s;ee by my &s;peedy return, how much I am, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>The unwelcome news of your &s;ickne&s;s is the greate&s;t grief could happen to, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>In doing &s;o, you will confer an obligation beyond expre&s;&s;ion upon, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Your countenance is no &s;mall encouragement to Your, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>If Idle Reports can di&s;gu&s;t you, it &s;hall never alter Your, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>It lies not in the power of either foes or flattery, to alter my re&s;olution to be Your, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>If you doubt of the truth of my Inclinations to &s;erve you, your Commands will make the be&s;t proof that I am Your, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<PB REF="31">
<ITEM>I can never think of your favours, but it renews the remem|brance of my engagements to be Your, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>There is nothing I hate more than ingratitude; yet I am con|tent to be called ingrateful when I &s;hall cea&s;e to be Your, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>I &s;hall never prove &s;o ungrateful as not to confe&s;s my &s;elf Your, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When the world &s;peaks wor&s;t of me, it is &s;ome comfort to my Con&s;cience that I find not my &s;elf &s;o vicious as to forget what obligations I have to be Your, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>I beg your acceptance of this te&s;timony of my gratitude and my earne&s;t de&s;ires to de&s;erve the name of Your, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Though there is a deficiency in my expre&s;&s;ions, yet there is none in my inclinations to be Your, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>I take it as a great favour that you employ me in any thing that may conduce to your contentment, becau&s;e I am very ambitious to be Your, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>That God would &s;end you a happy Journey, and a &s;afe return, &s;hall be the con&s;tant prayers of Your, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Since nothing el&s;e will &s;erve you, I ki&s;s your hands, and &s;ub|&s;cribe my &s;elf yours as you de&s;erve, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>I will conclude at pre&s;ent, but never cea&s;e to be Your, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>I humbly de&s;ire the help of your prayers for the pro&s;perity of Your, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>When you pray, I hope you will always remember Your, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>And I hope the God of Heaven will pro&s;per the endeavours of, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>You may freely command what&s;oever lies in the power of Your, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>In which hopes I re&s;t Your, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>I am fully convinc'd of your love by its good effects towards Your, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>I would do a thou&s;and times more for your &s;ake if it were in the power of Your, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>This I can a&s;&s;ure you of, and likewi&s;e that I am Your, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>I have often told you by word of mouth that I love you, yet my Pen &s;hall once more a&s;&s;ure you that I am Your, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Your de&s;ires have always been lookt upon by me as commands, which &s;hall be ever valued by Your, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>We both &s;hall be much oblig'd to you, he as your Petitioner, and I as Your, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>God Almighty pre&s;erve all good Chri&s;tians from &s;uch things, e&s;pecially your &s;elf, and Your, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<PB REF="31">
<ITEM>God pre&s;erve his Maje&s;ty, and the Royal Family, The Church, your friends and mine; this is the daily prayers of Your, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>All this &s;hall be a&s;&s;erted by Your, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>You &s;hall find me upon all opportunities Your, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>All the&s;e are but the lea&s;t part of the duty of Your, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
</LIST>
<P>Then you are to &s;ub&s;cribe your Letters with this or the like tender of your Service.</P>
<P><HI>SIR, Your mo&s;t humble and obedient Servant</HI> J. C.</P>
<P>This mu&s;t always be done according to the quality, condition, or relation of the Per&s;on to whom you write: but herein you may u&s;e your own di&s;cretion, giving every man his due.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 N="5" TYPE="chapter">
<HEAD><HI>CHAP. V.</HI> Of dating, folding and &s;ealing of Letters.</HEAD>
<P>WHEN you have thus concluded your Letter, read it all over, and what hath either e&s;cap'd your mind or pen correct prudently.</P>
<P>Then date your Letter at the end towards the left hand when you write to your Superiour; otherwi&s;e you may date it at the top: but fancy may take more place herein than judgment.</P>
<P>It is a Cu&s;tom among&s;t Per&s;ons of quality to leave no mar|gent: which though it be a cu&s;tom, for which no convincing Rea&s;on can be a&s;&s;ign'd, yet &s;eeing they u&s;e it, it is not ami&s;s to u&s;e it to them.</P>
<P>But in Letters of Bu&s;ine&s;s a broad margent is very proper, be|cau&s;e things may be omitted, and the Per&s;on to whom you write, may mark every pa&s;&s;age, the better to an&s;wer.</P>
<P>In folding or making up Letters, many affect odd fanta&s;ti|cal forms, trouble&s;ome to them&s;elves, and Readers, being fre|quently torn in the opening; wherefore I would recommend the plaine&s;t and the ea&s;ie&s;t way, which among&s;t all Secretaries, and men of parts, is the Cu&s;tom.</P>
<P>Next you come to &s;ealing, which is either with Wax, or Wa|fers, The fir&s;t is e&s;teem'd mo&s;t re&s;pectful, though the later is
<PB REF="32"> tolerable, Wafers being ready on all occa&s;ions without farther trouble.</P>
<P>To &s;eal with Wax, and make a good and clear Impre&s;&s;ion, having lighted your Wax, drop on the Paper enough to fill the Seal, then &s;tir it about with the &s;tick of Wax untill the black, or &s;moak of the Candle be gon. Then clap on the Seal with a &s;udden jerk, holding it without moving till the Wax be cold, and you &s;hall be &s;ure to have the full and clear Impre&s;&s;ion of your Seal to great perfection.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 N="6" TYPE="chapter">
<HEAD><HI>CHAP. VI.</HI> Of External Super&s;criptions or Directions.</HEAD>
<P><HI>THE other Super&s;cription or direction is on the Back of your Letter, which mu&s;t be writ very legible, and mu&s;t contain the name and title of him to whom you write, with the exact place of his re&s;idence.</HI></P>
<P><HI>As I &s;aid before it is improper to expre&s;s any degree of kin|dred on the back of a Letter; it concerns not the Bearer what alliance or relation is between the Writer and Receiver, no more than the &s;uperfluous Addition of ha&s;te and &s;peed, con|tributes &s;wiftne&s;s to the Po&s;t-boys Hor&s;e.</HI></P>
<P><HI>For your better information I &s;hall here &s;ubjoin Super&s;crip|tions or Directions to Per&s;ons of all Ranks and Degrees, as Fir&s;t,</HI>
<LIST>
<ITEM>To the King: <HI>(alias)</HI> To the King's mo&s;t Excellent Maj|or, To the Sacred Maje&s;ty of <HI>James</HI> the Second.</ITEM>
<ITEM>To the Queen: To the Queen's mo&s;t Excellent Maje&s;tie.</ITEM>
<ITEM>To the Prince: <HI>alias,</HI> To his Royal Highne&s;s.</ITEM>
<ITEM>To the Prince&s;s: To her R. H.</ITEM>
<ITEM>To his Grace the Lord A. B. of <HI>Cant.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>To his Grace the Lord A. B. of <HI>York.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>You may add, To the Mo&s;t Reverend Father in God: if you plea&s;e.</ITEM>
<PB N="59" REF="32">
<ITEM>To the Right Reverend Father in God, The Lord Bi&s;hop of <HI>L.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>All Bi&s;hops are &s;o &s;tiled.</ITEM>
<ITEM>All the Inferiour Clergy: To the Reverend Dr. <HI>A. B.</HI> with the Title of his Preferment, or Dignity.</ITEM>
<ITEM>To his Grace the D. of <HI>N.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>To the Right Honourable the Marq. of, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> or Lord <HI>M.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>To the Right Honourable the Earl of <HI>M.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>To the Right Honourable the Lord Vi&s;count of, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>To the Right Honourable the Lord, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>All Sons of the Nobility are Honourable, and ought to be addre&s;t to with great Re&s;pect.</ITEM>
<ITEM>To the Right Honourable Sir <HI>John W.</HI> Knight and Ba|ronet.</ITEM>
<ITEM>To the Right Wor&s;hipful Sir <HI>T. M.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>To Sir <HI>J. L.</HI> The&s;e.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Every Privy Councellour is Right Honourable.</ITEM>
<ITEM>To his Excellency <HI>L. E.</HI> of <HI>F.</HI> Captain General of his Maje&s;tie's Forces.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Lord Lievtenant of <HI>Ireland:</HI> His Excellency.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Amba&s;&s;adours: Excellency.</ITEM>
<ITEM>To the Honourable Collonel <HI>W.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>To the Wor&s;hipful <HI>T. M.</HI> E&s;q;</ITEM>
<ITEM>To Mr. <HI>J. F.</HI> The&s;e.</ITEM>
<ITEM>To the Right Honourable <HI>J. J.</HI> Lord Mayor of the City of <HI>London.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>To the Right Wor&s;hipful, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> Sheriff of <HI>L.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>All tho&s;e that have been Lord Mayors of <HI>London</HI> are Honourable.</ITEM>
<ITEM>To the Wor&s;hipful Alderman <HI>A. &amp;c.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>All men who have been Mayors of Towns, Ma&s;ters of Companies or Corporations by the King's Charter or Commi&s;&s;ion, are afterwards E&s;quires.</ITEM>
</LIST></P>
<PB REF="33">
<P>It is u&s;ual when we write to Per&s;ons of quality to put a cover on the Letter: that is a piece of clean paper put about it and &s;eal'd, which is a token of great re&s;pect.</P>
<P>When you write to any Superiour, it ought to be done with very great re&s;pect and honour; here too much is better than too little. It is not every one that knows what is ju&s;tly due to all degrees among&s;t men.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 N="7" TYPE="chapter">
<HEAD><HI>CHAP. VII.</HI> Examples of Letters.</HEAD>
<P>FOra&s;much as Precepts without Examples are generally to little purpo&s;e, I think it fitting here to add a &s;mall Packet of Let|ters, which may be a kind of Rule of direction as to the intire compo&s;ition and frame of Letters. And fir&s;t,</P>
<LETTER LANG="eng">
<HEAD>A Letter of Complement and Congratu|lation to a Great Souldier return'd from the Wars again&s;t the <HI>Turks.</HI></HEAD>
<OPENER><SALUTE>My Lord,</SALUTE></OPENER>
<P>IF the general Joy which is now diffu&s;ed through the hearts of all good Chri&s;tians, hone&s;t-minded men and Loyal Subjects in Chri&s;tendom, be&s;ides the particular obligations I have received from Your Lord&s;hip had not an equal (or perhaps a greater) influence upon me than upon any man el&s;e, I &s;hould not have pre&s;um'd to have troubled Your Lord&s;hip at this time of publick rejoycing, but that I think by crowding in with the univer&s;al
<PB N="61" REF="33"> Acclamations of Chri&s;tendom, and in particular the&s;e Nations at once to commit and attone for the &s;ame Crime: for, my Lord, give me leave to &s;ay this is intended not &s;o much to congratulate Your Lord|&s;hips fortunate and honourable E&s;cape out of tho&s;e many and glorious hazards, which a re&s;olute and undaunted Valour in conjunction with a mo&s;t zea|lous Honour and Loyalty engag'd You in, as to ap|plaud to our &s;elves the happine&s;s we are like to en|joy both in Church and State, occa&s;ioned by over|throwing of the Enemies both of God and Man, the Infidels and Rebels; and to give Your Lord|&s;hip more particularly Your due, who being more ambitious of Honour than of Life, who &s;o nobly ventur'd Yours in the&s;e Heroick Exploits for the Honour of Your Prince, and the Intere&s;t of Chri&s;|tianity. The Hi&s;torians of this Age will not be &s;o ungratefull as to forget to deliver down to Po&s;terity this Illu&s;trious Subject, where by your War-like Atchievements you &s;trive to demon&s;trate the great|ne&s;s of your Ance&s;tours, rather than by a vain and unperforming Mu&s;ter of their old Charters, Patents and Commi&s;&s;ions: thus, My Lord, You know that by Arms Honour was fir&s;t acquir'd, which makes me thus a&s;&s;ume the boldne&s;s of this imperfect and &s;hort attempt in Your Lord&s;hip's Encomium, not doubting Your pardon; which I have the grea|ter rea&s;on to hope for, becau&s;e it is free from two Vices equally hateful to men of Arms, I mean Flat|tery and long Harangues.</P>
</LETTER>
<LETTER LANG="eng">
<PB N="62" REF="34">
<HEAD>A Letter of Commerce to Mr. <HI>D.</HI> Bookseller at <HI>Cambridge.</HI></HEAD>
<OPENER><SALUTE><HI>Mr.</HI> D.</SALUTE></OPENER>
<P>YOurs I received, and according to your de&s;ire herewith &s;end you &s;ix of <HI>Grew</HI>'s <HI>Mu&s;aeum's Re|galis Societatis;</HI> I am extreamly glad to hear they &s;ell &s;o well at that great <HI>Mu&s;aeum</HI> of all <HI>England,</HI> which as it is the be&s;t Judge, &s;o it is the be&s;t u&s;er and Re|po&s;itory of &s;uch Books. I have nothing to add at pre&s;ent, but that your returns are accepted of by,</P>
<CLOSER><SALUTE>SIR,</SALUTE>
<SIGNED><HI>Your Friend to &s;erve you</HI> Jo&s;. Hindmar&s;h.</SIGNED></CLOSER>
</LETTER>
<LETTER LANG="eng">
<HEAD>A Love Letter to <HI>Silvia.</HI></HEAD>
<P>SInce Madam <HI>Smith</HI> has been &s;o kind as to take upon her the charge of this Letter, I have ven|tured now to write to you. I know very well, I ought to do no &s;uch thing, and by right, I &s;hould dream as little of You as you have thought of me the&s;e three weeks. I went to look out for You with great earne&s;tne&s;s at my Lady &mdash; Hou&s;e, but <HI>Sil|via</HI> was not there nor any where el&s;e that I could hear of; &s;o that I was forc'd to leave&mdash; without bidding You adieu: but tho' I departed without &s;eeing You, yet I &s;ee you but too plainly
<PB N="63" REF="34"> every day. What? cannot three&s;core miles &s;epa|rate You from a Heart that you take &s;o little care of; and cannot this Heart, that is &s;o indifferent to You, divide it &s;elf from You? You have made it in&s;en|&s;ible to all the plea&s;ures that here in this Town croud about it, to feel only its melancholy perplexities: they are its only imployment at pre&s;ent. Now I could wi&s;h You would &s;omewhat qualifie them by a Letter or &s;o: But now! do not write to me, a cor|re&s;pondence with You is very dangerous, I am but too well acquainted what &s;tyle You write in, and Your Letters would complete my ruine, when I &s;hould read over a hundred and a hundred times the Characters of a hand, that has &s;o much wit at its fingers ends; however, I lodge now at &mdash; and this is my direction: Let what will happen, I will not tell You by retail all that I have endured &s;ince my departure with the greate&s;t long-&s;uffering in the world; why &s;hould Your Idea thus ince&s;&s;antly haunt me every where; and is not <HI>London</HI> a place of Re|fuge again&s;t that charming Image that always fol|lows me? I could tell you a hundred things more, but I am afraid I have &s;aid too much already: I ex|pect an an&s;wer with &s;uch an impatience as I wi&s;h You could conceive. Think &s;ometimes of a man that thinks of nothing but you, and be &s;o gracious as to give me &s;ome hopes that You are plea&s;ed to accept of me as,</P>
<CLOSER><SALUTE>MADAM,</SALUTE>
<SIGNED>Your mo&s;t devoted humble Servant <HI>J. R.</HI></SIGNED></CLOSER>
</LETTER>
<PB N="64" REF="35">
<P>&para; Every Subject has a di&s;tinct &s;ort of &s;tyle and Character, as may be &s;een by the&s;e <HI>three</HI> Letters: The fir&s;t is in a pompous and high way, mo&s;t becoming the Souldier. The &s;econd is conci&s;e and &s;hort in its diction: &s;aying no more than what is purely for bargain and intere&s;t. The third is a pa&s;&s;ionate and uncertain way of expre&s;&s;ing the mind, like the fond &s;ouls of Lovers, which bear much re&s;emblance to the Sea, from whence Love is &s;aid to have &s;prung.</P>
<P>Tho&s;e that are arrived to any improvement by frequent wri|ting of Letters, will ea&s;ily &s;ee the&s;e various differences, and will take care to accommodate them&s;elves accordingly, e&s;pecially when they have once come to &s;ome moderate knowledge in bu&s;ine&s;s and conver&s;ation; but for the younger and unexperi|enc'd I &s;hall add a few examples more.</P>
<LETTER LANG="eng">
<HEAD>A Letter to per&s;wade a Friend to Marry.</HEAD>
<OPENER><SALUTE>Dear Harry,</SALUTE></OPENER>
<P>AS thy Friend (and I am &s;atisfied you think me &s;o) I advi&s;e you as you love your intere&s;t to marry. Age comes on apace, therefore change that melancholy and uncertain &s;tate wherein you now live, for one infinitely more delightful: the conve|niencies of which condition you have often admired in me by your own words, <HI>That when my one half was abroad the other was at home.</HI> The plea&s;ing conver&s;a|tion of the Female Sex, which averts dull and me|lancholy thoughts, is mo&s;t certainly charming; and be&s;ides, your daily expences now would go a great way in a Family, I advi&s;e you al&s;o not to &s;et your thoughts &s;o much on <HI>riches</HI> as on a good humour: If you find a vertuous good natur'd woman, edu|cated by worthy Parents, whom you can truly love, make no more delay (begging God's a&s;&s;i&s;tance in &s;uch a great concern) If you chance to marry where
<PB N="65" REF="35"> you do not love, you will love where you cannot marry. I have &s;een pretty lines on that Subject which I recommend to your peru&s;al, that is,
<Q><L>Who makes the object of his fancy Gold,</L>
<L>Grows cold in fancy when the money's told.</L>
<L>And &s;he who feigns to love to live a Lady,</L>
<L>Is Honour's Faun, I know not what &s;he may be.</L></Q></P>
<P>To which I &s;ubjoin four more thus,</P>
<LG>
<L>But tho&s;e whom Love and Honour join in one;</L>
<L>Will love each other when the Money's gone</L>
<L>With mutual kindne&s;s labouring both for life,</L>
<L>Free from all grudging di&s;content or &s;trife.</L>
</LG>
<P>Be no more faint-hearted, but nobly venture, and mind not the &s;illy morals which old mu&s;ty Batche|lors and bad Husbands commonly have again&s;t that honourable condition. This, dear <HI>H.</HI> I advi&s;e from my own experience, becau&s;e I enjoy all the comforts marriage can afford; think on this, and &s;light not this cordial advice of,</P>
<CLOSER><SIGNED>Your mo&s;t affectionate Friend, <HI>J. C.</HI></SIGNED></CLOSER>
</LETTER>
<LETTER LANG="eng">
<HEAD>An An&s;wer to the foregoing Letter.</HEAD>
<P>THere is nothing earthly (dear <HI>Jack</HI>) I value more &s;acred than Friend&s;hip, and none &s;o dearly as yours. I thank you heartily that you would be &s;o free with me: And to let you &s;ee that I have both courage to venture and faith to b<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">lieve it my
<PB REF="36"> be&s;t cour&s;e, as I have not (on that account) refu&s;ed any rea&s;onable propo&s;als, &s;o neither &s;hall I reject to|lerable profers. I mu&s;t confe&s;s I am afraid to meet with a piece of Extravagancy and Ill-nature, which would as certainly make me mi&s;erable as the other you propound would make me happy. That I ought to marry for Love more than Money you know I am convinc'd it is my Intere&s;t, and I not only am of the opinion of your fir&s;t <HI>four</HI> Lines, but al&s;o join with yours in the other; and were I &s;ure to find &s;uch happine&s;s in a married life as I have found de&s;cribed in another Poem on that Subject, I &s;hould not delay. The fancy is this,
<Q><L>They were &s;o one that none could truly &s;ay</L>
<L>Which of them rul'd or whether did obey;</L>
<L>He rul'd becau&s;e &s;he would obey, and &s;he</L>
<L>In &s;o obeying rul'd as well as he:</L>
<L>What pleas'd him be&s;t it need no other cau&s;e</L>
<L>To plea&s;e her too but only his applau&s;e.</L></Q></P>
<P>Is there any man living that does not admire con|cord and mutual affection between Man and Wife, the greate&s;t comfort of humane life? and were I &s;ure to find &s;uch a Wife as God hath ble&s;s'd you with, I &s;hould &s;oon alter the condition you &s;o little admire; but there is &s;uch cunning (as I may truly &s;ay) on the Female &s;ide, that a man dares hardly begin; for if he once break his mind, he mu&s;t either proceed to his di&s;advantage, or retreat di&s;honoura|bly with the&s;e di&s;ingenuous reflections, He loves the Money better than the Woman, he only comes for Money, not for a Wife, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> which made a wor|thy Per&s;on <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="MURP" EXTENT="2 letters">y, that it was ea&s;ier to gain a hundred
<PB REF="36"> new Mi&s;tre&s;&s;es than put off one old one. To marry when a ble&s;s'd opportunity offers is one part of my re&s;olution, another is to be on all occa&s;ions,</P>
<CLOSER><SIGNED>Your faithful Friend and humble Servant, <HI>H. R.</HI></SIGNED></CLOSER>
</LETTER>
<LETTER LANG="eng">
<HEAD>A Letter to per&s;wade a young Man to mind his Bu&s;ine&s;s.</HEAD>
<P>YOU have not many Friends or Relations to tru&s;t to, neither would I wi&s;h you to be trouble&s;ome to tho&s;e you have: It is both your du|ty and intere&s;t to mind your Imployment (which if prudently manag'd) will get you both Friends, Mo|ney and Reputation. There is no Imployment &s;o mean but the&s;e three qualifications, Ability, Indu|&s;try and Sobriety will improve to a good account. The fir&s;t you have; the other two if you want it is your own fault. Cu&s;tom is a &s;econd nature, and if you find your &s;elf addicted to any ill one, &s;trive to reform, and Cu&s;tom will be as kind on the better &s;ide. Some take plea&s;ure to &s;it among&s;t idle Com|pany, &s;pending both money and time in vain. But the wor&s;t is, bu&s;ine&s;s neglected di&s;obliges our Bene|factors, and when they conceive ill thoughts of our Conduct, certain ruin follows. Men of bu&s;ine&s;s ought to improve every opportunity to oblige tho&s;e by whom they live: this trouble is but for a while;
<PB REF="37"> for it is time to take our plea&s;ure when our intere&s;t will allow. It is a great comfort (and it is looked upon accordingly) for a man to live by his own in|du&s;try without being trouble&s;ome to Friends, a thing grievous to a generous Spirit. This pray con|&s;ider, and deny your &s;elf your humour for a time. If this my advice without de&s;ign I lovingly give be prudently followed, you will in time be &s;en&s;ible how much I am,</P>
<CLOSER><SIGNED>Your Friend and Servant.</SIGNED></CLOSER>
</LETTER>
<LETTER LANG="eng">
<HEAD>A Letter to di&s;&s;wade one from Di&s;putes about Religion.</HEAD>
<OPENER><SALUTE>Dear Will,</SALUTE></OPENER>
<P>THE e&s;teem I bear you hath prevail'd with me to warn you of a weakne&s;s (you &s;eem to in|dulge) which if continued will expo&s;e you to many inconveniences; and this is your readine&s;s to ingage in controver&s;ies about Opinions, but e&s;pecially to di&s;pute points of Religion more pa&s;&s;ionately than con&s;i&s;ts with good manners. Wary and prudent men &s;hun &s;uch unplea&s;ant and unprofitable di&s;cour&s;e, which rarely if ever produces any fruit but contenti|on and di&s;like, &s;eeing all Di&s;putants contend more for Victory than Truth. No good man profe&s;|&s;eth any Religion but believes it the be&s;t; &s;o that he who undertakes to impugn that, does but upbraid him with want of Judgment in &s;uch an important choice. And as &s;uch attempts are very unmannerly
<PB N="69" REF="37"> &s;o they are full of danger, e&s;pecially if the Opinions be e&s;tabli&s;hed by publick Authority; for thereby you take upon you to arraign and condemn the Wi&s;dom of the Nation, and the Ju&s;tice and Policy of the Government, which will be ever tender of its own Reputation: &s;uch Di&s;putes ought to be made as remarkable for their puni&s;hment, as they are in them&s;elves hatefull for their folly. If any will needs thru&s;t &s;uch di&s;cour&s;e upon you, it's be&s;t to af|fect as much indifferency and unconcern as you can, and to propo&s;e your own &s;en&s;e rather as doubts wherein you de&s;ire to be &s;atisfied, than conclu&s;ions and fixed re&s;olutions. Thus, Sir, I have adventu|red to lay before you my weak Judgment in this nice Affair, wherein, if you &s;eriou&s;ly reflect, I hope you will find no cau&s;e to impute it to officiou&s;ne&s;s or impertinency in,</P>
<CLOSER><SIGNED>Your Affectionate Friend and Well-wi&s;her, <HI>J. C.</HI></SIGNED></CLOSER>
</LETTER>
<LETTER LANG="eng">
<HEAD>A Letter to per&s;wade a Friend to give his Children good Education.</HEAD>
<OPENER><SALUTE>Dear Sir,</SALUTE></OPENER>
<P>I Am heartily glad to hear that your two Boys are &s;o hopeful Scholars, pray continue them at School, and give them no other Portions. That
<PB N="70" REF="38"> good Education is the onely earthly thing here ne|ce&s;&s;ary, no man will que&s;tion; It teaches us to pre|&s;erve our Souls, Bodies and E&s;tates. Breeding proves often a better and &s;urer E&s;tate than Lands, Riches and Honour; The&s;e are &s;ubject to lo&s;&s;es, chances and revolutions; but Learning is an ine&s;timable Trea&s;ure which cannot be taken away: what char|ges we are at upon that account, is the be&s;t be&s;towed of any. It is no di&s;grace (although a great incon|veniencie) for a Gentleman to be poor, but to be illiterate or rude is a great blot to his Reputation. Education &s;upplies all defects both of Birth, Riches and Honour. Among&s;t the &s;everal parts of Learn|ing I look upon Writing and Arithmetick not the lea&s;t; for tho&s;e who have neglected other Learning, are thereby in little time, and at &s;mall charge made capable for any Imployment; the Pen is a certain Refuge when Trades fail; you will rarely &s;ee any &s;ober Per&s;on &s;o qualified in want. This I advi&s;e, not that I think you ignorant of what is proper, but onely for the love I bear to the&s;e young Gentlemen, which is the duty of,</P>
<CLOSER><DATELINE>London, <DATE>March 12. 1685/6.</DATE></DATELINE>
<SIGNED>Your mo&s;t obliged humble Servant,</SIGNED></CLOSER>
</LETTER>
<LETTER LANG="eng">
<PB REF="38">
<HEAD>A Letter of Advice from a Father to a Son.</HEAD>
<P>YOU are now of Age &s;ufficient (Son) to govern your &s;elf, I have di&s;charg'd my du|ty according to my ability; and &s;ince you are to act for your &s;elf in this trouble&s;ome World, I ad|vi&s;e you, fir&s;t, to be religious; &s;hew it rather in your Actions than your Words: be al&s;o loyal to your King; obedience to your Prince is part of your duty towards God. Secondly, Behave your &s;elf obligingly to all men, e&s;pecially your Neighbours both inferiours and equals; di&s;oblige none willing|ly, for one man di&s;oblig'd will take more pains to be reveng'd, than an hundred per&s;ons, you have ob|liged, will do to be thankful. Thirdly, Let your Expences be rather within, than either equal to, or above your E&s;tate. It's better to have &s;ufficient to keep up a middle rank, than to be forced to run in debt to maintain a higher. It is a great inconveni|ency to be in debt, but if you mu&s;t, keep your word &s;acredly; if you expect Reputation. Fourthly, Shun all Quarrels, Gaming and Law-&s;uits, and do every thing with a cheerful Countenance and fair Lan|guage. La&s;tly, Shun evil and extravagant Com|pany, u&s;e hone&s;t and harmle&s;s Recreation; the re&s;t I refer to your own di&s;cretion. The&s;e things well con&s;idered will be the means of a comfortable life and a happy end; which that you may have, and all good Chri&s;tians, &s;hall be the hearty Prayers of,</P>
<CLOSER><SIGNED><HI>Your loving Father,</HI> Tr. P.</SIGNED></CLOSER>
</LETTER>
<DIV3 TYPE="section">
<PB REF="39">
<HEAD>Forms of Bills, Bonds, Acquittances, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> by which &s;uch Writings may be made on occa&s;ion.</HEAD>
<Q><TEXT LANG="eng">
<BODY>
<DIV1 TYPE="bill">
<HEAD>A &s;hort Bill of Debt. <HI>March 13. 1685/6.</HI></HEAD>
<P>BOrrowed and Received of <HI>James Law&s;on</HI> the Sum of Ten Pounds <HI>Engli&s;h</HI> Money, which I do hereby promi&s;e to pay to him or his order upon demand; witne&s;s my Hand, Day and Year above|written.</P>
<CLOSER><SIGNED>Thomas Howard.</SIGNED></CLOSER>
</DIV1>
</BODY>
</TEXT></Q>
<Q><TEXT LANG="eng">
<BODY>
<DIV1 TYPE="bill">
<HEAD>A Bill of Debt.</HEAD>
<P>KNow all men by the&s;e pre&s;ents, that I <HI>Henry Compton</HI> of the Pari&s;h of Saint <HI>James's We&s;tmin&s;ter,</HI> and County of <HI>Middle|&s;ex,</HI> Gentleman, do ow and am indebted unto <HI>Thomas Stevin&s;on</HI> of the Pari&s;h of Saint <HI>Martin's in the Fields,</HI> and County afore&s;aid, Scrivener, The Sum of Twenty Pounds of good and lawful Money of <HI>England,</HI> to be paid to the above&s;aid <HI>Thomas Stevin&s;on,</HI> his Heirs, Executors, Admini&s;trators or A&s;|&s;igns,
<PB REF="39"> in and upon the &s;econd day of <HI>June</HI> next en&s;uing the date hereof, without fraud or farther delay: For the which payment well and truly to be made, I bind me, my Heirs, Executors and Admini&s;trators in the penal Sum of Forty Pounds of like Money of <HI>England,</HI> firmly by the&s;e Pre&s;ents. In witne&s;s whereof I have hereunto &s;et my Hand and Seal the fir&s;t day of <HI>March,</HI> 1685/6.</P>
<CLOSER><SIGNED><HI>Signed, &s;ealed and deli|vered in the pre&s;ence of</HI>
<LIST>
<ITEM>John Templer,</ITEM>
<ITEM>Richard John&s;on.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Henr. Compton.</ITEM>
</LIST></SIGNED></CLOSER>
</DIV1>
</BODY>
</TEXT></Q>
<Q><TEXT LANG="eng">
<BODY>
<DIV1 TYPE="obligation">
<HEAD>An Obligation with a Con|dition.</HEAD>
<P><HI>NOverint &V;niver&s;i per prae&s;entes me</HI> Johan|nem Trant, <HI>de Parochia Sancti</HI> Mar|garetae <HI>de</HI> We&s;tm. <HI>&amp; Com.</HI> Midd. <HI>Clericum, Teneri &amp; firmiter obligari</HI> Edwardo Tom|lin&s;on <HI>de eadem Parochia &amp; Com. Genero&s;o in Ducent. Libris bonae &amp; legalis Monetae</HI> An|gliae, <HI>Solvend. eidem</HI> Edwardo Tomlin&s;on <HI>aut &s;uo certo Attornato Executoribus, Admi|ni&s;tratoribus vel A&s;&s;ignatis &s;uis, ad quam qui|dem &s;olutionem bene &amp; fideliter faciendam ob|ligo me, Haeredes, Executores &amp; Admini&s;tra|tores me<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="1 letter">s firmiter per prae&s;entes, Sigillo meo &s;igillat. dat. &s;exto die</HI> Aprilis, <HI>Anno Regni Re|gis</HI> Jacobi <HI>II. Dei Gratia Magnae</HI> Britanniae, Fran. <HI>&amp;</HI> Hib. <HI>Secundo Anno&abque; Dom.</HI> 1686.</P>
<PB REF="40">
<P>THE Condition of this Obligation is &s;uch, That if the above-bounden <HI>John Trant,</HI> his Heirs, Executors, Admini|&s;trators or A&s;&s;igns &s;hall well and truly pay or cau&s;e to be paid to the above-named <HI>Ed|ward Tomlin&s;on,</HI> his Heirs, Executors, Ad|mini&s;trators the full &s;um of One hundred pounds, with lawful Intere&s;t of good and lawful Money of <HI>England,</HI> in and upon the &s;eventh day of <HI>July</HI> next en&s;uing the date hereof, at, or in the Dwelling-hou&s;e of the &s;aid <HI>Edward Tomlin&s;on</HI> without fraud or far|ther delay, that then this pre&s;ent Obligation &s;hall be void, and of no effect, or el&s;e to remain in full force and virtue.</P>
<CLOSER><SIGNED><HI>Signed, &s;ealed and deli|vered in the pre&s;ence of</HI>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Tho. Manly,</ITEM>
<ITEM>Robert Jacobs.</ITEM>
<ITEM>John Trant.</ITEM>
</LIST></SIGNED></CLOSER>
</DIV1>
</BODY>
</TEXT></Q>
<Q><TEXT LANG="eng">
<BODY>
<DIV1 TYPE="obligation">
<HEAD>An Obligation in Engli&s;h.</HEAD>
<P>KNow all men by the&s;e Pre&s;ents, that I <HI>Thomas Hunter</HI> of the Pari&s;h of St. <HI>Martins in the Fields,</HI> and County of <HI>Middle&s;ex,</HI> Gent. am holden, and firmly do &s;tand bound unto <HI>James Howel</HI> of the Pari&s;h of Saint <HI>James's We&s;tmin&s;ter,</HI> and County afore&s;aid, Grocer, in the Sum of Forty Pound of good and lawful Money
<PB REF="40"> of <HI>England,</HI> to be paid unto the &s;aid <HI>James Howel,</HI> his certain Attorney, his Execu|tors, Admini&s;trators or A&s;&s;igns what&s;o|ever; to the which payment well and truly to be made, I do hereby bind my &s;elf, my Heirs, Executors and Admini|&s;trators firmly by the&s;e Pre&s;ents; &s;ealed with my Seal. Dated the fir&s;t day of <HI>May,</HI> in the Second Year of the Reign of our So|vereign Lord King <HI>James</HI> the Second, in the Year of our Lord 1686.</P>
</DIV1>
</BODY>
</TEXT></Q>
<Q><TEXT LANG="eng">
<BODY>
<DIV1 TYPE="obligation">
<HEAD>THE Condition of this Obligation, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></HEAD>
<P>Upon payment of all Bonds, Bills, Accounts or Bargains what&s;oever, it is proper to take an Acquittance, be&s;ides &s;eeing the Account, Bill or Bond cancell'd or cro&s;s'd; and where Mo|ney is paid in part, onely make mention, &s;o much paid in part of &s;uch a Debt, Bill, Bond or Account; but when you pay a man all you ow him, it's very fit to take a general Relea&s;e or Acquittance.</P>
</DIV1>
</BODY>
</TEXT></Q>
<Q><TEXT LANG="eng">
<BODY>
<DIV1 TYPE="acquittance">
<HEAD><HI>A &s;hort Acquittance.</HI> May 1. 1686.</HEAD>
<P>REceived then of <HI>Abraham Baldwin</HI> the &s;um of Twenty Pounds in full for Goods bought by him of me; I &s;ay, received in full for Goods and all other Accounts, Debts, Dues and Demands which in Law, Ju&s;tice or Equity I can any ways demand of him preceding the date hereof, witne&s;s my Hand, Day and Year above-written.</P>
</DIV1>
</BODY>
</TEXT></Q>
<Q><PB N="76" REF="41"><TEXT LANG="eng">
<BODY>
<DIV1 TYPE="release">
<HEAD>A General Relea&s;e.</HEAD>
<P>BE it known unto all men by the&s;e Pre&s;ents, That I <HI>William Chalmer</HI> of the Pari&s;h of St. <HI>Martins in the Fields,</HI> and County of <HI>Middle&s;ex,</HI> Gent. have remi&s;ed, relea&s;ed and quitclaimed, and by the&s;e Pre&s;ents, do for me, my Heirs, Executors, Admini&s;trators and A&s;&s;igns, remi&s;e, relea&s;e, and for ever quitclaim unto <HI>Edward Bromley,</HI> his Heirs, Executors, Admini&s;trators and A&s;&s;igns, all, and all manner of Actions, Suits, Cau&s;es and Accounts, Debts, Duties, Reckonings, Sum and Sums of Money, Con|trover&s;ies, Judgments, Executions and Demands what&s;oever, which I the &s;aid <HI>William Chalmer</HI> ever had, or which I, my Heirs, Executors, Admini&s;trators and A&s;&s;igns, or any of us, in time to come, can or may have, to, for, or a|gain&s;t the &s;aid <HI>Edward Bromley,</HI> his Heirs, Exe|cutors, Admini&s;trators or A&s;&s;igns, for, or by rea&s;on of any matter, cau<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="KEYERS" EXTENT="2 letters"> or thing what&s;oever preceding the date hereof. In witne&s;s whereof I have hereunto put my Hand and Seal the four|teenth day of <HI>July,</HI> in the &s;econd Year of the Reign of our Soverain Lord King <HI>James</HI> the Se|cond, and in the Year of our Lord 1686.</P>
<CLOSER><SIGNED><HI>Signed, &s;ealed and deli|vered in the pre&s;ence of</HI>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Jo. Stuart,</ITEM>
<ITEM>Fr. Dalton.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Will. Chalmer.</ITEM>
</LIST></SIGNED></CLOSER>
</DIV1>
</BODY>
</TEXT></Q>
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</DIV3>
</DIV2>
</DIV1>
</BODY>
</TEXT>
</EEBO>
</ETS>
