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<ETS>
<TEMPHEAD>
<REVDESCR>
<CHANGE>
<DATE>2011-09-27</DATE>
<RESPSTMT>
<NAME>Olivia Bottum</NAME>
<RESP>MURP</RESP>
</RESPSTMT>
<ITEM>Did text and markup review.</ITEM>
</CHANGE>
</REVDESCR>
</TEMPHEAD>
<EEBO>
<IDG S="marc" R="UM" ID="A93718">
<STC T="W">S5088</STC>
<STC T="T">E1354_1</STC>
<BIBNO T="umi">99868322</BIBNO>
<VID>169828</VID>
</IDG>
<TEXT LANG="eng">
<FRONT>
<DIV1 TYPE="title page">
<PB REF="1" MS="y">
<P>COVNCEL OF States-Policy OR The Rule of Government, &s;et forth.</P>
<P>Shewing the Nature of our pre&s;ent Government. In a Dialogue between a Country Man and a Scholler; As al&s;o the various Regiments of Nations, Kingdomes, and Common-weales, and a lively de&s;cripti|on of the &s;aid Governments, with the grounds of their Ri&s;e, Con|tinuance, and Fall. <HI>viz.</HI></P>
<LIST>
<ITEM>Monarchicall.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Ari&s;tocraticall.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Oligarchicall.</ITEM>
<ITEM>Democraticall, &amp;c.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<P>Whereunto is added the new Engage|ment, to be taken throughout the Common-wealth, as touching the lawfullnes of it.</P>
<P>By <HI>Robert Spry</HI> of <HI>Plymouth</HI> Gent.</P>
<P><HI>LONDON,</HI> Printed for <HI>Iohn Hancock,</HI> at the fir&s;t &s;hop in <HI>Popes head</HI> Ally, next to Corn-hill.</P>
<P>16<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="2 letters"></P>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 TYPE="to the reader">
<PB REF="2">
<PB REF="2">
<HEAD>To the Iuditious, Critick and Hone&s;t <HI>Reader.</HI></HEAD>
<OPENER><SALUTE>GENTLEMEN,</SALUTE></OPENER>
<P><HI>_I</HI> Imagine you expect a fro<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">|ti&s;piece, or rather, on E|pi&s;tle to this Booke: b<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">t con&s;idering that Epi&s;tles are, or ought to be the full demon&s;tra|tion of the en&s;uing di&s;cour&s;e; a<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">d ta|king no<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">ice that of te<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter"> times the Front <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">r Exordium is only looked on, and the re&s;id<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">e l<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">id <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">&s;i<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">e, e&s;pecially when it &s;ui<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">s not the p<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">late of the Reader; I theref<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">re wittingly have omi<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">ted the &s;am<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">, well knowing that the be<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">t of the <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">n&s;uing Lyn<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">s, could not well be pla<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">ed in the front of &s;uch a Pamphl<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">t, or if &s;et, then, It would re&s;embl<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter"> an
<PB REF="3"> Alde<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter"> man<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter"> Po<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">ch, to a Country mans C<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">tt<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">g<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter"> wh<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="2 letters">h <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">n<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">ou<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="2 letters">edly, would ren|der <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">he Fahr<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">ck r<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">dicolo<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">s. I de&s;ire that the Aut<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">o<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">s fa<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="3 letters">ngs may be Ca<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">didly <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">e<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">&s;ured, th<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">&s;e being the fi<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">&s;t fruits an<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">ga<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">herings of</P>
<CLOSER><SALUTE>Gentlemen, </SALUTE> <SIGNED>Your affectionat &s;ervant Robert Spry.</SIGNED>
<DATELINE>Plymouth <DATE>30. Octob. 1649.</DATE></DATELINE></CLOSER>
</DIV1>
</FRONT>
<BODY>
<DIV1 TYPE="text">
<PB N="1" REF="3">
<HEAD>State-Policy.</HEAD>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>C.</SPEAKER>
<P>SIR,</P>
<P>I Have of late heard much of a Common-wealth, but know not what it meaneth: I pre&s;ume your late comming from <HI>Oxford,</HI> can &s;omewhat informe me what it i<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">, and its my earne&s;t d<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">&s;ire to know?</P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>S.</SPEAKER>
<P><HI>A Common-wealth is a multitude of Men, ruled by one government.</HI></P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>C.</SPEAKER>
<P>Our Auntient acquaintance en|couraged me to demand this que&s;tion of you, and I now perceive by your &s;hort An&s;wer, which is &s;o knotty and difficult to my under&s;tanding, that you have a d<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">|&s;ire to renew our old familia<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">ity, by more que&s;tions from m<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">; I &s;h<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">ll there|fore de&s;ire, if your lea&s;ur<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter"> will permit, to
<PB N="2" REF="4"> unfold to me in our country Language, what this word Government is? and not an&s;wer me by Schola&s;ticall re&s;oluti|ons, which make me farther of from, be|ing informed, then when I fir&s;t deman|ded the que&s;tion.</P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>S.</SPEAKER>
<P><HI>My friend and Country man, by your la&s;t que&s;tion, I am &s;en&s;ible, you either go about to inquire of my proficiency at the Vniver&s;ity; or el&s;e do propound the que&s;ti|on throughly to be informed; friend, <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">nre|gard of your former love to me, I will make bold to borrow &s;o much time, if your pati|ence will give audience throughly to in|&s;truct you in this matter, by a more larger unfolding the particulars of this your Que|re, that &s;o I may not put you to unnece&s;&s;ary Que&s;tions.</HI></P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>C.</SPEAKER>
<P>Sir, I am greatly beholding to you that you have not forgotten your old friend, but are willing to have di&s;cour&s;e with him, I pray proceed to the An&s;wer, <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">nd I &s;hall attentively give eare.</P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>S.</SPEAKER>
<P><HI>Government is a &s;etled order of Com|manding and obeying; Order is maintained by three things,</HI> viz. <HI>Religion, Lawes, and Magistrates: the definition of Religion, I pre&s;ume you know, but becau&s;e of my pro|mi&s;e
<PB N="3" REF="4"> to you; and to avoid multitude of que|&s;tions, I will de&s;cribe it what it is.</HI></P>
<P><HI>Religion is that wor&s;hip of God publike|ly profe&s;&s;ed and practi&s;ed, and is maintained by Lawes and Magi&s;trates.</HI></P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>C.</SPEAKER>
<P>Do all Nations agree that there is a God?</P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>S.</SPEAKER>
<P><HI>Yea; all Nations agree in tho&s;e three Propo&s;itions.</HI></P>
<P N="1">1. That there is a God:</P>
<P N="2">2. That God is the puni&s;her of offen|ces and rewarder of vertues.</P>
<P N="3">3. That what&s;oever is a God ought to be wor&s;hiped.</P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>C.</SPEAKER>
<P>Is there not a difference among&s;t Nations concerning God?</P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>S.</SPEAKER>
<P><HI>The difference of Nations, co<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">&s;i&s;teth i<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter"> th<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">&s;e two points.</HI></P>
<P N="1">1. In their opinion, what is God, Chri|&s;tians Iews and Turks, do all hould there is but one God.</P>
<P>The Heathens in times pa&s;t, and now many of the Americans: as al&s;o the people farre Northward, do hould that there are many Gods, and wor|&s;hip them accordingly.</P>
<P N="2">2. The &s;econd difference among&s;t Nati|ons is, In the manner of wor&s;hip|ping
<PB N="4" REF="5"> of God, and &s;o the Chri&s;tian Jewes, and Turks, do mainly differ.</P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>C.</SPEAKER>
<P>What is the Center of a Common|wealth?</P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>S.</SPEAKER>
<P><HI>The Center of a Commonwealth, where the hearts of all men in the &s;ame State doe meet, is Religion. The force of L<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="2 letters">es is &s;h<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">wn<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter"> only upon occa&s;ions. The better &s;ort of the people will be &s;ure to ob&s;erve them,</HI> Lex non e&s;t ju&s;to po&s;ita. <HI>The Law is ma<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">e for the offendor: As for offendors, Law can lay hold no farther then prooffes may be ma<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">e of offences:</HI> Scelera tan<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">um Proba|talege P<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">n<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">untur. <HI>Religion holdeth a per|petuall &s;trength, and aw<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">t<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter"> the Con&s;cience, re&s;training</HI> facts, dicta, cogitata, <HI>by the power of the which,</HI> Nemo nocens, &s;e judi|ce, ab&s;olvitur.</P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>C.</SPEAKER>
<P>What is the chiefe di&s;turbance in a Common wealth?</P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>S.</SPEAKER>
<P><HI>Nothing &s;<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">oner divideth a State, th<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">n di&s;traction in Religion, as may appeare in old &s;tories, by the di&s;traction, as the Egip|tians who wor&s;hipped &s;everal Gods in th<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">ir Countries, a<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">d of latter times, by the &s;trange Tumults in</HI> Germany, <HI>the Civill Warres in</HI> France, <HI>and the &s;ad condition of England,</HI> Scotland, <HI>and</HI> Ireland, <HI>at this time.</HI></P>
</SP>
<SP>
<PB N="5" REF="5">
<SPEAKER>C.</SPEAKER>
<P>What then is the be&s;t way to ma<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">n|taine Amity in a State?</P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>S.</SPEAKER>
<P><HI>The greate&s;t band of unity in a State, is unity &amp; conformity in Relig<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">or, <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">either can any State &s;afely &s;<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">ff<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">r divers Religions to be publiq<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">ely mai<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">tained, or men of different Religion, from that which is maintained, to have any power to work a charg.</HI></P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>C.</SPEAKER>
<P>Shew me by what Divine power, Magi&s;trates can enforce contentious men to conformity, in the publique exerci&s;e of Religion?</P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>S.</SPEAKER>
<P><HI>You now put me to it in deed; but I will not now take it upon me to re&s;olve you in &s;uch a point; our onely di&s;<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">our&s;e now is, what the greate&s;t Politit<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">a<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">s hold for the &s;uppa<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">tation of a Weal<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">-publick o<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter"> State.</HI></P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>C.</SPEAKER>
<P>I may not then pin my faith, on what you relate, but I am to take it as the writing of antient State<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter"> men, who la|bor to uphold that Government, they have &s;et up, or have lived under, I pray then go on, and &s;hew me what Nations have b<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">en mo&s;t &s;trict in enforcing men to outward con&s;ormity?</P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>S.</SPEAKER>
<P><HI>The Spaniard is the mo&s;t ob&s;ervant of this, of all Nations, m<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">i<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">taini<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">g an In|qui&s;ition, not only to cen&s;ure</HI> dict<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter"> &amp; facta,
<PB N="6" REF="6"> <HI>of any that &s;e<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">m to differ from th<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="2 letters">, but to &s;earch th<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter"> very <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="4 letters">g<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">ts of <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 word">, <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 word"> by any m<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">ans th<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">y &s;<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">&s;p<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">ct different.</HI></P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>C.</SPEAKER>
<P>Are the Turks &s;o <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="4 letters">re, to tho&s;e <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 word"> live with in their Territorie<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">?</P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>S.</SPEAKER>
<P><HI>No<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">. The T<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">rks <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="3 letters">&s;o<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">ver <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 word"> in|quir<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter"> into no man, <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="3 letters">rly for Religio<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">, if he do not &s;candalize theirs yet they &s;uffer neither Chri&s;tians, nor Iews, nor any <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">p|p<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">&s;i<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">s to their Religion, to have either Ar|<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">or or A<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">thority.</HI></P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>C.</SPEAKER>
<P>Did the Ancient Romans make Warre for Religion?</P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>S.</SPEAKER>
<P><HI>The old Romans in their m<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">nif<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">ld Conque&s;ts, never pretended occa&s;ion of quar|r<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">ll, by difference of Religion: but either revenge of wrong offered to their Citizens, or to their State, or el&s;e the roleeving of their Confederates oppre&s;&s;ed, or maintai|ning of their weak Neighbours.</HI></P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>C.</SPEAKER>
<P>Did the Roma<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">s regard the Religi|on of their Enemies?</P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>S.</SPEAKER>
<P><HI>The Religion of <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="3 letters">ir Enemies, they had of it rever<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">nd e&s;teem; how &s;oever they &s;trictly ob&s;erved</HI> Patri<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">s Rit<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">s, <HI>yet they of|ten brought home</HI> Peregrinos Deos. <HI>and in the be&s;ieging of Cities, they had many Ce|remonics and expiations,</HI> ad evocandum
<PB N="7" REF="6"> tutelares loci Deos,<HI>to &s;hew they &s;ought not against their Gods, but d<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">&s;ired they would not &s;uccour their people, and &s;o &s;hould be reverenced in the Roman Territory.</HI></P>
<P><HI>After the Roman Empire was grown to the height, and could not &s;u&s;taine their own greatne&s;&s;e, and the Civill weeds &s;prang, all tho&s;e Rites were omitted or forgotten. Am|bition openly profe&s;&s;ed, that it fought</HI> Pro imperio, <HI>neither was there any cau&s;e pre|tended between the Concurre<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">ces, but the getting of the Empire. On th<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">&s;e termes the world pa&s;&s;ed untill</HI> Mahomet <HI>devi&s;ed a new and &s;trange Religion in the Ea&s;t parts, which &s;et the world in a mighty difference, laying two grounds to encourage his follow|ers, the fir&s;t, that who&s;oever dyed in War a|gain&s;t the Chri&s;tians or other Enemies to the Mahometan Law, did in&s;tantly pa&s;&s;e to all plea&s;ure and delights in Paradi&s;e. The &s;<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">cond that death was &s;o nece&s;&s;arily or|dained to men, that n<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter"> violence would end a man befo<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">e his time, nor wearine&s;&s;e avoid it at the time. Of this</HI> Mahomet <HI>the</HI> Sara|cens <HI>fir&s;t, and after them the Turks a migh|tie people borrowed their Religion. Of him ther</HI> Haman <HI>family l<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">arned to cover the fier of Ambition, wish t<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">e A&s;hes of Religion,
<PB N="8" REF="7"> and under pretence to propogate it, to per|&s;wade their followers both to fight and <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">o dye re&s;olutely?</HI></P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>C.</SPEAKER>
<P>I partly beleeve that the Pope and his Pred<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">c<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">&s;&s;ors have hitherto walked by the Mahometan Rule you la&s;t di&s;cour&s;ed of.</P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>S.</SPEAKER>
<P><HI>The Papa<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="2 letters">, in th<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter"> generall, have very much followed this cour&s;e or rule, as you call it; concealing all their privat revenges and ambitions de&s;ires, under the pretence of the Catholick cau&s;e: And that with that con|fident per&s;wa&s;ion and c<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">edulity of heir fel|lowes, that many of the Pap<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">&s;ticall Souldi|ers, if he hath a Cro<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="2 letters">e o<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter"> his back, and the Papi&s;ticall benediction over his head, think that either they are not of danger in earth, orif they dye, they have a pre&s;ent pa&s;&s;age to Heaven, at lea&s;t &s;hall pa&s;&s;e through Pur<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter"> gatory, and &s;o e&s;cape Hell.</HI></P>
<P><HI>In this point there is great difference be|twix<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter"> the pre&s;ent and anci<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">nt Romans, <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">hat the ol<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter"> Romans had a reverend opinion of the Religion of all Countries, though diffe|rent from them, and would never &s;uff<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">r a|ny de&s;pight or wrong to be &s;h<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">w<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">d to the Conq<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="2 letters">r<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">d under that name of R<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">ligion, which is not in perticular mens power to
<PB N="9" REF="7"> take or leave as they li&s;t.</HI></P>
<P><HI>The pre&s;ent Papi&s;ts m<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">ke their decrees, the R<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">les of all truth in Religion, and tho&s;e that are different, th<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">y cur&s;e, and mi&s;<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">hiefe by all m<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">ans th<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">y can invent, accounting them Athei&s;ts, Mi&s;creants, and Hereticks &amp;c. which violent proceeding hath enforced the like vehemency in the oppo&s;ites to judge of him and his, in like &s;ort, which hath been the &s;ole cau&s;e of the great di&s;traction in Chri&s;tendome, and laid it &s;o open to the Ma|hometans.</HI></P>
<P><HI>There is no mi&s;chiefe that works &s;o dan|gerou&s;ly as that which is carryed with a Colour of Religion.</HI> Simulata &s;a<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">ctitas duplex iniqu<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">tas. <HI>For that nothi<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">g can carry a multitude &s;o forci<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">ly, as blind z<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="2 letters">l and &s;uper&s;tition in any cau&s;e undertaken. In times pa&s;t,</HI> Sortorius <HI>a Roman, rai&s;ed Portugall, and the better part of</HI> Spaine, <HI>de|feated the Roman Armies, wo<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">king credit with his followers by pretendi<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="2 letters"> confer<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">nce with</HI> Diana, <HI>by means of a White hart.</HI> Ma|homet <HI>by his Dove and Bull of late times, the Seriff<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter"> in</HI> Africa <HI>under a pretended Ho|line&s;&s;e, gate fir&s;t his &s;trength, by which <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">e turned the lawfull Prince out of the State and &s;etled him&s;elfe and his.</HI> John of Ley|den
<PB N="10" REF="8"> <HI>at one time, and</HI> Muncerus <HI>at another time, rai&s;ed tho&s;e great Tum<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">lts in</HI> Ger|many.</P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>C.</SPEAKER>
<P>Sir, in your de&s;cription of Go|vernment, I remember you told me that order was maintained or &s;upported by tho&s;e three things, Religion, Law, and Magi&s;trater, you have given me ample &s;atisfaction concerning Religion. I de|&s;ire you would now di&s;cover to me what Law is?</P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>S.</SPEAKER>
<P><HI>Lawes are certaine Rules written, or cu&s;toms continued, by which the right of per&s;ons, actions, or things are determined.</HI></P>
</SP>
<P>Ius triplex e&s;t.</P>
<P N="1">1. <HI>Ius naturae,</HI> Is the light of nature, by which we know what is wrong, be|ing offered unto us, and that the &s;ame is wrong, being committed by our &s;elves a|gain&s;t others.</P>
<P N="2">2. <HI>Ius Ge<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">tiu<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">,</HI> The Law ob&s;erved by all Nations, how different &s;o ever, and is the rule deciding right between men of &s;undry Common we<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">lths, and it &s;pe|cially concerns Leagues, Contracts, Captives, &amp;c.</P>
<P N="3">3. <HI>Ius Civile,</HI> Is that by which the
<PB N="11" REF="8"> Citizens of every &s;tate are ruled, and it is of two &s;orts.</P>
<P N="1">1. <HI>Ius C<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">m<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">une,</HI> or <HI>Ius Iu&s;ticiae,</HI> the Common Law which is contey|ned in the letter of the Law, or in the Cu&s;tomes of the Country, and this in particular cau&s;es may &s;omtimes be the cau&s;e of wrong, as is often &s;poken, <HI>Summa jus, &s;<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">mma inj<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">ria.</HI></P>
<P N="2">2. <HI>I<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">s Equitatis,</HI> The Law of E|quity, when a particular ca&s;e by rea&s;on of &s;ome circum&s;tance, de|&s;ireth help and ea&s;e again&s;t the rigor of the Law; &s;uch wa<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter"> <HI>Ius Pretorium</HI> among&s;t the Romans, and the Court of Chancery with us in <HI>England.</HI></P>
<P>In the Ca&s;e where the &s;tranger &s;aved the City by mounting on the Walls, and encouraged the Citizens to keepe the Town again&s;t the Enemy, contrary to the Law, <HI>Peregrinus in mures &s;i a&s;cenderi<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter"> Capitale e<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">t<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">:</HI> the action in it &s;elfe mo&s;t honourable, is by the letter of the Law, Capitall.</P>
<P>Be&s;ides all the&s;e there is <HI>Ius Pr<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">rogativae,</HI> which re&s;teth wholly in them, be they
<PB N="12" REF="9"> one or more, in whom the Supreame power and Authority re&s;teth. Such have Princes in ab&s;olute Monarchies, and &s;uch a Power had the people of <HI>Rome,</HI> wh<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">n the State was Popular, to receive appeals from any of their Judges, to call matters determined by L<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">w to a new audience, to &s;u&s;pend the <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">xecution of any &s;entence, or to pardon the puni&s;hment: S<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">c<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter"> al&s;o hath been the accu&s;tomed power of the Parliaments of <HI>E<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">gl<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">nd.</HI></P>
<P>The Law is nec<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">&s;&s;ary for every State, for that <HI>Leges fiunt p<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">opter bomines; homi|nes non fiunt p<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">opter L<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">ges.</HI> Men a<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">e not made to &s;atisfie the Law in its rigor, but Lawes are made for the &s;afety <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">n<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter"> pre&s;er|vation of men. <HI>Salus Populi &s;uprema L<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">x.</HI></P>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>C.</SPEAKER>
<P>D<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">e all N<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="2 letters">ions <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">gree in their Lawes?</P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>S.</SPEAKER>
<P>Noe.</P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>C.</SPEAKER>
<P>How then a<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter"> their Lawes to be di&s;|cerned or known?</P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>S.</SPEAKER>
<P><HI>There are two Rules by which the Lawes and Cu&s;tom<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">s of Countries are to be di&s;cerned.</HI></P>
<P N="1">1. By the Law of Nature, &s;poken of before, by that light, by which we kno
<PB N="13" REF="9"> what is right or wrong, either in doing or &s;uffering. <HI>Altrine facias, quod tibi fa|ctum nolis;</HI> in this all good e&s;tates agree, in the &s;ub&s;tance, framing their po&s;itive Lawes again&s;t Athei&s;me, Murther, Adul|tery, Theft, &amp;c. Things in the light of Nature Condemned. Nations al&s;o differ in the puni&s;hment and means of re&s;trai|ning which is not in Nature defined. If any Law in a State be made again&s;t this of Nature, it mu&s;t needs be inconvenient as implicating a contradiction in the Go|vernment to other Lawes. For that the whole Law of nature, is mo&s;t agreeable, and conformable, in all the &s;everall parts unto it &s;elfe.</P>
<P N="2">2. The &s;econd Rule by which the Law of Nations are di&s;cerned; is, by the Sup|po&s;ition of the State, that is; by compa|ring the Law or Cu&s;tom, with the maine government in Practi&s;e, for if a Law be made which holds not on &s;cope with th<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter"> pre&s;ent Government e&s;tabli&s;h<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">d, it mu&s;t needs breed variance and di&s;cord, and in the end &s;ome occa&s;ion for one party to a&s;&s;aile the other. As it mu&s;t needs hap|pen to a Monarchy, if the people get any power to deale in the State; but mo&s;t
<PB N="14" REF="10"> commonly in a popular State; if either they continue their great Offices for too long a time, or yeild too great authority, <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">y Decree, <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">o any one man. <HI>Sylla</HI> fir&s;t, and afterwards <HI>Cae&s;ar</HI> gate the whole &s;tate in|to their hands, by the name of perpetuall Dictators. <HI>Augu&s;tus,</HI> <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">y a more popu|ler name, Tribune of the people.</P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>C.</SPEAKER>
<P>By this I under&s;tand, that its a dan|gerous thing, &s;uddenly to alter a &s;tanding Law, or cu&s;tome of a Nation or State; for you &s;ay that divers di&s;tractions and broyles do en&s;ue thereupon?</P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>S.</SPEAKER>
<P><HI>Auntient Lawes and cu&s;tomes, are not to be &s;uddenly changed, though they be but of &s;mall importance.</HI> Plato <HI>thinks that the change of M<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">&s;ick ought not to be &s;uffe|red, least that &s;hould al&s;o change mens con|ditions. Among&s;t the</HI> Thurans <HI>who&s;oever attempted a new. Law, must per&s;wade it with a Halt<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">r about his neck, with which he was to be <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">anged, if he failed in &s;hewing the nece&s;&s;ity of it.</HI></P>
<P><HI>New Lawes are &s;eldome <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">eceived with intire con&s;int, and hardly ob&s;erved at the fir&s;t, if there be not great nece&s;&s;ity; which nece&s;&s;ity &s;eldom appeareth, but with hazard, <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">hich may breed much danger before the L<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">w be e&s;tabli&s;hed.</HI></P>
<PB N="15" REF="10">
<P><HI>Few Lawes make &s;hew of much vert<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">e and <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">bedience, yet it is more &s;ecurity when all Lawes nece&s;&s;ary have been together framed, and by continuance gotten &s;trength. It is bet|ter to prevent a mi&s;chiefe, then to &s;eek for a remedy, after it is happened; for though it be true, that</HI> (in corrupti&s;&s;ima Rep. plures &s;unt leges) <HI>yet its true</HI> ratione &s;igni, <HI>not</HI> ratione Cau&s;ae, <HI>for that Lawes do not make any corruption, but &s;hew it, which would be greater if it wer<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter"> not hindred by Law, and men, must be &s;uppo&s;ed as they are, not as they &s;hould be; that as occa&s;ions of all na|tures do ari&s;e, &s;o in time vices of all &s;oets will &s;ooner &s;hew them&s;elves then v<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">r<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">ues.</HI></P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>C.</SPEAKER>
<P>What you have allready &s;poken concerning Law &s;ufficeth, I &s;hall now intreat you, for my more cleare and di|&s;tinct apprehen&s;ion, to re&s;olve Magi&s;tra|cy into the &s;everall heads and branches thereof?</P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>S.</SPEAKER>
<P><HI>Magi&s;tracy, is a power in men which boldeth all in obedience to Religion and Law.</HI></P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>C.</SPEAKER>
<P>You are againe harping on your old &s;tring, the power of Magi&s;trates in matters of Religion, but I beleeve you will not now re&s;olve me, in regard you
<PB N="16" REF="11"> have denyed me formerly?</P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>S.</SPEAKER>
<P><HI>I told you before, and I tell you a|gaine, I cannot now re&s;olve you, becau&s;e it is a matter of great con&s;equence, and the greate&s;t Schollers are (if I may &s;o &s;ay) to their</HI> Ne plus ultra, <HI>concerning this thing, but I &s;hall <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">re long take &s;ome opportunity to give you my thoughts herein, I will let it pa&s;&s;e now and proceed to the matter in hand, relating to Magi&s;trates.</HI></P>
</SP>
<P>Magi&s;trates are of two &s;orts.</P>
<P N="1">1. Supreame, who have the fir&s;t place in Honour, and the cheife&s;t in power to inforce obedience, that Religion and Lawes may be ob&s;erved.</P>
<P N="2">2. Subordinate, be all Magi&s;trates that have delegate power, from the Supreame authority, to hold men in obedience in their &s;everall places.</P>
<P><HI>In the &s;upreame Magi&s;trate is e&s;pecially con&s;idered, capacity of the State. which is two wayes.</HI></P>
<P N="1">1. By his owne under&s;tanding and experience, knowing and intending what to advi&s;e in all occurrences, which is al|mo&s;t impo&s;&s;ible in the variety of acci|dents which befall in State bu&s;ine&s;&s;e; yet &s;uch we read <HI>Augu&s;tus</HI> to have beene;
<PB N="17" REF="11"> who kept written with his own hand large remembrances, of all his Legions, Officers, Rents, Cu&s;tomes, Allyes, Leagues &amp;c.</P>
<P N="2">2. By Election of advice, propounded by others, which appeareth in the choyce of the be&s;t Councellors, and in the choice of be&s;t Councell in hard mat|ters, neither blind by weakne&s;&s;e of judge|ment, nor inclined by partiall affection: for the Princes choice is the life of any advice be it never &s;o wi&s;e. If we looke into any of their falls, they mu&s;t have fallen not for want of fit Coun&s;ell pro|pounded, but for want of Judgement, or partiall affection in the choice of that Coun&s;ell which they followed. <HI>Qui nec &s;ibi pote&s;t recte con&s;ulares, nec aliis bene con&s;ulentibus au&s;cultare velit, extremi e&s;t ingenij.</HI></P>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>C.</SPEAKER>
<P>What are the generall Suppo&s;iti|ons holden by the wi&s;e&s;t Magi&s;trates?</P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>S.</SPEAKER>
<P N="1">1. To prevent all inconvenien|ces, in the beginning, and not to think tho&s;e things which &s;everally to the vul|ger &s;ort &s;eeme little, to be little., being joyned together. In&s;en&s;ible vapors, do breed horrible Tempe&s;ts, and &s;mall grains great heaps.</P>
<P N="2"><PB N="18" REF="12">2. In avoiding inconveniences, to have &s;peciall regard to the manner of a|voyding them. In making their people obedient a<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">d quiet, not to &s;uffer them &s;o to forget Armes that they may be a prey, to their forraigne Enemies, in making them&s;elves &s;trong again&s;t the Enemies, carefully to provide again&s;t di&s;obedience and muti<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">ing, which often happeneth a|mong&s;t Military people.</P>
<P N="3">3. Not to &s;uffer any one part, how good &s;o ever in &s;hew, to attaine an over|&s;waying power, or dependance, which cannot be brought and holden in order, and obedience, if oppo&s;ition &s;hould hap|pen, <HI>occa&s;io facit ambitio&s;is.</HI> And mens powers are more certainly ruled, then their wills.</P>
<P N="4">4. To di&s;tingui&s;h warily offences and good de&s;erts, rewards and puni&s;hments, that neither great de&s;erts may breed In|&s;olency, or hope of impunity for future offences, nor <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">ff<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">nces take away all hope of reward for future vertues.</P>
<P N="5">5. E&s;pecially to have men from their beginnings, to be brought up to the Com|mon-wealth in which they live. <HI>Legum optimarum nulla est utilitas ni&s;i &s;int, qui
<PB N="19" REF="12"> ad Rempub. informentur.</HI></P>
<P N="6">6. It is impo&s;ible, in civill ca&s;es, &s;ub|ject to &s;uch variety of times and other circum&s;tances, alwayes to finde out <HI>opti|mam ex bonis:</HI> It is often times enough to take that which is <HI>mimimum ex malis</HI> &amp;c. In tho&s;e pa&s;&s;ages there is not re|&s;pect alwayes to be had to the greater part, nor yet to the better part, but to the whole State intirely con&s;idered: <HI>Pars quicquid est totius e&s;t.</HI></P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>C.</SPEAKER>
<P>I conceive tho&s;e &s;ix foregoing &s;up|po&s;itions or Rules are peculiarly inci|dent to the &s;upreame M<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">gi&s;trate, but how ought a &s;ubordinate Magi&s;trate to be qua|lified?</P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>S.</SPEAKER>
<P><HI>Three things are to be con&s;idered chiefly in a &s;ubordinate Magi&s;trate:</HI></P>
<P N="1">1. That they do affectionatly love the State e&s;tabli&s;hed.</P>
<P N="2">2. That they have &s;ufficient power to execute that which is required by their Office.</P>
<P N="3">3. That their parts be an&s;werable to that charge which they undertake, in the Common-wealth. <HI>Viz.</HI> Valour and Bounty fit for a Souldier, Wi&s;dome and Ju&s;tice for a Judge, Frugality and hone|&s;ty,
<PB N="20" REF="13"> for an Officer of account.</P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>C.</SPEAKER>
<P>What are the accidentall differen|ces of States?</P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>S.</SPEAKER>
<P><HI>They are two.</HI></P>
<P N="1">1. Good, Bad.</P>
<P N="1">2. Weak, Strong.</P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>C.</SPEAKER>
<P>How or in what re&s;pects are Com|mon-wealths &s;aid to be Good or bad?</P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>S.</SPEAKER>
<P><HI>Three wayes.</HI></P>
<P N="1">1. In re&s;pect of their good or bad Lawes, &s;o the <HI>Lacedemo|nian Re&s;publick,</HI> was thought wanting, which by Lawes permitted Theft, and Adul|tery.</P>
<P N="2">2. In re&s;pect of Good or Bad Magi&s;trates, &s;o the <HI>Lacedemo|nian Re&s;publike</HI> was holden the be&s;t, in that the Magi&s;trates mo&s;t &s;trictly ob&s;erved the Lawes and Cu&s;tomes of their Countrey, and the &s;uppo&s;ition of their State, which was <HI>A|ri&s;tocraticall,</HI> and <HI>Military.</HI></P>
<P N="3">3. In re&s;pect of both, as all good Common-wealths, who&s;e Lawes agree with the Law of Nature, and the Magi&s;trates
<PB N="21" REF="13"> acting according to the Lawes</P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>C.</SPEAKER>
<P>Is the Law, alwayes to be executed according to the letter of I?</P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>S.</SPEAKER>
<P><HI>No. fo it is neither &s;afe that Law alone &s;hould rule which can not di&s;tingui&s;h of times, occa&s;ions, nor actions. Neither is it &s;afe that Magi&s;trates &s;hould rule alone Without Law, for men are &s;o &s;ubiect to ha|tred love, fcare, pa&s;&s;ion reward &amp;c. It is be&s;t where both have their place, for that Law directeth be&s;t actions; but di&s;cretion and true iudgement be&s;t di&s;tingui&s;heth cir|cum&s;tances.</HI></P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>C.</SPEAKER>
<P>How &s;hall a man di&s;cerne the &s;trength of a State?</P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>S.</SPEAKER>
<P><HI>By ob&s;erving the&s;e three things.</HI></P>
<P N="1">1. Whether it be &s;trong in the frame it &s;elfe of pre&s;ent Government, &s;o if Mo|narchy is held more &s;trong, and in le&s;&s;e hazard of di&s;traction and divi&s;ion then a popular &s;tate.</P>
<P N="2">2. Whether it be &s;trong by continuance of time, having long holden on forme, &s;o New Principalities are weak, as wan|ting time to confirme them; Auncient Principalities are &s;trong, where the peopl have been inured to reverence and obedi|nce, <HI>Monarchy</HI> could not have been taken
<PB N="22" REF="14"> from the <HI>A&s;&s;yrians,</HI> if <HI>Sardanapalus</HI> had not been a bea&s;t, nor from the blood of the <HI>Ce&s;ars,</HI> if <HI>Nero</HI> had not been rather a Mon&s;ter then a Man.</P>
<P N="3">3. Whether it be &s;trong only by vertue, Wi&s;dome, and Valour <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter"> of them, which are in pre&s;ent Authority. So only New Principalities have &s;trength by them which rai&s;e them, Such was the Gre|&s;ian Monarchy, which appeared in the world, and vani&s;hed againe like lightning; the &s;trength whereof wholy con&s;i&s;ted in <HI>Alexander,</HI> and with his death peri&s;h|ed.</P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>C.</SPEAKER>
<P>What are the reall differences of Common-wealths, and from whence have States their Denomination?</P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>S.</SPEAKER>
<P><HI>The reall difference of Common-wealths are taken from the different order in commanding and obeying; the Name of every State is given according to the Su|preame and highest Authority.</HI></P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>C.</SPEAKER>
<P>Wherein is the Supreame Authori|ty manife&s;ted?</P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>S.</SPEAKER>
<P><HI>In the&s;e foure things.</HI></P>
<P N="1"><HI>1. Pote&s;tas belli et pacis.</HI></P>
<P N="2">2. <HI>Pote&s;tas vitae &amp; Necis.</HI></P>
<P N="3">3. <HI>Po. faciendar. <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">egum.</HI></P>
<P N="4"><PB N="23" REF="14">4. <HI>Po. Creandor. magi&s;trat.</HI></P>
<P>By the&s;e foure powers, States are deter|mined in them&s;elves, and di&s;tingui&s;hed one from another.</P>
<P>In whom tho&s;e four powers, or mo&s;t of them do re&s;t, whether in one, &s;ome few, or in many, in them is the &s;upreame Au|thority, and they give the Name to the State. If they be ab&s;olute in any, the &s;tate of them is called an abfolute Monarchy, or Ari&s;tocraty &amp;c. If they be partly in &s;ome, and partly in others, then the State is &s;aid to be a mixt Common-wealth.</P>
<P>According as the&s;e powers are diver&s;ly &s;etled, &s;o States are really di&s;tingui&s;hed.</P>
<P>If tho&s;e powers be in one per&s;on, well u&s;ed, to the good of the people under him, the State is called <HI>A Monarchy.</HI></P>
<P>If in the per&s;on of one, abu&s;ed, to the profit only of that one, and of his who hath the Authority in his hands, its called</P>
<P><HI>A Tyranny.</HI></P>
<P>If in &s;ome few, well u&s;ed to the com|mon &s;afety it is called,</P>
<P><HI>An Ari&s;tocraty.</HI></P>
<P>If in &s;ome few abu&s;ed, to the profit and plea&s;ure of &s;ome few.</P>
<PB N="24" REF="15">
<P><HI>An Oligarchy.</HI></P>
<P>If the fore &s;aid powers, be in the mul|titude, well u&s;ed, to the &s;afety of all, Law having power above the people, i<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">s then called,</P>
<P><HI>A good Democraty.</HI></P>
<P>If in the multitude, abu&s;ed to faction. and the &s;etting up the ba&s;e&s;t of the people, the multitude over-ruling Law,</P>
<P><HI>A bad Democraty.</HI></P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>C.</SPEAKER>
<P>Which of the&s;e Governments do you e&s;teem the be&s;t?</P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>S.</SPEAKER>
<P><HI>Heretofore mo&s;t Hi&s;torians were of the iudgement that regulated Monarchy, was the be&s;t, but the State of</HI> England, <HI>as now it &s;tands, admits not &s;uch weak iudge|ments as mine to di&s;tingui&s;h.</HI></P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>C.</SPEAKER>
<P><HI>SIR,</HI> I &s;ee you are &s;ilent in your thoughts, I pray tell me what you ac|count the wor&s;t.</P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>S.</SPEAKER>
<P><HI>The wor&s;t State is a Tyranny, as be|ing oppo&s;ite to the be&s;t, Bonum &amp; malum in &s;uo genere maxime di&s;tant.</HI></P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>C.</SPEAKER>
<P>I have heard of an <HI>Anarchy,</HI> I pray what government is that?</P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>S.</SPEAKER>
<P><HI>Anarchy is no State, but a confu&s;i|on of all order, much wor&s;e then the wor&s;t Tyranny, whi<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">h well appeared at</HI> Rome,
<PB REF="15"> <HI>after the death of</HI> Nero, <HI>when all men did what they li&s;t, which cau&s;ed an honourable Senator to &s;ay, that if that mi&s;order &s;hould continue, they &s;hould have occa&s;ion to wi&s;h for</HI> Nero <HI>againe. It is better living where nothing, then where all things are lawfull.</HI></P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>C.</SPEAKER>
<P>I remember you told me, that if the forementioned powers were in one per&s;on, it was an ab&s;olute Mon<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">rchy; by which I conceive there are &s;everall kinds of Monarchies?</P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>S.</SPEAKER>
<P><HI>A Monarchy is the government of one to the pre&s;ervation of all, But Monarchies are of two &s;orts.</HI></P>
<P N="1">1. Ab&s;olute where the chi<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">f doth rule all cau&s;es by his ab&s;olute Authority, not any way determined by Law, and the<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">e are good, &s;o farre as the Authority is well u&s;ed, and the cheif doth hold it, <HI>Sa|lus populi &s;uprema L<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">x&punc;</HI> For govern|ment was before po&s;itive Lawes, and in Nature, there is ab&s;olute priority and power of the Father over his Children.</P>
<P N="2">2. Limited, and that three manner of wayes.</P>
<P N="1">1. By Lawes a lore, where the Sub|ject may have lawfull audience, and he<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">p in Law, for holding, or recovering his
<PB N="26" REF="16"> right again&s;t the Prince.</P>
<P N="2">2. By Over&s;eers alone, where there be Officers of Sta<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">e, which may demand <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">en&s;on, wh<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">n the cheif &s;tretcheth his power <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">o the d<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">triment of the Subject, &s;uch have been the Electors in <HI>Germany.</HI></P>
<P N="3">3. By Lawes and Over&s;eers, as in times pa&s;t in <HI>France.</HI> when the twelve peeres held their places, and their Parliaments had their full power for the proce&s;&s;e of Lawes.</P>
<P>Ju&s;t Principalities are generally main|tained by hould<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">ng the favour and love of the Subject.</P>
<P><HI>Imperium e&s;t in voluntate ob&s;equenti|um.</HI></P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>C.</SPEAKER>
<P>Wh<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">t meanes is a Governour to u&s;e to gaine the love and affection of his people; and being gained; how is it to be kept, and pre&s;erved?</P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>S.</SPEAKER>
<P><HI>The peoples love is houlden by the&s;e meanes.</HI></P>
<P N="1">1. By being Religious, towards God, for that men will never &s;<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">ek, nor de&s;ire the overthrow of them, whom they are per&s;waded to be gua<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">ded with divine pro<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">ection.</P>
<P N="2">2. By &s;hewing Care of the pulike &s;afe
<PB N="27" REF="16"> ty not of privat gaine, men doe mo&s;t willingly contribute, when they are per|&s;waded that money is either imployed or re&s;erved for publick benefit.</P>
<P N="3">3. By building publick works, and releiving publick misfortunes.</P>
<P N="4">4. By be&s;towing honours and re|wards upon men of great worth by de|&s;erts.</P>
<P N="5">5. By referring all matters of Ju&s;tice and puni&s;hment to their offences, never &s;hewing contentment in the &s;hame or mi&s;ery of any.</P>
<P N="6">6. Generally, by bounty, magnanimi|ty, and all honourable and vertuous acti|ons.</P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>C.</SPEAKER>
<P>Tyranny you &s;ay is the wor&s;t of governments, I &s;hall earne&s;tly de&s;ire, you would branch it forth, into its &s;everall parts, by which I may perceive the ini|quity of it.</P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>S.</SPEAKER>
<P><HI>Tyranny is the government of one man according to his own will, and re&s;pecting only his owne profit, Tyrants have u&s;ed two wayes to &s;upport and uphold their Tyran|ny.</HI></P>
<P N="1">1. By taking away all de&s;ire and know|ledge of altering their government, which
<PB N="28" REF="17"> is thus done. Fir&s;t by working pu&s;illa|nimity. Ignorance, and di&s;tru&s;t in the people; which is acted five manner of wayes.</P>
<P N="1">1. By taking away all Schooles, and di&s;cipline; by which men might under|&s;tand what is right or wrong; A thing practi&s;ed by the Turks &amp;c.</P>
<P N="2">2. By taking away all &s;ocieties and fra|ternities, by which they might be ac|quainted one with another.</P>
<P N="3">3. By placing Guards in the &s;tronge&s;t places, by which they might &s;uppre&s;&s;e a|ny &s;udden attempt.</P>
<P N="4">4. By placeing privy &s;pies to entrap &s;uch as talk of State matters, and &s;o make all jealous of one another.</P>
<P N="5">5. By often making &s;hew of forraigne forces, which may be feard to be ready if any need require.</P>
<P N="2">2. By taking a way all power from the people, which is thus wrought:</P>
<P N="1">1. By bani&s;hing or putting to death, or &s;hutting up in Pri&s;on the men of account and their ofspring, that no male contents may know where to finde a leader that the people would follow; the hou&s;e of
<PB N="29" REF="17"> <HI>Bela</HI> took this cour&s;e in the Mo&s;covite State, It was <HI>Perianders</HI> Coun&s;ell to <HI>Thra&s;ibulu<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">;</HI> the hou&s;e of <HI>Ottimau</HI> is &s;o jealous, that the Grand&s;enior never thinks his E&s;tate &s;ure, before he hath cut of his Brethren.</P>
<P N="2">2. By utterly impoveri&s;hing their Su<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">jects by exactions. <HI>Diony&s;ius</HI> in 5 years gatt all the trea&s;ury of <HI>Sicily</HI> into his hands.</P>
<P N="3">3. By maintaining di&s;&s;cention between the great men and the Commons, or of the greater men between them&s;elves, ta|king part with neither, that they may know and u&s;e the griefes and wants of all.</P>
<P N="4">4. By not &s;uffering the great men to live at home, but attend there, where the higher power do ob&s;cure them, or if they be imployed to keep their Children as Ho&s;tages, &s;o u&s;eth the <HI>Magnus Mogor</HI> in <HI>A&s;ia.</HI></P>
<P N="5">5. To commit no tru&s;t to the Natives, or men of great blood or kindred, but to E<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">naches or &s;trangers, &s;uch as can not be popular, nor hold place, but by their Tyranny, &s;uch are the Turki&s;h Ba&s;&s;aes.</P>
<P N="6">6. To &s;uffer no m<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">n to be<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">re Armes, but their &s;worn Souldiers, to give Lands
<PB N="30" REF="18"> only to &s;uch, the inheritance depending &s;till at their proper di&s;po&s;ition, the Mo|&s;coveticall and Turki&s;h practi&s;e, the one to his Gen<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">le<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">en, the other to his Tima|rio<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">s; All other are &s;laves to them, as they are to their cheif Lord.</P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>C.</SPEAKER>
<P>By what properties &s;hall I know a King from a Tyrant?</P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>S.</SPEAKER>
<P><HI>The&s;e four differen<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">es will di&s;tingui&s;h them.</HI></P>
<P N="1">1. Kings were fir&s;t cho&s;en out of the be&s;t, and by the be&s;t, to guard them, and to rule the ra&s;h multitude.</P>
<P>Tyrants had their beginning <HI>ex Dema|gogis;</HI> &s;uch as flattered the people, and &s;tirred them up again&s;t the worthye&s;t per&s;ons, and &s;o under &s;hew of prote|cting of them, made away, all &s;uch as might with &s;tand them, <HI>Pi&s;i&s;tratus</HI> at <HI>A|thens, Diony&s;ius</HI> at <HI>Syracu&s;e.</HI></P>
<P N="2">2. The &s;econd &s;cope of a King is vertue and honour.</P>
<P>The &s;cope of a Tyrant, profit and plea&s;ure.</P>
<P N="3">3. A King is the protector of all, Rich, and poore, that on neither doth, nor &s;uf|fereth wrong of the other.</P>
<P>A Tyrant only regardeth the profit
<PB N="31" REF="18"> and &s;ecurity of him &s;elf, and his leaving others open to al wrongs.</P>
<P N="6">4. The tru&s;t of a King is in his Sub|jects, and of them he maketh his Guard.</P>
<P>The tru&s;t of a Tyrant is only in &s;tran|gers, and to them he commits his &s;afe|ty.</P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>C.</SPEAKER>
<P>How are Principalities over|thrown?</P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>S.</SPEAKER>
<P><HI>Two Wayes.</HI></P>
<P N="1">1. By forraign power, when one &s;tate a&s;&s;ayleth and overthroweth another, the conquered receiveth &s;uch govern|ment as the Conqueror thinketh meet, &s;o the Romans ov<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">rthrew many King|doms, and turned them into principali|ties; to be governed by their Lif<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">ten|nants.</P>
<P N="2">2. By Dome&s;tic<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">ll &s;editions, which are commonly rai&s;ed by th<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">&s;e occa&s;ions, in number <HI>Six.</HI></P>
<P N="1">1. <HI>By the Iu&s;tice of the Rulers.</HI></P>
<P N="1">1. In Injuries towards th<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">ir per&s;ons, which is acted two manner of wayes.</P>
<P N="1">1. In murthering, and ravi&s;hing their Kinsfolks. As the <HI>T<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">r|quin<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">s</HI> at <HI>Rome.</HI></P>
<P N="2"><PB N="32" REF="19">2 In bea<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">ing like &s;l<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">ves men of account.</P>
<P N="2">2. In oppre&s;&s;ing with exactions, &s;o far that by <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">xtream poverty, &s;ubjects grow de&s;perat, havi<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">g nothing to lo<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">e, but th<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">ir If<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">, whereof want hath made them wea|ry.</P>
<P N="2">2 <HI>By contempt of th<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">m.</HI></P>
<P N="1">1 For their folly, and incapaci|ty of &s;tate.</P>
<P N="2">2 For e&s;&s;eminate manners, as <HI>Sard<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">n<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">palus.</HI></P>
<P N="3">3 For Drunkenn<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">&s;&s;e, as <HI>C<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">mbi&s;is</HI> and <HI>Dioni&s;ius Junior.</HI></P>
<P N="3">3 By feare of death or di&s;grace in the &s;ubject.</P>
<P N="1">1 Either through knowledge or &s;u&s;picion of anger conceived in the Cheif him&s;elf.</P>
<P N="2">2 Or fe<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">re of &s;land<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">r from them which are about him in Au|thority.</P>
<P N="4">4 By hope of profit and w<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">al<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">h, which moveth &s;pecially ba&s;e Rebells, which pretend a community of all.</P>
<P N="5">5 By Amb<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">tion or de&s;ire of Honour, the mo&s;t dangerous motive, for that it po&s;&s;e&s;&s;eth only great &s;pirits, which are of
<PB N="33" REF="19"> re&s;olution, to their <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">utmo&s;t power, As <HI>S<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">aev<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">la</HI> which a<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">t<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">mpted upon King <HI>Po &s;<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">nna,</HI> and t<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">e Confed<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">rats that &s;lew <HI>Cae&s;ar</HI> in the Senat.</P>
<P N="6">6 By de&s;ire of change in Religion, which hath only moved men in the&s;e lat|ter times, being never made a pretence or motiv, f<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">r either forraign Conque&s;ts, or Dom<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="4 letters">call &s;<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">ditions, before <HI>Mabo|met. Pa<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="2 letters">t &s;upra.</HI></P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>C.</SPEAKER>
<P>You formerly told me, that <HI>Ari|&s;tocraty</HI> was the power of Ruling in &s;ome few, well u<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">e<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">, to the Common &s;efety: I pray acquaint me of what &s;ort of <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">he people they <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">re or ought to b<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">?</P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>S.</SPEAKER>
<P>Ari&s;tocraty, <HI>is a gou<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="2 letters">n<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">e<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">t of the be&s;t, for the &s;afe<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">y of all, but there ar<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter"> three kinds.</HI></P>
<P N="1">1. The fir&s;t, where <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">re&s;pect is had, to both wealth, and vertue, in the cheif of all Officers.</P>
<P N="2">2 The &s;econd where re&s;pect is only had of wealth, this inclyneth to an Oli|garchy.</P>
<P N="3">3 The third, where re&s;pect is only had of virtue, leaving it free to all, to make way to the cheif places, this inclineth to a Democr<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">ty.</P>
</SP>
<SP>
<PB N="34" REF="20">
<SPEAKER>C.</SPEAKER>
<P>What means have been u&s;ed to maintain and uphold States <HI>Ari&s;tocrati|c<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">ll.</HI></P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>S.</SPEAKER>
<P><HI>The&s;e Nine Maximes <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">ave bee<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">e held and practi&s;<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">d.</HI></P>
<P N="1">1 Compelling the Nobility to bring up their Children in feats of Armes, and politick Di&s;cipline, &s;uffering the r<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">&s;t to do as they li&s;t.</P>
<P>So the <HI>La<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">edemonians</HI> brought up all their Children in publick places, to|gether, where they learned exerci&s;e of Armes and knowledge of government.</P>
<P N="2">2 Con&s;training the Nobility upon great penalty, to be pre&s;ent at their pub|lick A&s;&s;emblies, &s;uffering the re&s;t to at|tend their profit and bu&s;ine&s;&s;e.</P>
<P N="3">3 Receiving the Citizens into their &s;p<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">ciall patro<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">ages, that in Popular quarrells, every man &s;everally might pacifie his Clyents, or followers, this was often practi&s;ed by the S<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">nators of <HI>Rome,</HI> to uphold their State.</P>
<P N="4">4 Suffering none to continue in the greate&s;t Offices for long time, that he might procure too many dependents, or weak<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">n his oppo&s;ites.</P>
<P N="5">5 Giving noe man that honour whch
<PB N="35" REF="20"> others might not hope to obtain.</P>
<P N="6">6 Imploying them which were too great, in forraign bu&s;ine&s;&s;e, that ab&s;ence might make them forgotten.</P>
<P N="7">7 Keeping Offices of Honour, wholly among&s;t the Nobility, leaving them of petty matters and gain to the people.</P>
<P N="8">8 Suppre&s;&s;ing the fir&s;t occa&s;ions of quarrells among&s;t the greate&s;t men, To that end to hold friendly meetings in pla|ces indifferent, where pacifications may be made.</P>
<P N="9">9. Holding the people in fehre of pub|lick dangers, to make an enemy if there were none, by that means, to draw from home &s;uch as were mutinous: A thing much practi&s;ed by the Roman Senate, while their power held.</P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>C.</SPEAKER>
<P>You have decla<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">ed nine M<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">xims or Sophims, that are the props of a<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter"> Ari&s;to|craticall State, but by wha<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter"> means is that government overthrown and changed?</P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>S.</SPEAKER>
<P><HI>Three things alter and <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">hange an A<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">i&s;toc<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">aty.</HI></P>
<P N="1">1. The Sedition of the great men, when their numbers do &s;o increa&s;e, that the Ho|nours to be devided, are not enough to &s;a|tisfie their Number, th<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter"> Lacedemonian,
<PB N="36" REF="21"> for remedy of this, &s;ent the <HI>Parthen<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">an<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter"></HI> into <HI>Italy</HI> which built <HI>Tarentum.</HI></P>
<P N="2">2 The Tran&s;gre&s;&s;ion of that &s;uppo&s;iti|on in not making vertuea mean between the we<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">lth of the great men, and liberty of the people; yeelding too much to th<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter"> peoples liberty, makes the State Demo|craticall, but wholy to wealth Oligar|chicall.</P>
<P N="3">3 Negligence in &s;mall matters, &s;uffe|ring inferior Officers to be perpetuall, which after giveth example and occa&s;ion that the greate&s;t likewi&s;e &s;hould be<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">o.</P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>C.</SPEAKER>
<P>By this it is evident to me that <HI>A|ri&s;tocraty</HI> may be turned into a State De|mocraticall or Oligarchycall: my re|que&s;t is, that you would more fully &s;hew me what Oligarchy is, and wherein it differeth from the State la&s;t mentioned?</P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>S.</SPEAKER>
<P><HI>Oligarchy is a Government of &s;ome few to their owne profii; and it may be branch|ed forth into 4. kinds.</HI></P>
<P N="1">1 Whereall che<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">fe Officers, are ch<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">|&s;en only by valuation of wealth and po&s;&s;e&s;&s;ions.</P>
<P N="1">2 Where men of middle wealth, are admitted to Offices, but the pre|ceedent Magi&s;trate c <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">u&s;eth his &s;uc|ce&s;&s;or.</P>
<P N="3"><PB N="37" REF="21">3 Where, the Magi&s;trates &s;ucceed, as in In<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">eritances, The Son in his Fathers place.</P>
<P N="1">4 Where all power is in &s;ome few, which rule above Law as they li&s;t, and this is like the wor&s;t kinde of Democraty.</P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>C.</SPEAKER>
<P>How is this Rule of Government kept from fall or <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">uine?</P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>S.</SPEAKER>
<P><HI>The Fabrick of this government is pre|&s;erved from fall or ruine, by tho&s;e Axioms or Sophi&s;mes, as Sir</HI> Walter Rawleigh <HI>calls them, in his Book, called the</HI> Prince of State, <HI>which are the&s;e.</HI></P>
<P N="1">1 By &s;uffering no Elections, to pa&s;&s;e either by Lo<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter"> or by Common &s;uffrages, but by a &s;<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">t number.</P>
<P N="2">2 By &s;uffering no choice to be made, but out of certaine, which likewi&s;e had &s;uch a valuation of goods.</P>
<P N="3">3 By making their Officers perpetuall or of long continuance.</P>
<P N="4">4 By maintaining great Troopes of Hor&s;e, impo&s;ed on them in Authority, which make a Terrible &s;hew, and can not be maintained but with great wealth &s;o did the <HI>Eretrians</HI> and <HI>C<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">alcedonians.</HI> But <HI>Ari&s;trocratyes</HI> and <HI>Democratyes</HI> have
<PB N="38" REF="22"> rather maintained <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter"> foo<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">-men for their Souldiers. As the <HI>Lacedemonians,</HI> the <HI>Romans,</HI> and at this day the Swi&s;&s;ers.</P>
<P N="5">5 By keeping the people poore and without Armes, that they might neither know how to arme them&s;elves, or give pay to them which &s;hould take Armes in their behalfe.</P>
<P N="6">6 By rai&s;ing many Warres, or ru|mors of Warres; Common people are ea&s;ily awed in publique dangers.</P>
<P N="7">7 By making Marriages only with them&s;elves, where Marriages are Com|municated, the greater &s;ort is le&s;&s;e e&s;tee|med.</P>
<P N="8">8 By providing means of employment in Warres, or Colonyes, when their I&s;|&s;ue groweth too great, and all can not be in honour.</P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>C.</SPEAKER>
<P>I conceive tho&s;e political Fabricks are de&s;troyed, and brought to nought, by fewer means and wayes: they are upheld like a hou&s;e built by many hands, yet one man or two can pluck it downe. My reque&s;t <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">ow is, that you would &s;hew and unf<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">ld unto me the occa&s;ions of Oligarchyes fall?</P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>S.</SPEAKER>
<P><HI>Oligar<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">hies are overthrowne three <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">ayes</HI></P>
<P N="2"><PB N="39" REF="22">1 By them that are not in Authority. As at <HI>Heraclea</HI> and <HI>Ma&s;&s;ilia,</HI> where th<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter"> younger Brethr<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">n ro&s;e again&s;t the Elder, for that they were excluded from the Common-wealth.</P>
<P N="2">2 By them in Authority, the&s;e five wayes.</P>
<P N="1">1 Either by rea&s;on of the &s;mal num|ber, the Father and Son, or two Brethren can not be in Offi<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="4 letters">|gether.</P>
<P N="2">2 When the few in place would yet have fewer.</P>
<P N="3">3 When the <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">ew having Luxuriou&s;ly &s;pent their goods and E&s;tates, &s;eek to &s;poile the Common Trea|&s;ury.</P>
<P N="4">4 When of tho&s;e few which Rule, all can not come to the Chei<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">e&s;t place.</P>
<P N="5">5 When they in Authority by any occa&s;ion fall at di&s;&s;ention and a&s;|&s;ayle onn another, the weaker fetching in the people for his Guard, maketh either a Tyrany or a Democraty.</P>
<P N="3">3 By Accident two wayes.</P>
<P N="1">1 In time of Warre through di|&s;tru&s;t
<PB N="40" REF="23"> in the people, tho&s;e few enforced to hire forraig<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">e Soul|diers, which committed to one that is populer, with them makes him&s;elfe Lord of all.</P>
<P N="1">2 In time of peace, whe<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter"> the people and tho&s;e few being at v<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">riance, commit them&s;elves to a third, which oppre&s;&s;eth them both.</P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>C.</SPEAKER>
<P>I remember in your d<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">&s;cription of States, you mention a two fold D<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">mo|craty; I reque&s;t your patience to unfold to me the particulars thereof, and what difference hath been u&s;ed in their Electi|on of cheif<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter"> Officer<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">.</P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>S.</SPEAKER>
<P><HI>A Democr<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">ty, is a Government of all, to <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">he good of all, or el&s;e A government of a multitude which are the greater part of the State, to that end they propou<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">d to them&s;elves, and this is called a bad Demo|craty, and of neere kin to Tyranny.</HI></P>
<P><HI>As concerning their choice of State Offi|cers, they had divers fa&s;hio<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">s of Liberties.</HI></P>
<P N="1">1 In &s;ome; all might be capable of the highe&s;t Offices, and all had voices in the Choice.</P>
<P N="1">2 In others; all had &s;uffrages, but yet they made their choice by
<PB N="41" REF="23"> certaine e&s;timation of wealth.</P>
<P N="3">3 In &s;ome all might be Rulers, <HI>Ita ut Lex dominetur.</HI></P>
<P>In others all might rule. <HI>Ita <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">t Po|pulus dominetur.</HI></P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>C.</SPEAKER>
<P>In my Judgement, tho&s;e popular States, that are not governed by the Rule or Square of Law, can have no &s;trength, neither can their ba&s;is be well fixed.</P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>S.</SPEAKER>
<P><HI>A popular State, hath n<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">ither &s;trength nor goodne&s;&s;e in th<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter"> frame it &s;elfe; be&s;ides it is &s;ubiect to &s;uch daily factio<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">s and di&s;|&s;ention, and mak<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">ing way for every impu|dent flatterer to grow mighty, by fawning <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">n people, and &s;landering them who&s;e good vertues and fortunes for their greatne&s;&s;e might be occa&s;ion of envy.</HI></P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>C.</SPEAKER>
<P>How then is it &s;upported, if it want &s;trength and goodne&s;&s;e?</P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>S.</SPEAKER>
<P><HI>The &s;trength of it only con&s;i&s;teth in the g<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">odne&s;&s;<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">, morall vertues and civill parts of their Citizens, <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">nd according to the di|vers &s;orts of people popular States doe dif|fer.</HI></P>
<P>1 The mo&s;t ancient is of Husband|men &s;uppo&s;ed the b<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">&s;t, becau&s;e their life being laborion, and full of bu&s;ine&s;&s;e, they
<PB N="42" REF="24"> have lea&s;t lei&s;ure to mutiny from their private cares. So the Medians are re|<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">o<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">ted to have lived before <HI>Deiocius</HI> alte|<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 span"> government. <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 span"> <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="2 letters">cond of <HI>Shephards</HI> much like <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 span"> for their kind of life. <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 span"> third of Arti&s;ans and Merchants <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 span"> mu&s;t needs be full of innova|<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 span"> roug<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter"> their continuall whi&s;pe|ri<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">g <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 word"> private devices at their mee|ti<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="3 letters">.</P>
<P>4 <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 word"> other is a mixture of all tho&s;e kinds <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 word">. <HI>Ari<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">totle</HI> condemneth utterly <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 span">; and yet wee read not of any of <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 word"> fir&s;t, any thing memorabl<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter"> The Ath<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="2 letters">ians admitted of all &s;orts to the choice <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 word"> Magi&s;trates, the making L<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">wes, and to <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 word"> great cen&s;ure, when they ba|ni&s;hed <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 word"> by <HI>O&s;traci&s;me.</HI></P>
<P>So did the Romans in the latter times how&s;o<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">ver the <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">uncient did hold it a &s;uf|ficient commendation to be commended. As <HI>Bonus C<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">lon<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">s &amp; &s;trenuus miles.</HI></P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>C.</SPEAKER>
<P>What bani&s;hment was that <HI>O&s;tra|ci&s;me,</HI> and <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">or what time, and what the Tran&s;gre&s;&s;ion tha<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter"> made men liable there|unto?</P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>S.</SPEAKER>
<P><HI>It was a kinde of bani&s;hment u&s;ed <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">|among&s;t
<PB N="43" REF="24"> the</HI> Athenians, <HI>and th<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter"> party exiled was to remaine ten yeares in Exile, which was thus executed; by delivering Shells, with the names of the per&s;ons con|d<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">mned written therein; It was u&s;ed not &s;o much to p<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">ni&s;h other Offences, as to abat<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter"> the immoderate power of the Noblemen.</HI></P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>C.</SPEAKER>
<P>What are the pretexts of a popu|lar State, and what meanes doe they u&s;e to maintaine the &s;ame?</P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>S.</SPEAKER>
<P><HI>The &s;uppo&s;ition of a popular State pretendeth two things, which in them&s;elves are plaufible.</HI></P>
<P N="1">1 <HI>Equality.</HI></P>
<P N="2">2 <HI>Liberty.</HI></P>
<P>The means of maintaining their &s;up|po&s;ition have beene the&s;e &s;eaven.</P>
<P N="1">1 By choo&s;ing all Magi&s;trates by th<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter"> voices of all, and out of all. <HI>Ne quis &s;it exclu&s;us &aacute; Republica.</HI></P>
<P N="2">2 By giving no power to any Magi|&s;trate, to put any to death, though con|demned by Law, if they appealed to the people. <HI>Vt libera &s;it pr<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">vocatio ad Popu|lum, ab&s;<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">luta Pote&s;tas in Populo.</HI></P>
<P N="3">3 By cau&s;ing all to know the u&s;e of Armes, that they neither &s;hould feare Forraigne forces or powers, nor one
<PB N="44" REF="25"> pa<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">tie to &s;tand in awe of another.</P>
<P N="4">4 By &s;uffering no man to contin<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">e long in Office, and to be called to an ac|count, his Office being ended and expi|red.</P>
<P N="5">5 By dimini&s;hing the power of them which were growne to great by what meanes &s;oever. As the Athenians u&s;ed their <HI>O&s;traci&s;mus,</HI> The <HI>Syracn&s;ans</HI> their <HI>Petali&s;mus,</HI> the parties name written in Olive leaves, upon which he was to be exiled.</P>
<P N="6">6 The more &s;imple, otherwi&s;e. If hee can but under&s;tand their Lawes, and cu|&s;tomes to &s;ee execution on Offendors, the fitter and &s;af<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">r for a popular E&s;tate. In &s;ome Democraties the chiefe Officer hath beene tied to &s;uch kindes as are mecha|nicall.</P>
<P N="7">7 By compelling all to be at A&s;&s;em|blies, e&s;pecially the m<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">aner &s;ort, who in &s;ome popularities have been invited by rewards.</P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>C.</SPEAKER>
<P>Sir, I have exerci&s;ed your pati|ence long, and I feare I am to bold with you; but your freene&s;&s;e of di&s;cour&s;e hi|therto, encourageth me to demand, or reque&s;t &s;ome other few re&s;olutions before your departure.</P>
</SP>
<SP>
<PB N="45" REF="25">
<SPEAKER>S.</SPEAKER>
<P><HI>The time I have &s;pent with you, I account it not l<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">&s;t, for I have made a two fold gaine thereof, by renewing our old acquaintance, and thereby our loves.</HI></P>
<P>2 <HI>By bringing to my remembrance what I have read out of divers au<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">|tient Authors concernin<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter"> STATE-POLICIE. I &s;hall willingly re&s;olve you, if your demandes come within the reach of my weake Lear|ning. I pray proceed to your Que|&s;tion.</HI></P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>C.</SPEAKER>
<P>How are Democraticall States alterd?</P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>S.</SPEAKER>
<P><HI>D<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">mocraties are <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="2 letters">a<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">ged into O|ligarchyes, by the banding of them, in great favour with the people; if they can agr<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">e betweene them&s;elves: if they di&s;agree, the one a&s;&s;<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="2 letters">yling the other, the conq<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">eror ray&s;e a Monar<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">hy.</HI></P>
<P><HI>The Popular State of Rome, by the conf<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">d<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">racy of</HI> Cra&s;<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">us, Pompy, and Cae&s;ar, <HI>proved in effect Oligarchicall, All things being act<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">d as they would have them.</HI></P>
<P><HI>Aft<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">r</HI> Cra&s;&s;us <HI>death,</HI> Pompy <HI>and</HI>
<PB N="46" REF="26"> Cae&s;ar <HI>falling at variance, on<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter"> a&s;&s;ayling the other, the Conqueror drew the whole State to him&s;elfe.</HI></P>
<P><HI>After</HI> Cae&s;<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">rs <HI>deat<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter"> it became againe Popular. The <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="2 letters">w Tri<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">mverate m<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">d<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter"> it</HI> Oligarchicall, <HI>their di&s;&s;<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">nti<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="2 letters">,</HI> Mo|n<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">rchicall <HI>ag<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">in<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">.</HI></P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>C.</SPEAKER>
<P>What things are tho&s;e, without which, neither of tho&s;e forementioned States can be &s;upported, or continue without ruine.</P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>S.</SPEAKER>
<P>Ari&s;totle <HI>&s;ayeth,</HI> Sex &s;unt quae di|cuntur nece&s;&s;aria Alimenta, Artificia, Arma, Pecunia, S<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">cra, Jndici<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">. <HI>More|over <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">l&s;e where he &s;aieth.</HI> Quin<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">ue &s;unt <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">rcana quae in pote&s;tate &s;uperioris M<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">|gi&s;tratus re&s;ervare &s;olent Re&s;p. <HI>Ther<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">|for<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter"> it behoveth the Supreame p<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="3 letters">r of <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="2 letters">y State, to h<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">ve a &s;pecia<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="2 letters"> ca<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="2 letters">, that tho&s;e fix thi<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">gs be duly <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">ad inreg<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">rd, and according to the re&s;pective qualiti<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">s and numb<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">r of their Subiects.</HI></P>
</SP>
<DIV2 TYPE="conditions">
<PB N="47" REF="26">
<HEAD>ALIMENTA.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<P>No<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">ri&s;hment which is t<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter"> <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 word"> con&s;idered.</P>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">1 By what kind the people d<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">&s;ire t<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter"> be maintained.</P>
<LIST>
<ITEM>By Tillage.</ITEM>
<ITEM>By Pa&s;ture.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<P N="2">2 Where they have that which they fancie or mo&s;t de&s;ire, from home, or from other Countries.</P>
<P N="3">3 With what ea&s;e or difficulty the Vi|ctualia, de&s;ir<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">d may be gotten, at what rates, and what quantity is requi&s;i<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">e.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="conditions">
<HEAD>ARTIFICIA.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<P>Crafts to keep the people from Idle<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="2 letters">e&s;&s;e.</P>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">1 Where regard is to be had, of what matter they worke upon, whether Mettalls, Stone<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">, or Wooll, and where tho&s;e thing<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter"> <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">re to be had for the<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">r u&s;e.</P>
<P N="2">2 To what <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">alew their workes can rai&s;e the matter where on they work.</P>
<P N="3">3 Regard is to be had, whether their
<PB N="48" REF="27"> kinde of worke maintaine health of body, and &s;trength of minde.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="conditions">
<HEAD>ARMA.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<P>Armes whether made in their owne Country.</P>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">1 Of what matter, of what fa&s;hion, of what u&s;e, and of what advantage.</P>
<P N="2">2 Whether brought from Forraig<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">ers, with what <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">a&s;e, and at what rates or price.</P>
<P N="3">3 Con&s;ideration is to be had of what advantage to the Nation, either in the excellency of the u&s;e, or in the pri|vate or proper u&s;age to men alone. As the Roman <HI>Pilum,</HI> and the bow in times pa&s;t <HI>Anglis.</HI></P>
<P N="4">4 Whether Armes be permitted to all &s;o in Democraticall &s;tates, or to &s;ome few, as in Oligarchyes.</P>
<P N="1">1 <HI>Pecuniae,</HI> Mony, of what matter it is made, and the, valew of the &s;ame.</P>
<P N="2">2 VVhether the Mines thereof be in their owne Country.</P>
<P N="3">3 VVhat things abound, by which it may
<PB N="49" REF="27"> be fetched from others.</P>
<P N="4">4 VVho hath the power of valew|ing.</P>
<P N="5">5 VVhat nece&s;&s;ity of levying for publick u&s;es.</P>
<P N="6">6 VVhat nece&s;&s;ity of disbur&s;ing for the &s;ame u&s;es.</P>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="conditions">
<HEAD>SACRA.</HEAD>
<P N="1">1 The publick manner of &s;erving God.</P>
<P N="2">2 The Orders and Degrees by which the Prie&s;ts and Levites are di&s;tingni&s;h|ed from the Laytie, and one of them from another.</P>
<P N="3">3 The maintenance, Liberty, and priviledges that they have to maintaine them of that place.</P>
<P N="4">4 The power and honour that the Cheife of them have either over them of the Clergy, or over others.</P>
<P N="5">5 The meanes to hold the reverence of the people.</P>
<P N="6">6 The Scriptures of life, to which they are bound by Oath, Vow, or Cu&s;tom<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter"></P>
<P N="7"><PB N="50" REF="28">7 Their apparrell, in matter, Co|lour, or fa&s;hion, how it is different from the Layety.</P>
<P>The Rom<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">ns kept the whole ordering of matters of Religion, e&s;pecially, a|mong&s;t their greate&s;t Per&s;onages. The Lords of the Senate, were the Ponti<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">i|ces, and Flamines. The <HI>Salii</HI> who car|ried their <HI>Ancilia</HI> in a &s;tr<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="2 letters">ge manner a|bout the City, were of the young Gentle|men, and mo&s;t of their fraternities. were of men of the be&s;t &s;tocks.</P>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>C.</SPEAKER>
<P>VVhat were the&s;e <HI>Salii?</HI></P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>S.</SPEAKER>
<P><HI>They w<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">r<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter"> th<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter"></HI> Prie&s;ts o<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter"> Mars <HI>the gods of Battle, who bearing</HI> Ancilia <HI>or</HI> Targets <HI>and</HI> Sheilds <HI>dancing about the City in t<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">ken of Triu<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">p<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">.</HI></P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>C.</SPEAKER>
<P>VVhat is to be ob&s;erved concerning Magi&s;trates?</P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>S.</SPEAKER>
<P><HI>Foure things.</HI></P>
<P N="1">1 VVho hath the power of choo|&s;ing them.</P>
<P N="2">2 VVho are capable, who are not?</P>
<P N="3">3 VVhat cau&s;es are in their power? what not.</P>
<P N="4">4 By what their powers are <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">n|larged
<PB N="51" REF="28"> or r<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">&s;trained.</P>
<P>So long as the power of the S<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">|nate of ROME availd, though the people did chu&s;e, yet they did chu&s;e their great Officers, onely <HI>ex Patritiis,</HI> out of tho&s;e that came from the loyuc<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter"> of Senators, who though they determined all matters, yet there was &s;till liberty to appeale to the p<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">opl<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">.</P>
<P>Af<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">erwards all were made c<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">p<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">bl<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter"> and any of the Tribune<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter"> m<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">ght hinder any act of the Con&s;ul, or decree of the Senate.</P>
</SP>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="conditions">
<HEAD>JVDICIA.</HEAD>
<P N="1">1 Either criminall; as in ca&s;es of life and death.</P>
<P N="2">2 Or Civill; as of per&s;onall or reall actions which concern<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter"> matters of Tre&s;pa&s;&s;<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter"> and Title</P>
<P N="3">3 The manner of proceeding whether the Tryalls be.</P>
<LIST>
<ITEM>1 <HI>De facto</HI> only.</ITEM>
<ITEM>2 <HI>De Iur<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter"></HI> only.</ITEM>
<ITEM>3 <HI>De Iur<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter"> &amp; de facto,</HI> together.</ITEM>
</LIST>
</DIV2>
<DIV2 TYPE="maxims">
<SP>
<PB N="52" REF="29">
<SPEAKER>C.</SPEAKER>
<P>There are five Maxims, or &s;ecrets as you call them, peculiar to the &s;upream power or chiefe Magi&s;trate in regulating A State or weale publick. I pray di&s;co|ver the particulars thereof, and how they become &s;o nece&s;&s;<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">ry?</P>
</SP>
<SP>
<SPEAKER>S.</SPEAKER>
<P><HI>Tho&s;e five.</HI> Conciones, Magi&s;tratus, Juditia, Arma, &amp; Exercitia. <HI>R<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">quire a mor<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">abler Stati&s;t the<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="2 letters"> my &s;elfe, to di&s;co|ver their power or u&s;e; a<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">d will take up long<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">r time<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter"> the<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">now can be &s;pared, or our patience quietly attend. In regard of the <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="3 letters">ixity, I will only give you the bran|ches thereof, but leave th<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter"> demo<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">&s;tratio<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="2 letters"> of each particular, untill another opportu|nity &s;hall pre&s;e<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">t it &s;elfe.</HI></P>
</SP>
<DIV3 TYPE="maxim">
<HEAD>CONCIONES.</HEAD>
<ARGUMENT>
<P>A&s;&s;emblies or Coun&s;ells.</P>
</ARGUMENT>
<P N="1">1 Generall. As that <HI>Des<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">e&s;tats gene|<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">aux</HI> in France, and the Parliaments in <HI>England.</HI></P>
<LIST>
<ITEM>1 of what Per&s;ons the&s;e &s;tates Ge|nerall con&s;i&s;t.</ITEM>
<ITEM>2 In what matters they may deale.</ITEM>
<ITEM>3 VVhat Power they have, limited by Law<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter"> <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">or above Law.</ITEM>
<ITEM>4 VVhat Order they u&s;e in procee|ding.</ITEM>
<PB N="53" REF="29">
<ITEM>5 VVhat Authority in concluding.</ITEM>
<ITEM>6. By what meanes.
<LIST>
<ITEM>1 Their power is drawne to Act in per<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">orming any thing.</ITEM>
<ITEM>2 Their power is re&s;trained from doing any thing.</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
</LIST>
<P N="2">2 Their Ordinary Coun&s;ells for ordi|nary O<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">currences. VVhere in we are to con&s;ider.</P>
<LIST>
<ITEM>1 Their Authority.</ITEM>
<ITEM>2 Their Inclin<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">tions to peace in VVa<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">re.</ITEM>
<ITEM>3 Their de&s;ires of honor or wealth.</ITEM>
<ITEM>4 The power of every particular.
<LIST>
<ITEM>1 In re&s;pect of the &s;ufficiency and eminency of his parts.</ITEM>
<ITEM>2 In re&s;pect of his &s;peciall fav<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">ur and grace in the &s;tate.</ITEM>
</LIST></ITEM>
</LIST>
<P>I told you before, that Oligarchyes con&s;trained the rich men to be pre&s;ent at their great A&s;&s;emblyes, on pai<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">e of pen<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">l|ties.</P>
<P><HI>Democratyes<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">,</HI> &s;ometimes by r<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">wards, invited the meaner &s;ort at their g<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">nerall A&s;&s;emblies, to make their pre&s;ence the greater, and that they &s;hould not altoge|ther loo&s;e their private profit (which is
<PB N="54" REF="30"> mo&s;t regarded by the multitude, by omit|ting their private affaires and foll<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">wing of publique.</P>
</DIV3>
<DIV3 TYPE="maxim">
<HEAD>EXERCITIA of body.</HEAD>
<LIST>
<ITEM>VVhether for health only.</ITEM>
<ITEM>VV<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">ether for &s;trength only.</ITEM>
<ITEM>VVhether for plea&s;ure only.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<P>VVhether and how <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">arre they all be mixt. V&s;e and cu&s;tome, breeds delight in any exerci&s;e, The Romans &s;o practi&s;ed them&s;elves with Armes; that they car|ried them with as much e<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">&s;e as their parts; hence came that &s;aying.</P>
<Q>Ar<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">a militis membra &s;<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">nt.</Q>
<P>2 Exerci&s;e of mind.</P>
<P>VVhether t<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter"> contemplation e&s;pecially, as the Indian Gymno&s;ophi&s;ts, and the Athenian<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">, which were great di&s;cour&s;er<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">, whether to action e&s;|pecially, which is of mo&s;t u&s;e in a ci|vill life, which is active not con|templative: As the Lacedemoni|ans, who taught their Children, <HI><GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">lurimum facere &amp; minimu<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter"> l<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">qui.</HI></P>
<P>3 VVhat kind of Exerci&s;es. Are commanded by Law. Are permitted only. Are directly forbidden.</P>
<PB N="55" REF="30">
<P>As concerning Armes, I have already given you my thoughts of the &s;ame.</P>
<P>But you may ob&s;erve.</P>
<P N="1">1 That Monarchicall &s;tates have u&s;ed to traine, and di&s;cipline all, in the exer|ci&s;e of Armes. As in <HI>England</HI> all by an Edict to bear Armes th<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">t are upwards of &s;eaventeen yeares of Age, and unde<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter"> three&s;core, except Schollers.</P>
<P N="2">2 Ari&s;tocraticall Sta<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">es, enforced onl<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter"> their Nobles to bring up their Childr<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="2 letters"> in feates of Armes, &amp; military di&s;cipline.</P>
<P N="3">3 Oligarchicall States, keep their Armes, and the u&s;e and practi&s;e of them only, among&s;t their great<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">&s;t men and their followers, &s;o doth the M<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">&s;covite &amp; Tu<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">k at this day.</P>
<P N="4">4 Democraticall or popular States, have accu&s;tomed to bring up all &s;orts of their people to Martiall &s;eats; and not only permitting, but enjoyning all at a certaine age to learne and practi&s;e them|&s;elves to warlicke exerci&s;es. As the anti|ent Romans at &s;eaventeene yeares of Age, the Suiffers at this day &s;ooner.</P>
</DIV3>
</DIV2>
</DIV1>
<DIV1 TYPE="act">
<PB REF="31">
<HEAD>An Act declaring and Con&s;ti<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">u|ting the People of <HI>England</HI> to be a Common-wealth and Free-State.</HEAD>
<P>BE it Declared and Enacted by this pre&s;ent PARLIAMENT, and by <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">he authority of the &s;ame, That the People of ENGLAND, and of all the Dominions and Territories thereunto be|longing, are and &s;hall be, and are hereby Con&s;tituted, Made, E&s;tabli&s;h|ed and Confirmed, to be a Common-wealth and Free-State: And &s;hall from henceforth be Governed as a Common-wealth and Free-State, by the &s;upreme Authority of this Nation, The Repre|&s;entatives of the People in Parliament, and by &s;uch as they &s;hall appoint and con|&s;titute as Officers and Mini&s;ters under them for the good of the People, and that without any King or Hou&s;e of Lords.</P>
<DIV2 TYPE="order">
<HEAD>Die Sabbathi, 19. Maii, 1649.</HEAD>
<P>ORdered by the Commons a&s;&s;embled in Parliament, that this Act be forth with Printed and Publi&s;hed.</P>
<CLOSER><SIGNED>Hen: Scobell, Cleric. Parliamenti.</SIGNED></CLOSER>
</DIV2>
</DIV1>
</BODY>
<BACK>
<DIV1 TYPE="postscript">
<PB REF="31">
<HEAD>POSTSCRIPT</HEAD>
<OPENER><SALUTE>Gentle READER,</SALUTE></OPENER>
<P>HAving now given you a breife and cleane di&s;covery of the Govern|ment of &s;everall Nations, Kingdomes and Common-wealths in the World which I have taken patnes to Collect from Choice Authors, of div<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">rs Languages, that thou maie&s;t the better Iudge of the Nature of our pre&s;ent New E&s;tabli&s;hed Common-wealth, as touching the Ex|clency thereof; and Encouragement to a willing Subjection thereu<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="2 letters">o, Take Mr. LILLIES expre&s;&s;ions, in his conclu&s;ion of the Epi&s;tle to his Predictions for 1650. in the&s;e words, to every true Engli&s;h man, I hartily <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">mplore them, as one man to unite their hearts, their Prayers, their Forces, and Pur&s;es, unanimon&s;ly, for defence of this Common-wealth now e&s;<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">abli&s;hed; For without it as at pre&s;ent,
<PB REF="32"> our Condition &s;tands, our lives and for|tunes will be &s;ubject to all the inconve|niences, a wofull Nation can expect from devouring Enemies: Conforming unto, and a&s;&s;i&s;ting this Authority; We &s;hall have the better of all Nations, wee &s;hall by degrees ari&s;e to the mo&s;t accom|pli<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">hed Government, that ever was vi|&s;ible &s;ince the Creation; and when the Commonalty of ENGLAND, viz. the Yeomanry, after &s;ome yeares are &s;itted for the work intended, it &s;hall not di&s;|plea&s;e them, that they have with pati|ence acted &s;o long a time without any vi|&s;ible Frutes of their Labours, Sith then the Sole Dominion and power &s;hall re&s;t in them&s;elves, after which univer&s;all peace and never more any Warres &s;hall follow in ENGLAND, untill the day of the di&s;&s;olution of this earthly Fabrick.</P>
<P>In the next place, I &s;hall only put you in mind of the New Engagement, to be taken generally throughout the Nation, in regard it is of &s;peciall concernment to all. The expre&s;&s;e words of it (are the&s;e) as it is Ordered by the Parliament, viz. I DO DECLARE AND PRO|MISE,
<PB REF="32"> THAT I WILL BE TRVE AND FAITHFVLL TO THE COMMON-WEALTH OF ENG|LAND, AS THE SAME NOWIS ESTABLISHED, WITHOVT A KING OR HOVSE OF LORDS.</P>
<P>For &s;uch as make any doubt or &s;cruple of taking this Engagement; I referre them to Mr. IOHN DVRYES Book, lately publi&s;hed, called Con&s;iderations, concerning the pre&s;ent Engagement, whe|ther it may lawfully be entred into, yea, or no, they are &s;ould at the Star, under St. PETERS Church in Corn-hill, or in Popes-head Ally; Licen&s;ed by Ma&s;ter IOSEPH CARYLL.</P>
<P>In my apprehen&s;ion, he removeth all the &s;tumbling blocks, and an&s;wereth all the Objections that can be made a|gain&s;t the taking of it, which may &s;ati&s;|fie all &s;uch as &s;hut not their Eyes again&s;t the light.</P>
<P>The three Chiefe Objections are the&s;e, viz.</P>
<LIST>
<ITEM>1. OB. That the Oath of Allegiance, and the Nationall Covenant are &s;till binding and Contradictory to this pre&s;ent Engagement.</ITEM>
<PB REF="33">
<ITEM>2. OB. That the pre&s;ent power by which the Engagement is tende|red is very doubtfull as a power, u<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">lawfully <GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">&s;urped, to which u|&s;urpa<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">ion you think you will be acce&s;&s;ary, if you take the en|gagement.</ITEM>
<ITEM>3. OB. That the Con&s;equence of the Engagement &s;eems to tend to an oppo&s;ition again&s;t the Lawfull Heir of the Crowne, and the right con&s;titution of the Parlia|ments, whereunto you are prein|gaged, and from which you cannot rec<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">de. All which Ob|j<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">ctions a<GAP DESC="illegible" RESP="apex" EXTENT="1 letter">e loarnedly and fully an&s;wered by Mr. DVRY which hath &s;aved me that Labour, and expence of time. VALE.</ITEM>
</LIST>
<TRAILER>FINIS.</TRAILER>
</DIV1>
</BACK>
</TEXT>
</EEBO>
</ETS>
