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<ETS>
<TEMPHEAD>
<REVDESCR>
<CHANGE>
<DATE>2013-05-02</DATE>
<RESPSTMT>
<NAME>Geremy Carnes</NAME>
<RESP>MURP</RESP>
</RESPSTMT>
<ITEM> x * Review overall document structure and hierarchy, including GROUP TEXT FRONT BODY BACK DIVs x * Proof title page(s). x * Observe divtop and divbottom material marking beginnings and ends of divisions, check that they are correctly tagged as HEADS, HEADNOTE, CLOSER, OPENER, TRAILER, ARGUMENT, EPIGRAPH, SIGNED, DATELINE, BYLINE, etc. x * Look for unobtrusive numerations and other occult signs of structure. x * Add TYPEs to DIVs in order to validate, making sure that the @type structure makes sense as a navigational aide, and that each type makes sense wrt to the one above it. x * Survey book for troublesome formats of all kinds, including lists, illustrations, tables, music, math, end-notes, and parallel texts and quasi-tabular arrangments. Make sure that it was correctly tagged. Decide how much is worth changing. x * Assess marginalia. Notes? Running summaries? Multiple series? Are any of them milestones, headings, or labels? x * Look for FIGUREs, make sure that usable text within them has been captured and correctly tagged (especially: head, q, l, lg, byline). x * Check for GAPs and ABBRs. x * Watch for any part of the book in a diff language. Use appropriate lang attributes. x * Check for "q;" x * Check for ="", ^, I / J, ae / oe, abq, _, LB, --, &amp;c., @, # x * If appropriate, check for yoghs. x * If appropriate, check for units of measure, symbols (alchemical, astronomical, etc.) and the like. x * Do cursory check of completeness of page breaks (and placement relative to DIVs) x * Correct the errors found during proofing. x * Survey the illegibles. decide whether resolving them is feasible or even possible. Use the 100 rule only as a rule of thumb. Resolve those you can. Check &punc; x * Run 'skint' x * Run 'check' x * Run "v' (again) DONE.</ITEM>
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<EEBO>
<IDG S="marc" R="UM" ID="B02743">
<STC T="W">D1921A</STC>
<STC T="C">R175972</STC>
<BIBNO T="oclc">51784492</BIBNO>
<VID>174907</VID>
</IDG>
<TEXT LANG="eng">
<FRONT>
<DIV1 TYPE="title page">
<PB REF="1" MS="y">
<P>THE RARITIES OF TURKEY, GATHERED By one that was &s;old &s;e|ven times a Slave in the Turki&s;h Empire, AND Now expo&s;ed to view for the benefit of his Native Countrey:</P>
<P><HI>LONDON</HI> Printed for the Author 1661.</P>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 TYPE="dedication">
<PB REF="2">
<PB REF="2" MS="y">
<HEAD>To the Right Reverend and Illu&s;trious, CARDINAL <HI>de</HI> MONTE.</HEAD>
<P>_THE horrible fierce Di&s;cordances, and inte&s;tine Civil Wars of Chri&s;tian Princes, had reduc'd me (mo&s;t noble Cardinal) to this condition, That being de&s;poyl'd and plundered of all E&s;tate, bound in Chains, and haled thorow the Moun|tainous &amp; dangerous Pa&s;&s;ages
<PB REF="3">of <HI>Thracia</HI> and le&s;&s;er <HI>A&s;ia,</HI> dragged about from place to place, like hor&s;e unto a Mar|ket, I became &s;even times &s;old to the &s;undry and toyle&s;ome &s;orts of ru&s;tick labors; where under an heavy <HI>Turkish</HI> rod, &amp; &s;harper provocations, in hun|ger and thir&s;t, in cold and na|kedne&s;s, expo&s;ed to all open|ne&s;s of Airs, I was compell'd to attend the feeding Sheep, Goats, and all other &s;orts of Cattel, and oftentimes to ex|erci&s;e their di&s;cipline of war. For prevention therefore of a la&s;ting mi&s;ery, I endeavoured an e&s;cape; and wandering up and down, guided by the Nor|thern
<PB REF="3">Pole, &s;u&s;taining Life with Acorns, wilde herbs, and their bitter roots, &s;odden with a little &s;alt, I &s;pent my time in &s;olitarine&s;s, amid&s;t even ra|vening Bea&s;ts; till at length, having fa&s;tned together &s;ome few Timber pieces with cords and wythes, I ventured to pa&s;s the Helle&s;pontick Sea; but was retaken, and brought back again unto my Ma&s;ter; where tyed both hands and feet, and pro&s;trated on the ground, I was mo&s;t cruelly and &s;everely &s;courged and thre&s;hed; and after, for the &s;pace of thirteen yeers, to&s;&s;ed and tumbled on the waves of
<PB REF="4">a &s;ad and adver&s;e fortune un|der the Turki&s;h Government. I endured and &s;uffered many mi&s;eries, calamities, afflicti|ons, and per&s;ecutions for my Religions &s;ake.</P>
<P>But when I had found by &s;ad exprience, that the for|mer more compendious way through <HI>Thrace,</HI> could not free me from their Tyranny, and grievous Slavery, I re&s;olv|ed to &s;teer another cour&s;e by ob&s;ervation of the Southern Pole, to pa&s;s the De&s;arts and perillous places of <HI>Caramania</HI> and <HI>Syria:</HI> and &s;o through many and various difficulties, I at length arrived in the holy
<PB REF="4">Land, and was received by the Brethren of Saint <HI>Francis</HI> of <HI>Jeru&s;alem</HI> inhabiting Mount <HI>Sion:</HI> from whence, after the refre&s;hment of a yeer, as a man revived from death, (by God's Almighty providence) and as &s;natched from the claws of the helli&s;h Dragon, &amp; freed from tho&s;e cruel tor|tures, I return'd home among&s;t my Chri&s;tian Friends, a true witne&s;s of the Turki&s;h cruel|ties; that they with due repen|tance for their &s;ins and errors, might learn to avoid like cru|cifyings and tortures; and likewi&s;e under&s;tand what high degree of hate tho&s;e men
<PB REF="5">de&s;erve, who&s;e foul ambitions &s;top and hinder the employ|ment of Chri&s;tian &s;words from de&s;tructing and aboli&s;hing that Satanick-Turki&s;h Go|vernment, which may (by God's a&s;&s;i&s;tance) be the only preventor of our future mi|&s;eries; and which hath been long-&s;ince, and propheti|cally &s;poken of, both by Chri|&s;tians and Infidels.</P>
<P>Therefore having fini&s;hed a large perambulation of the holy Land, and vi&s;ited good part there of the <HI>We&s;t,</HI> and de|&s;cribed rudely the Tragedy of their cruelties, together with other circum&s;tances of that
<PB REF="5">Government, all which I ga|ther'd from daily conver&s;ati|on, experience, &amp; long practi&s;e in Courts and Camps of the Turki&s;h Emperour; and what more I could ever learn from ratiocinations with wi&s;e and experienced men, or by read|ing, I committed &s;til to memo|ry, and at &s;everal times &amp; &s;tati|ons, remitted them to writing, and made them after publick; which divers learned and &s;o|ber per&s;ons tran&s;lated into their &s;everal Idiomes: which when I found, and perceived they might prove nece&s;&s;ary, or &s;omewhat u&s;eful, &amp; favour|ably accepted by the Reader,
<PB REF="6">I recollected them, and bound them up into this little bun|del, and have dedicated the whole unto your Grace, the be&s;t of Patrons, printed in this famous City, <HI>Rome,</HI> receptacle of all Natoins, to be difper&s;ed to all Friends and Strangers.</P>
<P>Do you therefore by the ex|ample of our Saviour Chri&s;t, who preferred the poor Wid|dows mite, before the gifts of Princes, &amp; with that purcha&s;ed the inheritance of immortali|ty, favourably &amp; in good part accept of this poor oblation, from</P>
<CLOSER><SIGNED>Your Graces mo&s;t devoted Servant, <HI>Bartholomeus Georgie viz,</HI> Pilgrim.</SIGNED></CLOSER>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 TYPE="author to the reader">
<PB REF="6">
<HEAD>THE PILGRIM TO HIS Chri&s;tian READER.</HEAD>
<P>_I Once had fixed my intenti|ons, (worthy Reader) that the&s;e my poor endeavours &s;hould come abroad (for your utility and plea&s;ure) in a far comlier habit, cloathed with
<PB REF="7">augmentation of Arguments, and more p<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="MURP" EXTENT="1 chunk">ed Expre&s;&s;ions: but my poverty, and nakedne&s;s of nece&s;&s;ary Implements, diverted all &s;uch thoughts, and &s;top'd my undertaking &s;uch a labour; wanting be&s;ides both time and place of fit retired|ne&s;s for &s;tudious de&s;ires.</P>
<P>Sumptuous and &s;mooth Garments, or Men well moneyed, have onely entrance into Princes Palaces, and great Mens Gates; that if n<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="MURP" EXTENT="1 letter">w <HI>Homer</HI> &s;hould even him&s;elf otherwi&s;e appear, a rude and &s;urly Porter thru&s;ts him out of doors. And I confe&s;s in con&s;cience, in this degenerate Age, men take more plea&s;ure, &s;pend more thoughts and money in &s;cul|pture, picture, hawking, hunting, and wor&s;er things, unnece&s;&s;ary, then in due ob&s;ervance of our Saviour Chri&s;t's exemplary divine moralities, then in the &s;ervice and advancement of their Laws and Country, or relieving wants of di&s;tre&s;&s;ed poor or Pilgrims, Do y<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="MURP" EXTENT="1 letter">u not &s;o, (good Christian Reader;)
<PB REF="7">but first in all humility, and reverence, obey, and wor&s;hip your Great God, Cre|ator, and Redeemer; next, be more careful to &s;upply the needy and poor-Man, who is a Temple of Chri&s;t, an Habitation of the Holy Gho&s;t: then, not onely love and &s;tudy the pro&s;perity of your Country, (which God exacts a|bove all private intere&s;ts) but love all good Supporters of your just Laws and liberties, and all true Patriots there|in. And if you &s;hall receive by this my pains, the lea&s;t of delecta|tion, impute it not to your well-wi&s;h|ing PILGRIM, but the benignity and liberality of his noble PATRONS and BENEFACTORS: and where you finde Him pa&s;s the limits of Sobriety or Mode&s;ty, or to come &s;hort and flat in Elecution, let your great prudence and humanity correct Him; and be plea&s;ed to con&s;ider Him, to have &s;pent the ablest and best portion of his time and Age, in rude and rustick &s;er|vitudes,
<PB REF="8">under the Turki&s;h Nation, and not in application to liberal Arts and Sciences.</P>
<CLOSER><SALUTE>Farwel.</SALUTE></CLOSER>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 TYPE="translator to the reader">
<PB REF="8">
<HEAD>The TRANSLATOR TO THE READER.</HEAD>
<P>HE that de&s;ires to move compa&s;&s;i|on or &s;uch-like affections in o|thers, mu&s;t have &s;ome &s;ympathy and natural inclination thereto him&s;elf. The peru&s;al of this &s;mall Treati&s;e, brought &s;adne&s;s to my thoughts, and tears into my eyes, even to a fellow-feel|ing of the bitter and di&s;a&s;trous conditi|on of Chri&s;tian Captives. What heart &s;o flinty, as to forbear lamenting for them? The rigid old opinion of &s;ome Stoicks, who fancied &amp; taught not be grieved at
<PB REF="9">any event, Not to be di&s;t<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="MURP" EXTENT="1 letter">rbed with dolency at any accident befals mortality, is a doctrine no way &s;uitable to Chri&s;ti|anity. All man mu&s;t be re&s;igned, &s;ur|rendred, unman'd, and quite put off, if affections be taken from him. The &s;ence and tenderne&s;s whereof, wrought me to this Tran&s;lation: and remembred thereby, to prai&s;e and glorifie our good and gracious God, who hath pre&s;erved us from &s;uch calamities; and likewi&s;e hoping to encrea&s;e the number of re|lenting mindes, and charitable di&s;po&s;i|tions. My poverty and weak capacity, could finde no other means to be in&s;tru|mental for them. Thick and dark clouds have eclip&s;ed the warmth and comfort of the Sun from me: but, <HI>Be you merciful, as your heavenly Fa|ther is merciful.</HI></P>
<CLOSER><SALUTE>Farewel.</SALUTE></CLOSER>
<PB REF="9">
</DIV1>
<DIV1 TYPE="errata">
<PB REF="10">
<HEAD>ERRATA.</HEAD>
<P><TABLE>
<ROW>
<CELL ROLE="label"><HI>Page.</HI></CELL>
<CELL ROLE="label"><HI>Line.</HI></CELL>
<CELL ROLE="label">&nbsp;</CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>12.</CELL>
<CELL>23.</CELL>
<CELL>for <HI>and paid,</HI> read <HI>are paid.</HI></CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>14.</CELL>
<CELL>16.</CELL>
<CELL>put out <HI>Troy-weight.</HI></CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>28.</CELL>
<CELL>5.</CELL>
<CELL>for <HI>teh,</HI> read <HI>the.</HI></CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>44.</CELL>
<CELL>8.</CELL>
<CELL><HI>Pa&s;&s;engers,</HI> read <HI>Pa&s;&s;ages.</HI></CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>79.</CELL>
<CELL>1.</CELL>
<CELL><HI>do kill,</HI> read <HI>do not kill.</HI></CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>102.</CELL>
<CELL>14.</CELL>
<CELL>for <HI>their fenars,</HI> read <HI>their defenc<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="MURP" EXTENT="1 letter">.</HI></CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>117.</CELL>
<CELL>21.</CELL>
<CELL>for <HI>drunk,</HI> read <HI>drink.</HI></CELL>
</ROW>
<ROW>
<CELL>123.</CELL>
<CELL>8.</CELL>
<CELL>for <HI>Rocks,</HI> read <HI>Rocks.</HI></CELL>
</ROW>
</TABLE></P>
</DIV1>
</FRONT>
<BODY>
<DIV1 N="1" TYPE="chapter">
<PB N="1" REF="10">
<HEAD>Of the Rites and Ceremo|nies of the <HI>TURKS.</HI></HEAD>
<HEAD TYPE="sub">CHAP. I.</HEAD>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD>Of their Oratories.</HEAD>
<P>_THe fabricks of their Churches are &s;uf|ficiently large and &s;umptuous, and cal|led by the name of <HI>Me&s;chites:</HI> in which I never could perceive any &s;ort of fancies or imageries (for Idolatry is held by them the wor&s;t of abominations)
<PB N="2" REF="11">but onely the&s;e, or one of the&s;e in|&s;criptions following, in the Ara|bick Language, <HI>There is no God but one, and Mahomet his Prophet;</HI> or, <HI>One Creator and Prophets equal:</HI> or, <HI>None is &s;trong as God.</HI> Then there is &s;een a great abundance of burning Lamps, the whole Church whited, the Pavement covered with Mat|tre&s;&s;es, and on them the Ornaments of Tape&s;tries. Neer the Church, is erected a Tower of great height, to the top whereof the Prie&s;t a&s;|cends before the time of Prayers, and with a loud voice, his ears &s;topped with his fingers, he thrice proclaims the&s;e words; <HI>God, True, One:</HI> which Clamour or Outcry (for they have no Bells) being heard, the Nobility, and all unbu|&s;ied per&s;ons, repair to Church, as bound to that devotion. After|wards the &s;aid Prie&s;t de&s;cending, prays with them; (and then they turn their faces towards <HI>Mecha:)</HI>
<PB N="3" REF="11">And this he is tyed to do by his Of|fice, five times day and night. But who&s;oever cometh to the&s;e Pray|ers, mu&s;t wa&s;h his hands, his feet, and privities, and his head thrice &s;prinkled with water, and the&s;e words pronounced: <HI>Glory to my God.</HI> Then, their &s;hooes put off, and left at the Church-door, they enter in, &s;ome bare-footed, others having new Shooes or Socks, and &s;o ten|derly touch the ground. Women come not into Churches, as being not excis'd, and for fear of di&s;turb|ing mens devotions; but meet a|part in &s;evered places, altogether &s;hut off from eyes and ears of men; and more &s;eldome frequent their Churches, except in time of Pa&s;&s;e|over, or Ea&s;ter, and on Fridays; which days, from <HI>Mahomet</HI>'s Tra|ditions, for di&s;tinction and imita|tion, they almo&s;t re&s;pect as much as Jews their Sabbaths, or Chri&s;ti|ans the Lords day. They pray
<PB N="4" REF="12">from nine a clock at night till twelve; and in their praying, their bodies are ever in great motion and agitation, wherewith they marvelou&s;ly afflict them&s;elves, with loud cryings and fierce ejacu|lations; &s;o as oftentimes, their &s;trengths and &s;pirits failing, they &s;ink unto the ground; and if it hap|pen, any of them conceive her &s;elf with child, &s;he then a&s;&s;ures her &s;elf, that pregnancy proceeds from fa|vour of the Holy Spirit; and when delivered, the Infants born are cal|led, <HI>Sons,</HI> or <HI>Souls of the Holy Ghost.</HI> This hath been related to me from their Hand-maids; for I, nor ever any man el&s;e, were pre&s;ent at that &s;pectacle. At mens devotions I have been often pre&s;ent with my Ma&s;ter; who&s;e cu&s;tomes are in manner following: in their prayers they ne'er take off (their Turbants) coverings of their heads, but with the tops of their fingers gently
<PB N="5" REF="12">touch them, in token of taking them off; they fall upon their knees and often ki&s;s the ground: they hold it for great wickedne&s;s, to have a Chri&s;tian pre&s;ent at their my&s;teries; for they believe their Churches (as they &s;ay) to be polluted by men unwa&s;hed; and that Chri&s;tians u&s;e not &s;uch Lavatories. Every Church in <HI>Turky</HI> hath a peculiar place for Baths and wa&s;hings, with lodgings for a Prie&s;t. Now here the Prie&s;t a&s;cends his Pulpit (reads a piece of the <HI>Alcoran,</HI> and &s;ometimes expounds it) and there preaches a|bout two hours; his Sermon end|ed, two boyes come up to him, who pronounce their prayers &s;inging with re&s;pon&s;als; which Songs be|ing ended, the Prie&s;t with the whole People in a low voice, beat|ing upon their &s;ides, repeat the&s;e words, <HI>There is but one God;</HI> which for the &s;pace of half an hour they do, and &s;o depart. But this
<PB N="6" REF="13">manner of Prayers and Ceremonies of Preaching and &s;inging, are not done every day, unle&s;s in time of Lent, Fe&s;tivals, &s;ome Sundayes; and mo&s;t ob&s;erve the Fridayes for religious wor&s;hip.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD>Of their Lent.</HEAD>
<P>THey keep their Lent by fa&s;ting one Month and one Week e|very Year; but not alwayes the &s;ame: for if this Year they fa&s;t out <HI>January,</HI> the next they fa&s;t out <HI>Fe|bruary,</HI> and keep on that cour&s;e; &s;o as in twelve Years &s;pace, they de|dicate to God (in lieu of tenths) one Year and twelve Weeks. Travel|lers and &s;ick Per&s;ons are excu&s;ed from pre&s;ent fa&s;tings; but are in|joyned to &s;upply it, by fa&s;ting &s;o many dayes at other times. When they fa&s;t, all that Day they ta&s;te nothing, not &s;o much as Bread or Water; then the Stars appearing,
<PB N="7" REF="13">it is lawful for them to eat of all things which are not &s;trangled, or Hoggs-fle&s;h, which they e&s;teem as carrion, mo&s;t unclean. Their Lent being pa&s;t, they ob&s;erve <HI>Ea|&s;ter</HI> for three dayes, with great &s;o|lemnity, anoynting the Nails of their Feet and Fingers with an Oyl which they call <HI>Chna,</HI> which maker tho&s;e Nails to &s;hine like Gold; and with the &s;ame, they &s;omtimes &s;tain or colour the Hoofs and Tails of Hor&s;es. This Tincture holds very long, &amp; can hardly be wip'd away; &s;o, as until new Nails thru&s;t out the old, they &s;till retain that dye: but Nails of the Hand, by frequent wa&s;hing, abate in time. Women do not onely anoynt the Nails, but their whole Hands and Feet al&s;o with that Oyl.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<PB N="8" REF="14">
<HEAD>Of their Circumci&s;ion.</HEAD>
<P>THey Circumci&s;e not on the eighth day, as the <HI>Jews</HI> do, but when the new-born arrive at the age of &s;even or eight yeers, and be of perfect &s;peech: the my&s;tery whereof, is from the words of con|fe&s;&s;ion required before circumci&s;i|on, which are &s;ome of tho&s;e &s;en|tences afore-mentioned in their Churches, which they repeat, and give a&s;&s;ent thereto, by hold|ing up the Thumbe of the right-Hand. The Youth is not for this my&s;tery brought unto their church, but is circumci&s;ed in his Parents Hou&s;e. I have been often pre&s;ent at this &s;olemnity, which is per|formed in manner following: fir&s;t, the friends are all invited to a fea&s;t, &s;ufficiently furni&s;hed with all &s;orts of delicate fle&s;h, lawful for them to eat; and almo&s;t everywhere, e&s;pe|cially
<PB N="9" REF="14">among&s;t the wealthier &s;ort, an Ox is killed, bowelled, and flawed; in the body whereof, they include a Sheep; and in that Sheep, a Hen; and in her, an Egge; all which are entirely roa&s;ted toge|ther, for the &s;olemnity and &s;plen|dor of that day. Then in their Fea&s;t and time of Supper, the Boy that is to be circumci&s;ed, is brought to a Phy&s;itian skilful in that Art, who fixing between a pair of pinchers the fore-skin of his privie Member, to prevent all fear in the Boy, he telleth him, that the next day he will circumci&s;e him, and &s;o departs; but pre&s;ently feigning to have omitted &s;omething appertain|ing to this preparation, on a &s;udden he cuteth off the fore-skin, apply|ing thereunto a little &s;alt and bom|bace; and then he is called a <HI>Mu&s;&s;el|man,</HI> that is, one circumci&s;ed. Yet their Names are given the day of their Nativity, not Circumci&s;ion.
<PB N="10" REF="15">After continuance of this Fea&s;t for three dayes, the Boy with great pompe and &s;olemnity is accompa|nied to the Bathes; and being re|turned to his Hou&s;e, he is brought before the Gue&s;ts, and by them pre&s;ented with gifts prepared for him; &s;ome give Silver, Silken Ve&s;tments; &s;ome, Silver Cups; others, Money; and &s;ometimes, Hor&s;e. Women pre&s;ent him like|wi&s;e, &s;ome, with Shirts, Hand|kerchers, and &s;uch like, according to the &s;everal plea&s;ures and abilities of the Gue&s;ts. Women are not circumci&s;ed, onely they confe&s;s the afore&s;aid words, and &s;o made <HI>Mu&s;&s;elmen.</HI> And if any Chri&s;ti|an voluntarily confe&s;s a Faith in <HI>Mahomes,</HI> and &s;uffers Circumci&s;ion, (which often happens, by the heavy yoke and burthen of their Tri|bute) this Man is led through all the Streets and open places of the City, to the great joy and honour
<PB N="11" REF="15">of the people, with acclamations and ringing of Bells: him al&s;o they pre&s;ent with gifts, and after free him from all Tribute. For covetou&s;ne&s;s of this profit, many <HI>Greeks</HI> and <HI>Albanes</HI> become cir|cumci&s;ed. But if any be forced thereto, as he that &s;hall &s;trike or otherwi&s;e di&s;grace a <HI>Mu&s;&s;elman,</HI> or bla&s;pheme <HI>Mahomet,</HI> (as it befel a certain <HI>Grecian Bi&s;hop</HI> which I did &s;ee) that man is circumci&s;ed, and hath nothing pre&s;ented to him, yet &s;hall be freed from Tribute as o|thers circumci&s;ed.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD>Of their Prie&s;ts.</HEAD>
<P>THeir great Mu&s;ty (as the Pope among Catholiks) cannot erre, and is the highe&s;t Mini&s;ter of all Religious and Lay Per&s;ons: an Officer of great power and tru&s;t: his conclu&s;ions and &s;entences in State and Church-affairs, are irre|vocable;
<PB N="12" REF="16">and his per&s;on held in mo&s;t e&s;teem and reverence next the Emperour: his habit mo&s;t in green, being <HI>Mahomet</HI>'s colour. There is &s;mall difference between their other Prie&s;ts and Lay-men, nor much from the Governours of Ce|remonies (&s;uch as our <HI>Bi&s;hops</HI> are) neither is much learning required from them: it is &s;ufficient, if they can read the <HI>ALCORAN</HI> and <HI>MUSSAPH;</HI> yet they that can interpret on the Text, are e|&s;teemed mo&s;t learned, becau&s;e the Traditions of <HI>Mahomet</HI> are written in the <HI>Arabick,</HI> not vulgar <HI>Turki&s;h</HI> Character; and they hold it for mo&s;t dete&s;table, to have them interpreted in the vulgar Lan|guage. The&s;e Prie&s;ts and Gover|nours are elected by the People; but their rewards are &s;tipends for their labours, and paid by the King. They have Wives, and Habits like Seculars: and if their
<PB N="13" REF="16">&s;tipends be not &s;ufficient to main|tain the number of their Children, they otherwi&s;e &s;upply them&s;elves by Handicrafts, and Trades, or what el&s;e befits a Free-man; as teaching Schooles, tran&s;cribing Books, <HI>&amp;c.</HI> I ne'er could &s;ee a|mong&s;t them any Printers; but Paper is there very well made. Some make profit one way, &s;ome a|nother, as Taylors, Shooe-makers, <HI>&amp;c.</HI></P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD>Of their Monks.</HEAD>
<P>THey have likewi&s;e Monks of &s;everal Orders; but chiefly of the&s;e three: the fir&s;t have no propriety in any thing, they go al|mo&s;t wholly naked, &s;aving their privities covered with a Sheep's skin, and in cold weather they u&s;e the like to cover their backs; their &s;ides, their feet and hands, are never covered. They beg alms as well
<PB N="14" REF="17">of Chri&s;tians as Turks; and, <HI>For God's &s;ake.</HI> The&s;e Monks having eaten an Herbe called <HI>Ma&s;lach,</HI> are po&s;&s;e&s;t with a kinde of fury and madne&s;s; they cut and wound their bre&s;ts cro&s;s and overthwart, and &s;o their arms, di&s;&s;embling all trou|ble or pain; then clap on their heads, hands, and bre&s;ts, the &s;punge or mu&s;hrooms of old Trees light burning, and not remove them till they are reduced to a&s;hes. Ano|ther Order I have &s;een, who go with their privy part bor'd tho|row, and a Ring included of the weight of three pound <HI>Troy</HI>-weight; and this to pre&s;erve cha&s;tity. The third Order is rarely &s;een abroad; but remain both day and night in Churches, where within &s;ome lit|tle Angles they have &s;mall Cabins, no &s;hooes, ve&s;tments; or coverings of the head, wearing nothing but one &s;hirt; their exerci&s;e is fa&s;ts and prayers, that God would reveal
<PB N="15" REF="17">things future to them. With this &s;ort of Monks, the King of Turks u&s;ually con&s;ults, when he in|tends a motion or expedition to War.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD>Their reverence to <HI>Mahomet's</HI> Traditions.</HEAD>
<P>THey give &s;o much re&s;pect to <HI>Mahomet</HI>'s Traditions and Sta|tutes, that, not onely they never bla&s;pheme GOD or his Prophet; (which among&s;t us &s;ometime hap|pens) but if they finde the lea&s;t leaf or &s;crowl thereof, lying on the ground, they take it up and often ki&s;s it, and place it on &s;ome &s;helves or chinks of walls; affirming it a &s;in, to &s;uffer that wherein the Name of God, and Laws of <HI>Maho|met</HI> are written, to be trodden under foot. And no man dares to &s;ell the <HI>Alcoran,</HI> and other writings of their Law, to any <HI>Christian,</HI> or any
<PB N="16" REF="18">other differing in Religion or Faith with them, le&s;t they &s;hould be trodden on, or touched with un|clean hands: and who&s;oever &s;hould &s;o do, is &s;everely puni&s;hed. And in this regard they may be &s;tiled farre more reverent then <HI>Christi|ans.</HI></P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD>Of their Schools.</HEAD>
<P>THey have places for In&s;tructi|on, and Teachers both of Men and Women: in &s;everal Towns, Men, the Boyes; and Wo|men, the Girls: &s;ome teach A&s;tro|nomy, Phy&s;ick; and &s;ome, the Art of Poetry; which when they do, they &s;peak out with loud voyce; and moving their hands unto their &s;ides, they pronounce their mean|ings. They under&s;tand no artifi|cial Mu&s;ick; but frame ver&s;es to certain rules, which con&s;i&s;t of ele|ven &s;illables. The hotne&s;s of the
<PB N="17" REF="18">Clymate, &amp; often &s;ickne&s;&s;es, makes mo&s;t inclined to Phy&s;ick, wherein they have &s;ome &s;mall knowledge. They learn A&s;tronomy, to be thought able to tell fortunes. Prin|ting is &s;upplied by a number of wri|ting Prie&s;ts; and perhaps neglected (as all learning is) to maintain the peoples ignorance, and keep them off from &s;earch into the gro&s;s ab|&s;urdities of their con&s;trained Reli|gion.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD>Of Marriages.</HEAD>
<P>THey marry without Vowes or Oathes, take Wives without portions, and for the mo&s;t part buy them; contrary to the Roman cu&s;tome, where the Son in law was bought with Money to take a Daughter. This married Woman carries nothing with her for u&s;e or ornament, which &s;he is not forced to redeem or purcha&s;e from her
<PB N="18" REF="19">Parents. Evil manners or &s;terility, are cau&s;es of Divorces; for which there is a peculiar Judge. They permit their bond-men or pur|cha&s;ed &s;ervants to marry; but the i&s;&s;ue of them are all born &s;laves. The <HI>Alcoran</HI> per&s;wadeth marriage, as plea&s;ing God and Man; and it allows plurality of Wives and Concubines, as many as Man plea&s;|eth. The Turk among&s;t his (where|of he hath above five hundred in his Seraglio's) nameth her for his Wife or Sultana, by whom he hath his fir&s;t-begotten Son. All their Wives are u&s;ed with equality of re&s;pect, in diet, cloaths, returns, and what concerns them; and are mo&s;t obedient to their Husbands. They nur&s;e their own Children, and bear them on their Shoulders, not in their Arms: no men, but Eu|nuchs, are &s;uffered to be with them, not their own Sons, if a|bove twelve years of age: they ne|ver
<PB N="19" REF="19">go abroad, but accompanied with onely Women.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD>Of Strangers.</HEAD>
<P>PIlgrims of &s;everal Nations tra|vel to vi&s;it holy places, which the Turk po&s;&s;e&s;&s;eth; as <HI>Mecha</HI> and <HI>Medinum,</HI> (as Chri&s;tians, <HI>Jeru&s;alem</HI>) where they &s;ay <HI>Mahomet</HI> was buri|ed; but this is done as well for gain and profit, as for devotion or Reli|gions &s;ake. And there having &s;een a gilded Shoo hanging from the roof of the Church, &amp; bought &s;uch fine linen and cloath as they plea&s;e, they return home with great advantage; &s;ome carrying about the Streets, water, from thence, in gla&s;&s;es, for devotions &s;ake, and freely give it to any that are thir&s;ty; others, do the like for profit. And if any one of them happen to die in this Pil|grimage, by what occa&s;ion &s;oever, although he ne'er arrive neer <HI>Me|cha,</HI>
<PB N="20" REF="20">yet he hath the e&s;timation, and &s;hall be placed in the rank of Pil|grims.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD>Miracles done by <HI>Mahomet</HI> at <HI>Mecha,</HI> which, they &s;ay, he &s;till doth in the&s;e times.</HEAD>
<P>I Know not whether I &s;hould call them Miracles, or rather Mon|&s;trous toyes, written in their book called <HI>Mehemedine,</HI> wherein they are per&s;waded, that when <HI>Mecha</HI> was a building, GOD, by the prayers of <HI>Mahomet,</HI> commanded divers moun|tains to bring their &s;tone to the Fa|brick of that Church, every Hill his tenth: and when divers Moun|tains had brought their portions, and <HI>Mecha</HI> built and perfectly com|pleated, a certain Hill called <HI>Ara|phat,</HI> and &s;ome other more remote, coming thither with their tenths &s;omewhat too late, and finding <HI>Me|cha</HI> built, and no u&s;e of their &s;tones,
<PB N="21" REF="20">they began mo&s;t bitterly to weep; which when <HI>Mahomet</HI> perceived Hills &s;o di&s;tre&s;&s;ed, and under&s;tood the cau&s;e, he &s;aid unto them, <HI>Be of good cheer, weep not, but &s;tore your tenths up in a place which I &s;hall &s;hew you; and who&s;oever &s;hall not pray upon your &s;tones, his pilgrimage &s;hall be un|profitable and unaccepted.</HI> And after &s;o doing, <HI>Mahomet</HI> &s;truck the &s;tones with his foot, and there i&s;&s;ued out Water, not u&s;eful to drink; and impo&s;ed a name, and called it, <HI>A water of purification,</HI> whereof every Pilgrim carrieth at his return, &s;ome portions thereof in ve&s;&s;els; and whenever any die, the ve&s;tures wherewith the body is to be co|vered, are &s;prinkled with this water, for remi&s;&s;ion of their &s;ins. And they further affirm, That no man can come to <HI>Mecha,</HI> who&s;e vi&s;it is not known to <HI>Mahomet,</HI> who reveals the per&s;ons to the Keepers there (all Eunuchs:) and if a Pilgrim come,
<PB N="22" REF="21">a Ravi&s;her, or wicked Man, a Chri|&s;tian, or any of Religion different from theirs; the&s;e &s;aid Keepers for|bid him entrance into <HI>Mecha.</HI> But the body of <HI>Mahomet</HI> is not there, as &s;ome affirm, but onely an imagi|nary form in the Wall of the Church, expre&s;&s;ing the lineament of a body, which is often ki&s;&s;ed; and &s;o they return home again. Such lying follies, for miracles, the&s;e Infidels are po&s;&s;e&s;&s;ed with, concerning <HI>Mahomet;</HI> and divers others, &s;o ridiculous, as I omit for mode&s;ties &s;ake: yet mu&s;t advi&s;e the Reader, if he plea&s;e, to interro|gate any Turk therein, and he will finde I have &s;poke nothing but meer Truth.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<PB N="23" REF="21">
<HEAD>Of their Alms.</HEAD>
<P>THe <HI>Alcoran</HI> obligeth men to Alms, as meritorious, and much plea&s;ing God; and &s;aith, <HI>The contra|ry comes from the Devil.</HI> They have Ho&s;pitals for poor travellers, built by the Wills and Legacies of their Kings; where they have meat in different manners: &s;ome allow Rice with fle&s;h, others prepare Wheat Bread, and Water to drink; but for re&s;t or Lodgings, there is no place allowed: yet there are &s;ome few publick receptacles, where they are received without charge, or other bedding than Straw or Hay; but they repo&s;e under a good Roof.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<PB N="24" REF="22">
<HEAD>Of their Sacrifice.</HEAD>
<P>THeir Offerings or Oblations are for the mo&s;t part upon pro|mi&s;e or vows, in &s;ickne&s;&s;es or other dangers; and then they kill an Ox or a Sheep, according to abilities; and promi&s;e to &s;acrifice it in &s;ome certain place. This Offering is not burnt, or placed on an Altar, after the cu&s;tome of the <HI>Jews;</HI> but the bea&s;t being killed, the skin, head, and feet, and a fourth part of the fle&s;h, is given to the Prie&s;t; a|nother part, to the poor; a third, to neighbours; and the remainder they keep for them&s;elves and friends to rejoyce withal. Neither are they tied to perform the&s;e vows, unle&s;s they e&s;cape the di&s;|ea&s;e or danger for which they in|tended them: all things with them being conditionall; <HI>I give you, if you give me.</HI> And the like is
<PB N="25" REF="22">ob&s;erved by the <HI>Greeks, Armenians,</HI> and other A&s;iatick people, even of the Chri&s;tian Faith.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD>Of their Wills and Legacies.</HEAD>
<P>IF any of their Mu&s;&s;elmen make a Will, their Legacies are given before Friends or Neighbours; and they are commonly for cutting Water-cour&s;es, for conveying Springs from &s;ome remote places, to Ho&s;pitals, Churches, or dry ha|bitations; and that for Piety &s;ake, and their &s;ouls benefit. Others give money to free bond-men out of thraldom. But Women for the mo&s;t part (as mo&s;t &s;uper&s;titi|ous) bequeath their gifts to Souldi|ers, for a certain &s;laughter of Chri|&s;tians, which they conceive to be greatly beneficial for their Souls. The Legacies of their Kings are for the building of Ho&s;pitals, Chur|ches; and &s;o likewi&s;e are tho&s;e of e|minent and great per&s;onages.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<PB N="26" REF="23">
<HEAD>Ceremonies of the Dead.</HEAD>
<P>VVHen any of their Mu&s;|&s;elmen die, men take the Funeral-care of men, and wo|men of women. They wa&s;h the de|parted body very clean, and wrap it in fine linen; then they carry it out of Town, into &s;ome remote place, (for they hold it &s;inful to bury in their Churches.) fir&s;t, Friends of the decea&s;ed and Prie&s;ts meet and go in progre&s;s, certain Monks bearing wax Candles; then follow &s;ome of their Prie&s;ts &s;inging till they come to the Grave, &s;haking their heads, &amp; often turning round, fall down with giddine&s;s, as in a trance. The better &s;ort have their Graves lined with Boards at bot|tom and at &s;ides, and covered with Boards, on which they throw the Earth, and &s;trowe &s;ometimes the &s;eeds of Flowers thereon. Great
<PB N="27" REF="23">Men and Ba&s;&s;a's have peculiar Chappels for them&s;elves and Kindred. The poor are buried by high-wayes, or in open-field. If the decea&s;ed be of poor ability, there is then money gathered for &s;atisfaction of labour for tho&s;e re|ligious Men, which is offered in the Streets.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD>Of the edifice of a Sepulchre, called <HI>Tulbe.</HI></HEAD>
<P>OVer this &s;tately Tombe, (be|ing Prince-like) there is ere|cted a goodly Temple, wherein their Kings are buried in the City with great magnificence. Both rich and meaner, have an Altar built of &s;uch an heighth, as Bea&s;ts cannot annoy or pollute it with any foulne&s;s: thither with lamentati|ons &amp; weepings they often return; and &s;pread upon the monument &s;a|crifices of meats, bread, fle&s;h,
<PB N="28" REF="24">chee&s;e, eggs, milk. This Solem|nity or Funeral-Supper continues for nine dayes after the parties burial, (according to the Heathen manner) for the &s;oul of teh de|parted: and it is left to be eaten by the Poor, by Ants, or Fowls of the Air. They &s;ay, <HI>It equally plea&s;|eth God, to give alms to Bea&s;ts that want, as men, when they are given for God's &s;ake.</HI> I have &s;een many buy birds in cages at good values, one|ly to &s;et them at liberty, and &s;ee them flye away; others, throw Bread into Rivers for Fi&s;hes, and that for the love of God, &s;aying, That <HI>&s;uch charity towards the needy, doth obtain a great reward from Hea|ven.</HI></P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<PB N="29" REF="24">
<HEAD>Concerning War.</HEAD>
<P>THe Turks have all one Empe|ror or King of the Race of <HI>Otto|man;</HI> who hath next to him&s;elf in Authority two Sangiachs, or Vice|roys, chief Governours, th' one of <HI>Europe,</HI> th' other of <HI>A&s;ia;</HI> and the&s;e have under them Lieutenants of le&s;|&s;er quality, who command the or|dinary Souldiery; and if they fail, being call'd to any expedition, are pre&s;ently puni&s;hed with death. He hath others always following him; as Councellors, Guardians of his body, ever neer him; chamberlains, chancellors, &amp; exactors of tribute, for monies and young people; with certain numbers of light-hor&s;e, me&s;|&s;engers, &amp; divers others that conti|nually follow the court. His greate&s;t &s;trength is in his Slaves; Children (for the mo&s;t part) torn from Chri|&s;tian Parents, with Tribute-Chil|dren
<PB N="30" REF="25">bred and educated in &s;everal Seraglio's, Captives taken in War, and Renegado's. Of the&s;e, &s;ome are trained up, and &s;erve on hor&s;e; who have a double &s;tipend to the Foot, and alwayes ready at com|mand, in &s;tables keeping four hun|dred hor&s;e together. The great body of Foot-Souldiery are the Janizaries, all commanded by a Chief, called their <HI>Aga,</HI> a per&s;on of mighty tru&s;t, and like importance; who hath under him divers inferi|our Commanders, and have Sera|glio's apart. Of the&s;e, and Auxi|liary Forces, the Turk can draw three hundred thou&s;and to the Field. A great part of the&s;e Jani|zaries attend the Court, Amba&s;&s;a|dors hou&s;es, and protect all Chri|&s;tian Inhabitants and Travellers, for rewards; and are faithful in tho&s;e imployments. Their Standard in the Field, is an Hor&s;e-Tail tied upon a pole; an Emblem of their
<PB N="31" REF="25">fir&s;t barbarity and rudene&s;s. His &s;trength at Sea is not con&s;iderable, con&s;i&s;ting mo&s;t in Gallies, and tho&s;e not equal to &s;ome Italian Princes; nor hath he many, for want of Slaves, whom he im|ployes more for Land-&s;ervices. The be&s;t of Shipping, is under the Ba&s;&s;a's of <HI>Algier</HI> and <HI>Tunis,</HI> whom he manageth with much po|licy; &s;ometime as Rebels, and &s;ome|time as good Subjects, to his be&s;t advantage again&s;t Chri&s;tians: for if they complain of lo&s;s, the Turk then &s;ayes, <HI>He cannot rule them.</HI> If th' other do the like, he'll take tre|ble damages.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD>The Condition of Neblemen.</HEAD>
<P>THere is not any of tho&s;e great Per&s;onages that po&s;&s;e&s;s by right of inheritance any Pro|vince, City or real E&s;tate, to derive unto his Children or Succe&s;&s;ors,
<PB N="32" REF="26">without con&s;ent of the King. If any of their Dukes or Princes de|&s;ire po&s;&s;e&s;&s;ions, it mu&s;t be with this condition; the value of the Place or Territory is fir&s;t con&s;idered, and the Revenues thereof, whereby the Turk apportioneth what number of Souldiers that can annually maintain: then the Lord is en|joyned alwayes to keep in readine&s;s that number, for any his com|mands; and in default, his head is lo&s;t: nothing can excu&s;e his pre|&s;ence in any commanded place, but known want of health and &s;ickne&s;s. And when&s;oever it plea&s;e the Turk to ea&s;e him of this benefit, it's at his liberty; but if not deprived, he enjoyes it during life: after death, if his Succe&s;&s;ors will ob&s;erve the fame conditions, they are often ad|mitted; if not, 'tis then di&s;po&s;ed to others. And if it happen, any one of the&s;e great ones have occa|&s;ion to &s;peak unto their King, with
<PB N="33" REF="26">eyes fixed on the ground, they dare not look him in the face.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD>Of Ba&s;&s;a's, who may be called Coun&s;el|lors, Chancellors, or Secretaries.</HEAD>
<P>THe&s;e for the mo&s;t part are all Eunuchs, ca&s;trated when Youths, and bred in <HI>Seraglio's,</HI> for attendants on the Turki&s;h Concu|bines: and of later yeers, &s;ome of them (as I was informed, being a Slave to a great Man in <HI>Con&s;tantino|ple</HI>) are cut &s;o clo&s;e the body, that they often die by th' inci&s;ion; and if live, they ever after u&s;e &s;mall pipes for di&s;charging their water: &s;uch is their cruel jealou&s;ie, intro|duced (as 'twas &s;aid) by an Empe|rour that perceived a Gelding leap a Mare. The&s;e Ba&s;&s;a's are of greate&s;t e&s;teem with the Turk, next to the Sangiachs; and they are almo&s;t all that are preferred to that dignity; Children of Chri&s;tian Pa|rents,
<PB N="34" REF="27">violently taken from them: and none of them, although he hath to Wife a Daughter of a Turk, (as <HI>Hurstan</HI> Ba&s;&s;a had) can enjoy a Pari&s;h, Ca&s;tle, or Village by inheritance; but if he be pro|moted to any dignity or po&s;&s;e&s;&s;i|ons, he enjoyes it till his death, or &s;o long as the Turk plea&s;eth. Each Ba&s;&s;a hath a Court of Ju&s;tice in the Province he commandeth, from whence appeals are to the King, or great Mufty; who&s;e &s;entence is concluding and immoveable.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD>The obedience of Turks to the King.</HEAD>
<P>NOne of their Janizaries or great Captains have licen&s;e to wear Swords or other Arms within the Cities, unle&s;s the King go forth his Palace, for Devotion &s;ake or Hunting. And where there are Magi&s;trates or Governours of Towns, Porters carry with them
<PB N="35" REF="27">&s;taves or clubs; and finding any quarrellings or offerings at inju|ries, they pre&s;ently puni&s;h them with tho&s;e in&s;truments; and no man &s;peaking to them, dares look them in the face; but falling on the earth, ki&s;s their feet, with eyes to the ground, and &s;peak as to them|&s;elves. And when&s;oever they &s;end forth Me&s;&s;engers with Letters to Governours, Cities, or Pro|vinces, who&s;e hor&s;e grows faint by journeying, this Me&s;&s;enger hath full authority to di&s;-hor&s;e whom ere he meets; and meeting none, he turns into the next Town or Village, and repairs to the chief Officer; and if he pre&s;ently pro|vides him not an hor&s;e, he's hang'd before his door: and for this cau&s;e, many make u&s;e of a&s;&s;es, rather then keep hor&s;e. And when this Me&s;&s;enger &s;hall come to whom he was &s;ent, he is mo&s;t honourably received, his Letters ki&s;&s;ed with
<PB N="36" REF="28">great humility, and their Contents an&s;wered with incredible celerity and quick di&s;patch. No Princes dare contradict one &s;illable there|in. None dare (as here) rebel; all men live in &s;uch awful fear and trembling: Tortures and pre&s;ent death depending on his will.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD>The Turki&s;h &s;trength, how dimini&s;hed.</HEAD>
<P>THe Emperour di&s;tributes in &s;ome equality all Provinces to his Noblemen; but with condi|tion, that &s;uch a Souldiery &s;hall be continually maintained by him with the Revenues of that Pro|vince, both in time of Peace and War. A Souldier killed, is not lo&s;s to him, unle&s;s the Province likewi&s;e be lo&s;t: as for example, The Turk hath now four hundred Souldiers, whereof one hundred is maintained by <HI>Hungary;</HI> now if he lo&s;e <HI>Hungary,</HI> tho&s;e Souldiers
<PB N="37" REF="28">are lo&s;t: if he lo&s;e no Province, he lo&s;eth nothing; for he can rai&s;e more in their rooms; as Church-Officers, or benefits, ea&s;ily finde in vancancies Succe&s;&s;ors.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD>The condition of Chazilars.</HEAD>
<P>THe&s;e are &s;tout Souldiers, and excellently ver&s;ed in military affairs, who in their fir&s;t encounters break their Lances, without o|ther Armour, then a Sword, Lance, and Target, u&s;ing it as we do with Coat of Fence and Helmet; the Lance being broke, they u&s;e the Sword, and fight valiantly, alwayes aiming at the head or hands, and think it ignominious to thur&s;t at their adver&s;ary, or an hor&s;e, with point of Sword. The&s;e Men &s;pend all their lives and hopes un|der the protection of a Godde&s;s, Fortune; having a Proverb with them, <HI>What is written, will befal them;</HI>
<PB N="38" REF="29">that is, What that Godde&s;s hath printed on the head at each Man's Nativity, cannot be po&s;&s;ibly a|voided, though he were pre&s;erved in a Ca&s;tle unexpugnable. The actions of the&s;e men are writ in ver&s;es, and &s;ung by all Men; that others &s;tirried up by like prai&s;e and honour, might, with like au|dacity, advance again&s;t an Enemy, couragiou&s;ly and valiantly: and, for each victory of the&s;e Men, their &s;tipends are doubled; and, are obliged attendance on their King, on hor&s;e-back, with Lances, Swords, and Iron Clubs: &s;ome, have Targets; &s;ome, none; and are paid as well in Peace as War.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD>The order of their Foot.</HEAD>
<P>THeir fir&s;t are Bow-men, with Arrows, Bows, and Javelins; they are di&s;tingui&s;hed from Jani|zaries
<PB N="39" REF="29">by coverings of the head. The &s;econd is of Janizaries, who in&s;tead of Bows, have Guns, with &s;hort Hatchets: all the&s;e are ga|thered from among&s;t Chri&s;tians living under Tribute, by force &s;natched from their Friends being young, circumci&s;ed, and educated as afore&s;aid. The&s;e fight mo&s;t valiantly again&s;t Chri&s;tians, yet have but &s;lender &s;tipends for their maintenance; &s;ome four, five, or &s;ix A&s;pers a day; of which, &s;ixty make a Crown Engli&s;h. And the&s;e are prohibited on pain of death, to come on hor&s;e-back, un|le&s;s &s;ick. There are &s;ome few likewi&s;e, &s;ons of Turks, made Jani|zaries. There is a third order, whom they call Azaplars, who&s;e &s;tipends determine with the War, and are all &s;ons of Turks. The&s;e u&s;e a longer Lance, with Swords, and red hats or bonnets, or other co|loured cloath, with crooked angles
<PB N="40" REF="30">like half Moons; and &s;o di&s;tingui&s;h|ed by Arms and Habit, from th' o|ther orders. There is a fourth of the Grecian &s;ect, who have no other &s;tipend, then freedom from paying Tributes and Tenths. They commonly attend the Turks hor&s;e of plea&s;ure, keeping them at their own charge, and well managing them for war.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD>Of the Turks Pavilions.</HEAD>
<P>WHen the King removes from <HI>Constantinople,</HI> to any Expedi|tion of War, he carrieth with him double Tents, that when one is planted this day, th' other is carried to the next &s;tation, ready to receive him the day following: the num|ber and magnitude of the&s;e Pavili|ons is &s;uch, that afar off they &s;eem no le&s;s then Cities: round a|bout the King's Pavilion, are the Tents of Princes and great Men,
<PB N="41" REF="30">encompa&s;&s;ing his in circle. Then the hor&s;e-men of Arms, two or three together, have their Tent: the foot-men have the like for di&s;|cipline &s;ake, and to keep them from cold Air. When the body of the Army moves, Yeomen foot|men clear the wayes, and here and there make heaps of &s;tone, or piles of wood, for ea&s;e and direction of the pa&s;&s;age; &s;o as even in dark|ne&s;s of the night they can hardly erre. The Army moveth at mid|night, and till mid-day following marcheth. The King rides be|tween two Ba&s;&s;a's talking with him, before whom marcheth &s;ome of the order of Janizaries on hor&s;e|back, bearing lighted Candles in time of night. Certain Cap|tains follow them with iron Clubs round pointed, who keep off men from &s;ight of the King a good large di&s;tance: among&s;t the&s;e, are num|bers of the King's Guard; and a|mong&s;t
<PB N="42" REF="31">them, a Chariot of Women and Boyes, fitted for u&s;e of the Turk and his Nobility. The&s;e great Men, go &s;ome before, &s;ome follow the&s;e Captains with great multitudes of Souldiers, hor&s;e and foot, and all conditions; &s;ome for &s;tipend, &s;ome for plunder; but all men.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD>Their carriages of Bea&s;ts.</HEAD>
<P>THen follow a multitude of Ca|mels, Mules, Hor&s;e, and &s;ome|time Elephants laden with Victu|als, Pavilions, and all nece&s;&s;aries for military u&s;es; and where the Turk pitcheth his Tent, there eve|ry one, according to his condition, (as in a City) &s;ets up his habitation; Boothes for Taylors, Bakers, But|chers, Sutlers, and all &s;orts of Vi|ctuallers: &s;ome &s;ell dainty fle&s;h, and fowls; and when fre&s;h meat cannot be had, then what is brought
<PB N="43" REF="31">upon their Bea&s;ts, they expo&s;e to &s;ale; bisket, dry meats, chee&s;e, curds, and milk. All Turks are generally mo&s;t patient in &s;uffering hunger, thir&s;t, and cold. They &s;eldom lodge in Towns, but field it in their Tents, neer water-&s;prings, Rivers, or Meadows, taking more care of their cattel then them&s;elves; content with little and cour&s;e diet, curds mingled with water, bread with milk, &s;ometime bisket: ma|&s;ter and &s;ervant eat together. They keep deep &s;ilence in the night; they neglect &s;tirring after fugitives, for fear of rai&s;ing clamours; which are forbid upon great mulcts and pu|ni&s;hments: but when they go to re&s;t, or ri&s;e to march, all with an u|nanimous noi&s;e, cry out, <HI>Allah, Allah, Allohu,</HI> that is, <HI>O God,</HI> thrice repeated.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<PB N="44" REF="32">
<HEAD>Of justice exerci&s;ed in War.</HEAD>
<P>THere is &s;o much &s;everity in military di&s;cipline, that no Souldier dares unju&s;tly &s;eize on any thing of anothers; for if he do, he dies without mercy. They have among&s;t them certain Guardians, Defenders of all Pa&s;|&s;engers from Souldiers violence, with Boyes of eight or ten yeers old, carrying bread, eggs, fruit, oats, and &s;uch-like things to &s;ell. The&s;e Guardians are bound to free and pre&s;erve all Orchards, Gardens, Clo&s;es, they pa&s;s by; &s;o far, that they them&s;elves dare not touch an Apple, Pear, or Grape, or any &s;uch-like thing, without the owners licen&s;e; otherwi&s;e they lo&s;e their heads. When I was pre&s;ent in the Turki&s;h Army in an Expedition a|gain&s;t the <HI>Per&s;ian,</HI> I &s;aw a great Com|manders head, with hor&s;e and &s;er|vants,
<PB N="45" REF="32">all three cut off, becau&s;e that hor&s;e had been found grazing in an|other mans pa&s;ture un&s;atisfied for.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD>Celebrations of a Turki&s;h victory.</HEAD>
<P>WHen a Conque&s;t is decla|red, the Cities &s;traight throw them&s;elves into all delights and joyings. At en|trance of night, for good au&s;pice of the &s;olemnity, Torches, Wax-can|dles, Lamps, Fire-brands, Fire|works, and all things that give light, are everywhere di&s;po&s;ed of throughout the City; with Gar|pets, co&s;tly Hangings, Tape&s;try, and Silken, Silver, and Gold Ve&s;t|ments, their hou&s;es all are covered, but e&s;pecially that way, by which the Emperor entreth. The chiefe&s;t triumph is made in <HI>Con&s;tantinople,</HI> his conftant re&s;idence, unle&s;s occa|&s;ioned by war into &s;ome other Re|gion. And he is bound by Law
<PB N="46" REF="33">at every three yeers end, to under|take &s;ome expedition into Chri&s;ti|an Territories, for advancing or defending his own Kingdom. I verily believe, and do confe&s;s, for tho&s;e dayes he celebrates for Vi|ctory, no Mortal eye, (nay, not the Moon or Sun) did ere behold a &s;pectacle more glorious and re|&s;plendent, for order, number, &s;i|lence, richne&s;s, &s;tate, and magnifi|cence in all kindes. It is impo&s;&s;i|ble for onely man to be exalted to a loftier degree of &s;ublimation, then this Pagan when triumphful.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD>Of their hunting and hawking.</HEAD>
<P>NO Nation under the Sun de|lights &s;o much in hunting, as doth the <HI>Turki&s;h;</HI> they'll follow game through rocky, &s;teepy, craggy mountains, and that, on hor&s;eback, taking diver&s;ities of Bea&s;ts; but if any chance to be killed, or &s;uffoca|ted
<PB N="47" REF="33">by dogs or cha&s;e, they never eat thereof, nor any Chri&s;tian that lives in tho&s;e Regions: and if they kill wilde Boars, they give them to the next inhabiting Chri&s;tians, <HI>Mu&s;&s;elmen</HI> being forbidden to feed on Hogs fle&s;h. The Turk hath multitudes of Faulkoners (above thou&s;ands) in con&s;tant wages through his Empire. Their Hawks both long and &s;hort wing'd very hardy. The like charge he's at, for all &s;orts of dogs: nothing can move in th'Air, or &s;tir on Land, that &s;hall not be encountred, and &s;eized on. The&s;e charges, with the Soul|diery, Officers, <HI>Seraglio's,</HI> and Court-attendances, are in a manner infinite; and yet &s;upplied more by ca&s;ualities then Revenues con&s;tant: for he commands all mens fortunes at his plea&s;ure, and is the general Heir of all that by nature die, or violence.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<PB N="48" REF="34">
<HEAD>Of Artificers and Hu<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="MURP" EXTENT="1 letter">bandmen.</HEAD>
<P>THe Country-people with their Servants plow their Lands, and pay the Tenths of all encrea&s;e unto the King. Artificers main|tain them&s;elves by Trades: who live in idlene&s;s, con&s;ume in hunger. They eagerly pur&s;ue all &s;orts of Merchandizings; travelling the le&s;&s;er <HI>A&s;ia, Arabia, Aegypt,</HI> and States of the <HI>Venetians.</HI> They have their Baths in every City, where in &s;olemn manner they wa&s;h them|&s;elves. When they make Water, they wa&s;h that part; and the like, when they ea&s;e their bodies. The like is done by Women, who have hand-maids following them, with Ve&s;&s;els filled with Water; and when they bathe, they anoynt them&s;elves with &s;uch an unguent, that within the &s;pace of half an hour, roots off all hair from parts
<PB N="49" REF="34">anoynted. Men and Women do the &s;ame; not &s;uffering hair to in|crea&s;e: and this is done twice or thrice each month, e&s;pecially when they frequent the Church; other|wi&s;e, (as violators of &s;acred places) they are burnt with fire. They have divers &s;orts of Artificers; Taylors, Shoe-makers, Gold and Silver-Smiths, and for all &s;orts of Metals; Painters, Carpenters, Stone-cutters; but not of &s;uch wits and exqui&s;ite inventions, as in our parts.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD>Of Ju&s;tice among Citizens.</HEAD>
<P>THey have one Judge as well of Chri&s;tians as Turks, but al|wayes cho&s;en from among&s;t the <HI>Mu&s;&s;elmen</HI>) to admini&s;ter equal right to all men. If any kill another, he &s;uffereth death: if &s;teal or violently taketh from another, he is hanged; as it happened to a Janizary, who
<PB N="50" REF="35">drunk milk of a poor Woman's, brought to &s;ell, and paid not for it; and accu&s;ed before the Judge, de|nied the fact; whereupon, being &s;trerched up by cords at his feet, and about his middle, he forth with vomited the milk, and was imme|diately by the Judge commanded to be &s;trangled: this happened: in my pre&s;ence at <HI>Dama&s;co,</HI> when I traveled from <HI>Armenia</HI> to <HI>Jeru&s;alem.</HI> If any commit adultery, the Man is ca&s;t into &s;trict Pri&s;on; yet after divers months may be redeemed: the Woman is carried about the &s;treets riding on an A&s;s, beaten naked with whips, &s;tones thrown at her, and a Bull's pizzle tied about her Neck. He that gives a blow, is cut cro&s;s the face, and led about the &s;treets for terrour. All &s;uits have this good piece of Ju&s;tice, that right or wrong they la&s;t not above three dayes. Their differences are few, becau&s;e they buy and &s;ell
<PB N="51" REF="35">for ready Money; their chiefe&s;t wealth con&s;i&s;ting in it: for few have Lands or Revenues, but who command the Souldiery: but generally the Turk 's Law and Equity is in his Sword, and both opppre&s;&s;ed and &s;tifled with Fear and Bribery, two potent and prevailing Agents. To &s;poil, to rob, to kill, to murther, upon de|&s;ign of intere&s;t, he &s;ayes, <HI>'Tis Ju|&s;tice;</HI> deva&s;tation and de&s;truction of whole Provinces &amp; Kingdoms, he calleth, <HI>Peace.</HI> And if in ought he advi&s;e with Coun&s;el or the great Mufty, 'tis not for &s;ub&s;tance, but formality of ju&s;tice, as well a&s;&s;ured from gain-&s;aying an oppo&s;ition.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD>Of Husbandry.</HEAD>
<P>BOth Chri&s;tians and <HI>Mu&s;&s;elmen</HI> manure and till their Grounds, Vineyards, and Pa&s;tures, and have like Fruits and Corn to ours;
<PB N="52" REF="36">Wheat, Millet, Barley, Oats, win|ter-Wheat, Pea&s;e, Beans, and all kindes of Pul&s;e, and Rice in abun|dance; Linen, and Cotten wools, more then the&s;e Nations; Vine|yards like ours; but u&s;e their Grapes in different manner; where we make Wine, the Turk hath a kinde of Honey with them; &s;o medicining their Grapes, that both in ta&s;te and colour they appear al|wayes fre&s;h: other Fruits they have in great plenty; Melons, Cu|cumbers, Pumpions: repleni&s;h well their Fields and Gardens in their &s;ea&s;ons: Nuts, Pears, Apples, Peaches of all &s;orts, Apricocks, Che&s;nuts, Figs, Lemons, Oringes, Cherries, and &s;uch-like, at &s;mall rates; but not in equal plenty in all Kingdomes: and there are &s;ome within the Turks Dominion, as <HI>Cappadocia,</HI> and le&s;s <HI>Armenia,</HI> where, in regard of cold, they have no &s;uch-like Frutages.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<PB N="53" REF="36">
<HEAD>Of diver&s;ity of Cattle.</HEAD>
<P>THey have Shepherds, (whom they call <HI>Sobanlars</HI>) alwayes living in &s;olitary places, and every Month remove their &s;tations; they neither have po&s;&s;e&s;&s;ions or hou&s;es, other then their Tents, and Cattle; as Camels, Mules, Hor&s;e, Cows, Oxen, Sheep, and Goates; whom they feed, make Chee&s;e and Butter; &s;hear the Wool, and &s;o make Cloaks, Mantles, and Tape&s;try, which they &s;ell, and &s;upply thereby their Families with Corn and ne|ce&s;&s;aries. All the&s;e Shepherds pay the King tenths of all annual en|crea&s;e; and <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="MURP" EXTENT="1 letter">ll Chri&s;tians further pay Tribute, that live under the Turki&s;h Government, for every Male, one Crown yearly; and, that which is mo&s;t cruel, their &s;ons un|maried, are taken forcibly from them every fifth yeer, when their Tents are vi&s;ited.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<PB N="54" REF="37">
<HEAD>Of Hou&s;es.</HEAD>
<P>THey have no great magnifi|cence of buildings; mo&s;t of them are of bricks, but differing; &s;ome are burn'd in Furnaces, &s;ome dryed by the Sun. Their hou&s;es are contiguous, like ours in <HI>Europe;</HI> but in <HI>Natolia,</HI> they are flat tabled without elevation; from whence by Gutters, Pipes, and Chanels, Rain-water flows down to them. The hou&s;es lowe; none above two &s;tories, and meanly furni&s;hed, if not poorly.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD>Of their Garments.</HEAD>
<P>THeir Ve&s;tments are made of Wool, Flax, and &s;pun Silk, &s;ufficiently magnificent. They u&s;e a Garment (which is cal|led <HI>Chaucan</HI>) &s;traight, full of plaits, and of length even to their ankles;
<PB N="55" REF="37">abhorring breeches, as too much directing to, and expre&s;&s;ing privi|ties. Their &s;hirts or &s;mocks are dyed in colour Violet. Their heads are covered with great rolls of Callico, or &s;uch-like &s;tuffe, wound about in fa&s;hion of Pyra|mids; which they call <HI>Turbants.</HI> Women of quality go alwayes with their faces veiled; which are never &s;een of &s;trangers, or in publick places. Their &s;hooes are high, with &s;trong &s;oles, for longer &s;er|vice both of men and women. Some &s;ay that <HI>Mahomet</HI> had a bald or &s;calded head, which he covered with white linen rolled up, as their <HI>Turbants,</HI> from thence derived, and &s;till continued, for they never alter fa&s;hions. They wear long beards, as tokens of their freedom, all Slaves being &s;haved. No great difference in habit between rich and poor; but in the &s;tuffes. They are religiou&s;ly cleanly, and never
<PB N="56" REF="38">&s;een to unburden nature, but always after wa&s;h.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD>Of Viands.</HEAD>
<P>THey u&s;e, as we, bread white and cour&s;e, which they &s;prinkle with certain &s;eeds before 'tis baked, and yieldeth a great &s;weetne&s;s to the eater; which with us is onely u&s;ed in <HI>Granada,</HI> and about <HI>Sivilia</HI> in <HI>Spain.</HI> They u&s;e much art and &s;auces in their Cookeries: but ordinary food is pul&s;e of Rice, &s;o thickned, that it mu&s;t be parted with the hands: they feed on all fle&s;h but Hoggs. There are no Taverns or Innes al|lowed; yet in the &s;treets, divers &s;orts of victuals are &s;old, and all things nece&s;&s;ary for man's &s;u&s;te|nance.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<PB N="57" REF="38">
<HEAD>Of their Beverage.</HEAD>
<P>THey have three &s;orts of drinks: the fir&s;t made with Sugar and Honey mingled with Water. The &s;econd of Rai&s;ins, the &s;tones taken out, and boyled in Water, whereto they add &s;ome Ro&s;e-water, and a little perfect Honey; and this is to be &s;old in mo&s;t parts thorow <HI>Turky;</HI> for it is &s;weet, and puffeth up the belly. The third is made of a Fruit (called <HI>Pechmez</HI>) into Mu&s;t, and hath a kinde of Honey-ta&s;te and colour with it; this, mingled with Water, is given to their Ser|vants. The Hou&s;es where they &s;ell, are frequented as O&s;teries in <HI>Italy,</HI> or Taverns with us. Turks for the mo&s;t part drink onely Wa|ter; they are not &s;uffered to buy or &s;wallow Wines; and who hap|pens to be accu&s;ed, and proved to have drunken thereof, his te&s;timony
<PB N="58" REF="39">in all occa&s;ions and actions in in|valid: and yet in private Chri|&s;tian hou&s;es, they do not ab&s;tain.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD>Of their manner of eating.</HEAD>
<P>WHen they go to Dinner, they fir&s;t &s;trow Mattre&s;&s;es on the floor, and &s;pread upon them Carpets or Pillows; &s;ome &s;it on the bare ground. Their Tables are made of skins, and plaited, to be drawn open more or le&s;s, like to a budget. They neither &s;it, as we do, nor lie along on elbowes, as the ancients; but like a cro&s;s of <HI>Burgondy,</HI> with leggs infolded, they &s;it Taylor-wi&s;e. They alwayes Pray before they eat, then eat greedily and ha&s;tily, but with deep &s;ilence; and in that time their Wives &s;ecluded from them. Men-&s;ervants after twelve yeers age, are never &s;uf|fered to co-habitate in hou&s;es where Women are; but under &s;uch age,
<PB N="59" REF="39">they go about the hou&s;es, &s;erving their Ma&s;ter's occa&s;ions. Captive women have never liberty to go a|broad, unle&s;s their Mi&s;tre&s;&s;es or Ladies go to Vineyards, Graves of Friends departed, Baths, or Gardens out of Town (which they often do) for recreation &s;ake; and otherwi&s;e are kept &s;trict at work in hou&s;es, not &s;uffered to conver&s;e with other captive Servants; as &s;hall be more at large declared in the following Chapter. Their di&s;hes are commonly placed at &s;uch di&s;tance one over another, as 'twere on Pillars, that each man may make choice of three, which plea&s;eth be&s;t. They eat three times a day; but quick therein, unle&s;s at a Fea&s;t, where they &s;it all day.</P>
</DIV2>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 N="2" TYPE="chapter">
<PB N="60" REF="40">
<HEAD>CHAP. II. <HI>Of the afflictions of Cap|tives, and Chri&s;tians un|der the Turki&s;h Tribute.</HI></HEAD>
<P>_WHen the King of <HI>Turks</HI> makes Expeditions a|gain&s;t Chri&s;tians, a|mong&s;t divers &s;orts of Merchants, there al|way follow him on Camels, a mighty number of Buyers or Scor|cers of Children or Men, who in hope of getting Slaves, carry with them bundles of long Ropes, wherewith they ea&s;ily tye together
<PB N="61" REF="40">fifty or &s;ixty men. The&s;e traders purcha&s;e of the Souldiery or Free|booters, whom&s;oever the Sword hath not devoured; which is granted them, upon condition that the King may have the tenth of what is traffick'd for, the re&s;t unto them&s;elves to &s;ell. Nor is there any Merchandize &s;o profita|ble among&s;t them, nor &s;o fre|quent; as anciently among the <HI>Romans,</HI> who called things fairly bought, their proper Goods and Rights, as ju&s;t as that of Slaves.</P>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD>How the Turks imploy their &s;laves.</HEAD>
<P>THe youth and aged of both Sexes, whom Chance by tenths appropriates to the <HI>Turk,</HI> he thus di&s;po&s;eth; the elder in yeers he &s;ells for Husband-men, who yet are rarely or cheap bought; for they &s;eldom e&s;cape the Sword; their age making them le&s;s vendible.
<PB N="62" REF="41">Young men and Maidens, they con|fine them in <HI>Seraglio's,</HI> there to be in&s;tructed in u&s;eful Arts for future times. But fir&s;t, they mu&s;t deny their Faith in Chri&s;t, and then be circumcifed. And thus initiated in their Ceremonies, they diligent|ly examine their phy&s;iognomies, and the &s;everal lineaments of their bodies, and then the whole com|po&s;ure; and according to conceived &s;trength, forwardne&s;s of wit, and di&s;po&s;itions, they are de&s;tinated to learn Laws of the Country, or di&s;|cipline of Wars; and in the mean time are allowed a dayly &s;tipend of two or three A&s;pers, &s;ixty whereof make five &s;hillings, which they conceive a liberal &s;ufficiency for diet and clothing, until they are fitted for imployments. In the elements of War, they thus are trained, according to each &s;trength: they fir&s;t have given them a light bow; skill and &s;trength in|crea&s;ing,
<PB N="63" REF="41">they have a greater and a heavier; &s;o by degrees they are fitted for expedition. They have In&s;tructors, &s;evere Exactors of their dayly Exerci&s;es; and when|&s;oever they erre much from the mark, &s;o often are they cruelly whip'd with &s;courges. The&s;e are inrolled in the order of Bow-men. Others are in&s;tructed and made fit for Janizaries, who have appoint|ed Ma&s;ters and Teachers every day to fight, two together with Cud|gels. Others (an horrid thing) who have more lovely faces, are &s;o clo&s;e cut, that nothing like Man is left them; and this not done with|out great and eminent danger to life: and if the party e&s;cape death, his health is for no other u&s;e, but their mo&s;t wicked lu&s;ts; and after youth's grown aged, they are put to the offices of Eunuchs, to attend on Ladies, Concubines, Hor&s;es, Mules, and &s;ome Kitchin-imploy|ments.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<PB N="64" REF="42">
<HEAD>The condition of Virgins and other Wo|men.</HEAD>
<P>SUch as are of extraordinary beauty, comeline&s;s, or compo|&s;ition of body, are cho&s;en out for Concubines; mean and indifferent Faces, are appointed Matrons, hand-maids; among&s;t who&s;e of|fices &s;ome are &s;o filthy, and &s;o loath&s;ome, as were before (though &s;omewhat uncivilly) related. O|thers are &s;et to womens work, as &s;pinning, carding, weaving. It is free for none of them to profe&s;s the Chri&s;tian Faith, or hope of li|berty during life. There is &s;ome content in hope, but the&s;e have none.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<PB N="65" REF="42">
<HEAD>How private Turks u&s;e Pri&s;oners.</HEAD>
<P>HItherto hath been &s;poken how the Kings u&s;e Captives; now how private men their Pri&s;oners newly taken: fir&s;t, they threaten them with all &s;orts of meancing &s;harp words, promi&s;es, and allure|ments to entice them to Circumci|&s;ion; which if yeilded to, they are treated &s;omewhat more courte|ou&s;ly; but then all hope of ever returning to their Country is clean cut off; and who&s;oever endeavours it, burning is his appointed puni&s;h|ment. Such as are thought more firm and le&s;s fugitive, are admitted to their Ma&s;ters Military imploy|ments, and can onely be made free, when age hath made them u&s;e|le&s;s; and then he is rather turned off, then remitted orderly; or when the Ma&s;ter by hurt in War, or danger of death, bequeaths him
<PB N="66" REF="43">liberty. They are permitted marriage; but their Children are di&s;po&s;ed at the Ma&s;ter's plea&s;ure; which makes the more under&s;tand|ing &s;ort utterly abhor marriage. They who refu&s;e Circumci&s;ion, are mi&s;erably and unhumanely treated; of which I have had the experience of thirteen yeers &s;uf|ferings: nor can I expre&s;s in words the great calamities of &s;uch people.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD>How Christians ignorant in mechanick Arts are u&s;ed.</HEAD>
<P>THe condition of &s;uch unskil|ful men is wretched. Tho&s;e who&s;e toyl brings profit, are onely in reputation with them: and therefore learned Men, Prie&s;ts, and Noble men, who have lived in re|tiredne&s;s and plea&s;ures, when they fall into the hands of <HI>Turks,</HI> are of all mo&s;t mi&s;erable; the Mer|chant
<PB N="67" REF="43">or Man&s;cour&s;er be&s;tows no co&s;t on them, as &s;cant vendible; they walk with naked head and feet, and often their whole bodies; no new cloaths &s;ucceed, the old worn out; they are hurried through Mountains, Rocks, from place to place, Winter and Sum|mer, and have no end thereof till death, or that they finde a fooli&s;h Purcha&s;er, that (they think) buyes ill Merchandize; but no man is &s;o happy, or e&s;teem'd among&s;t them, for Age, Art or Beauty, that they being &s;ick will leave behinde them. Fir&s;t, they are whipped to go on; if they cannot do that, then they are put on hor&s;eback; and there not able to &s;it upright, their bellies are tied on hor&s;eback, no otherwi&s;e then a &s;ack of Corn or Cloak-bag; if he die, he's &s;trip'd of all cloaths, and thrown into the next ditch, to be devoured by dogs and vultures.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<PB N="68" REF="44">
<HEAD>How Pri&s;oners newly taken are u&s;ed.</HEAD>
<P>THey do not onely binde them in endle&s;s chains, but, in their journey, al&s;o manacle their hands; they march the di&s;tance of a large pace one from another, that mutu|ally they do no hurt; and tye their hands, le&s;t with &s;tones they mi&s;|chief do their Ma&s;ters: that when &s;ometimes they lead great multi|tudes, as ten times five hundred chain'd together, the &s;trength of whom, if hands at liberty to throw &s;tones, might much annoy them. At night when they re&s;t, their feet are likewi&s;e chained, and expo&s;ed to all injuries of weather. The condition of Women is a little more humane; they who have &s;trength of limbs, are driven on foot; tho&s;e more tender, are &s;et on hor&s;es; &s;uch as are infirm and can|not ride, are put in baskets or ripi|ers,
<PB N="69" REF="44">as we u&s;e gee&s;e. Afterwards their condition is &s;adder; either they are included in &s;trong Tur|rets, or forced to endure the wicked lu&s;ts of their Merchants. Where &s;till they are, is ever heard va&s;t and hideous howlings of both &s;exes, &s;uffering violations from them; neither doth the age of leaven or &s;ix yeers, defend them from tho&s;e vitious actions: a people incom|parable wicked, both again&s;t na|ture, and before libidinous.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD>How u&s;ed that are expo&s;ed to &s;ale.</HEAD>
<P>AT the break of day they are brought to Market, like droves of &s;heep, or herds of goats: Merchants appear, prizes are &s;et; if the pri&s;oner be liked, his cloaths are &s;tripped off, he is viewed by the buyer, all members &s;uveyed, tryed and throughly &s;earched for faults in joynts or arteries; if he
<PB N="70" REF="45">plea&s;e not, then returned to the owner&punc; and this is done until he finde a purcha&s;er. When bought, he's carried to &s;ome heavy &s;ervi|tude, to plow, keep &s;heep; omit|ing ba&s;er Offices. They endure there many unheard examples of calamities: I have &s;een men tyed together with yokes, to draw the plow. Maidens are &s;everely forced to perpetual labours; &s;eparated from the &s;ight of men, nor are they &s;uffered &s;peech or conference with other Servants. If any man be taken Pri&s;oner with wife and chil|dren, him &s;ome great per&s;on wil|lingly purcha&s;eth, to be imployed in his Country-hou&s;e, in Tillage, Vineyards, Meadows, Pa&s;tures; and Children born of them, are all his Slaves: and if they per&s;evere in Chri&s;tian Faith, a certain time is alotted them to &s;ervitude, and then made free; their Children notwith&s;tanding continue Slaves
<PB N="71" REF="45">at the Ma&s;ter's will, and imployed where he plea&s;eth; for they have no certain nor enrolled E&s;tates of Lands, and &s;o no a&s;&s;ured &s;eats of re&s;idence. If after making free, they de&s;ire to return to their Country, they have Letters Pa|tents given for their Journey. But to &s;uch as abjure the Chri&s;tian Religion, no certain time of bon|dage is pre&s;cribed them, nor right of return; all hopes of their liberty, totally depends upon the Ma&s;ter's plea&s;ure: and when they have got freedom, they pay the Tenths, as other Turks, but freed from other Taxes with which Chri&s;tians are burthened.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD>Of Captives made Shepherds.</HEAD>
<P>THe Husband &mdash; man hath an hard and &s;ad condition, but the Shepherd far more grievous; they always live in &s;olita|rine&s;s
<PB N="72" REF="46">night and day, covered onely with the roof of heaven. The Ma&s;ter and the Wife have &s;ome &s;mall Tents; no &s;helter for the Shepherd, unle&s;s at &s;pare times compelled to work on Tape&s;try or Carpets. Every month they change their Pa&s;tures, and drive their flocks from one Moun|tain to another. Some Ma&s;ters that have more humanity, now and then give &s;mall rewards, which the Servant keeps as his proper Goods, and pre&s;erves, to bear the charge of a return to his Country, if ever he get liberty; but the&s;e large&s;&s;es are &s;eldom done, and then, but as a mi&s;erable enticement to &s;ervitude, thinking thereby to withdraw their hopes of &s;hifting from them. To &s;uch as deny Chri&s;t, and are circumci&s;ed, know|ing they dare not run away, no like indulgence offered.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<PB N="73" REF="46">
<HEAD>E&s;capes of pri&s;oners out of <HI>Europe.</HI></HEAD>
<P><HI>European</HI> Slaves may more ea&s;ily e&s;cape, then tho&s;e &s;old into tran&s;maritime Regions; they pa&s;s Rivers onely, that may be &s;wim|med over; others, with great dif|ficulty mu&s;t pa&s;s the Helle&s;pont. Such as intend e&s;capes, u&s;ually at|tempt it in Harve&s;t &s;ea&s;on, to hide them&s;elves in Fields of Corn, and by it live. The Nights they Travel; the Day lie clo&s;e, in Corn, Woods, or Mar&s;hes; and rather chu&s;e to be devoured by Wolves, then brought back to their Tyger-Ma&s;ters.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD>Out of le&s;&s;er <HI>A&s;ia.</HI></HEAD>
<P>WHo flye from thence, re|pair to the Helle&s;pontick Sea, between <HI>Callipolis,</HI> and tho&s;e Towers of <HI>Sestos</HI> and <HI>A|bidos,</HI>
<PB N="74" REF="47">now called by the Turks, <HI>Bo|gaz A&s;er,</HI> that is, <HI>Castles on the mouth of the Sea,</HI> where the Waters are &s;traight and narrow; hither they come with Saws and Ropes, cut Timber-Trees, and tye them fa&s;t together, to &s;erve and &s;ave them|&s;elves for &s;hipping; carrying no|thing with them but &s;alt. If Winde and Fortune favour, in three or four hours they are wafted over; if otherwi&s;e, they peri&s;h in the Sea, or reforc'd again upon the Coa&s;t of <HI>A&s;ia;</HI> if &s;afely pa&s;s, they then betake them&s;elves to the Mountains, and by in&s;pection of the Pole and the Star <HI>Bootes,</HI> they tend their way North-ward; and &s;u&s;tain them&s;elves with Acorns and Herbs &s;od in &s;alt. If many flie together in &s;ociety, &s;ometimes in Night, they &s;et upon the Shep|herds, and what they finde of Victuals take from them; &s;ome|time they kill, and are &s;ometime
<PB N="75" REF="47">killed, or taken, and returned to their old Ma&s;ters and Drudgeries: but the &s;everal dangers of travel|ling, con&s;umes more then e&s;cape, by &s;hipwrack, the enemies &s;word, wilde bea&s;ts, and &s;tarving hunger.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD>The puni&s;hment of Fugitives.</HEAD>
<P>SOme are hanged up by the heels, and mo&s;t cruelly &s;courged; and if commit murther, the &s;oles of his feet are all &s;la&s;hed into furrows, and &s;alt &s;tuffed in. Some have great iron Chains, fa&s;tned on their necks, and forced to wear them day and night, and as long as the Ma&s;ter plea&s;eth.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD>The charity of Greeks and Armenians to Captives.</HEAD>
<P>DEath, and confi&s;cation of all &s;orts of Goods, is inflicted on tho&s;e who undertake, procure, or
<PB N="76" REF="48">a&s;&s;i&s;t Captives in their flight, or running away; yet notwith&s;tanding both <HI>Greeks</HI> and <HI>Armenians</HI> cea&s;e not to entertain them, being Chri&s;ti|ans, to hide them, and in di&s;gui&s;es to conduct them unto &s;hippings of the Venetians or other Chri&s;tians, and freely give them good provi&s;i|ons and all things nece&s;&s;ary for their journeys; nor do they &s;pare or omit any kinde of piety to|wards them; for they confe&s;s to have had heard the like experience from Chri&s;tians charity, when as they travel for con&s;cience &s;ake to <HI>Rome</HI> or <HI>Compostella.</HI></P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD>The Incantation of Turks against Fu|gitives.</HEAD>
<P>THey have certain kinde of Charms, which they think can draw them off from flying. The name of the Slave is written in a Schedule of Paper, which is
<PB N="77" REF="48">hung up in his Tent or Hou&s;e: then with vengeable and horrible Cur&s;es, his head is charged and threatned, conceiving this by the Devil's help, the Fugitive will be affrighted with meeting of Lyons and Dragons in his Journey, or that the Seas or Rivers will &s;wal|low him, the heavens will grow dark, and the&s;e a&s;toni&s;hments will bring him back again.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD>The memory of Chri&s;t by degrees lo&s;t in former Chri&s;tian Provinces.</HEAD>
<P>THere is &s;ome memory yet left of the expugnation of <HI>Con|&s;tantinople,</HI> the Kingdoms of <HI>Greece, Albania, Valachia,</HI> and <HI>Servia,</HI> now reduced to Provinces. The&s;e, for a long time, con&s;tantly retained the Chri&s;tian Faith, but their Children have forgot it; and there will come to pa&s;s a full ob|livion of Chri&s;t. And likely it
<PB N="78" REF="49">is to fall out &s;o in <HI>Croatia, Hungary,</HI> and <HI>Sclavonia,</HI> which are now ad|ditaments and adjuncts to the Turki&s;h Empire.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<HEAD>The condition of the conquered.</HEAD>
<P>VVHen a Province is &s;ub|dued and taken, all &s;orts of Goods moveable and immove|able are given away for &s;poyle. They totally extirpate the whole Nobility; but e&s;pecially the Princely I&s;&s;ue. And when they took <HI>John</HI> the King's Son of <HI>Hun|gary,</HI> and favoured him with life, it was on good advice, that if <HI>Hun|gary</HI> were lo&s;t again, they might imploy and involve him in|to any new incumbrances; and when the Province &s;hould be in a quiet and calme condition, then to di&s;patch him: for in &s;uch re|&s;pects, the Turk regards neither Kindred, Father or Brother; he
<PB N="79" REF="49">&s;pares none. And if they do kill and murder not all Church and Clergy-men they take; yet they expo&s;e them to all &s;corn, naked|ne&s;s and beggery, de&s;poyling them of all their Fortunes, Goods, and Dignities. Their Bells, their Organs, and other In&s;truments and Ornaments of Churches, Chappels, and Devotions, they ra|ven and tear from the Temples, profaning them with con&s;ecration to their <HI>Mahomet;</HI> leaving onely the mo&s;t mi&s;erable and wretched Chappels to the Chri&s;tians, where|in they are forbid publick Pray|ers, and may pray &s;eemingly in &s;ilence: which Chappels, when either Earth-quake, Fire. Tempe&s;t, or Age de&s;troy, they mu&s;t in no &s;ort re-edifie. Preaching or reading parts of the Scripture is utterly forbidden. It is a &s;in to admit a Chri&s;tian to any pub|lick Office, to wear, have Arms
<PB N="80" REF="50">or habit like a Turk: or el&s;e to u&s;e the recreations of cheerfulne&s;s, as Pageants, Playes, or Dan|cings. If they injure Chri&s;t or you, with bitter or contumaci|ous words, you mu&s;t be &s;ilent, and endure it. If you &s;peak ought again&s;t their profe&s;&s;ed Religion. you are forced to circumci&s;ion; and but to whi&s;per again <HI>Mahomet,</HI> Fire and Brim&s;tone followeth. If a Chri&s;tian on hor&s;eback pa&s;s by a <HI>Mu&s;&s;elman,</HI> (that is, one initi|ated in the Turki&s;h Faith) he mu&s;t, on nece&s;&s;ity, light from his hor&s;e, and bowing downe his head wor&s;hip him; which if o|mitted, he &s;traight is knocked down with clubs.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<PB N="81" REF="50">
<HEAD>The condition of Prie&s;ts and Fryers un|der Tribute.</HEAD>
<P>THey are held the wor&s;t of Men, and are e&s;teemed by Turks the very Sacriledge and Scandal of God and Mankinde. They have no benefit from Churches. Upon &s;ome fe&s;tival dayes, a little bread is given them by poor Women, and not on other dayes. They get their livelihood by carrying Wood; their cu&s;tome being, to cut down &s;ticks in Woods, lade them on A&s;&s;es; and with this Merchandize, they cry about the Streets, <HI>Wood to be &s;old.</HI></P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="part">
<PB N="82" REF="51">
<HEAD>The Tribute of Chri&s;tians.</HEAD>
<P>THey pay a part of all en|crea&s;e, not onely of Corn and Cattle, but even Me|chanicks pay it out of all their pro|fits. And then they pay another &s;ub|&s;idie, for every &s;ingle man through a Family, each head a Crown. If Parents refu&s;e this Tribute, their Children are taken from them, and made Slaves. Others are bound in Chains, and beg from door to door to pay this Crown; which if they cannot this way pro|cure, they are ca&s;t into perpetual Pri&s;on; and when all Duties are performed, it is yet lawful for the Turk to chu&s;e the be&s;t among&s;t his Children, whom he circum|ci&s;eth, and removes from all ap|proach or &s;ight of Parents, and breeds him for his Wars, ne'er to return to Friends; and &s;o a childe
<PB N="83" REF="51">ea&s;ily forgets both Chri&s;t, his Pa|rents, and his Kindred; that after, if he chance in company with them, he &s;hall not know them. No Man can expre&s;s by Words, the Lamentations, Cries, Tears and grievous &s;ighs, at this di&s;traction of Children. The Father to &s;ee his Son (educated in the fear of Chri&s;t) torn from him, and made an In&s;trument of Satan, to oppo&s;e Chri&s;t: hurried from his Mother, to live perpetually with &s;trangers, leaving what&s;oever is dear in blood, plea&s;ing in &s;ociety, or loving in familiarity, with an everla&s;ting dereliction: after li&s;ted in the ranks of tho&s;e the <HI>Greeks</HI> call Fatherle&s;s and Motherle&s;s; yet many of the&s;e although they have denied Chri&s;t, carry about them the Go&s;pel of St. <HI>John, (In the beginning was the word,</HI> &amp;c. in <HI>Greek</HI> or the <HI>Arabick</HI> tongue) as an amulet or pre&s;ervative in their Armpits; and with great de|&s;ire
<PB N="84" REF="52">they expect the Chri&s;tian Sword (according to &s;ome Turki&s;h prophe&s;ies) &s;hould revenge and free them from tho&s;e great afflictions and per&s;ecutions; and that if Chri&s;tians do it not, whatever is the cau&s;e, or with what mindes &s;oever hindred; all very ill de&s;erve of Chri&s;tian Religion.</P>
</DIV2>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 N="3" TYPE="chapter">
<PB N="85" REF="52">
<HEAD>CHAP. III. <HI>A Narration of a di&s;pute with a</HI> TURK.</HEAD>
<P>_AFter I had travelled with much labour and many dangers the bet|ter parts of the world, and &s;een many plea|&s;ant Towns &amp; Countrys, as <HI>Socrates, Plato,</HI> &amp; other Philo&s;ophers had di|ligently done; at length I arrived at the famous City of <HI>Hungary, Vara|dinum,</HI> where by chance I met one <HI>Dervis G&s;ielebi,</HI> a skilful man in the Laws of <HI>Mahomet;</HI> who having di&s;patched his bu&s;ine&s;s with the
<PB N="86" REF="53">Governour, he very much de&s;ired conference with &s;ome Chri&s;tian a|bout Religion on either &s;ide. This motion of his being publi&s;hed by an Interpreter, and none for divers dayes appearing to encounter him, in defence of the Chri&s;tian cau&s;e, though many religious per&s;ons were in that Town, (&s;truck mute and &s;peechle&s;s at the courage of one Ethnick Infidel) who &s;eemed to me like <HI>I&s;raelites,</HI> that dur&s;t not adventure on one uncircumci&s;ed <HI>Goliah,</HI> provoking them. This I perceiving, and grieving in my &s;pirit, that in &s;uch plenty of Clerks and learned men, none was &s;o well armed with Truth, as dur&s;t (though by Interpreters) reprove the in&s;o|lence of &s;uch an Heathen; And fearing that &s;o wicked and dete&s;ta|ble a &s;ilence, in &s;o good a Cau&s;e, with &s;o bad a Man, would betray the Truth, and render our Saviour Je&s;us Chri&s;t's Opinion with him
<PB N="87" REF="53">more ignominious; I my &s;elf, though never called to Eccle&s;ia&s;ti|cal Function, undertook the charge of arguing this point of Piety with him; and &s;o a prefixed day was agreed on between us: when multitudes of people of each Reli|gion, came Spectators of the e|vent. The place was in a Mo|na&s;tery of <HI>Franci&s;cans;</HI> the day, <HI>Whit&s;on</HI>-Sunday, day of Penteco&s;t; where he moved to me fir&s;t this Que&s;tion: <HI>Where God had his being, before the Heavens and Earth, and therein all things el&s;e were created?</HI> Which Que&s;tion, though it &s;eemed to me not much pertinent to our purpo&s;e, yet le&s;t he &s;hould imagine us ignorant of our great God's uni|ver&s;al pre&s;ence, I &s;aid, He then was in his own being. But when that &s;eemed to him &s;omewhat ob|&s;cure, and that he did not &s;uffici|ently under&s;tand it, I then told him, He was where he now is. Which
<PB N="88" REF="54">he under&s;tanding, denied in the general, and &s;aid, <HI>Not &s;o; but that he then was in a bright cloud.</HI> Which, when he earne&s;tly affirmed, I quoted <HI>Gene&s;is;</HI> (for they al&s;o read the books of <HI>Mo&s;es</HI> and the Pro|phets) and &s;aid, If God were in a Cloud, before the Foundation of Heaven and Earth, then that Cloud mu&s;t be created before them both: and upon further argument on this point, being at la&s;t con|victed, he would di&s;pute no further in it; but gave me leave to pro|pound &s;ome Que&s;tion to him; and for &s;olemnity of that dayes &s;ake, I thought fit to &s;ay &s;omething there|of; and finding the&s;e words <HI>(In the name of God, his mercies, and the Spi|rit of them)</HI> in their <HI>Alcoran,</HI> in the <HI>Arabian</HI> Tongue and Character, I de&s;ired him to read them: The my&s;tery of the holy Trinity. Which when he had con&s;idered, and wondred at, he &s;aid, <HI>Christian,
<PB N="89" REF="54">from whence had you this? for in the beginning of all our actions, we</HI> Mu&s;|&s;elmen <HI>u&s;e the&s;e three words, and pre|fix them to every Chapter of our</HI> Alco|ran; <HI>when we &s;it down to eat, when we go to prayers, when we wa&s;h our hands, or other parts of our bodies, the&s;e words we first pronounce; and the&s;e actions fini&s;hed, we &s;prinkle our heads with water, and repeat the&s;e words,</HI> In the Name of God, his Mercies, and the Spirit of them. When thus he had confe&s;&s;ed the Truth, I de&s;ired to under&s;tand from him what he meant by the word <HI>Mercies:</HI> who replied, <HI>He under|&s;tood it literally, without other &s;ignifi|cation.</HI> Then I applied my &s;elf to the my&s;tical Interpretation, and divided it according to Truth into three Per&s;ons, the Father, the Son, and the Holy Gho&s;t, and &s;hewed them written in the <HI>Arabick</HI> tongue. And when he &s;aw I had mentioned the Son of God, he que&s;tion'd, <HI>How
<PB N="90" REF="55">God could have a Son? &s;ince according to their Law and Doctrine of Mahomet, God had neither Wife nor Childe.</HI> To whom I an&s;wered, according to my weak under&s;tanding and capa|city; We Chri&s;tians call God the Father, for his Creatures &s;ake, be|ing the fir&s;t creating Cau&s;e, and &s;ole Pre&s;erver of all created, who was for ever in the &s;ame E&s;&s;ence he now is in, and will be for Eternity; and is the fir&s;t Per&s;on in the Trini|ty. We believe the Son, (who by <HI>Mahemet</HI> in the <HI>Arabick</HI> phra&s;e is called <HI>Rahman,</HI> and &s;ignifieth <HI>Mer|cies,</HI> &s;o changed by him) to be likewi&s;e God, not according to fle&s;h (for God is a Spirit) born of a Woman; but of the E&s;&s;ence and &s;ub&s;tance of God Omnipotent, be|gotten by God the Father, to put away the &s;ins of the World, and &s;o took humane fle&s;h, by the Holy Virgin <HI>Mary,</HI> &s;uffered for us, died, and was buried, and ac|cording
<PB N="91" REF="55">to the &s;ayings of the Pro|phets aro&s;e again the third day, and a&s;cended into Heaven, and &s;itteth at the right hand of God the Fa|ther, there to judge the quick and the dead, to render immortal happine&s;s to tho&s;e that have faith in him, and to the unfaithful ever|la&s;ting puni&s;hment.</P>
<P>I then pre&s;ented him a Crucifix, and &s;aid, Behold this now, and &s;ee if <HI>Mahomet</HI> did unworthily call the Son of the eternal God by Name of Mercies, when with Arms thus &s;tretched forth, he calls poor &s;inners to his embraces, &s;ay|ing, <HI>Come unto me all ye that labour, and art burthened with &s;ins, and I will refre&s;h you.</HI> And to render him more capable of the Trinity, I pointed to the Sun, &s;aying, You have a fair &s;imilitude here: as there is but one Sun, that hath form, heat and light; &s;o there is but one God the Father, who hath Son,
<PB N="92" REF="56">and the Holy Spirit, which you call <HI>Ru<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="MURP" EXTENT="1 letter">ahim,</HI> con&s;i&s;ting of three Per&s;ons equally of one &s;ub&s;tance, and from Eternity coexi&s;ting.</P>
<P>This compari&s;on wrought in him a belief in God the Father, his onely begotten Son, and the Holy Gho&s;t; a Trinity in Unity. And when he had heard my weak di&s;|cour&s;es of God the Father, God the Son, and God the holy Gho&s;t, he much admired, with &s;aying, <HI>O God, O God; I, nor any of our Sect, could ever imagine, you had &s;uch good thoughts of God; for we conceive you live in darkne&s;s of under&s;tanding: but by your relation, it &s;eems you have great apprehen&s;ions of him; and be|lieve well, if you did not neglect our great Prophet of God,</HI> Mahomet. I &s;aid, What &s;hall we do with the toyes and dreams of <HI>Mahomet?</HI> for be&s;ides Bapti&s;m and the my&s;tery of the Trinity, which were had from Chri&s;tians, we know the <HI>Alcoran</HI>
<PB N="93" REF="56">contains nought that tends to Truth. Then I alledged to him the fancies and &s;illy trifles of <HI>Mahomet</HI>'s two Angels called <HI>Arot</HI> and <HI>Marot,</HI> whom <HI>Mahomet</HI> &s;ayes, That God did &s;end from Heaven, to mini&s;ter ju&s;tice unto mortal men, command|ing them to forbid drinking of wine, and unlawful mixtures with women, &amp; to &s;hew the ways to hea|ven to no man. The&s;e Angels tran&s;|gre&s;&s;ing Divine Commandment, were defiled, deceived, and made drunk by a Woman, and &s;hewed to <HI>Mahomet</HI> the way to heaven; whom, when God &s;aw there, he asked the Angels &s;tanding by, who it was that came in that &s;hape thither? And the Angels telling him it was by the error of <HI>Arot</HI> &amp; <HI>Marot;</HI> he turn'd the Woman into a Star, and &s;ent tho&s;e Angels chained into a well, to be puni&s;hed everla&s;tingly. Divers like ridiculous &s;tories I related, as that of the Bea&s;t <HI>Baraile,</HI> who could &s;peak as
<PB N="94" REF="57">man, who carryed <HI>Mahomet</HI> to hea|ven, where him&s;elf confe&s;&s;eth to have &s;een great Angels with many heads, and tho&s;e &s;peaking many Languages in divers Tongues; which is &s;ufficiently fooli&s;h, &amp; un|worthy the name of a Prophet; but &s;aid, I knew not whether oppre&s;&s;ed with Wine, in &s;leep he dreamed to have &s;een &s;uch miracles, or mon|&s;tro&s;ities in his imaginations. And therefore when he in&s;erts &s;uch fol|lies in his <HI>Alcoran,</HI> he de&s;erves nor the Title of a Prophet from any rea&s;onable man.</P>
<P>Having heard this, &s;omewhat a|ba&s;hed, he aro&s;e, and would argue no further: but led me into the Temple, and &s;hewed me certain Images carved in wood; and asked me, <HI>If we did wor&s;hip tho&s;e &s;ilmilitudes of men, or adore them?</HI> I an&s;wered, No; think not we wor&s;hip the &s;tones or timber wherein the&s;e figures are en|graved; they are u&s;ed and re&s;pected
<PB N="95" REF="57">onely as records and remembrances to mens mindes of the pa&s;&s;ions and &s;ufferings of our Saviour Je&s;us Chri&s;t, for the redemption of our tran&s;gre&s;&s;ions: and we wor&s;hip our true God in minde and Spirit, re|membred by that Crucifix; nei|ther are you denied the like re|membrances of your great Princes, and famous men, nor we of holy Saints; but 'tis to give God thanks for their examples of holine&s;s, and our prayers to imitate their cha|rity and pieties.</P>
<P>In the&s;e di&s;cour&s;ings, he &s;pies &s;ome dogs walking in the Church, and doing &s;omething again&s;t an Altar, (an evil cu&s;tom, and to be condemned by all) and asked whe|ther it was lawful for Bea&s;ts to en|ter our Churches? and blu&s;hing with &s;hame, not knowing how to defend this negligence of Chri&s;ti|an Pa&s;tors, I told him, It was nei|ther lawful nor &s;eemly; and de&s;ired
<PB N="96" REF="58">him to conceive it a meer negli|gence of Officers.</P>
<P>When he heard this, he com|mended it very much, and de&s;ired me to in&s;truct him in our Saviour's Prayer, which I gave him after, in the <HI>Arabian</HI> Dialect.</P>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 N="4" TYPE="chapter">
<PB N="97" REF="58">
<HEAD>CHAP. IV. <HI>A Lamentation for lo&s;s of Chri&s;tians de&s;troyed.</HI></HEAD>
<P>_AFflicted with an infinite and in|credible &s;orrow (mo&s;t high and mighty Mo|narchs and Go|vernours of Chri&s;tian Commonwealths) to &s;ee the &s;ad condition, and mo&s;t mi&s;e|rable being of our Brethren under the Turki&s;h &s;lavery; whereof &s;ome &s;educed from the bo&s;ome of our
<PB N="98" REF="59">Church to heretical unhappine&s;s; others with civil and ho&s;ti&s;e &s;word, &s;lain, murthered, and ca&s;t to de|vouring Bea&s;ts; others made cap|tive to perpetual &s;ervitude, and mo&s;t cruelly afflicted. They all by me in lamentable &s;obs and groanings complain, O mon&s;trous, mi&s;chievous ambition of ill men, and wicked covetou&s;ne&s;s of ruling! How many equal &s;ouls con&s;ecrated to God's Divine Wor&s;hip, have you betrayed to Death and to the Devil? How many Principalities and Kingdoms of great Kings, and all &s;orts of Nobility, have you de|&s;troyed? How many walls of &s;tate|ly Towns have you demoli&s;hed? How many &s;umptuous Palaces and &s;trong &s;tately Ca&s;tles have you levelled with the ground? How many lawful Owners have you de|jected from eminent E&s;tates and quiet Conditions, and bani&s;hed to perpetual di&s;con&s;olations?</P>
<PB N="99" REF="59">
<P>And although I intend not to write the acts of Princes, but to delineate the calamities and trage|dies of Captives, I cannot forbear remembrance of that abomina|ble di&s;cord of the Earl of <HI>Scrvia,</HI> a potent and proud Prince, who a|greeing (a &s;hameful foul example of a vitious ambition) with the Ba&s;&s;a of <HI>Bo&s;nia,</HI> (his neighbour-E|nemy) and having many Ca&s;tles and &s;trong holds upon the Turki&s;h Confines, even to the River <HI>Savus,</HI> (which divides <HI>Illyria</HI> from <HI>Croatia</HI>) and defended all tho&s;e Provinces which lye between that River and the River <HI>Dravus,</HI> from Turki&s;h violences and incur&s;ions: This Earl or Lord of <HI>Servia,</HI> falling into variance and &s;ome petty contro|ver&s;ies with the Nobility of <HI>Scla|vonia,</HI> made friend&s;hip with the &s;aid Ba&s;&s;a, and joyning their Ar|mies both together, invaded the <HI>Sclavonians,</HI> partly at difference be|tween
<PB N="100" REF="60">them&s;elves, and partly im|potent; wholly de&s;troys them and their Province with fire and &s;word, ruining their Towns and Ca&s;tles, &s;ome by violence and force, &s;ome by craft and treachery, (cu&s;tomary with wicked men and Turks) and &s;o totally vanqui&s;hed and con|quered them. And after a few Months had pa&s;&s;ed, this Ba&s;&s;a be|holding the Earl's rich Provinces, and neighbouring with his, he took or made occa&s;ions to invade him, whom at length he kill'd; and &s;o reduced all his Territories under the Turki&s;h Government. Thus this &s;editious Athei&s;t, Traytor to his Country and his Brethren, mo&s;t ignominiou&s;ly lo&s;t his life: for &s;uch are the Turk's rewards to whom&s;oever by craft, policy, or villanous fraud, he can lay hold on or en&s;nare. The like was done with &s;ome Noble-men of <HI>Hungary,</HI> whom they reduced to mi&s;erable captivity.</P>
<PB N="101" REF="60">
<P>Wherefore (mo&s;t Chri&s;tian Mo|narchs) the cruelties of this Ty|rant, ought with all indu&s;try and vigilance, be both feared and pre|vented; le&s;t con&s;idering your fair Provinces, and viewing them with a fa&s;cinating eye, he finde you di&s;|agreeing, and thereby infeebled, he a&s;&s;ault you on all &s;ides, not onely <HI>Candia, Calabria, Malta,</HI> and <HI>Sicily,</HI> but even <HI>Italy, France, Spain,</HI> and <HI>Germany;</HI> and prove an univer&s;al &s;courge and terror to all Chri&s;ten|dome. They are wi&s;e, who by o|thers harms prevent their own: you are concerned, when your neighbours hou&s;e is fired. But not to trouble you in this kinde, I recommend to you, mo&s;t prudent Governours, the correction and a|mendment of this great error, and return to the deplorable calamities and afflictions our Brethren &s;uffer under the yoke of Tribute in the Turk's Dominions, where &s;ome
<PB N="102" REF="61">with chains about their necks, are dragged through &s;harp and &s;piny parts of <HI>Thracia</HI> and le&s;&s;er <HI>A&s;ia,</HI> with naked feet, in thir&s;t and hun|ger: and if by labour of long journeys, di&s;ea&s;es, or other griefs they die (as often happens to men of Quality and bred in ea&s;e) are hurl'd &s;trip'd in the next ditch, (though not half dead) to the care of ravenous fowls; others, that is, young people of either &s;ex, endure perforce the filthy lu&s;ts of their buy|ers and their fenars, with hideous cryes and howlings of violated and vitiated people; the age of &s;ix yeers not defending them: others igno|rant in husbandry or Mechanick Arts, and literated men (who are lea&s;t &s;aleable) are for long time driven from Town to Town, from &s;treet to &s;treet; and being once &s;old, compell'd with clubs and &s;courges to learn Trades and dayly employ|ments in ba&s;e bu&s;ine&s;&s;es and griev|ous
<PB N="103" REF="61">pains: others of more robu&s;ti|ous &s;trength, are made &s;laves to Gallies, tied by the legs with chains, and mo&s;t mi&s;erably tor|tured; who&s;e &s;ad calamities the power of humane wit cannot ex|pre&s;s in words. And if the&s;e poor unfortunate &s;ouls, could have fore|known that mi&s;erable being, they'd rarther have cho&s;en a thou&s;and deaths. If pains of life and death were e'er commix'd toge|ther; yea, if to live long and many days, and die every hour, were ever extant, it is in <HI>Turky: Aegyptian</HI> &s;er|vitude, <HI>Babylonian</HI> bani&s;hment, <HI>A&s;|&s;yriack</HI> captivity, <HI>Roman</HI> de&s;tructi|on, are toyes and trifles to the&s;e ca|lamities. People, who live as it were in the firy Furnace of the <HI>Chaldean Hur,</HI> and crying up to heaven with &s;ighs and groans, <HI>O Lord, how long! ari&s;e and for&s;ake us not in the end:</HI> and when oppre&s;&s;ed and grieved be|yond all hope, they turn their eyes
<PB N="104" REF="62">again on their own Countries, like|wi&s;e in captivity; yet wi&s;h them|&s;elves rather &s;laves there, then where they are: their prayers are not for liberty, but change of place; and for that cau&s;e, indiffe|rent for death or life, they turn Fu|gitives; and &s;ome leaving their flocks in de&s;erts, their Oxen at plow, expo&s;e them&s;elves to devo|ration; &s;ome murthering their Ma&s;ters and their Children; &s;ome burning their hou&s;es in revenge; &s;ome run away, hiding them&s;elves in Caves and hollow Trees, with fearful wants and dangers; which I here forbear, having given the Reader &s;ome ta&s;te thereof before. And now they turn their cries to you all Chri&s;tian Monarchs and Governours of Commonwealths:</P>
<P>Imploring and be&s;eeching the Pope of <HI>Rome,</HI> who &s;hould be Fa|ther of our Country, and all &s;orts of men belonging to Chri&s;t his
<PB N="105" REF="62">holy Church, That they uniting all &s;ects of men in peace and con|cord, would labour to &s;uppre&s;s this common enemy, and re&s;tore their Brethren unto liberty.</P>
<P>Imploring and be&s;eeching the Emperor and all Imperial Princes, Dukes, Cities, and Nobilities, to cool their hot Calentures of ambi|tion, and avarice of neighbours rights, and &s;et apart dome&s;tick quarrels, &amp; call together and unite their &s;trengths again&s;t &s;o cruel an U&s;urper, and ho&s;tile Enemy, and labour to defend their pre&s;ent, or el&s;e recover their lo&s;t Territories: and then be a&s;&s;ured, the circum|&s;pection of the Spani&s;h Souldiery, the warlike fiercene&s;s of the Bel|gicke Provinces, the quick pru|dence of the Italian wits, the ro|bu&s;tiou&s;ne&s;s and &s;toutne&s;s of the Germans, will be ea&s;ily per&s;waded by the King of Romans, again&s;t this univer&s;al Enemy; remem|bring
<PB N="106" REF="63">you withal, No Crown &s;its &s;o gloriou&s;ly on an Emperour or Princes head, as that which bear|eth a true Title of the Peoples &s;afe|ty and lawful Liberties.</P>
<P>Imploring and be&s;eeching the mo&s;t Chri&s;tian King of <HI>France,</HI> to employ his helping and heroick Arms, in &s;afeguard (according to his Title) of his Chri&s;tian Bre|threns liberties, and his own from Turki&s;h Tyranny.</P>
<P>Imploring and be&s;eeching the mo&s;t mighty and potent Kings of <HI>England, Poland, Denmark, Swede|land,</HI> with all Republicks, Cities, and Corporations Chri&s;tian, to u|nite, and joyne in one, their &s;trengths and powers in war again&s;t this cankered common Enemy of their Religion, Crowns and Digni|ties.</P>
<P>Imploring and be&s;eeching, all &s;orts of Powers and Authorities &s;piritual and temporal, to imploy
<PB N="107" REF="63">their diligence, and &s;hew the wor|thine&s;s of their callings, by cor|rection and amendment of wicked and di&s;&s;olute loo&s;e livers, by whom God's wrath is kindled again&s;t us; and to reduce them to holy Rules of Chri&s;tian Exerci&s;es, in living ju&s;tly, &s;oberly and religiou&s;ly, and &s;o render God a true account of Steward&s;hip, and prevent the mi|&s;eries have befallen others drow&s;ie and &s;leeping inadvertencies.</P>
<P>Imploring and be&s;eeching both young and old, of all &s;ects and con|ditions, godly Chri&s;tians religious and &s;ecular, beloved Fathers, dear Brethren, re&s;pected Friends, Neigh|bours, and Companions, That you all, with humble face and counte|nance, pure and &s;incere hearts and hands, devout mindes, mournfull voyces, and weeping eyes, condole, grieve, and lament the mi&s;eries, the calamities of Turki&s;h captives; and call unto the Lord of Ho&s;ts with
<PB N="108" REF="64">violence in pity to his people, to a|vert his anger, and not to give them up to the perpetual rebuke of this wicked Infidel, mo&s;t cruel Enemy of Chri&s;tian Religion and Liberty; but to in&s;pire the mindes of Chri|&s;tian Kings and Governours, with light of his holy Spirit, to reduce them all to unity and concord, a|gain&s;t this ravenous and in&s;atiable Dragon; and grant others &s;uch &s;uc|ce&s;s, that the&s;e wretched captives, their Chri&s;tian Brethren, may be re&s;tored to liberty in the wor&s;hip and adoration of their God, our Chri&s;t, and onely &s;erve him, who is for ever ble&s;&s;ed; that at length the Chri&s;tian World may be re|fre&s;hed and ea&s;'d from &s;uch per|petual &s;lavery.</P>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 N="5" TYPE="chapter">
<PB N="109" REF="64">
<HEAD>CHAP. V. <HI>An Exhortation again&s;t the</HI> TURK.</HEAD>
<P>_I Have often mar|velled with my &s;elf, mo&s;t mighty Monarchs, when I con&s;idered the adva~tages which promi&s;e Chri&s;ti|ans victories again&s;t the <HI>Turk;</HI> and yet in&s;o many yeers they attempted none, or failed. We have Je&s;us Chri&s;t our God, who in one onely night de&s;troyed the ho&s;t of <HI>Sennacherib;</HI> who drowned <HI>Pharaoh;</HI> who with
<PB N="110" REF="65">a maiden hand of <HI>Judith,</HI> &s;truck off th<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="MURP" EXTENT="1 letter"> head of <HI>H<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="MURP" EXTENT="1 letter">l<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="MURP" EXTENT="1 letter">phernes;</HI> and, to be <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="MURP" EXTENT="1 span"> a God, who&s;e will is victory. Con<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="MURP" EXTENT="2 letters">ary to which, they have a <HI>Ma|homet,</HI> a wicked man of life &amp; con|ver&s;ation, in death, yet hanging in his Sepulchre without Re&s;urrecti|on: &s;o as there is as much difference between them, as is between an ever living Son of an ever living God, and a putrid carka&s;s of a &s;on of a mortal man; that if we diligently examine the nature of each Power and Authority, it would apear like dead men, &s;uperi|ors in &s;trength to living. Now in abilities of bodies, capacities, and gifts of under&s;tanding, we exceed them; which are good &s;trengths and fortifications again&s;t an enemy: and yet we are &s;till defeated. Who is more hardy then the <HI>Hungarian?</HI> more &s;tout and robu&s;tious then the <HI>German?</HI> more quick and nimble then the <HI>Frenchmen?</HI> more grave
<PB N="111" REF="65">and &s;olid then the <HI>Spaniard?</HI> more cautelous and prudent then the <HI>Ita|lian?</HI> more valiant and daring then the <HI>Engli&s;h?</HI> forbearing other Na|tions, the endowments of who&s;e mindes, are better or at lea&s;t equal. All the&s;e abilities &s;eem able &s;ingly to get a victory, or at lea&s;t well to forward it. Courage often with|out much force, genero&s;ity of minde, wi&s;dom, foreca&s;t, ambition of honour, and policy, oft &s;ubdues an Enemy; yet notwith&s;tanding, wretches as we are, among&s;t &s;o ma|ny victorious attributes, we get no victories. Then if we con&s;ider the ea&s;ie preparation &amp; great furnitures of all &s;orts of arms, we &s;hall appear far to exceed the Turk. Guns of all &s;orts have bin our own inventions, and the divers kindes of compleat harne&s;&s;es for hor&s;e and foot. The Turks, Per&s;ians Subjects, naked, or half &s;o, march forth to war: they have bows, we guns; that is, fire
<PB N="112" REF="66">and thunder: they have arrows, which hardly pierce an Armour; we Cannons, which Rocks cannot with&s;tand: and yet now &s;ome <HI>Mu&s;&s;el-men</HI> have Guns and Gunners; but few, and unskilful.</P>
<P>Now I pray, what other kinde of people u&s;e they mo&s;t in Expe|ditions? <HI>Scythians</HI> and <HI>Thracians,</HI> who have no <HI>Italian</HI> or <HI>Spani&s;h</HI> Spirits, onely a kinde of inhumane fiercene&s;s, ignorance and &s;tolidi|ty: to the&s;e are added <HI>Grecians,</HI> lo&s;t men with ea&s;e and lazine&s;s; <HI>A&s;ians,</HI> corrupt with luxury; <HI>Ae|gyptians,</HI> no le&s;s in minde then bo|dies, feebled; <HI>Arabians,</HI> bloodle&s;s, thin, and parboyl'd with the Sun. Who could imagine &s;uch-kinde of Souldiery &s;hould &s;ubdue the great advantages and abilities of tho&s;e fore named Nations? yet (be it &s;poken with grief) our Chri&s;tians by the&s;e are overcome, and ma|&s;tered into &s;ervitude, and our great
<PB N="113" REF="66">Captains are forced to bear arms a|gain&s;t us, who were born and bred by Ance&s;tors to liberty: and in the mean &s;ea&s;on, the <HI>Turk</HI> laughs at us, and the <HI>Jew</HI> rejoyceth.</P>
<P>Now if I &s;hall con&s;ider the Laws and In&s;titutions of Nations, we &s;hall be found abundantly &s;uperiour in that re&s;pect: for, what is more righ|teous and divine then the Deca|logue and holy Go&s;pel, written by God's own Finger and his Spirit? what more regular then the Canon-Law? more ju&s;t and equal then the civil Law? Whereas the <HI>Turks</HI> live by Direction &amp; Dictates of the <HI>Alcoran;</HI> a book of &s;tuff as fooli&s;h, as full of vanity; a book of &s;port and mirth, if pity for the &s;educed did not allay it; though now &s;pread abroad too much, and handled a|mong&s;t Chri&s;tians; &s;o as it may be truely feared, we &s;hall learn other Laws, or &s;hortly lo&s;e our own, and turn <HI>Turks</HI> in our mindes and
<PB N="114" REF="67">approbations, &s;ooner then in our bodies to their Dominion. What is then the cau&s;e, having &s;o many prerogatives of hopeful war, we are alwayes beaten? why are our En&s;igns adorn'd with Crucifixes, fearful formerly to infidels and de|vils, now trampled on &amp; frighted? I &s;hall tell you in few words, and truth, We have a God mo&s;t great, mo&s;t good; but alienated from us &s;o far, that according to the Prophets &s;aying, <HI>We &s;carce are to be named his people:</HI> for why &s;hould Chri&s;t re|main with us, whom we have rent and torn in far more pieces, then the Souldiers did his Garment, by our hideous Sects, Schi&s;mes and Here|&s;ies? Be&s;ides his Name, what of him is dear unto us? The very Plow man the&s;e times is impudent and factious, the Citizen fraudu|lent and avaritious, the Magi&s;trate &s;eeks retributions and rewards, the Nobility is riotous and lazy, the
<PB N="115" REF="67">Gentry contentious and proud; the Souldier, beyond his pay and &s;poil, craves nothing from the war; let Scepters fall as they will, he is no le&s;s grievous to friends and compa|nions, then Enemies. Church-men be&s;ides pomp eccle&s;ia&s;tical, have lit|tle of the Church; not &s;anctity, not piety, &amp; &s;ome not fitting erudition; &s;eeking their own, not Chri&s;t's ad|vancement; that we may &s;ay with the Prophet, <HI>All have declin'd the ways of God, and are unprofitable; there's none that doth good, not, even one.</HI> Why &s;hould we marvel then that Chri&s;t is not our Friend? We therefore go to war without a God, and what is more calamitous, with God our ad|ver&s;ary. We carry Bibles &amp; Cruci|fixes with us, but the crucified by his favour conver&s;eth with our ene|mies; our actions therefore peri&s;h, &amp; are involv'd in lo&s;&s;es And when one Nation fights again&s;t the <HI>Turk,</HI> another is imploy'd in civil wars,
<PB N="116" REF="68">calling to his aid, Pagans, Schi&s;ma|ticks or Hereticks, more eagerly to oppo&s;e Chri&s;t; others tend their home-affairs, to indulge them&s;elvs in ea&s;e &amp; voluptuou&s;ne&s;s. The &s;oul|dier &s;ets not forth for Chri&s;t, but money; which failing, &s;oon de&s;erts the field, &amp; turns home back again. What have we then from tho&s;e rich Attributes &amp; Eulogies of <HI>Ger|many, France, England, Spain,</HI> &amp; <HI>Italy,</HI> when the Souldier neglects both God and Honour, and goes to war, as to market, a brothel-hou&s;e, or &s;tews, to exerci&s;e all rapine, &s;poil, and lewdne&s;s? We have good laws, but evil manners; good furniture of arms, but wicked di&s;po&s;itions: it is our glory to fight among our &s;elves; and if we prove coward to enemies, there follows little &s;hame or puni&s;hment. When do we &s;ee a Souldier quitting Colours or di&s;|banding, &s;everely handled? which crimes were anciently capital; and
<PB N="117" REF="68">whole Legions have been deci|mated and tyth'd for le&s;s offences. We therefore march with men few in numbers, and tho&s;e corrupt in manners, again&s;t millions of men well di&s;ciplin'd; for <HI>Tu<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="MURP" EXTENT="1 letter">ks</HI> leave their vices in their hou&s;es, from whence we carry ours. In their Pavilions and Tents, no deliciou&s;|ne&s;s; arms onely, and nece&s;&s;ary pro|vi&s;ions: in Chri&s;tians, all &s;orts of Table-delicates, luxury and riot|ou&s;ne&s;s; and commonly, as many light la&s;civious Women, as Men. What wonder then if they conquer who are pre&s;erved by &s;obriety, par&s;imony, diligence, fidelity, and obedience? Let them peri&s;h then, who lo&s;e a field to get a prey; who are oftner found among&s;t whores, and drunk, then in good actions: but 'tis the fault and error of Supe<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="MURP" EXTENT="1 letter">iors, when Subjects are not kept in due ob&s;ervance; which if Chri&s;tians were, we could not be inferiour to
<PB N="118" REF="69"><HI>Turks.</HI> And yet a greater fault, be|hold, Princes them&s;elves, while they contend in mutual quarrels, are cau&s;es why they cannot mu&s;ter equal forces again&s;t the <HI>Turk;</HI> for whil&s;t they fight and combate for &s;ome little Town or other, after grievous &s;trife, conflictation and exhau&s;tion of men and trea&s;ure, they grow weak, impoveri&s;hed and heartle&s;s. What brave actions might tho&s;e &s;treams of Chri&s;tian blood have done, which civil wars mo&s;t impiou&s;ly have drawn out, emptied, and dried up? But 'tis too late to mourn in complaints: <HI>A&s;ia</HI> and <HI>Affrica</HI> are lo&s;t; <HI>Greece,</HI> extin|gui&s;hed; <HI>Hungary,</HI> de&s;perately &s;ick; <HI>Illyria</HI> and <HI>Sclavonia,</HI> joyned to the <HI>Turk; Au&s;tria,</HI> much enfeebled; and this plague much threatens <HI>Ger|many,</HI> and Chri&s;tianity univer&s;al; and that &s;o far, that no great Prince or Monarch ought to be &s;e|cure, or think him&s;elf &s;o free, but
<PB N="119" REF="69">that he may be forced to defend his own, without inva&s;ion of his neighbours Territories, whether it plea&s;e or not; unle&s;s they will become of Princes, Servants; of Free-men, Slaves, detained in perpetual chains, or &s;lain and mur|thered, that their Subjects may want Captains and good Leaders.</P>
<P>Now, mo&s;t mighty Monarchs and high Governours, for God's cau&s;e, bani&s;h from among&s;t you all di&s;|cord &amp; ambitious tyrannies (which are the Devils in&s;truments to main|tain oppre&s;&s;ions &amp; impieties, there|by to prolong Gods wrath upon you) and re&s;tore to each proprietor his due rights and priviledges; and then, as Rivers having free cour&s;e, ha&s;te all &s;moothly to the &s;ea, &amp; make one mighty body; &s;o your &s;trengths united in the bond of peace, would &s;tartle, a&s;toni&s;h and drown this great Tyrant <HI>Turk:</HI> which ble&s;&s;ing on bended knees, I humbly pray
<PB N="120" REF="70">for, and recommend unto the God of Peace. And being reconcil'd a|mong your &s;elves, if you would &s;ay as <HI>Mo&s;es</HI> &s;aid to <HI>Jo&s;hua, Chu&s;e you a man, and go and fight with Amalek;</HI> If you would reduce your &s;elves to this peace and concord, (which is onely hopeful) and put your help|ing hands and powers, toward &s;o greatly honourable, &s;o ble&s;&s;ed, &s;o nece&s;&s;ary and profitable a war a|gain&s;t the Turk; who can imagine, but that ye &s;hould at lea&s;t equal the number of his Souldiery, if not far exceed them? He is now &s;well'd up to the very height of Ty|ranny, and hath there remained &s;o for divers yeers, as if expecting, as if waiting an attempt. All full Seas have their ebbings, all ripe fruits are quickly &s;haken down; there wants nothing to this general and glorious work of Chri&s;tian Princes, but God's ble&s;&s;ing, una|nimity, and an Heroick courage,
<PB N="121" REF="70">brave and ma&s;culine. For the Em|perour can with ea&s;ine&s;s, rai&s;e, arm and mu&s;ter 50000 hor&s;e, &amp; 100000 foot; the like may hopefully be expected from <HI>France,</HI> from <HI>Spain,</HI> and <HI>Italy;</HI> the yet remaining parts of <HI>Hungary,</HI> and <HI>Illyria,</HI> with the Provinces under the King of <HI>Ro|mans,</HI> will rai&s;e and maintain 60000. The&s;e Chri&s;tian Forces may make 400000 hor&s;e and foot, be&s;ides, the Maritime great a&s;|&s;i&s;tances of <HI>England, Denmark,</HI> u|nited Provinces, <HI>Venetians, Portu|gals,</HI> and <HI>Swedes,</HI> and all other Chri|&s;tian Commonwealths, who, if once unanimous, and freed from jealou&s;ies, and petty, wretched, wilful home-contentions, the Turki&s;h power could no more re|&s;i&s;t ye, then <HI>Darius, Alexander; Xerxes, Themi&s;tocles;</HI> or <HI>Antiochus, Judas Macchabeus:</HI> and having got|ten but one victory, and once pa&s;|&s;ed the <HI>Danube</HI> towards <HI>Constanti|nople,</HI>
<PB N="122" REF="71">God being plea&s;ed, and our lives amended, the&s;e enemies of our faith would ea&s;ily be trodden down. All <HI>Greece</HI> and <HI>Thrace,</HI> (where yet great part retain the law of Chri&s;t) expect with greedine&s;s the Chri&s;ti|an Sword, and readily would re|volt upon &s;uch occa&s;ion, and man|fully a&s;&s;ault and fight again&s;t tho&s;e Lords and Ma&s;ters, that have &s;o cruelly afflicted them: which cir|cum&s;tance alone, would much ha&s;ten, if not perfect a &s;peedy victory.</P>
<P>I would to God, and wi&s;h hearti|ly, mo&s;t Chri&s;tian Monarchs, That your civil, fruitle&s;s, home-conten|tions, would permit and &s;uffer you &s;eriou&s;ly to con&s;ider, and calmly to examine the&s;e offered motions; you then would finde all mens wills and arms concur with yours; no age, no &s;ex, no conditions of men would leave your En&s;igns: Each <HI>Turk</HI> would have his Execu|tioner
<PB N="123" REF="71">at home, his Traytor in his Tent, and fugitive in the field. All Chri&s;tians among&s;t them have contemptuous opinions of their arms, and know them onely fitted for light Skirmi&s;hes, and Picker|ings; who, if their noi&s;e, like &s;hoals of clamouring Rocks, affright you not, they fly. And when&s;oever it &s;hall plea&s;e God to root out from among&s;t us the&s;e perpetual E|nemies of his faith, and &s;end them to their old lurking holes and caves, and corners in <HI>Bythinia,</HI> by the Chri&s;tian Sword, (according to &s;ome of their own Prophecies) or el&s;e to reduce them to the bo|&s;ome of our Catholick Church; no man can doubt, but in &s;hort time the Emperor will be &s;eated in his chair at <HI>Con&s;tantinople,</HI> and inve&s;ted in his Imperial Roman Territories; The King of <HI>Romans</HI> re-e&s;tabli&s;h|ed, and recover <HI>Hungary,</HI> and <HI>Thrace; France,</HI> le&s;&s;er <HI>A&s;ia; Eng|land,</HI>
<PB N="124" REF="72">part of <HI>Aegypt; Spain,</HI> part of <HI>Africa; Italy,</HI> all Shores and Banks of the Mediterranean Seas; and la&s;t, the Pope, as a great Pa&s;tor of the Chri&s;tian Church, will be ex|tol'd &amp; magnifi'd for &s;uch an union.</P>
<P>The&s;e are the apprehen&s;ions of all Chri&s;tian captives under the Turki&s;h Tribute, and even Turks them&s;elves, who have knowledge and long acquaintance in military affairs. And this my &s;elf have learned by thirteen yeers experi|ence, The <HI>Turk</HI> is valiant again&s;t a flying, and flying again&s;t a valiant Enemy; when therefore he by nature is fugitive, impiety flyes without pur&s;uit. Let God ari&s;e and &s;catter all his Enemies: let tho&s;e that hate his Doctrine, a|void his pre&s;ence: let them like &s;moak vani&s;h, and melt like wax again&s;t the fire: &s;o may all Infidels peri&s;h, before the face of God and his holy Church, that
<PB N="125" REF="72">there may be but one Flock, and one Pa&s;tor, Je&s;us Chri&s;t the righ|teous. Which grant, Oh ever ble&s;&s;ed Trinity and Unity, God the Father, God the Son, and God the Holy Gho&s;t.</P>
<CLOSER>Amen.</CLOSER>
</DIV1>
</BODY>
<BACK>
<DIV1 TYPE="table of contents">
<PB REF="73">
<PB REF="73">
<HEAD>Contents.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>OF Oratories. <HI>pag.</HI> 1.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Lent. <HI>pag.</HI> 6.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Circumci&s;ion. <HI>pag.</HI> 8.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Prie&s;ts. <HI>pag.</HI> 11.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Monks. <HI>pag.</HI> 13.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Reverence to <HI>Mahomet</HI>'s Traditions. <HI>pag.</HI> 15.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Schools. <HI>pag.</HI> 16.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Contracts of Marriage. <HI>pag.</HI> 17.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Of Strangers. <HI>pag.</HI> 19.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Miracles at <HI>Mecha. pag.</HI> 20.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Of Alms. <HI>pag.</HI> 23.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Sacrifices. <HI>pag.</HI> 24.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Wills and Legacies. <HI>pag.</HI> 25.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Ceremonies of the dead. <HI>pag.</HI> 26.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Of a Sepulchre called <HI>Tulbe. pag.</HI> 27.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Concerning War. <HI>pag.</HI> 29.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Condition of Noble-men. <HI>pag.</HI> 31.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Ba&s;&s;a's and Councellors. <HI>pag.</HI> 33.</ITEM>
<ITEM>The obedience of Turks to their King. <HI>pag.</HI> 34.</ITEM>
<ITEM>How &s;trength dimini&s;hed. <HI>pag.</HI> 36.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Of Chazalars. <HI>pag.</HI> 37.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Order of foot. <HI>pag.</HI> 38.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Pavilions of Turks. <HI>pag.</HI> 40.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Carriage of Bea&s;ts. <HI>pag.</HI> 42.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Ju&s;tice in war. <HI>pag.</HI> 44.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Celebration of Turki&s;h Victories. <HI>pag.</HI> 45.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Of hunting. <HI>pag.</HI> 46.</ITEM>
<PB REF="74">
<ITEM>Artificers and Husbandmen. <HI>pag.</HI> 48.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Ju&s;tice among&s;t Citizens. <HI>pag.</HI> 49.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Husbandry. <HI>pag.</HI> 51.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Diver&s;itie of Cattle. <HI>pag.</HI> 53.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Of Hou&s;es. <HI>pag.</HI> 54.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Garments. <HI>Ibid.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Of Viands. <HI>pag.</HI> 56.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Drinks. <HI>pag.</HI> 57.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Manner of eating. <HI>pag.</HI> 58.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>CHAP. II.</HEAD>
<ITEM>Afflictions of Captives. <HI>pag.</HI> 60.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Imployment of &s;laves. <HI>pag.</HI> 61.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Women and Virgins. <HI>pag.</HI> 64.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Private Pri&s;oners. <HI>pag.</HI> 65.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Artle&s;s Pri&s;oners. <HI>pag.</HI> 66.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Pri&s;oners newly taken. <HI>pag.</HI> 68.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Expo&s;ed to &s;ale. <HI>pag.</HI> 69.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Shepherds. <HI>pag.</HI> 71.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Fugitives out of <HI>Europe. pag.</HI> 73.</ITEM>
<ITEM>From <HI>A&s;ia. Ibid.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Their puni&s;hment. <HI>pag.</HI> 75.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Armenians charity. <HI>Ibid.</HI></ITEM>
<ITEM>Incantations of Turks. <HI>pag,</HI> 76.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Memory of Chri&s;t lo&s;t. <HI>pag.</HI> 77.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Condition of the conquered. <HI>pag.</HI> 78.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Prie&s;t and Friers. <HI>pag.</HI> 81.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Tribute. <HI>pag.</HI> 82.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>CHAP. III.</HEAD>
<ITEM>Narration of a di&s;pute. <HI>pag.</HI> 85.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>CHAP. IV.</HEAD>
<ITEM>Lamentation. <HI>pag.</HI> 97.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<LIST>
<HEAD>CHAP. V.</HEAD>
<ITEM>An Exhortation. <HI>pag.</HI> 109.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<TRAILER>FINIS.</TRAILER>
<PB REF="74">
</DIV1>
</BACK>
</TEXT>
</EEBO>
</ETS>
